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id="toc-Founding_and_antebellum_period_(to_1860)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Founding_and_antebellum_period_(to_1860)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Founding and antebellum period (to 1860)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Founding_and_antebellum_period_(to_1860)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-American_Civil_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#American_Civil_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>American Civil War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-American_Civil_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reconstruction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reconstruction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Reconstruction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reconstruction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-Reconstruction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-Reconstruction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Post-Reconstruction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-Reconstruction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_20th_century_(1901–1960)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_20th_century_(1901–1960)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Early 20th century (1901–1960)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_20th_century_(1901–1960)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Jackson's_Gold_Coast" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jackson's_Gold_Coast"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1</span> <span>Jackson's Gold Coast</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jackson's_Gold_Coast-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_II_and_later_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II_and_later_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.2</span> <span>World War II and later development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_II_and_later_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Civil_rights_movement_in_Jackson" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civil_rights_movement_in_Jackson"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Civil rights movement in Jackson</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civil_rights_movement_in_Jackson-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mid-1960s_to_present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mid-1960s_to_present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Mid-1960s to present</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mid-1960s_to_present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cityscape" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cityscape"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Cityscape</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cityscape-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Geology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Race_and_ethnicity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Race_and_ethnicity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Race and ethnicity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Race_and_ethnicity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Income" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Income"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Income</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Income-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Crime</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arts_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Arts and culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Arts_and_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Arts and culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Arts_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notable_restaurants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_restaurants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Notable restaurants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_restaurants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_and_infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_and_infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Government and infrastructure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government_and_infrastructure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government and infrastructure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government_and_infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Municipal_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Municipal_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Municipal government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Municipal_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-State_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>State government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-State_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Federal_representation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal_representation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Federal representation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federal_representation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Higher_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Higher_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Higher education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Higher_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Colleges_and_universities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colleges_and_universities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.1</span> <span>Colleges and universities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colleges_and_universities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Primary_and_secondary_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_and_secondary_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Primary and secondary schools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_and_secondary_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Public_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2.1</span> <span>Public schools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Private_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Private_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2.2</span> <span>Private schools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Private_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_libraries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_libraries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Public libraries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_libraries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Infrastructure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Infrastructure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_highways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_highways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Major highways</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_highways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Jackson, Mississippi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 122 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-122" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">122 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson,_Mississippi" title="Jackson, Mississippi – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Jackson, Mississippi" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%83%E1%8A%AD%E1%88%B0%E1%8A%95%E1%8D%A3_%E1%88%9A%E1%88%B2%E1%88%B2%E1%8D%92" title="ጃክሰን፣ ሚሲሲፒ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጃክሰን፣ ሚሲሲፒ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C7%A3xc%C5%ABn_(Mississippi)" title="Iǣxcūn (Mississippi) – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Iǣxcūn (Mississippi)" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86_(%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A)" title="جاكسون (مسيسيبي) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جاكسون (مسيسيبي)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson_(Mississippi)" title="Jackson (Mississippi) – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Jackson (Mississippi)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson_(Mississippi)" title="Jackson (Mississippi) – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Jackson (Mississippi)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cekson_(%C5%9F%C9%99h%C9%99r)" title="Cekson (şəhər) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Cekson (şəhər)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86%D8%8C_%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C" title="جکسون، میسیسیپی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جکسون، میسیسیپی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A8,_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF" title="জ্যাকসন, মিসিসিপি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জ্যাকসন, মিসিসিপি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson_(Mississippi)" title="Jackson (Mississippi) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Jackson (Mississippi)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%81%D1%96%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%96)" title="Джэксан (Місісіпі) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Джэксан (Місісіпі)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson,_Mississippi" title="Jackson, Mississippi – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Jackson, Mississippi" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BD" title="Джаксън – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Джаксън" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson_(Mississippi)" title="Jackson (Mississippi) – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Jackson (Mississippi)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson_(Mississippi)" title="Jackson (Mississippi) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Jackson (Mississippi)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson_(Mississipi)" title="Jackson (Mississipi) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jackson (Mississipi)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson_(kapital_sa_estado)" title="Jackson (kapital sa estado) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Jackson (kapital sa estado)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson_(Mississippi)" title="Jackson (Mississippi) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jackson (Mississippi)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson_(Mississippi)" title="Jackson (Mississippi) – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Jackson (Mississippi)" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson,_Mississippi" title="Jackson, Mississippi – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Jackson, Mississippi" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson_(Mississippi)" title="Jackson (Mississippi) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jackson (Mississippi)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson_(Mississippi)" title="Jackson (Mississippi) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jackson (Mississippi)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diichi%C5%82%C3%ADt%C3%B3" title="Diichiłító – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Diichiłító" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson_(Mississippi)" title="Jackson (Mississippi) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jackson (Mississippi)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B6%CE%AC%CE%BA%CF%83%CE%BF%CE%BD_(%CE%9C%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%AF%CF%80%CE%B9)" title="Τζάκσον (Μισισίπι) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τζάκσον (Μισισίπι)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson_(Misisipi)" title="Jackson (Misisipi) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jackson (Misisipi)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson_(Misisipio)" title="Jackson (Misisipio) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Jackson (Misisipio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson_(Mississippi)" title="Jackson (Mississippi) – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Jackson (Mississippi)" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson_(Mississippi)" title="Jackson (Mississippi) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jackson (Mississippi)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86%D8%8C_%D9%85%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C" title="جکسون، می‌سی‌سی‌پی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جکسون، می‌سی‌سی‌پی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson" title="Jackson – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Jackson" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson_(Mississippi)" title="Jackson (Mississippi) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jackson (Mississippi)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson_(Mississippy)" title="Jackson (Mississippy) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Jackson (Mississippy)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson,_Mississippi" title="Jackson, Mississippi – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Jackson, Mississippi" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson,_Mississippi" title="Jackson, Mississippi – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Jackson, Mississippi" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson,_Mississippi" title="Jackson, Mississippi – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Jackson, Mississippi" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%86_(%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%BE%D9%8A)" title="جکسن (ميسيسيپي) – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="جکسن (ميسيسيپي)" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%BD" title="𐌳𐌹𐌰𐌹𐌺𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌽 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌳𐌹𐌰𐌹𐌺𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌽" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%AD%EC%8A%A8_(%EB%AF%B8%EC%8B%9C%EC%8B%9C%ED%94%BC%EC%A3%BC)" title="잭슨 (미시시피주) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="잭슨 (미시시피주)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%A5%D6%84%D5%BD%D5%B8%D5%B6_(%D5%84%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%BA%D5%AB)" title="Ջեքսոն (Միսսիսիպի) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջեքսոն (Միսսիսիպի)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson,_Mississippi" title="Jackson, Mississippi – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jackson, Mississippi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson,_Mississippi" title="Jackson, Mississippi – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Jackson, Mississippi" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson,_Mississippi" title="Jackson, Mississippi – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Jackson, Mississippi" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson,_Mississippi" title="Jackson, Mississippi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jackson, Mississippi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson_(Mississippi)" title="Jackson (Mississippi) – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Jackson (Mississippi)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson_(Mississippi)" title="Jackson (Mississippi) – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Jackson (Mississippi)" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B8)" title="Джексон (Миссисипи) – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Джексон (Миссисипи)" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson_(Mississippi)" title="Jackson (Mississippi) – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jackson (Mississippi)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson_(Mississippi)" title="Jackson (Mississippi) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Jackson (Mississippi)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9F_(%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%99)" title="ג'קסון (מיסיסיפי) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'קסון (מיסיסיפי)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಜ್ಯಾಕ್ಸನ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜ್ಯಾಕ್ಸನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson,_Mississippi" title="Jackson, Mississippi – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Jackson, Mississippi" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%84_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B8)" title="Сити оф Джексон (Миссисипи) – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сити оф Джексон (Миссисипи)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson,_Mississippi" title="Jackson, Mississippi – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Jackson, Mississippi" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson,_Mississippi" title="Jackson, Mississippi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Jackson, Mississippi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson,_Misisipi" title="Jackson, Misisipi – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Jackson, Misisipi" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson,_M%C3%AEs%C3%AEs%C3%AEp%C3%AE" title="Jackson, Mîsîsîpî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Jackson, Mîsîsîpî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%84_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B8)" title="Сити оф Джексон (Миссисипи) – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Сити оф Джексон (Миссисипи)" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B8)" title="Джексон (Миссисипи) – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Джексон (Миссисипи)" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson_(Mississippi)" title="Jackson (Mississippi) – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Jackson (Mississippi)" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson" title="Jackson – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Jackson" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEeksona" title="Džeksona – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Džeksona" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson_(Mississippi)" title="Jackson (Mississippi) – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Jackson (Mississippi)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEeksonas_(Misisip%C4%97)" title="Džeksonas (Misisipė) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Džeksonas (Misisipė)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson_(Misciscippi)" title="Jackson (Misciscippi) – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Jackson (Misciscippi)" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson_(Mississippi)" title="Jackson (Mississippi) – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Jackson (Mississippi)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson_(Mississippi)" title="Jackson (Mississippi) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jackson (Mississippi)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B8)" title="Џексон (Мисисипи) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Џексон (Мисисипи)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson,_Mississippi" title="Jackson, Mississippi – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Jackson, Mississippi" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BA,_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF" title="ജാക്സൺ, മിസ്സിസ്സിപ്പി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജാക്സൺ, മിസ്സിസ്സിപ്പി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8_(%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80)" title="जॅक्सन (मिसिसिपी) – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जॅक्सन (मिसिसिपी)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86_(%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%89)" title="چاكسون (ميسيسيبى) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="چاكسون (ميسيسيبى)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson,_Mississippi" title="Jackson, Mississippi – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jackson, Mississippi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson_(Mississippi)" title="Jackson (Mississippi) – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Jackson (Mississippi)" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson_(Mississippi)" title="Jackson (Mississippi) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jackson (Mississippi)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8,_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF" title="ज्याक्सन, मिसिसिपि – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ज्याक्सन, मिसिसिपि" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%82%AF%E3%82%BD%E3%83%B3_(%E3%83%9F%E3%82%B7%E3%82%B7%E3%83%83%E3%83%94%E5%B7%9E)" title="ジャクソン (ミシシッピ州) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジャクソン (ミシシッピ州)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B8)" title="Джексон (Миссисипи) – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Джексон (Миссисипи)" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson_(Mississippi)" title="Jackson (Mississippi) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jackson (Mississippi)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson_i_Mississippi" title="Jackson i Mississippi – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Jackson i Mississippi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chisha_Foka" title="Chisha Foka – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Chisha Foka" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson_(Mississippi)" title="Jackson (Mississippi) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Jackson (Mississippi)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A8,_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80" title="ਜੈਕਸਨ, ਮਿਸੀਸਿੱਪੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜੈਕਸਨ, ਮਿਸੀਸਿੱਪੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8" title="ज्याकसन – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="ज्याकसन" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%86" title="جیکسن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جیکسن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson,_Mississippi" title="Jackson, Mississippi – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Jackson, Mississippi" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson_(Mississippi)" title="Jackson (Mississippi) – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Jackson (Mississippi)" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson_(Missisipi)" title="Jackson (Missisipi) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jackson (Missisipi)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson_(Mississippi)" title="Jackson (Mississippi) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jackson (Mississippi)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson_(Mississippi)" title="Jackson (Mississippi) – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Jackson (Mississippi)" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson,_Mississippi" title="Jackson, Mississippi – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Jackson, Mississippi" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson_(Mississippi)" title="Jackson (Mississippi) – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Jackson (Mississippi)" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B8)" title="Джэксон (Миссисипи) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Джэксон (Миссисипи)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D" title="जाक्सन् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="जाक्सन्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson" title="Jackson – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Jackson" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson" title="Jackson – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Jackson" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson_(Mississippi)" title="Jackson (Mississippi) – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Jackson (Mississippi)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson,_Mississippi" title="Jackson, Mississippi – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Jackson, Mississippi" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson_(Mississippi)" title="Jackson (Mississippi) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Jackson (Mississippi)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson_(Mississippi)" title="Jackson (Mississippi) – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Jackson (Mississippi)" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%8C_%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C" title="جاکسن، میسیسیپی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="جاکسن، میسیسیپی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B8)" title="Џексон (Мисисипи) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Џексон (Мисисипи)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson,_Mississippi" title="Jackson, Mississippi – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jackson, Mississippi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson_(Mississippi)" title="Jackson (Mississippi) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jackson (Mississippi)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson,_Mississippi" title="Jackson, Mississippi – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jackson, Mississippi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson,_Mississippi" title="Jackson, Mississippi – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Jackson, Mississippi" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_(%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF)" title="ஜாக்சன் (மிசிசிப்பி) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஜாக்சன் (மிசிசிப்பி)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%96%D3%99%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B8)" title="Җәксон (Миссисипи) – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Җәксон (Миссисипи)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99_(%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B5)" title="แจ็กสัน (รัฐมิสซิสซิปปี) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แจ็กสัน (รัฐมิสซิสซิปปี)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson,_Mississippi" title="Jackson, Mississippi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Jackson, Mississippi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%81%D1%81%D1%96%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%96)" title="Джексон (Міссісіпі) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джексон (Міссісіпі)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%8C_%D9%85%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%BE%DB%8C" title="جیکسن، مسیسپی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جیکسن، مسیسپی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson_(Mississippi)" title="Jackson (Mississippi) – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Jackson (Mississippi)" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson,_Mississippi" title="Jackson, Mississippi – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Jackson, Mississippi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson_(Mississippi)" title="Jackson (Mississippi) – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Jackson (Mississippi)" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson,_Mississippi" title="Jackson, Mississippi – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Jackson, Mississippi" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%B0%E5%85%8B%E9%80%8A%EF%BC%88%E5%AF%86%E8%A5%BF%E8%A5%BF%E6%AF%94%E5%B7%9E%EF%BC%89" title="杰克逊（密西西比州） – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="杰克逊（密西西比州）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A9%8D%E8%87%A3_(%E5%AF%86%E8%A5%BF%E8%A5%BF%E6%AF%94%E5%B7%9E)" title="積臣 (密西西比州) – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="積臣 (密西西比州)" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson,_Mississippi" title="Jackson, Mississippi – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Jackson, Mississippi" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEeksons_(M%C4%97s%C4%97s%C4%97p%C4%97)" title="Džeksons (Mėsėsėpė) – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Džeksons (Mėsėsėpė)" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%B0%E5%85%8B%E9%80%8A_(%E5%AF%86%E8%A5%BF%E8%A5%BF%E6%AF%94%E5%B7%9E)" title="杰克逊 (密西西比州) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="杰克逊 (密西西比州)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Capital of Mississippi, United States</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the city and related subjects within the city. For the Jackson metro area, see <a href="/wiki/Jackson_metropolitan_area,_Mississippi" title="Jackson metropolitan area, Mississippi">Jackson metropolitan area, Mississippi</a>. For the county on the Mississippi Gulf Coast, see <a href="/wiki/Jackson_County,_Mississippi" title="Jackson County, Mississippi">Jackson County, Mississippi</a>. For the Kid Rock song, see <a href="/wiki/Jackson,_Mississippi_(song)" title="Jackson, Mississippi (song)">Jackson, Mississippi (song)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Jackson_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Jackson (disambiguation)">Jackson (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">State capital city in Mississippi, United States</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Jackson</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_the_United_States" title="List of capitals in the United States">State capital city</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div style="border:1;;height:105px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:JacksonMS_Downtown_Panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/JacksonMS_Downtown_Panorama.jpg/288px-JacksonMS_Downtown_Panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/JacksonMS_Downtown_Panorama.jpg/432px-JacksonMS_Downtown_Panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/JacksonMS_Downtown_Panorama.jpg/576px-JacksonMS_Downtown_Panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2247" data-file-height="822" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Downtown Jackson</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style="border:1;;height:94px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mississippi_State_Capitol_Building_(26815684617).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Mississippi_State_Capitol_Building_%2826815684617%29.jpg/142px-Mississippi_State_Capitol_Building_%2826815684617%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Mississippi_State_Capitol_Building_%2826815684617%29.jpg/213px-Mississippi_State_Capitol_Building_%2826815684617%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Mississippi_State_Capitol_Building_%2826815684617%29.jpg/284px-Mississippi_State_Capitol_Building_%2826815684617%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_State_Capitol" title="Mississippi State Capitol">Mississippi State Capitol</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style="border:1;;height:94px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jackson_December_2018_34_(Mississippi_Governor%27s_Mansion).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Jackson_December_2018_34_%28Mississippi_Governor%27s_Mansion%29.jpg/142px-Jackson_December_2018_34_%28Mississippi_Governor%27s_Mansion%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Jackson_December_2018_34_%28Mississippi_Governor%27s_Mansion%29.jpg/213px-Jackson_December_2018_34_%28Mississippi_Governor%27s_Mansion%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Jackson_December_2018_34_%28Mississippi_Governor%27s_Mansion%29.jpg/284px-Jackson_December_2018_34_%28Mississippi_Governor%27s_Mansion%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Governor%27s_Mansion" title="Mississippi Governor's Mansion">Mississippi Governor's Mansion</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:97px;max-width:97px"><div style="border:1;;height:126px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lamar_Life_in_a_south_wind_(3634101287).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Lamar_Life_in_a_south_wind_%283634101287%29.jpg/95px-Lamar_Life_in_a_south_wind_%283634101287%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Lamar_Life_in_a_south_wind_%283634101287%29.jpg/143px-Lamar_Life_in_a_south_wind_%283634101287%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Lamar_Life_in_a_south_wind_%283634101287%29.jpg/190px-Lamar_Life_in_a_south_wind_%283634101287%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Lamar_Life_Building" title="Lamar Life Building">Lamar Life Building</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:191px;max-width:191px"><div style="border:1;;height:126px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_Mississippi_Capitol_Building_in_Jackson_Mississippi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Old_Mississippi_Capitol_Building_in_Jackson_Mississippi.jpg/189px-Old_Mississippi_Capitol_Building_in_Jackson_Mississippi.jpg" decoding="async" width="189" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Old_Mississippi_Capitol_Building_in_Jackson_Mississippi.jpg/284px-Old_Mississippi_Capitol_Building_in_Jackson_Mississippi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Old_Mississippi_Capitol_Building_in_Jackson_Mississippi.jpg/378px-Old_Mississippi_Capitol_Building_in_Jackson_Mississippi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Old_Mississippi_State_Capitol" title="Old Mississippi State Capitol">Old State Capitol</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:141px;max-width:141px"><div style="border:1;;height:108px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Supreme_Court_of_Mississippi_building.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Supreme_Court_of_Mississippi_building.jpg/139px-Supreme_Court_of_Mississippi_building.jpg" decoding="async" width="139" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Supreme_Court_of_Mississippi_building.jpg/209px-Supreme_Court_of_Mississippi_building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Supreme_Court_of_Mississippi_building.jpg/278px-Supreme_Court_of_Mississippi_building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="2822" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Mississippi" title="Supreme Court of Mississippi">Supreme Court of Mississippi</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:147px;max-width:147px"><div style="border:1;;height:108px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jackson_Place,_Jackson,_MS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Jackson_Place%2C_Jackson%2C_MS.jpg/145px-Jackson_Place%2C_Jackson%2C_MS.jpg" decoding="async" width="145" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Jackson_Place%2C_Jackson%2C_MS.jpg/218px-Jackson_Place%2C_Jackson%2C_MS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Jackson_Place%2C_Jackson%2C_MS.jpg/290px-Jackson_Place%2C_Jackson%2C_MS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/One_Jackson_Place" title="One Jackson Place">One Jackson Place</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Jackson,_Mississippi.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Jackson"><img alt="Flag of Jackson" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_Jackson%2C_Mississippi.svg/103px-Flag_of_Jackson%2C_Mississippi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="103" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_Jackson%2C_Mississippi.svg/155px-Flag_of_Jackson%2C_Mississippi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_Jackson%2C_Mississippi.svg/206px-Flag_of_Jackson%2C_Mississippi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Jackson,_Mississippi.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Jackson"><img alt="Official seal of Jackson" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Seal_of_Jackson%2C_Mississippi.svg/87px-Seal_of_Jackson%2C_Mississippi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="87" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Seal_of_Jackson%2C_Mississippi.svg/131px-Seal_of_Jackson%2C_Mississippi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Seal_of_Jackson%2C_Mississippi.svg/174px-Seal_of_Jackson%2C_Mississippi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="382" data-file-height="392" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Seal</div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jackson,_MS_Logo.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Official logo of Jackson"><img alt="Official logo of Jackson" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a3/Jackson%2C_MS_Logo.png/115px-Jackson%2C_MS_Logo.png" decoding="async" width="115" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a3/Jackson%2C_MS_Logo.png 1.5x" data-file-width="169" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Logo</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">The City with Soul</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 290px; height: 290px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="290" data-height="290" data-zoom="10" data-lat="32.2989" data-lon="-90.1847" data-overlays="["_98c4d7371a7aafb39a02fb6b572d2df6caf084d6"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/10/32.2989/-90.1847/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,32.2989,-90.1847,290x290.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Jackson%2C_Mississippi&revid=1258355413&groups=_98c4d7371a7aafb39a02fb6b572d2df6caf084d6" width="290" height="290" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,32.2989,-90.1847,290x290@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Jackson%2C_Mississippi&revid=1258355413&groups=_98c4d7371a7aafb39a02fb6b572d2df6caf084d6 2x" alt="Map" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Interactive map of Jackson</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:200px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:200px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:200px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USA_Mississippi_relief_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jackson is located in Mississippi"><img alt="Jackson is located in Mississippi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/USA_Mississippi_relief_location_map.svg/200px-USA_Mississippi_relief_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="318" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/USA_Mississippi_relief_location_map.svg/300px-USA_Mississippi_relief_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/USA_Mississippi_relief_location_map.svg/400px-USA_Mississippi_relief_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="754" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:54.738%;left:42.882%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Jackson"><img alt="Jackson" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Jackson</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within Mississippi</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Mississippi</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:200px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:200px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:200px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Jackson is located in the United States"><img alt="Jackson is located in the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/200px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/300px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/400px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="731" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:71.154%;left:60.63%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Jackson"><img alt="Jackson" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Jackson</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within the United States</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of the United States</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Jackson,_Mississippi&params=32_17_56_N_90_11_05_W_region:US-MS_type:city(153701)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°17′56″N</span> <span class="longitude">90°11′05″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.29889°N 90.18472°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.29889; -90.18472</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_Mississippi.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mississippi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_Mississippi.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mississippi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_Mississippi.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mississippi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="720" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Mississippi" title="List of counties in Mississippi">Counties</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hinds_County,_Mississippi" title="Hinds County, Mississippi">Hinds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madison_County,_Mississippi" title="Madison County, Mississippi">Madison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rankin_County,_Mississippi" title="Rankin County, Mississippi">Rankin</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Municipal_corporation" title="Municipal corporation">Incorporated</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1822<span class="noprint"> (202 years ago)</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1822</span>)</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Named for</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mayor%E2%80%93council_government" title="Mayor–council government">Mayor–Council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Jackson,_Mississippi" title="List of mayors of Jackson, Mississippi">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chokwe_Antar_Lumumba" title="Chokwe Antar Lumumba">Chokwe Antar Lumumba</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">D</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/City_council" class="mw-redirect" title="City council">Council</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Members</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Ward 1: Ashby Foote</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Ward 2: Melvin Priester, Jr.</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Ward 3: Kenneth Stokes</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Ward 4: De'Keither Stamps</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Ward 5: Charles H. Tillman</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Ward 6: Aaron Banks</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Ward 7: Virgi Lindsey</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-CenPopGazetteer2020_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CenPopGazetteer2020-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_the_United_States" title="List of capitals in the United States">State capital city</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">113.85 sq mi (294.88 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">111.72 sq mi (289.34 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Water</th><td class="infobox-data">2.14 sq mi (5.53 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">279 ft (85 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(<a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a>)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_the_United_States" title="List of capitals in the United States">State capital city</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">153,701</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data">US: <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">170th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,375.82/sq mi (531.21/km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">347,693 (US: <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_urban_areas" title="List of United States urban areas">118th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,466.1/sq mi (566.1/km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">591,978 (US: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Metropolitan_Statistical_Areas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Metropolitan Statistical Areas">99th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Jacksonian</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%926" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−6">UTC−6</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_Time_Zone" title="Central Time Zone">CST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%925" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−5">UTC−5</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_Time_Zone" title="Central Time Zone">CDT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ZIP_Code" title="ZIP Code">ZIP Codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">39201-39213, 39215-39218, 39225, 39232, 39236, 39250, 39269, 39271-39272, 39282-39284, 39286, 39288-39289, 39296, 39298</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Area_codes_601_and_769" title="Area codes 601 and 769">601/769</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Information_Processing_Standard" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Information Processing Standard">FIPS code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">28-36000</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_Names_Information_System" title="Geographic Names Information System">GNIS</a> feature ID</th><td class="infobox-data">0711543<sup id="cite_ref-GR3_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jacksonms.gov/">jacksonms.gov</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below">For additional city data see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.city-data.com/city/Jackson-Mississippi.html">City-Data</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jackson</b> is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_the_United_States" title="List of capitals in the United States">capital</a> of and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Mississippi" title="List of municipalities in Mississippi">most populous</a> city in the <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">U.S. state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a>. Along with <a href="/wiki/Raymond,_Mississippi" title="Raymond, Mississippi">Raymond</a>, Jackson is one of two county seats for <a href="/wiki/Hinds_County,_Mississippi" title="Hinds County, Mississippi">Hinds County</a>. The city had a population of 153,701 at the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 census</a>, a significant decline from 173,514, or 11.42%, since the <a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010 census</a>, representing the largest decline in population during the decade of any <a href="/wiki/Major_cities_in_the_U.S." class="mw-redirect" title="Major cities in the U.S.">major U.S. city</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jackson is the anchor for the <a href="/wiki/Jackson_metropolitan_area,_Mississippi" title="Jackson metropolitan area, Mississippi">Jackson metropolitan statistical area</a>, the largest <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">metropolitan area</a> located entirely in the state and the tenth-largest urban area in the <a href="/wiki/Deep_South" title="Deep South">Deep South</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-metrojacksoneda.com_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-metrojacksoneda.com-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With a 2020 population of nearly 600,000, metropolitan Jackson is home to over one-fifth of Mississippi's population. The city sits on the <a href="/wiki/Pearl_River_(Mississippi%E2%80%93Louisiana)" title="Pearl River (Mississippi–Louisiana)">Pearl River</a> and is located in the greater <a href="/wiki/Jackson_Prairie" title="Jackson Prairie">Jackson Prairie</a> region of Mississippi. Jackson is the only city in Mississippi with a population exceeding 100,000 people. </p><p>Founded in 1821 as new state capital for Mississippi, Jackson is named after General <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson</a>, a war hero in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_New_Orleans" title="Battle of New Orleans">Battle of New Orleans</a> during the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a> and subsequently the seventh <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">U.S. president</a>. Following the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vicksburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Vicksburg">Battle of Vicksburg</a>, which was fought near Jackson during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> in 1863, <a href="/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">Union</a> forces commanded by General <a href="/wiki/William_Tecumseh_Sherman" title="William Tecumseh Sherman">William Tecumseh Sherman</a> launched the <a href="/wiki/Jackson_Expedition" class="mw-redirect" title="Jackson Expedition">siege of Jackson</a> and set the city on fire.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 1920s, Jackson surpassed <a href="/wiki/Meridian,_Mississippi" title="Meridian, Mississippi">Meridian</a> to become the most populous city in the state following a speculative <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a> boom in the region. The current slogan for the city is "The City with Soul".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has had numerous musicians prominent in <a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">blues</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gospel_music" title="Gospel music">gospel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">folk</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a>. The city is located in the <a href="/wiki/Deep_South" title="Deep South">deep south</a> halfway between <a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a> on <a href="/wiki/Interstate_55" title="Interstate 55">Interstate 55</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a> on <a href="/wiki/Interstate_20" title="Interstate 20">Interstate 20</a>. </p><p>The city has a number of museums and cultural institutions, including the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Children%27s_Museum" title="Mississippi Children's Museum">Mississippi Children's Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Museum_of_Natural_Science" title="Mississippi Museum of Natural Science">Mississippi Museum of Natural Science</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Civil_Rights_Museum" title="Mississippi Civil Rights Museum">Mississippi Civil Rights Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Museum_of_Art" title="Mississippi Museum of Art">Mississippi Museum of Art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Old_Mississippi_State_Capitol" title="Old Mississippi State Capitol">Old Capital Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Mississippi_History" title="Museum of Mississippi History">Museum of Mississippi History</a>. Other notable locations are the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Coliseum" title="Mississippi Coliseum">Mississippi Coliseum</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Veterans_Memorial_Stadium" title="Mississippi Veterans Memorial Stadium">Mississippi Veterans Memorial Stadium</a>, home of the <a href="/wiki/Jackson_State_Tigers_football" title="Jackson State Tigers football">Jackson State Tigers football</a> team. </p><p>In 2020, the Jackson metropolitan area held a <a href="/wiki/GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP</a> of 30 billion dollars, accounting for 29% of the state's total GDP of 104.1 billion dollars. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jackson,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Jackson,_Mississippi" title="Timeline of Jackson, Mississippi">Timeline of Jackson, Mississippi</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Choctaw-Nation.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Choctaw-Nation.png/220px-Choctaw-Nation.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Choctaw-Nation.png/330px-Choctaw-Nation.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Choctaw-Nation.png/440px-Choctaw-Nation.png 2x" data-file-width="987" data-file-height="1218" /></a><figcaption>The entire <a href="/wiki/Choctaw" title="Choctaw">Choctaw Nation</a>'s location and size compared to the <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">U.S. state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Founding_and_antebellum_period_(to_1860)"><span id="Founding_and_antebellum_period_.28to_1860.29"></span>Founding and antebellum period (to 1860)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jackson,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Founding and antebellum period (to 1860)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Andrew_Jackson.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Andrew_Jackson.jpg/220px-Andrew_Jackson.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Andrew_Jackson.jpg/330px-Andrew_Jackson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Andrew_Jackson.jpg/440px-Andrew_Jackson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="610" data-file-height="739" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">7th President of the United States</a> and the city's namesake</figcaption></figure> <p>Located on the historic <a href="/wiki/Natchez_Trace" title="Natchez Trace">Natchez Trace</a> trade route, created by Native Americans and used by European American settlers, and on the Pearl River, the city's first European American settler was Louis LeFleur, a <a href="/wiki/French-Canadian" class="mw-redirect" title="French-Canadian">French-Canadian</a> trader. The village became known as <a href="/wiki/LeFleur%27s_Bluff" class="mw-redirect" title="LeFleur's Bluff">LeFleur's Bluff</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-jackhist_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jackhist-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the late 18th century and early 19th century, this site had a <a href="/wiki/Trading_post" title="Trading post">trading post</a>. It was connected to markets in <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a>. Soldiers returning to Tennessee from the military campaigns near <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a> in 1815 built a public road that connected <a href="/wiki/Lake_Pontchartrain" title="Lake Pontchartrain">Lake Pontchartrain</a> in Louisiana to this district.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A United States treaty with the Choctaw, the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Doak%27s_Stand" title="Treaty of Doak's Stand">Treaty of Doak's Stand</a> in 1820, formally opened the area for non-Native American settlers. </p><p>LeFleur's Bluff was developed when it was chosen as the site for the new state's <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">capital city</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Legislature" title="Mississippi Legislature">Mississippi General Assembly</a> decided in 1821 that the state needed a centrally located capital (the legislature was then located in <a href="/wiki/Natchez,_Mississippi" title="Natchez, Mississippi">Natchez</a>). They commissioned <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hinds" title="Thomas Hinds">Thomas Hinds</a>, James Patton, and William Lattimore to look for a suitable site. The absolute center of the state was a swamp, so the group had to widen their search. </p><p>After surveying areas north and east of Jackson, they proceeded southwest along with the <a href="/wiki/Pearl_River_(Mississippi%E2%80%93Louisiana)" title="Pearl River (Mississippi–Louisiana)">Pearl River</a> until they reached LeFleur's Bluff in today's Hinds County.<sup id="cite_ref-jackhist_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jackhist-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their report to the General Assembly stated that this location had beautiful and healthful surroundings, good water, abundant timber, navigable waters, and proximity to the <a href="/wiki/Natchez_Trace" title="Natchez Trace">Natchez Trace</a>. The Assembly passed an act on November 28, 1821, authorizing the site as the permanent seat of the government of the state of Mississippi.<sup id="cite_ref-jackhist_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jackhist-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the same day, it passed a resolution to instruct the <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington</a> delegation to press <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a> for a donation of public lands on the river for improved navigation to the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One <a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig</a> politician lamented the new capital as a "serious violation of principle" because it was not at the absolute center of the state.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The capital was named for General <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson</a>, to honor his January 1815 victory at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_New_Orleans" title="Battle of New Orleans">Battle of New Orleans</a> during the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>. He was later elected as the seventh <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">president of the United States</a>. </p><p>The city of Jackson was originally planned, in April 1822, by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Aaron_Van_Dorn" title="Peter Aaron Van Dorn">Peter Aaron Van Dorn</a> in a "<a href="/wiki/Checkerboard" title="Checkerboard">checkerboard</a>" pattern advocated by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ancestrypeter_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ancestrypeter-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/City_block" title="City block">City blocks</a> alternated with parks and other open spaces. Over time, many of the park squares have been <a href="/wiki/Real_estate_development" title="Real estate development">developed</a> rather than maintained as <a href="/wiki/Urban_open_space" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban open space">green space</a>. The state legislature first met in Jackson on December 23, 1822. In 1839, the Mississippi Legislature passed the first state law in the U.S. to permit married women to own and administer their own property.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jackson was connected by public road to <a href="/wiki/Vicksburg,_Mississippi" title="Vicksburg, Mississippi">Vicksburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clinton,_Mississippi" title="Clinton, Mississippi">Clinton</a> in 1826.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jackson was first connected by railroad to other cities in 1840. An 1844 map shows Jackson linked by an east–west rail line running between Vicksburg, <a href="/wiki/Raymond,_Mississippi" title="Raymond, Mississippi">Raymond</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Brandon,_Mississippi" title="Brandon, Mississippi">Brandon</a>. Unlike Vicksburg, <a href="/wiki/Greenville,_Mississippi" title="Greenville, Mississippi">Greenville</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Natchez,_Mississippi" title="Natchez, Mississippi">Natchez</a>, Jackson is not located on the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a>, and it did not develop during the <a href="/wiki/Antebellum_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Antebellum era">antebellum era</a> as those cities did from major river commerce. The construction of railroad lines to the city sparked its growth in the decades following the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="American_Civil_War">American Civil War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jackson,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: American Civil War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jacksonsiege1863.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Jacksonsiege1863.jpg/220px-Jacksonsiege1863.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Jacksonsiege1863.jpg/330px-Jacksonsiege1863.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Jacksonsiege1863.jpg/440px-Jacksonsiege1863.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1292" data-file-height="1567" /></a><figcaption>September 1863 map of the siege of Jackson</figcaption></figure> <p>Despite its small population, during the Civil War, Jackson became a strategic center of manufacturing for the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederacy</a>. In 1863, during the military campaign which ended in the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Vicksburg" title="Siege of Vicksburg">capture of Vicksburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">Union</a> forces captured Jackson during two battles—once before the fall of Vicksburg and once after the fall of Vicksburg. </p><p>On May 13, 1863, Union forces won the first <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jackson,_Mississippi" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Jackson, Mississippi">Battle of Jackson</a>, forcing <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_Army" title="Confederate States Army">Confederate</a> forces to flee northward towards <a href="/wiki/Canton,_Mississippi" title="Canton, Mississippi">Canton</a>. On May 14, Union troops under the command of <a href="/wiki/William_Tecumseh_Sherman" title="William Tecumseh Sherman">William Tecumseh Sherman</a> burned and looted key facilities in Jackson, a strategic manufacturing and railroad center for the Confederacy.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After driving the Confederate forces out of Jackson, Union forces turned west and engaged the Vicksburg defenders at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Champion_Hill" title="Battle of Champion Hill">Battle of Champion Hill</a> in nearby <a href="/wiki/Edwards,_Mississippi" title="Edwards, Mississippi">Edwards</a>. The Union forces began their siege of Vicksburg soon after their victory at Champion Hill. Confederate forces began to reassemble in Jackson in preparation for an attempt to break through the Union lines surrounding Vicksburg and end the siege. The Confederate forces in Jackson built defensive <a href="/wiki/Fortification" title="Fortification">fortifications</a> encircling the city while preparing to march west to Vicksburg. </p><p>Confederate forces marched out of Jackson in early July 1863 to break the siege of Vicksburg. But, unknown to them, Vicksburg had already surrendered on July 4, 1863. General <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a> dispatched General Sherman to meet the Confederate forces heading west from Jackson. Upon learning that Vicksburg had already surrendered, the Confederates retreated into Jackson. Union forces began the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jackson" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Jackson">siege of Jackson</a>, which lasted for approximately one week. Union forces encircled the city and began an <a href="/wiki/Artillery" title="Artillery">artillery</a> bombardment. One of the Union artillery emplacements has been preserved on the grounds of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Mississippi_Medical_Center" title="University of Mississippi Medical Center">University of Mississippi Medical Center</a> in Jackson. <a href="/wiki/John_C._Breckinridge" title="John C. Breckinridge">John C. Breckinridge</a>, former United States <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">vice president</a>, served as one of the Confederate generals defending Jackson. On July 16, 1863, Confederate forces slipped out of Jackson during the night and retreated across the Pearl River. </p><p>Union forces completely burned the city after its capture this second time. The city was called "Chimneyville" because only the chimneys of houses were left standing.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The northern line of Confederate defenses in Jackson during the siege was located along a road near downtown Jackson, now known as Fortification Street. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jackson-StarsAndStripesHarpers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Jackson-StarsAndStripesHarpers.jpg/220px-Jackson-StarsAndStripesHarpers.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Jackson-StarsAndStripesHarpers.jpg/330px-Jackson-StarsAndStripesHarpers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Jackson-StarsAndStripesHarpers.jpg/440px-Jackson-StarsAndStripesHarpers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="326" /></a><figcaption>Engraving from <i><a href="/wiki/Harper%27s_Weekly" title="Harper's Weekly">Harper's Weekly</a></i>, June 20, 1863, after the capture of Jackson by Union forces during the American Civil War</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jackson_December_2018_37_(Old_Mississippi_State_Capitol).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Jackson_December_2018_37_%28Old_Mississippi_State_Capitol%29.jpg/220px-Jackson_December_2018_37_%28Old_Mississippi_State_Capitol%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Jackson_December_2018_37_%28Old_Mississippi_State_Capitol%29.jpg/330px-Jackson_December_2018_37_%28Old_Mississippi_State_Capitol%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Jackson_December_2018_37_%28Old_Mississippi_State_Capitol%29.jpg/440px-Jackson_December_2018_37_%28Old_Mississippi_State_Capitol%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Old_Mississippi_State_Capitol" title="Old Mississippi State Capitol">Mississippi Old Capitol</a>, downtown Jackson</figcaption></figure> <p>Because of the siege and following destruction, few <a href="/wiki/Antebellum_architecture" title="Antebellum architecture">antebellum</a> structures have survived in Jackson. The <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Governor%27s_Mansion" title="Mississippi Governor's Mansion">Governor's Mansion</a>, built in 1842, served as Sherman's headquarters and has been preserved. Another is the <a href="/wiki/Old_Mississippi_State_Capitol" title="Old Mississippi State Capitol">Old Capitol</a> building, which served as the home of the Mississippi state legislature from 1839 to 1903. The Mississippi legislature passed the ordinance of <a href="/wiki/Secession" title="Secession">secession</a> from the Union there on January 9, 1861, becoming the second state to secede from the United States. The <a href="/wiki/Jackson_City_Hall" title="Jackson City Hall">Jackson City Hall</a>, built in 1846 for less than $8,000, also survived. It is said that Sherman, a <a href="/wiki/Freemasonry" title="Freemasonry">Mason</a>, spared it because it housed a <a href="/wiki/Masonic_Lodge" class="mw-redirect" title="Masonic Lodge">Masonic Lodge</a>, though a more likely reason is that it housed an army hospital.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reconstruction">Reconstruction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jackson,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Reconstruction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_Era" class="mw-redirect" title="Reconstruction Era">Reconstruction</a>, African Americans were granted civil rights. Schools were established and African Americans held political offices. <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Welborne" title="Eugene Welborne">Eugene Welborne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Reese_(politician)" title="Charles Reese (politician)">Charles Reese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Weldon_Hicks" title="Weldon Hicks">Weldon Hicks</a>, and <a href="/wiki/George_Caldwell_Granberry" title="George Caldwell Granberry">George Caldwell Granberry</a> were among the legislators who represented Hinds County in the legislature. African Americans also served in local offices, as judges, and as marshalls. </p><p>Mississippi had considerable insurgent action, as whites struggled to maintain white supremacy. Jackson's appointed mayor <a href="/wiki/Joseph_G._Crane" title="Joseph G. Crane">Joseph G. Crane</a> was stabbed to death in 1869. The assailant, <a href="/wiki/Edward_M._Yerger" title="Edward M. Yerger">Edward M. Yerger</a>, was arrested by military authorities but, after a U.S. Supreme Court case (<a href="/wiki/Ex_parte_Yerger" title="Ex parte Yerger">Ex parte Yerger</a>), he was bonded out, moved to Baltimore and was never tried. </p><p>The economic recovery from the Civil War was slow through the start of the 20th century, but there were some developments in transportation. In 1871, the city introduced mule-drawn streetcars which ran on State Street, which were replaced by electric ones in 1899.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1875, the <a href="/wiki/Red_Shirts_(United_States)" title="Red Shirts (United States)">Red Shirts</a> were formed, one of the second waves of insurgent <a href="/wiki/Paramilitary" title="Paramilitary">paramilitary</a> organizations that essentially operated as "the military arm of the Democratic Party" to take back political power from the Republicans and to drive black people from the polls (<a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Plan" title="Mississippi Plan">Mississippi Plan</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-Reconstruction">Post-Reconstruction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jackson,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Post-Reconstruction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Democrats regained control of the state legislature in 1876. The constitutional convention of 1890, which produced Mississippi's Constitution of 1890, was held at the capitol.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was the first of new constitutions or amendments ratified in each Southern state through 1908 that effectively <a href="/wiki/Disenfranchisement_after_the_Reconstruction_Era" class="mw-redirect" title="Disenfranchisement after the Reconstruction Era">disenfranchised</a> most <a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">African Americans</a> and many poor whites, through provisions making voter registration more difficult: such as <a href="/wiki/Poll_taxes_in_the_United_States" title="Poll taxes in the United States">poll taxes</a>, residency requirements, and <a href="/wiki/Literacy_test" title="Literacy test">literacy tests</a>. These provisions survived a Supreme Court challenge in 1898.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As 20th-century Supreme Court decisions later ruled such provisions were unconstitutional, Mississippi and other Southern states rapidly devised new methods to continue disfranchisement of most black people, who comprised a majority in the state until the 1930s. Their exclusion from politics was maintained into the late 1960s. </p><p>The so-called <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_State_Capitol" title="Mississippi State Capitol">New Capitol</a> replaced the older structure upon its completion in 1903. Today the Old Capitol is operated as a historical museum.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_20th_century_(1901–1960)"><span id="Early_20th_century_.281901.E2.80.931960.29"></span>Early 20th century (1901–1960)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jackson,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Early 20th century (1901–1960)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jackson_Mississippi_Panorama_1910.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Jackson_Mississippi_Panorama_1910.jpg/1000px-Jackson_Mississippi_Panorama_1910.jpg" decoding="async" width="1000" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Jackson_Mississippi_Panorama_1910.jpg/1500px-Jackson_Mississippi_Panorama_1910.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Jackson_Mississippi_Panorama_1910.jpg/2000px-Jackson_Mississippi_Panorama_1910.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6261" data-file-height="983" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Panorama of downtown Jackson in 1910. The Old Capitol and Capitol Street can be seen at the center of the photo. The New Capital is at the left.</div></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1919_map_Jackson,_Mississippi_Automobile_Blue_Book.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/1919_map_Jackson%2C_Mississippi_Automobile_Blue_Book.jpg/220px-1919_map_Jackson%2C_Mississippi_Automobile_Blue_Book.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/1919_map_Jackson%2C_Mississippi_Automobile_Blue_Book.jpg/330px-1919_map_Jackson%2C_Mississippi_Automobile_Blue_Book.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/1919_map_Jackson%2C_Mississippi_Automobile_Blue_Book.jpg/440px-1919_map_Jackson%2C_Mississippi_Automobile_Blue_Book.jpg 2x" data-file-width="909" data-file-height="705" /></a><figcaption>Map of Jackson in 1919</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TownCreekMississippi1921.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/89/TownCreekMississippi1921.jpg/220px-TownCreekMississippi1921.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/89/TownCreekMississippi1921.jpg/330px-TownCreekMississippi1921.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/89/TownCreekMississippi1921.jpg/440px-TownCreekMississippi1921.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2359" /></a><figcaption>April 16, 1921, flood on Town Creek, a tributary of the Pearl River in Jackson. The photo is a view of East Capitol Street looking east from North Farish Street.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Standard_Life_Building_Jackson_MS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Standard_Life_Building_Jackson_MS.jpg/170px-Standard_Life_Building_Jackson_MS.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Standard_Life_Building_Jackson_MS.jpg/255px-Standard_Life_Building_Jackson_MS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Standard_Life_Building_Jackson_MS.jpg/340px-Standard_Life_Building_Jackson_MS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="6000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Standard_Life_Building" title="Standard Life Building">Standard Life Building</a> at night, downtown Jackson</figcaption></figure> <p>Author <a href="/wiki/Eudora_Welty" title="Eudora Welty">Eudora Welty</a> was born in Jackson in 1909, lived most of her life in the Belhaven section of the city, and died there in 2001. Her <a href="/wiki/Memoir" title="Memoir">memoir</a> of development as a writer, <i><a href="/wiki/One_Writer%27s_Beginnings" title="One Writer's Beginnings">One Writer's Beginnings</a></i> (1984), presented a picture of the city in the early 20th century. She won the <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a> in 1973 for her novel, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Optimist%27s_Daughter" title="The Optimist's Daughter">The Optimist's Daughter</a>,</i> and is best known for her novels and short stories. The main library of the <a href="/wiki/Jackson/Hinds_Library_System" title="Jackson/Hinds Library System">Jackson/Hinds Library System</a> was named in her honor,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and her home has been designated as a <a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Landmark" title="National Historic Landmark">National Historic Landmark</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Richard_Wright_(author)" title="Richard Wright (author)">Richard Wright</a>, a highly acclaimed African-American author, lived in Jackson as an adolescent and young man in the 1910s and 1920s. He related his experience in his memoir <i><a href="/wiki/Black_Boy" title="Black Boy">Black Boy</a></i> (1945). He described the harsh and largely terror-filled life most African Americans experienced in the South and Northern ghettos such as <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a> under <a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation_in_the_United_States" title="Racial segregation in the United States">segregation</a> in the early 20th century. </p><p>Jackson had significant growth in the early 20th century, which produced dramatic changes in the city's skyline. Jackson's new <a href="/wiki/Union_Station_(Jackson,_Mississippi)" title="Union Station (Jackson, Mississippi)">Union Station</a> downtown reflected the city's service by multiple rail lines, including the <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="Illinois Central">Illinois Central</a>. </p><p>Across the street, the new, luxurious <a href="/wiki/King_Edward_Hotel_(Jackson,_Mississippi)" title="King Edward Hotel (Jackson, Mississippi)">King Edward Hotel</a> opened its doors in 1923, having been built according to a design by New Orleans architect <a href="/wiki/William_T._Nolan" title="William T. Nolan">William T. Nolan</a>. It became a center for prestigious events held by Jackson society and Mississippi politicians. Nearby, the 18-story <a href="/wiki/Standard_Life_Building" title="Standard Life Building">Standard Life Building</a>, designed in 1929 by Claude Lindsley, was the largest reinforced concrete structure in the world upon its completion. </p><p>Jackson's economic growth was further stimulated in the 1930s by the discovery of <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a> fields nearby. Speculators had begun searching for oil and natural gas in Jackson beginning in 1920. The initial drilling attempts came up empty. This failure did not stop Ella Render from obtaining a lease from the state's insane asylum to begin a well on its grounds in 1924, where he found natural gas. (Render eventually lost the rights when courts determined that the asylum did not have the right to lease the state's property.) Businessmen jumped on the opportunity and dug wells in the Jackson area. The continued success of these ventures attracted further investment. By 1930, there were 14 derricks in the Jackson skyline. </p><p> Mississippi Governor <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Bilbo" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodore Bilbo">Theodore Bilbo</a> stated:<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>It is no idle dream to prophesy that the state's share [of the oil and natural gas profits] properly safe-guarded would soon pay the state's entire bonded indebtedness and even be great enough to defray all the state's expenses and make our state tax free so long as obligations are concerned.</p></blockquote> <p>This enthusiasm was subdued when the first wells failed to produce oil of a sufficiently high gravity for commercial success. The barrels of oil had considerable amounts of saltwater, which lessened the quality. The governor's prediction was wrong in hindsight, but the oil and natural gas industry did provide an economic boost for the city and state. The effects of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a> were mitigated by the industry's success. At its height in 1934, there were 113 producing wells in the state. The overwhelming majority were closed by 1955.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to provisions in the federal <a href="/wiki/Rivers_and_Harbors_Act" title="Rivers and Harbors Act">Rivers and Harbors Act</a>, on October 25, 1930, city leaders met with U.S. Army engineers to ask for federal help to alleviate Jackson flooding.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> J.J. Halbert, city engineer, proposed a straightening and dredging of the <a href="/wiki/Pearl_River_(Mississippi%E2%80%93Louisiana)" title="Pearl River (Mississippi–Louisiana)">Pearl River</a> below Jackson.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Jackson's_Gold_Coast"><span id="Jackson.27s_Gold_Coast"></span>Jackson's Gold Coast</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jackson,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Jackson's Gold Coast"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During Mississippi's extended <a href="/wiki/Prohibition_in_the_United_States" title="Prohibition in the United States">Prohibition</a> period, from the 1920s until the 1960s, illegal drinking and gambling casinos flourished on the east side of the Pearl River, in <a href="/wiki/Flowood,_Mississippi" title="Flowood, Mississippi">Flowood</a> along with the original <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_80" title="U.S. Route 80">U.S. Route 80</a> just across from the city of Jackson. Those illegal casinos, bootleg liquor stores, and nightclubs made up the Gold Coast, a strip of mostly <a href="/wiki/Black-market" class="mw-redirect" title="Black-market">black-market</a> businesses that operated for decades along Flowood Road. Although outside the law, the Gold Coast was a thriving center of nightlife and music, with many local blues musicians appearing regularly in the clubs. </p><p>The Gold Coast declined and businesses disappeared after Mississippi's prohibition laws were repealed in 1966, allowing Hinds County, including Jackson, to go "wet".<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, <a href="/wiki/Racial_integration" title="Racial integration">integration</a> drew off business from establishments that earlier had catered to African Americans, such as the <a href="/wiki/Summers_Hotel_and_Subway_Lounge" title="Summers Hotel and Subway Lounge">Summers Hotel</a>. When it opened in 1943 on Pearl Street, it was one of two hotels in the city that served black clients. For years its Subway Lounge was a prime performance spot for black musicians playing jazz and blues. </p><p>In another major change, in 1990 the state-approved gaming on riverboats.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Numerous casinos have been developed on riverboats, mostly in <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Delta" title="Mississippi Delta">Mississippi Delta</a> towns such as <a href="/wiki/Tunica_Resorts" class="mw-redirect" title="Tunica Resorts">Tunica Resorts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greenville,_Mississippi" title="Greenville, Mississippi">Greenville</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vicksburg,_Mississippi" title="Vicksburg, Mississippi">Vicksburg</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Biloxi,_Mississippi" title="Biloxi, Mississippi">Biloxi</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="Gulf Coast of the United States">Gulf Coast</a>. Before the damage and losses due to <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Katrina" title="Hurricane Katrina">Hurricane Katrina</a> in 2005, the state ranked second nationally in gambling revenues<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="World_War_II_and_later_development">World War II and later development</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jackson,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: World War II and later development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hawkins_Field_(airport)" title="Hawkins Field (airport)">Hawkins Field</a> (at that time, also known as the Jackson Army Airbase) the American 21st, 309th, and 310th Bomber Groups that were stationed at the base were re-deployed for combat.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of the Netherlands">German invasion of the Netherlands</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies_campaign" title="Dutch East Indies campaign">Japanese invasion of the Dutch East Indies</a>, between 688 and 800 members of the Dutch Airforce escaped to the UK or Australia for training and, out of necessity, were eventually given permission by the United States to make use of Hawkins Field.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From May 1942 until the end of the war, all Dutch military aircrews trained at the base and went on to serve in either the British or Australian Air Forces.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1949, the poet <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Walker" title="Margaret Walker">Margaret Walker</a> began teaching at <a href="/wiki/Jackson_State_University" title="Jackson State University">Jackson State University</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Historically_black_college" class="mw-redirect" title="Historically black college">historically black college</a>. She taught there until 1979 and founded the university's Center for African-American Studies. Her poetry collection won a <a href="/wiki/Yale_Younger_Poets_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="Yale Younger Poets Prize">Yale Younger Poets Prize</a>. Her second novel, <i><a href="/wiki/Jubilee_(novel)" title="Jubilee (novel)">Jubilee</a></i> (1966), is considered a major work of African-American literature. She has influenced many younger writers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Civil_rights_movement_in_Jackson">Civil rights movement in Jackson</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jackson,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Civil rights movement in Jackson"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights movement</a> had been active for decades, particularly mounting legal challenges to Mississippi's constitution and laws that disfranchised black people. Beginning in 1960, Jackson as the state capital became the site for dramatic non-violent protests in a new phase of activism that brought in a wide variety of participants in the performance of mass demonstrations. </p><p>In 1960, the U.S. Census Bureau reported Jackson's population as 64.3% white and 35.7% black.<sup id="cite_ref-census1_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census1-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time, public facilities were segregated and <a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow" class="mw-redirect" title="Jim Crow">Jim Crow</a> was in effect. Efforts to <a href="/wiki/Desegregation_in_the_United_States" title="Desegregation in the United States">desegregate</a> Jackson facilities began when nine <a href="/wiki/Tougaloo_College" title="Tougaloo College">Tougaloo College</a> students tried to read books in the "white only" public library and were arrested. Founded as a <a href="/wiki/Historically_black_college" class="mw-redirect" title="Historically black college">historically black college</a> (HBCU) by the <a href="/wiki/American_Missionary_Association" title="American Missionary Association">American Missionary Association</a> after the Civil War, <a href="/wiki/Tougaloo_College" title="Tougaloo College">Tougaloo College</a> helped organize both black and white students of the region to work together for civil rights. It created partnerships with the neighboring mostly white <a href="/wiki/Millsaps_College" title="Millsaps College">Millsaps College</a> to work with student activists. It has been recognized as a site on the "Civil Rights Trail" by the <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jackson_December_2018_20_(Old_Greyhound_Bus_Station).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Jackson_December_2018_20_%28Old_Greyhound_Bus_Station%29.jpg/220px-Jackson_December_2018_20_%28Old_Greyhound_Bus_Station%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Jackson_December_2018_20_%28Old_Greyhound_Bus_Station%29.jpg/330px-Jackson_December_2018_20_%28Old_Greyhound_Bus_Station%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Jackson_December_2018_20_%28Old_Greyhound_Bus_Station%29.jpg/440px-Jackson_December_2018_20_%28Old_Greyhound_Bus_Station%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Old_Greyhound_Bus_Station_(Jackson,_Mississippi)" title="Old Greyhound Bus Station (Jackson, Mississippi)">Old Greyhound Bus Station</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The mass demonstrations of the 1960s were initiated with the arrival of more than 300 <a href="/wiki/Freedom_Riders" title="Freedom Riders">Freedom Riders</a> on May 24, 1961. They were arrested in Jackson for <a href="/wiki/Breach_of_the_peace" title="Breach of the peace">disturbing the peace</a> after they disembarked from their interstate buses. The interracial teams rode the buses from <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, and sat together to demonstrate against segregation on public transportation, as the Constitution provides for unrestricted public transportation.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the Freedom Riders had intended <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a> as their final destination, Jackson was the farthest that any managed to travel. New participants kept joining the movement, as they intended to fill the jails in Jackson with their protest. The riders had encountered extreme violence along the way, including a bus burning and physical assaults. They attracted national media attention to the struggle for constitutional rights. </p><p>After the Freedom Rides, students and activists of the Freedom Movement launched a series of merchant <a href="/wiki/Boycott" title="Boycott">boycotts</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sit-ins and protest marches,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from 1961 to 1963. Businesses discriminated against black customers. For instance, at the time, department stores did not hire black salesclerks or allow black customers to use their fitting rooms to try on clothes, or lunch counters for meals while in the store, but they wanted them to shop in their stores. </p><p>In Jackson, shortly after midnight on June 12, 1963, <a href="/wiki/Medgar_Evers" title="Medgar Evers">Medgar Evers</a>, civil rights activist and leader of the Mississippi chapter of the <a href="/wiki/NAACP" title="NAACP">NAACP</a>, was assassinated by <a href="/wiki/Byron_De_La_Beckwith" title="Byron De La Beckwith">Byron De La Beckwith</a>, a <a href="/wiki/White_supremacist" class="mw-redirect" title="White supremacist">white supremacist</a> associated with the <a href="/wiki/White_Citizens%27_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="White Citizens' Council">White Citizens' Council</a>. Thousands marched in Evers' funeral procession to protest the killing.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two trials at the time both resulted in <a href="/wiki/Hung_jury" title="Hung jury">hung juries</a>. A portion of <a href="/wiki/U.S._Highway_49" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Highway 49">U.S. Highway 49</a>, all of Delta Drive, a library, the central post office for the city, and <a href="/wiki/Jackson%E2%80%93Evers_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Jackson–Evers International Airport">Jackson–Evers International Airport</a> were named in honor of Medgar Evers. In 1994, prosecutors Ed Peters and <a href="/wiki/Bobby_DeLaughter" title="Bobby DeLaughter">Bobby DeLaughter</a> finally obtained a murder conviction in a state trial of De La Beckwith based on new evidence.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During 1963 and 1964, civil rights organizers gathered residents for voter education and <a href="/wiki/Voter_registration" title="Voter registration">voter registration</a>. Black people had been essentially disfranchised since 1890. In a pilot project in 1963, activists rapidly registered 80,000 voters across the state, demonstrating the desire of African Americans to vote. In 1964 they created the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Freedom_Democratic_Party" title="Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party">Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party</a> as an alternative to the all-white state Democratic Party, and sent an alternate slate of candidates to the national Democratic Party convention in <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey" title="Atlantic City, New Jersey">Atlantic City</a>, New Jersey, that year. </p><p>Segregation and the disfranchisement of African Americans gradually ended after the Civil Rights Movement gained Congressional passage of the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964" title="Civil Rights Act of 1964">Civil Rights Act of 1964</a> and <a href="/wiki/Voting_Rights_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Voting Rights Act">Voting Rights Act</a> of 1965. In June 1966, Jackson was the terminus of the James Meredith March, organized by <a href="/wiki/James_Meredith" title="James Meredith">James Meredith</a>, the first <a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">African American</a> to enroll at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Mississippi" title="University of Mississippi">University of Mississippi</a>. The march, which began in <a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis</a>, Tennessee, was an attempt to garner support for full implementation of civil rights in practice, following the legislation. It was accompanied by a new drive to register African Americans to vote in Mississippi. In this latter goal, it succeeded in registering between 2,500 and 3,000 black Mississippians to vote. The march ended on June 26 after Meredith, who had been wounded by a sniper's bullet earlier on the march, addressed a large rally of some 15,000 people in Jackson. </p><p>In September 1967 a <a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a> chapter bombed the synagogue of the <a href="/wiki/Congregation_Beth_Israel_(Jackson,_Mississippi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregation Beth Israel (Jackson, Mississippi)">Beth Israel Congregation</a> in Jackson, and in November bombed the house of its rabbi, Dr. <a href="/wiki/Congregation_Beth_Israel_(Jackson,_Mississippi)#Perry_Nussbaum_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregation Beth Israel (Jackson, Mississippi)">Perry Nussbaum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BethIsrael_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BethIsrael-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He and his congregation had supported civil rights. </p><p>Gradually the old barriers came down. Since that period, both whites and <a href="/wiki/Black_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Americans">Black Americans</a> in the state have had a consistently high rate of voter registration and turnout. Following the decades of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Migration_(African_American)" title="Great Migration (African American)">Great Migration</a>, when more than one million black people left the rural South, since the 1930s the state has been majority white in total population. African Americans are a majority in the city of Jackson, although the metropolitan area is majority white. African Americans are also a majority in several cities and counties of the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Delta" title="Mississippi Delta">Mississippi Delta</a>, which are included in the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Mississippi's 2nd congressional district">2nd congressional district</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The other three congressional districts are majority white. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mid-1960s_to_present">Mid-1960s to present</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jackson,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Mid-1960s to present"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first successful cadaveric <a href="/wiki/Lung" title="Lung">lung</a> <a href="/wiki/Organ_transplantation" title="Organ transplantation">transplant</a> was performed at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Mississippi_Medical_Center" title="University of Mississippi Medical Center">University of Mississippi Medical Center</a> in Jackson in June 1963 by Dr. <a href="/wiki/James_Hardy_(surgeon)" title="James Hardy (surgeon)">James Hardy</a>. Hardy transplanted the cadaveric lung into a patient suffering from lung cancer. The patient survived for eighteen days before dying of <a href="/wiki/Kidney_failure" title="Kidney failure">kidney failure</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1966 it was estimated that recurring flood damage at Jackson from the Pearl River averaged nearly a million dollars per year. The <a href="/wiki/U.S._Army_Corps_of_Engineers" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Army Corps of Engineers">U.S. Army Corps of Engineers</a> spent $6.8 million on <a href="/wiki/Levee" title="Levee">levees</a> and a new channel in 1966 before the project completion to prevent a flood equal to the December 1961 event plus an additional foot.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 1968, Jackson has been the home of <a href="/wiki/Malaco_Records" title="Malaco Records">Malaco Records</a>, one of the leading record companies for <a href="/wiki/Gospel_music" title="Gospel music">gospel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">blues</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Soul_music" title="Soul music">soul music</a> in the United States. In January 1973, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Simon" title="Paul Simon">Paul Simon</a> recorded the songs "Learn How to Fall" and "Take Me to the Mardi Gras", found on the album <i><a href="/wiki/There_Goes_Rhymin%27_Simon" title="There Goes Rhymin' Simon">There Goes Rhymin' Simon</a></i>, in Jackson at the Malaco Recording Studios. Many well-known Southern artists recorded on the album, including the <a href="/wiki/Muscle_Shoals_Rhythm_Section" title="Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section">Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section</a> (David Hood, Jimmy Johnson, Roger Hawkins, Barry Beckett), <a href="/wiki/Carson_Whitsett" title="Carson Whitsett">Carson Whitsett</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Onward_Brass_Band" title="Onward Brass Band">Onward Brass Band</a> from New Orleans, and others. The label has recorded many leading soul and blues artists, including <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Bland" title="Bobby Bland">Bobby Bland</a>, <a href="/wiki/ZZ_Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="ZZ Hill">ZZ Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latimore_(musician)" title="Latimore (musician)">Latimore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shirley_Brown" title="Shirley Brown">Shirley Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denise_LaSalle" title="Denise LaSalle">Denise LaSalle</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tyrone_Davis" title="Tyrone Davis">Tyrone Davis</a>. </p><p>On May 15, 1970, <a href="/wiki/Jackson_Police_Department_(Mississippi)" title="Jackson Police Department (Mississippi)">Jackson police</a> killed two students and wounded twelve at <a href="/wiki/Jackson_State_University" title="Jackson State University">Jackson State College</a> after a protest of the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> included students' overturning and burning some cars. These killings occurred eleven days after the <a href="/wiki/National_Guard_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="National Guard of the United States">National Guard</a> killed four students in an anti-war protest at <a href="/wiki/Kent_State_University" title="Kent State University">Kent State University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a>, and were part of national social unrest.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a></i> cited the Jackson State killings in its issue of May 18 when it suggested that U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> faced a new <a href="/wiki/Home_front" title="Home front">home front</a>. </p><p>The influx of illegal drugs occurred nationally as smugglers used the highways, seaports, and airports of the Gulf region.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1980s in Jackson were dominated by Mayor <a href="/wiki/Dale_Danks" title="Dale Danks">Dale Danks Jr.</a> until he was unseated by lawyer and legislator <a href="/wiki/J._Kane_Ditto" title="J. Kane Ditto">J. Kane Ditto</a>, who criticized the deficit funding and the politicized police department of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Federal investigations of drug trafficking at Jackson's <a href="/wiki/Hawkins_Field_(airport)" title="Hawkins Field (airport)">Hawkins Field airport</a> were a part of the <i>Kerry Report,</i> the 1986 U.S. Senate investigation of public corruption and foreign relations.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As Jackson has become the medical and legal center of the state, it has attracted <a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a> professionals in both fields. Since the late 20th century, it has developed the largest <a href="/wiki/American_Jews" title="American Jews">Jewish community</a> in the state.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1997, <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Johnson,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Harvey Johnson, Jr.">Harvey Johnson, Jr.</a> was elected as Jackson's first African-American mayor. During his term, he proposed the development of a <a href="/wiki/Convention_center" title="Convention center">convention center</a> to attract more business to the city. In 2004, during his second term, 66 percent of the voters passed a referendum for a tax to build the Convention Center.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mayor Johnson was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Frank_Melton" title="Frank Melton">Frank Melton</a> on July 4, 2005. Melton generated controversy through his unconventional behavior, which included acting as a law enforcement officer. A dramatic spike in crime ensued during his term, despite Melton's efforts to reduce crime. The lack of jobs contributed to climb.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2006 a young African-American businessman, Starsky Darnell Redd, was convicted of <a href="/wiki/Money_laundering" title="Money laundering">money laundering</a> in federal court along with his mother, other associates, and Billy Tucker, the former airport security chief.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2007, <a href="/wiki/Hinds_County,_Mississippi" title="Hinds County, Mississippi">Hinds County</a> sheriff Malcolm McMillin was appointed as the new police chief in Jackson, setting a historic precedent. McMillin was both the <a href="/wiki/County_sheriff" class="mw-redirect" title="County sheriff">county sheriff</a> and city police chief until 2009, when he stepped down due to disagreements with the mayor. Mayor Frank Melton died in May 2009, and City Councilman Leslie McLemore served as acting mayor of Jackson until July 2009, when former Mayor Harvey Johnson was elected and assumed the position.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On June 26, 2011, 49-year-old <a href="/wiki/Murder_of_James_Craig_Anderson" title="Murder of James Craig Anderson">James Craig Anderson</a> was killed in Jackson after being beaten, robbed, and run over by a group of white teenagers. The district attorney described it as a "<a href="/wiki/Hate_crime" title="Hate crime">hate crime</a>", and the <a href="/wiki/FBI" class="mw-redirect" title="FBI">FBI</a> investigated it as a civil rights violation.<sup id="cite_ref-Sperling_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sperling-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Severson0822_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Severson0822-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ap0822_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ap0822-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On March 18, 2013, a severe <a href="/wiki/Hail" title="Hail">hailstorm</a> hit the Jackson metro area. The hail caused major damage to roofs, vehicles, and building siding. Hail ranged in size from golfball to softball. There were more than 40,000 hailstorm claims of homeowner and automobile damage.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2013, Jackson was named as one of the top 10 friendliest cities in the United States by <i>CN Traveler</i>. The capital city was tied with <a href="/wiki/Natchez,_Mississippi" title="Natchez, Mississippi">Natchez</a> as Number 7. The city was noticed for friendly people, great food, and green and pretty public places.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On July 1, 2013, <a href="/wiki/Chokwe_Lumumba" title="Chokwe Lumumba">Chokwe Lumumba</a> was sworn into office as mayor of the city. After eight months in office, Lumumba died on February 25, 2014. Lumumba was a popular yet controversial figure due to his prior membership in the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_New_Afrika" title="Republic of New Afrika">Republic of New Afrika</a>, as well as being a co-founder of the <a href="/wiki/National_Coalition_of_Blacks_for_Reparations_in_America" title="National Coalition of Blacks for Reparations in America">National Coalition of Blacks for Reparations in America</a>. </p><p>Lumumba's son, <a href="/wiki/Chokwe_Antar_Lumumba" title="Chokwe Antar Lumumba">Chokwe Antar Lumumba</a>, ran for the mayoral seat following his father's death, but lost to Councillor <a href="/wiki/Tony_Yarber" title="Tony Yarber">Tony Yarber</a> on April 22, 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, however, Chokwe Antar Lumumba ran for mayor again, and won. Following his victory, on June 26 he was interviewed by Amy Goodman on <i><a href="/wiki/Democracy_Now!" title="Democracy Now!">Democracy Now!</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at which time he declared a commitment to make Jackson the "Most Radical City on the Planet". </p><p>For several years, the city water supply failed to meet <a href="/wiki/Safe_Drinking_Water_Act#National_Primary_Drinking_Water_Regulations" title="Safe Drinking Water Act">federal drinking water standards</a> and was subject to many <a href="/wiki/Boil_water_order" class="mw-redirect" title="Boil water order">boil water orders</a> in 2021 and 2022. Due to deteriorating water infrastructure, some parts of the city experienced low water pressure, and in some neighborhoods residents reported untreated sewage flowing in city streets.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 2022, Jackson <a href="/wiki/Jackson,_Mississippi_water_crisis" title="Jackson, Mississippi water crisis">lost access to water</a> when its largest water treatment plant failed, leaving tap water untreated.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jackson,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jackson_Mississippi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Jackson_Mississippi.jpg/220px-Jackson_Mississippi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Jackson_Mississippi.jpg/330px-Jackson_Mississippi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Jackson_Mississippi.jpg/440px-Jackson_Mississippi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Photograph of Jackson Mississippi taken from the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The city of Jackson is located primarily in northeastern Hinds County. Jackson also includes around 3,000 acres (12.1 km<sup>2</sup>) in <a href="/wiki/Rankin_County,_Mississippi" title="Rankin County, Mississippi">Rankin County</a> comprising <a href="/wiki/Jackson%E2%80%93Medgar_Wiley_Evers_International_Airport" title="Jackson–Medgar Wiley Evers International Airport">Jackson-Medgar Evers International Airport</a> and a small portion of <a href="/wiki/Madison_County,_Mississippi" title="Madison County, Mississippi">Madison County</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Pearl_River_(Mississippi%E2%80%93Louisiana)" title="Pearl River (Mississippi–Louisiana)">Pearl River</a> forms most of the eastern border of the city. A small portion of the city containing <a href="/wiki/Tougaloo_College" title="Tougaloo College">Tougaloo College</a> is the portion of Jackson that lies in Madison County, bounded on the west by <a href="/wiki/Interstate_220_(Mississippi)" title="Interstate 220 (Mississippi)">Interstate 220</a> and on the east by the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_51" title="U.S. Route 51">U.S. Route 51</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_55" title="Interstate 55">Interstate 55</a>. In the 2010 census, only 622 of the city's residents lived in Madison County,<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and only 1 lived within the city limits in Rankin County.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city is bordered to the north by <a href="/wiki/Ridgeland,_Mississippi" title="Ridgeland, Mississippi">Ridgeland</a> in Madison County, to the northeast by <a href="/wiki/Ross_Barnett_Reservoir" title="Ross Barnett Reservoir">Ross Barnett Reservoir</a> on the Pearl River, to the east by <a href="/wiki/Flowood,_Mississippi" title="Flowood, Mississippi">Flowood</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richland,_Mississippi" title="Richland, Mississippi">Richland</a> in Rankin County, to the south by <a href="/wiki/Byram,_Mississippi" title="Byram, Mississippi">Byram</a> in Hinds County, and to the west by <a href="/wiki/Clinton,_Mississippi" title="Clinton, Mississippi">Clinton</a> in Hinds County. </p><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>, the city has a total area of 113.2 square miles (293.3 km<sup>2</sup>), of which 111.0 square miles (287.6 km<sup>2</sup>) are land and 2.2 square miles (5.7 km<sup>2</sup>), or 1.94% of the total, are water.<sup id="cite_ref-Census_2010_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census_2010-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cityscape">Cityscape</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jackson,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Cityscape"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Downtown_Jackson_June_2020.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Downtown_Jackson_June_2020.jpg/324px-Downtown_Jackson_June_2020.jpg" decoding="async" width="324" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Downtown_Jackson_June_2020.jpg/486px-Downtown_Jackson_June_2020.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Downtown_Jackson_June_2020.jpg/648px-Downtown_Jackson_June_2020.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="1908" /></a><figcaption>Downtown Jackson from Mississippi Baptist Hospital in June 2020</figcaption></figure> <p>Downtown Jackson is situated directly on the banks of the Pearl River. The downtown district has direct connections to both Interstate 55 via Pearl Street and Pasagoula Street and Interstate 20 via State Street (US 51). Much of the downtown was constructed before the 1980s and only small additions to the skyline have been made since then. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geology">Geology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jackson,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For the most part, Jackson is built on acidic, variably drained silt loam <a href="/wiki/Soil" title="Soil">soil</a>. <a href="/wiki/Loess" title="Loess">Loess</a> forms the topsoil in western sections, where the Loring soil series is common. The Tippo series, also a silt loam, is found in the central flood plain. Farther east, common soil series include Guyton silt loam, Providence silt loam and Smithdale fine sandy loam.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jackson_gas_wells_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Jackson_gas_wells_map.png/220px-Jackson_gas_wells_map.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Jackson_gas_wells_map.png/330px-Jackson_gas_wells_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Jackson_gas_wells_map.png/440px-Jackson_gas_wells_map.png 2x" data-file-width="695" data-file-height="571" /></a><figcaption>Jackson structure map</figcaption></figure> <p>Jackson sits atop the extinct <a href="/wiki/Jackson_Volcano" title="Jackson Volcano">Jackson Volcano</a>, located 2,900 feet (880 m) underground. It is the only capital city in the United States to have this feature. The buried peak of the volcano is located directly below the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Coliseum" title="Mississippi Coliseum">Mississippi Coliseum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Jackson_Volcano_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jackson_Volcano-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The municipality is drained on the west by tributaries of the <a href="/wiki/Big_Black_River_(Mississippi)" title="Big Black River (Mississippi)">Big Black River</a> and on the east by the Pearl River, which is 150 feet (46 m) higher than the Big Black near <a href="/wiki/Canton,_Mississippi" title="Canton, Mississippi">Canton</a>. The artesian groundwater flow is not as extensive in Jackson for this reason. The first large-scale well was drilled in the city in 1896, and the city water supply has relied on surface water resources.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jackson,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jackson is located in the <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a> zone (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a> <i>Cfa</i>). Rain occurs throughout the year, though the winter and spring are the wettest seasons, while September and October are usually the driest months. Snow is rare, and accumulation very seldom lasts more than a day.<sup id="cite_ref-NCDC_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCDC-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Average annual precipitation is 57.35 inches (1,457 mm), see climate table.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Much of Jackson's rainfall occurs during thunderstorms. Thunder is heard on roughly 70 days each year. Jackson lies in a region prone to <a href="/wiki/Severe_thunderstorm" class="mw-redirect" title="Severe thunderstorm">severe thunderstorms</a> which can produce large <a href="/wiki/Hail" title="Hail">hail</a>, damaging winds, and <a href="/wiki/Tornado" title="Tornado">tornadoes</a>. Among the most notable tornado events was the F5 <a href="/wiki/Candlestick_Park_tornado" class="mw-redirect" title="Candlestick Park tornado">Candlestick Park tornado</a> on March 3, 1966, which destroyed the shopping center of the same name and surrounding businesses and residential areas, killing 19 in South Jackson. </p><p>The record low temperature is −5 °F (−21 °C), set on January 27, 1940,<sup id="cite_ref-NOWData_Jackson,_MS_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOWData_Jackson,_MS-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the record high is 107 °F (42 °C), recorded on September 6–7, 1925, July 29, 1930, and August 30, 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-NOWData_Jackson,_MS_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOWData_Jackson,_MS-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for <a href="/wiki/Jackson%E2%80%93Evers_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Jackson–Evers International Airport">Jackson–Evers International Airport</a>, Mississippi (1991–2020 normals,<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> extremes 1896–present)<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">85<br />(29) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89<br />(32) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">95<br />(35) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">94<br />(34) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">100<br />(38) </td> <td style="background: #FF0300; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">105<br />(41) </td> <td style="background: #F80000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">107<br />(42) </td> <td style="background: #F80000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">107<br />(42) </td> <td style="background: #F80000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">107<br />(42) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">98<br />(37) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89<br />(32) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84<br />(29) </td> <td style="background: #F80000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">107<br />(42) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75.2<br />(24.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.6<br />(25.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">83.5<br />(28.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">86.8<br />(30.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91.9<br />(33.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF2900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">95.9<br />(35.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF2100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">98.0<br />(36.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">98.6<br />(37.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">95.6<br />(35.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89.7<br />(32.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81.7<br />(27.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76.7<br />(24.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF1A00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">99.7<br />(37.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57.4<br />(14.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.0<br />(16.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8E1E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.4<br />(20.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76.5<br />(24.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">83.8<br />(28.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89.9<br />(32.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF3700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">92.1<br />(33.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">92.2<br />(33.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87.8<br />(31.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.3<br />(25.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF962E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.2<br />(19.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.6<br />(15.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">76.4<br />(24.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFE4CA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.0<br />(8.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD5AC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50.9<br />(10.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57.9<br />(14.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64.9<br />(18.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8104; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72.9<br />(22.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">79.6<br />(26.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82.1<br />(27.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81.8<br />(27.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76.9<br />(24.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.2<br />(19.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55.4<br />(13.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFDCBA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.1<br />(9.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3C; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">65.4<br />(18.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.6<br />(2.6) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39.8<br />(4.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46.4<br />(8.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53.3<br />(11.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.1<br />(16.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8E1E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.4<br />(20.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8409; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72.2<br />(22.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF870F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71.5<br />(21.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.0<br />(18.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC993; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.2<br />(12.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43.6<br />(6.4) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38.7<br />(3.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC790; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">54.5<br />(12.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.2<br />(−7.1) </td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.5<br />(−4.7) </td> <td style="background: #DCDCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.6<br />(−1.9) </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.7<br />(2.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4CA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46.9<br />(8.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.4<br />(15.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9E3E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.3<br />(18.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA44A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.6<br />(17.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.7<br />(10.9) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.8<br />(2.7) </td> <td style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.3<br />(−2.6) </td> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.9<br />(−5.1) </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">17.6<br />(−8.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #7575FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5<br />(−21) </td> <td style="background: #8A8AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1<br />(−17) </td> <td style="background: #B6B6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15<br />(−9) </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27<br />(−3) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36<br />(2) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47<br />(8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51<br />(11) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54<br />(12) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35<br />(2) </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26<br />(−3) </td> <td style="background: #B6B6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15<br />(−9) </td> <td style="background: #9090FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4<br />(−16) </td> <td style="background: #7575FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−5<br />(−21) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> inches (mm) </th> <td style="background: #31FF31; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.42<br />(138) </td> <td style="background: #2AFF2A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.10<br />(130) </td> <td style="background: #28FF28; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.68<br />(144) </td> <td style="background: #1BFF1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.84<br />(148) </td> <td style="background: #59FF59; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.36<br />(111) </td> <td style="background: #50FF50; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.43<br />(113) </td> <td style="background: #40FF40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.02<br />(128) </td> <td style="background: #4DFF4D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.69<br />(119) </td> <td style="background: #77FF77; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.48<br />(88) </td> <td style="background: #6EFF6E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.80<br />(97) </td> <td style="background: #52FF52; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.40<br />(112) </td> <td style="background: #3DFF3D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.13<br />(130) </td> <td style="background: #46FF46; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">57.35<br />(1,457) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowfall inches (cm) </th> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1<br />(0.25) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1<br />(0.25) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.4<br />(1.0) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">0.6<br />(1.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.01 in)</span> </th> <td style="background: #8686FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8 </td> <td style="background: #7D7DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6 </td> <td style="background: #8484FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.9 </td> <td style="background: #9191FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6 </td> <td style="background: #9191FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9 </td> <td style="background: #8282FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8 </td> <td style="background: #7373FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3 </td> <td style="background: #7C7CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6 </td> <td style="background: #AAAAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6 </td> <td style="background: #A7A7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1 </td> <td style="background: #9292FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.5 </td> <td style="background: #8686FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8 </td> <td style="background: #8B8BFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">110.5 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.1 in)</span> </th> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 </td> <td style="background: #FEFEFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">0.5 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000DA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76.2 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73.2 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71.1 </td> <td style="background: #0000EC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000E3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000E4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000D6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77.3 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000D9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">74.8 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #C6C601; color:#000000;" class="notheme">154.5 </td> <td style="background: #D2D200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">165.3 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">223.5 </td> <td style="background: #E5E500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">251.1 </td> <td style="background: #E9E900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">276.2 </td> <td style="background: #F0F010; color:#000000;" class="notheme">298.5 </td> <td style="background: #EAEA02; color:#000000;" class="notheme">283.4 </td> <td style="background: #E8E800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">273.1 </td> <td style="background: #E0E000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">232.7 </td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">235.2 </td> <td style="background: #D1D100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">174.0 </td> <td style="background: #C5C507; color:#000000;" class="notheme">152.1 </td> <td style="background: #DEDE00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,719.6 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Percent <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">possible sunshine</a> </th> <td style="background: #FBFB2A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF5B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF70; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF70; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF84; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF70; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF74; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF68; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF78; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF47; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55 </td> <td style="background: #FDFD2E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF5F; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">61 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/NOAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NOAA">NOAA</a> (relative humidity and sun 1961–1990)<sup id="cite_ref-NCDC_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCDC-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NOWData_Jackson,_MS_71-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOWData_Jackson,_MS-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-noaasun_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-noaasun-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jackson,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224496135">.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop{border-spacing:1px;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:0.3em;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop caption{background-color:lavender;color:black;padding-right:0.2em;padding-left:0.2em;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop th[scope=col]{border-bottom:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(2){text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td.us-census-pop-estimate{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(3){padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(4){padding-left:0.5em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-footnote{border-top:1px solid black;font-size:85%;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-right{float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-none{float:none;margin:0 1em 1em 0}}</style> <table class="us-census-pop us-census-pop-right"> <caption>Historical population</caption> <tbody><tr><th scope="col">Census</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></th><th scope="col"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="sr-only">Note</span></th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Percent change">%±</abbr></th></tr> <tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1850_United_States_census" title="1850 United States census">1850</a></th><td>1,881</td><td></td><td>—</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_census" title="1860 United States census">1860</a></th><td>3,191</td><td></td><td>69.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1870_United_States_census" title="1870 United States census">1870</a></th><td>4,234</td><td></td><td>32.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_census" title="1880 United States census">1880</a></th><td>5,204</td><td></td><td>22.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1890_United_States_census" title="1890 United States census">1890</a></th><td>5,920</td><td></td><td>13.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_census" title="1900 United States census">1900</a></th><td>7,816</td><td></td><td>32.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1910_United_States_census" title="1910 United States census">1910</a></th><td>21,262</td><td></td><td>172.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_census" title="1920 United States census">1920</a></th><td>22,817</td><td></td><td>7.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1930_United_States_census" title="1930 United States census">1930</a></th><td>48,282</td><td></td><td>111.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_census" title="1940 United States census">1940</a></th><td>62,107</td><td></td><td>28.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_census" title="1950 United States census">1950</a></th><td>98,271</td><td></td><td>58.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_census" title="1960 United States census">1960</a></th><td>144,422</td><td></td><td>47.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_census" title="1970 United States census">1970</a></th><td>153,968</td><td></td><td>6.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_census" title="1980 United States census">1980</a></th><td>202,895</td><td></td><td>31.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_census" title="1990 United States census">1990</a></th><td>196,637</td><td></td><td>−3.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_census" title="2000 United States census">2000</a></th><td>184,286</td><td></td><td>−6.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010</a></th><td>173,514</td><td></td><td>−5.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a></th><td>153,701</td><td></td><td>−11.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">2022 (est.)</th><td class="us-census-pop-estimate">145,995</td><td><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td>−5.0%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="us-census-pop-footnote">U.S. Decennial Census<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 census</a><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Jackson remained a small town for much of the 19th century. Before the American Civil War, Jackson's population remained small, particularly in contrast to the river towns along the commerce-laden <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a>. Despite the city's status as the state capital, the 1850 census counted only 1,881 residents, excluding slaves, which were not returned separately.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1900 the population of Jackson was still less than 8,000. Although it expanded rapidly, during this period <a href="/wiki/Meridian,_Mississippi" title="Meridian, Mississippi">Meridian</a> became Mississippi's largest city, based on trade, manufacturing, and access to transportation via railroad and highway. </p><p>In the early 20th century, Jackson had its largest rates of growth but ranked second to Meridian in Mississippi. By 1944, Jackson's population had risen to some 70,000 inhabitants, and it became the largest city in the state. For several decades, Jackson had the most thriving business districts and the largest public school system in Mississippi.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It achieved its peak population in the 1980 census of more than 200,000 residents in the city. Since 1980, Jackson has declined in population due to several factors while its surrounding <a href="/wiki/Suburban" class="mw-redirect" title="Suburban">suburban</a> population has increased.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Race_and_ethnicity">Race and ethnicity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jackson,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Race and ethnicity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <caption><b>Jackson city, Mississippi – Racial and ethnic composition</b><br /><small><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><i>Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.</i></span></small> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Race / Ethnicity <small>(<i>NH = Non-Hispanic</i>)</small> </th> <th>Pop 2000<sup id="cite_ref-2000CensusP004_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2000CensusP004-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Pop 2010<sup id="cite_ref-2010CensusP2_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010CensusP2-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Pop 2020<sup id="cite_ref-2020CensusP2_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020CensusP2-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>% 2000 </th> <th>% 2010 </th> <th style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">% 2020 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_or_Latino_whites" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hispanic or Latino whites">White</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>50,679 </td> <td>31,194 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">25,424 </td> <td>27.50% </td> <td>17.98% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">16.54% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_or_Latino_African_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans">Black or African American</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>129,609 </td> <td>137,265 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">120,727 </td> <td>70.34% </td> <td>79.11% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">78.55% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> or <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Native">Alaska Native</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>213 </td> <td>232 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">237 </td> <td>0.12% </td> <td>0.13% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">0.15% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>1,045 </td> <td>660 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">751 </td> <td>0.57% </td> <td>0.38% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">0.49% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_Americans" title="Pacific Islander Americans">Pacific Islander</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>18 </td> <td>18 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">30 </td> <td>0.01% </td> <td>0.01% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">0.02% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_census" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States census">Some Other Race</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>128 </td> <td>99 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">362 </td> <td>0.07% </td> <td>0.06% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">0.24% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Multiracial_Americans" title="Multiracial Americans">Mixed Race or Multi-Racial</a> (NH) </td> <td>1,113 </td> <td>1,323 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">2,951 </td> <td>0.60% </td> <td>0.76% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">1.92% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic or Latino</a> (any race) </td> <td>1,451 </td> <td>2,723 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">3,219 </td> <td>0.79% </td> <td>1.57% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">2.09% </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Total</b> </td> <td><b>184,256</b> </td> <td><b>173,514</b> </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;"><b>153,701</b> </td> <td><b>100.00%</b> </td> <td><b>100.00%</b> </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;"><b>100.00%</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Jackson_(5560427030).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Jackson_%285560427030%29.png/220px-Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Jackson_%285560427030%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Jackson_%285560427030%29.png/330px-Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Jackson_%285560427030%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Jackson_%285560427030%29.png/440px-Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Jackson_%285560427030%29.png 2x" data-file-width="3009" data-file-height="3009" /></a><figcaption>Map of racial distribution in Jackson, 2010 U.S. census. Each dot is 25 people: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid white;background-color:white; color:black;color:#ff0000;"><span class="legend-text" style="font-family: monospace, monospace;">⬤</span></span> White</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid white;background-color:white; color:black;color:#0000ff;"><span class="legend-text" style="font-family: monospace, monospace;">⬤</span></span> Black</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid white;background-color:white; color:black;color:#00ffaa;"><span class="legend-text" style="font-family: monospace, monospace;">⬤</span></span> Asian</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid white;background-color:white; color:black;color:#ffa600;"><span class="legend-text" style="font-family: monospace, monospace;">⬤</span></span> Hispanic</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid white;background-color:white; color:black;color:#ffff07;"><span class="legend-text" style="font-family: monospace, monospace;">⬤</span></span> Other</span></figcaption></figure><p>According to the 2010 census,<sup id="cite_ref-GR2_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR2-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the racial and ethnic makeup of the city was predominantly <a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">Black and African American</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_whites" title="Non-Hispanic whites">non-Hispanic white</a>; in 2020, they remained the largest racial and ethnic composition for the city. This Hispanic or Latino population is the fastest growing racial and ethnic group in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-2020CensusP2_84-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020CensusP2-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Income">Income</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jackson,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Income"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to census statistics in 2000, the median income for a household in the city was $30,414, and the median income for a family was $36,003. Males had a median income of $29,166 versus $23,328 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,116. About 19.6% of families and 23.5% of the population were below the <a href="/wiki/Poverty" title="Poverty">poverty</a> line, including 33.7% of those under age 18 and 15.7% of those age 65 or over.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the publication of the 2020 <a href="/wiki/American_Community_Survey" title="American Community Survey">American Community Survey</a>, the city's median household income increased to $35,070; families had a median income of $44,348, married-couple families $74,893, and non-families $22,061.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crime">Crime</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jackson,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Crime"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>High criminal activity, particularly the homicide rate, is a major reoccurring issue in the city. Crime has had a negative impact on the city's economy and population. Most parts of Jackson are considered a <a href="/wiki/Food_desert" title="Food desert">food desert</a> because important grocery stores and restaurants have closed down or left the city as theft and other crimes have worsened since 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2020, the city's homicide rate reached its highest in history with 79.69 homicides per 100,000 residents, with a total of 128 homicides.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of major U.S. cities, only <a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a> surpassed Jackson's homicide rate.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The homicide rate in 2020 represented a significant spike after years of declining homicide rates in the early 2000s.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Property crime remains much lower than in the 1990s and overall violent crime has not increased as significantly as homicide in recent years and is below the peak in 1994 as of 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2021, a record number of homicides (160) were recorded, and at a rate of 104 per 100,000 was the highest in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In late 2020, Police Chief James Davis along with the Mayor and other city leaders unveiled the virtual policing concept. After months of struggling to move the concept forward, Chief Davis began discussions with Eric B. Fox, a veteran Jackson Police Officer to return to the department.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Fox returned officially in January 2022, and launched a new concept, the Real Time Command Center.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Also in 2021, the Jackson Police Department stated that the city had a serious <a href="/wiki/Street_gang" class="mw-redirect" title="Street gang">street gang</a> problem which is a major contributor to violent crimes. The city has had a gang presence since the 1980s but it has seemingly grown over the years. Several gangs from <a href="/wiki/Chicago,_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago, Illinois">Chicago</a> have settled in the city and are heavily involved in drug-selling territory wars and many other crimes.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2022, for the second year in a row Jackson had the highest homicide rate per capita in the United States, with the city reporting a total of 138 murders giving the city a slightly lower homicide rate of 89.8 per 100,000.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2023, Jackson murders dropped by 15% with 118 homicides being reported but the city still had the nation's highest homicide rate per capita with 78.8 per 100,000 residents.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2023, Mayor Lumumba announced the opening of the Jackson Crime Center which is a facility that houses monitoring cameras strategically placed around the city to better identify criminals so they can be held accountable for their actions.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Jackson Police Department is short-staffed so the center will help the department as they work to increase recruitment and retention.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2024, Governor Reeves announced a new and tougher plan to lower rampant crime in the city and protect innocent residents.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jackson,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jackson is home to several major industries; these include electrical equipment and machinery, processed food, and primary and fabricated metal products. The surrounding area supports the agricultural development of livestock, soybeans, cotton, and poultry. </p><p>According to the city's government, Jackson's top three employers are the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Mississippi_Medical_Center" title="University of Mississippi Medical Center">University of Mississippi Medical Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jackson_Public_School_District" title="Jackson Public School District">Jackson Public Schools</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nissan_USA" title="Nissan USA">Nissan North America</a> as of 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other notable corporations with a large presence in the city and area include <a href="/wiki/C_Spire" title="C Spire">C Spire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a> in nearby <a href="/wiki/Madison_County,_Mississippi" title="Madison County, Mississippi">Madison County</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city is home to <a href="/wiki/Cooperation_Jackson" title="Cooperation Jackson">Cooperation Jackson</a>, which is an economic development vehicle for <a href="/wiki/Worker_cooperative" title="Worker cooperative">worker-owned cooperative</a> business.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The organization has led to the creation of several businesses including lawn care provider The Green Team, organic farm Freedom Farms, print shop The Center for Community Production, and The Balagoon Center, which is a cooperative <a href="/wiki/Business_incubator" title="Business incubator">business incubator</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arts_and_culture">Arts and culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jackson,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Arts and culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thalia_Mara_Hall_Jackson_Mississippi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Thalia_Mara_Hall_Jackson_Mississippi.jpg/220px-Thalia_Mara_Hall_Jackson_Mississippi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/Thalia_Mara_Hall_Jackson_Mississippi.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="256" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Thalia_Mara" title="Thalia Mara">Thalia Mara</a> Hall in Jackson, Mississippi</figcaption></figure><p>Jackson is home to a number of cultural and artistic attractions, including the following: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style></p><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ballet_Mississippi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ballet Mississippi (page does not exist)">Ballet Mississippi</a><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Celtic Heritage Society of Mississippi<sup id="cite_ref-celticfestms.org_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-celticfestms.org-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Crossroads Film Society and its annual Film Festival<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Museum_of_Muslim_Cultures" title="International Museum of Muslim Cultures">International Museum of Muslim Cultures</a><sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_State_University_Botanical_Garden" title="Jackson State University Botanical Garden">Jackson State University Botanical Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_Zoo" title="Jackson Zoo">Jackson Zoo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinetic_Etchings_Dance_project&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kinetic Etchings Dance project (page does not exist)">Kinetic Etchings Dance project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_and_Glass_Studio" title="Light and Glass Studio">Light and Glass Studio</a><sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Margaret Walker Center</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mississippi_Agriculture_and_Forestry_Museum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mississippi Agriculture and Forestry Museum (page does not exist)">Mississippi Agriculture and Forestry Museum</a><sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mississippi_Arts_Center&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mississippi Arts Center (page does not exist)">Mississippi Arts Center</a><sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Mississippi Chorus<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Civil_Rights_Museum" title="Mississippi Civil Rights Museum">Mississippi Civil Rights Museum</a><sup id="cite_ref-Waibel_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waibel-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Department_of_Archives_and_History" title="Mississippi Department of Archives and History">Mississippi Department of Archives and History</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which contains the state archives and records</li> <li>Mississippi Heritage Trust<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Mississippi Hispanic Association<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Mississippi Metropolitan Ballet<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Museum_of_Art" title="Mississippi Museum of Art">Mississippi Museum of Art</a><sup id="cite_ref-msmuseumart.org_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-msmuseumart.org-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Mississippi Opera</li> <li>Mississippi Shakespeare Festival</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Mississippi Symphony Orchestra">Mississippi Symphony Orchestra</a> (MSO), formerly the Jackson Symphony Orchestra, founded in 1944</li> <li>Municipal Art Gallery<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Mississippi_History" title="Museum of Mississippi History">Museum of Mississippi History</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mynelle_Gardens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mynelle Gardens (page does not exist)">Mynelle Gardens</a></li> <li>New Stage Theatre<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russell_C._Davis_Planetarium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russell C. Davis Planetarium (page does not exist)">Russell C. Davis Planetarium</a><sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Smith-Robertson Museum and Cultural Center<sup id="cite_ref-jacksonms.gov_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jacksonms.gov-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>USA International Ballet Competition<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notable_restaurants">Notable restaurants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jackson,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Notable restaurants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bully%27s_Restaurant" title="Bully's Restaurant">Bully's Restaurant</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jackson,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mississippi_Veterans_Memorial_Stadium.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Mississippi_Veterans_Memorial_Stadium.jpg/220px-Mississippi_Veterans_Memorial_Stadium.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Mississippi_Veterans_Memorial_Stadium.jpg/330px-Mississippi_Veterans_Memorial_Stadium.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Mississippi_Veterans_Memorial_Stadium.jpg/440px-Mississippi_Veterans_Memorial_Stadium.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>Veterans Memorial Stadium is the largest stadium facility in Jackson. Its parking lot often is used by employees of the University of Mississippi Medical Center nearby</figcaption></figure><p>The city of Jackson and its metropolitan area are home to collegiate and semi-professional sports teams; <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Braves" title="Atlanta Braves">Atlanta Braves</a> minor affiliate, the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Braves" title="Mississippi Braves">Mississippi Braves</a>, plays in the area. <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Brilla_FC" title="Mississippi Brilla FC">Mississippi Brilla</a> of <a href="/wiki/USL_League_Two" title="USL League Two">USL League Two</a> also operates in the area. However, the Mississippi Braves will leave the city of Jackson and relocate their team at the end of the 2024 season. They will be relocating to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.milb.com/news/mississippi-braves-to-move-to-columbus-georgia">Columbus, Georgia.</a> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_and_infrastructure">Government and infrastructure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jackson,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Government and infrastructure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Scribner%27s1874JacksonCapitol.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Scribner%27s1874JacksonCapitol.gif/220px-Scribner%27s1874JacksonCapitol.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Scribner%27s1874JacksonCapitol.gif/330px-Scribner%27s1874JacksonCapitol.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Scribner%27s1874JacksonCapitol.gif/440px-Scribner%27s1874JacksonCapitol.gif 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="882" /></a><figcaption>1874 engraving in <i><a href="/wiki/Scribner%27s_Monthly" title="Scribner's Monthly">Scribner's Monthly</a></i> of the Old Capitol, the seat of Mississippi's legislature from 1839 to 1903.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Municipal_government">Municipal government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jackson,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Municipal government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1985, Jackson voters opted to replace the three-person mayor-commissioner system with a <a href="/wiki/City_council" class="mw-redirect" title="City council">city council</a> and mayor. This electoral system enables a wider representation of residents on the city council. City council members are elected from each of the city's seven wards, considered single-member districts. The mayor is elected <a href="/wiki/At-large" title="At-large">at-large</a> citywide. </p><p>Jackson's mayor is <a href="/wiki/Chokwe_Antar_Lumumba" title="Chokwe Antar Lumumba">Chokwe Antar Lumumba</a><sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">D</a>), who was elected on July 3, 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For former mayors, see <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Jackson,_MS" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor of Jackson, MS">Mayor of Jackson, MS</a>.</div> <p>Jackson's City Council members are: </p> <ul><li>Ward 1: Ashby Foote</li> <li>Ward 2: Angelique C. Lee</li> <li>Ward 3: Kenneth Stokes</li> <li>Ward 4: Brian C. Grizzell</li> <li>Ward 5: Vernon W. Hartly</li> <li>Ward 6: Aaron Banks</li> <li>Ward 7: Virgi Lindsay<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="State_government">State government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jackson,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: State government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Department_of_Corrections" title="Mississippi Department of Corrections">Mississippi Department of Corrections</a> (MDOC) operates the Jackson Probation & Parole Office in Jackson.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The MDOC <a href="/wiki/Central_Mississippi_Correctional_Facility" title="Central Mississippi Correctional Facility">Central Mississippi Correctional Facility</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">unincorporated</a> <a href="/wiki/Rankin_County,_Mississippi" title="Rankin County, Mississippi">Rankin County</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is located in proximity to Jackson.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Federal_representation">Federal representation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jackson,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Federal representation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The larger portion of Jackson is part of Mississippi's 2nd congressional district. U.S. Representative Bennie Gordon Thompson, a Democrat, has served since 1993. Until 2011 he was Chairman of the Committee on Homeland Security and has been the ranking member since 2011.[1] </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service" title="United States Postal Service">United States Postal Service</a> operates the Jackson Main Post Office<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and several smaller post offices. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jackson,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Higher_education">Higher education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jackson,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Higher education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jacksonstate.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Jacksonstate.jpg/220px-Jacksonstate.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Jacksonstate.jpg/330px-Jacksonstate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/Jacksonstate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="429" data-file-height="291" /></a><figcaption>Jackson State University band "<a href="/wiki/Sonic_Boom_of_the_South" title="Sonic Boom of the South">The Sonic Boom</a>"</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Millsaps_College.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Millsaps_College.jpg/220px-Millsaps_College.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Millsaps_College.jpg/330px-Millsaps_College.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Millsaps_College.jpg/440px-Millsaps_College.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Millsaps College is one of several institutions in and around Jackson established before 1900.</figcaption></figure> <p>Jackson is home to the most collegiate institutions in Mississippi. <a href="/wiki/Jackson_State_University" title="Jackson State University">Jackson State University</a> is the largest collegiate institution in the city, fourth largest in the state, and the only doctoral-granting research institution based in its region.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Colleges_and_universities">Colleges and universities</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jackson,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Colleges and universities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Source:<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_State_University" title="Jackson State University">Jackson State University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tougaloo_College" title="Tougaloo College">Tougaloo College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millsaps_College" title="Millsaps College">Millsaps College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belhaven_University" title="Belhaven University">Belhaven University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Mississippi_Medical_Center" title="University of Mississippi Medical Center">University of Mississippi Medical Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_College_School_of_Law" title="Mississippi College School of Law">Mississippi College School of Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinds_Community_College" title="Hinds Community College">Hinds Community College</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_and_secondary_schools">Primary and secondary schools</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jackson,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Primary and secondary schools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Public_schools">Public schools</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jackson,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Public schools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Jackson_Public_School_District" title="Jackson Public School District">Jackson Public School District</a> (JPS) operates 60 public schools. It is one of the largest school districts in the state with about 30,000 students in thirty-eight elementary schools, thirteen middle schools, seven high schools, and two special schools.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jackson Public Schools is the only urban school district in the state.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2017<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jackson,_Mississippi&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> the public schools have few children who are middle or upper class, as 99% of the students in JPS qualify for free or reduced school lunches. In 2017 Susan Womack, president of the Parents for Public Schools Jackson (PPSJ) from 2000 to 2012, stated that middle to upper-class families in Jackson tended to leave public school after elementary school, with parents who remained in Jackson enrolling their children in private school, and those who wished to continue enrolling their children in public schools moving to <a href="/wiki/Madison_County,_Mississippi" title="Madison County, Mississippi">Madison County</a>. The PPSJ decided circa the mid-2000s that it was not feasible to encourage middle and upper-class parents to put their children in JPS schools.<sup id="cite_ref-Dreherintegrationfailed_141-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dreherintegrationfailed-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The district's high schools include: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Callaway_High_School_(Jackson,_Mississippi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Callaway High School (Jackson, Mississippi)">Callaway High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_City_Alternative_School" title="Capital City Alternative School">Capital City Alternative School</a></li> <li>Career Development Center<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_Hill_High_School" title="Forest Hill High School">Forest Hill High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Hill_High_School" title="Jim Hill High School">Jim Hill High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanier_High_School_(Jackson,_Mississippi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanier High School (Jackson, Mississippi)">Lanier High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murrah_High_School" title="Murrah High School">Murrah High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provine_High_School" title="Provine High School">Provine High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wingfield_High_School" title="Wingfield High School">Wingfield High School</a></li></ul> </div> <p>While most of Jackson is in Jackson PSD, there are parts in Hinds County that are instead in <a href="/wiki/Hinds_County_School_District" title="Hinds County School District">Hinds County School District</a> and in the <a href="/wiki/Clinton_Public_School_District" title="Clinton Public School District">Clinton Public School District</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Hinds County part is zoned to <a href="/wiki/Terry_High_School_(Mississippi)" title="Terry High School (Mississippi)">Terry High School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Terry,_Mississippi" title="Terry, Mississippi">Terry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The portion of Jackson in Madison County is within the <a href="/wiki/Madison_County_School_District_(Mississippi)" title="Madison County School District (Mississippi)">Madison County School District</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are state-operated K-12 public schools for special purposes; </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_School_for_the_Blind" title="Mississippi School for the Blind">Mississippi School for the Blind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_School_for_the_Deaf" title="Mississippi School for the Deaf">Mississippi School for the Deaf</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Private_schools">Private schools</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jackson,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Private schools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Private secondary schools include: </p> <ul><li>Christ Missionary & Industrial (CM&I) College High School</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillcrest_Christian_School" title="Hillcrest Christian School">Hillcrest Christian School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_Academy_(Mississippi)" title="Jackson Academy (Mississippi)">Jackson Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodland_Hills_Academy_(Mississippi)" title="Woodland Hills Academy (Mississippi)">Woodland Hills Academy</a> (closed)</li></ul> <p>Some schools are in nearby municipalities: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._Andrew%27s_Episcopal_School_(Mississippi)" title="St. Andrew's Episcopal School (Mississippi)">St. Andrew's Episcopal Middle and Upper School – North Campus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ridgeland,_Mississippi" title="Ridgeland, Mississippi">Ridgeland</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_Preparatory_School_(Mississippi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jackson Preparatory School (Mississippi)">Jackson Preparatory School</a> (<a href="/wiki/Flowood,_Mississippi" title="Flowood, Mississippi">Flowood</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veritas_School_(Ridgeland,_Mississippi)" title="Veritas School (Ridgeland, Mississippi)">The Veritas School</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ridgeland,_Mississippi" title="Ridgeland, Mississippi">Ridgeland</a>), closed</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Joseph_Catholic_School_(Madison,_Mississippi)" title="St. Joseph Catholic School (Madison, Mississippi)">St. Joseph Catholic School</a> (<a href="/wiki/Madison,_Mississippi" title="Madison, Mississippi">Madison</a>), of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Jackson" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Jackson">Roman Catholic Diocese of Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartfield_Academy" title="Hartfield Academy">Hartfield Academy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Flowood,_Mississippi" title="Flowood, Mississippi">Flowood</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison-Ridgeland_Academy" title="Madison-Ridgeland Academy">Madison-Ridgeland Academy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Madison,_Mississippi" title="Madison, Mississippi">Madison</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_Academy" title="Canton Academy">Canton Academy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Canton,_Mississippi" title="Canton, Mississippi">Canton</a>)</li> <li>Tri-County Academy (<a href="/wiki/Flora,_Mississippi" title="Flora, Mississippi">Flora</a>)</li> <li>Central Hinds Academy (<a href="/wiki/Raymond,_Mississippi" title="Raymond, Mississippi">Raymond</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebul_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="Rebul Academy">Rebul Academy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Learned,_Mississippi" title="Learned, Mississippi">Learned</a>)</li> <li>East Rankin Academy (<a href="/wiki/Pelahatchie,_Mississippi" title="Pelahatchie, Mississippi">Pelahatchie</a>)</li></ul> </div> <p>Private primary schools include: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_Academy_(Mississippi)" title="Jackson Academy (Mississippi)">Jackson Academy</a></li> <li>First Presbyterian Day School<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Magnolia Speech School<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Andrew%27s_Episcopal_School_(Mississippi)" title="St. Andrew's Episcopal School (Mississippi)">St. Andrew's Episcopal Lower School – South Campus</a></li> <li>St. Richard Catholic School<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>St. Therese Catholic School</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_libraries">Public libraries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jackson,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Public libraries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Jackson/Hinds_Library_System" title="Jackson/Hinds Library System">Jackson/Hinds Library System</a> is the library system of Jackson. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jackson,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Infrastructure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On March 27, 2015, Jackson Mayor Tony Yarber issued a state of emergency for transportation (potholes) and water infrastructure (breaks in water mains).<sup id="cite_ref-wapt_149-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wapt-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tidaily_150-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tidaily-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The quality of Jackson's water infrastructure system decreased after the severe winter weather of 2014–2015. Jackson's office estimated the cost to fix the roads and water pipes at $750 million to $1 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-tidaily_150-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tidaily-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After issuing the state of emergency, the City of Jackson filed a letter of intent to Department of Health to borrow $2.5 million to repair broken water pipes. The Jackson City Council must approve the mayor's proposal.<sup id="cite_ref-wapt_149-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wapt-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, Mayor Yarber asked for help from both FEMA and the state Governor's office.<sup id="cite_ref-wjtv_151-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wjtv-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Calling for a state of emergency increases the likelihood that the U.S. Department of Transportation would give the city money from a "quick release" funding account.<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In late August 2022, the Pearl River overflowed, flooding much of the city and contaminating the water supply. Mayor Lumumba declared a state of emergency and shut down all businesses and schools.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transportation">Transportation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jackson,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2015, 11 percent of the city of Jackson households lacked a car, which decreased to 7.6 percent in 2016. The national average was 8.7 percent in 2016. Jackson averaged 1.68 cars per household in 2016, compared to a national average of 1.8.<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jackson has an increasing number of bicycle lanes.<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jackson%E2%80%93Medgar_Wiley_Evers_International_Airport" title="Jackson–Medgar Wiley Evers International Airport">Jackson–Medgar Wiley Evers International Airport</a>, the busiest commercial airport in Mississippi, is located east of city in <a href="/wiki/Rankin_County,_Mississippi" title="Rankin County, Mississippi">Rankin County</a> between <a href="/wiki/Flowood,_Mississippi" title="Flowood, Mississippi">Flowood</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pearl,_Mississippi" title="Pearl, Mississippi">Pearl</a>. </p><p>Jackson's <a href="/wiki/Union_Station_(Jackson,_Mississippi)" title="Union Station (Jackson, Mississippi)">Union Station</a> serves <a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a>'s daily overnight train, the <i><a href="/wiki/City_of_New_Orleans_(train)" title="City of New Orleans (train)">City of New Orleans</a></i> from Chicago to New Orleans. The intermodal station also serves <a href="/wiki/Greyhound_Lines" title="Greyhound Lines">Greyhound Lines</a> intercity buses and is the primary station for Jackson's municipal buses. </p><p>The city is at the intersection of major Interstate and Federal Highways: north-south <a href="/wiki/I-55_in_Mississippi" class="mw-redirect" title="I-55 in Mississippi">I-55</a>, <a href="/wiki/US_49" class="mw-redirect" title="US 49">US 49</a>, <a href="/wiki/US_51" class="mw-redirect" title="US 51">US 51</a>, east–west <a href="/wiki/Interstate_20_in_Mississippi" title="Interstate 20 in Mississippi">I-20</a> and <a href="/wiki/US_80" class="mw-redirect" title="US 80">US 80</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Major_highways">Major highways</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jackson,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Major highways"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:I-55.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/I-55.svg/22px-I-55.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/I-55.svg/33px-I-55.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/I-55.svg/44px-I-55.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="601" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Interstate_55_in_Mississippi" title="Interstate 55 in Mississippi">Interstate 55</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:I-20.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/I-20.svg/22px-I-20.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/I-20.svg/33px-I-20.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/I-20.svg/44px-I-20.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="601" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Interstate_20_in_Mississippi" title="Interstate 20 in Mississippi">Interstate 20</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:I-220.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/I-220.svg/22px-I-220.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/I-220.svg/33px-I-220.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/I-220.svg/44px-I-220.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="751" data-file-height="601" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Interstate_220_in_Mississippi" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 220 in Mississippi">Interstate 220</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_51.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/US_51.svg/22px-US_51.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/US_51.svg/33px-US_51.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/US_51.svg/44px-US_51.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/US_51" class="mw-redirect" title="US 51">US 51</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_49.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/US_49.svg/22px-US_49.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/US_49.svg/33px-US_49.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/US_49.svg/44px-US_49.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/US_49" class="mw-redirect" title="US 49">US 49</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_80.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/US_80.svg/22px-US_80.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/US_80.svg/33px-US_80.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/US_80.svg/44px-US_80.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/US_80" class="mw-redirect" title="US 80">US 80</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jackson,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2011, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> named the <a href="/wiki/USS_Jackson_(LCS-6)" title="USS Jackson (LCS-6)">USS <i>Jackson</i> (LCS-6)</a> in honor of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2002, the Subway Lounge (of the Summers Hotel on the Gold Coast) was featured as the subject of the film documentary entitled <i>Last of the Mississippi Jukes.</i><sup id="cite_ref-marker_158-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marker-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The popular film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Help_(film)" title="The Help (film)">The Help</a></i> (2011), based on the bestselling <a href="/wiki/The_Help" title="The Help">novel</a> by the same name by <a href="/wiki/Kathryn_Stockett" title="Kathryn Stockett">Kathryn Stockett</a>, was filmed in Jackson. The city has a two-part, self-guided tour of areas featured in the film and the book.<sup id="cite_ref-tour_160-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tour-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the song "<a href="/wiki/Uptown_Funk" title="Uptown Funk">Uptown Funk</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Mark_Ronson" title="Mark Ronson">Mark Ronson</a> and featuring <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Mars" title="Bruno Mars">Bruno Mars</a> Jackson is mentioned in the lines "Julio! Get the Stretch! Ride to Harlem; Hollywood, Jackson, Mississippi." </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Get_on_Up_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Get on Up (film)">Get on Up</a></i>, a movie released in August 2014, had some scenes filmed in Jackson,<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and nearby Natchez.<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The movie is based on the life of <a href="/wiki/James_Brown" title="James Brown">James Brown</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The movie <i><a href="/wiki/Speech_%26_Debate" title="Speech & Debate">Speech & Debate</a></i>, an adaptation of the <a href="/wiki/Speech_%26_Debate_(play)" title="Speech & Debate (play)">stage play of the same name</a> of <a href="/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway theatre</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was filmed entirely in Jackson.<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Daniels" title="Charlie Daniels">Charlie Daniels</a> song "<a href="/wiki/Uneasy_Rider" title="Uneasy Rider">Uneasy Rider</a>" is set in Jackson. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jackson,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>See: <a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Jackson,_Mississippi" title="Category:People from Jackson, Mississippi">People from Jackson, Mississippi</a></i></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jackson,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i> Jackson Rising: The Struggle for Economic Democracy and Black Self-Determination in Jackson, Mississippi</i>, edited by Kali Akuno and Ajamu Nangwaya. (2017) Daraja Press. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9953474-5-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9953474-5-8">978-0-9953474-5-8</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jackson,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the highest and lowest temperature readings during an entire month or year) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Official records for Jackson have been kept at the international airport since July 8, 1963. For more information, see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://threadex.rcc-acis.org">Threadex</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jackson,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CenPopGazetteer2020-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CenPopGazetteer2020_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_28.txt">"2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files"</a>. United States Census Bureau. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211027174352/https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_28.txt">Archived</a> from the original on October 27, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 24,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2020+U.S.+Gazetteer+Files&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.census.gov%2Fgeo%2Fdocs%2Fmaps-data%2Fdata%2Fgazetteer%2F2020_Gazetteer%2F2020_gaz_place_28.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJackson%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edits.nationalmap.gov/apps/gaz-domestic/public/gaz-record/0711543">"Geographic Names Information System"</a>. <i>edits.nationalmap.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230508121054/https://edits.nationalmap.gov/apps/gaz-domestic/public/gaz-record/0711543">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 8,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=edits.nationalmap.gov&rft.atitle=Geographic+Names+Information+System&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedits.nationalmap.gov%2Fapps%2Fgaz-domestic%2Fpublic%2Fgaz-record%2F0711543&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJackson%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GR3-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GR3_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geonames.usgs.gov">"US Board on Geographic Names"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a>. October 25, 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212191832/http://geonames.usgs.gov/">Archived</a> from the original on February 12, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Jacksonms.gov. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jacksonms.gov/visitors/history">the original</a> on May 10, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 31,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+City+of+Jackson%2C+Mississippi+Website+%E2%80%93+Jackson%27s+History&rft.pub=Jacksonms.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jacksonms.gov%2Fvisitors%2Fhistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJackson%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Izard, E. Ray. (January 30, 1974) "Carroll's Trace took Tennessee Boys Home". Jackson: <i>Clarion-Ledger.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i> Laws of the State of Mississippi passed at the 4th session of the general assembly, held in the City of Natchez.</i> (1821) Natchez: A. Marschalk and Evens & Co. State printers. p. 158.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">William C. 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(1903) "Historic Clinton". <i>Publications of the Mississippi Historical Society</i>. v. 7, p.285.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson" class="citation web cs1">Johnson, Brian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jacksonfreepress.com/news/2006/may/17/johnson-when-jackson-burned/">"[Johnson] When Jackson Burned"</a>. <i>www.jacksonfreepress.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201112041026/https://www.jacksonfreepress.com/news/2006/may/17/johnson-when-jackson-burned/">Archived</a> from the original on November 12, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 23,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.jacksonfreepress.com&rft.atitle=%5BJohnson%5D+When+Jackson+Burned&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jacksonfreepress.com%2Fnews%2F2006%2Fmay%2F17%2Fjohnson-when-jackson-burned%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJackson%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVicksburgUs" class="citation web cs1">Vicksburg, Mailing Address: 3201 Clay Street; Us, MS 39183 Phone:636-0583 Contact. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/vick/learn/historyculture/jackson.htm">"Battle of Jackson (May 14) - Vicksburg National Military Park (U.S. National Park Service)"</a>. <i>www.NPS.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210414202421/https://www.nps.gov/vick/learn/historyculture/jackson.htm">Archived</a> from the original on April 14, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Pildes, "Democracy, Anti-Democracy, and the Canon", <i>Constitutional Commentary</i>, Vol.17, 2000, pp.12–13</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190723082416/https://ssrn.com/abstract=224731">Archived</a> July 23, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. 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Retrieved September 10, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.watercases.org/LIB_1/1F._Wisc._v._Ill._(1933)/1F1._Rivers_and_Harbors_Act_of_1930.pdf">Watercases.org website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151016001252/http://www.watercases.org/LIB_1/1F._Wisc._v._Ill._(1933)/1F1._Rivers_and_Harbors_Act_of_1930.pdf">Archived</a> October 16, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Dredging of Pearl Urged" (October 26, 1930) Clarion-Ledger. (Jackson), p.1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blues.goodbarry.com/_webapp_2758974/Gold_Coast">"Gold Coast"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110711110655/http://blues.goodbarry.com/_webapp_2758974/Gold_Coast">Archived</a> July 11, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Blues website</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTribune1990" class="citation web cs1">Tribune, Daniel Egler, Chicago (February 8, 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1990-02-08-9001110675-story.html">"GAMBLING BOAT LAW GETS THOMPSON OK"</a>. <i>chicagotribune.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210613052645/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1990-02-08-9001110675-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 13, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 23,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=chicagotribune.com&rft.atitle=GAMBLING+BOAT+LAW+GETS+THOMPSON+OK&rft.date=1990-02-08&rft.aulast=Tribune&rft.aufirst=Daniel+Egler%2C+Chicago&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2Fnews%2Fct-xpm-1990-02-08-9001110675-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJackson%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLyonsMorgan2018" class="citation web cs1">Lyons, Amanda; Morgan, Will (May 1, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181221071722/http://www.mdah.ms.gov/new/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/01_Lyons-Morgan.pdf">"Patriots without a Country: Dutch Wings over Jackson"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mdah.ms.gov/new/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/01_Lyons-Morgan.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on December 21, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 24,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Patriots+without+a+Country%3A+Dutch+Wings+over+Jackson&rft.date=2018-05-01&rft.aulast=Lyons&rft.aufirst=Amanda&rft.au=Morgan%2C+Will&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mdah.ms.gov%2Fnew%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2018%2F05%2F01_Lyons-Morgan.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJackson%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSamuel_Howard_Well2018" class="citation web cs1">Samuel Howard Well (August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aquila.usm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1055&context=masters_theses">"Jackson's Flying Dutchmen: The Significance of the Royal Netherlands Military Flying School"</a>. University of Mississippi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220410070902/https://aquila.usm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1055&context=masters_theses">Archived</a> from the original on April 10, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 24,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jackson%27s+Flying+Dutchmen%3A+The+Significance+of+the+Royal+Netherlands+Military+Flying+School&rft.pub=University+of+Mississippi&rft.date=2018-08&rft.au=Samuel+Howard+Well&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faquila.usm.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1055%26context%3Dmasters_theses&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJackson%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200224201516/http://nlintheusa.com/royal-netherlands-flying-school/">"Remembering the fallen airmen of the Royal Netherlands Flying School in Mississippi"</a>. May 22, 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nlintheusa.com/royal-netherlands-flying-school/">the original</a> on February 24, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 24,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Remembering+the+fallen+airmen+of+the+Royal+Netherlands+Flying+School+in+Mississippi&rft.date=2018-05-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnlintheusa.com%2Froyal-netherlands-flying-school%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJackson%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census1-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-census1_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120812191959/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html">"Mississippi – Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990"</a>. U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html">the original</a> on August 12, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 1,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mississippi+%E2%80%93+Race+and+Hispanic+Origin+for+Selected+Cities+and+Other+Places%3A+Earliest+Census+to+1990&rft.pub=U.S.+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fpopulation%2Fwww%2Fdocumentation%2Ftwps0076%2Ftwps0076.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJackson%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100707051408/http://www.crmvet.org/tim/timhis61.htm#1961t9">"Tougaloo 9"</a>. Civil Rights Movement Archive. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crmvet.org/tim/timhis61.htm#1961t9">the original</a> on July 7, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 21,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Tougaloo+9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crmvet.org%2Ftim%2Ftimhis61.htm%231961t9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJackson%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100707051408/http://www.crmvet.org/tim/timhis61.htm#1961frides">"Freedom Rides"</a>. Civil Rights Movement Archive. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crmvet.org/tim/timhis61.htm#1961frides">the original</a> on July 7, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 21,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Freedom+Rides&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crmvet.org%2Ftim%2Ftimhis61.htm%231961frides&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJackson%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crmvet.org/tim/timhis62.htm#1962jackson">"Jackson MS, Boycotts"</a>. Civil Rights Movement Archive. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061004011259/http://www.crmvet.org/tim/timhis62.htm#1962jackson">Archived</a> from the original on October 4, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 21,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Jackson+MS%2C+Boycotts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crmvet.org%2Ftim%2Ftimhis62.htm%231962jackson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJackson%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090615060449/http://www.crmvet.org/tim/timhis63.htm#1963woolworth">"Jackson Sit-in & Protests"</a>. Civil Rights Movement Archive. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crmvet.org/tim/timhis63.htm#1963woolworth">the original</a> on June 15, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 21,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Jackson+Sit-in+%26+Protests&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crmvet.org%2Ftim%2Ftimhis63.htm%231963woolworth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJackson%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090615060449/http://www.crmvet.org/tim/timhis63.htm#1963medgar">"Veterans of the Civil Rights Movement – History & Timeline, 1963 (Jan-June)"</a>. <i>crmvet.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crmvet.org/tim/timhis63.htm#1963medgar">the original</a> on June 15, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 21,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=crmvet.org&rft.atitle=Veterans+of+the+Civil+Rights+Movement+%E2%80%93+History+%26+Timeline%2C+1963+%28Jan-June%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crmvet.org%2Ftim%2Ftimhis63.htm%231963medgar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJackson%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStout2001" class="citation news cs1">Stout, David (January 23, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2001/01/23/us/byron-de-la-beckwith-dies-killer-of-medgar-evers-was-80.html">"Byron De La Beckwith Dies; Killer of Medgar Evers Was 80 (Published 2001)"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231006151142/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/01/23/us/byron-de-la-beckwith-dies-killer-of-medgar-evers-was-80.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 6, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 23,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Byron+De+La+Beckwith+Dies%3B+Killer+of+Medgar+Evers+Was+80+%28Published+2001%29&rft.date=2001-01-23&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Stout&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2001%2F01%2F23%2Fus%2Fbyron-de-la-beckwith-dies-killer-of-medgar-evers-was-80.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJackson%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BethIsrael-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BethIsrael_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isjl.org/history/archive/ms/historyofbethisraeljackson.htm">History of Beth Israel, Jackson, Mississippi</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071005050359/http://www.isjl.org/history/archive/ms/historyofbethisraeljackson.htm">Archived</a> October 5, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Goldring/Woldenberg Institute of Southern Jewish Life website, History Department, Digital Archive, Mississippi, Jackson, Beth Israel. Retrieved August 17, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aei.org/publications/pubID.24237/pub_detail.asp">Edward Blum and Abigail Thernstrom, Executive Summary of the <i>Bullock-Gaddie Expert Report on Mississippi,</i> Apr 17, 2006</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080409152924/http://www.aei.org/publications/pubID.24237/pub_detail.asp">Archived</a> April 9, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, American Enterprise Institute, Retrieved March 21, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEckl2011" class="citation web cs1">Eckl, K. (August 2, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thoracics.org/2011/08/02/the-university-of-mississippi-pioneers-in-transplant/">"The University of Mississippi: Pioneers in Transplant"</a>. <i>Thoracic Surgery</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210125111717/https://thoracics.org/2011/08/02/the-university-of-mississippi-pioneers-in-transplant/">Archived</a> from the original on January 25, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 23,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Thoracic+Surgery&rft.atitle=The+University+of+Mississippi%3A+Pioneers+in+Transplant&rft.date=2011-08-02&rft.aulast=Eckl&rft.aufirst=K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthoracics.org%2F2011%2F08%2F02%2Fthe-university-of-mississippi-pioneers-in-transplant%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJackson%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(May 19, 1966). "Pearl Flood Project finished by June 1967". <i>Jackson Daily News</i> (Jackson).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tim Spofford, <i>Lynch Street: The May 1970 Slayings at Jackson State College,</i> Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 1988, pp. 17 and 19</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell1982" class="citation news cs1">Campbell, Don (July 27, 1982). "Governors hear call for drug task force". <i><a href="/wiki/Clarion_Ledger" class="mw-redirect" title="Clarion Ledger">Clarion Ledger</a></i>. Jackson, Mississippi. p. 4A.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clarion+Ledger&rft.atitle=Governors+hear+call+for+drug+task+force&rft.pages=4A&rft.date=1982-07-27&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=Don&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJackson%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span> - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79333835/for-southern-states-and-a-drug-task/">Clipping from</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210610224023/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79333835/for-southern-states-and-a-drug-task/">Archived</a> June 10, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Editors. (October 18, 1982) "Escalating war: plan beefs up drug enforcement". <i>Clarion Ledger.</i> (Jackson). p. 10A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79333975/for-articles-about-drug-smuggling-in-the/">Clipping from</a> <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eubank, Jay. (May 13, 1989) "More issues discussed during cliche-free round two". <i>Clarion Ledger</i> (Jackson)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB113/north06.pdf">"<i>"Drugs, Law Enforcement, and Foreign Policy, a Report".</i>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. United States Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations. Subcommittee on Terrorism, Narcotics, and International Operations. December 1988. pp. 278–295. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160411053033/https://www2.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB113/north06.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on April 11, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 3,</span> 2015</span>. <q>Appendix. 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Retrieved September 3, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.desototimes.com/news/drug-kingpin-cohorts-appeal-convictions/article_e7a039d8-7935-5587-a367-3a70bf9fce79.html">Desoto Times website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304142005/http://www.desototimes.com/news/drug-kingpin-cohorts-appeal-convictions/article_e7a039d8-7935-5587-a367-3a70bf9fce79.html">Archived</a> March 4, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080517055707/http://blogs.usatoday.com/ondeadline/2007/11/mayor-appoints.html">"Mayor appoints sheriff who arrested him – twice – as police chief"</a>. <i>USA Today</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 22,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sacramento+Bee&rft.atitle=March+aims+to+draw+attention+to+slaying+of+black+Mississippi+man&rft.date=2011-08-15&rft.aulast=Sperling&rft.aufirst=Nicole&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sacbee.com%2F2011%2F08%2F15%2F3838036%2Fmarch-aims-to-draw-attention-to.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJackson%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged November 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Severson0822-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Severson0822_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeverson2011" class="citation news cs1">Severson, Kimberly (August 22, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/23/us/23jackson.html?hp">"Killing of Black Man Prompts Reflection on Race in Mississippi"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150612220507/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/23/us/23jackson.html?hp">Archived</a> from the original on June 12, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 22,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Killing+of+Black+Man+Prompts+Reflection+on+Race+in+Mississippi&rft.date=2011-08-22&rft.aulast=Severson&rft.aufirst=Kimberly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F08%2F23%2Fus%2F23jackson.html%3Fhp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJackson%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ap0822-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ap0822_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/08/18/james-craig-anderson-fbi-investigation_n_930155.html">"James Craig Anderson's Death: FBI Investigates Fatal Rundown of Black Man in Mississippi"</a>. Associated Press. August 18, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120207020216/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/08/18/james-craig-anderson-fbi-investigation_n_930155.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 7, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 22,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=James+Craig+Anderson%27s+Death%3A+FBI+Investigates+Fatal+Rundown+of+Black+Man+in+Mississippi&rft.date=2011-08-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2F2011%2F08%2F18%2Fjames-craig-anderson-fbi-investigation_n_930155.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJackson%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.srh.noaa.gov/jan/?n=2013_03_18_severe/">March 18, 2013: Severe Weather Event</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181018201628/http://www.srh.noaa.gov/jan/?n=2013_03_18_severe%2F">Archived</a> October 18, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, NOAA</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://msbusiness.com/blog/2013/04/03/insurers-see-more-than-40000-hailstorm-claims-chaney-expects-more/">Insurers see more than 40,000 hailstorm claims</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130927060259/http://msbusiness.com/blog/2013/04/03/insurers-see-more-than-40000-hailstorm-claims-chaney-expects-more/">Archived</a> September 27, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Mississippi Business blog, April 3, 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cntraveler.com/daily-traveler/2013/07/travel-us-cities-charleston-newark-branson-friendly-unfriendly_slideshow_item4_5">"The Friendliest and Unfriendliest Cities in the U.S."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130803043125/http://www.cntraveler.com/daily-traveler/2013/07/travel-us-cities-charleston-newark-branson-friendly-unfriendly_slideshow_item4_5">Archived</a> August 3, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>CN Traveler</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarnes2014" class="citation web cs1">Barnes, Dustin (April 24, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.clarionledger.com/story/news/2014/04/24/mayor-elect-tony-yarber-take-oath-office/8105543/">"Mayor Tony Yarber Preaches Plans for Jackson"</a>. <i>Clarion-Ledger</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Clarion-Ledger&rft.atitle=Mayor+Tony+Yarber+Preaches+Plans+for+Jackson&rft.date=2014-04-24&rft.aulast=Barnes&rft.aufirst=Dustin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.clarionledger.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2F2014%2F04%2F24%2Fmayor-elect-tony-yarber-take-oath-office%2F8105543%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJackson%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.democracynow.org/2017/6/26/jackson_miss_mayor_elect_chokwe_lumumba">"Jackson, Miss. Mayor-elect Chokwe Lumumba: I Plan to Build the "Most Radical City on the Planet"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Democracy Now!</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170626202539/https://www.democracynow.org/2017/6/26/jackson_miss_mayor_elect_chokwe_lumumba">Archived</a> from the original on June 26, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 27,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Democracy+Now%21&rft.atitle=Jackson%2C+Miss.+Mayor-elect+Chokwe+Lumumba%3A+I+Plan+to+Build+the+%22Most+Radical+City+on+the+Planet%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.democracynow.org%2F2017%2F6%2F26%2Fjackson_miss_mayor_elect_chokwe_lumumba&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJackson%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmir_VeraJason_HannaNouran_Salahieh2022" class="citation news cs1">Amir Vera; Jason Hanna; Nouran Salahieh (August 31, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2022/08/30/us/jackson-water-system-failing-tuesday/index.html">"The water crisis in Jackson, Mississippi, has gotten so bad, the city temporarily ran out of bottled water to give to residents"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 1,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+water+crisis+in+Jackson%2C+Mississippi%2C+has+gotten+so+bad%2C+the+city+temporarily+ran+out+of+bottled+water+to+give+to+residents&rft.date=2022-08-31&rft.au=Amir+Vera&rft.au=Jason+Hanna&rft.au=Nouran+Salahieh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2022%2F08%2F30%2Fus%2Fjackson-water-system-failing-tuesday%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJackson%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRojas2022" class="citation news cs1">Rojas, Rick (August 30, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/30/us/mississippi-jackson-water.html">"Mississippi's Capital Loses Water as a Troubled System Faces a Fresh Crisis"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220830183233/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/30/us/mississippi-jackson-water.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 30, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 16,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Factfinder&rft.atitle=Geographic+Identifiers%3A+2010+Census+Summary+File+1+%28G001%29%3A+Jackson+city%2C+Mississippi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffactfinder.census.gov%2Fbkmk%2Ftable%2F1.0%2Fen%2FDEC%2F10_SF1%2FG001%2F1600000US2836000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJackson%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://casoilresource.lawr.ucdavis.edu/gmap/">https://casoilresource.lawr.ucdavis.edu/gmap/</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211119221418/https://casoilresource.lawr.ucdavis.edu/gmap/">Archived</a> November 19, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> SoilWeb (Jackson MS)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jackson_Volcano-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jackson_Volcano_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMississippi2003" class="citation news cs1">Mississippi, University of (December 12, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071126202854/http://smartweed.olemiss.edu/nmgk8/curriculum/middleschool/eighth/geology_of_mississippi/The%20Geology%20of%20Mississippi.pdf">"The Geology of Mississippi"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/University_of_Mississippi" title="University of Mississippi">University of Mississippi</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://smartweed.olemiss.edu/nmgk8/curriculum/middleschool/eighth/geology_of_mississippi/The%20Geology%20of%20Mississippi.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on November 26, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 27,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=University+of+Mississippi&rft.atitle=The+Geology+of+Mississippi&rft.date=2003-12-12&rft.aulast=Mississippi&rft.aufirst=University+of&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsmartweed.olemiss.edu%2Fnmgk8%2Fcurriculum%2Fmiddleschool%2Feighth%2Fgeology_of_mississippi%2FThe%2520Geology%2520of%2520Mississippi.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJackson%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harvey, E.J. et al. (April 1964). <i>Ground-Water Resources of Hinds, Madison, and Rankin Counties, Miss.</i> Bulletin 64-1. The state of Mississippi. Board of Water Commissioners. p. 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NCDC-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NCDC_69-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NCDC_69-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=USW00003940&format=pdf">"Station: Jackson INTL AP, MS"</a>. <i>U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991-2020)</i>. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211203051415/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=USW00003940&format=pdf">Archived</a> from the original on December 3, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 16,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Climate+Normals+2020%3A+U.S.+Monthly+Climate+Normals+%281991-2020%29&rft.atitle=Station%3A+Jackson+INTL+AP%2C+MS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncei.noaa.gov%2Faccess%2Fservices%2Fdata%2Fv1%3Fdataset%3Dnormals-monthly-1991-2020%26startDate%3D0001-01-01%26endDate%3D9996-12-31%26stations%3DUSW00003940%26format%3Dpdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJackson%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harvey, E.J. et al. (1964) op cit</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NOWData_Jackson,_MS-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NOWData_Jackson,_MS_71-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NOWData_Jackson,_MS_71-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NOWData_Jackson,_MS_71-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=jan">"NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data"</a>. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210530182437/https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=jan">Archived</a> from the original on May 30, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 16,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NowData+%E2%80%93+NOAA+Online+Weather+Data&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fw2.weather.gov%2Fclimate%2Fxmacis.php%3Fwfo%3Djan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJackson%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-noaasun-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-noaasun_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_IV/US/GROUP3/72235.TXT">"WMO Climate Normals for JACKSON/THOMPSON FIELD MS 1961–1990"</a>. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 31,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1850+Census+of+Population%3A+Mississippi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.census.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fdecennial%2F1850%2F1850a%2F1850a-34.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJackson%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wlbt.com/story/1239828/businesses-leave-downtown-jackson/">"Businesses Leave Downtown Jackson"</a>. April 19, 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230626150241/https://www.wlbt.com/story/1239828/businesses-leave-downtown-jackson/">Archived</a> from the original on June 26, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 26,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Businesses+Leave+Downtown+Jackson&rft.date=2003-04-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wlbt.com%2Fstory%2F1239828%2Fbusinesses-leave-downtown-jackson%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJackson%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBisahaChatlani2022" class="citation web cs1">Bisaha, Stephan; Chatlani, Shalina (November 13, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2022/11/13/1136342601/after-decades-of-neglect-jacksons-black-business-district-is-coming-back-to-life">"After decades of neglect, Jackson's Black business district is coming back to life"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230626150241/https://www.npr.org/2022/11/13/1136342601/after-decades-of-neglect-jacksons-black-business-district-is-coming-back-to-life">Archived</a> from the original on June 26, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 9,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=After+decades+of+neglect%2C+Jackson%27s+Black+business+district+is+coming+back+to+life&rft.date=2022-11-13&rft.aulast=Bisaha&rft.aufirst=Stephan&rft.au=Chatlani%2C+Shalina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2022%2F11%2F13%2F1136342601%2Fafter-decades-of-neglect-jacksons-black-business-district-is-coming-back-to-life&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJackson%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmily_Wagster_Pettus2022" class="citation news cs1">Emily Wagster Pettus (September 1, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/business-us-news-weekend-reads-mississippi-jackson-4feba8f9a550bbaaefb343ae20881b9f">"Mississippi capital's water disaster developed over decades"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230331093250/https://apnews.com/article/business-us-news-weekend-reads-mississippi-jackson-4feba8f9a550bbaaefb343ae20881b9f">Archived</a> from the original on March 31, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 31,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Mississippi+capital%27s+water+disaster+developed+over+decades&rft.date=2022-09-01&rft.au=Emily+Wagster+Pettus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fbusiness-us-news-weekend-reads-mississippi-jackson-4feba8f9a550bbaaefb343ae20881b9f&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJackson%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2000CensusP004-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2000CensusP004_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/table?g=160XX00US2836000&tid=DECENNIALSF12000.P004">"P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Jackson city, Mississippi"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=P004%3A+Hispanic+or+Latino%2C+and+Not+Hispanic+or+Latino+by+Race+%E2%80%93+2000%3A+DEC+Summary+File+1+%E2%80%93+Jackson+city%2C+Mississippi&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Ftable%3Fg%3D160XX00US2836000%26tid%3DDECENNIALSF12000.P004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJackson%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2010CensusP2-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2010CensusP2_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US2836000&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2">"P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race - 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Jackson city, Mississippi"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220911175807/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US2836000&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2">Archived</a> from the original on September 11, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 11,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.atitle=P2+Hispanic+or+Latino%2C+and+Not+Hispanic+or+Latino+by+Race+-+2010%3A+DEC+Redistricting+Data+%28PL+94-171%29+%E2%80%93+Jackson+city%2C+Mississippi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Fcedsci%2Ftable%3Fg%3D1600000US2836000%26tid%3DDECENNIALPL2010.P2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJackson%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2020CensusP2-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2020CensusP2_84-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2020CensusP2_84-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US2836000&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2">"P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race - 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Jackson city, Mississippi"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220410071420/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US2836000&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2">Archived</a> from the original on April 10, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 16,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.atitle=P2+Hispanic+or+Latino%2C+and+Not+Hispanic+or+Latino+by+Race+-+2020%3A+DEC+Redistricting+Data+%28PL+94-171%29+%E2%80%93+Jackson+city%2C+Mississippi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Fcedsci%2Ftable%3Fg%3D1600000US2836000%26tid%3DDECENNIALPL2020.P2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJackson%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GR2-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GR2_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/">"U.S. Census website"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200820053605/https://www.census.gov/">Archived</a> from the original on August 20, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 31,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Census+website&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJackson%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/mississippi-census-2020-a1e6f0aa9d508d88b13af95354f07711">"Census shows Mississippi lost population and diversified"</a>. <i>AP NEWS</i>. April 26, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221126203805/https://apnews.com/article/mississippi-census-2020-a1e6f0aa9d508d88b13af95354f07711">Archived</a> from the original on November 26, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 26,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+NEWS&rft.atitle=Census+shows+Mississippi+lost+population+and+diversified&rft.date=2021-04-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fmississippi-census-2020-a1e6f0aa9d508d88b13af95354f07711&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJackson%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/census-2020-house-elections-4ee80e72846c151aa41a808b06d975ea">"Census shows US is diversifying, white population shrinking"</a>. <i>AP NEWS</i>. August 12, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221126214226/https://apnews.com/article/census-2020-house-elections-4ee80e72846c151aa41a808b06d975ea">Archived</a> from the original on November 26, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 26,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+NEWS&rft.atitle=Census+shows+US+is+diversifying%2C+white+population+shrinking&rft.date=2021-08-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fcensus-2020-house-elections-4ee80e72846c151aa41a808b06d975ea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJackson%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070926011613/http://censtats.census.gov/data/MS/1602836000.pdf">"Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2000"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://censtats.census.gov/data/MS/1602836000.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on September 26, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.atitle=Profile+of+General+Demographic+Characteristics%3A+2000&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcenstats.census.gov%2Fdata%2FMS%2F1602836000.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJackson%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/table?q=Jackson+city,+Mississippi+income&tid=ACSST1Y2021.S1901">"2020 Income Characteristics"</a>. <i>data.census.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221126214227/https://data.census.gov/table?q=Jackson+city,+Mississippi+income&tid=ACSST1Y2021.S1901">Archived</a> from the original on November 26, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 26,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=data.census.gov&rft.atitle=2020+Income+Characteristics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Ftable%3Fq%3DJackson%2Bcity%2C%2BMississippi%2Bincome%26tid%3DACSST1Y2021.S1901&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJackson%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wapt.com/article/grocery-store-closes-creating-food-desert-in-area-of-jackson/43879499">"Grocery store closes, creating food desert in area of Jackson"</a>. May 13, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240303125258/https://www.wapt.com/article/grocery-store-closes-creating-food-desert-in-area-of-jackson/43879499">Archived</a> from the original on March 3, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 3,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Grocery+store+closes%2C+creating+food+desert+in+area+of+Jackson&rft.date=2023-05-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wapt.com%2Farticle%2Fgrocery-store-closes-creating-food-desert-in-area-of-jackson%2F43879499&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJackson%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wjtv.com/news/local-news/northside-drive-waffle-house-closes-its-doors/">"Northside Drive Waffle House closes its doors"</a>. September 28, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240303125253/https://www.wjtv.com/news/local-news/northside-drive-waffle-house-closes-its-doors/">Archived</a> from the original on March 3, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 3,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Northside+Drive+Waffle+House+closes+its+doors&rft.date=2023-09-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wjtv.com%2Fnews%2Flocal-news%2Fnorthside-drive-waffle-house-closes-its-doors%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJackson%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VndTSQP9YUY">"Jackson councilman blames shoplifting for Food Depot closure"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240303125439/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VndTSQP9YUY">Archived</a> from the original on March 3, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 3,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Jackson+councilman+blames+shoplifting+for+Food+Depot+closure&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DVndTSQP9YUY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJackson%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeMaster2021" class="citation web cs1">LeMaster, C. J. (January 2, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wlbt.com/2021/01/01/jackson-closes-out-with-most-homicides-city-history-higher-rate-killings-than-new-orleans-memphis/">"Jackson closes out 2020 with the most homicides in city history, and a higher rate of killings than New Orleans, Memphis"</a>. <i>Wlbt.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210129165133/https://www.wlbt.com/2021/01/01/jackson-closes-out-with-most-homicides-city-history-higher-rate-killings-than-new-orleans-memphis/">Archived</a> from the original on January 29, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 23,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wlbt.com&rft.atitle=Jackson+closes+out+2020+with+the+most+homicides+in+city+history%2C+and+a+higher+rate+of+killings+than+New+Orleans%2C+Memphis&rft.date=2021-01-02&rft.aulast=LeMaster&rft.aufirst=C.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wlbt.com%2F2021%2F01%2F01%2Fjackson-closes-out-with-most-homicides-city-history-higher-rate-killings-than-new-orleans-memphis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJackson%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEstes2021" class="citation web cs1">Estes, Hunter (January 15, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mspolicy.org/jackson-homicide-rate-reaches-record-high/">"Jackson Homicide Rate Reaches Record High"</a>. <i>Mississippi Center for Public Policy</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210115153749/https://mspolicy.org/jackson-homicide-rate-reaches-record-high/">Archived</a> from the original on January 15, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 23,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mississippi+Center+for+Public+Policy&rft.atitle=Jackson+Homicide+Rate+Reaches+Record+High&rft.date=2021-01-15&rft.aulast=Estes&rft.aufirst=Hunter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmspolicy.org%2Fjackson-homicide-rate-reaches-record-high%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJackson%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeMaster2021" class="citation web cs1">LeMaster, C. J. (January 2, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wlbt.com/2021/01/01/jackson-closes-out-with-most-homicides-city-history-higher-rate-killings-than-new-orleans-memphis/">"Jackson closes out 2020 with the most homicides in city history, and a higher rate of killings than New Orleans, Memphis"</a>. <i>Wlbt.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210129165133/https://www.wlbt.com/2021/01/01/jackson-closes-out-with-most-homicides-city-history-higher-rate-killings-than-new-orleans-memphis/">Archived</a> from the original on January 29, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 3,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wlbt.com&rft.atitle=Jackson+closes+out+2020+with+the+most+homicides+in+city+history%2C+and+a+higher+rate+of+killings+than+New+Orleans%2C+Memphis&rft.date=2021-01-02&rft.aulast=LeMaster&rft.aufirst=C.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wlbt.com%2F2021%2F01%2F01%2Fjackson-closes-out-with-most-homicides-city-history-higher-rate-killings-than-new-orleans-memphis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJackson%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210503231602/https://crime-data-explorer.fr.cloud.gov/pages/explorer/crime/crime-trend">"Summary crime reported by the Jackson Police Department"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://crime-data-explorer.fr.cloud.gov/pages/explorer/crime/crime-trend">the original</a> on May 3, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 30,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Summary+crime+reported+by+the+Jackson+Police+Department&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcrime-data-explorer.fr.cloud.gov%2Fpages%2Fexplorer%2Fcrime%2Fcrime-trend&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJackson%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.wlbt.com/news/crime/jackson-homicides/">https://www.wlbt.com/news/crime/jackson-homicides/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.clarionledger.com/story/news/2022/01/27/jackson-mississippi-2021-homicides-highest-per-capita-murder-rate/9230045002/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'There's something wrong when Jackson's murder rate is higher than Atlanta,' official says"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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"Blurring the lines between Light and Glass", <i>Oxford Enterprise</i>, Oxford, Mississippi, 18 April 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051108122419/http://www.mdac.state.ms.us/n_library/departments/ag_museum/index_agmuseum.html">"Mississippi Agriculture & Forestry Museum / National Agricultural Aviation Museum"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mdac.state.ms.us/n_library/departments/ag_museum/index_agmuseum.html">the original</a> on November 8, 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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City of Jackson, Mississippi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140426232223/http://www.jacksonms.gov/index.aspx?nid=111">Archived</a> from the original on April 26, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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February 15, 1995. C2 Coast and State. Retrieved September 24, 2011. "...County jail to the central Mississippi prison near Jackson in mid- 1994."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://usps.whitepages.com/service/post_office/jackson-401-e-south-st-jackson-ms-1438060">Post Office Location – JACKSON</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110227105943/http://usps.whitepages.com/service/post_office/jackson-401-e-south-st-jackson-ms-1438060">Archived</a> February 27, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service" title="United States Postal Service">United States Postal Service</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 17,</span> 2019</span>. <q>In JPS, 99 percent of students are eligible for free and reduced lunch, as determined by federal poverty guidelines.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jackson+Free+Press&rft.atitle=How+Integration+Failed+in+Jackson%27s+Public+Schools+from+1969+to+2017&rft.date=2017-11-15&rft.au=Dreher%2C+Arielle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jacksonfreepress.com%2Fnews%2F2017%2Fnov%2F15%2Fhow-integration-failed-jacksons-public-schools-196%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJackson%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051228204702/http://www.jackson.k12.ms.us/school_sites/CDC/index.htm">"Career Development Center: Home"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 17,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TI+News+Daily&rft.atitle=Jackson%2C+Miss.%2C+mayor+declares+infrastructure+emergency&rft.date=2015-03-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftinewsdaily.com%2Fstories%2F510504641-jackson-miss-mayor-declares-infrastructure-emergency&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJackson%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wjtv-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wjtv_151-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAldridge2015" class="citation news cs1">Aldridge, Donesha (April 13, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150417065906/http://www.wjtv.com/story/28790170/mayor-yarber-discusses-citys-infrastructure-with-state-staff-members">"Mayor Yarber discusses city's infrastructure with state staff members"</a>. <i>WJTV.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wjtv.com/story/28790170/mayor-yarber-discusses-citys-infrastructure-with-state-staff-members">the original</a> on April 17, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 17,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WJTV.com&rft.atitle=Mayor+Yarber+discusses+city%27s+infrastructure+with+state+staff+members&rft.date=2015-04-13&rft.aulast=Aldridge&rft.aufirst=Donesha&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wjtv.com%2Fstory%2F28790170%2Fmayor-yarber-discusses-citys-infrastructure-with-state-staff-members&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJackson%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.transportation.gov/briefing-room/fhwa1417">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Quick Release" Emergency Relief Grant"</a>. <i>www.transportation.gov</i>. September 19, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220122034202/https://www.transportation.gov/briefing-room/fhwa1417">Archived</a> from the original on January 22, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 22,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.transportation.gov&rft.atitle=%22Quick+Release%22+Emergency+Relief+Grant&rft.date=2017-09-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.transportation.gov%2Fbriefing-room%2Ffhwa1417&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJackson%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-62727586">"Jackson, Mississippi has 'no water to drink or flush toilets'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. August 30, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220830170526/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-62727586">Archived</a> from the original on August 30, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 30,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Jackson%2C+Mississippi+has+%27no+water+to+drink+or+flush+toilets%27&rft.date=2022-08-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-us-canada-62727586&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJackson%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180511162014/http://www.governing.com/gov-data/car-ownership-numbers-of-vehicles-by-city-map.html">"Car Ownership in U.S. Cities Data and Map"</a>. <i>Governing</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.governing.com/gov-data/car-ownership-numbers-of-vehicles-by-city-map.html">the original</a> on May 11, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 4,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Governing&rft.atitle=Car+Ownership+in+U.S.+Cities+Data+and+Map&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.governing.com%2Fgov-data%2Fcar-ownership-numbers-of-vehicles-by-city-map.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJackson%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bikewalkmississippi.org/complete-streets">"Mississippians for Complete Streets"</a>. <i>Bike Walk Mississippi</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220107014332/https://www.bikewalkmississippi.org/complete-streets">Archived</a> from the original on January 7, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 7,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bike+Walk+Mississippi&rft.atitle=Mississippians+for+Complete+Streets&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bikewalkmississippi.org%2Fcomplete-streets&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJackson%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jacksonms.gov/documents/complete-street-policy/">"Complete Street Policy"</a>. <i>The City of Jackson, Mississippi</i>. City of Jackson, MS. November 5, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220107014919/https://www.jacksonms.gov/documents/complete-street-policy/">Archived</a> from the original on January 7, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 7,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+City+of+Jackson%2C+Mississippi&rft.atitle=Complete+Street+Policy&rft.date=2015-11-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jacksonms.gov%2Fdocuments%2Fcomplete-street-policy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJackson%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.defense.gov/releases/release.aspx?releaseid=14364">"Navy Names Littoral Combat Ships Jackson and Montgomery"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150709123454/http://www.defense.gov/releases/release.aspx?releaseid=14364">Archived</a> July 9, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> DOD press release. March 25, 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-marker-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-marker_158-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071004115054/http://www.visitmississippi.org/press_news/SubwayLoungeBluesMarkerRelease.pdf">"Jackson To Honor Fallen Juke Joint with Mississippi Blues Trail Marker"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Mississippi Development Authority. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visitmississippi.org/press_news/SubwayLoungeBluesMarkerRelease.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on October 4, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 1,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jackson+To+Honor+Fallen+Juke+Joint+with+Mississippi+Blues+Trail+Marker&rft.pub=Mississippi+Development+Authority&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitmississippi.org%2Fpress_news%2FSubwayLoungeBluesMarkerRelease.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJackson%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.robertmugge.com/jukes_photos.htm">"Last of the Mississippi Jukes – Photo Album"</a>. robertmugge.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080602142331/http://robertmugge.com/jukes_photos.htm">Archived</a> from the original on June 2, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 1,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Last+of+the+Mississippi+Jukes+%E2%80%93+Photo+Album&rft.pub=robertmugge.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.robertmugge.com%2Fjukes_photos.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJackson%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tour-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tour_160-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visitjackson.com/Discover-Jackson/Itineraries/The-Help-in-Belhaven-Neighborhood-Tour">"'The Help' in Belhaven Neighborhood Tour"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140311193052/http://www.visitjackson.com/Discover-Jackson/Itineraries/The-Help-in-Belhaven-Neighborhood-Tour">Archived</a> March 11, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Jackson Convention and Visitors Bureau</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.clarionledger.com/article/20140113/NEWS01/301130002/Filming-Get-Up-ongoing-Jackson">"| The Clarion-Ledger"</a>. clarionledger.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 31,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%26%23124%3B+The+Clarion-Ledger&rft.pub=clarionledger.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.clarionledger.com%2Farticle%2F20140113%2FNEWS01%2F301130002%2FFilming-Get-Up-ongoing-Jackson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJackson%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.onlocationvacations.com/2013/11/04/get-on-up-the-james-brown-biopic-filming-in-natchez-mississippi-and-still-looking-for-extras/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Get On Up', the James Brown biopic filming in Natchez, Mississippi and still looking for extras"</a>. Onlocationvacations.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131224113251/http://www.onlocationvacations.com/2013/11/04/get-on-up-the-james-brown-biopic-filming-in-natchez-mississippi-and-still-looking-for-extras/">Archived</a> from the original on December 24, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 31,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27Get+On+Up%27%2C+the+James+Brown+biopic+filming+in+Natchez%2C+Mississippi+and+still+looking+for+extras&rft.pub=Onlocationvacations.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.onlocationvacations.com%2F2013%2F11%2F04%2Fget-on-up-the-james-brown-biopic-filming-in-natchez-mississippi-and-still-looking-for-extras%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJackson%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFleming2012" class="citation magazine cs1">Fleming, Mike (October 22, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deadline.com/2012/10/the-helps-tate-taylor-and-mick-jagger-join-brian-grazer-on-james-brown-biopic-357738/">"James Brown Movie - 'The Help's Tate Taylor And Mick Jagger Aboard"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Deadline_Hollywood" title="Deadline Hollywood">Deadline Hollywood</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140502073850/http://www.deadline.com/2012/10/the-helps-tate-taylor-and-mick-jagger-join-brian-grazer-on-james-brown-biopic/">Archived</a> from the original on May 2, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 31,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deadline+Hollywood&rft.atitle=James+Brown+Movie+-+%27The+Help%27s+Tate+Taylor+And+Mick+Jagger+Aboard&rft.date=2012-10-22&rft.aulast=Fleming&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeadline.com%2F2012%2F10%2Fthe-helps-tate-taylor-and-mick-jagger-join-brian-grazer-on-james-brown-biopic-357738%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJackson%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.broadway.com/buzz/183179/speech-debate-film-will-feature-spencer-liff-choreo-skylar-astin-lin-manuel-miranda-cameo/">"Speech& Debate Film Will Feature Spencer Liff Choreo"</a>. <i>www.broadway.com</i>. December 10, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160820151557/http://www.broadway.com/buzz/183179/speech-debate-film-will-feature-spencer-liff-choreo-skylar-astin-lin-manuel-miranda-cameo/">Archived</a> from the original on August 20, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 30,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.broadway.com&rft.atitle=Speech%26+Debate+Film+Will+Feature+Spencer+Liff+Choreo&rft.date=2015-12-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.broadway.com%2Fbuzz%2F183179%2Fspeech-debate-film-will-feature-spencer-liff-choreo-skylar-astin-lin-manuel-miranda-cameo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJackson%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGerard2015" class="citation web cs1">Gerard, Jeremy (July 9, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deadline.com/2015/07/liam-james-sarah-steele-topline-speech-debate-for-sycamore-pictures-1201472474/">"Liam James & Sarah Steele Topline 'Speech & Debate' For Sycamore Pictures; Dan Harris Directing"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Deadline_Hollywood" title="Deadline Hollywood">Deadline Hollywood</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160811063244/http://deadline.com/2015/07/liam-james-sarah-steele-topline-speech-debate-for-sycamore-pictures-1201472474/">Archived</a> from the original on August 11, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 30,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deadline+Hollywood&rft.atitle=Liam+James+%26+Sarah+Steele+Topline+%27Speech+%26+Debate%27+For+Sycamore+Pictures%3B+Dan+Harris+Directing&rft.date=2015-07-09&rft.aulast=Gerard&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeadline.com%2F2015%2F07%2Fliam-james-sarah-steele-topline-speech-debate-for-sycamore-pictures-1201472474%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJackson%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jackson,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Jackson,_Mississippi#Bibliography" title="Timeline of Jackson, Mississippi">Bibliography of the history of Jackson, Mississippi</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jackson,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output 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li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Jackson, Mississippi</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Jackson" class="extiw" title="wikt:Jackson">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Jackson,_Mississippi" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Jackson, Mississippi">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Jackson_(Mississippi)" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Jackson (Mississippi)">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Jackson_(Mississippi)" class="extiw" title="voy:Jackson (Mississippi)">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28198" class="extiw" title="d:Q28198">Data</a> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jacksonms.gov">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28198#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visitjackson.com/">Jackson Convention & Visitors Bureau</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130812034150/http://www.visitjackson.com/">Archived</a> August 12, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metrochamber.com">Metro Jackson Chamber of Commerce</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201127145345/https://metrochamber.com/">Archived</a> November 27, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jackson,_Mississippi" title="Template:Jackson, Mississippi"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jackson,_Mississippi" title="Template talk:Jackson, Mississippi"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jackson,_Mississippi" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jackson, Mississippi"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_City_of_Jackson" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_Jackson%2C_Mississippi.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jackson%2C_Mississippi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_Jackson%2C_Mississippi.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jackson%2C_Mississippi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_Jackson%2C_Mississippi.svg/45px-Flag_of_Jackson%2C_Mississippi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">City of Jackson</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tougaloo,_Mississippi" title="Tougaloo, Mississippi">Tougaloo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Primary &<br />secondary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_Public_School_District" title="Jackson Public School District">Jackson Public School District</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Callaway_High_School_(Mississippi)" title="Callaway High School (Mississippi)">Callaway HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_Hill_High_School" title="Forest Hill High School">Forest Hill HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Hill_High_School" title="Jim Hill High School">Jim Hill HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanier_High_School_(Jackson,_Mississippi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanier High School (Jackson, Mississippi)">Lanier HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murrah_High_School" title="Murrah High School">Murrah HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provine_High_School" title="Provine High School">Provine HS</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hinds_County_School_District" title="Hinds County School District">Hinds County School District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_County_School_District_(Mississippi)" title="Madison County School District (Mississippi)">Madison County School District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_Public_School_District" title="Clinton Public School District">Clinton Public School District</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_School_for_the_Blind" title="Mississippi School for the Blind">Mississippi School for the Blind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_School_for_the_Deaf" title="Mississippi School for the Deaf">Mississippi School for the Deaf</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hillcrest_Christian_School" title="Hillcrest Christian School">Hillcrest Christian School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_Academy_(Mississippi)" title="Jackson Academy (Mississippi)">Jackson Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Andrew%27s_Episcopal_School_(Mississippi)" title="St. Andrew's Episcopal School (Mississippi)">St. Andrew's Episcopal School</a> Lower school</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former<br />schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_High_School_(Jackson,_Mississippi)" title="Central High School (Jackson, Mississippi)">Central HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wingfield_High_School" title="Wingfield High School">Wingfield HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veritas_School_(Ridgeland,_Mississippi)" title="Veritas School (Ridgeland, Mississippi)">Veritas School</a> (moved to Ridgeland, later closed)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tertiary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_State_University" title="Jackson State University">Jackson State University</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Jackson_State_University" title="Template:Jackson State University">see template</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tougaloo_College" title="Tougaloo College">Tougaloo College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinds_Community_College" title="Hinds Community College">Hinds Community College</a> <ul><li>Some campuses are in Jackson</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belhaven_University" title="Belhaven University">Belhaven University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millsaps_College" title="Millsaps College">Millsaps College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_College_School_of_Law" title="Mississippi College School of Law">Mississippi College School of Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesley_Biblical_Seminary" title="Wesley Biblical Seminary">Wesley Biblical Seminary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Libraries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jackson/Hinds_Library_System" title="Jackson/Hinds Library System">Jackson/Hinds Library System</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transportation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jackson%E2%80%93Evers_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Jackson–Evers International Airport">Jackson–Evers International Airport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Musicians_Hall_of_Fame" title="Mississippi Musicians Hall of Fame">Mississippi Musicians Hall of Fame Museum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_Transit_System" title="Jackson Transit System">Jackson Transit System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Station_(Jackson,_Mississippi)" title="Union Station (Jackson, Mississippi)">Union Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawkins_Field_(airport)" title="Hawkins Field (airport)">Hawkins Field</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Clarion-Ledger" title="The Clarion-Ledger">The Clarion-Ledger</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Northside_Sun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Northside Sun (page does not exist)">The Northside Sun</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jackson_Free_Press" title="Jackson Free Press">Jackson Free Press</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jackson_Advocate" title="Jackson Advocate">Jackson Advocate</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medgar_and_Myrlie_Evers_Home_National_Monument" title="Medgar and Myrlie Evers Home National Monument">Medgar and Myrlie Evers Home National Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_Zoo" title="Jackson Zoo">Jackson Zoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Edward_Hotel_(Jackson,_Mississippi)" title="King Edward Hotel (Jackson, Mississippi)">King Edward Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Mississippi_Medical_Center" title="University of Mississippi Medical Center">University of Mississippi Medical Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudora_Welty_House" title="Eudora Welty House">Eudora Welty House</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Jackson" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Jackson">Roman Catholic Diocese of Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Beth_Israel_(Jackson,_Mississippi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregation Beth Israel (Jackson, Mississippi)">Congregation Beth Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Presbyterian_Church_(Jackson,_Mississippi)" title="First Presbyterian Church (Jackson, Mississippi)">First Presbyterian Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Jackson_Preparatory_School" title="Jackson Preparatory School">Jackson Preparatory School</a> serves the Jackson area but is in nearby <a href="/wiki/Flowood,_Mississippi" title="Flowood, Mississippi">Flowood</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Articles_relating_to_Jackson,_Mississippi" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Articles_relating_to_Jackson,_Mississippi" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Articles relating to Jackson, Mississippi</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Hinds_County,_Mississippi,_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hinds_County,_Mississippi" title="Template:Hinds County, Mississippi"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hinds_County,_Mississippi" title="Template talk:Hinds County, Mississippi"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hinds_County,_Mississippi" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hinds County, Mississippi"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Hinds_County,_Mississippi,_United_States" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Municipalities and communities of <a href="/wiki/Hinds_County,_Mississippi" title="Hinds County, Mississippi"><span class="region">Hinds County, Mississippi</span></a>, <span class="country-name">United States</span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div><a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat"><span>County seats</span></a>: <b><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span>Jackson</span></a></b> and <b><a href="/wiki/Raymond,_Mississippi" title="Raymond, Mississippi"><span>Raymond</span></a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/City" title="City">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byram,_Mississippi" title="Byram, Mississippi">Byram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton,_Mississippi" title="Clinton, Mississippi">Clinton</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jackson</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond,_Mississippi" title="Raymond, Mississippi">Raymond</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Map of Mississippi highlighting Hinds County"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Map_of_Mississippi_highlighting_Hinds_County.svg/124px-Map_of_Mississippi_highlighting_Hinds_County.svg.png" decoding="async" width="124" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Map_of_Mississippi_highlighting_Hinds_County.svg/186px-Map_of_Mississippi_highlighting_Hinds_County.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Map_of_Mississippi_highlighting_Hinds_County.svg/248px-Map_of_Mississippi_highlighting_Hinds_County.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="739" data-file-height="1191" /></span><figcaption>Map of Mississippi highlighting Hinds County</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Town" title="Town">Towns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bolton,_Mississippi" title="Bolton, Mississippi">Bolton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwards,_Mississippi" title="Edwards, Mississippi">Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Learned,_Mississippi" title="Learned, Mississippi">Learned</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry,_Mississippi" title="Terry, Mississippi">Terry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utica,_Mississippi" title="Utica, Mississippi">Utica</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">Unincorporated<br />communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brownsville,_Mississippi" title="Brownsville, Mississippi">Brownsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayuga,_Mississippi" title="Cayuga, Mississippi">Cayuga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynthia,_Mississippi" title="Cynthia, Mississippi">Cynthia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midway,_Hinds_County,_Mississippi" title="Midway, Hinds County, Mississippi">Midway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakley_Youth_Development_Center" title="Oakley Youth Development Center">Oakley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocahontas,_Mississippi" title="Pocahontas, Mississippi">Pocahontas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;">Footnotes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">‡ This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Mississippi_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Mississippi (state)"><span>Mississippi portal</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States"><span>United States portal</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Madison_County,_Mississippi,_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Madison_County,_Mississippi" title="Template:Madison County, Mississippi"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Madison_County,_Mississippi" title="Template talk:Madison County, Mississippi"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Madison_County,_Mississippi" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Madison County, Mississippi"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Madison_County,_Mississippi,_United_States" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Municipalities and communities of <a href="/wiki/Madison_County,_Mississippi" title="Madison County, Mississippi"><span class="region">Madison County, Mississippi</span></a>, <span class="country-name">United States</span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div><a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat"><span>County seat</span></a>: <b><a href="/wiki/Canton,_Mississippi" title="Canton, Mississippi"><span>Canton</span></a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/City" title="City">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canton,_Mississippi" title="Canton, Mississippi">Canton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gluckstadt,_Mississippi" title="Gluckstadt, Mississippi">Gluckstadt</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jackson</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison,_Mississippi" title="Madison, Mississippi">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridgeland,_Mississippi" title="Ridgeland, Mississippi">Ridgeland</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Map of Mississippi highlighting Madison County"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Map_of_Mississippi_highlighting_Madison_County.svg/124px-Map_of_Mississippi_highlighting_Madison_County.svg.png" decoding="async" width="124" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Map_of_Mississippi_highlighting_Madison_County.svg/186px-Map_of_Mississippi_highlighting_Madison_County.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Map_of_Mississippi_highlighting_Madison_County.svg/248px-Map_of_Mississippi_highlighting_Madison_County.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="739" data-file-height="1191" /></span><figcaption>Map of Mississippi highlighting Madison County</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Town_(Mississippi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Town (Mississippi)">Town</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flora,_Mississippi" title="Flora, Mississippi">Flora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Census-designated_place" title="Census-designated place">CDPs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kearney_Park,_Mississippi" title="Kearney Park, Mississippi">Kearney Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">Other<br />communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camden,_Mississippi" title="Camden, Mississippi">Camden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmhaven,_Madison_County,_Mississippi" title="Farmhaven, Madison County, Mississippi">Farmhaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livingston,_Mississippi" title="Livingston, Mississippi">Livingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharon,_Madison_County,_Mississippi" title="Sharon, Madison County, Mississippi">Sharon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernon,_Madison_County,_Mississippi" title="Vernon, Madison County, Mississippi">Vernon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Way,_Mississippi" title="Way, Mississippi">Way</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Ghost_town" title="Ghost town">Ghost town</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beatties_Bluff,_Mississippi" title="Beatties Bluff, Mississippi">Beatties Bluff</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;">Footnotes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Mississippi_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Mississippi (state)"><span>Mississippi portal</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States"><span>United States portal</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Rankin_County,_Mississippi,_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Rankin_County,_Mississippi" title="Template:Rankin County, Mississippi"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Rankin_County,_Mississippi" title="Template talk:Rankin County, Mississippi"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rankin_County,_Mississippi" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rankin County, Mississippi"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Rankin_County,_Mississippi,_United_States" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Municipalities and communities of <a href="/wiki/Rankin_County,_Mississippi" title="Rankin County, Mississippi"><span class="region">Rankin County, Mississippi</span></a>, <span class="country-name">United States</span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div><a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat"><span>County seat</span></a>: <b><a href="/wiki/Brandon,_Mississippi" title="Brandon, Mississippi"><span>Brandon</span></a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/City_(Mississippi)" class="mw-redirect" title="City (Mississippi)">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brandon,_Mississippi" title="Brandon, Mississippi">Brandon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence,_Mississippi" title="Florence, Mississippi">Florence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flowood,_Mississippi" title="Flowood, Mississippi">Flowood</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jackson</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl,_Mississippi" title="Pearl, Mississippi">Pearl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richland,_Mississippi" title="Richland, Mississippi">Richland</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Map of Mississippi highlighting Rankin County"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Map_of_Mississippi_highlighting_Rankin_County.svg/62px-Map_of_Mississippi_highlighting_Rankin_County.svg.png" decoding="async" width="62" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Map_of_Mississippi_highlighting_Rankin_County.svg/93px-Map_of_Mississippi_highlighting_Rankin_County.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Map_of_Mississippi_highlighting_Rankin_County.svg/124px-Map_of_Mississippi_highlighting_Rankin_County.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="739" data-file-height="1191" /></span><figcaption>Map of Mississippi highlighting Rankin County</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Town_(Mississippi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Town (Mississippi)">Towns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pelahatchie,_Mississippi" title="Pelahatchie, Mississippi">Pelahatchie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Village_(Mississippi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Village (Mississippi)">Village</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Puckett,_Mississippi" title="Puckett, Mississippi">Puckett</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Census-designated_place" title="Census-designated place">CDPs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cleary,_Mississippi" title="Cleary, Mississippi">Cleary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robinhood,_Mississippi" title="Robinhood, Mississippi">Robinhood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">Unincorporated<br />communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cross_Roads,_Rankin_County,_Mississippi" title="Cross Roads, Rankin County, Mississippi">Cross Roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fannin,_Mississippi" title="Fannin, Mississippi">Fannin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goshen_Springs,_Mississippi" title="Goshen Springs, Mississippi">Goshen Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenfield,_Mississippi" title="Greenfield, Mississippi">Greenfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulde,_Mississippi" title="Gulde, Mississippi">Gulde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johns,_Mississippi" title="Johns, Mississippi">Johns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koch,_Mississippi" title="Koch, Mississippi">Koch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langford,_Mississippi" title="Langford, Mississippi">Langford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leesburg,_Mississippi" title="Leesburg, Mississippi">Leesburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monterey,_Mississippi" title="Monterey, Mississippi">Monterey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piney_Woods,_Mississippi" title="Piney Woods, Mississippi">Piney Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisgah,_Mississippi" title="Pisgah, Mississippi">Pisgah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sand_Hill,_Rankin_County,_Mississippi" title="Sand Hill, Rankin County, Mississippi">Sand Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star,_Mississippi" title="Star, Mississippi">Star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitfield,_Rankin_County,_Mississippi" title="Whitfield, Rankin County, Mississippi">Whitfield</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Ghost_town" title="Ghost town">Ghost towns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comeby,_Mississippi" title="Comeby, Mississippi">Comeby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobson,_Mississippi" title="Dobson, Mississippi">Dobson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynwood,_Mississippi" title="Lynwood, Mississippi">Lynwood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;">Footnotes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Mississippi_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Mississippi (state)"><span>Mississippi portal</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States"><span>United States portal</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="State_of_Mississippi" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mississippi" title="Template:Mississippi"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mississippi" title="Template talk:Mississippi"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mississippi" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mississippi"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="State_of_Mississippi" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jackson</a></b> (capital)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Mississippi" title="Outline of Mississippi">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Mississippi-related_articles" title="Index of Mississippi-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Mississippi" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Mississippi">Climate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Mississippi" title="Climate change in Mississippi">Climate change</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi#Geography" title="Mississippi">Geography</a></li> <li>Government <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_Mississippi" title="United States congressional delegations from Mississippi">Delegations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Mississippi" title="List of governors of Mississippi">Governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_Mississippi" class="mw-redirect" title="List of lieutenant governors of Mississippi">Lieutenant governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Legislature" title="Mississippi Legislature">Legislature</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Mississippi" title="History of Mississippi">History</a></li> <li>Law <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Mississippi" title="Constitution of Mississippi">Constitution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Mississippi" title="Music of Mississippi">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mississippi_Landmarks" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Mississippi Landmarks">State landmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mississippi_state_parks" title="List of Mississippi state parks">State parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mississippi_state_symbols" title="List of Mississippi state symbols">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_Mississippi" title="Category:Tourist attractions in Mississippi">Tourist attractions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Mississippi" title="Abortion in Mississippi">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Mississippi" title="Crime in Mississippi">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Mississippi" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Mississippi">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Mississippi" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of Mississippi">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Mississippi" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Mississippi">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Mississippi" title="Education in Mississippi">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Mississippi" class="mw-redirect" title="Homelessness in Mississippi">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_laws_in_Mississippi" title="Gun laws in Mississippi">Gun laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_media_in_Mississippi" title="Category:Mass media in Mississippi">Mass media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Mississippi" title="List of newspapers in Mississippi">Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Mississippi" title="List of radio stations in Mississippi">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_Mississippi" title="List of television stations in Mississippi">TV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Mississippi" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Mississippi">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Mississippi" title="List of people from Mississippi">Mississippians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Mississippi#Politics" title="Government of Mississippi">Politics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States#Mississippi" title="List of regions of the United States">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Delta" title="Mississippi Delta">The Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Triangle_(Mississippi)" title="Golden Triangle (Mississippi)">Golden Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Gulf_Coast" title="Mississippi Gulf Coast">Gulf Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Alluvial_Plain" title="Mississippi Alluvial Plain">Mississippi Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natchez_District" title="Natchez District">Natchez District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Mississippi" title="North Mississippi">North Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pine_Belt_(Mississippi)" title="Pine Belt (Mississippi)">Pine Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Valley" title="Tennessee Valley">Tennessee Valley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_in_Mississippi" title="List of metropolitan areas in Mississippi">Metros</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gulfport%E2%80%93Biloxi_metropolitan_area" title="Gulfport–Biloxi metropolitan area">Gulfport-Biloxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hattiesburg_metropolitan_area" title="Hattiesburg metropolitan area">Hattiesburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson,_Mississippi_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Jackson, Mississippi metropolitan area">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memphis_metropolitan_area" title="Memphis metropolitan area">Memphis (TN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascagoula_metropolitan_area" title="Pascagoula metropolitan area">Pascagoula</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mississippi#Major_cities_and_towns" title="Mississippi">Larger cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gulfport,_Mississippi" title="Gulfport, Mississippi">Gulfport</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southaven,_Mississippi" title="Southaven, Mississippi">Southaven</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_smaller_cities_in_Mississippi" class="mw-redirect" title="List of smaller cities in Mississippi">Smaller cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bay_St._Louis,_Mississippi" title="Bay St. Louis, Mississippi">Bay St. Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biloxi,_Mississippi" title="Biloxi, Mississippi">Biloxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandon,_Mississippi" title="Brandon, Mississippi">Brandon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brookhaven,_Mississippi" title="Brookhaven, Mississippi">Brookhaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton,_Mississippi" title="Canton, Mississippi">Canton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarksdale,_Mississippi" title="Clarksdale, Mississippi">Clarksdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland,_Mississippi" title="Cleveland, Mississippi">Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton,_Mississippi" title="Clinton, Mississippi">Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Mississippi" title="Columbus, Mississippi">Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corinth,_Mississippi" title="Corinth, Mississippi">Corinth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gautier,_Mississippi" title="Gautier, Mississippi">Gautier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenville,_Mississippi" title="Greenville, Mississippi">Greenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwood,_Mississippi" title="Greenwood, Mississippi">Greenwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenada,_Mississippi" title="Grenada, Mississippi">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hattiesburg,_Mississippi" title="Hattiesburg, Mississippi">Hattiesburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horn_Lake,_Mississippi" title="Horn Lake, Mississippi">Horn Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianola,_Mississippi" title="Indianola, Mississippi">Indianola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itta_Bena,_Mississippi" title="Itta Bena, Mississippi">Itta Bena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iuka,_Mississippi" title="Iuka, Mississippi">Iuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurel,_Mississippi" title="Laurel, Mississippi">Laurel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Beach,_Mississippi" title="Long Beach, Mississippi">Long Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisville,_Mississippi" title="Louisville, Mississippi">Louisville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison,_Mississippi" title="Madison, Mississippi">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magee,_Mississippi" title="Magee, Mississippi">Magee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McComb,_Mississippi" title="McComb, Mississippi">McComb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mendenhall,_Mississippi" title="Mendenhall, Mississippi">Mendenhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meridian,_Mississippi" title="Meridian, Mississippi">Meridian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moss_Point,_Mississippi" title="Moss Point, Mississippi">Moss Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natchez,_Mississippi" title="Natchez, Mississippi">Natchez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_Springs,_Mississippi" title="Ocean Springs, Mississippi">Ocean Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olive_Branch,_Mississippi" title="Olive Branch, Mississippi">Olive Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford,_Mississippi" title="Oxford, Mississippi">Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascagoula,_Mississippi" title="Pascagoula, Mississippi">Pascagoula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pass_Christian,_Mississippi" title="Pass Christian, Mississippi">Pass Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl,_Mississippi" title="Pearl, Mississippi">Pearl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picayune,_Mississippi" title="Picayune, Mississippi">Picayune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridgeland,_Mississippi" title="Ridgeland, Mississippi">Ridgeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starkville,_Mississippi" title="Starkville, Mississippi">Starkville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunica,_Mississippi" title="Tunica, Mississippi">Tunica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupelo,_Mississippi" title="Tupelo, Mississippi">Tupelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicksburg,_Mississippi" title="Vicksburg, Mississippi">Vicksburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waveland,_Mississippi" title="Waveland, Mississippi">Waveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Hattiesburg,_Mississippi" title="West Hattiesburg, Mississippi">West Hattiesburg (Oak Grove)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Point,_Mississippi" title="West Point, Mississippi">West Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazoo_City,_Mississippi" title="Yazoo City, Mississippi">Yazoo City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Mississippi" title="List of counties in Mississippi">Counties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adams_County,_Mississippi" title="Adams County, Mississippi">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcorn_County,_Mississippi" title="Alcorn County, Mississippi">Alcorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amite_County,_Mississippi" title="Amite County, Mississippi">Amite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attala_County,_Mississippi" title="Attala County, Mississippi">Attala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benton_County,_Mississippi" title="Benton County, Mississippi">Benton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivar_County,_Mississippi" title="Bolivar County, Mississippi">Bolivar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calhoun_County,_Mississippi" title="Calhoun County, Mississippi">Calhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carroll_County,_Mississippi" title="Carroll County, Mississippi">Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chickasaw_County,_Mississippi" title="Chickasaw County, Mississippi">Chickasaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choctaw_County,_Mississippi" title="Choctaw County, Mississippi">Choctaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claiborne_County,_Mississippi" title="Claiborne County, Mississippi">Claiborne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarke_County,_Mississippi" title="Clarke County, Mississippi">Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clay_County,_Mississippi" title="Clay County, Mississippi">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coahoma_County,_Mississippi" title="Coahoma County, Mississippi">Coahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copiah_County,_Mississippi" title="Copiah County, Mississippi">Copiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covington_County,_Mississippi" title="Covington County, Mississippi">Covington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeSoto_County,_Mississippi" title="DeSoto County, Mississippi">DeSoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forrest_County,_Mississippi" title="Forrest County, Mississippi">Forrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_County,_Mississippi" title="Franklin County, Mississippi">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_County,_Mississippi" title="George County, Mississippi">George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greene_County,_Mississippi" title="Greene County, Mississippi">Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenada_County,_Mississippi" title="Grenada County, Mississippi">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hancock_County,_Mississippi" title="Hancock County, Mississippi">Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_County,_Mississippi" title="Harrison County, Mississippi">Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinds_County,_Mississippi" title="Hinds County, Mississippi">Hinds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holmes_County,_Mississippi" title="Holmes County, Mississippi">Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humphreys_County,_Mississippi" title="Humphreys County, Mississippi">Humphreys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Issaquena_County,_Mississippi" title="Issaquena County, Mississippi">Issaquena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itawamba_County,_Mississippi" title="Itawamba County, Mississippi">Itawamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_County,_Mississippi" title="Jackson County, Mississippi">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasper_County,_Mississippi" title="Jasper County, Mississippi">Jasper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County,_Mississippi" title="Jefferson County, Mississippi">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Davis_County,_Mississippi" title="Jefferson Davis County, Mississippi">Jefferson Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jones_County,_Mississippi" title="Jones County, Mississippi">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemper_County,_Mississippi" title="Kemper County, Mississippi">Kemper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette_County,_Mississippi" title="Lafayette County, Mississippi">Lafayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamar_County,_Mississippi" title="Lamar County, Mississippi">Lamar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauderdale_County,_Mississippi" title="Lauderdale County, Mississippi">Lauderdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_County,_Mississippi" title="Lawrence County, Mississippi">Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leake_County,_Mississippi" title="Leake County, Mississippi">Leake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_County,_Mississippi" title="Lee County, Mississippi">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leflore_County,_Mississippi" title="Leflore County, Mississippi">Leflore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_County,_Mississippi" title="Lincoln County, Mississippi">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowndes_County,_Mississippi" title="Lowndes County, Mississippi">Lowndes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_County,_Mississippi" title="Madison County, Mississippi">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_County,_Mississippi" title="Marion County, Mississippi">Marion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_County,_Mississippi" title="Marshall County, Mississippi">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe_County,_Mississippi" title="Monroe County, Mississippi">Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_County,_Mississippi" title="Montgomery County, Mississippi">Montgomery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neshoba_County,_Mississippi" title="Neshoba County, Mississippi">Neshoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newton_County,_Mississippi" title="Newton County, Mississippi">Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noxubee_County,_Mississippi" title="Noxubee County, Mississippi">Noxubee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oktibbeha_County,_Mississippi" title="Oktibbeha County, Mississippi">Oktibbeha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panola_County,_Mississippi" title="Panola County, Mississippi">Panola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_River_County,_Mississippi" title="Pearl River County, Mississippi">Pearl River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perry_County,_Mississippi" title="Perry County, Mississippi">Perry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pike_County,_Mississippi" title="Pike County, Mississippi">Pike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontotoc_County,_Mississippi" title="Pontotoc County, Mississippi">Pontotoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prentiss_County,_Mississippi" title="Prentiss County, Mississippi">Prentiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quitman_County,_Mississippi" title="Quitman County, Mississippi">Quitman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rankin_County,_Mississippi" title="Rankin County, Mississippi">Rankin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_County,_Mississippi" title="Scott County, Mississippi">Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharkey_County,_Mississippi" title="Sharkey County, Mississippi">Sharkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simpson_County,_Mississippi" title="Simpson County, Mississippi">Simpson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith_County,_Mississippi" title="Smith County, Mississippi">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_County,_Mississippi" title="Stone County, Mississippi">Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunflower_County,_Mississippi" title="Sunflower County, Mississippi">Sunflower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallahatchie_County,_Mississippi" title="Tallahatchie County, Mississippi">Tallahatchie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tate_County,_Mississippi" title="Tate County, Mississippi">Tate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tippah_County,_Mississippi" title="Tippah County, Mississippi">Tippah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tishomingo_County,_Mississippi" title="Tishomingo County, Mississippi">Tishomingo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunica_County,_Mississippi" title="Tunica County, Mississippi">Tunica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_County,_Mississippi" title="Union County, Mississippi">Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walthall_County,_Mississippi" title="Walthall County, Mississippi">Walthall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_County,_Mississippi" title="Warren County, Mississippi">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_County,_Mississippi" title="Washington County, Mississippi">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_County,_Mississippi" title="Wayne County, Mississippi">Wayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webster_County,_Mississippi" title="Webster County, Mississippi">Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilkinson_County,_Mississippi" title="Wilkinson County, Mississippi">Wilkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_County,_Mississippi" title="Winston County, Mississippi">Winston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yalobusha_County,_Mississippi" title="Yalobusha County, Mississippi">Yalobusha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazoo_County,_Mississippi" title="Yazoo County, Mississippi">Yazoo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_Mississippi.svg/32px-Flag_of_Mississippi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_Mississippi.svg/48px-Flag_of_Mississippi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_Mississippi.svg/64px-Flag_of_Mississippi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="720" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Mississippi" title="Portal:Mississippi">Mississippi portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_the_United_States_by_jurisdiction" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks plainlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_state_capitals" title="Template:US state capitals"><abbr title="View this 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<p><b>States:</b> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">AL</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Montgomery,_Alabama" title="Montgomery, Alabama">Montgomery</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">AK</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Juneau,_Alaska" title="Juneau, Alaska">Juneau</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">AZ</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">AR</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Little_Rock,_Arkansas" title="Little Rock, Arkansas">Little Rock</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">CA</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">CO</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">CT</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Hartford,_Connecticut" title="Hartford, Connecticut">Hartford</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">DE</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Dover,_Delaware" title="Dover, Delaware">Dover</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">FL</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Tallahassee,_Florida" title="Tallahassee, Florida">Tallahassee</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">GA</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">HI</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Honolulu" title="Honolulu">Honolulu</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">ID</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Boise,_Idaho" title="Boise, Idaho">Boise</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">IL</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois">Springfield</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">IN</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Indianapolis" title="Indianapolis">Indianapolis</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">IA</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Des Moines, Iowa">Des Moines</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">KS</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Topeka,_Kansas" title="Topeka, Kansas">Topeka</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">KY</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Frankfort,_Kentucky" title="Frankfort, Kentucky">Frankfort</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">LA</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Baton_Rouge,_Louisiana" title="Baton Rouge, Louisiana">Baton Rouge</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">ME</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Augusta,_Maine" title="Augusta, Maine">Augusta</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">MD</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Annapolis,_Maryland" title="Annapolis, Maryland">Annapolis</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">MA</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">MI</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Lansing,_Michigan" title="Lansing, Michigan">Lansing</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">MN</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul,_Minnesota" title="Saint Paul, Minnesota">Saint Paul</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">MS</a></b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jackson</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">MO</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_City,_Missouri" title="Jefferson City, Missouri">Jefferson City</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">MT</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Helena,_Montana" title="Helena, Montana">Helena</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">NE</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_Nebraska" title="Lincoln, Nebraska">Lincoln</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">NV</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Carson_City,_Nevada" title="Carson City, Nevada">Carson City</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">NH</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Concord,_New_Hampshire" title="Concord, New Hampshire">Concord</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">NJ</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Trenton,_New_Jersey" title="Trenton, New Jersey">Trenton</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">NM</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Fe, New Mexico">Santa Fe</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">NY</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">Albany</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">NC</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Raleigh,_North_Carolina" title="Raleigh, North Carolina">Raleigh</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">ND</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Bismarck,_North_Dakota" title="Bismarck, North Dakota">Bismarck</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">OH</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">OK</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City" title="Oklahoma City">Oklahoma City</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">OR</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Salem,_Oregon" title="Salem, Oregon">Salem</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">PA</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Harrisburg,_Pennsylvania" title="Harrisburg, Pennsylvania">Harrisburg</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">RI</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Providence,_Rhode_Island" title="Providence, Rhode Island">Providence</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">SC</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Columbia,_South_Carolina" title="Columbia, South Carolina">Columbia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">SD</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Pierre,_South_Dakota" title="Pierre, South Dakota">Pierre</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">TN</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">TX</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">UT</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City" title="Salt Lake City">Salt Lake City</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">VT</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Montpelier,_Vermont" title="Montpelier, Vermont">Montpelier</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">VA</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">WA</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Olympia,_Washington" title="Olympia, Washington">Olympia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">WV</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Charleston,_West_Virginia" title="Charleston, West Virginia">Charleston</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">WI</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin" title="Madison, Wisconsin">Madison</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">WY</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Cheyenne,_Wyoming" title="Cheyenne, Wyoming">Cheyenne</a></li></ul> <p><b>Territories:</b> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">AS</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Pago_Pago" class="mw-redirect" title="Pago Pago">Pago Pago</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">GU</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Hag%C3%A5t%C3%B1a,_Guam" title="Hagåtña, Guam">Hagåtña</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">MP</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Saipan" class="mw-redirect" title="Saipan">Saipan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">PR</a></b> <a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Puerto_Rico" title="San Juan, Puerto Rico">San Juan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands">VI</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Amalie,_U.S._Virgin_Islands" title="Charlotte Amalie, U.S. Virgin Islands">Charlotte Amalie</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="County_seats_of_Mississippi" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mississippi_county_seats" title="Template:Mississippi county seats"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mississippi_county_seats" title="Template talk:Mississippi county seats"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mississippi_county_seats" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mississippi county seats"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="County_seats_of_Mississippi" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/County_seats" class="mw-redirect" title="County seats">County seats</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aberdeen,_Mississippi" title="Aberdeen, Mississippi">Aberdeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ackerman,_Mississippi" title="Ackerman, Mississippi">Ackerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashland,_Mississippi" title="Ashland, Mississippi">Ashland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batesville,_Mississippi" title="Batesville, Mississippi">Batesville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_Springs,_Mississippi" title="Bay Springs, Mississippi">Bay Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_St._Louis,_Mississippi" title="Bay St. Louis, Mississippi">Bay St. Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belzoni,_Mississippi" title="Belzoni, Mississippi">Belzoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biloxi,_Mississippi" title="Biloxi, Mississippi">Biloxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booneville,_Mississippi" title="Booneville, Mississippi">Booneville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandon,_Mississippi" title="Brandon, Mississippi">Brandon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brookhaven,_Mississippi" title="Brookhaven, Mississippi">Brookhaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton,_Mississippi" title="Canton, Mississippi">Canton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrollton,_Mississippi" title="Carrollton, Mississippi">Carrollton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carthage,_Mississippi" title="Carthage, Mississippi">Carthage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charleston,_Mississippi" title="Charleston, Mississippi">Charleston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarksdale,_Mississippi" title="Clarksdale, Mississippi">Clarksdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland,_Mississippi" title="Cleveland, Mississippi">Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffeeville,_Mississippi" title="Coffeeville, Mississippi">Coffeeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collins,_Mississippi" title="Collins, Mississippi">Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia,_Mississippi" title="Columbia, Mississippi">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Mississippi" title="Columbus, Mississippi">Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corinth,_Mississippi" title="Corinth, Mississippi">Corinth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Kalb,_Mississippi" title="De Kalb, Mississippi">De Kalb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decatur,_Mississippi" title="Decatur, Mississippi">Decatur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellisville,_Mississippi" title="Ellisville, Mississippi">Ellisville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fayette,_Mississippi" title="Fayette, Mississippi">Fayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest,_Mississippi" title="Forest, Mississippi">Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulton,_Mississippi" title="Fulton, Mississippi">Fulton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenville,_Mississippi" title="Greenville, Mississippi">Greenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwood,_Mississippi" title="Greenwood, Mississippi">Greenwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenada,_Mississippi" title="Grenada, Mississippi">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulfport,_Mississippi" title="Gulfport, Mississippi">Gulfport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hattiesburg,_Mississippi" title="Hattiesburg, Mississippi">Hattiesburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazlehurst,_Mississippi" title="Hazlehurst, Mississippi">Hazlehurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hernando,_Mississippi" title="Hernando, Mississippi">Hernando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holly_Springs,_Mississippi" title="Holly Springs, Mississippi">Holly Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston,_Mississippi" title="Houston, Mississippi">Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianola,_Mississippi" title="Indianola, Mississippi">Indianola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iuka,_Mississippi" title="Iuka, Mississippi">Iuka</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosciusko,_Mississippi" title="Kosciusko, Mississippi">Kosciusko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurel,_Mississippi" title="Laurel, Mississippi">Laurel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leakesville,_Mississippi" title="Leakesville, Mississippi">Leakesville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington,_Mississippi" title="Lexington, Mississippi">Lexington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty,_Mississippi" title="Liberty, Mississippi">Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisville,_Mississippi" title="Louisville, Mississippi">Louisville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucedale,_Mississippi" title="Lucedale, Mississippi">Lucedale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macon,_Mississippi" title="Macon, Mississippi">Macon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnolia,_Mississippi" title="Magnolia, Mississippi">Magnolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marks,_Mississippi" title="Marks, Mississippi">Marks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayersville,_Mississippi" title="Mayersville, Mississippi">Mayersville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meadville,_Mississippi" title="Meadville, Mississippi">Meadville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mendenhall,_Mississippi" title="Mendenhall, Mississippi">Mendenhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meridian,_Mississippi" title="Meridian, Mississippi">Meridian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monticello,_Mississippi" title="Monticello, Mississippi">Monticello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natchez,_Mississippi" title="Natchez, Mississippi">Natchez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Albany,_Mississippi" title="New Albany, Mississippi">New Albany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Augusta,_Mississippi" title="New Augusta, Mississippi">New Augusta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okolona,_Mississippi" title="Okolona, Mississippi">Okolona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford,_Mississippi" title="Oxford, Mississippi">Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascagoula,_Mississippi" title="Pascagoula, Mississippi">Pascagoula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulding,_Mississippi" title="Paulding, Mississippi">Paulding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia,_Mississippi" title="Philadelphia, Mississippi">Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsboro,_Mississippi" title="Pittsboro, Mississippi">Pittsboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontotoc,_Mississippi" title="Pontotoc, Mississippi">Pontotoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poplarville,_Mississippi" title="Poplarville, Mississippi">Poplarville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Gibson,_Mississippi" title="Port Gibson, Mississippi">Port Gibson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prentiss,_Mississippi" title="Prentiss, Mississippi">Prentiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purvis,_Mississippi" title="Purvis, Mississippi">Purvis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quitman,_Mississippi" title="Quitman, Mississippi">Quitman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raleigh,_Mississippi" title="Raleigh, Mississippi">Raleigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond,_Mississippi" title="Raymond, Mississippi">Raymond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripley,_Mississippi" title="Ripley, Mississippi">Ripley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolling_Fork,_Mississippi" title="Rolling Fork, Mississippi">Rolling Fork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosedale,_Mississippi" title="Rosedale, Mississippi">Rosedale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardis,_Mississippi" title="Sardis, Mississippi">Sardis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senatobia,_Mississippi" title="Senatobia, Mississippi">Senatobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starkville,_Mississippi" title="Starkville, Mississippi">Starkville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumner,_Mississippi" title="Sumner, Mississippi">Sumner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunica,_Mississippi" title="Tunica, Mississippi">Tunica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupelo,_Mississippi" title="Tupelo, Mississippi">Tupelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tylertown,_Mississippi" title="Tylertown, Mississippi">Tylertown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaiden,_Mississippi" title="Vaiden, Mississippi">Vaiden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicksburg,_Mississippi" title="Vicksburg, Mississippi">Vicksburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walthall,_Mississippi" title="Walthall, Mississippi">Walthall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_Valley,_Mississippi" title="Water Valley, Mississippi">Water Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waynesboro,_Mississippi" title="Waynesboro, Mississippi">Waynesboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Point,_Mississippi" title="West Point, Mississippi">West Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiggins,_Stone_County,_Mississippi" title="Wiggins, Stone County, Mississippi">Wiggins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winona,_Mississippi" title="Winona, Mississippi">Winona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodville,_Mississippi" title="Woodville, Mississippi">Woodville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazoo_City,_Mississippi" title="Yazoo City, Mississippi">Yazoo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_Mississippi.svg/21px-Flag_of_Mississippi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_Mississippi.svg/32px-Flag_of_Mississippi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_Mississippi.svg/42px-Flag_of_Mississippi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="720" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Mississippi" title="Portal:Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/19px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/29px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/38px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:North_America" title="Portal:North America">North America</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/19px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/29px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/38px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/19px-COL-city_icon.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/29px-COL-city_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/38px-COL-city_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cities" title="Portal:Cities">Cities</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28198#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28198#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28198#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000404127025">ISNI</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000406269705">2</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000406298565">3</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/154757603">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJB8wbwv8w6tJwW8jgyDbd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4109187-5">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79065599">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007564231505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/4591c662-32c8-4278-9e28-fa509e6c57aa">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/171162587">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10046448">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jackson,_Mississippi&oldid=1258355413">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jackson,_Mississippi&oldid=1258355413</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jackson,_Mississippi" title="Category:Jackson, 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