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vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Early_life_and_military_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life_and_military_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Early life and military career </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Early_life_and_military_career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Early life and military career subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Early_life_and_military_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Early career </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leader_of_the_Opposition_(1993–1996)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leader_of_the_Opposition_(1993–1996)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Leader of the Opposition (1993–1996) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leader_of_the_Opposition_(1993–1996)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prime_minister_(1996–1999)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prime_minister_(1996–1999)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Prime minister (1996–1999) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Prime_minister_(1996–1999)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Prime minister (1996–1999) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Prime_minister_(1996–1999)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_term" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_term"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 First term </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_term-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hamas_and_Hezbollah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hamas_and_Hezbollah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.1 Hamas and Hezbollah </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hamas_and_Hezbollah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Election_defeat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Election_defeat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Election defeat </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Election_defeat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Minister_of_Finance_(2003–2005)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minister_of_Finance_(2003–2005)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Minister of Finance (2003–2005) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Minister_of_Finance_(2003–2005)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leader_of_the_Opposition_(2006–2009)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leader_of_the_Opposition_(2006–2009)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Leader of the Opposition (2006–2009) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leader_of_the_Opposition_(2006–2009)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prime_minister_(2009–2021)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prime_minister_(2009–2021)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Prime minister (2009–2021) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Prime_minister_(2009–2021)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Prime minister (2009–2021) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Prime_minister_(2009–2021)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Second_term" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_term"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Second term </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_term-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Third_term" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third_term"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Third term </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Third_term-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fourth_term" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fourth_term"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Fourth term </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fourth_term-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Criminal_investigations_and_indictment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criminal_investigations_and_indictment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3.1 Criminal investigations and indictment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criminal_investigations_and_indictment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fifth_term" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fifth_term"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Fifth term </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fifth_term-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leader_of_the_Opposition_(2021–2022)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leader_of_the_Opposition_(2021–2022)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Leader of the Opposition (2021–2022) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leader_of_the_Opposition_(2021–2022)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prime_minister_(2022–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prime_minister_(2022–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Prime minister (2022–present) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Prime_minister_(2022–present)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Prime minister (2022–present) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Prime_minister_(2022–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sixth_term" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sixth_term"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Sixth term </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sixth_term-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_positions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_positions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Political positions </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Political_positions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Political positions subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Political_positions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Israeli–Palestinian_conflict" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israeli–Palestinian_conflict"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Israeli–Palestinian conflict </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israeli–Palestinian_conflict-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bar-Ilan_speech" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bar-Ilan_speech"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1.1 Bar-Ilan speech </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bar-Ilan_speech-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economic_views" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_views"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Economic views </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_views-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Views_on_counter-terrorism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Views_on_counter-terrorism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.3 Views on counter-terrorism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Views_on_counter-terrorism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death_penalty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death_penalty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.4 Death penalty </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death_penalty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-LGBT_rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#LGBT_rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.5 LGBT rights </div> </a> <ul id="toc-LGBT_rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethiopian_Jewish_integration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethiopian_Jewish_integration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.6 Ethiopian Jewish integration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethiopian_Jewish_integration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-African_Hebrew_Israelites_of_Jerusalem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#African_Hebrew_Israelites_of_Jerusalem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.7 African Hebrew Israelites of Jerusalem </div> </a> <ul id="toc-African_Hebrew_Israelites_of_Jerusalem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.8 Iran </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bank_of_China_terror_financing_case" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bank_of_China_terror_financing_case"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.9 Bank of China terror financing case </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bank_of_China_terror_financing_case-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Defense_and_security" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Defense_and_security"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.10 Defense and security </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Defense_and_security-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Illegal_immigration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Illegal_immigration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.11 Illegal immigration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Illegal_immigration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relations_with_foreign_leaders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relations_with_foreign_leaders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Relations with foreign leaders </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Relations_with_foreign_leaders-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Relations with foreign leaders subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Relations_with_foreign_leaders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-US_leaders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#US_leaders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 US leaders </div> </a> <ul id="toc-US_leaders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Personal life </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Personal life subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Family_tree" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family_tree"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1 Family tree </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family_tree-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family_and_background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family_and_background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.2 Family and background </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family_and_background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marriages_and_relationships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marriages_and_relationships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.3 Marriages and relationships </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marriages_and_relationships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.4 Health </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Authored_books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Authored_books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Authored books </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Authored_books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Benjamin Netanyahu</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 123 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-123" aria-hidden="true" > 123 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Benjamin Netanyahu" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanjahu" title="Benjamin Netanjahu – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Benjamin Netanjahu" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%A4%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%83%E1%88%9A%E1%8A%95_%E1%8A%94%E1%89%B3%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%AB%E1%88%81" title="ቤንጃሚን ኔታንያሁ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቤንጃሚን ኔታንያሁ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%88" title="بنيامين نتنياهو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بنيامين نتنياهو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Benjamin Netanyahu" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%92%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%A1%DC%9D%DC%A2_%DC%A2%DC%AC%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%97%DC%98" title="ܒܢܝܡܝܢ ܢܬܢܝܗܘ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܒܢܝܡܝܢ ܢܬܢܝܗܘ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%86%D5%A5%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%B8%D6%82" title="Պենիամին Նեթանիահու – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Պենիամին Նեթանիահու" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benyamin_Netanyahu" title="Benyamin Netanyahu – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Benyamin Netanyahu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%88" title="بنیامین نتانیاهو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بنیامین نتانیاهو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%81" title="বেঞ্জামিন নেতানিয়াহু – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বেঞ্জামিন নেতানিয়াহু" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binyamin_Netanyahu" title="Binyamin Netanyahu – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Binyamin Netanyahu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D1%85%D1%83" title="Биньямин Нетаньяху – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Биньямин Нетаньяху" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D1%85%D1%83" title="Біньямін Нетаньяху – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Біньямін Нетаньяху" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%9D%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%B3%D1%83" title="Бэньямін Нэтаньягу – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Бэньямін Нэтаньягу" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Benjamin Netanyahu" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%85%D1%83" title="Бенямин Нетаняху – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бенямин Нетаняху" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Benjamin Netanyahu" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binyam%C3%ADn_Netanyahu" title="Binyamín Netanyahu – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Binyamín Netanyahu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanjahu" title="Benjamin Netanjahu – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Benjamin Netanjahu" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Benjamin Netanyahu" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Benjamin Netanyahu" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanjahu" title="Benjamin Netanjahu – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Benjamin Netanjahu" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binyamin_Netanyahu" title="Binyamin Netanyahu – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Binyamin Netanyahu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%BD_%CE%9D%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%AC%CF%87%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Μπενιαμίν Νετανιάχου – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μπενιαμίν Νετανιάχου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjam%C3%ADn_Netanyahu" title="Benjamín Netanyahu – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Benjamín Netanyahu" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanjahu" title="Benjamin Netanjahu – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Benjamin Netanjahu" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Benjamin Netanyahu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%88" title="بنیامین نتانیاهو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بنیامین نتانیاهو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Benjamin Netanyahu" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benyamin_Netanyahou" title="Benyamin Netanyahou – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Benyamin Netanyahou" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Benjamin Netanyahu" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Benjamin Netanyahu" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Benjamin Netanyahu" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Benjamin Netanyahu" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B1%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BC%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BD_%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B7%F0%90%8C%BF" title="𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌹𐌰𐌼𐌴𐌹𐌽 𐌽𐌴𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌹𐌰𐌷𐌿 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌹𐌰𐌼𐌴𐌹𐌽 𐌽𐌴𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌹𐌰𐌷𐌿" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%A0%EB%83%90%EB%AF%BC_%EB%84%A4%ED%83%80%EB%83%90%ED%9B%84" title="베냐민 네타냐후 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="베냐민 네타냐후" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Benjamin Netanyahu" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%86%D5%A5%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%B8%D6%82" title="Բենյամին Նեթանյահու – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բենյամին Նեթանյահու" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%82" title="बेंजामिन नेतन्याहू – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बेंजामिन नेतन्याहू" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanjahu" title="Benjamin Netanjahu – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Benjamin Netanjahu" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanjahu" title="Benjamin Netanjahu – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Benjamin Netanjahu" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Benjamin Netanyahu" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Benjamin Netanyahu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binyamin_Nethanyahu" title="Binyamin Nethanyahu – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Binyamin Nethanyahu" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Benjamin Netanyahu" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjam%C3%ADn_Netanjah%C3%BA" title="Benjamín Netanjahú – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Benjamín Netanjahú" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Benjamin Netanyahu" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95" title="בנימין נתניהו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בנימין נתניהו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Benjamin Netanyahu" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B9%E0%B3%81" title="ಬೆಂಜಮಿನ್ ನೆತನ್ಯಾಹು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಬೆಂಜಮಿನ್ ನೆತನ್ಯಾಹು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Benjamin Netanyahu" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%B0%E1%83%A3" title="ბინიამინ ნეთანიაჰუ – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბინიამინ ნეთანიაჰუ" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%90%D9%86_%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%86_%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%81%D9%88%D9%97" title="بینیامِن نیتن یاہوٗ – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="بینیامِن نیتن یاہوٗ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D1%85%D1%83" title="Беньямин Нетаньяху – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Беньямин Нетаньяху" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Benjamin Netanyahu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Benjamin Netanyahu" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Benjamin Netanyahu" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99_%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%A2%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B9" title="ເບັນຈາມິນ ເນທານຢາຮູ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ເບັນຈາມິນ ເນທານຢາຮູ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beniaminus_Netanjahu" title="Beniaminus Netanjahu – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Beniaminus Netanjahu" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamins_Netanjahu" title="Benjamins Netanjahu – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Benjamins Netanjahu" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Benjamin Netanyahu" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Benjamin Netanyahu" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Benjamin Netanyahu" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benj%C3%A1m%C3%ADn_Netanj%C3%A1h%C3%BA" title="Benjámín Netanjáhú – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Benjámín Netanjáhú" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%82" title="बेन्जामिन नेतान्याहू – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="बेन्जामिन नेतान्याहू" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%83" title="Бенјамин Нетанјаху – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бенјамин Нетанјаху" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%81" title="ബന്യമിൻ നെതന്യാഹു – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബന്യമിൻ നെതന്യാഹു" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%82" title="बिन्यामिन नेतान्याहू – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बिन्यामिन नेतान्याहू" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%88" title="بنيامين نتنياهو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بنيامين نتنياهو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%88" title="بنیامین نتانیاهو – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="بنیامین نتانیاهو" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Benjamin Netanyahu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D1%85%D1%83" title="Биньямин Нетаньяху – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Биньямин Нетаньяху" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%98%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%99%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%94%E1%80%B1%E1%80%90%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9F%E1%80%AF" title="ဘင်ဂျမင် နေတန်ယာဟု – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဘင်ဂျမင် နေတန်ယာဟု" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Benjamin Netanyahu" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%81" title="बेन्जामिन नेतन्याहु – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="बेन्जामिन नेतन्याहु" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%99%E3%83%B3%E3%83%A4%E3%83%9F%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%8D%E3%82%BF%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A4%E3%83%95" title="ベンヤミン・ネタニヤフ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ベンヤミン・ネタニヤフ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Benjamin Netanyahu" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Benjamin Netanyahu" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Benjamin Netanyahu" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benyamin_Netanyahu" title="Benyamin Netanyahu – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Benyamin Netanyahu" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%AF%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%82" title="ਬੈਂਜਾਮਿਨ ਨੇਤਨਯਾਹੂ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬੈਂਜਾਮਿਨ ਨੇਤਨਯਾਹੂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%86_%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%81%D9%88" title="بنیامین نیتن یاہو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بنیامین نیتن یاہو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Benjamin Netanyahu" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93_%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%99%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%BC" title="បេនចាមីន ណេតាន់យ៉ាហ៊ូ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="បេនចាមីន ណេតាន់យ៉ាហ៊ូ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanjahu" title="Benjamin Netanjahu – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Benjamin Netanjahu" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binjamin_Netanjahu" title="Binjamin Netanjahu – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Binjamin Netanjahu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Benjamin Netanyahu" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beniamin_Netanyahu" title="Beniamin Netanyahu – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Beniamin Netanyahu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Benjamin Netanyahu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D1%85%D1%83,_%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Нетаньяху, Биньямин – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нетаньяху, Биньямин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Benjamin Netanyahu" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Benjamin Netanyahu" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benxhamin_Netanjahu" title="Benxhamin Netanjahu – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Benxhamin Netanjahu" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%94" title="බෙන්ජමින් නෙතනියාහු – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="බෙන්ජමින් නෙතනියාහු" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Benjamin Netanyahu" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanjahu" title="Benjamin Netanjahu – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Benjamin Netanjahu" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanjahu" title="Benjamin Netanjahu – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Benjamin Netanjahu" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8E%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%86%DB%8E%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%BE%D9%88" title="بێنیامین نێتانیاھو – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بێنیامین نێتانیاھو" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%83" title="Бенјамин Нетанјаху – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бенјамин Нетанјаху" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanjahu" title="Benjamin Netanjahu – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Benjamin Netanjahu" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanjahu" title="Benjamin Netanjahu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Benjamin Netanjahu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Benjamin Netanyahu" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Benjamin Netanyahu" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%9E%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81" title="பெஞ்சமின் நெத்தனியாகு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பெஞ்சமின் நெத்தனியாகு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D1%85%D1%83" title="Биньямин Нетаньяху – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Биньямин Нетаньяху" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Benjamin Netanyahu" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tayal</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%81" title="బెంజిమిన్ నెతన్యాహు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="బెంజిమిన్ నెతన్యాహు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B9" title="เบนจามิน เนทันยาฮู – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เบนจามิน เนทันยาฮู" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%91%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%91%D2%B3%D1%83" title="Бинёмин Нетанёҳу – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Бинёмин Нетанёҳу" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binyamin_Netanyahu" title="Binyamin Netanyahu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Binyamin Netanyahu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%B3%D1%83" title="Беньямін Нетаньягу – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Беньямін Нетаньягу" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%86_%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%81%D9%88" title="بنیامین نیتن یاہو – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بنیامین نیتن یاہو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%89%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AE%DB%87" title="نىتانىياخۇ – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="نىتانىياخۇ" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Benjamin Netanyahu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binyamine_Netanyanhou" title="Binyamine Netanyanhou – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Binyamine Netanyanhou" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Benjamin Netanyahu" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E9%9B%85%E6%98%8E%C2%B7%E5%88%97%E6%B3%B0%E9%82%A3%E7%8B%90" title="本雅明·列泰那狐 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="本雅明·列泰那狐" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95" title="בנימין נתניהו – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="בנימין נתניהו" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Benjamin Netanyahu" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E8%83%A1" title="內塔尼亞胡 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="內塔尼亞胡" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Benjamin Netanyahu" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E9%9B%85%E6%98%8E%C2%B7%E5%86%85%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%83%A1" title="本雅明·内塔尼亚胡 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="本雅明·内塔尼亚胡" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binj%C9%99min_Netanjahu" title="Binjəmin Netanjahu – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Binjəmin Netanjahu" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q43723#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Prime Minister of Israel (1996–1999; 2009–2021; since 2022)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Netanyahu" redirects here. For his brother, see <a href="/wiki/Yonatan_Netanyahu" title="Yonatan Netanyahu">Yonatan Netanyahu</a>. For other people with this name, see <a href="/wiki/Netanyahu_(surname)" title="Netanyahu (surname)">Netanyahu (surname)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Benjamin Netanyahu</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;"><div class="nickname" lang="he"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>בִּנְיָמִין נְתַנְיָהוּ</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Benjamin_Netanyahu,_February_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Benjamin Netanyahu, a middle-aged man, wearing a suit with a blue tie, sitting in front of an Israeli flag." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Benjamin_Netanyahu%2C_February_2023.jpg/220px-Benjamin_Netanyahu%2C_February_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Benjamin_Netanyahu%2C_February_2023.jpg/330px-Benjamin_Netanyahu%2C_February_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Benjamin_Netanyahu%2C_February_2023.jpg/440px-Benjamin_Netanyahu%2C_February_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2024" data-file-height="2947" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Official portrait, 2023</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">9th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Israel" title="Prime Minister of Israel">Prime Minister of Israel</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">Assumed office 29 December 2022</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Herzog" title="Isaac Herzog">Isaac Herzog</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Israel">Deputy</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yariv_Levin" title="Yariv Levin">Yariv Levin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yair_Lapid" title="Yair Lapid">Yair Lapid</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 31 March 2009 – 13 June 2021</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Shimon Peres</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Reuven_Rivlin" title="Reuven Rivlin">Reuven Rivlin</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Alternate_Prime_Minister_of_Israel" title="Alternate Prime Minister of Israel">Alternate</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Benny_Gantz" title="Benny Gantz">Benny Gantz</a> (2020–21)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ehud_Olmert" title="Ehud Olmert">Ehud Olmert</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Naftali_Bennett" title="Naftali Bennett">Naftali Bennett</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 18 June 1996 – 6 July 1999</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ezer_Weizman" title="Ezer Weizman">Ezer Weizman</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Shimon Peres</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ehud_Barak" title="Ehud Barak">Ehud Barak</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Israel)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Israel)">Leader of the Opposition</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 28 June 2021<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> – 29 December 2022</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Prime Minister</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Naftali Bennett</li><li>Yair Lapid</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Yair Lapid</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Yair Lapid</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 16 January 2006 – 31 March 2009</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Prime Minister</th><td class="infobox-data">Ehud Olmert</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Amir_Peretz" title="Amir Peretz">Amir Peretz</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tzipi_Livni" title="Tzipi Livni">Tzipi Livni</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 3 February 1993 – 18 June 1996</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Prime Minister</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a></li><li>Shimon Peres</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Shamir" title="Yitzhak Shamir">Yitzhak Shamir</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Shimon Peres</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Chairman of <a href="/wiki/Likud" title="Likud">Likud</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">Assumed office 20 December 2005</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ariel_Sharon" title="Ariel Sharon">Ariel Sharon</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 3 February 1993 – 6 July 1999</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Yitzhak Shamir</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Ariel Sharon</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">7th <a href="/wiki/Permanent_Representative_of_Israel_to_the_United_Nations" title="Permanent Representative of Israel to the United Nations">Permanent Representative of Israel to the United Nations</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 1 September 1984 – 1 March 1988</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Prime Minister</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Yitzhak Shamir</li><li>Shimon Peres</li><li>Yitzhak Shamir</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yehuda_Blum" class="mw-redirect" title="Yehuda Blum">Yehuda Blum</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Yohanan Bein</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Ministerial roles</th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">1996–1997</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Science_and_Technology_(Israel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Science and Technology (Israel)">Science and Technology</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">1996–1999</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Housing_and_Construction" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Housing and Construction">Housing and Construction</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">2002–2003</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs of Israel">Minister of Foreign Affairs</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">2003–2005</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(Israel)" title="Ministry of Finance (Israel)">Finance</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">2009–2013</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Economic_Strategy" title="Ministry of Economic Strategy">Economic Strategy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_(Israel)" title="Ministry of Health (Israel)">Health</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Pensioner_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Pensioner Affairs">Pensioner Affairs</a></li></ul></div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">2012–2013</th><td class="infobox-data">Foreign Affairs</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">2013</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Foreign Affairs</li><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Diaspora_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Diaspora Affairs">Jerusalem and Diaspora Affairs</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"> (1949-10-21) 21 October 1949 (age 75) <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a>, Israel</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Likud" title="Likud">Likud</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Miriam Weizmann</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1972; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1978)</div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Fleur Cates</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1981; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1988)</div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sara_Netanyahu" title="Sara Netanyahu">Sara Ben-Artzi</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1991)</div></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">3, including <a href="/wiki/Yair_Netanyahu" title="Yair Netanyahu">Yair</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benzion_Netanyahu" title="Benzion Netanyahu">Benzion Netanyahu</a> (father)</li><li>Tzila Segal (mother)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Mileikowsky" title="Nathan Mileikowsky">Nathan Mileikowsky</a> (grandfather)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Yonatan_Netanyahu" title="Yonatan Netanyahu">Yonatan Netanyahu</a> (brother)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Iddo_Netanyahu" title="Iddo Netanyahu">Iddo Netanyahu</a> (brother)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Elisha_Netanyahu" title="Elisha Netanyahu">Elisha Netanyahu</a> (uncle)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Netanyahu" title="Nathan Netanyahu">Nathan Netanyahu</a> (cousin)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">BS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Science" title="Master of Science">MS</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Diplomat</li><li>management consultant</li><li>marketing executive</li><li>politician</li><li>writer</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cabinet</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-seventh_government_of_Israel" title="Twenty-seventh government of Israel">27</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Thirty-second_government_of_Israel" title="Thirty-second government of Israel">32</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Thirty-third_government_of_Israel" title="Thirty-third government of Israel">33</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Thirty-fourth_government_of_Israel" title="Thirty-fourth government of Israel">34</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Thirty-fifth_government_of_Israel" title="Thirty-fifth government of Israel">35</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Thirty-seventh_government_of_Israel" title="Thirty-seventh government of Israel">37</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Benjamin_Netanyahu_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Benjamin Netanyahu's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Benjamin_Netanyahu_Signature.svg/128px-Benjamin_Netanyahu_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Benjamin_Netanyahu_Signature.svg/192px-Benjamin_Netanyahu_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Benjamin_Netanyahu_Signature.svg/256px-Benjamin_Netanyahu_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="359" data-file-height="148" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.netanyahu.org.il">www.netanyahu.org.il</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43723#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nickname</th><td class="infobox-data">Bibi</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branch/service</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">Israel Defense Forces</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1967–1973</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces_ranks" title="Israel Defense Forces ranks">Séren</a> (Captain)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unit</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sayeret_Matkal" title="Sayeret Matkal">Sayeret Matkal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Battles/wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Attrition" title="War of Attrition">War of Attrition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karameh" title="Battle of Karameh">Battle of Karameh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Israeli_raid_on_Lebanon" title="1968 Israeli raid on Lebanon">1968 Israeli raid on Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Benjamin Netanyahu<a href="#cite_note-3">[a]</a> (born 21 October 1949) is an Israeli politician, serving as the <a href="/wiki/Prime_minister_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime minister of Israel">prime minister of Israel</a> since 2022, having previously held the office from 1996 to 1999 and from 2009 to 2021.<a href="#cite_note-4">[3]</a> He is chair of the <a href="/wiki/Likud" title="Likud">Likud</a> party. Netanyahu is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Israel#Term_of_office_in_years" title="List of prime ministers of Israel">longest-serving prime minister</a> in Israel's history, having served a total of over 17 years.<a href="#cite_note-5">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[5]</a> Born to <a href="/wiki/Secular_Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Secular Jewish">secular Jewish</a> parents, Netanyahu was raised in <a href="/wiki/West_Jerusalem" title="West Jerusalem">West Jerusalem</a> and the United States. He returned to Israel in 1967 to join the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">Israel Defense Forces</a> and served in the <a href="/wiki/Sayeret_Matkal" title="Sayeret Matkal">Sayeret Matkal</a> special forces as a <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces_ranks" title="Israel Defense Forces ranks">captain</a> before being honorably discharged. After graduating from the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a>, Netanyahu worked for the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Consulting_Group" title="Boston Consulting Group">Boston Consulting Group</a> and moved back to Israel in 1978 to found the <a href="/wiki/Yonatan_Netanyahu#The_Jonathan_Institute" title="Yonatan Netanyahu">Yonatan Netanyahu Anti-Terror Institute</a>. Between 1984 and 1988 Netanyahu was <a href="/wiki/Israel%27s_ambassador_to_the_United_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel's ambassador to the United Nations">Israel's ambassador to the United Nations</a>. Netanyahu rose to prominence after <a href="/wiki/1993_Likud_leadership_election" title="1993 Likud leadership election">election as chair of Likud in 1993</a>, becoming <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Israel)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Israel)">leader of the opposition</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/1996_Israeli_general_election" title="1996 Israeli general election">1996 general election</a>, Netanyahu became the first Israeli prime minister elected directly by popular vote, and its youngest. Netanyahu was defeated in the <a href="/wiki/1999_Israeli_general_election" title="1999 Israeli general election">1999 election</a> and retired from politics, entering the private sector. He returned and served as <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Israel)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Israel)">minister of foreign affairs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(Israel)" title="Ministry of Finance (Israel)">finance</a>, initiating <a href="/wiki/Israeli_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli economy">economic reforms</a>,<a href="#cite_note-7">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[7]</a> before resigning over the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_disengagement_plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaza disengagement plan">Gaza disengagement plan</a>. Netanyahu <a href="/wiki/2005_Likud_leadership_election" title="2005 Likud leadership election">returned to lead Likud in 2005</a><a href="#cite_note-xinh-9">[8]</a> and was leader of the opposition between 2006 and 2009. After the <a href="/wiki/2009_Israeli_legislative_election" title="2009 Israeli legislative election">2009 legislative election</a>, Netanyahu <a href="/wiki/Thirty-second_government_of_Israel" title="Thirty-second government of Israel">formed a coalition</a> with other right-wing parties and became prime minister again.<a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-swornh-11">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-swornr-12">[11]</a> He led Likud to victory in the <a href="/wiki/2013_Israeli_legislative_election" title="2013 Israeli legislative election">2013</a> and <a href="/wiki/2015_Israeli_legislative_election" title="2015 Israeli legislative election">2015 elections</a>.<a href="#cite_note-13">[12]</a> Netanyahu made his closeness to <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>, a friend since the 1980s, central to his appeal from 2016.<a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a> During <a href="/wiki/Trump%27s_first_presidency" class="mw-redirect" title="Trump's first presidency">Trump's first presidency</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_recognition_of_Jerusalem_as_capital_of_Israel" title="United States recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel">US recognized Jerusalem as capital of Israel</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_recognition_of_the_Golan_Heights_as_part_of_Israel" title="United States recognition of the Golan Heights as part of Israel">Israeli sovereignty over the Golan Heights</a>, and brokered the <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Accords" title="Abraham Accords">Abraham Accords</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_normalization" title="Arab–Israeli normalization">normalization agreements</a> between Israel and the <a href="/wiki/Arab_world" title="Arab world">Arab world</a>. Netanyahu has faced criticism over expanding <a href="/wiki/Israeli_settlement" title="Israeli settlement">Israeli settlements</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Occupied_West_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupied West Bank">occupied West Bank</a>, deemed <a href="/wiki/International_law_and_Israeli_settlements" class="mw-redirect" title="International law and Israeli settlements">illegal under international law</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYT-15">[14]</a> In 2019, Netanyahu was <a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Trial of Benjamin Netanyahu">indicted on charges of breach of trust, bribery and fraud</a>,<a href="#cite_note-toi21nov-16">[15]</a> and relinquished all ministerial posts, except prime minister.<a href="#cite_note-haaretznov23-17">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-toinov23-18">[17]</a> The <a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%932022_Israeli_political_crisis" title="2018–2022 Israeli political crisis">2018–2022 Israeli political crisis</a> led to a <a href="/wiki/Rotation_government" title="Rotation government">rotation</a> agreement between Netanyahu and <a href="/wiki/Benny_Gantz" title="Benny Gantz">Benny Gantz</a>.<a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a> This collapsed in 2020, leading to a <a href="/wiki/2021_Israeli_legislative_election" title="2021 Israeli legislative election">March 2021 election</a>. In June 2021, Netanyahu was removed from the premiership, before returning after the <a href="/wiki/2022_Israeli_legislative_election" title="2022 Israeli legislative election">2022 election</a>. <a href="/wiki/Thirty-seventh_government_of_Israel" title="Thirty-seventh government of Israel">Netanyahu's coalition</a> pursued <a href="/wiki/2023_Israeli_judicial_reform" title="2023 Israeli judicial reform">judicial reform</a>, which was <a href="/wiki/2023_Israeli_judicial_reform_protests" title="2023 Israeli judicial reform protests">met with protests in early 2023</a>. In October 2023, Israel suffered <a href="/wiki/7_October_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="7 October attacks">a large-scale attack</a> by <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a>-led Palestinian groups, triggering the <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Israel–Hamas war">Israel–Hamas war</a>. Due to the failure to anticipate the attack, Netanyahu has been criticized for presiding over Israel's biggest intelligence failure in 50 years,<a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a> and has <a href="/wiki/Israel-Hamas_war_protests_in_Israel#"Bring_Them_Home_Now"_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel-Hamas war protests in Israel">faced protests</a> calling for his removal.<a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a> Netanyahu's government has been <a href="/wiki/Gaza_genocide" title="Gaza genocide">accused of genocide</a>,<a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a> culminating in the <a href="/wiki/South_Africa_v._Israel_(Genocide_Convention)" class="mw-redirect" title="South Africa v. Israel (Genocide Convention)">South Africa v. Israel</a> case before the <a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" title="International Court of Justice">International Court of Justice</a> in December 2023.<a href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[29]</a> In May 2024, <a href="/wiki/Karim_Ahmad_Khan" title="Karim Ahmad Khan">Karim Khan</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Prosecutor_of_the_International_Criminal_Court" title="Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court">prosecutor</a> of the <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court" title="International Criminal Court">International Criminal Court</a> (ICC), announced his intention to apply for an <a href="/wiki/Arrest_warrant" title="Arrest warrant">arrest warrant</a> for Netanyahu, along with members of his cabinet and Hamas leadership, for <a href="/wiki/War_crime" title="War crime">war crimes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crimes_against_humanity" title="Crimes against humanity">crimes against humanity</a> as part of the <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Palestine#Arrest_warrants" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Palestine">ICC investigation in Palestine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ICCAW-31">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-ICCAW_CNN-33">[32]</a> The ICC <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_arrest_warrants_for_Israeli_figures" title="International Criminal Court arrest warrants for Israeli figures">issued an arrest warrant</a> on 21 November of the same year for Netanyahu along with former Defense Minister <a href="/wiki/Yoav_Gallant" title="Yoav Gallant">Yoav Gallant</a> and Hamas militant <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Deif" title="Mohammed Deif">Mohammed Deif</a>, whom Israel presumes dead after <a href="/wiki/13_July_2024_al-Mawasi_attack" title="13 July 2024 al-Mawasi attack">an airstrike</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ICC_Warrant-34">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_military_career">Early life and military career</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Netanyahu%27s_military_service_I.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Netanyahu%27s_military_service_I.jpg/170px-Netanyahu%27s_military_service_I.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Netanyahu%27s_military_service_I.jpg/255px-Netanyahu%27s_military_service_I.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Netanyahu%27s_military_service_I.jpg/340px-Netanyahu%27s_military_service_I.jpg 2x" data-file-width="718" data-file-height="930" /></a><figcaption>1967 photograph of Netanyahu by the Israel Defense Forces</figcaption></figure> Netanyahu was born in 1949 in <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a>.<a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a> His mother, Tzila Segal (1912–2000), was born in <a href="/wiki/Petah_Tikva" title="Petah Tikva">Petah Tikva</a> in the Ottoman Empire's <a href="/wiki/Mutasarrifate_of_Jerusalem" title="Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem">Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem</a>, and his father, <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>-born <a href="/wiki/Benzion_Netanyahu" title="Benzion Netanyahu">Benzion Netanyahu</a> (<a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Né">né</a> Mileikowsky; 1910–2012), was a historian specializing in the <a href="/wiki/Golden_age_of_Jewish_culture_in_Spain" title="Golden age of Jewish culture in Spain">Jewish Golden age of Spain</a>. His paternal grandfather, <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Mileikowsky" title="Nathan Mileikowsky">Nathan Mileikowsky</a>, was a <a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">rabbi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionist</a> writer. When Netanyahu's father immigrated to <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Mandatory Palestine</a>, he <a href="/wiki/Hebraization_of_surnames" title="Hebraization of surnames">hebraized his surname</a> from "Mileikowsky" to "Netanyahu", meaning "God has given." While his family is predominantly <a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jews" title="Ashkenazi Jews">Ashkenazi</a>, he has said that a DNA test revealed him to have some <a href="/wiki/Sephardi_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Sephardi Jews">Sephardic</a> ancestry. He claims descent from the <a href="/wiki/Vilna_Gaon" title="Vilna Gaon">Vilna Gaon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-38">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[38]</a> Netanyahu was the second of three children. He was initially raised and educated in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, where he attended Henrietta Szold Elementary School. A copy of his evaluation from his 6th grade teacher Ruth Rubenstein indicated that Netanyahu was courteous, polite, and helpful; that he was "responsible and punctual"; and that he was friendly, disciplined, cheerful, brave, active, and obedient.<a href="#cite_note-JPost_responsible-40">[39]</a> Between 1956 and 1958, and again from 1963 to 1967,<a href="#cite_note-ynetnews.com-41">[40]</a> his family lived in the United States in <a href="/wiki/Cheltenham_Township,_Pennsylvania" title="Cheltenham Township, Pennsylvania">Cheltenham Township, Pennsylvania</a>, a suburb of Philadelphia, while father Benzion Netanyahu taught at <a href="/wiki/Dropsie_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Dropsie College">Dropsie College</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Moyer-42">[41]</a> Benjamin attended and graduated from <a href="/wiki/Cheltenham_High_School" title="Cheltenham High School">Cheltenham High School</a> and was active in the <a href="/wiki/Debate" title="Debate">debate club</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chess_club" title="Chess club">chess club</a>, and <a href="/wiki/High_school_soccer" class="mw-redirect" title="High school soccer">soccer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Moyer-42">[41]</a> He and his brother Yonatan grew dissatisfied with what they saw as the superficial way of life they encountered in the area, including the prevalent youth <a href="/wiki/Counterculture" title="Counterculture">counterculture</a> movement and the liberal sensibilities of the <a href="/wiki/Reform_Judaism" title="Reform Judaism">Reform</a> synagogue, <a href="/wiki/Temple_Judea_of_Philadelphia" class="mw-redirect" title="Temple Judea of Philadelphia">Temple Judea of Philadelphia</a>, that the family attended.<a href="#cite_note-Moyer-42">[41]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatleft" style="width:220px; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> I have great respect for the unit. This is a unit that changes the reality of our lives even though its actions are a secret. Although it is a small unit, it influences all branches of the military ... My service in the unit strengthened my understanding of the risks involved behind approving operations and the risks that fighters are taking on. It is tangible and not theoretical for me. </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style="">Benjamin Netanyahu, on Sayeret Matkal (Maariv 2007)<a href="#cite_note-Sayeret_Matkal_is_50_years_old-43">[42]</a></cite> </div> After graduating from high school in 1967, Netanyahu returned to Israel to enlist in the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">Israel Defense Forces</a>. He trained as a combat soldier and served for five years in a special forces unit of the IDF, <a href="/wiki/Sayeret_Matkal" title="Sayeret Matkal">Sayeret Matkal</a>. He took part in numerous cross-border raids during the 1967–70 <a href="/wiki/War_of_Attrition" title="War of Attrition">War of Attrition</a>, including the March 1968 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karameh" title="Battle of Karameh">Battle of Karameh</a>, when the IDF attacked <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> to capture <a href="/wiki/PLO" class="mw-redirect" title="PLO">PLO</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a> but were repulsed with heavy casualties,<a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a> rising to become a team-leader in the unit. He was wounded in combat on multiple occasions.<a href="#cite_note-ginsburg1-46">[45]</a> He was involved in many other missions, including the <a href="/wiki/1968_Israeli_raid_on_Lebanon" title="1968 Israeli raid on Lebanon">1968 Israeli raid on Lebanon</a> and the rescue of the hijacked <a href="/wiki/Sabena_Flight_571" title="Sabena Flight 571">Sabena Flight 571</a> in May 1972, in which he was shot in the shoulder.<a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a> He was discharged from active service in 1972 but remained in the Sayeret Matkal reserves. Following his discharge, he left to study in the United States but returned in October 1973 to serve in the <a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Sayeret_Matkal_is_50_years_old-43">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-ball-49">[48]</a> He took part in special forces raids along the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal" title="Suez Canal">Suez Canal</a> against Egyptian forces before leading a commando attack deep inside Syrian territory, the details of which remain classified today.<a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MIT_Building_10_and_the_Great_Dome,_Cambridge_MA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/MIT_Building_10_and_the_Great_Dome%2C_Cambridge_MA.jpg/220px-MIT_Building_10_and_the_Great_Dome%2C_Cambridge_MA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/MIT_Building_10_and_the_Great_Dome%2C_Cambridge_MA.jpg/330px-MIT_Building_10_and_the_Great_Dome%2C_Cambridge_MA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/MIT_Building_10_and_the_Great_Dome%2C_Cambridge_MA.jpg/440px-MIT_Building_10_and_the_Great_Dome%2C_Cambridge_MA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Netanyahu studied at MIT between 1972 and 1976, earning <a href="/wiki/Scienti%C3%A6_Baccalaureus" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientiæ Baccalaureus">SB</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scienti%C3%A6_Magister" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientiæ Magister">SM</a> degrees.<a href="#cite_note-MITDegrees-51">[50]</a></figcaption></figure> Netanyahu returned to the United States in late 1972 to study architecture at the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a> (MIT). After briefly returning to Israel to fight in the Yom Kippur War, he returned to the United States and, under the name Ben Nitay, completed a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">bachelor's degree</a><a href="#cite_note-MITDegrees-51">[50]</a> in architecture<a href="#cite_note-52">[51]</a> in February 1975 and earned a <a href="/wiki/Master%27s_degree" title="Master's degree">master's degree</a><a href="#cite_note-MITDegrees-51">[50]</a> from the <a href="/wiki/MIT_Sloan_School_of_Management" title="MIT Sloan School of Management">MIT Sloan School of Management</a> in 1976.<a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a> Concurrently, he was studying towards a doctorate<a href="#cite_note-ball-49">[48]</a> in political science,<a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[55]</a> until his studies were broken off by the death of his brother in the <a href="/wiki/Entebbe_raid" title="Entebbe raid">Entebbe raid</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ball-49">[48]</a> At MIT, Netanyahu studied a double-load while simultaneously taking courses at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>, completing his bachelor's degree in architecture in two and a half years, despite taking a break to fight in the Yom Kippur War. Professor Leon B. Groisser at MIT recalled: "He did superbly. He was very bright. Organized. Strong. Powerful. He knew what he wanted to do and how to get it done."<a href="#cite_note-ball-49">[48]</a> At that time he changed his name to Benjamin "Ben" Nitai (Nitai, a reference to both <a href="/wiki/Mount_Nitai" title="Mount Nitai">Mount Nitai</a> and to the eponymous Jewish sage <a href="/wiki/Nittai_of_Arbela" title="Nittai of Arbela">Nittai of Arbela</a>, was a pen name often used by his father for articles).<a href="#cite_note-Gresh-57">[56]</a> Years later, in an interview with the media, Netanyahu clarified that he decided to do so to make it easier for Americans to pronounce his name. This fact has been used by his political rivals to accuse him indirectly of a lack of Israeli national identity and loyalty.<a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a> In 1976, Netanyahu's older brother <a href="/wiki/Yonatan_Netanyahu" title="Yonatan Netanyahu">Yonatan Netanyahu</a> was killed. Yonatan was serving as the commander of Benjamin's former unit, the Sayeret Matkal, and died during the <a href="/wiki/Counter-terrorism" class="mw-redirect" title="Counter-terrorism">counter-terrorism</a> hostage-rescue mission Operation Thunderbolt in which his unit rescued more than 100 mostly Israeli hostages hijacked by terrorists and flown to the <a href="/wiki/Entebbe_International_Airport" title="Entebbe International Airport">Entebbe Airport</a> in Uganda. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_career">Early career</h2></div> Netanyahu was headhunted to be an economic consultant<a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Consulting_Group" title="Boston Consulting Group">Boston Consulting Group</a> in Boston, Massachusetts, working at the company between 1976 and 1978. At the Boston Consulting Group, he was a colleague of <a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Mitt Romney</a>, with whom he formed a lasting friendship. Romney described Netanyahu at the time as "a strong personality with a distinct point of view", and said, "We can almost speak in shorthand ... [w]e share common experiences and have a perspective and underpinning which is similar."<a href="#cite_note-Barbaro-60">[59]</a> Netanyahu said that their "easy communication" was a result of "B.C.G.'s intellectually rigorous boot camp".<a href="#cite_note-Barbaro-60">[59]</a> In 1978, Netanyahu appeared on Boston local television, under the name "Ben Nitai", where he argued: "The real core of the conflict is the unfortunate Arab refusal to accept the State of Israel ... For 20 years the Arabs had both the West Bank and the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a>, and if self-determination, as they now say, is the core of the conflict, they could have easily established a Palestinian state."<a href="#cite_note-61">[60]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_(GPO)_-_Benjamin_Netanyahu_and_Sorin_Hershko.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_Benjamin_Netanyahu_and_Sorin_Hershko.jpg/170px-Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_Benjamin_Netanyahu_and_Sorin_Hershko.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_Benjamin_Netanyahu_and_Sorin_Hershko.jpg/255px-Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_Benjamin_Netanyahu_and_Sorin_Hershko.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_Benjamin_Netanyahu_and_Sorin_Hershko.jpg/340px-Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_Benjamin_Netanyahu_and_Sorin_Hershko.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1066" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Netanyahu (right) with Sorin Hershko, a soldier wounded and permanently paralyzed in <a href="/wiki/Operation_Entebbe" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Entebbe">Operation Entebbe</a>, 2 July 1986</figcaption></figure> In 1978, Netanyahu returned to Israel. Between 1978 and 1980, he ran the Jonathan Netanyahu Anti-Terror Institute,<a href="#cite_note-ynetnews.com-41">[40]</a> a non-governmental organization devoted to the study of terrorism; the Institute held a number of international conferences focused on the discussion of international terrorism. From 1980 to 1982, he was director of marketing for Rim Industries in Jerusalem.<a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a> During this period Netanyahu made his first connections with several Israeli politicians, including Minister <a href="/wiki/Moshe_Arens" title="Moshe Arens">Moshe Arens</a>. Arens appointed him as his Deputy Chief of Mission at the Israeli Embassy in Washington, D.C., while Arens was ambassador to the United States, a position he held from 1982 until 1984.<a href="#cite_note-netanyahu-63">[62]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/1982_Lebanon_War" title="1982 Lebanon War">1982 Lebanon War</a>, he was called up for reserve duty in Sayeret Matkal and requested to be released from service, preferring to remain in the US and serve as a spokesperson for Israel in the wake of harsh international criticism of the war. He presented Israel's case to the media during the war and established a highly efficient public relations system in the Israeli embassy.<a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a> Between 1984 and 1988, Netanyahu served as the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_ambassador_to_the_United_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli ambassador to the United Nations">Israeli ambassador to the United Nations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-netanyahu-63">[62]</a> Netanyahu was influenced by Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Menachem_M._Schneerson" class="mw-redirect" title="Menachem M. Schneerson">Menachem M. Schneerson</a>, with whom he formed a relationship during the 1980s. He referred to Schneerson as "the most influential man of our time".<a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a> At this time Netanyahu became friends with <a href="/wiki/Fred_Trump" title="Fred Trump">Fred Trump</a>, the father of future U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nymag.com-68">[67]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leader_of_the_Opposition_(1993–1996)">Leader of the Opposition (1993–1996)</h2></div> Prior to the <a href="/wiki/1988_Israeli_legislative_election" title="1988 Israeli legislative election">1988 Israeli legislative election</a>, Netanyahu returned to Israel and joined the <a href="/wiki/Likud" title="Likud">Likud</a> party. In the Likud's internal elections, Netanyahu was placed fifth on the party list. Later on he was elected as a Knesset member of the 12th Knesset, and was appointed as a deputy of the foreign minister <a href="/wiki/Moshe_Arens" title="Moshe Arens">Moshe Arens</a>, and later on <a href="/wiki/David_Levy_(Israeli_politician)" title="David Levy (Israeli politician)">David Levy</a>. Netanyahu and Levy did not cooperate and the rivalry between the two only intensified afterwards. During the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a> in early 1991, the English-fluent Netanyahu emerged as the principal spokesman for Israel in media interviews on <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a> and other news outlets. During the <a href="/wiki/Madrid_Conference_of_1991" title="Madrid Conference of 1991">Madrid Conference of 1991</a> Netanyahu was a member of the Israeli delegation headed by Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Shamir" title="Yitzhak Shamir">Yitzhak Shamir</a>. After the Madrid Conference Netanyahu was appointed as Deputy Minister in the Israeli Prime Minister's Office.<a href="#cite_note-netanyahu-63">[62]</a> Following the defeat of the Likud party in the <a href="/wiki/1992_Israeli_legislative_election" title="1992 Israeli legislative election">1992 Israeli legislative elections</a> the Likud party <a href="/wiki/1993_Likud_leadership_election" title="1993 Likud leadership election">held a party leadership election in 1993</a>, and Netanyahu was victorious, defeating <a href="/wiki/Benny_Begin" title="Benny Begin">Benny Begin</a>, son of the late prime minister <a href="/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin">Menachem Begin</a>, and veteran politician <a href="/wiki/David_Levy_(Israeli_politician)" title="David Levy (Israeli politician)">David Levy</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[68]</a> (Sharon initially sought Likud party leadership as well, but quickly withdrew when it was evident that he was attracting minimal support). Shamir retired from politics shortly after the Likud's defeat in the 1992 elections.<a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a> Following the <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Assassination of Yitzhak Rabin">assassination of Yitzhak Rabin</a> at the end of a rally in support of the <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Accords" title="Oslo Accords">Oslo Accords</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Rabin</a>'s temporary successor <a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Shimon Peres</a> decided to call early elections in order to give the government a mandate to advance the peace process.<a href="#cite_note-71">[70]</a> Netanyahu was the Likud's candidate for prime minister in the <a href="/wiki/1996_Israeli_prime_ministerial_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1996 Israeli prime ministerial election">1996 Israeli legislative election</a> which took place on 29 May 1996 and were the first Israeli elections in which <a href="/wiki/Israelis" title="Israelis">Israelis</a> elected their prime minister directly.<a href="#cite_note-Schmemann-1996-72">[71]</a> Netanyahu hired American <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> political operative <a href="/wiki/Arthur_J._Finkelstein" title="Arthur J. Finkelstein">Arthur Finkelstein</a> to run his campaign,<a href="#cite_note-73">[72]</a> and although the American style of sound bites and sharp attacks elicited harsh criticism,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Netanyahu won the <a href="/wiki/1996_Israeli_prime_ministerial_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1996 Israeli prime ministerial election">1996 election</a>, becoming the youngest person in the history of the position and the first Israeli prime minister to be born in the State of Israel (<a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a> was born in Jerusalem, under the British Mandate of Palestine, prior to the 1948 founding of the Israeli state).<a href="#cite_note-Schmemann-1996-72">[71]</a> Netanyahu's victory over the pre-election favorite <a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Shimon Peres</a> surprised many. The main catalyst in the downfall of the latter was a wave of <a href="/wiki/List_of_Palestinian_suicide_attacks" title="List of Palestinian suicide attacks">suicide bombings</a> shortly before the elections; on <a href="/wiki/Jaffa_Road_bus_bombings#Second_bombing" title="Jaffa Road bus bombings">3</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dizengoff_Center_suicide_bombing" title="Dizengoff Center suicide bombing">4 March 1996</a>, Palestinians carried out two <a href="/wiki/Suicide_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Suicide bombing">suicide bombings</a>, killing 32 Israelis, with Peres seemingly unable to stop the attacks. During the campaign, Netanyahu stressed that progress in the peace process would be based on the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian National Authority">Palestinian National Authority</a> fulfilling its obligations – mainly fighting terrorism – and the Likud campaign slogan was, "Netanyahu – making a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Safe_peace&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Safe peace (page does not exist)">safe peace</a>". However, although Netanyahu won the election for prime minister, Peres's <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Labor_Party" title="Israeli Labor Party">Israeli Labor Party</a> received more seats in the <a href="/wiki/1996_Israeli_legislative_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1996 Israeli legislative election">Knesset elections</a>. Netanyahu had to rely on a coalition with the <a href="/wiki/Haredi_Judaism" title="Haredi Judaism">ultra-Orthodox</a> parties, <a href="/wiki/Shas" title="Shas">Shas</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_Torah_Judaism" title="United Torah Judaism">UTJ</a> in order to form a government.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prime_minister_(1996–1999)">Prime minister (1996–1999)</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_term">First term</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Twenty-seventh_government_of_Israel" title="Twenty-seventh government of Israel">Twenty-seventh government of Israel</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_(GPO)_-_P.M._BENJAMIN_NETANYAHU_SHAKING_HANDS_WITH_PALESTINIAN_AUTHORITY_CHAIRMAN_YASSER_ARAFAT.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_P.M._BENJAMIN_NETANYAHU_SHAKING_HANDS_WITH_PALESTINIAN_AUTHORITY_CHAIRMAN_YASSER_ARAFAT.jpg/170px-Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_P.M._BENJAMIN_NETANYAHU_SHAKING_HANDS_WITH_PALESTINIAN_AUTHORITY_CHAIRMAN_YASSER_ARAFAT.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_P.M._BENJAMIN_NETANYAHU_SHAKING_HANDS_WITH_PALESTINIAN_AUTHORITY_CHAIRMAN_YASSER_ARAFAT.jpg/255px-Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_P.M._BENJAMIN_NETANYAHU_SHAKING_HANDS_WITH_PALESTINIAN_AUTHORITY_CHAIRMAN_YASSER_ARAFAT.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_P.M._BENJAMIN_NETANYAHU_SHAKING_HANDS_WITH_PALESTINIAN_AUTHORITY_CHAIRMAN_YASSER_ARAFAT.jpg/340px-Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_P.M._BENJAMIN_NETANYAHU_SHAKING_HANDS_WITH_PALESTINIAN_AUTHORITY_CHAIRMAN_YASSER_ARAFAT.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>Netanyahu's first meeting with Palestinian President <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a> at the Erez crossing, 4 September 1996</figcaption></figure> A spate of suicide bombings reinforced the Likud position for security. <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a> claimed responsibility for most of the bombings. As prime minister, Netanyahu raised many questions about many central premises of the <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Accords" title="Oslo Accords">Oslo Accords</a>. One of his main points was disagreement with the Oslo premise that the negotiations should proceed in stages, meaning that concessions should be made to Palestinians before any resolution was reached on major issues, such as the <a href="/wiki/Status_of_Jerusalem" title="Status of Jerusalem">status of Jerusalem</a>, and the amending of the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Charter" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian National Charter">Palestinian National Charter</a>. Oslo supporters had claimed that the multi-stage approach would build goodwill among Palestinians and would propel them to seek reconciliation when these major issues were raised in later stages. Netanyahu said that these concessions only gave encouragement to extremist elements, without receiving any tangible gestures in return. He called for tangible gestures of Palestinian goodwill in return for Israeli concessions. Despite his stated differences with the Oslo Accords, Prime Minister Netanyahu continued their implementation, but his Premiership saw a marked slow-down in the peace process.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In 1996, Netanyahu and <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>'s mayor <a href="/wiki/Ehud_Olmert" title="Ehud Olmert">Ehud Olmert</a> decided to open an exit in the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Quarter_(Jerusalem)" title="Muslim Quarter (Jerusalem)">Arab Quarter</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Western_Wall_Tunnel" title="Western Wall Tunnel">Western Wall Tunnel</a>, which prior prime minister <a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Shimon Peres</a> had instructed to be put on hold for the sake of peace.<a href="#cite_note-74">[73]</a> This sparked three days of <a href="/wiki/Western_Wall_Tunnel#Northern_exit_and_riots" title="Western Wall Tunnel">rioting</a> by Palestinians, resulting in dozens of both Israelis and Palestinians being killed.<a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a> Netanyahu first met Palestinian President Arafat on 4 September 1996. Prior to the meeting, the two leaders spoke by telephone.<a href="#cite_note-76">[75]</a> The meetings would continue through Autumn 1996. On their first meeting, Netanyahu said: "I would like to emphasize that we have to take into account the needs and the requirements of both sides on the basis of reciprocity and the assurance of the security and well-being of both Israelis and Palestinian alike." Arafat said: "We are determined to work with Mr. Netanyahu and with his government."<a href="#cite_note-77">[76]</a> The talks culminated on 14 January 1997, in the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Hebron_Protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebron Protocol">Hebron Protocol</a>.<a href="#cite_note-78">[77]</a> The signing of the Hebron Protocol with the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Authority" title="Palestinian Authority">Palestinian Authority</a> resulted in the redeployment of Israeli forces in <a href="/wiki/Hebron" title="Hebron">Hebron</a> and the turnover of civilian authority in much of the area to the control of the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Authority" title="Palestinian Authority">Palestinian Authority</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Houghton_house_Netanyahu_Albright_Arafat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Houghton_house_Netanyahu_Albright_Arafat.jpg/220px-Houghton_house_Netanyahu_Albright_Arafat.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Houghton_house_Netanyahu_Albright_Arafat.jpg/330px-Houghton_house_Netanyahu_Albright_Arafat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Houghton_house_Netanyahu_Albright_Arafat.jpg/440px-Houghton_house_Netanyahu_Albright_Arafat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="352" /></a><figcaption>Netanyahu sitting with U.S. Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Madeleine_Albright" title="Madeleine Albright">Madeleine Albright</a> and Palestinian President <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wye_River_Memorandum" title="Wye River Memorandum">Wye River Memorandum</a>, 1998</figcaption></figure> Eventually, the lack of progress of the peace process led to new negotiations which produced the <a href="/wiki/Wye_River_Memorandum" title="Wye River Memorandum">Wye River Memorandum</a> in 1998 which detailed the steps to be taken by the Israeli government and Palestinian Authority to implement the earlier Interim Agreement of 1995. It was signed by Netanyahu and PLO chairman <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a>, and on 17 November 1998, Israel's 120 member parliament, the <a href="/wiki/Knesset" title="Knesset">Knesset</a>, approved the Wye River Memorandum by a vote of 75–19. In a nod to the 1967 <a href="/wiki/Khartoum_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="Khartoum Conference">Khartoum conference</a>, Prime Minister Netanyahu emphasized a policy of "three no(s)": no withdrawal from the Golan Heights, no discussion of the case of Jerusalem, no negotiations under any preconditions.<a href="#cite_note-79">[78]</a> In 1997, Netanyahu authorized a Mossad operation to assassinate Hamas leader <a href="/wiki/Khaled_Mashal" title="Khaled Mashal">Khaled Mashal</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>, just three years after the two countries had signed a <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Jordan_peace_treaty" title="Israel–Jordan peace treaty">peace treaty</a>.<a href="#cite_note-inc1-80">[79]</a> The Mossad team, covering as five Canadian tourists, entered Jordan on 27 September 1997 and injected poison into Mashal's ears in a street in <a href="/wiki/Amman" title="Amman">Amman</a>.<a href="#cite_note-inc1-80">[79]</a> The plot was exposed and two agents were arrested by the Jordanian police while three others hid in the Israeli embassy which was then surrounded by troops.<a href="#cite_note-inc1-80">[79]</a> An angry <a href="/wiki/King_Hussein_of_Jordan" class="mw-redirect" title="King Hussein of Jordan">King Hussein</a> demanded Israel to give out the antidote and threatened to annul the peace treaty.<a href="#cite_note-inc-81">[80]</a> Netanyahu relented to the demands after pressure by US President <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> and ordered the release of 61 Jordanian and Palestinian prisoners including Sheikh <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Yassin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmad Yassin">Ahmad Yassin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-inc1-80">[79]</a> The incident sent the nascent Israeli-Jordanian relations plummeting.<a href="#cite_note-inc-81">[80]</a> During his term, Netanyahu also began a process of economic liberalization, taking steps towards a free-market economy. Under his watch, the government began selling its shares in banks and major state-run companies. Netanyahu also greatly eased Israel's strict <a href="/wiki/Foreign_exchange_controls" title="Foreign exchange controls">foreign exchange controls</a>, enabling Israelis to take an unrestricted amount of money out of the country, open foreign bank accounts, hold foreign currency, and invest freely in other countries.<a href="#cite_note-82">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[82]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_(GPO)_-_P.M._Netanyahu_Visiting_the_Western_Wall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_P.M._Netanyahu_Visiting_the_Western_Wall.jpg/170px-Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_P.M._Netanyahu_Visiting_the_Western_Wall.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_P.M._Netanyahu_Visiting_the_Western_Wall.jpg/255px-Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_P.M._Netanyahu_Visiting_the_Western_Wall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_P.M._Netanyahu_Visiting_the_Western_Wall.jpg/340px-Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_P.M._Netanyahu_Visiting_the_Western_Wall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>Netanyahu with his son Yair at the Western Wall in 1998</figcaption></figure> Throughout his term, Netanyahu was opposed by the political left wing in Israel and lost support from the right because of his concessions to the Palestinians in <a href="/wiki/Hebron" title="Hebron">Hebron</a> and elsewhere, and due to his negotiations with Arafat generally. Netanyahu lost favor with the Israeli public after a long chain of scandals involving his marriage and corruption charges. In 1997, <a href="/wiki/Israel_Police" title="Israel Police">police</a> recommended that Netanyahu be indicted on corruption charges for influence-peddling. He was accused of appointing an attorney general who would reduce the charges but prosecutors ruled that there was insufficient evidence to go to trial.<a href="#cite_note-latimes_corruption-84">[83]</a> In 1999, Netanyahu faced another scandal when the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Police" title="Israel Police">Israel Police</a> recommended that he be tried for corruption for $100,000 in free services from a government contractor; Israel's attorney general did not prosecute, citing difficulties with evidence.<a href="#cite_note-corruption-85">[84]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hamas_and_Hezbollah">Hamas and Hezbollah</h4></div> The months leading up to the 1996 Israeli election were marred by a series of <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a> terrorist attacks in Israel. After the <a href="/wiki/Shin_Bet" title="Shin Bet">Shin Bet</a> assassinated Hamas military leader <a href="/wiki/Yahya_Ayyash" title="Yahya Ayyash">Yahya Ayyash</a> on 5 January 1996, <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Deif" title="Mohammed Deif">Mohammed Deif</a>, now commander of the <a href="/wiki/Qassam_Brigades" class="mw-redirect" title="Qassam Brigades">Qassam Brigades</a>, organized a mass-casualty bombing campaign inside Israel as retaliation, including the <a href="/wiki/Dizengoff_Center_suicide_bombing" title="Dizengoff Center suicide bombing">Dizengoff Center suicide bombing</a> in Tel Aviv and the two <a href="/wiki/Jaffa_Road_bus_bombings" title="Jaffa Road bus bombings">Jaffa Road bus bombings</a> in Jerusalem. These operations were, in their scale, scope and sophistication, different and larger than any attacks of the past, and it has been alleged that both Syria and Iran had helped in their planning and financing. According to a report, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syrian</a> Minister of Defense <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Tlass" title="Mustafa Tlass">Mustafa Tlass</a> instructed <a href="/wiki/Ghazi_Kanaan" title="Ghazi Kanaan">Ghazi Kanaan</a>, the commander of Syrian forces in <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>, to establish links between <a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a> and Hamas fighters, who were then trained both in Lebanon and in <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> and participated in the retaliatory operations for the murder of Ayyash.<a href="#cite_note-meib-86">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[86]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Mike_Kelly_(journalist)" title="Mike Kelly (journalist)">Mike Kelly</a>, Hamas operative Hassan Salameh, who planned three of the attacks, was trained in <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>.<a href="#cite_note-88">[87]</a> In 2000, families of American victims of the attacks filed a lawsuit against Tlass, Kanaan and Iranian Minister of Intelligence <a href="/wiki/Ali_Fallahian" title="Ali Fallahian">Ali Fallahian</a>.<a href="#cite_note-89">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[90]</a> According to Israeli journalist <a href="/wiki/Ronen_Bergman" title="Ronen Bergman">Ronen Bergman</a>, Deif's campaign of massive retaliation and the failure of Israeli intelligence services to prevent it, was one of the factors that led to the defeat of Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Shimon Peres</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Labor_Party" title="Israeli Labor Party">Israeli Labor Party</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1996_Israeli_general_election" title="1996 Israeli general election">1996 Israeli general election</a> and the victory of the right-wing <a href="/wiki/Likud" title="Likud">Likud</a> party of Netanyahu, who opposed the <a href="/wiki/Oslo_peace_process" class="mw-redirect" title="Oslo peace process">Oslo peace process</a>: <blockquote>The wave of terror in February and March 1996 was a case study in how suicide attacks could alter the course of history. At the beginning of February, Peres was up twenty points in the polls over his opposition, the conservative hawk Benjamin "Bibi" Netanyahu. By the middle of March, Netanyahu had closed the gap significantly, and Peres led by only five percentage points. On May 29, Netanyahu won by 1 percent of the vote. This was all due to the terror attacks, which Peres simply couldn't stop. Yahya Ayyash's disciples had ensured the right wing's victory and "derailed the peace process," in the words of the deputy head of the Shin Bet, <a href="/wiki/Yisrael_Hasson" title="Yisrael Hasson">Yisrael Hasson</a>. Curiously enough, though, after the election, the attacks stopped for almost a year. Some said this was because of <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Arafat</a>'s campaign against Hamas, and the arrest of many members of its military wing. Others believed that Hamas no longer had any reason to carry out suicide attacks, because Netanyahu had already almost completely stopped the peace process, which was the short-term goal of the attacks anyway.<a href="#cite_note-92">[91]</a></blockquote> In 1997 Ali Fallahian, the iranian Intelligence Minister, authorized a new Hamas bombing campaign to further disrupt the peace process, and Hamas leader <a href="/wiki/Khaled_Meshal" class="mw-redirect" title="Khaled Meshal">Khaled Meshal</a>, then living in <a href="/wiki/Amman" title="Amman">Amman</a>, Jordan, picked Mahmoud Abu Hanoud, an expert bomb-maker in the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a>, to construct the bombs, and sent five <a href="/wiki/Suicide_attack" title="Suicide attack">suicide bombers</a> to detonate them simultaneously in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> on 30 July 1997 (<a href="/wiki/1997_Mahane_Yehuda_Market_bombings" title="1997 Mahane Yehuda Market bombings">Mahane Yehuda market bombings</a>) and 4 September 1997 (<a href="/wiki/Ben_Yehuda_Street_bombings#1997_(5_killed" title="Ben Yehuda Street bombings">Ben Yehuda street bombings)</a>), killing 21 Israelis.<a href="#cite_note-93">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[94]</a> As a response, Netanyahu authorized the <a href="/wiki/Assassination" title="Assassination">assassination</a> of Hamas leader Khaled Meshal in Jordan. On 25 September 1997, <a href="/wiki/Mossad" title="Mossad">Mossad</a> agents acting under orders from Netanyahu and his security cabinet attempted to assassinate him. The agents entered Jordan on fake <a href="/wiki/Canadian_passport" title="Canadian passport">Canadian passports</a> and disguised as tourists.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERabbani2008a59-96">[95]</a> Two of them waited at the entrance of the Hamas offices in Jordan's capital Amman, and, as Mashal walked into his office, one of them came up from behind and held a device to Mashal's left ear that transmitted a fast-acting poison.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcGeough2009184-97">[96]</a> Mashal's bodyguards were suspicious prior to the attack and were able to chase the agents down and capture them.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrowley2014-98">[97]</a> Other agents were also found and captured.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrowley2014-98">[97]</a> In an interview, he described the attack as "a loud noise in my ear ... like a boom, like an electric shock."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrowley2014-98">[97]</a> Initially, he thought the agents had failed to hurt him but later in the day he developed a severe headache and began vomiting.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrowley2014-98">[97]</a> He was rushed to a Jordanian hospital where his condition rapidly deteriorated. Immediately after the incident, Jordan's <a href="/wiki/Hussein_of_Jordan" title="Hussein of Jordan">King Hussein</a> demanded that Netanyahu turn over the <a href="/wiki/Antidote" title="Antidote">antidote</a> for the poison, threatening to sever diplomatic relations and to try the detained Mossad agents.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHartleyCossali2004231-99">[98]</a> King Hussein feared that the death of a Hamas leader would trigger riots in his kingdom, perhaps even a civil war. Netanyahu refused, and the incident quickly grew in political significance. With Israeli-Jordanian relations rapidly deteriorating, King Hussein threatened to void <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Jordan_Treaty_of_Peace" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel–Jordan Treaty of Peace">the historic 1994 peace between the two countries</a> should Mashal die.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbu_Hilalah2013-100">[99]</a> U.S President <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> intervened and compelled Netanyahu to turn over the antidote.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECNN1997-101">[100]</a> The head of Mossad, <a href="/wiki/Danny_Yatom" title="Danny Yatom">Danny Yatom</a>, flew to Jordan, with Netanyahu's consent, bringing an antidote to treat Mashal.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEal_O'ran200872-102">[101]</a> The doctors at <a href="/wiki/King_Hussein_Medical_Center" title="King Hussein Medical Center">King Hussein Medical Center</a>, where Mashal lay in a <a href="/wiki/Coma" title="Coma">coma</a>, observed Mashal's symptoms to be consistent with an <a href="/wiki/Opioid_overdose" title="Opioid overdose">opioid overdose</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbu_Hilalah2013-100">[99]</a> They administered the antidote, which saved Mashal's life. According to <a href="/wiki/Ronen_Bergman" title="Ronen Bergman">Ronen Bergman</a> based on internal IDF sources, Mashal's antidote only secured the release of the two Mossad <a href="/wiki/Kidon" class="mw-redirect" title="Kidon">Kidon</a> agents that were carrying out the assassination attempt. At least six other Mossad agents involved in the operations were holed up in the Israeli embassy. <a href="/wiki/Hussein_of_Jordan" title="Hussein of Jordan">King Hussein</a> would only release them if Israel released <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Yassin" title="Ahmed Yassin">Ahmed Yassin</a> and a large number of other Palestinian prisoners. <a href="/wiki/Hussein_of_Jordan" title="Hussein of Jordan">King Hussein</a> needed the demands to be "enough to enable the king to be able to publicly defend the release of the hit team."<a href="#cite_note-103">[102]</a> In a 2008 interview, Mashal said of the attempt on his life: "[It] made me more positive about life. I became more courageous in the face of death. My faith became stronger that a man does not die until his time comes. That is, I will die when God decides, not when Mossad decides. It also made me more resolute in fulfilling my responsibilities."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpanner2008-104">[103]</a> On the same day that Hamas bombed the Ben Yehuda street in Jerusalem, <a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a> executed a well-planned <a href="/wiki/Ansariya_ambush" title="Ansariya ambush">ambush</a> on the IDF's naval specia forces <a href="/wiki/Shayetet_13" title="Shayetet 13">Shayetet 13</a> in Ansariya, South Lebanon, killing 12 Israeli commandos. On 25 May 1998, the remains of Itamar Ilyah as well as body parts of at least two other soldiers who died in the Ansariya ambush were exchanged for 65 Lebanese prisoners and the bodies of 40 Hizbullah fighters and Lebanese soldiers captured by Israel. Among those returned to Lebanon, were the remains of Hadi Nasrallah, the son of Hezbollah Secretary-General <a href="/wiki/Hassan_Nasrallah" title="Hassan Nasrallah">Hassan Nasrallah</a>, who was killed in a clash with IDF a week after the Ansariya ambush. <a href="#cite_note-MFA-105">[104]</a> Netanyahu called it "one of the worst tragedies that has ever occurred to us".<a href="#cite_note-106">[105]</a> These major Israeli failures against Hamas and Hezbollah under Netanyahu's first premiership and their results in the subsequent releases of imprisoned Palestinian and Lebanese leaders from Israeli jails are thought to have dealt a blow to Netanyahu's rhetoric of a "tough stance" towards enemies of Israel, and to have played a role in his defeat in the <a href="/wiki/1999_Israeli_general_election" title="1999 Israeli general election">1999 Israeli general election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-107">[106]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Election_defeat">Election defeat</h3></div> After being defeated by <a href="/wiki/Ehud_Barak" title="Ehud Barak">Ehud Barak</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1999_Israeli_prime_ministerial_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1999 Israeli prime ministerial election">1999 Israeli prime ministerial election</a>, Netanyahu temporarily retired from politics.<a href="#cite_note-bio-108">[107]</a> He subsequently served as a senior consultant with Israeli communications equipment manufacturer <a href="/wiki/BATM_Advanced_Communications" class="mw-redirect" title="BATM Advanced Communications">BATM Advanced Communications</a> for two years.<a href="#cite_note-109">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[109]</a> With the fall of the Barak government in late 2000, Netanyahu expressed his desire to return to politics. By law, Barak's resignation was supposed to lead to elections for the prime minister position only. Netanyahu insisted that general elections should be held, claiming that otherwise it would be impossible to have a stable government. Netanyahu decided eventually not to run for the prime minister position, a move which facilitated the surprising rise to power of <a href="/wiki/Ariel_Sharon" title="Ariel Sharon">Ariel Sharon</a>, who at the time was considered less popular than Netanyahu. In 2002, after the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Labor_Party" title="Israeli Labor Party">Israeli Labor Party</a> left the coalition and vacated the position of foreign minister, Prime Minister Ariel Sharon appointed Netanyahu as foreign minister.<a href="#cite_note-netanyahu-63">[62]</a> Netanyahu challenged Sharon for the leadership of the Likud party in the <a href="/wiki/2002_Likud_leadership_election" title="2002 Likud leadership election">2002 Likud leadership election</a>, but failed to oust him.<a href="#cite_note-111">[110]</a> On 9 September 2002, a scheduled speech by Netanyahu at <a href="/wiki/Concordia_University_(Quebec)" class="mw-redirect" title="Concordia University (Quebec)">Concordia University</a> in Montreal, Quebec, Canada <a href="/wiki/Anti-Netanyahu_riot_at_Concordia_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Netanyahu riot at Concordia University">was canceled</a> after hundreds of pro-Palestinian protesters overwhelmed security and smashed through a glass window. Netanyahu was not present at the protest, having remained at his hotel throughout the duration. He later accused the activists of supporting terrorism and "mad zealotry".<a href="#cite_note-112">[111]</a> Weeks later on 1 October 2002 around 200 protesters met Netanyahu outside his <a href="/wiki/Heinz_Hall" title="Heinz Hall">Heinz Hall</a> appearance in <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a> although <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Police" title="Pittsburgh Police">Pittsburgh Police</a>, Israeli security and a Pittsburgh <a href="/wiki/SWAT" title="SWAT">SWAT</a> unit allowed his speeches to continue downtown at the hall and the <a href="/wiki/Duquesne_Club" title="Duquesne Club">Duquesne Club</a> as well as suburban <a href="/wiki/Robert_Morris_University" title="Robert Morris University">Robert Morris University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-113">[112]</a> On 12 September 2002, Netanyahu testified (under oath as a private citizen) before the <a href="/wiki/U.S._House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> <a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Oversight_and_Government_Reform" class="mw-redirect" title="Committee on Oversight and Government Reform">Committee on Oversight and Government Reform</a> regarding the nuclear threat posed by the Iraqi régime: "There is no question whatsoever that Saddam is seeking and is working and is advancing towards the development of nuclear weapons – no question whatsoever", he said. "And there is no question that once he acquires it, history shifts immediately."<a href="#cite_note-114">[113]</a> In his testimony, Netanyahu also said, "If you take out Saddam, Saddam's regime, I guarantee you that it will have enormous positive reverberations on the region."<a href="#cite_note-115">[114]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Minister_of_Finance_(2003–2005)">Minister of Finance (2003–2005)</h2></div> After the <a href="/wiki/2003_Israeli_legislative_election" title="2003 Israeli legislative election">2003 Israeli legislative election</a>, in what many observers regarded as a surprise move, Sharon offered the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs_Minister_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Affairs Minister of Israel">Foreign Ministry</a> to <a href="/wiki/Silvan_Shalom" title="Silvan Shalom">Silvan Shalom</a> and offered Netanyahu the <a href="/wiki/Finance_Minister_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Finance Minister of Israel">Finance Ministry</a>. Some pundits speculated that Sharon made the move because he deemed Netanyahu a political threat given his demonstrated effectiveness as foreign minister, and that by placing him in the Finance Ministry during a time of economic uncertainty, he could diminish Netanyahu's popularity. Netanyahu accepted the new appointment. Sharon and Netanyahu came to an agreement that Netanyahu would have complete freedom as finance minister and have Sharon back all of his reforms, in exchange for Netanyahu's silence over Sharon's management of Israel's military and foreign affairs.<a href="#cite_note-marketwatch-116">[115]</a> As finance minister, Netanyahu undertook an economic plan in order to restore Israel's economy from its low point during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Intifada" title="Second Intifada">Second Intifada</a>. Netanyahu claimed that a bloated public sector and excessive regulations were largely responsible for stifling economic growth. His plan involved a move toward more <a href="/wiki/Free_market" title="Free market">liberalized markets</a>, although it was not without its critics. He instituted a program to end welfare dependency by requiring people to apply for jobs or training, reduced the size of the public sector, froze government spending for three years, and capped the budget deficit at 1%. The taxation system was streamlined and taxes were cut, with the top individual tax rate reduced from 64% to 44% and the corporate tax rate from 36% to 18%. A host of state assets worth billions of dollars were privatized, including banks, oil refineries, the <a href="/wiki/El_Al" title="El Al">El Al</a> national airline, and <a href="/wiki/Zim_Integrated_Shipping_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="Zim Integrated Shipping Services">Zim Integrated Shipping Services</a>. The retirement ages for both men and women were raised, and currency exchange laws were further liberalized. Commercial banks were forced to spin off their long-term savings. In addition, Netanyahu attacked monopolies and cartels to increase competition. As the Israeli economy started booming and unemployment fell significantly, Netanyahu was widely credited by commentators as having performed an 'economic miracle' by the end of his tenure.<a href="#cite_note-marketwatch-116">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-Likud_Leaders_2015-117">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[117]</a> However, opponents in the Labor party (and even a few within his own Likud) viewed Netanyahu's policies as "Thatcherite" attacks on the venerated Israeli social safety net.<a href="#cite_note-119">[118]</a> Ultimately, unemployment declined while economic growth soared, the debt-to-GDP ratio dropped to one of the lowest in the world, and foreign investment reached record highs.<a href="#cite_note-marketwatch-116">[115]</a> Netanyahu threatened to resign from office in 2004 unless the <a href="/wiki/Israel%27s_unilateral_disengagement_plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel's unilateral disengagement plan">Gaza pullout plan</a> was put to a referendum. He later modified the ultimatum and voted for the program in the Knesset, indicating immediately thereafter that he would resign unless a referendum was held within 14 days.<a href="#cite_note-120">[119]</a> He submitted his resignation letter on 7 August 2005, shortly before the Israeli cabinet voted 17 to 5 to approve the initial phase of withdrawal from <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza</a>.<a href="#cite_note-121">[120]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leader_of_the_Opposition_(2006–2009)">Leader of the Opposition (2006–2009)</h2></div> Following the withdrawal of Sharon from the Likud, Netanyahu was one of several candidates who vied for the Likud leadership. His most recent attempt prior to this was in September 2005 when he had tried to hold early primaries for the position of the head of the Likud party, while the party held the office of prime minister – thus effectively pushing Ariel Sharon out of office. The party rejected this initiative. Netanyahu <a href="/wiki/2005_Likud_leadership_election" title="2005 Likud leadership election">retook the leadership</a> on 20 December 2005, with 47% of the primary vote, to 32% for <a href="/wiki/Silvan_Shalom" title="Silvan Shalom">Silvan Shalom</a> and 15% for <a href="/wiki/Moshe_Feiglin" title="Moshe Feiglin">Moshe Feiglin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-xinh-9">[8]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2006_Israeli_legislative_election" title="2006 Israeli legislative election">March 2006 Knesset elections</a>, Likud took the third place behind <a href="/wiki/Kadima" title="Kadima">Kadima</a> and <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Labor_Party" title="Israeli Labor Party">Labor</a> and Netanyahu served as Leader of the Opposition.<a href="#cite_note-poor-122">[121]</a> On 14 August 2007, Netanyahu was <a href="/wiki/2007_Likud_leadership_election" title="2007 Likud leadership election">reelected as chairman</a> of the Likud and its candidate for the post of prime minister with 73% of the vote, against <a href="/wiki/Far-right" class="mw-redirect" title="Far-right">far-right</a> candidate <a href="/wiki/Moshe_Feiglin" title="Moshe Feiglin">Moshe Feiglin</a> and World Likud chairman <a href="/wiki/Danny_Danon" title="Danny Danon">Danny Danon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-feig-123">[122]</a> He opposed the <a href="/wiki/2008_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_ceasefire" title="2008 Israel–Hamas ceasefire">2008 Israel–Hamas ceasefire</a>, like others in the Knesset opposition. Specifically, Netanyahu said: "This is not a relaxation, it's an Israeli agreement to the rearming of Hamas ... What are we getting for this?"<a href="#cite_note-wash-124">[123]</a> In the first half of 2008, doctors removed a small <a href="/wiki/Colon_polyp" class="mw-redirect" title="Colon polyp">colon polyp</a> that proved to be benign.<a href="#cite_note-125">[124]</a> Following <a href="/wiki/Tzipi_Livni" title="Tzipi Livni">Tzipi Livni</a>'s election to head <a href="/wiki/Kadima" title="Kadima">Kadima</a> and Olmert's resignation from the post of prime minister, Netanyahu declined to join the coalition Livni was trying to form and supported new elections, which were held in February 2009.<a href="#cite_note-126">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[126]</a> Netanyahu was the Likud's candidate for prime minister in the <a href="/wiki/2009_Israeli_legislative_election" title="2009 Israeli legislative election">2009 Israeli legislative election</a> which took place on 10 February 2009, as Livni, the previous <a href="/wiki/Acting_Prime_Minister_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Acting Prime Minister of Israel">designated acting prime minister</a> under the Olmert government, had been unable to form a viable governing coalition. Opinion polls showed Likud in the lead, but with as many as a third of Israeli voters undecided.<a href="#cite_note-128">[127]</a> In the election itself, Likud won the second highest number of seats, Livni's party having outnumbered the Likud by one seat. A possible explanation for Likud's relatively poor showing is that some Likud supporters defected to <a href="/wiki/Avigdor_Lieberman" title="Avigdor Lieberman">Avigdor Lieberman</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Yisrael_Beiteinu" title="Yisrael Beiteinu">Yisrael Beiteinu</a> party. Netanyahu, however, claimed victory on the basis that right-wing parties won the majority of the vote, and on 20 February 2009, Netanyahu was designated by Israeli President <a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Shimon Peres</a> to succeed Ehud Olmert as prime minister, and began his negotiations to form a coalition government.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Despite right wing parties winning a majority of 65 seats in the <a href="/wiki/Knesset" title="Knesset">Knesset</a>, Netanyahu preferred a broader centrist coalition and turned to his Kadima rivals, chaired by Tzipi Livni, to join his government. This time it was Livni's turn to decline to join, with a difference of opinion on how to pursue the peace process being the stumbling block. Netanyahu did manage to entice a smaller rival, the Labour party, chaired by Ehud Barak, to join his government, giving him a certain amount of centrist tone. Netanyahu presented his cabinet for a Knesset "Vote of Confidence" on 31 March 2009. The 32nd Government was approved that day by a majority of 69 lawmakers to 45 (with five abstaining) and the members were sworn in.<a href="#cite_note-swornh-11">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-swornr-12">[11]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prime_minister_(2009–2021)">Prime minister (2009–2021)</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_term">Second term</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Thirty-second_government_of_Israel" title="Thirty-second government of Israel">Thirty-second government of Israel</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Med-Netan.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Med-Netan.jpeg/220px-Med-Netan.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Med-Netan.jpeg/330px-Med-Netan.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Med-Netan.jpeg/440px-Med-Netan.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="434" /></a><figcaption>Netanyahu in a meeting with President <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev" title="Dmitry Medvedev">Dmitry Medvedev</a> in Russia, 24 March 2011</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Benjamin_Netanyahu_and_Yohanan_Danino_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Benjamin_Netanyahu_and_Yohanan_Danino_2012.jpg/220px-Benjamin_Netanyahu_and_Yohanan_Danino_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Benjamin_Netanyahu_and_Yohanan_Danino_2012.jpg/330px-Benjamin_Netanyahu_and_Yohanan_Danino_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Benjamin_Netanyahu_and_Yohanan_Danino_2012.jpg/440px-Benjamin_Netanyahu_and_Yohanan_Danino_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1712" data-file-height="1100" /></a><figcaption>Netanyahu with <a href="/wiki/Yohanan_Danino" title="Yohanan Danino">Yohanan Danino</a>, appointed Israel's Chief of Police in 2011</figcaption></figure> In 2009, US Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> voiced support for the establishment of a <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestinian state</a> – a solution not endorsed by <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Israel" title="Prime Minister of Israel">prime minister</a>-designate Benjamin Netanyahu,<a href="#cite_note-129">[128]</a> with whom she had earlier pledged the United States' cooperation.<a href="#cite_note-130">[129]</a> Upon the arrival of President Obama administration's special envoy, <a href="/wiki/George_J._Mitchell" title="George J. Mitchell">George Mitchell</a>, Netanyahu said that any furtherance of negotiations with the Palestinians would be conditioned on the Palestinians recognizing Israel as a Jewish state.<a href="#cite_note-131">[130]</a> During <a href="/wiki/A_New_Beginning_(speech)" title="A New Beginning (speech)">President Obama's Cairo speech</a> on 4 June 2009 in which Obama addressed the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_world" title="Muslim world">Muslim world</a>, Obama stated, among other things, "The United States does not accept the legitimacy of continued Israeli settlements." Following Obama's Cairo speech Netanyahu immediately called a special government meeting. On 14 June, ten days after Obama's Cairo speech, Netanyahu gave a speech at Bar-Ilan University in which he endorsed a "Demilitarized Palestinian State", though said that Jerusalem must remain the unified capital of Israel.<a href="#cite_note-Hatz_14Jun2009-132">[131]</a> Netanyahu stated that he would accept a <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian state">Palestinian state</a> if <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> were to remain <a href="/wiki/Positions_on_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Positions on Jerusalem">the united capital of Israel</a>, the Palestinians would have no army, and the Palestinians would give up their demand for a <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_right_of_return" title="Palestinian right of return">right of return</a>. He also argued the right for a "natural growth" in the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_settlement" title="Israeli settlement">existing Jewish settlements</a> in the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> while their permanent status is up to further negotiation. Senior Palestinian official <a href="/wiki/Saeb_Erekat" title="Saeb Erekat">Saeb Erekat</a> said that the speech had "closed the door to permanent status negotiations" due to Netanyahu's declarations on Jerusalem, refugees and settlements.<a href="#cite_note-133">[132]</a> Three months after starting his term, Netanyahu remarked that his cabinet already had achieved several notable successes, such as the establishment of a working <a href="/wiki/Coalition_government" title="Coalition government">national unity government</a>, and a broad consensus for a "<a href="/wiki/Two-state_solution" title="Two-state solution">two-state solution</a>".<a href="#cite_note-134">[133]</a> A July 2009 survey by <a href="/wiki/Ha%27aretz" class="mw-redirect" title="Ha'aretz">Ha'aretz</a> found that most Israelis supported the Netanyahu government, giving him a personal approval rating of about 49 percent.<a href="#cite_note-135">[134]</a> Netanyahu has lifted checkpoints in the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> in order to allow freedom of movement and a flow of imports; a step that resulted in an economic boost in the West Bank.<a href="#cite_note-136">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[137]</a> In 2009, Netanyahu welcomed the <a href="/wiki/2002_Arab_League_summit" title="2002 Arab League summit">Arab Peace initiative</a> (also known as the "Saudi Peace Initiative") and lauded a call by <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Crown_Prince" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown Prince">Crown Prince</a> <a href="/wiki/Salman_bin_Hamad_bin_Isa_Al_Khalifa" class="mw-redirect" title="Salman bin Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa">Salman bin Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa</a> to normalize relations with Israel.<a href="#cite_note-139">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-140">[139]</a> In August 2009, Palestinian Authority chairman <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Abbas" title="Mahmoud Abbas">Mahmoud Abbas</a> declared that he would be willing to meet with Prime Minister Netanyahu at the <a href="/wiki/UN_General_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="UN General Assembly">UN General Assembly</a>, where Netanyahu had accepted president Obama's invitation for a "triple summit", although he said it would not necessarily lead to negotiations.<a href="#cite_note-141">[140]</a> Netanyahu was reported to be in a pivotal moment over these understandings, that were reported to include a compromise over permission on continuing the already approved construction in the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> in exchange for freezing all settlements thereafter, as well as continuing building in <a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">East Jerusalem</a>, and at the same time stopping the demolition of houses of Arab inhabitants there.<a href="#cite_note-Maariv1-142">[141]</a> On 4 September 2009, it was reported that Netanyahu was to agree to settlers' political demands to approve more settlement constructions before a temporary settlement freeze agreement took place.<a href="#cite_note-143">[142]</a> White House spokesman <a href="/wiki/Robert_Gibbs" title="Robert Gibbs">Robert Gibbs</a> expressed "regret" over the move;<a href="#cite_note-144">[143]</a> however, one U.S. official said the move will not "derail [the] train".<a href="#cite_note-145">[144]</a> On 7 September 2009, Netanyahu left his office without reporting where he was headed. The prime minister's military secretary, Maj. Gen. Meir Kalifi, later reported Netanyahu had visited a security facility in Israel.<a href="#cite_note-dis-1-146">[145]</a> Several different news agencies reported several different stories about where he was.<a href="#cite_note-147">[146]</a> On 9 September 2009, <a href="/wiki/Yedioth_Ahronoth" title="Yedioth Ahronoth">Yedioth Ahronoth</a> reported that the Israeli leader had made a secret flight to Moscow to try to persuade Russian officials not to sell S-300 anti-aircraft missile systems to Iran.<a href="#cite_note-dis-1-146">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[148]</a> Headlines branded Netanyahu a "liar" and dubbed the affair a "fiasco".<a href="#cite_note-150">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-151">[150]</a> It was later reported that the PM's military secretary would be dismissed due to the affair.<a href="#cite_note-152">[151]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Times" title="The Sunday Times">The Sunday Times</a> reported that the trip was made to share the names of Russian scientists that Israel believes are abetting the alleged Iranian nuclear weapons program.<a href="#cite_note-153">[152]</a> On 24 September 2009, in an address to the United Nations General Assembly in New York, Netanyahu said Iran poses a threat to the peace of the world and that it is incumbent on the world body to prevent the Islamic Republic from obtaining nuclear weapons.<a href="#cite_note-un-1-154">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-un-2-155">[154]</a> Waving the blueprints for Auschwitz and invoking the memory of his own family members murdered by the Nazis, Netanyahu delivered a passionate and public riposte to Iranian president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's questioning of the Holocaust, asking: "Have you no shame?"<a href="#cite_note-156">[155]</a> In response to pressure from the Obama administration urging the sides to resume peace talks, on 25 November 2009 Netanyahu announced a partial 10-month settlement construction freeze plan. The announced partial freeze had no significant effect on actual settlement construction, according to an analysis by the major Israeli daily <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a>.<a href="#cite_note-157">[156]</a> U.S. special envoy George Mitchell said, "while the United States shares Arab concerns about the limitations of Israel's gesture, it is more than any Israeli government has ever done".<a href="#cite_note-158">[157]</a> In his announcement Netanyahu called the move "a painful step that will encourage the peace process" and urged the Palestinians to respond.<a href="#cite_note-159">[158]</a> The Palestinians rejected the call, stating the gesture was "insignificant" in that thousands of recently approved settlement buildings in the West Bank would continue to be built and there would be no freeze of settlement activity in East Jerusalem.<a href="#cite_note-160">[159]</a> In March 2010, Israel's government approved construction of an additional 1,600 apartments in a large Jewish housing development in northern East Jerusalem called <a href="/wiki/Ramat_Shlomo" title="Ramat Shlomo">Ramat Shlomo</a><a href="#cite_note-jp2010-03-14-161">[160]</a> despite the position of the current U.S. Government that acts such as this thwart the peace talks between Israel and the Palestinians. The Israeli government's announcement occurred during a visit by U.S. Vice-president <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> and the U.S. government subsequently issued a strongly worded condemnation of the plan.<a href="#cite_note-t2010-03-16-162">[161]</a> Netanyahu subsequently issued a statement that all previous Israeli governments had continuously permitted construction in the neighborhood, and that certain neighborhoods such as Ramat Shlomo and <a href="/wiki/Gilo" title="Gilo">Gilo</a> have always been included as part of Israel in any final agreement plan that has been proposed by either side to date.<a href="#cite_note-jp2010-03-14-161">[160]</a> Netanyahu regretted the timing of the announcement but asserted that "our policy on Jerusalem is the same policy followed by all Israeli governments for the 42 years, and it has not changed."<a href="#cite_note-163">[162]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Clinton_Netanyahu_Abbas_Mitchell_2_Sep_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Clinton_Netanyahu_Abbas_Mitchell_2_Sep_2010.jpg/220px-Clinton_Netanyahu_Abbas_Mitchell_2_Sep_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Clinton_Netanyahu_Abbas_Mitchell_2_Sep_2010.jpg/330px-Clinton_Netanyahu_Abbas_Mitchell_2_Sep_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Clinton_Netanyahu_Abbas_Mitchell_2_Sep_2010.jpg/440px-Clinton_Netanyahu_Abbas_Mitchell_2_Sep_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1459" data-file-height="1087" /></a><figcaption>Netanyahu, <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_J._Mitchell" title="George J. Mitchell">George J. Mitchell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Abbas" title="Mahmoud Abbas">Mahmoud Abbas</a> at the start of the <a href="/wiki/Direct_negotiations_between_Israel_and_the_Palestinians_(2010-2011)" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct negotiations between Israel and the Palestinians (2010-2011)">direct talks</a>, 2 September 2010</figcaption></figure> In September 2010, Netanyahu agreed to enter <a href="/wiki/Direct_negotiations_between_Israel_and_the_Palestinians_in_2010" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct negotiations between Israel and the Palestinians in 2010">direct talks</a>, mediated by the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidency of Barack Obama">Obama administration</a>, with the Palestinians for the first time in a long while.<a href="#cite_note-ap090110-164">[163]</a> The ultimate aim of these direct talks is to forge the framework of an official "final status settlement" to the <a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a> by forming a <a href="/wiki/Two-state_solution" title="Two-state solution">two-state solution</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish people">Jewish people</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian people">Palestinian people</a>. On 27 September, the 10-month settlement freeze ended, and the Israeli government approved new construction in the West Bank, including East Jerusalem.<a href="#cite_note-165">[164]</a> On retiring from office in July 2011, former U.S. Secretary of Defense <a href="/wiki/Robert_Gates" title="Robert Gates">Robert Gates</a> had said that Netanyahu was ungrateful to the United States and endangering Israel. Responding, the Likud party defended Netanyahu by saying that most Israelis supported the Prime Minister and that he had broad support in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-166">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[166]</a> Netanyahu unsuccessfully called for the early release of <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Pollard" title="Jonathan Pollard">Jonathan Pollard</a>, an American serving a life sentence for passing secret U.S. documents to Israel in 1987.<a href="#cite_note-168">[167]</a> He has raised the issue at the <a href="/wiki/Wye_River_(Maryland)" title="Wye River (Maryland)">Wye River</a> Summit in 1998, where he claimed that U.S. President Bill Clinton had privately agreed to release Pollard.<a href="#cite_note-169">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-170">[169]</a> In 2002, Netanyahu visited Pollard at his <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a> prison.<a href="#cite_note-171">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-172">[171]</a> The Israeli prime minister maintained contact with Pollard's wife, and was active in pressing the Obama administration to release Pollard.<a href="#cite_note-173">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-lettertoobama-174">[173]</a> In 2011, <a href="/wiki/2011_Israeli_social_justice_protests" title="2011 Israeli social justice protests">social justice protests</a> broke out across Israel. Hundreds of thousands of people protested Israel's high cost of living throughout the country. In response, Netanyahu appointed the <a href="/wiki/Trajtenberg_Committee" title="Trajtenberg Committee">Trajtenberg Committee</a>, headed by professor <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Trajtenberg" title="Manuel Trajtenberg">Manuel Trajtenberg</a>, to examine the problems and propose solutions. The committee submitted recommendations to lower the high cost of living in September 2011.<a href="#cite_note-175">[174]</a> Although Netanyahu promised to push the proposed reforms through the cabinet in one piece, differences inside his coalition resulted in the reforms being gradually adopted.<a href="#cite_note-176">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-177">[176]</a> Netanyahu's cabinet also approved a plan to build a <a href="/wiki/Optical_fiber_cable" class="mw-redirect" title="Optical fiber cable">fiber-optic cable</a> network across the country to bring cheap, high-speed <a href="/wiki/Fiber-optic_communication" title="Fiber-optic communication">fiber-optic</a> Internet access to every home.<a href="#cite_note-178">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-179">[178]</a> In 2012, Netanyahu initially planned to call early elections, but subsequently oversaw the creation of a controversial government of national unity to see Israel through until the national elections of 2013.<a href="#cite_note-180">[179]</a> In May 2012, Netanyahu officially recognized for the first time the right for Palestinians to have their own state in an official document, a letter to Mahmoud Abbas, though as before<a href="#cite_note-Hatz_14Jun2009-132">[131]</a> he declared it would have to be demilitarized.<a href="#cite_note-181">[180]</a> On 25 October 2012, Netanyahu and Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Avigdor_Lieberman" title="Avigdor Lieberman">Avigdor Lieberman</a> announced that their respective political parties, <a href="/wiki/Likud" title="Likud">Likud</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yisrael_Beiteinu" title="Yisrael Beiteinu">Yisrael Beiteinu</a>, had merged and would run together on a single ballot in Israel's 22 January 2013 general elections.<a href="#cite_note-182">[181]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Third_term">Third term</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Thirty-third_government_of_Israel" title="Thirty-third government of Israel">Thirty-third government of Israel</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/2013_Israeli_legislative_election" title="2013 Israeli legislative election">2013 election</a> returned Netanyahu's <a href="/wiki/Likud_Yisrael_Beiteinu" title="Likud Yisrael Beiteinu">Likud Beiteinu</a> coalition with 11 fewer seats than the combined Likud and Yisrael Beiteinu parties had going into the vote. Nevertheless, as leader of what remained the largest faction in the Knesset, Israeli president Shimon Peres charged Netanyahu with the task of forming the <a href="/wiki/Thirty-third_government_of_Israel" title="Thirty-third government of Israel">Thirty-third government of Israel</a>. The new coalition included the <a href="/wiki/Yesh_Atid" title="Yesh Atid">Yesh Atid</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Home" title="The Jewish Home">The Jewish Home</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hatnuah" class="mw-redirect" title="Hatnuah">Hatnuah</a> parties and excludes the ultra-Orthodox parties at the insistence of Yesh Atid and the Jewish Home. During Netanyahu's third term, he continued his policy of economic liberalization. In December 2013, the Knesset approved the Business Concentration Law, which intended to open Israel's highly concentrated economy to competition to lower consumer prices, reduce income inequality, and increase economic growth. Netanyahu had formed the Concentration Committee in 2010, and the bill, which was pushed forward by his government, implemented its recommendations. The new law banned multi-tiered corporate holding structures, in which a CEO's family members or other affiliated individuals held public companies which in turn owned other public companies, and who were thus able to engage in <a href="/wiki/Price_gouging" title="Price gouging">price gouging</a>. Under the law, corporations were banned from owning more than two tiers of publicly listed companies and from holding both financial and non-financial enterprises. All conglomerates were given four to six years to sell excess holdings.<a href="#cite_note-183">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-184">[183]</a> Netanyahu also began a campaign of port privatization to break what he viewed as the monopoly held by workers of the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Port_Authority" title="Israel Port Authority">Israel Port Authority</a>, so as to lower consumer prices and increase exports. In July 2013, he issued tenders for the construction of private ports in <a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ashdod" title="Ashdod">Ashdod</a>.<a href="#cite_note-185">[184]</a> Netanyahu has also pledged to curb excess bureaucracy and regulations to ease the burden on industry.<a href="#cite_note-186">[185]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Visita_a_Israel_para_el_Funeral_de_Estado_de_Shimon_Peres_(30022263895).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Visita_a_Israel_para_el_Funeral_de_Estado_de_Shimon_Peres_%2830022263895%29.jpg/220px-Visita_a_Israel_para_el_Funeral_de_Estado_de_Shimon_Peres_%2830022263895%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Visita_a_Israel_para_el_Funeral_de_Estado_de_Shimon_Peres_%2830022263895%29.jpg/330px-Visita_a_Israel_para_el_Funeral_de_Estado_de_Shimon_Peres_%2830022263895%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Visita_a_Israel_para_el_Funeral_de_Estado_de_Shimon_Peres_%2830022263895%29.jpg/440px-Visita_a_Israel_para_el_Funeral_de_Estado_de_Shimon_Peres_%2830022263895%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2208" data-file-height="1510" /></a><figcaption>Netanyahu, U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> and Israeli President <a href="/wiki/Reuven_Rivlin" title="Reuven Rivlin">Reuven Rivlin</a> at the funeral of former Israeli President <a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Shimon Peres</a>, Jerusalem, 30 September 2016</figcaption></figure> In April 2014, and again in June, Netanyahu spoke of his deep concerns when Hamas and the Palestinian Authority agreed and then formed a unity government, and was severely critical of both the United States and European governments' decision to work with the Palestinian coalition government.<a href="#cite_note-187">[186]</a> He blamed Hamas for <a href="/wiki/2014_kidnapping_and_murder_of_Israeli_teenagers" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers">the kidnapping and murder of three Israeli teenagers</a> in June 2014,<a href="#cite_note-188">[187]</a> and launched a massive search and arrest operation on the West Bank, targeting members of Hamas in particular, and over the following weeks hit 60 targets in Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-Leas-189">[188]</a> Missile and rocket exchanges between Gaza militants and the IDF escalated after the bodies of the teenagers, who had been killed almost immediately as the government had good reasons to suspect, were discovered on 30 June 2014.<a href="#cite_note-190">[189]</a> After several <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a> operatives were killed, either in an explosion or from an Israeli bombing, Hamas officially declared it would launch rockets from Gaza into Israel,<a href="#cite_note-Leas-189">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-191">[190]</a> and Israel started <a href="/wiki/Operation_Protective_Edge" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Protective Edge">Operation Protective Edge</a> in the Gaza Strip, formally ending the November 2012 ceasefire agreement.<a href="#cite_note-192">[191]</a> The prime minister did a round of television shows in the United States and described Hamas as "genocidal terrorists" in an interview on CNN.<a href="#cite_note-IsraelPM-193">[192]</a> When asked if Gazan casualties from the operation might spark "a third intifada", Netanyahu replied that Hamas was working towards that goal.<a href="#cite_note-194">[193]</a> In October 2014, Netanyahu's government approved a privatization plan to reduce corruption and politicization in government companies, and strengthen Israel's capital market. Under the plan, minority stakes of up to 49% in state-owned companies, including arms manufacturers, energy, postal, water, and railway companies, as well as the ports of Haifa and Ashdod.<a href="#cite_note-195">[194]</a> That same month, Netanyahu called criticism of settlements "against the American values", a remark that earned him a sharp rebuke from the White House Press Secretary Josh Earnest, who noted that American values had resulted in Israel receiving not only consistent funding but protective technology such as Iron Dome. Netanyahu explained that he does not accept restrictions on where Jews could live, and said that Jerusalem's Arabs and Jews should be able to buy homes wherever they want. He said he was "baffled" by the American condemnation. "It's against the American values. And it doesn't bode well for peace. The idea that we'd have this ethnic purification as a condition for peace, I think it's anti-peace."<a href="#cite_note-196">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-197">[196]</a><a href="#cite_note-198">[197]</a> Not long thereafter, Jeffrey Goldberg of The Atlantic reported that the relationship between Netanyahu and the White House had reached a new low, with the U.S. administration angry over Israel's settlement policies, and Netanyahu expressing contempt for the American administration's grasp of the Middle East.<a href="#cite_note-crisis-199">[198]</a> On 2 December 2014, Netanyahu fired two of his ministers, Finance Minister <a href="/wiki/Yair_Lapid" title="Yair Lapid">Yair Lapid</a>, who heads the centrist <a href="/wiki/Yesh_Atid" title="Yesh Atid">Yesh Atid</a> party and Justice Minister <a href="/wiki/Tzipi_Livni" title="Tzipi Livni">Tzipi Livni</a>, who heads <a href="/wiki/Hatnua" title="Hatnua">Hatnua</a>. The changes led to the dissolution of the government, with new elections expected on 17 March 2015.<a href="#cite_note-200">[199]</a> In January 2015, Netanyahu was invited to address the US Congress. This speech marked Netanyahu's third speech to a joint session of Congress.<a href="#cite_note-201">[200]</a> The day before announcing he would address Congress, <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> reported that he tried to derail a meeting between U.S. lawmakers and the head of Mossad, <a href="/wiki/Tamir_Pardo" title="Tamir Pardo">Tamir Pardo</a>, who intended warning them against imposing further sanctions against Iran, a move that might derail nuclear talks.<a href="#cite_note-202">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-203">[202]</a> Leading up to the speech, on 3 March 2015, Israeli consuls general in the United States "expect[ed] fierce negative reaction from U.S. Jewish communities and Israel's allies". Objections included the arrangement of the speech without the support and engagement of the Obama administration and the timing of the speech before Israel's 17 March 2015 election. Seven American Jewish lawmakers met with <a href="/wiki/Ron_Dermer" title="Ron Dermer">Ron Dermer</a>, Israel's ambassador to the U.S. and recommended that Netanyahu instead meet with lawmakers privately to discuss Iran.<a href="#cite_note-204">[203]</a> In making the speech, Netanyahu claimed to speak for all Jews worldwide, a claim disputed by others in the Jewish community.<a href="#cite_note-205">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-206">[205]</a><a href="#cite_note-207">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-208">[207]</a> Rebecca Vilkomerson, executive director of Jewish Voice for Peace, stated that "American Jews are largely appalled by the notion that Netanyahu, or any other Israeli politician – one that we did not elect and do not choose to be represented by – claims to speak for us."<a href="#cite_note-209">[208]</a> As election day approached in what was perceived to be a close race in the 2015 Israeli elections, Netanyahu answered 'indeed' when asked whether a Palestinian state would not be established in his term. He said that support of a Palestinian state is tantamount to yielding territory for radical Islamic terrorists to attack Israel.<a href="#cite_note-210">[209]</a> However, Netanyahu reiterated "I don't want a one-state solution. I want a peaceful, sustainable two-state solution. I have not changed my policy."<a href="#cite_note-211">[210]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fourth_term">Fourth term</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Thirty-fourth_government_of_Israel" title="Thirty-fourth government of Israel">Thirty-fourth government of Israel</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SecStae_viasit_April_2018_(41884908901).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/SecStae_viasit_April_2018_%2841884908901%29.jpg/220px-SecStae_viasit_April_2018_%2841884908901%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/SecStae_viasit_April_2018_%2841884908901%29.jpg/330px-SecStae_viasit_April_2018_%2841884908901%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/SecStae_viasit_April_2018_%2841884908901%29.jpg/440px-SecStae_viasit_April_2018_%2841884908901%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Netanyahu and US Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pompeo" title="Mike Pompeo">Mike Pompeo</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joseph_Dunford_visit_to_Israel,_May_2017_DSC_3508_(33798189093).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Joseph_Dunford_visit_to_Israel%2C_May_2017_DSC_3508_%2833798189093%29.jpg/220px-Joseph_Dunford_visit_to_Israel%2C_May_2017_DSC_3508_%2833798189093%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Joseph_Dunford_visit_to_Israel%2C_May_2017_DSC_3508_%2833798189093%29.jpg/330px-Joseph_Dunford_visit_to_Israel%2C_May_2017_DSC_3508_%2833798189093%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Joseph_Dunford_visit_to_Israel%2C_May_2017_DSC_3508_%2833798189093%29.jpg/440px-Joseph_Dunford_visit_to_Israel%2C_May_2017_DSC_3508_%2833798189093%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1700" data-file-height="1100" /></a><figcaption>Netanyahu, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dunford" title="Joseph Dunford">Joseph Dunford</a> and Jewish veterans of the <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victory_Day_(9_May)" title="Victory Day (9 May)">Victory Day</a> in Jerusalem, 9 May 2017</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Trump_at_the_Israel_Museum._Jerusalem_May_23,_2017_President_Trump_at_the_Israel_Museum._Jerusalem_May_23,_2017_(34460980460).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/President_Trump_at_the_Israel_Museum._Jerusalem_May_23%2C_2017_President_Trump_at_the_Israel_Museum._Jerusalem_May_23%2C_2017_%2834460980460%29.jpg/220px-President_Trump_at_the_Israel_Museum._Jerusalem_May_23%2C_2017_President_Trump_at_the_Israel_Museum._Jerusalem_May_23%2C_2017_%2834460980460%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/President_Trump_at_the_Israel_Museum._Jerusalem_May_23%2C_2017_President_Trump_at_the_Israel_Museum._Jerusalem_May_23%2C_2017_%2834460980460%29.jpg/330px-President_Trump_at_the_Israel_Museum._Jerusalem_May_23%2C_2017_President_Trump_at_the_Israel_Museum._Jerusalem_May_23%2C_2017_%2834460980460%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/President_Trump_at_the_Israel_Museum._Jerusalem_May_23%2C_2017_President_Trump_at_the_Israel_Museum._Jerusalem_May_23%2C_2017_%2834460980460%29.jpg/440px-President_Trump_at_the_Israel_Museum._Jerusalem_May_23%2C_2017_President_Trump_at_the_Israel_Museum._Jerusalem_May_23%2C_2017_%2834460980460%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Netanyahu meets with President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> in Jerusalem, May 2017.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_of_Ukraine_held_a_meeting_with_the_Prime_Minister_of_Israel,_January_2018.III.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/President_of_Ukraine_held_a_meeting_with_the_Prime_Minister_of_Israel%2C_January_2018.III.jpeg/220px-President_of_Ukraine_held_a_meeting_with_the_Prime_Minister_of_Israel%2C_January_2018.III.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/President_of_Ukraine_held_a_meeting_with_the_Prime_Minister_of_Israel%2C_January_2018.III.jpeg/330px-President_of_Ukraine_held_a_meeting_with_the_Prime_Minister_of_Israel%2C_January_2018.III.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/President_of_Ukraine_held_a_meeting_with_the_Prime_Minister_of_Israel%2C_January_2018.III.jpeg/440px-President_of_Ukraine_held_a_meeting_with_the_Prime_Minister_of_Israel%2C_January_2018.III.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="6382" data-file-height="4255" /></a><figcaption>Netanyahu meets with Ukrainian President <a href="/wiki/Petro_Poroshenko" title="Petro Poroshenko">Petro Poroshenko</a>, 24 January 2018.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Trump_Welcome_the_Prime_Minister_of_Israel_to_the_White_House,_25_March_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/President_Trump_Welcome_the_Prime_Minister_of_Israel_to_the_White_House%2C_25_March_2019.jpg/220px-President_Trump_Welcome_the_Prime_Minister_of_Israel_to_the_White_House%2C_25_March_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/President_Trump_Welcome_the_Prime_Minister_of_Israel_to_the_White_House%2C_25_March_2019.jpg/330px-President_Trump_Welcome_the_Prime_Minister_of_Israel_to_the_White_House%2C_25_March_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/President_Trump_Welcome_the_Prime_Minister_of_Israel_to_the_White_House%2C_25_March_2019.jpg/440px-President_Trump_Welcome_the_Prime_Minister_of_Israel_to_the_White_House%2C_25_March_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="2333" /></a><figcaption>President Trump, joined by Netanyahu behind, signs the proclamation <a href="/wiki/United_States_recognition_of_the_Golan_Heights_as_part_of_Israel" title="United States recognition of the Golan Heights as part of Israel">recognizing</a> Israel's 1981 <a href="/wiki/Golan_Heights_Law" title="Golan Heights Law">annexation</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Golan_Heights" title="Golan Heights">Golan Heights</a>, March 2019.</figcaption></figure> In the <a href="/wiki/2015_Israeli_legislative_election" title="2015 Israeli legislative election">2015 election</a>, Netanyahu returned with his party Likud leading the elections with 30 mandates, making it the single highest number of seats for the Knesset. President Rivlin granted Netanyahu an extension until 6 May 2015 to build a coalition when one had not been finalized in the first four weeks of negotiations.<a href="#cite_note-212">[211]</a> He formed a coalition government within two hours of the midnight 6 May deadline.<a href="#cite_note-TimesIsrael05062015-213">[212]</a> His Likud party formed the coalition with <a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Home" title="The Jewish Home">Jewish Home</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Torah_Judaism" title="United Torah Judaism">United Torah Judaism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kulanu" title="Kulanu">Kulanu</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Shas" title="Shas">Shas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-TimesIsrael05062015-213">[212]</a><a href="#cite_note-214">[213]</a> On 28 May 2015, Netanyahu announced that he would be running for an unprecedented fifth term as prime minister in the next general election and that he supports Likud's current process of picking MK candidates.<a href="#cite_note-215">[214]</a> In August 2015, Netanyahu's government approved a two-year budget that would see agricultural reforms and lowering of import duties to reduce <a href="/wiki/Food_prices" title="Food prices">food prices</a>, deregulation of the approval process in construction to lower housing costs and speed up infrastructure building, and reforms in the financial sector to boost competition and lower fees for financial services.<a href="#cite_note-216">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-217">[216]</a> In the end, the government was forced to compromise by removing some key agricultural reforms.<a href="#cite_note-218">[217]</a> In October 2015, Netanyahu drew widespread criticism for claiming that the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, <a href="/wiki/Haj_Amin_al-Husseini" class="mw-redirect" title="Haj Amin al-Husseini">Haj Amin al-Husseini</a>, gave <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> the idea for the <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">Holocaust</a> in the preceding months to the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, convincing the Nazi leader to exterminate Jews rather than just expel them from Europe.<a href="#cite_note-219">[218]</a><a href="#cite_note-220">[219]</a><a href="#cite_note-221">[220]</a> This idea is dismissed by mainstream historians,<a href="#cite_note-222">[221]</a> who note that al-Husseini's meeting with Hitler took place approximately five months after the mass murder of Jews began.<a href="#cite_note-Hatz_months_before-223">[222]</a> German Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Angela Merkel</a> said she did not accept Netanyahu's claims, and reiterated an acceptance of her country's crimes during the Nazi era.<a href="#cite_note-224">[223]</a> Netanyahu later explained that his "aim was not to absolve Hitler from the responsibility he bears, but to show that the father of the Palestinian nation at the time, without a state and before the 'occupation', without the territories and with the settlements, even then aspired with systemic incitement for the destruction of the Jews."<a href="#cite_note-Sokol-225">[224]</a> Some of the strongest criticism came from Israeli academics: <a href="/wiki/Yehuda_Bauer" title="Yehuda Bauer">Yehuda Bauer</a> said Netanyahu's claim was "completely idiotic",<a href="#cite_note-Hatz_months_before-223">[222]</a> while <a href="/wiki/Moshe_Zimmermann" title="Moshe Zimmermann">Moshe Zimmermann</a> stated that "any attempt to deflect the burden from Hitler to others is a form of <a href="/wiki/Holocaust_denial" title="Holocaust denial">Holocaust denial</a>."<a href="#cite_note-226">[225]</a> In March 2016, Netanyahu's coalition faced a potential crisis as ultra-Orthodox members threatened to withdraw over the government's proposed steps to create non-Orthodox prayer space at the <a href="/wiki/Western_Wall" title="Western Wall">Western Wall</a>. They have stated they will leave the coalition if the government offers any further official state recognition of Conservative and <a href="/wiki/Reform_Judaism" title="Reform Judaism">Reform Judaism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-227">[226]</a> On 23 December 2016, the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, under the <a href="/wiki/Obama_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Obama Administration">Obama Administration</a>, abstained from <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2334" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 2334">United Nations Security Council Resolution 2334</a>, effectively allowing it to pass.<a href="#cite_note-228">[227]</a> On 28 December, U.S. Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a> strongly criticized Israel and its <a href="/wiki/Israeli_settlement" title="Israeli settlement">settlement policies</a> in a speech.<a href="#cite_note-229">[228]</a> Netanyahu strongly criticized both the UN Resolution<a href="#cite_note-230">[229]</a> and Kerry's speech<a href="#cite_note-231">[230]</a> in response. On 6 January 2017, the Israeli government withdrew its annual dues from the organization, which totaled $6 million in <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">United States dollars</a>.<a href="#cite_note-232">[231]</a> On 22 February 2017, Netanyahu became the first serving prime minister of Israel to visit <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>. He was accompanied by his wife, Sara. The three-day official visit included a delegation of business representatives, and Netanyahu and <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia" title="Prime Minister of Australia">Prime Minister of Australia</a> <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Turnbull" title="Malcolm Turnbull">Malcolm Turnbull</a> were scheduled to sign several bilateral agreements. Netanyahu recalled that it was the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Light_Horse#Formation_and_organisation" title="Australian Light Horse">Australian Light Horse regiments</a> that <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Beersheba_(1917)" title="Battle of Beersheba (1917)">liberated</a> <a href="/wiki/Beersheba" title="Beersheba">Beersheba</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, and this began what has been a relationship of 100 years between the countries.<a href="#cite_note-2017-02-22_ABC-233">[232]</a> On 12 October 2017, shortly after the United States announced the same action, Netanyahu's government announced it was leaving <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> due to what it saw as anti-Israel actions by the agency,<a href="#cite_note-234">[233]</a><a href="#cite_note-235">[234]</a> and it made that decision official in December 2017.<a href="#cite_note-236">[235]</a><a href="#cite_note-237">[236]</a> The Israeli government officially notified UNESCO of the withdrawal in late December 2017.<a href="#cite_note-238">[237]</a><a href="#cite_note-239">[238]</a><a href="#cite_note-240">[239]</a><a href="#cite_note-241">[240]</a> On 30 April 2018, Netanyahu accused Iran of not holding up its end of the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action" title="Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action">Iran nuclear deal</a> after presenting <a href="/wiki/Project_Amad" class="mw-redirect" title="Project Amad">a cache</a> of over 100,000 documents detailing the extent of Iran's nuclear program. Iran denounced Netanyahu's presentation as "propaganda".<a href="#cite_note-242">[241]</a> Netanyahu praised the <a href="/wiki/2018_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_summit" class="mw-redirect" title="2018 North Korea–United States summit">2018 North Korea–United States summit</a>. He said in a statement, "I commend US President Donald Trump on the historic summit in Singapore. This is an important step in the effort to rid the Korean peninsula of nuclear weapons."<a href="#cite_note-243">[242]</a> On 19 July 2018, the Knesset passed the <a href="/wiki/Basic_Law:_Israel_as_the_Nation-State_of_the_Jewish_People" title="Basic Law: Israel as the Nation-State of the Jewish People">Nation-State Bill</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Basic_Laws_of_Israel" title="Basic Laws of Israel">Basic Law</a> supported by Netanyahu's coalition government.<a href="#cite_note-244">[243]</a><a href="#cite_note-245">[244]</a><a href="#cite_note-246">[245]</a> Analysts saw the bill as a sign of Netanyahu's coalition advancing a right-wing agenda.<a href="#cite_note-247">[246]</a> Prior to the <a href="/wiki/April_2019_Israeli_legislative_election" title="April 2019 Israeli legislative election">April 2019 Israeli legislative election</a>, Netanyahu helped broker a deal that united the <a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Home" title="The Jewish Home">Jewish Home</a> party<a href="#cite_note-jpost.com-248">[247]</a> with the far-right <a href="/wiki/Otzma_Yehudit" title="Otzma Yehudit">Otzma Yehudit</a> party, in order to form the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_the_Right-Wing_Parties" class="mw-redirect" title="Union of the Right-Wing Parties">Union of the Right-Wing Parties</a>. The motivation of the deal was to overcome the <a href="/wiki/Electoral_threshold" title="Electoral threshold">electoral threshold</a> for smaller parties. The deal was criticized in the media, as Otzma is widely characterized as racist and traces its origins to the extremist <a href="/wiki/Kahanism" title="Kahanism">Kahanist</a> movement.<a href="#cite_note-249">[248]</a><a href="#cite_note-250">[249]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Criminal_investigations_and_indictment">Criminal investigations and indictment</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Trial of Benjamin Netanyahu">Trial of Benjamin Netanyahu</a></div> Since January 2017, Netanyahu has been investigated and questioned by Israeli police in two cases, "Case 1000" and "Case 2000". The two cases are connected. In Case 1000, Netanyahu is suspected of having obtained inappropriate favors from businessmen, including <a href="/wiki/James_Packer" title="James Packer">James Packer</a> and Hollywood producer <a href="/wiki/Arnon_Milchan" title="Arnon Milchan">Arnon Milchan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-251">[250]</a><a href="#cite_note-252">[251]</a> Case 2000 involves alleged attempts to strike a deal with the publisher of the Yedioth Ahronot newspaper group, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arnon_Mozes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arnon Mozes (page does not exist)">Arnon Mozes</a>, to promote legislation to weaken Yedioth's main competitor, <a href="/wiki/Israel_Hayom" title="Israel Hayom">Israel Hayom</a>, in exchange for more favorable coverage of Netanyahu. On 3 August 2017, Israeli police confirmed for the first time that Netanyahu was suspected of crimes involving fraud, breach of trust, and bribes in cases "1000" and "2000".<a href="#cite_note-253">[252]</a> The next day, it was reported that the Prime Minister's former chief of staff, <a href="/wiki/Ari_Harow" title="Ari Harow">Ari Harow</a>, had signed a deal with prosecutors to testify against Netanyahu in these cases.<a href="#cite_note-254">[253]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerusalem_demonstrations_06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Jerusalem_demonstrations_06.jpg/220px-Jerusalem_demonstrations_06.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Jerusalem_demonstrations_06.jpg/330px-Jerusalem_demonstrations_06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Jerusalem_demonstrations_06.jpg/440px-Jerusalem_demonstrations_06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2664" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Protests_against_Benjamin_Netanyahu_(2020)" class="mw-redirect" title="Protests against Benjamin Netanyahu (2020)">Israelis protest against Netanyahu</a> outside <a href="/wiki/Beit_Aghion" title="Beit Aghion">his official residence</a> in Jerusalem on 30 July 2020</figcaption></figure> On 13 February 2018, Israeli police recommended that Netanyahu be charged with corruption. According to a police statement, sufficient evidence exists to indict the prime minister on charges of bribery, fraud, and breach of trust in the two cases. Netanyahu responded that the allegations were baseless and that he would continue as prime minister.<a href="#cite_note-255">[254]</a> On 25 November 2018, it was reported that Economic Crimes Division Director Liat Ben-Ari recommended indictment for both cases.<a href="#cite_note-256">[255]</a> On 28 February 2019, the Israeli attorney general announced his intent to file indictments against Netanyahu on bribe and fraud charges in three different cases.<a href="#cite_note-indictments-257">[256]</a> Netanyahu was formally indicted on 21 November 2019.<a href="#cite_note-258">[257]</a><a href="#cite_note-259">[258]</a><a href="#cite_note-260">[259]</a> If Netanyahu is convicted, he could face up to 10 years in prison for bribery and a maximum of three years for fraud and breach of trust.<a href="#cite_note-261">[260]</a><a href="#cite_note-262">[261]</a> He is the first sitting prime minister in Israel's history to be charged with a crime.<a href="#cite_note-toi21nov-16">[15]</a> On 23 November 2019, it was announced that Netanyahu, in compliance with legal precedent set by the Israeli Supreme Court in 1993,<a href="#cite_note-haaretznov23-17">[16]</a> would relinquish his agriculture, health, social affairs and diaspora affairs portfolios.<a href="#cite_note-haaretznov23-17">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-toinov23-18">[17]</a> The matter of forcing a prime minister to resign due to an indictment has yet to be tested in court.<a href="#cite_note-haaretznov23-17">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-toinov23-18">[17]</a> He was officially charged on 28 January 2020.<a href="#cite_note-263">[262]</a> Netanyahu's criminal trial was set to begin on 24 May 2020, having been initially scheduled for March of that year but delayed due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-264">[263]</a> As of April 2023, <a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Trial of Benjamin Netanyahu">the criminal trial</a> was still ongoing.<a href="#cite_note-265">[264]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fifth_term">Fifth term</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Thirty-fifth_government_of_Israel" title="Thirty-fifth government of Israel">Thirty-fifth government of Israel</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%94%D7%9E_%D7%91%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95_%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%96%D7%91%D7%AA_11.7.2021_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%94%D7%9E_%D7%91%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95_%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%96%D7%91%D7%AA_11.7.2021_4.jpg/220px-%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%94%D7%9E_%D7%91%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95_%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%96%D7%91%D7%AA_11.7.2021_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%94%D7%9E_%D7%91%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95_%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%96%D7%91%D7%AA_11.7.2021_4.jpg/330px-%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%94%D7%9E_%D7%91%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95_%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%96%D7%91%D7%AA_11.7.2021_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%94%D7%9E_%D7%91%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95_%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%96%D7%91%D7%AA_11.7.2021_4.jpg/440px-%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%94%D7%9E_%D7%91%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95_%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%96%D7%91%D7%AA_11.7.2021_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Netanyahu's motorcade departs the prime minister's residence on the early morning of 11 July 2021, a month after his ouster as prime minister.</figcaption></figure> On 17 May 2020, Netanyahu was sworn in for a fifth term as prime minister in a coalition with <a href="/wiki/Benny_Gantz" title="Benny Gantz">Benny Gantz</a>. Against a background of the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Israel" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Israel">COVID-19 pandemic in Israel</a> and Netanyahu's criminal trial, <a href="/wiki/Protests_against_Benjamin_Netanyahu" class="mw-redirect" title="Protests against Benjamin Netanyahu">extensive demonstrations broke out against him</a> in front of the prime minister's residence. Following this, Netanyahu ordered to disperse the demonstrations using COVID-19 special regulations, limiting them to 20 people and at a distance of 1,000 meters from their homes.<a href="#cite_note-266">[265]</a> However, the exact opposite was achieved; the demonstrations were enlarged and dispersed to over 1,000 centers.<a href="#cite_note-267">[266]</a> By March 2021, Israel became the country with the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Israel" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Israel">highest vaccinated population</a> per capita in the world against COVID-19.<a href="#cite_note-268">[267]</a> After tensions escalated in Jerusalem in May 2021, Hamas fired rockets on Israel from Gaza, which prompted Netanyahu to initiate <a href="/wiki/2021_Israel%E2%80%93Palestine_crisis" title="2021 Israel–Palestine crisis">Operation Guardian of the Walls</a>, lasting eleven days.<a href="#cite_note-269">[268]</a> After the operation, Israeli politician and leader of the Yamina alliance <a href="/wiki/Naftali_Bennett" title="Naftali Bennett">Naftali Bennett</a> announced that he had agreed to a deal with Leader of the Opposition <a href="/wiki/Yair_Lapid" title="Yair Lapid">Yair Lapid</a> to form a <a href="/wiki/Rotation_government" title="Rotation government">rotation government</a> that would oust Netanyahu from his position as prime minister. On 13 June 2021, Bennett and Lapid formed <a href="/wiki/Thirty-sixth_government_of_Israel" title="Thirty-sixth government of Israel">a coalition government</a>,<a href="#cite_note-270">[269]</a> and Netanyahu was ousted as prime minister, ending his 12-year tenure.<a href="#cite_note-271">[270]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leader_of_the_Opposition_(2021–2022)">Leader of the Opposition (2021–2022)</h2></div> After the end of his second premiership, Netanyahu began his third stint as the leader of the opposition. Likud remained the largest party in <a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_twenty-fourth_Knesset" title="List of members of the twenty-fourth Knesset">the twenty-fourth Knesset</a>.<a href="#cite_note-272">[271]</a> He led the opposition into the <a href="/wiki/2022_Israeli_legislative_election" title="2022 Israeli legislative election">2022 Israeli legislative election</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prime_minister_(2022–present)">Prime minister (2022–present)</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sixth_term">Sixth term</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Thirty-seventh_government_of_Israel" title="Thirty-seventh government of Israel">Thirty-seventh government of Israel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Israeli_war_cabinet" title="Israeli war cabinet">Israeli war cabinet</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/2023_Israeli_judicial_reform" title="2023 Israeli judicial reform">2023 Israeli judicial reform</a>, <a href="/wiki/2023_Israeli_judicial_reform_protests" title="2023 Israeli judicial reform protests">2023 Israeli judicial reform protests</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Israel–Hamas war">Israel–Hamas war</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%98%D7%99%D7%AA,_%D7%A7%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%9F_%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%97%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%92%D7%99%D7%9F,_4_%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%A5_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%98%D7%99%D7%AA%2C_%D7%A7%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%9F_%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%97%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%92%D7%99%D7%9F%2C_4_%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%A5_2023.jpg/220px-%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%98%D7%99%D7%AA%2C_%D7%A7%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%9F_%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%97%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%92%D7%99%D7%9F%2C_4_%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%A5_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%98%D7%99%D7%AA%2C_%D7%A7%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%9F_%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%97%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%92%D7%99%D7%9F%2C_4_%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%A5_2023.jpg/330px-%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%98%D7%99%D7%AA%2C_%D7%A7%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%9F_%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%97%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%92%D7%99%D7%9F%2C_4_%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%A5_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%98%D7%99%D7%AA%2C_%D7%A7%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%9F_%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%97%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%92%D7%99%D7%9F%2C_4_%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%A5_2023.jpg/440px-%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%98%D7%99%D7%AA%2C_%D7%A7%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%9F_%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%97%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%92%D7%99%D7%9F%2C_4_%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%A5_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/2023_Israeli_judicial_reform_protests" title="2023 Israeli judicial reform protests">Protest</a> against the <a href="/wiki/2023_Israeli_judicial_reform" title="2023 Israeli judicial reform">judicial reform</a> in March 2023</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prime_Minister_Sunak_met_with_Prime_Minister_Netanyahu_at_10_Downing_Street_in_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Prime_Minister_Sunak_met_with_Prime_Minister_Netanyahu_at_10_Downing_Street_in_2023.jpg/220px-Prime_Minister_Sunak_met_with_Prime_Minister_Netanyahu_at_10_Downing_Street_in_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Prime_Minister_Sunak_met_with_Prime_Minister_Netanyahu_at_10_Downing_Street_in_2023.jpg/330px-Prime_Minister_Sunak_met_with_Prime_Minister_Netanyahu_at_10_Downing_Street_in_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Prime_Minister_Sunak_met_with_Prime_Minister_Netanyahu_at_10_Downing_Street_in_2023.jpg/440px-Prime_Minister_Sunak_met_with_Prime_Minister_Netanyahu_at_10_Downing_Street_in_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5710" data-file-height="3742" /></a><figcaption>Netanyahu with British Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Rishi_Sunak" title="Rishi Sunak">Rishi Sunak</a> in London, 24 March 2023</figcaption></figure> After the <a href="/wiki/2022_Israeli_legislative_election" title="2022 Israeli legislative election">2022 election</a>, Netanyahu was sworn in as prime minister again as the leader of a hardline coalition.<a href="#cite_note-273">[272]</a> He officially started his sixth term on 29 December 2022.<a href="#cite_note-274">[273]</a> The first months of Netanyahu's sixth term were centered around <a href="/wiki/2023_Israeli_judicial_reform" title="2023 Israeli judicial reform">a proposed reform package in the judicial branch</a>, which drew widespread criticism. Critics highlighted the negative effects it would have on the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_system_of_government#Separation_of_Powers" title="Israeli system of government">separation of powers</a>,<a href="#cite_note-275">[274]</a><a href="#cite_note-276">[275]</a><a href="#cite_note-277">[276]</a> the office of the <a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_Israel" title="Attorney General of Israel">Attorney General</a>,<a href="#cite_note-278">[277]</a><a href="#cite_note-279">[278]</a><a href="#cite_note-280">[279]</a> the economy,<a href="#cite_note-281">[280]</a><a href="#cite_note-282">[281]</a><a href="#cite_note-283">[282]</a> public health,<a href="#cite_note-איזק-2023-284">[283]</a><a href="#cite_note-ברנע-2023-285">[284]</a> women and minorities,<a href="#cite_note-איזק-2023-284">[283]</a><a href="#cite_note-ברנע-2023-285">[284]</a><a href="#cite_note-286">[285]</a> workers' rights,<a href="#cite_note-287">[286]</a> scientific research,<a href="#cite_note-ברנע-2023-285">[284]</a><a href="#cite_note-288">[287]</a> the overall strength of Israel's democracy<a href="#cite_note-289">[288]</a><a href="#cite_note-290">[289]</a> and its foreign relations.<a href="#cite_note-291">[290]</a> After weeks of <a href="/wiki/2023_Israeli_judicial_reform_protests" title="2023 Israeli judicial reform protests">public protests on Israel's streets</a>, joined by a growing number of <a href="/wiki/Military_reserve_force" title="Military reserve force">military reservists</a>, Minister of Defense <a href="/wiki/Yoav_Gallant" title="Yoav Gallant">Yoav Gallant</a> spoke against the reform on 25 March, calling for a halt of the legislative process "for the sake of Israel's security".<a href="#cite_note-292">[291]</a> Netanyahu announced his intention to remove Gallant from his post the following day, sparking further mass protests across Israel and ultimately leading to Netanyahu agreeing to delay the legislation for a month.<a href="#cite_note-293">[292]</a><a href="#cite_note-294">[293]</a> In February 2023, the new government under Netanyahu approved the legalization of nine <a href="/wiki/Israeli_outpost" title="Israeli outpost">settler outposts</a> in the occupied <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a>.<a href="#cite_note-295">[294]</a> Finance Minister <a href="/wiki/Bezalel_Smotrich" title="Bezalel Smotrich">Bezalel Smotrich</a> took charge of most of the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Civil_Administration" title="Israeli Civil Administration">Civil Administration</a>, obtaining broad authority over civilian issues in the West Bank. Israeli peace groups condemned the move as de jure <a href="/wiki/Proposed_Israeli_annexation_of_the_West_Bank" title="Proposed Israeli annexation of the West Bank">annexation of the occupied territories</a>.<a href="#cite_note-296">[295]</a><a href="#cite_note-297">[296]</a> In March 2023, Netanyahu's government repealed a 2005 law whereby four <a href="/wiki/Israeli_settlement" title="Israeli settlement">Israeli settlements</a>, <a href="/wiki/Homesh" title="Homesh">Homesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sa-Nur" title="Sa-Nur">Sa-Nur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ganim" title="Ganim">Ganim</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kadim" title="Kadim">Kadim</a>, were dismantled as part of the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_disengagement_from_Gaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli disengagement from Gaza">Israeli disengagement from Gaza</a>.<a href="#cite_note-298">[297]</a> In June 2023, Netanyahu's coalition shortened the procedure of approving settlement construction and gave Finance Minister Smotrich the authority to approve one of the stages, changing the system operating for the last 27 years.<a href="#cite_note-299">[298]</a> In its first six months, construction of 13,000 housing units in settlements, almost triple the amount advanced in the whole of 2022.<a href="#cite_note-300">[299]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P20230920CS-0125_(53234992098).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/P20230920CS-0125_%2853234992098%29.jpg/220px-P20230920CS-0125_%2853234992098%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/P20230920CS-0125_%2853234992098%29.jpg/330px-P20230920CS-0125_%2853234992098%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/P20230920CS-0125_%2853234992098%29.jpg/440px-P20230920CS-0125_%2853234992098%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Netanyahu with U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> in New York City, 20 September 2023</figcaption></figure> Israel refused to <a href="/wiki/List_of_military_aid_to_Ukraine_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of military aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War">send lethal weapons</a> to <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>. In June 2023, Netanyahu said that Israel is concerned "with the possibility that systems that we would give to Ukraine would fall into Iranian hands and could be reverse engineered, and we would find ourselves facing Israeli systems used against Israel."<a href="#cite_note-301">[300]</a> On 7 October 2023, after Palestinian militants from Gaza launched <a href="/wiki/7_October_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="7 October attacks">a major surprise attack</a>, Netanyahu announced that Israel would enter in a state of war against <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-302">[301]</a> He threatened to "turn all the places where Hamas is organized and hiding into cities of ruins", called <a href="/wiki/Gaza_City" title="Gaza City">Gaza</a> "the city of evil", and urged its residents to "leave now".<a href="#cite_note-303">[302]</a> He later proposed that opposition parties Yesh Atid and National Unity enter <a href="/wiki/Israeli_war_cabinet" title="Israeli war cabinet">an emergency unity government</a> amid the conflict,<a href="#cite_note-304">[303]</a> after Leader of the Opposition Lapid urged Nethanyahu put "aside our differences and form an emergency, narrow, professional government."<a href="#cite_note-305">[304]</a> The outbreak of war led to increased opposition to Netanyahu and the government from Israeli citizens due to a perceived failure to anticipate the Hamas-led attack, with increased calls for Netanyahu's resignation.<a href="#cite_note-306">[305]</a> A poll in 2023 showed that 56% of Israelis believed that Netanyahu must resign after the war, with 86% of respondents holding the country's leadership responsible for the security failings that led to the attack.<a href="#cite_note-307">[306]</a><a href="#cite_note-308">[307]</a> On 28 October 2023, Netanyahu was accused of using "dangerous rhetoric" when comparing Hamas to <a href="/wiki/Amalek" title="Amalek">Amalek</a>, stating: "You must remember what Amalek has done to you, says our Holy Bible. And we do remember."<a href="#cite_note-309">[308]</a> On 29 October, Netanyahu blamed Israel's security chiefs for Hamas's attack in a post on X (formerly Twitter); this was later deleted following criticism.<a href="#cite_note-310">[309]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Benjamin_Netanyahu_addresses_the_118th_United_States_Congress_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Benjamin_Netanyahu_addresses_the_118th_United_States_Congress_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Benjamin_Netanyahu_addresses_the_118th_United_States_Congress_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Benjamin_Netanyahu_addresses_the_118th_United_States_Congress_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Benjamin_Netanyahu_addresses_the_118th_United_States_Congress_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Benjamin_Netanyahu_addresses_the_118th_United_States_Congress_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Benjamin_Netanyahu_addresses_the_118th_United_States_Congress_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1055" data-file-height="791" /></a><figcaption>Netanyahu addresses a joint session of Congress in Washington, D.C. with House Speaker <a href="/wiki/Mike_Johnson" title="Mike Johnson">Mike Johnson</a> and Senator <a href="/wiki/Ben_Cardin" title="Ben Cardin">Ben Cardin</a>, 24 July 2024.</figcaption></figure> On 11 November 2023, he rejected calls for a ceasefire in the war and warned that Israel will "stand firm against the world if necessary." He said the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">Israel Defense Forces</a> would remain in Gaza "as long as necessary" and Israel would prevent the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian National Authority">Palestinian Authority</a> from returning to Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-311">[310]</a> Netanyahu called allegations that Israel is breaking international law "hogwash" and described Palestinian <a href="/wiki/Casualties_of_the_2023_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Casualties of the 2023 Israel–Hamas war">civilian casualties</a> as "collateral damage."<a href="#cite_note-312">[311]</a> On 5 December 2023, he faced criticism during a meeting with released <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war_hostage_crisis" title="Israel–Hamas war hostage crisis">Israeli hostages</a>. One of the hostages accused him of putting politics "above the return of the kidnapped."<a href="#cite_note-313">[312]</a> In December 2023, Netanyahu said that Israel should support the "voluntary migration" of Palestinians from Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-314">[313]</a> On 20 May 2024, <a href="/wiki/Karim_Ahmad_Khan" title="Karim Ahmad Khan">Karim Khan</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Prosecutor_of_the_International_Criminal_Court" title="Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court">Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court</a>, announced his intention to apply for an <a href="/wiki/Arrest_warrant" title="Arrest warrant">arrest warrant</a> for Netanyahu on several counts of <a href="/wiki/War_crime" title="War crime">war crimes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crimes_against_humanity" title="Crimes against humanity">crimes against humanity</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ICCAW-31">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-ICCAW_CNN-33">[32]</a> On 24 July 2024, Netanyahu addressed another <a href="/wiki/Joint_session_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Joint session of the United States Congress">joint session of the United States Congress</a>, amidst widespread protest, to solicit support for the <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Israel–Hamas war">Israel-Hamas war</a>.<a href="#cite_note-315">[314]</a> He called protesters "<a href="/wiki/Useful_idiot" title="Useful idiot">useful idiots</a>" and pledged a "total victory" in Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-316">[315]</a> On 24 July, he met with 2024 Republican nominee for president <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> in Florida at his <a href="/wiki/Mar-a-Lago" title="Mar-a-Lago">Mar-a-Lago</a> residence where he criticized presumptive Democratic nominee for President <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> for vowing that she "will not be silent" about atrocities in Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-317">[316]</a> On 19 October 2024, a <a href="/wiki/Drone_warfare" title="Drone warfare">drone attack</a> believed to have originated from Lebanon <a href="/wiki/2024_drone_attack_on_Benjamin_Netanyahu%27s_residence" title="2024 drone attack on Benjamin Netanyahu's residence">was made on Netanyahu's residence</a> in <a href="/wiki/Caesarea_(modern_town)" title="Caesarea (modern town)">Caesarea</a>. Netanyahu was not in the residence at the time, while no casualties were reported.<a href="#cite_note-318">[317]</a> Netanyahu accused <a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a> of trying to assassinate him in the attack.<a href="#cite_note-319">[318]</a> On 21 November 2024, the <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court" title="International Criminal Court">International Criminal Court</a> issued arrest warrants for Netanyahu, his former defence minister <a href="/wiki/Yoav_Gallant" title="Yoav Gallant">Yoav Gallant</a> and Hamas military commander <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Deif" title="Mohammed Deif">Mohammed Deif</a> for <a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="War crimes in the Israel–Hamas war">alleged war crimes</a> committed during the <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Israel–Hamas war">Israel–Hamas war</a>.<a href="#cite_note-320">[319]</a> Netanyahu described the ruling as "absurd and false lies" and said the decision is "antisemitic".<a href="#cite_note-321">[320]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_positions">Political positions</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output 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0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border: 4px double #154E9D; border-spacing:0.2em 0;color: var(--color-base, #000);"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Conservatism_in_Israel" title="Category:Conservatism in Israel">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#154E9D; padding-top:0.25em; font-size:160%; font-weight:normal; color:white; line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Israel" title="Conservatism in Israel">Conservatism in Israel</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Israel.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/80px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/120px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/160px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="1071" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Ideologies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Judaism" title="Conservative Judaism">Conservative Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_conservatism" title="Jewish conservatism">Jewish conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_fundamentalism" title="Jewish fundamentalism">Jewish fundamentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahanism" title="Kahanism">Kahanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_conservatism" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious conservatism">Religious conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Zionism" title="Cultural Zionism">Cultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_conceptions_of_Jewish_identity_in_Zionism" title="Racial conceptions of Jewish identity in Zionism">Ethnic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nietzschean_Zionism" title="Nietzschean Zionism">Nietzschean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Zionism" title="Neo-Zionism">Neo-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Zionism" title="Religious Zionism">Religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revisionist_Zionism" title="Revisionist Zionism">Revisionist</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Principles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agrarianism" title="Agrarianism">Agrarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancestral_worship" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancestral worship">Ancestral worship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Arabism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Arabism">Anti-Arabism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Palestinianism" title="Anti-Palestinianism">Anti-Palestinianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Iranian_sentiment" title="Anti-Iranian sentiment">Anti-Iranian sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Islamism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Islamism">Anti-Islamism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islamophobia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authority" title="Authority">Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clericalism" title="Clericalism">Clericalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Familialism" title="Familialism">Familialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revival_of_the_Hebrew_language" title="Revival of the Hebrew language">Hebrew revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeland_for_the_Jewish_people" title="Homeland for the Jewish people">Homeland for the Jewish people</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Irredentism" title="Irredentism">Irredentism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Israel" title="Greater Israel">Greater Israel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_settlement" title="Israeli settlement">Israeli settlement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_culture" title="Jewish culture">Jewish culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_state" title="Jewish state">Jewish state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeo-Christianity">Judeo-Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Christian_ethics" title="Judeo-Christian ethics">Judeo-Christian ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halachic_state" title="Halachic state">Halachic state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_supremacism" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish supremacism">Jewish supremacism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jews_as_the_chosen_people" title="Jews as the chosen people">Chosen people</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_ethics" title="Jewish ethics">Jewish values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Return" title="Law of Return">Law of Return</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aliyah#Zionist_aliyah_(1882_on)" title="Aliyah">Aliyah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militarism" title="Militarism">Militarism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Begin_Doctrine" title="Begin Doctrine">Begin Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadna_(Israel)" title="Gadna (Israel)">Gadna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_nationalism" title="Cultural nationalism">Cultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_nationalism#Judaism" title="Religious nationalism">Religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism" title="Ultranationalism">Ultra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotism" title="Patriotism">Patriotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Property rights">Property rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">Sovereignty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">Theocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Temple" title="Third Temple">Third Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Oaths" title="Three Oaths">Three Oaths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tradition" title="Tradition">Tradition</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Intellectuals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Eldad" title="Israel Eldad">Eldad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzchak_Ginsburgh" title="Yitzchak Ginsburgh">Ginsburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahad_Ha%27am" title="Ahad Ha'am">Ha'am</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoram_Hazony" title="Yoram Hazony">Hazony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ze%27ev_Jabotinsky" title="Ze'ev Jabotinsky">Jabotinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meir_Kahane" title="Meir Kahane">Kahane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Klein" title="Aaron Klein">Klein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Isaac_Kook" title="Abraham Isaac Kook">Kook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuval_Levin" title="Yuval Levin">Levin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saul_Lieberman" title="Saul Lieberman">Lieberman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ruppin" title="Arthur Ruppin">Ruppin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Samson_(rabbi)" title="David Samson (rabbi)">Samson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natan_Sharansky" title="Natan Sharansky">Sharansky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Talmon" title="Jacob Talmon">Talmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovadia_Yosef" title="Ovadia Yosef">Yosef</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin">Begin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itamar_Ben-Gvir" title="Itamar Ben-Gvir">Ben-Gvir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naftali_Bennett" title="Naftali Bennett">Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Dayan" title="Moshe Dayan">Dayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuli_Edelstein" title="Yuli Edelstein">Edelstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effi_Eitam" title="Effi Eitam">Eitam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meir_Kahane" title="Meir Kahane">Kahane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avigdor_Lieberman" title="Avigdor Lieberman">Lieberman</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Netanyahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafi_Peretz" title="Rafi Peretz">Peretz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayelet_Shaked" title="Ayelet Shaked">Shaked</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Shamir" title="Yitzhak Shamir">Shamir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bezalel_Smotrich" title="Bezalel Smotrich">Smotrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovadia_Yosef" title="Ovadia Yosef">Yosef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rehavam_Ze%27evi" title="Rehavam Ze'evi">Ze'evi</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Literature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Iron_Wall_(essay)" title="Iron Wall (essay)">Iron Wall</a>" (1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Case_for_Israel" title="The Case for Israel">The Case for Israel</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defending_Identity" title="Defending Identity">Defending Identity</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Virtue_of_Nationalism" title="The Virtue of Nationalism">The Virtue of Nationalism</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism:_A_Rediscovery" title="Conservatism: A Rediscovery">Conservatism: A Rediscovery</a> (2022)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Parties</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist">Active <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agudat_Yisrael" title="Agudat Yisrael">Agudat Yisrael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Degel_HaTorah" title="Degel HaTorah">Degel HaTorah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Likud" title="Likud">Likud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Religious_Party%E2%80%93Religious_Zionism" title="National Religious Party–Religious Zionism">National Religious Party–Religious Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hope_(Israel)" title="New Hope (Israel)">New Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Right_(Israel)" title="New Right (Israel)">New Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_(political_party)" title="Noam (political party)">Noam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otzma_Yehudit" title="Otzma Yehudit">Otzma Yehudit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shas" title="Shas">Shas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yisrael_Beiteinu" title="Yisrael Beiteinu">Yisrael Beiteinu</a></li></ul> Defunct <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahi_(political_party)" title="Ahi (political party)">Ahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eretz_Yisrael_Shelanu" title="Eretz Yisrael Shelanu">Eretz Yisrael Shelanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatikva_(political_party)" title="Hatikva (political party)">Hatikva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatzohar" title="Hatzohar">Hatzohar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herut" title="Herut">Herut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Home" title="The Jewish Home">The Jewish Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kach_(political_party)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kach (political party)">Kach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moledet" title="Moledet">Moledet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Religious_Party" title="National Religious Party">National Religious Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Zionist_Party" title="Religious Zionist Party">Religious Zionist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehiya" title="Tehiya">Tehiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yisrael_BaAliyah" title="Yisrael BaAliyah">Yisrael BaAliyah</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Alliances</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_(Israel)" title="National Union (Israel)">National Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Unity_(Israel)" title="National Unity (Israel)">National Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Right-Wing_Parties" title="Union of Right-Wing Parties">Union of Right-Wing Parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Torah_Judaism" title="United Torah Judaism">United Torah Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamina" title="Yamina">Yamina</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Organisations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist">Active <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Betar" title="Betar">Betar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilltop_Youth" title="Hilltop Youth">Hilltop Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Im_Tirtzu" title="Im Tirtzu">Im Tirtzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Zionist_Strategies" title="Institute for Zionist Strategies">Institute for Zionist Strategies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Internet_Defense_Force" title="Jewish Internet Defense Force">Jewish Internet Defense Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohelet_Policy_Forum" title="Kohelet Policy Forum">Kohelet Policy Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lehava" title="Lehava">Lehava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machon_Meir" title="Machon Meir">Machon Meir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercaz_Olami" title="Mercaz Olami">Mercaz Olami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_Israel" title="My Israel">My Israel</a></li></ul> Defunct <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gush_Emunim" title="Gush Emunim">Gush Emunim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irgun" title="Irgun">Irgun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhigut_Yehudit" title="Manhigut Yehudit">Manhigut Yehudit</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Media</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arutz_Sheva" title="Arutz Sheva">Arutz Sheva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%27Sheva" title="B'Sheva">B'Sheva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_14_(Israel)" title="Channel 14 (Israel)">Channel 14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HaTzofe" title="HaTzofe">HaTzofe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I24NEWS_(Israeli_TV_channel)" title="I24NEWS (Israeli TV channel)">i24NEWS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Hayom" title="Israel Hayom">Israel Hayom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makor_Rishon" title="Makor Rishon">Makor Rishon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mida_(website)" title="Mida (website)">Mida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antimilitarism" title="Antimilitarism">Antimilitarism in Israel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exemption_from_military_service_in_Israel" title="Exemption from military service in Israel">Non-conscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torato_Umanuto" title="Torato Umanuto">Torato Umanuto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refusal_to_serve_in_the_Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Refusal to serve in the Israel Defense Forces">Refusal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics_in_Israel" title="Far-right politics in Israel">Far-right politics in Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haredi_Judaism" title="Haredi Judaism">Haredi Judaism</a></li> <li>Immigration to Israel <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_immigration_to_Israel" title="African immigration to Israel">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizenship_and_Entry_into_Israel_Law" title="Citizenship and Entry into Israel Law">Citizenship and Entry into Israel Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prevention_of_Infiltration_Law" title="Prevention of Infiltration Law">Prevention of Infiltration Law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_settler_violence" title="Israeli settler violence">Israeli settler violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Price_tag_attack_policy" title="Price tag attack policy">Price tag attack policy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_political_movements" title="Jewish political movements">Jewish political movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_camp" title="National camp">National camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-state_solution" title="One-state solution">One-state solution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Israel" title="Politics of Israel">Politics of Israel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Israel" title="Liberalism in Israel">Liberalism in Israel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refusenik" title="Refusenik">Refusenik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torat_Eretz_Yisrael" title="Torat Eretz Yisrael">Torat Eretz Yisrael</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-bottom:0.22em; border-top:1px solid #AAA; border-bottom:1px solid #AAA"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/15px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/22px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/30px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Conservatism" title="Portal:Conservatism">Conservatism portal</a></li> <li><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/16px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/24px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Israel" title="Portal:Israel">Israel portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Conservatism_in_Israel" title="Template:Conservatism in Israel"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Conservatism_in_Israel" title="Template talk:Conservatism in Israel"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism_in_Israel" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism in Israel"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Israeli–Palestinian_conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</h3></div> Netanyahu opposed the <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Accords" title="Oslo Accords">Oslo Accords</a> from their inception. In 1993, he dedicated a chapter, entitled "Trojan Horse", of his book A Place Among the Nations to argue against the Oslo peace process. He asserted that Amin al-Husseini had been one of the masterminds of the Holocaust, and that Yasser Arafat was heir to the former's "alleged exterminationist Nazism".<a href="#cite_note-322">[321]</a> During his term as prime minister in the late 1990s, Netanyahu consistently reneged on commitments made by previous Israeli governments as part of the Oslo peace process, leading American peace envoy <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Ross" title="Dennis Ross">Dennis Ross</a> to note that "neither President Clinton nor Secretary [of State Madeleine] Albright believed that Bibi had any real interest in pursuing peace."<a href="#cite_note-323">[322]</a> In a 2001 video, Netanyahu, reportedly unaware he was being recorded, said: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">They asked me before the election if I'd honor [the Oslo Accords] […] I said I would, but ... I'm going to interpret the accords in such a way that would allow me to put an end to this galloping forward to the '67 borders. How did we do it? Nobody said what defined military zones were. Defined military zones are security zones; as far as I'm concerned, the entire Jordan Valley is a defined military zone. Go argue.<a href="#cite_note-washingtonpost-324">[323]</a></blockquote> On 9 August 2009, speaking at the opening of his weekly cabinet meeting, Netanyahu promised not to repeat the "mistake" of the <a href="/wiki/Israel%27s_unilateral_disengagement_plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel's unilateral disengagement plan">Gaza unilateral pullout</a>, saying, "We will not repeat this mistake. We will not create new evacuees", and adding that "the unilateral evacuation brought neither peace nor security. On the contrary", and that "We want an agreement with two factors, the first of which is the recognition of Israel as the national state of the Jewish people and [the second is] a security settlement. In the case of Gaza, both of these factors were lacking". He also said, "Should we achieve a turn toward peace with the more moderate partners, we will insist on the recognition of the State of Israel and the demilitarization of the future Palestinian state".<a href="#cite_note-sofer-325">[324]</a><a href="#cite_note-326">[325]</a> In October 2014, Netanyahu said: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">We don't just hand over territory, close our eyes and hope for the best. We did that in Lebanon and we got thousands of rockets. We did that in Gaza, we got Hamas and 15,000 rockets. So we're not gonna just replicate that. We want to see genuine recognition of the Jewish state and rock solid security arrangements on the ground. That's the position I've held, and it's only become firmer.<a href="#cite_note-327">[326]</a></blockquote> Netanyahu had previously called U.S.-backed peace talks a waste of time,<a href="#cite_note-328">[327]</a> while at the same time refusing to commit to the same <a href="/wiki/Two-state_solution" title="Two-state solution">two-state solution</a> as had other Israeli leaders,<a href="#cite_note-329">[328]</a> until a speech in June 2009. He repeatedly made public statements which advocated an "economic peace" approach, meaning an approach based on economic cooperation and joint effort rather than continuous contention over political and diplomatic issues. This is in line with many significant ideas from the <a href="/wiki/Peace_Valley_plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Peace Valley plan">Peace Valley plan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-haaretz_11-21-08-330">[329]</a> He raised these ideas during discussions with former U.S. Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Condoleezza_Rice" title="Condoleezza Rice">Condoleezza Rice</a>.<a href="#cite_note-331">[330]</a> Netanyahu continued to advocate these ideas as the Israeli elections approached.<a href="#cite_note-332">[331]</a> Netanyahu has said: <blockquote> Right now, the peace talks are based on only one thing, only on peace talks. It makes no sense at this point to talk about the most contractible issue. It's Jerusalem or bust, or right of return or bust. That has led to failure and is likely to lead to failure again ... We must weave an economic peace alongside a political process. That means that we have to strengthen the moderate parts of the Palestinian economy by handing rapid growth in those areas, rapid economic growth that gives a stake for peace for the ordinary Palestinians."<a href="#cite_note-haaretz_11-21-08-330">[329]</a></blockquote> In January 2009, prior to the February 2009 Israeli elections Netanyahu informed Middle East envoy Tony Blair that he would continue the policy of the Israeli governments of Ariel Sharon and Ehud Olmert by expanding settlements in the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a>, in contravention of the Road Map, but not building new ones.<a href="#cite_note-333">[332]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:290px; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> Anyone who wants to thwart the establishment of a Palestinian state has to support bolstering Hamas and transferring money to Hamas. This is part of our strategy – to isolate the Palestinians in Gaza from the Palestinians in the West Bank. </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style="">Benjamin Netanyahu, 2019<a href="#cite_note-Vox15Oct-334">[333]</a><a href="#cite_note-335">[334]</a></cite> </div> In 2013, Netanyahu denied reports that his government would agree to peace talks on the basis of the green line.<a href="#cite_note-336">[335]</a> In 2014 he agreed to the American framework based on the green line and said that Jewish settlers must be allowed the option of staying in their settlements under Palestinian rule.<a href="#cite_note-337">[336]</a><a href="#cite_note-338">[337]</a> In 2014, Palestinian negotiator <a href="/wiki/Saeb_Erekat" title="Saeb Erekat">Saeb Erekat</a> criticized Netanyahu, calling him "ideologically corrupt" and a war criminal.<a href="#cite_note-Saeb-339">[338]</a> For years, Netanyahu backed Qatari transfers of hundreds of millions of dollars to Gaza, in the hope that it would pacify Gaza, turn Hamas into an effective counterweight to the Palestinian Authority and prevent the establishment of a Palestinian state.<a href="#cite_note-340">[339]</a><a href="#cite_note-341">[340]</a> In 2019, Netanyahu said at a private Likud party meeting, "Anyone who wants to thwart the establishment of a Palestinian state has to support bolstering Hamas and transferring money to Hamas. This is part of our strategy – to isolate the Palestinians in Gaza from the Palestinians in the West Bank."<a href="#cite_note-Vox15Oct-334">[333]</a><a href="#cite_note-GuardianDoctrine-342">[341]</a><a href="#cite_note-343">[342]</a> Often, cash was delivered in suitcases by a Qatari official who was escorted by Israeli intelligence officers.<a href="#cite_note-:0-344">[343]</a> According to the New York Times, Netanyahu continued backing the payments in response to Qatari questions as late as September 2023.<a href="#cite_note-:0-344">[343]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trump_Peace_Plan_Map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Trump_Peace_Plan_Map.jpg/200px-Trump_Peace_Plan_Map.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Trump_Peace_Plan_Map.jpg/300px-Trump_Peace_Plan_Map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Trump_Peace_Plan_Map.jpg/400px-Trump_Peace_Plan_Map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1242" data-file-height="1619" /></a><figcaption>Netanyahu publicly supported the <a href="/wiki/Trump_peace_plan" title="Trump peace plan">Trump peace plan</a> for the creation of a Palestinian state.</figcaption></figure> In January 2020, Netanyahu publicly supported <a href="/wiki/Trump_peace_plan" title="Trump peace plan">Trump's Israeli-Palestinian peace plan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-345">[344]</a> After the peace proposal failed, Trump said Netanyahu "never wanted peace" with the Palestinians.<a href="#cite_note-346">[345]</a><a href="#cite_note-347">[346]</a><a href="#cite_note-348">[347]</a><a href="#cite_note-349">[348]</a> Former United States Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Rex_Tillerson" title="Rex Tillerson">Rex Tillerson</a> stated that on 22 May 2017, Netanyahu showed Donald Trump a fake and altered video of Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas calling for the killing of children. This was at a time when Trump was considering if Israel was the obstacle to peace. Netanyahu had showed Trump the fake video to change his position in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.<a href="#cite_note-350">[349]</a> The U.S.-brokered <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Accords" title="Abraham Accords">Abraham Accords</a> agreed to the full normalization of relations between Israel and the United Arab Emirates (the <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93United_Arab_Emirates_normalization_agreement" title="Israel–United Arab Emirates normalization agreement">Israel–United Arab Emirates normalization agreement</a>) and Bahrain, respectively (the <a href="/wiki/Bahrain%E2%80%93Israel_normalization_agreement" title="Bahrain–Israel normalization agreement">Bahrain–Israel normalization agreement</a>).<a href="#cite_note-351">[350]</a> This was the first time any <a href="/wiki/Arab_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab country">Arab country</a> had normalized relations with Israel since <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> in <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Jordan_peace_treaty" title="Israel–Jordan peace treaty">1994</a>. The accords were signed by Bahrain's foreign minister, UAE's foreign minister and Netanyahu on 15 September 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/South_Lawn" title="South Lawn">South Lawn</a> of the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> in Washington, D.C.<a href="#cite_note-352">[351]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Trump_and_The_First_Lady_Participate_in_an_Abraham_Accords_Signing_Ceremony_(50345629858).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/President_Trump_and_The_First_Lady_Participate_in_an_Abraham_Accords_Signing_Ceremony_%2850345629858%29.jpg/220px-President_Trump_and_The_First_Lady_Participate_in_an_Abraham_Accords_Signing_Ceremony_%2850345629858%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/President_Trump_and_The_First_Lady_Participate_in_an_Abraham_Accords_Signing_Ceremony_%2850345629858%29.jpg/330px-President_Trump_and_The_First_Lady_Participate_in_an_Abraham_Accords_Signing_Ceremony_%2850345629858%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/President_Trump_and_The_First_Lady_Participate_in_an_Abraham_Accords_Signing_Ceremony_%2850345629858%29.jpg/440px-President_Trump_and_The_First_Lady_Participate_in_an_Abraham_Accords_Signing_Ceremony_%2850345629858%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>White House <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Accords" title="Abraham Accords">Abraham Accords</a> signing ceremony on 15 September 2020</figcaption></figure> On 23 October 2020, U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> announced that <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> will start to <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Sudan_normalization_agreement" title="Israel–Sudan normalization agreement">normalize ties with Israel</a>, making it the third Arab state to do so as part of the Trump administration-brokered <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Accords" title="Abraham Accords">Abraham Accords</a>.<a href="#cite_note-353">[352]</a><a href="#cite_note-354">[353]</a> Sudan fought in wars against Israel in 1948 and 1967.<a href="#cite_note-355">[354]</a> Netanyahu thanked "President Trump and his team above all", saying that "together with him we are changing history ... despite all the experts and commentators who said it was impossible. Israel was completely isolated and they told us we were heading into a political tsunami. What's happening is the absolute opposite."<a href="#cite_note-356">[355]</a> This was followed by <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Morocco_normalization_agreement" title="Israel–Morocco normalization agreement">Morocco establishing relations with Israel in December</a>.<a href="#cite_note-357">[356]</a> In July 2024, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> officially designated him a "terrorist", calling him responsible for the atrocities in Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-358">[357]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bar-Ilan_speech">Bar-Ilan speech</h4></div> In June 2009, Netanyahu delivered an address<a href="#cite_note-359">[358]</a> at <a href="/wiki/Bar-Ilan_University" title="Bar-Ilan University">Bar-Ilan University</a>, known as the "Bar-Ilan speech", at <a href="/wiki/Begin-Sadat_Center_for_Strategic_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies">Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies</a>, that was broadcast live in Israel and across parts of the <a href="/wiki/Arab_world" title="Arab world">Arab world</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_peace_process" title="Israeli–Palestinian peace process">Israeli–Palestinian peace process</a>. He endorsed for the first time the notion of a <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian state">Palestinian state</a> alongside Israel.<a href="#cite_note-lays-360">[359]</a> Netanyahu's speech could be viewed in part as a response to Obama's <a href="/wiki/A_New_Beginning_(speech)" title="A New Beginning (speech)">4 June speech at Cairo</a>. Yedioth Ahronoth claimed Obama's words had "resonated through Jerusalem's corridors".<a href="#cite_note-361">[360]</a> As part of his proposal, Netanyahu demanded full demilitarization of the proposed state, with no army, rockets, missiles, or control of its airspace, and said Jerusalem would be <a href="/wiki/Positions_on_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Positions on Jerusalem">undivided Israeli territory</a>. He stated that the Palestinians should recognize Israel as the Jewish national state with an undivided Jerusalem. He rejected a <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_right_of_return" title="Palestinian right of return">right of return</a> for Palestinian refugees, saying, "any demand for resettling Palestinian refugees within Israel undermines Israel's continued existence as the state of the Jewish people." He stated that a complete stop to <a href="/wiki/Israeli_settlement" title="Israeli settlement">settlement building</a> in the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a>, as required by the 2003 <a href="/wiki/Road_map_for_peace" title="Road map for peace">road map for peace</a>, was impossible and the expansions would be limited based on the "natural growth" of the population, including immigration, with no new territories taken. Nevertheless, Netanyahu affirmed that he accepted the road map.<a href="#cite_note-362">[361]</a> He did not discuss whether or not the settlements should be part of Israel after peace negotiations, simply stating that the "question will be discussed".<a href="#cite_note-lays-360">[359]</a> In a response to Obama's statements in his Cairo speech, Netanyahu remarked, "there are those who say that if the Holocaust had not occurred, the State of Israel would never have been established. But I say that if the State of Israel would have been established earlier, the Holocaust would not have occurred." He said, "this is the homeland of the Jewish people, this is where our identity was forged." He stated that he would be willing to meet with any "Arab leader" for negotiations without preconditions, specifically mentioning <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, Saudi Arabia, and <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-lays-360">[359]</a> The address represented a new position for Netanyahu's government on the peace process.<a href="#cite_note-huff-363">[362]</a> Right-wing members of Netanyahu's governing coalition criticized his remarks for the creation of a Palestinian State, believing all of the land should come under Israeli sovereignty. <a href="/wiki/Likud" title="Likud">Likud</a> <a href="/wiki/Knesset" title="Knesset">MK</a> <a href="/wiki/Danny_Danon" title="Danny Danon">Danny Danon</a> said Netanyahu went "against the Likud platform",<a href="#cite_note-364">[363]</a> while <a href="/wiki/Knesset" title="Knesset">MK</a> <a href="/wiki/Uri_Orbach" title="Uri Orbach">Uri Orbach</a> of <a href="/wiki/Habayit_Hayehudi" class="mw-redirect" title="Habayit Hayehudi">Habayit Hayehudi</a> said it had "dangerous implications".<a href="#cite_note-365">[364]</a> Opposition party <a href="/wiki/Kadima" title="Kadima">Kadima</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Tzipi_Livni" title="Tzipi Livni">Tzipi Livni</a> remarked that she thinks Netanyahu does not really believe in the <a href="/wiki/Two-state_solution" title="Two-state solution">two-state solution</a> at all; she thought he only said what he did as a feigned response to international pressure.<a href="#cite_note-Livni-366">[365]</a> <a href="/wiki/Peace_Now" title="Peace Now">Peace Now</a> criticized the speech, stating it did not address the Palestinians as equal partners in the peace process. The Secretary General of Peace Now, said, "It's a rerun of Netanyahu from his first term".<a href="#cite_note-367">[366]</a> On 9 August 2009, speaking at the opening of a government meeting, Netanyahu repeated his claims from the Palestinians: "We want an agreement with two factors, the first of which is the recognition of Israel as the national state of the Jewish people and (the second of which is) a security settlement".<a href="#cite_note-sofer-325">[324]</a> Netanyahu's speech provoked mixed reaction from the international community.<a href="#cite_note-rfi-368">[367]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian National Authority">Palestinian National Authority</a> rejected the conditions on a Palestinian State. <a href="/wiki/Saeb_Erekat" title="Saeb Erekat">Saeb Erekat</a> said, "Netanyahu's speech closed the door to permanent status negotiations". <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a> spokesman Fawzi Barhoum said it reflected a "racist and extremist ideology"<a href="#cite_note-369">[368]</a> and called on Arab nations to "form stronger opposition".<a href="#cite_note-huff-363">[362]</a> <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Islamic_Jihad" title="Palestinian Islamic Jihad">Palestinian Islamic Jihad</a> labeled it "misleading" and demanded stronger opposition to Israel from Arab nations.<a href="#cite_note-xin-370">[369]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a>, some leaders advocated a third intifada in response to the speech.<a href="#cite_note-lays-360">[359]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a> dismissed it, declaring that "Arabs would not make concessions regarding issues of Jerusalem and refugees" and that "we know his history and style of evasion", adding that the Arab League would not recognize Israel as a Jewish state.<a href="#cite_note-xin-370">[369]</a> Referring to Netanyahu's demand that Palestinians recognize Israel as the state of the Jewish people, Egypt's president <a href="/wiki/Hosni_Mubarak" title="Hosni Mubarak">Hosni Mubarak</a> remarked, "You won't find anyone to answer that call in Egypt, or in any other place." Issuing a less blunt response, the Egyptian Foreign Ministry said the speech was "not complete" and it hoped for another, "different Israeli proposal...built on the commitment to the two-state solution".<a href="#cite_note-371">[370]</a><a href="#cite_note-372">[371]</a> <a href="/wiki/Media_of_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Syria">Syrian state media</a> condemned the speech and wrote "Netanyahu has confirmed that he rejects the Arab peace initiative for peace along with all the initiatives and resolutions of the Security Council to relative peace."<a href="#cite_note-rfi-368">[367]</a><a href="#cite_note-373">[372]</a> Lebanese President <a href="/wiki/Michel_Suleiman" title="Michel Suleiman">Michel Suleiman</a> said "Arab leaders should be more united and preserve the spirit of resistance to face the Israeli stands regarding the peace process and the Palestinian refugee issue." He called on the international community to exert more pressure on Israel to accept the Arab Peace Initiative, as he said "Israel still has a will of military confrontation which can be proved in its offensives on Lebanon and the Gaza Strip."<a href="#cite_note-xin-370">[369]</a> Jordanian officials said "The ideas presented by Netanyahu do not live up to what was agreed on by the international community as a starting point for achieving a just and comprehensive peace in the region."<a href="#cite_note-xin-370">[369]</a> Former Iranian president <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Ahmadinejad" title="Mahmoud Ahmadinejad">Mahmoud Ahmadinejad</a> referred to the speech as "bad news".<a href="#cite_note-rfi-368">[367]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a> praised Netanyahu's address. "...this is a step in the right direction. The acceptance of a Palestinian state was present there", said Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Jan_Kohout" title="Jan Kohout">Jan Kohout</a>, whose country held the EU's presidency at the time.<a href="#cite_note-eu1-374">[373]</a> President Obama's <a href="/wiki/Press_secretary" title="Press secretary">press secretary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Gibbs" title="Robert Gibbs">Robert Gibbs</a>, said the speech was an "important step forward".<a href="#cite_note-xin-370">[369]</a><a href="#cite_note-375">[374]</a> Obama stated that "this solution can and must ensure both Israel's security and the Palestinians' legitimate aspirations for a viable state".<a href="#cite_note-rfi-368">[367]</a> Swedish Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Carl_Bildt" title="Carl Bildt">Carl Bildt</a> stated that "the fact that he uttered the word state is a small step forward". He added that "whether what he mentioned can be defined as a state is a subject of some debate".<a href="#cite_note-rfi-368">[367]</a><a href="#cite_note-eu1-374">[373]</a> France praised the speech but called on Israel to cease building settlements in the West Bank. French Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Kouchner" title="Bernard Kouchner">Bernard Kouchner</a> stated, "I can only welcome the prospect of a Palestinian state outlined by the Israeli prime minister."<a href="#cite_note-rfi-368">[367]</a><a href="#cite_note-eu1-374">[373]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Russia)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Russia)">Foreign Ministry of Russia</a> called the speech "a sign of readiness for dialogue" but said "it does not open up the road to resolving the Israeli–Palestinian problem. The conditions on the Palestinians would be unacceptable."<a href="#cite_note-rfi-368">[367]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economic_views">Economic views</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:290px; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> You want to have a <a href="/wiki/Meritocracy" title="Meritocracy">meritocracy</a>. You want to have initiative, risk, talent, the ability to create new products, new services to be rewarded ... It's always been about competition. That's what human progress is about. You want to siphon it into productive ways. </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style="">Benjamin Netanyahu, The Marker, 2014<a href="#cite_note-haaretz.com-376">[375]</a></cite> </div> By 1998, Netanyahu had acquired a reputation as "the advocate of the free-market" and in 1999 told the Jerusalem Post: "Peace is an end of itself [...] peace, without free markets, will not produce growth. But free markets without peace do produce growth."<a href="#cite_note-377">[376]</a> As prime minister in his first term, he significantly reformed the banking sector, removing barriers to investment abroad, mandatory purchases of government securities and direct credit. As Minister of Finance (2003–2005), Netanyahu introduced a major overhaul of the Israeli economy. He introduced a welfare to work program, he led a program of privatization, reduced the size of the public sector, reformed and streamlined the taxation system and passed laws against monopolies and cartels with the aim of increasing competition.<a href="#cite_note-Likud_Leaders_2015-117">[116]</a> Netanyahu extended capital gains taxes from companies to individuals, which allowed him to enlarge the tax base while reducing taxes on incomes.<a href="#cite_note-378">[377]</a> As the Israeli economy started booming and unemployment fell significantly, Netanyahu was widely credited by commentators as having performed an 'economic miracle' by the end of his tenure.<a href="#cite_note-Likud_Leaders_2015-117">[116]</a> Direct investment in the Israeli economy had increased by an annualized 380%.<a href="#cite_note-379">[378]</a> On the other hand, his critics have labelled his economic views as <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a>-inspired "popular capitalism".<a href="#cite_note-380">[379]</a> Netanyahu defines capitalism as "the ability to have individual initiative and competition to produce goods and services with profit, but not to shut out somebody else from trying to do the same".<a href="#cite_note-haaretz.com-376">[375]</a> He says that his views developed while he was working as an economic consult for <a href="/wiki/Boston_Consulting_Group" title="Boston Consulting Group">Boston Consulting Group</a>: "It was the first time that the Boston Consulting Group looked at governments and worked for governments. They wanted to do a strategic plan for the government of Sweden. I was on that case and looked at other governments. So I went around to other governments in Europe in 1976 and I was looking at Britain. I was looking at France. I was looking at other countries, and I could see that they were stymied by concentrations of power that prevented competition. And I thought, hmm, as bad as they are, ours was worse because we had very little room for private sector competition to the extent that we had government-controlled or union-controlled companies, and so you really didn't get the competition or the growth ... And I said, well, if I ever have a chance, I'll change that."<a href="#cite_note-haaretz.com-376">[375]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Views_on_counter-terrorism">Views on counter-terrorism</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:290px; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> The essence of democratic societies, and that which distinguishes them from dictatorships, is the commitment to resolve conflict in a nonviolent fashion by settling issues through argument and debate ... The salient point that has to be underlined again and again is that nothing justifies terrorism, that it is evil per se – that the various real or imagined reasons proffered by the terrorists to justify their actions are meaningless. </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style="">Benjamin Netanyahu, 1995<a href="#cite_note-Farrar,_Straus_and_Giroux-381">[380]</a></cite> </div> Netanyahu has said his own "hard line against all terrorists" came as a result of his brother's death. <a href="/wiki/Yoni_Netanyahu" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoni Netanyahu">Yoni Netanyahu</a> had been killed while leading the hostage-rescue mission at <a href="/wiki/Operation_Entebbe" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Entebbe">Operation Entebbe</a>.<a href="#cite_note-382">[381]</a> In addition to having taken part in counter-terrorist operations during his service in the military, Netanyahu has published three books on the subject of fighting terrorism. He identifies terrorism as a form of <a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">totalitarianism</a>, writing: <blockquote>The more far removed the target of the attack from any connection to the grievance enunciated by the terrorists, the greater the terror ... Yet for terrorism to have any impact, it is precisely the lack of connection, the lack of any possible involvement or "complicity" of the chosen victims in the cause the terrorists seek to attack, that produces the desired fear. For terrorism's underlying message is that every member of society is "guilty", that anyone can be a victim, and that therefore no one is safe... In fact, the methods reveal the totalitarian strain that runs through all terrorist groups... It is not only that the ends of the terrorists do not succeed in justifying the means they choose; their choice of means indicate what their true ends are. Far from being fighters for freedom, terrorists are the forerunners of tyranny. Terrorists use the techniques of violent coercion in order to achieve a regime of violent coercion.<a href="#cite_note-383">[382]</a></blockquote>Netanyahu cautions that:<blockquote>The trouble with active anti-terror activities... is that they do constitute a substantial intrusion on the lives of those being monitored.</blockquote>He believes there is a balance between civil liberties and security, which should depend on the level of sustained terrorist attacks in a country. During periods of sustained attack, there should be shift towards security, due to "the monstrous violation of personal rights which is the lot of the victims of terror and their families".<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-384">[383]</a> But this should be regularly reviewed, with an emphasis on guarding civil liberties and individual privacy wherever and whenever security considerations allow:<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-384">[383]</a> "The concern of civil libertarians over possible infringements of the rights of innocent citizens is well placed, and all additional powers granted the security services should require annual renewal by the legislature, this in addition to judicial oversight of actions as they are taken in the field."<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-385">[384]</a> He advises tighter immigration laws as an essential tool to preemptively combat terrorism: "This era of immigration free-for-all should be brought to an end. An important aspect of taking control of the immigration situation is stricter background checks of potential immigrants, coupled with the real possibility of deportation."<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-385">[384]</a> He also cautions that it is essential that governments do not conflate terrorists with those legitimate political groups that may or may not hold extremist views, but which advance their positions by means of debate and argument: "Democracies have their share of anti-immigrant or anti-establishment parties, as well as advocates of extreme nationalism or internationalism ... [T]hey are often genuinely convinced participants in democracy, accepting its basic ground rules and defending its central tenets. These can and must be distinguished from the tiny splinters at the absolute fringes of democratic society, which may endorse many similar ideas, but use them as a pretext to step outside the rubric of the democratic system".<a href="#cite_note-Farrar,_Straus_and_Giroux-381">[380]</a> In particular, <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> was an admirer of Netanyahu's work on counter-terrorism, and Reagan recommended Netanyahu's book Terrorism: How the West Can Win to all senior figures in his administration.<a href="#cite_note-star-386">[385]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death_penalty">Death penalty</h3></div> In 2017, Netanyahu called for the <a href="/wiki/Death_penalty" class="mw-redirect" title="Death penalty">death penalty</a> to be imposed on the perpetrator of the <a href="/wiki/2017_Halamish_stabbing_attack" title="2017 Halamish stabbing attack">2017 Halamish stabbing attack</a>.<a href="#cite_note-DeathPenaltyHalamish-387">[386]</a> Representatives in his government introduced a bill which would allow the death penalty for <a href="/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism">terrorism</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Knesset" title="Knesset">Knesset</a>.<a href="#cite_note-388">[387]</a><a href="#cite_note-389">[388]</a> In a preliminary vote in January 2018, 52 of 120 members of the Israeli parliament voted in favor while 49 opposed, to make it easier for judges to hand down the death penalty. The amendment to the penal code would still require three more readings if it is to become law.<a href="#cite_note-390">[389]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="LGBT_rights">LGBT rights</h3></div> Netanyahu supports equal rights for <a href="/wiki/LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">LGBT</a> (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender) persons. He said: "The struggle for every person to be recognized as equal before the law is a long struggle, and there is still a long way to go ... I am proud that Israel is among the most open countries in the world in relation to the LGBT community discourse."<a href="#cite_note-391">[390]</a><a href="#cite_note-392">[391]</a> During an event held for the annual community rights day at the Knesset, Netanyahu said that he was "asked to come here in the middle of my busy schedule to say one thing to the male and female members of the LGBT community: We must be guided by the conviction that every person is created in the image of God."<a href="#cite_note-393">[392]</a> However, some of his coalition government's party members opposed <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Same-sex marriage in Israel">same-sex marriage</a>.<a href="#cite_note-394">[393]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethiopian_Jewish_integration">Ethiopian Jewish integration</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_(GPO)_-_A_memorial_service_of_Ethiopian_immigrants.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_A_memorial_service_of_Ethiopian_immigrants.jpg/170px-Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_A_memorial_service_of_Ethiopian_immigrants.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_A_memorial_service_of_Ethiopian_immigrants.jpg/255px-Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_A_memorial_service_of_Ethiopian_immigrants.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_A_memorial_service_of_Ethiopian_immigrants.jpg/340px-Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_A_memorial_service_of_Ethiopian_immigrants.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>Netanyahu at a memorial service of Ethiopian Israeli immigrants, in honor of their friends who died on their way to Israel</figcaption></figure> In 2015, after Ethiopian Jewish protests against police brutality, Netanyahu said: "We will bring a comprehensive plan to the government to assist you in every way. There is no room for racism and discrimination in our society, none ... We will turn racism into something contemptible and despicable."<a href="#cite_note-395">[394]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="African_Hebrew_Israelites_of_Jerusalem">African Hebrew Israelites of Jerusalem</h3></div> Netanyahu supports the integration of the <a href="/wiki/African_Hebrew_Israelites_of_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="African Hebrew Israelites of Jerusalem">African Hebrew Israelites of Jerusalem</a> into Israeli society, and takes part in celebrations in honor of this community's "exodus" from America to Israel, which occurred in 1967. In 2012, Netanyahu expressed appreciation towards "the cooperative society that is working towards the inclusion of the Hebrew Israelite community in Israeli society at large," and declared that the experience of the community in the land of Israel is "an integral part of the Israeli experience."<a href="#cite_note-396">[395]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iran">Iran</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Iran–Israel relations">Iran–Israel relations</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_program_of_Iran" title="Nuclear program of Iran">Nuclear program of Iran</a></div> In an 8 March 2007 interview with <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>, opposition leader Netanyahu claimed that "there is only one difference between Nazi Germany and the Islamic Republic of Iran, namely that the first entered a worldwide conflict and then sought atomic weapons, while the latter is first seeking atomic weapons and, once it has them, will then start a world war." Netanyahu repeated these remarks at a news conference in April 2008.<a href="#cite_note-Haaretz16042008-397">[396]</a> This was similar to earlier remarks that "it's 1938, and Iran is Germany, and Iran is racing to arm itself with <a href="/wiki/Atomic_bombs" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomic bombs">atomic bombs</a>".<a href="#cite_note-398">[397]</a> On 20 February 2009, after being asked to be the prime minister of Israel, Netanyahu described Iran as the greatest threat that Israel has ever faced: "Iran is seeking to obtain a nuclear weapon and constitutes the gravest threat to our existence since the war of independence."<a href="#cite_note-399">[398]</a> Speaking before the UN General Assembly in New York on 24 September 2009, Netanyahu expressed a different opinion than Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's speech at the forum, saying those who believe Tehran is a threat only to Israel are wrong. "The Iranian regime", he said, "is motivated by fanaticism ... They want to see us go back to medieval times. The struggle against Iran pits civilization against barbarism. This Iranian regime is fueled by extreme fundamentalism."<a href="#cite_note-un-1-154">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-un-2-155">[154]</a> "By focusing solely on Iran", columnist <a href="/wiki/Yossi_Melman" title="Yossi Melman">Yossi Melman</a> speculated that Netanyahu's foreign policy, "... took the Palestinian issue off the world agenda." After four days of shelling from the Iranian-funded <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Islamic_Jihad" title="Palestinian Islamic Jihad">Palestinian Islamic Jihad</a>, Melman asked, "Is it worth initiating a crisis with Iran? Will the Israeli public be able to cope with Iran's response?"<a href="#cite_note-Tab_15Mar2012-400">[399]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Uzi_Eilam" title="Uzi Eilam">Uzi Eilam</a>, a retired <a href="/wiki/Brigadier_general" title="Brigadier general">brigadier general</a> and the ex-director of Israel's Atomic Energy Commission, Netanyahu is using the threat of atomic Iran as a means of reaching his own goals. Directly blaming Netanyahu, he said: "Netanyahu is using the Iranian threat to achieve a variety of political objectives." He also said: "These declarations are unnecessarily scaring Israel's citizens, given Israel is not party to the negotiations to determine whether Iran will or will not dismantle its nuclear program."<a href="#cite_note-Ynet-401">[400]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Prime_Minister_and_Defense_Minister_at_Weaponry_Display.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Prime_Minister_and_Defense_Minister_at_Weaponry_Display.jpg/220px-Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Prime_Minister_and_Defense_Minister_at_Weaponry_Display.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Prime_Minister_and_Defense_Minister_at_Weaponry_Display.jpg/330px-Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Prime_Minister_and_Defense_Minister_at_Weaponry_Display.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Prime_Minister_and_Defense_Minister_at_Weaponry_Display.jpg/440px-Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Prime_Minister_and_Defense_Minister_at_Weaponry_Display.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="532" /></a><figcaption>Standing with <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defense_(Israel)" title="Ministry of Defense (Israel)">Israeli Minister of Defense</a> <a href="/wiki/Ehud_Barak" title="Ehud Barak">Ehud Barak</a>, Netanyahu holds an Iranian instruction manual for the <a href="/wiki/C-704" title="C-704">anti-ship missile</a> captured in <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Affair" title="Victoria Affair">Victoria Affair</a>, March 2011.</figcaption></figure> By 2012, Netanyahu is reported to have formed a close, confidential relationship with Defense Minister <a href="/wiki/Ehud_Barak" title="Ehud Barak">Ehud Barak</a> as the two men considered possible Israeli military action against Iran's nuclear facilities,<a href="#cite_note-402">[401]</a><a href="#cite_note-403">[402]</a> following Israel's established <a href="/wiki/Begin_Doctrine" title="Begin Doctrine">Begin Doctrine</a>. The pair were accused of acting on "messianic" impulses by Yuval Diskin, former head of the <a href="/wiki/Shin_Bet" title="Shin Bet">Shin Bet</a>, who added that their warmongering rhetoric appealed to "the idiots within the Israeli public".<a href="#cite_note-404">[403]</a> Diskin's remarks were supported by former Mossad chief Meir Dagan,<a href="#cite_note-405">[404]</a> who himself had previously said that an attack on Iran was "the stupidest thing I have ever heard".<a href="#cite_note-406">[405]</a> A few weeks later, the <a href="/wiki/RAND_Corporation" title="RAND Corporation">RAND Corporation</a> (a leading American think-tank that advises the <a href="/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">Pentagon</a>) also openly disagreed with Netanyahu's belligerent stance: "In doing so, and without naming names, RAND sided with former Mossad chief Meir Dagan and former head of the Shin Bet Yuval Diskin."<a href="#cite_note-407">[406]</a> Early in 2012, he used the opening ceremony for Israel's Holocaust Remembrance Day to warn against the dangers of an Iranian nuclear bomb, saying he was following the example of Jewish leaders during World War II who struggled to raise the alarm about the Nazis' genocidal intentions.<a href="#cite_note-SaSe_18Apr2012-408">[407]</a> Israeli academic <a href="/wiki/Avner_Cohen" title="Avner Cohen">Avner Cohen</a> accused Netanyahu of showing "contempt" for the Holocaust by putting it to "political use",<a href="#cite_note-AC_19Mar2012-409">[408]</a> and former Israeli foreign minister <a href="/wiki/Shlomo_Ben-Ami" title="Shlomo Ben-Ami">Shlomo Ben-Ami</a> similarly condemned Netanyahu's "vulgar manipulation of the memory of the Holocaust".<a href="#cite_note-410">[409]</a> Immediately after the <a href="/wiki/2012_Burgas_bus_bombing" title="2012 Burgas bus bombing">2012 Burgas bus bombing</a>, Netanyahu confirmed that the attack had been undertaken in coordination with Iran.<a href="#cite_note-411">[410]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Demonstrations_and_protests_against_United_States_recognition_of_Jerusalem_in_Tehran_032.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Demonstrations_and_protests_against_United_States_recognition_of_Jerusalem_in_Tehran_032.jpg/220px-Demonstrations_and_protests_against_United_States_recognition_of_Jerusalem_in_Tehran_032.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Demonstrations_and_protests_against_United_States_recognition_of_Jerusalem_in_Tehran_032.jpg/330px-Demonstrations_and_protests_against_United_States_recognition_of_Jerusalem_in_Tehran_032.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Demonstrations_and_protests_against_United_States_recognition_of_Jerusalem_in_Tehran_032.jpg/440px-Demonstrations_and_protests_against_United_States_recognition_of_Jerusalem_in_Tehran_032.jpg 2x" data-file-width="745" data-file-height="537" /></a><figcaption>Protest against <a href="/wiki/United_States_recognition_of_Jerusalem_as_capital_of_Israel" title="United States recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel">U.S. recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel</a>, Tehran, 11 December 2017</figcaption></figure> Netanyahu stated during a 29 July meeting that, in his opinion, "all the sanctions and diplomacy so far have not set back the Iranian programme by one iota".<a href="#cite_note-412">[411]</a> And in August he stated that the United States only might respond to a massive attack against Israel.<a href="#cite_note-413">[412]</a> On 28 September 2012, Netanyahu gave a speech to the UN General Assembly in which he set forward a "red line" of 90% uranium enrichment, stating that if Iran were to reach this level, it would become an intolerable risk for Israel.<a href="#cite_note-414">[413]</a> Netanyahu used a cartoon graphic of a bomb to illustrate his point, indicating three stages of uranium enrichment, noting that Iran had already completed the first stage, and stating that "By next spring, at most by next summer at current enrichment rates, [Iran] will have finished the medium enrichment and move on to the final stage. From there, it's only a few months, possibly a few weeks before they get enough enriched uranium for the first bomb."<a href="#cite_note-415">[414]</a> At the time, according to cables leaked in 2015, Mossad's assessment was that Iran did not appear ready to enrich uranium to levels required for a nuclear bomb.<a href="#cite_note-416">[415]</a> In an October 2013 interview with BBC Persian Service, Netanyahu praised the history of Persia and said: "If the Iranian regime has nuclear weapons, the Iranian people will never be free of dictatorship and will live in eternal servitude."<a href="#cite_note-417">[416]</a> The U.S. military's <a href="/wiki/2020_Baghdad_International_Airport_airstrike" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 Baghdad International Airport airstrike">2020 Baghdad International Airport airstrike</a>, which killed the high-level Iranian General <a href="/wiki/Qasem_Soleimani" title="Qasem Soleimani">Qasem Soleimani</a>, brought strong reactions from around the world. Netanyahu praised the air strike, saying that Trump had acted "swiftly, forcefully and decisively".<a href="#cite_note-418">[417]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bank_of_China_terror_financing_case">Bank of China terror financing case</h3></div> In 2013, Netanyahu found himself caught between conflicting commitments made to the family of American terror victim <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Daniel_Wultz" title="Death of Daniel Wultz">Daniel Wultz</a> and the Government of China. Although Netanyahu was reported to have previously promised U.S. Representative <a href="/wiki/Ileana_Ros-Lehtinen" title="Ileana Ros-Lehtinen">Ileana Ros-Lehtinen</a> that Israel would fully cooperate in the terror-financing case against Bank of China in U.S. District Court, the prime minister reportedly made a conflicting promise to the Government of China prior to a state visit to China in May 2013.<a href="#cite_note-slate-419">[418]</a> Attorney <a href="/wiki/David_Boies" title="David Boies">David Boies</a>, lead counsel for the Wultz family, told The Wall Street Journal, "While we are respectful of China's interests, and of the diplomatic pressure to which Israel has been subjected, those interests and that pressure cannot be permitted to obstruct the ability of American courts to hear critical evidence."<a href="#cite_note-davidboies-420">[419]</a><a href="#cite_note-arutzsheva-421">[420]</a> In August 2013, Ros-Lehtinen, chair of the House Middle East and South Asia subcommittee, told the Miami Herald she raised the issue while leading a congressional delegation to Israel, stressing to Israeli officials the importance of them providing the Wultz family what they need for their lawsuit.<a href="#cite_note-miamiherald-422">[421]</a> "I am hopeful that we can bring this case to a conclusion that is satisfactory to the family, but we need community support to not waver at this critical time," Ros-Lehtinen said.<a href="#cite_note-miamiherald-422">[421]</a> U.S. Representative <a href="/wiki/Debbie_Wasserman_Schultz" title="Debbie Wasserman Schultz">Debbie Wasserman Schultz</a>, chair of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee" title="Democratic National Committee">Democratic National Committee</a>, also spoke out on the issue with the Miami Herald: "In South Florida, we all know too well of the tragic circumstances surrounding the cowardly terrorist attack that took <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Daniel_Wultz" title="Death of Daniel Wultz">Daniel Wultz's</a> innocent life. I have been working, hand in hand with the Wultz family and the state of Israel to ensure any and all of those involved in this terrorist activity, including the Bank of China, pay for their crimes so that justice can be served."<a href="#cite_note-miamiherald-422">[421]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Defense_and_security">Defense and security</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Btselem-south_israel2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Btselem-south_israel2.jpg/220px-Btselem-south_israel2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Btselem-south_israel2.jpg/330px-Btselem-south_israel2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Btselem-south_israel2.jpg/440px-Btselem-south_israel2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="674" /></a><figcaption>Israelis in Ashkelon run for shelter following a missile alert during <a href="/wiki/Operation_Protective_Edge" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Protective Edge">Operation Protective Edge</a></figcaption></figure> In 2011, Netanyahu arranged for 1000 Hamas and Fatah prisoners to be <a href="/wiki/Gilad_Shalit_prisoner_exchange" title="Gilad Shalit prisoner exchange">swapped</a> for <a href="/wiki/Gilad_Shalit" title="Gilad Shalit">Gilad Shalit</a>, including terrorists with "blood on their hands".<a href="#cite_note-423">[422]</a> Israeli officials estimate that 60% of those who are released "resume terrorism attacks".<a href="#cite_note-424">[423]</a> In 2011, Israeli General Staff concluded that the armed forces cannot maintain their battle readiness under Netanyahu's proposed cuts.<a href="#cite_note-425">[424]</a> However Netanyahu decided to cut social programs instead, and promised to increase the defense budget by about six percent.<a href="#cite_note-426">[425]</a><a href="#cite_note-427">[426]</a> In spite of this, the Israeli military still fell NIS 3.7 million short from its projected budget, which could damage their war capabilities.<a href="#cite_note-428">[427]</a> According to a U.S. State Department representative in November 2011, under the leadership of Netanyahu and Obama, Israel and the United States have enjoyed unprecedented security cooperation.<a href="#cite_note-429">[428]</a> Under Netanyahu's leadership, the Israeli <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Council_(Israel)" title="National Security Council (Israel)">National Security Council</a> has seen an expanded role in foreign policy planning and decision-making.<a href="#cite_note-430">[429]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/2023_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Israel–Hamas war">2023 Israel–Hamas war</a> he called for Israel to assume "overall security responsibility" over the Gaza Strip, saying "we've seen what happens when we don't have it [...] what we have is the eruption of Hamas terror on a scale that we couldn't imagine".<a href="#cite_note-431">[430]</a><a href="#cite_note-432">[431]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Illegal_immigration">Illegal immigration</h3></div> In his 1995 book Fighting Terrorism: How Democracies Can Defeat Domestic and International Terrorism, Netanyahu strongly argued that tightening immigration laws in the West is the most effective method to combat terrorism. "This era of immigration free-for-all should be brought to an end", he wrote in 1995.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-385">[384]</a> In 2012 the Netanyahu government passed the "Prevention of Infiltration Law", which mandated automatic detention of all people, including asylum-seekers, who enter Israel without permission. Amnesty International called it "an affront to international law".<a href="#cite_note-433">[432]</a><a href="#cite_note-434">[433]</a> Between 2009 and 2013, approximately 60,000 people <a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration_from_Africa_to_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal immigration from Africa to Israel">crossed into Israel from various African countries</a>.<a href="#cite_note-435">[434]</a> Netanyahu said that "this phenomenon is very grave and threatens the social fabric of society, our national security and our national identity."<a href="#cite_note-436">[435]</a> Many of these migrants are held in <a href="/wiki/Immigration_detention" title="Immigration detention">detention camps</a> in the Negev desert.<a href="#cite_note-437">[436]</a> When the Supreme Court of Israel declared the "Prevention of Infiltration Law" illegal for permitting immediate and indefinite detention of asylum seekers from Africa, Netanyahu requested new legislation to work around the Supreme Court ruling.<a href="#cite_note-438">[437]</a> Netanyahu is critical of what he sees as the overly open immigration policy of EU nations. Netanyahu has urged the leaders of <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> to close their borders to <a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration" title="Illegal immigration">illegal immigration</a>.<a href="#cite_note-439">[438]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relations_with_foreign_leaders">Relations with foreign leaders</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Putin-Netanyahu-Moscow_Victory_Day_Parade_09-05-2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Putin-Netanyahu-Moscow_Victory_Day_Parade_09-05-2018.jpg/220px-Putin-Netanyahu-Moscow_Victory_Day_Parade_09-05-2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Putin-Netanyahu-Moscow_Victory_Day_Parade_09-05-2018.jpg/330px-Putin-Netanyahu-Moscow_Victory_Day_Parade_09-05-2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Putin-Netanyahu-Moscow_Victory_Day_Parade_09-05-2018.jpg/440px-Putin-Netanyahu-Moscow_Victory_Day_Parade_09-05-2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1264" data-file-height="948" /></a><figcaption>Netanyahu with Russian President <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> at the <a href="/wiki/2018_Moscow_Victory_Day_Parade" title="2018 Moscow Victory Day Parade">2018 Moscow Victory Day Parade</a>. The two leaders have had a close relationship.</figcaption></figure> Netanyahu has a close relationship with Hungarian prime minister <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Orb%C3%A1n" title="Viktor Orbán">Viktor Orbán</a>, their having known each other for decades due to the privileged relationship between the Likud Party and the EPP, the <a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a>. Orban particularly admired Netanyahu while he was working as finance minister, and received advice from him while Netanyahu was Finance Minister of Israel.<a href="#cite_note-440">[439]</a> Netanyahu has been noted for his close and friendly relationship with former-late Italian prime minister <a href="/wiki/Silvio_Berlusconi" title="Silvio Berlusconi">Silvio Berlusconi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-441">[440]</a> Netanyahu has said of Berlusconi: "We are lucky that there is a leader such as yourself."<a href="#cite_note-442">[441]</a> Netanyahu has described Berlusconi as "one of the greatest friends".<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-441">[440]</a><a href="#cite_note-telegraph.co.uk-443">[442]</a> Netanyahu and Indian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> developed a close relationship and <a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="India–Israel relations">ties between India and Israel</a> increased during their rule.<a href="#cite_note-444">[443]</a><a href="#cite_note-445">[444]</a><a href="#cite_note-446">[445]</a> Netanyahu had a warm relationship and "personal friendship" with Russian President <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-447">[446]</a><a href="#cite_note-448">[447]</a> In his 2022 book, Netanyahu wrote positively about Putin and describes him as "smart, sophisticated and focused on one goal – returning Russia to its historical greatness".<a href="#cite_note-Netanyahu_Putin_Kuleba-449">[448]</a> Their relationship has been strained since the start of the <a href="/wiki/2023_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Israel–Hamas war">Israel–Hamas war</a>.<a href="#cite_note-450">[449]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Budapeszt_Spotkanie_premier%C3%B3w_pa%C5%84stw_Grupy_Wyszehradzkiej_(35181214174).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Budapeszt_Spotkanie_premier%C3%B3w_pa%C5%84stw_Grupy_Wyszehradzkiej_%2835181214174%29.jpg/220px-Budapeszt_Spotkanie_premier%C3%B3w_pa%C5%84stw_Grupy_Wyszehradzkiej_%2835181214174%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Budapeszt_Spotkanie_premier%C3%B3w_pa%C5%84stw_Grupy_Wyszehradzkiej_%2835181214174%29.jpg/330px-Budapeszt_Spotkanie_premier%C3%B3w_pa%C5%84stw_Grupy_Wyszehradzkiej_%2835181214174%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Budapeszt_Spotkanie_premier%C3%B3w_pa%C5%84stw_Grupy_Wyszehradzkiej_%2835181214174%29.jpg/440px-Budapeszt_Spotkanie_premier%C3%B3w_pa%C5%84stw_Grupy_Wyszehradzkiej_%2835181214174%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="996" data-file-height="663" /></a><figcaption>Netanyahu with <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Orb%C3%A1n" title="Viktor Orbán">Viktor Orbán</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Visegr%C3%A1d_Group" title="Visegrád Group">V4</a> leaders at the V4-Israel summit in Budapest, Hungary on 19 July 2017</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Prime_Minister,_Shri_Narendra_Modi_welcomes_the_Prime_Minister_of_Israel,_Mr._Benjamin_Netanyahu,_on_his_arrival,_at_Air_Force_Station,_Palam,_in_New_Delhi_on_January_14,_2018_(4).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_welcomes_the_Prime_Minister_of_Israel%2C_Mr._Benjamin_Netanyahu%2C_on_his_arrival%2C_at_Air_Force_Station%2C_Palam%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_January_14%2C_2018_%284%29.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_welcomes_the_Prime_Minister_of_Israel%2C_Mr._Benjamin_Netanyahu%2C_on_his_arrival%2C_at_Air_Force_Station%2C_Palam%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_January_14%2C_2018_%284%29.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_welcomes_the_Prime_Minister_of_Israel%2C_Mr._Benjamin_Netanyahu%2C_on_his_arrival%2C_at_Air_Force_Station%2C_Palam%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_January_14%2C_2018_%284%29.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1851" data-file-height="1567" /></a><figcaption>Netanyahu and Indian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> in New Delhi, India on 14 January 2018. The two leaders have had a close relationship.<a href="#cite_note-451">[450]</a></figcaption></figure>In early 2018, the Polish parliament adopted a <a href="/wiki/Amendment_to_the_Act_on_the_Institute_of_National_Remembrance" title="Amendment to the Act on the Institute of National Remembrance">new Polish law</a> criminalizing suggestions that Poles were collectively complicit in <a href="/wiki/Holocaust" class="mw-redirect" title="Holocaust">Holocaust</a>-related or other war crimes that had been committed during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis powers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-452">[451]</a><a href="#cite_note-453">[452]</a> Later that year at the Munich Security Conference, Polish prime minister <a href="/wiki/Mateusz_Morawiecki" title="Mateusz Morawiecki">Mateusz Morawiecki</a> said "it is not going to be seen as criminal to say that there were Polish perpetrators, as there were Jewish perpetrators ... not only German perpetrators" implicated in the Jewish Holocaust.<a href="#cite_note-454">[453]</a> Netanyahu called his Polish counterpart's comment "outrageous" for saying that Jews had been among the Holocaust's perpetrators.<a href="#cite_note-455">[454]</a> The resulting crisis in <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Poland_relations" title="Israel–Poland relations">Israel–Poland relations</a> was resolved in late June that year when the two prime ministers issued a joint communiqué endorsing research into the Jewish Holocaust and condemning the misnomer "<a href="/wiki/%22Polish_death_camp%22_controversy" title=""Polish death camp" controversy">Polish concentration camps</a>".<a href="#cite_note-456">[455]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2019_Jantar_na_Resid%C3%AAncia_do_Primeiro-Ministro_de_Israel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/2019_Jantar_na_Resid%C3%AAncia_do_Primeiro-Ministro_de_Israel.jpg/220px-2019_Jantar_na_Resid%C3%AAncia_do_Primeiro-Ministro_de_Israel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/2019_Jantar_na_Resid%C3%AAncia_do_Primeiro-Ministro_de_Israel.jpg/330px-2019_Jantar_na_Resid%C3%AAncia_do_Primeiro-Ministro_de_Israel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/2019_Jantar_na_Resid%C3%AAncia_do_Primeiro-Ministro_de_Israel.jpg/440px-2019_Jantar_na_Resid%C3%AAncia_do_Primeiro-Ministro_de_Israel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3506" data-file-height="2337" /></a><figcaption>Netanyahu with Brazilian President <a href="/wiki/Jair_Bolsonaro" title="Jair Bolsonaro">Jair Bolsonaro</a> in Jerusalem, 31 March 2019</figcaption></figure> According to <a href="/wiki/Efraim_Zuroff" title="Efraim Zuroff">Efraim Zuroff</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Simon_Wiesenthal_Center" title="Simon Wiesenthal Center">Simon Wiesenthal Center</a>, during the visit of <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukrainian</a> President <a href="/wiki/Petro_Poroshenko" title="Petro Poroshenko">Petro Poroshenko</a> in Jerusalem, Netanyahu failed to publicly address <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_decommunization_laws" title="Ukrainian decommunization laws">Ukraine's official policy</a> of rehabilitating local Nazi collaborators like <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army" title="Ukrainian Insurgent Army">UPA</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Roman_Shukhevych" title="Roman Shukhevych">Roman Shukhevych</a>, who had participated in the murder of Jews.<a href="#cite_note-457">[456]</a> Netanyahu has developed a close relationship with Brazilian President <a href="/wiki/Jair_Bolsonaro" title="Jair Bolsonaro">Jair Bolsonaro</a> following Bolsonaro's election in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-458">[457]</a><a href="#cite_note-459">[458]</a> Netanyahu has a good relationship with Argentinian president <a href="/wiki/Javier_Milei" title="Javier Milei">Javier Milei</a>, having called him a "great friend of the Jewish State", shortly after Milei started his tenure as president.<a href="#cite_note-460">[459]</a> Since 2023, Netanyahu and Chinese President <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> have been engaged in diplomacy, arising due to strained ties between the US and Israel.<a href="#cite_note-461">[460]</a> The diplomatic situation has been made complicated due to the <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Israel–Hamas war">Israel-Hamas War</a>, where China has remained neutral.<a href="#cite_note-462">[461]</a> Netanyahu and Turkish President <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a> have tense relations.<a href="#cite_note-463">[462]</a> In March 2019, after being denounced by Turkey as a racist for saying that Israel was the nation-state of the Jewish people only, Netanyahu called Erdoğan a dictator and mocked him for imprisoning journalists in a tweet.<a href="#cite_note-AP_Erdogan-464">[463]</a> In response, Erdoğan called Netanyahu as "the thief who heads Israel", referencing the ongoing corruption scandals against Netanyahu. In the same speech, Erdoğan further escalated the spat by addressing to Netanyahu directly, saying, "you are a tyrant. You are a tyrant who slaughters 7-year-old Palestinian kids",<a href="#cite_note-AP_Erdogan-464">[463]</a> and further in April 2018, calling Israel "terror state" and Netanyahu "terrorist".<a href="#cite_note-465">[464]</a> Netanyahu tweeted that "Erdoğan is among Hamas's biggest supporters and there is no doubt that he well understands terrorism and slaughter."<a href="#cite_note-466">[465]</a> Netanyahu condemned the <a href="/wiki/2019_Turkish_offensive_into_north-eastern_Syria" title="2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria">2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria</a> and warned against ethnic cleansing of <a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Syria" title="Kurds in Syria">Kurds</a> by Turkey and its proxies.<a href="#cite_note-Haaretz-467">[466]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="US_leaders">US leaders</h3></div> Netanyahu has close ties with the congressional leadership of the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">U.S. Republican Party</a> and with its 2012 presidential candidate, <a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Mitt Romney</a>. He and Romney first became acquainted when both worked at the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Consulting_Group" title="Boston Consulting Group">Boston Consulting Group</a> in the mid-1970s.<a href="#cite_note-468">[467]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/2011_G-20_Cannes_summit" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 G-20 Cannes summit">2011 G-20 Cannes summit</a>, then-French president <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Nicolas Sarkozy</a> was overheard saying to then-U.S. President Barack Obama, "I cannot bear Netanyahu, he's a liar", and Obama reportedly responded, "You're fed up with him, but I have to deal with him every day."<a href="#cite_note-YNet_Overheard-469">[468]</a><a href="#cite_note-CBS_Fed_Up-470">[469]</a> In October 2014, author <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Goldberg" title="Jeffrey Goldberg">Jeffrey Goldberg</a> related a conversation in which Goldberg said that a senior official of the Obama administration called Netanyahu a "chickenshit" after Netanyahu accused U.S. President Barack Obama of "acting contrary to American values". Goldberg went on to say that Netanyahu and his cabinet were largely to blame for the tensions between the Netanyahu and Obama governments.<a href="#cite_note-crisis-199">[198]</a> Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a> phoned Netanyahu to clarify that "such statements are disgraceful, unacceptable and damaging" and "do not reflect the position of the United States".<a href="#cite_note-471">[470]</a> Netanyahu responded by saying "I'm being attacked because of my determination to defend Israel's interests. The safety of Israel is not important to those who attack me anonymously and personally."<a href="#cite_note-472">[471]</a> Because of evident rifts between Netanyahu and members of the Obama administration, observers have characterized the relationship as having reached a crisis level by October 2014.<a href="#cite_note-473">[472]</a><a href="#cite_note-crisis-199">[198]</a> The relationship between Netanyahu and the Obama administration had become problematic enough that Goldberg reported in November 2014 that his conversations with Netanyahu and other Israeli officials indicated that Israel would wait until a new U.S. president is elected before attempting to repair the relationship with the White House. According to <a href="/wiki/Alon_Pinkas" title="Alon Pinkas">Alon Pinkas</a>, a former diplomat and adviser to Israeli prime ministers, "Netanyahu's self-righteousness that this resolution is going to be changed or reversed by Trump is totally unfounded."<a href="#cite_note-474">[473]</a> On 23 December 2016, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a> passed <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2334" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 2334">a resolution</a> calling for an end to <a href="/wiki/Israeli_settlement" title="Israeli settlement">Israeli settlements</a>.<a href="#cite_note-475">[474]</a> In a departure from longstanding American policy, the US, under the Obama administration, abstained from the vote and did not exercise its <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_veto_power" title="United Nations Security Council veto power">veto power</a>. At the behest of the Netanyahu government, President-elect Trump attempted to intercede by publicly advocating for the resolution to be vetoed, as well as successfully persuading Egypt's <a href="/wiki/Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi" title="Abdel Fattah el-Sisi">Abdel Fattah el-Sisi</a> to temporarily withdraw it from consideration.<a href="#cite_note-476">[475]</a> The resolution was then "proposed again by <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>" – and passed 14 to 0. Netanyahu's office alleged that "the Obama administration not only failed to protect Israel against this gang-up at the UN, it colluded with it behind the scenes", adding: "Israel looks forward to working with President-elect Trump and with all our friends in Congress, Republicans and Democrats alike, to negate the harmful effects of this absurd resolution."<a href="#cite_note-477">[476]</a><a href="#cite_note-478">[477]</a><a href="#cite_note-479">[478]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Trump_and_The_First_Lady_Participate_in_an_Abraham_Accords_Signing_Ceremony_(50346326831).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/President_Trump_and_The_First_Lady_Participate_in_an_Abraham_Accords_Signing_Ceremony_%2850346326831%29.jpg/220px-President_Trump_and_The_First_Lady_Participate_in_an_Abraham_Accords_Signing_Ceremony_%2850346326831%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/President_Trump_and_The_First_Lady_Participate_in_an_Abraham_Accords_Signing_Ceremony_%2850346326831%29.jpg/330px-President_Trump_and_The_First_Lady_Participate_in_an_Abraham_Accords_Signing_Ceremony_%2850346326831%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/President_Trump_and_The_First_Lady_Participate_in_an_Abraham_Accords_Signing_Ceremony_%2850346326831%29.jpg/440px-President_Trump_and_The_First_Lady_Participate_in_an_Abraham_Accords_Signing_Ceremony_%2850346326831%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Netanyahu and <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> during the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Accords" title="Abraham Accords">Abraham Accords</a> on 15 September 2020</figcaption></figure>Netanyahu and former U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> have known each other for many years.<a href="#cite_note-480">[479]</a> Netanyahu had been a friend of Donald Trump's father, <a href="/wiki/Fred_Trump" title="Fred Trump">Fred</a>, when Netanyahu lived in New York during the 1980s, serving as UN ambassador.<a href="#cite_note-nymag.com-68">[67]</a> In 2013, Trump made a video endorsing Netanyahu during the <a href="/wiki/2013_Israeli_legislative_election" title="2013 Israeli legislative election">Israeli elections</a> saying, "vote for Benjamin – terrific guy, terrific leader, great for Israel". In June 2019, Netanyahu officially renamed a <a href="/wiki/Trump_Heights" title="Trump Heights">settlement</a> in the disputed <a href="/wiki/Golan_Heights" title="Golan Heights">Golan Heights</a> after Donald Trump.<a href="#cite_note-481">[480]</a><a href="#cite_note-482">[481]</a> However, Trump aide <a href="/wiki/Jared_Kushner" title="Jared Kushner">Jared Kushner</a> has claimed that in January 2020, Trump became frustrated with Netanyahu's rhetoric regarding annexation of the Jordan Valley, and considered endorsing his political opponent, <a href="/wiki/Benny_Gantz" title="Benny Gantz">Benny Gantz</a>.<a href="#cite_note-483">[482]</a> Following Netanyahu's congratulations for <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> after the <a href="/wiki/2020_U.S._presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 U.S. presidential election">2020 U.S. presidential election</a>, the relationship deteriorated, with Trump accusing him of disloyalty and stating Netanyahu had "made a terrible mistake".<a href="#cite_note-484">[483]</a> U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrat</a>, has been friendly with Netanyahu for many years. In November 2011<a href="#cite_note-485">[484]</a> and in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_debates,_2012" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election debates, 2012">2012 U.S. vice presidential debate</a>,<a href="#cite_note-486">[485]</a> Biden stated that the relationship has lasted for 39 years. In March 2010, Netanyahu remarked during a joint statement with Biden during his visit of Israel<a href="#cite_note-487">[486]</a> that their friendship had started almost three decades prior. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Family_tree">Family tree</h3></div> <table style="border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; margin: 0 auto;"> <tbody><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Mileikowsky" title="Nathan Mileikowsky">Nathan Mileikowsky</a> (1879–1935) Writer, <a href="/wiki/Zionist" class="mw-redirect" title="Zionist">Zionist</a> activist</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Sarah Lurie</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Tzila Segal (1912–2000)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Benzion_Netanyahu" title="Benzion Netanyahu">Benzion Netanyahu</a> (1910–2012) Historian</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Elisha_Netanyahu" title="Elisha Netanyahu">Elisha Netanyahu</a> (1912–1986) Mathematician</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Shoshana_Netanyahu" title="Shoshana Netanyahu">Shoshana Shenburg</a> (1923–2022) <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Israel" title="Supreme Court of Israel">Supreme Court</a> justice</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Yonatan_Netanyahu" title="Yonatan Netanyahu">Yonatan Netanyahu</a> (1946–1976) Military Commander</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Benjamin Netanyahu (1949–) </td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Iddo_Netanyahu" title="Iddo Netanyahu">Iddo Netanyahu</a> (1952–) Physician, playwright</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Netanyahu" title="Nathan Netanyahu">Nathan Netanyahu</a> (1951–) Computer scientist</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_(GPO)_-_P.M._Netanyahu_at_Memorial_Service_for_Yoni.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_P.M._Netanyahu_at_Memorial_Service_for_Yoni.jpg/170px-Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_P.M._Netanyahu_at_Memorial_Service_for_Yoni.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_P.M._Netanyahu_at_Memorial_Service_for_Yoni.jpg/255px-Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_P.M._Netanyahu_at_Memorial_Service_for_Yoni.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_P.M._Netanyahu_at_Memorial_Service_for_Yoni.jpg/340px-Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_P.M._Netanyahu_at_Memorial_Service_for_Yoni.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>Benjamin Netanyahu at the grave of his brother <a href="/wiki/Yoni_Netanyahu" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoni Netanyahu">Yoni Netanyahu</a>, who was killed leading a counter-terrorist operation in 1976</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Family_and_background">Family and background</h3></div> Netanyahu was born in <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a>,<a href="#cite_note-488">[487]</a> to <a href="/wiki/Benzion_Netanyahu" title="Benzion Netanyahu">Benzion Netanyahu</a> (original name Mileikowsky) and Tzila (Cela; née Segal). His mother was born in 1912 in <a href="/wiki/Petah_Tikva" title="Petah Tikva">Petah Tikva</a>, then in <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> Palestine, now <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>. Though all his grandparents were born in the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>, Lithuania and Poland), his mother's parents emigrated to <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a> in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-489">[488]</a> He is related to Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Vilna_Gaon" title="Vilna Gaon">Eliyahu of Vilna</a> (the Vilna Gaon) on his paternal side.<a href="#cite_note-490">[489]</a> Netanyahu's father, <a href="/wiki/Benzion_Netanyahu" title="Benzion Netanyahu">Benzion</a>, was a professor of <a href="/wiki/Jewish_history" title="Jewish history">Jewish history</a> at <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a>,<a href="#cite_note-491">[490]</a> editor of the <a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_Hebraica" title="Encyclopaedia Hebraica">Encyclopaedia Hebraica</a>, and a senior aide to <a href="/wiki/Ze%27ev_Jabotinsky" title="Ze'ev Jabotinsky">Ze'ev Jabotinsky</a>, who remained active in research and writing into his nineties. Netanyahu's paternal grandfather was <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Mileikowsky" title="Nathan Mileikowsky">Nathan Mileikowsky</a>, a leading Zionist rabbi and <a href="/wiki/Jewish_National_Fund" title="Jewish National Fund">JNF</a> fundraiser.<a href="#cite_note-492">[491]</a> Netanyahu's older brother, <a href="/wiki/Yonatan_Netanyahu" title="Yonatan Netanyahu">Yonatan</a>, was killed in <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a> during <a href="/wiki/Operation_Entebbe" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Entebbe">Operation Entebbe</a> in 1976. His younger brother, <a href="/wiki/Iddo_Netanyahu" title="Iddo Netanyahu">Iddo</a>, is a radiologist and writer. All three brothers served in the <a href="/wiki/Sayeret_Matkal" title="Sayeret Matkal">Sayeret Matkal</a> reconnaissance unit of the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">Israel Defense Forces</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marriages_and_relationships">Marriages and relationships</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_(GPO)_-_P.M._BENJAMIN_NETANYAHU_LIGHTING_HANUKA_CANDLES_WITH_HIS_WIFE_AND_SONS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_P.M._BENJAMIN_NETANYAHU_LIGHTING_HANUKA_CANDLES_WITH_HIS_WIFE_AND_SONS.jpg/220px-Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_P.M._BENJAMIN_NETANYAHU_LIGHTING_HANUKA_CANDLES_WITH_HIS_WIFE_AND_SONS.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_P.M._BENJAMIN_NETANYAHU_LIGHTING_HANUKA_CANDLES_WITH_HIS_WIFE_AND_SONS.jpg/330px-Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_P.M._BENJAMIN_NETANYAHU_LIGHTING_HANUKA_CANDLES_WITH_HIS_WIFE_AND_SONS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_P.M._BENJAMIN_NETANYAHU_LIGHTING_HANUKA_CANDLES_WITH_HIS_WIFE_AND_SONS.jpg/440px-Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_P.M._BENJAMIN_NETANYAHU_LIGHTING_HANUKA_CANDLES_WITH_HIS_WIFE_AND_SONS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Netanyahu lighting <a href="/wiki/Hanukkah" title="Hanukkah">Hanukkah</a> <a href="/wiki/Menorah_(Hanukkah)" class="mw-redirect" title="Menorah (Hanukkah)">candles</a> on the first night in the <a href="/wiki/Beit_Aghion" title="Beit Aghion">prime minister's office</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> with his wife, <a href="/wiki/Sara_Netanyahu" title="Sara Netanyahu">Sara</a> and their sons, <a href="/wiki/Yair_Netanyahu" title="Yair Netanyahu">Yair</a> and <a href="/wiki/Avner_Netanyahu" title="Avner Netanyahu">Avner</a>, 1996</figcaption></figure> Netanyahu has been married three times and has been involved in multiple <a href="/wiki/Affair" title="Affair">extramarital affairs</a>. Netanyahu's first marriage was to Miriam Weizmann, whom he met in Israel. Weizmann lived near Yonatan Netanyahu's apartment in Jerusalem, where Netanyahu was based during his military service. By the time Netanyahu's service was finished, Weizmann had completed her own military service as well as a degree in chemistry from the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_University_of_Jerusalem" title="Hebrew University of Jerusalem">Hebrew University of Jerusalem</a>. In 1972, they both left to study in the United States, where she enrolled in <a href="/wiki/Brandeis_University" title="Brandeis University">Brandeis University</a>, while Netanyahu studied at MIT. They married soon afterward. The couple had one daughter, Noa (born 29 April 1978).<a href="#cite_note-Haaretz-2009-493">[492]</a><a href="#cite_note-Miskin-2009-494">[493]</a> In 1978, while Weizmann was pregnant, Netanyahu met a non-Jewish British student named Fleur Cates at the university library, and began an affair. His marriage ended in divorce soon after Miriam discovered the affair. In 1981, Netanyahu married Cates, and she <a href="/wiki/Conversion_to_Judaism" title="Conversion to Judaism">converted</a> to <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-star-386">[385]</a> After moving with Netanyahu to Israel, Cates sued for divorce in 1988.<a href="#cite_note-star-386">[385]</a> His third wife, <a href="/wiki/Sara_Netanyahu" title="Sara Netanyahu">Sara Ben-Artzi</a>, was working as a <a href="/wiki/Flight_attendant" title="Flight attendant">flight attendant</a> on an <a href="/wiki/El_Al" title="El Al">El Al</a> flight from New York to Israel when they met.<a href="#cite_note-bio-108">[107]</a> She was in the process of completing a master's degree in psychology.<a href="#cite_note-495">[494]</a> The couple married in 1991. They have two sons: <a href="/wiki/Yair_Netanyahu" title="Yair Netanyahu">Yair</a> (born 26 July 1991), a former soldier in the <a href="/wiki/IDF_Spokesperson%27s_Unit" title="IDF Spokesperson's Unit">IDF Spokesperson's Unit</a>,<a href="#cite_note-496">[495]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Avner_Netanyahu" title="Avner Netanyahu">Avner</a> (born 10 October 1994), a national Bible champion, winner of the National Bible Quiz for Youth in <a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Shmona" title="Kiryat Shmona">Kiryat Shmona</a>, and former soldier in the IDF <a href="/wiki/Combat_Intelligence_Collection_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Combat Intelligence Collection Corps">Combat Intelligence Collection Corps</a>.<a href="#cite_note-497">[496]</a><a href="#cite_note-498">[497]</a> In 1993, Netanyahu confessed on live television to having an affair with Ruth Bar, his public relations adviser. He said that a political rival had planted a secret video camera that had recorded him in a sexually compromising position with Bar, and that he had been threatened with the release of the tape to the press unless he quit the Likud leadership race. Netanyahu and Sara repaired their marriage, and he was elected to the leadership of Likud.<a href="#cite_note-499">[498]</a> In 1996, the media reported that he had a 20-year friendship with Katherine Price-Mondadori, an Italian-American woman.<a href="#cite_note-500">[499]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health">Health</h3></div> Netanyahu has been suffering from <a href="/wiki/Right_bundle_branch_block" title="Right bundle branch block">right bundle branch block</a> (RBBB) since around 2003.<a href="#cite_note-501">[500]</a> On 22 July 2023, a pacemaker was implanted in his body.<a href="#cite_note-502">[501]</a><a href="#cite_note-503">[502]</a> A hernia was discovered on him in March 2024.<a href="#cite_note-504">[503]</a> His personal physician and close friend is the Romanian-born pediatrist <a href="/wiki/Herman_Berkovits" title="Herman Berkovits">Herman Berkovits</a>.<a href="#cite_note-505">[504]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Authored_books">Authored books</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Channel_2_-_Benjamin_Netanyahu.webm/220px--Channel_2_-_Benjamin_Netanyahu.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="165" data-durationhint="80" data-mwtitle="Channel_2_-_Benjamin_Netanyahu.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Channel_2_-_Benjamin_Netanyahu.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/92/Channel_2_-_Benjamin_Netanyahu.webm/Channel_2_-_Benjamin_Netanyahu.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Channel_2_-_Benjamin_Netanyahu.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="768" data-height="576" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/92/Channel_2_-_Benjamin_Netanyahu.webm/Channel_2_-_Benjamin_Netanyahu.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/92/Channel_2_-_Benjamin_Netanyahu.webm/Channel_2_-_Benjamin_Netanyahu.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/92/Channel_2_-_Benjamin_Netanyahu.webm/Channel_2_-_Benjamin_Netanyahu.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/92/Channel_2_-_Benjamin_Netanyahu.webm/Channel_2_-_Benjamin_Netanyahu.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /></video><figcaption>Video clip about Benjamin Netanyahu by Israel News Company</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNetanyahu1981" class="citation book cs1">—, ed. (1981). International Terrorism: Challenge and Response. Transaction Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87855-894-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87855-894-0"><bdi>978-0-87855-894-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Terrorism%3A+Challenge+and+Response&rft.pub=Transaction+Publishers&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-0-87855-894-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Netanyahu" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNetanyahu1987" class="citation book cs1">— (1987). Terrorism: How the West Can Win. Avon. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-380-70321-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-380-70321-0"><bdi>978-0-380-70321-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Terrorism%3A+How+the+West+Can+Win&rft.pub=Avon&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-380-70321-0&rft.aulast=Netanyahu&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Netanyahu" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNetanyahu1995" class="citation book cs1">— (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fightingterroris00neta">Fighting Terrorism: How Democracies Can Defeat Domestic and International Terrorism</a>. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-374-15492-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-374-15492-9"><bdi>978-0-374-15492-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fighting+Terrorism%3A+How+Democracies+Can+Defeat+Domestic+and+International+Terrorism&rft.pub=Farrar%2C+Straus+and+Giroux&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-374-15492-9&rft.aulast=Netanyahu&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffightingterroris00neta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Netanyahu" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNetanyahu1999" class="citation book cs1">— (1999) [1993]. A Durable Peace: Israel and Its Place Among the Nations. Grand Central Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-446-52306-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-446-52306-6"><bdi>978-0-446-52306-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Durable+Peace%3A+Israel+and+Its+Place+Among+the+Nations&rft.pub=Grand+Central+Publishing&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-446-52306-6&rft.aulast=Netanyahu&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Netanyahu" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNetanyahu2022" class="citation book cs1">— (2022). Bibi: My Story. Simon and Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-6680-0844-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-6680-0844-7"><bdi>978-1-6680-0844-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bibi%3A+My+Story&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-1-6680-0844-7&rft.aulast=Netanyahu&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Netanyahu" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Trial of Benjamin Netanyahu">Trial of Benjamin Netanayahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forbes_list_of_The_World%27s_Most_Powerful_People" class="mw-redirect" title="Forbes list of The World's Most Powerful People">Forbes list of The World's Most Powerful People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_prime_ministerial_trips_made_by_Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="List of international prime ministerial trips made by Benjamin Netanyahu">List of international prime ministerial trips made by Benjamin Netanyahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Israeli_politicians" title="List of Israeli politicians">List of Israeli politicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology_alumni" title="List of Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni">List of Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> Pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˌnɛtənˈjɑːhuː/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">NET-ən-YAH-hoo</a>;<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: בִּנְיָמִין נְתַנְיָהוּ, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Hebrew" title="Romanization of Hebrew">romanized</a>: Binyamin Netanyahu, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hebrew" title="Help:IPA/Hebrew">[binjaˈmin netanˈjahu]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/b\/b8\/He-Benjamin_Netanyahu.ogg\/He-Benjamin_Netanyahu.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"He-Benjamin Netanyahu.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b8/He-Benjamin_Netanyahu.ogg/He-Benjamin_Netanyahu.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:He-Benjamin_Netanyahu.ogg" title="File:He-Benjamin Netanyahu.ogg">ⓘ</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://main.knesset.gov.il/EN/mk/Pages/HeadOfOpposition.aspx">Leader of the Opposition</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326105855/https://main.knesset.gov.il/EN/mk/Pages/HeadOfOpposition.aspx">Archived</a> 26 March 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Knesset </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dictionary.com/browse/Netanyahu">"Netanyahu"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dictionary.com" title="Dictionary.com">Dictionary.com Unabridged</a> (Online). n.d. Retrieved 29 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Netanyahu&rft.btitle=Dictionary.com+Unabridged&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dictionary.com%2Fbrowse%2FNetanyahu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Netanyahu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPichetaGoldTal2022" class="citation web cs1">Picheta, Rob; Gold, Hadas; Tal, Amir (29 December 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2022/12/29/middleeast/israel-benjamin-netanyahu-swearing-in-intl/index.html">"Benjamin Netanyahu sworn in as leader of Israel's likely most right-wing government ever"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230228233951/https://www.cnn.com/2022/12/29/middleeast/israel-benjamin-netanyahu-swearing-in-intl/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 February 2023. Retrieved 29 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Benjamin+Netanyahu+sworn+in+as+leader+of+Israel%27s+likely+most+right-wing+government+ever&rft.date=2022-12-29&rft.aulast=Picheta&rft.aufirst=Rob&rft.au=Gold%2C+Hadas&rft.au=Tal%2C+Amir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2022%2F12%2F29%2Fmiddleeast%2Fisrael-benjamin-netanyahu-swearing-in-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Netanyahu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeller2019" class="citation web cs1">Heller, Aron (17 July 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apnews.com/a8a9d3c598954ca6803710e375117156">"Netanyahu makes history as Israel's longest-serving leader"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190717075053/https://www.apnews.com/a8a9d3c598954ca6803710e375117156">Archived</a> from the original on 17 July 2019. Retrieved 17 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Netanyahu+makes+history+as+Israel%27s+longest-serving+leader&rft.pub=Associated+Press&rft.date=2019-07-17&rft.aulast=Heller&rft.aufirst=Aron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apnews.com%2Fa8a9d3c598954ca6803710e375117156&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Netanyahu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2019" class="citation news cs1">Williams, Dan (18 July 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-israel-netanyahu/bruised-but-driven-netanyahu-becomes-israels-longest-serving-pm-idUSKCN1UD1GV">"Bruised but driven, Netanyahu becomes Israel's longest-serving PM"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190718133059/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-israel-netanyahu/bruised-but-driven-netanyahu-becomes-israels-longest-serving-pm-idUSKCN1UD1GV">Archived</a> from the original on 18 July 2019. Retrieved 18 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Bruised+but+driven%2C+Netanyahu+becomes+Israel%27s+longest-serving+PM&rft.date=2019-07-18&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-israel-netanyahu%2Fbruised-but-driven-netanyahu-becomes-israels-longest-serving-pm-idUSKCN1UD1GV&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Netanyahu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMitchell2015" class="citation book cs1">Mitchell, Thomas G. (2015). Likud Leaders. Jefferson, North Carolina: <a href="/wiki/McFarland_%26_Company" title="McFarland & Company">McFarland</a>. p. 186. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-9713-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-9713-3"><bdi>978-0-7864-9713-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Likud+Leaders&rft.place=Jefferson%2C+North+Carolina&rft.pages=186&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-9713-3&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=Thomas+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Netanyahu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2004/10/24/world/middleeast/netanyahu-gets-tough-to-transform-israels-economy.html">"Netanyahu Gets Tough to Transform Israel's Economy"</a>. The New York Times. 24 October 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231029190644/https://www.nytimes.com/2004/10/24/world/middleeast/netanyahu-gets-tough-to-transform-israels-economy.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2023. Retrieved 4 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Netanyahu+Gets+Tough+to+Transform+Israel%27s+Economy&rft.date=2004-10-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2004%2F10%2F24%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fnetanyahu-gets-tough-to-transform-israels-economy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Netanyahu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-xinh-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-xinh_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-xinh_9-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060227183818/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2005-12/20/content_3944753.htm">"Netanyahu elected as Likud party chairman"</a>. Xinhua News Agency. 20 December 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2005-12/20/content_3944753.htm">the original</a> on 27 February 2006. Retrieved 27 July 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Netanyahu+elected+as+Likud+party+chairman&rft.date=2005-12-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.xinhuanet.com%2Fenglish%2F2005-12%2F20%2Fcontent_3944753.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Netanyahu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoffman2009" class="citation news cs1">Hoffman, Gil (10 February 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Israel/Article.aspx?id=132385">"Kadima wins, but rightist bloc biggest"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130127225603/http://www.jpost.com/Israel/Article.aspx?id=132385">Archived</a> from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 17 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Kadima+wins%2C+but+rightist+bloc+biggest&rft.date=2009-02-10&rft.aulast=Hoffman&rft.aufirst=Gil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FIsrael%2FArticle.aspx%3Fid%3D132385&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Netanyahu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-swornh-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-swornh_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-swornh_11-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/news/netanyahu-sworn-in-as-israel-s-prime-minister-1.273265">"Netanyahu sworn in as Israel's prime minister"</a>. Haaretz. 31 March 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121022143957/http://www.haaretz.com/news/netanyahu-sworn-in-as-israel-s-prime-minister-1.273265">Archived</a> from the original on 22 October 2012. Retrieved 10 March 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Netanyahu+sworn+in+as+Israel%27s+prime+minister&rft.date=2009-03-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fnews%2Fnetanyahu-sworn-in-as-israel-s-prime-minister-1.273265&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Netanyahu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-swornr-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-swornr_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-swornr_12-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeller2009" class="citation news cs1">Heller, Jeffrey (31 March 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-israel-idUSTRE52U4VH20090331">"Netanyahu sworn in as Israeli prime minister"</a>. Reuters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924141329/http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/03/31/us-israel-idUSTRE52U4VH20090331">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2015. 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Islamic Republic of Iran 2"</a>. Casetext.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Casetext&rft.atitle=Stern+v.+Islamic+Republic+of+Iran+2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcasetext.com%2Fcase%2Fstern-v-islamic-republic-of-iran-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Netanyahu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://casetext.com/case/campuzano-v-islamic-republic-of-iran">"Campuzano v. Islamic Republic of Iran"</a>. 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Retrieved 27 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Netanyahu%27s+plea+to+Obama%3A+Release+Jonathan+Pollard&rft.date=2010-11-09&rft.aulast=Lis&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fprint-edition%2Fnews%2Fnetanyahu-s-plea-to-obama-release-jonathan-pollard-1.335262&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Netanyahu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111218031119/http://www.financeisrael.mof.gov.il/FinanceIsrael/Docs/En/pressReleases/20110927.pdf">"The recommendations of the Trajtenberg Committee were submitted today to the Prime Minister and the Minister of Finance"</a> (PDF) (Press release). 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Retrieved 1 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=Dianne+Feinstein%3A+Benjamin+Netanyahu+%27Arrogant%27+For+Claiming+To+Speak+For+All+Jews&rft.date=2015-03-01&rft.aulast=Levine&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2F2015%2F03%2F01%2Fdianne-feinstein-benjamin-netanyahu_n_6778748.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Netanyahu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBen_Zion2015" class="citation news cs1">Ben Zion, Ilan (10 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/j-street-launches-campaign-against-netanyahu/">"J Street launches campaign against Netanyahu"</a>. 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Retrieved 6 May 2015. <q>Prime minister reaches deal with Jewish home's Bennett, finalizing a right-wing government; two men set to deliver a statement; Ayelet Shaked will be named justice minister.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=In+the+11th+hour%2C+Netanyahu+finalizes+61-strong+coalition&rft.date=2015-05-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fin-the-11th-hour-netanyahu-finalizes-61-strong-coalition%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Netanyahu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeller2015" class="citation news cs1">Heller, Jeffery (6 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-israel-politics-idUSKBN0NR29R20150506">"Netanyahu clinches deal to form new Israeli government"</a>. 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Retrieved 28 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98&rft.atitle=%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%99%D7%93+%D7%95%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA+%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%AA%3A+%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%99%D7%99+%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%A8+%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D+%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A8+%D7%A4%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%94+%D7%A7%D7%A9%D7%94+%D7%91%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%94&rft.date=2023-02-23&rft.aulast=%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%99%D7%94&rft.aufirst=%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%99&rft.au=%D7%98%D7%99%D7%99%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9D%2C+%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%94&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.calcalist.co.il%2Flocal_news%2Farticle%2Fryow8mbri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Netanyahu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-איזק-2023-284">^ <a href="#cite_ref-איזק-2023_284-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-איזק-2023_284-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFאיזק2023" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">איזק, רתם (18 February 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ynet.co.il/news/article/rkc8syjpi">"צפו פגיעה, זו מתקפה ישירה על נשים: ההיבט המגדרי של המהפכה המשפטית"</a>. Ynet (in Hebrew). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230226184501/https://www.ynet.co.il/news/article/rkc8syjpi">Archived</a> from the original on 26 February 2023. Retrieved 26 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ynet&rft.atitle=%D7%A6%D7%A4%D7%95+%D7%A4%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%94%2C+%D7%96%D7%95+%D7%9E%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%A4%D7%94+%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%94+%D7%A2%D7%9C+%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9D%3A+%D7%94%D7%94%D7%99%D7%91%D7%98+%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%92%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%99+%D7%A9%D7%9C+%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%9B%D7%94+%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%98%D7%99%D7%AA&rft.date=2023-02-18&rft.aulast=%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%A7&rft.aufirst=%D7%A8%D7%AA%D7%9D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynet.co.il%2Fnews%2Farticle%2Frkc8syjpi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Netanyahu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ברנע-2023-285">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ברנע-2023_285-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ברנע-2023_285-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ברנע-2023_285-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFברנע2023" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">ברנע, רני (1 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.co.il/health/2023-03-01/ty-article/.premium/00000186-98d9-d038-a3f6-bbf95dba0000">"הסיוט של מערכת המשפט יהיה האסון של מערכת הבריאות"</a>. הארץ (in Hebrew). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230304105309/https://www.haaretz.co.il/health/2023-03-01/ty-article/.premium/00000186-98d9-d038-a3f6-bbf95dba0000">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2023. Retrieved 1 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A5&rft.atitle=%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%95%D7%98+%D7%A9%D7%9C+%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%AA+%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%98+%D7%99%D7%94%D7%99%D7%94+%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9F+%D7%A9%D7%9C+%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%AA+%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA&rft.date=2023-03-01&rft.aulast=%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A2&rft.aufirst=%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%99&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.co.il%2Fhealth%2F2023-03-01%2Fty-article%2F.premium%2F00000186-98d9-d038-a3f6-bbf95dba0000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Netanyahu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-286"><a href="#cite_ref-286">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaltz2023" class="citation news cs1">Maltz, Judy (25 February 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2023-02-25/ty-article/.premium/u-s-reform-movement-leader-to-israelis-your-diaspora-siblings-are-in-solidarity-with-you/00000186-899c-d5bf-adb6-af9e93100000">"U.S. Reform Movement Leader to Israelis: Your Diaspora Siblings Stand in Solidarity With You"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230225192325/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2023-02-25/ty-article/.premium/u-s-reform-movement-leader-to-israelis-your-diaspora-siblings-are-in-solidarity-with-you/00000186-899c-d5bf-adb6-af9e93100000">Archived</a> from the original on 25 February 2023. Retrieved 25 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=U.S.+Reform+Movement+Leader+to+Israelis%3A+Your+Diaspora+Siblings+Stand+in+Solidarity+With+You&rft.date=2023-02-25&rft.aulast=Maltz&rft.aufirst=Judy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2F2023-02-25%2Fty-article%2F.premium%2Fu-s-reform-movement-leader-to-israelis-your-diaspora-siblings-are-in-solidarity-with-you%2F00000186-899c-d5bf-adb6-af9e93100000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Netanyahu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-287"><a href="#cite_ref-287">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeingartenAppelbaum2023" class="citation news cs1">Weingarten, Randi; Appelbaum, Stuart (20 February 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/opinion/2023-02-20/ty-article-opinion/.premium/as-u-s-jews-and-union-leaders-we-see-the-dangers-of-israels-democratic-crisis/00000186-6f51-d7c1-a1ee-6f7fa8b50000">"As U.S. Jews and Union Leaders, We See the Dangers of Israel's Democratic Crisis"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230307222738/https://www.haaretz.com/opinion/2023-02-20/ty-article-opinion/.premium/as-u-s-jews-and-union-leaders-we-see-the-dangers-of-israels-democratic-crisis/00000186-6f51-d7c1-a1ee-6f7fa8b50000">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2023. Retrieved 21 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=As+U.S.+Jews+and+Union+Leaders%2C+We+See+the+Dangers+of+Israel%27s+Democratic+Crisis&rft.date=2023-02-20&rft.aulast=Weingarten&rft.aufirst=Randi&rft.au=Appelbaum%2C+Stuart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fopinion%2F2023-02-20%2Fty-article-opinion%2F.premium%2Fas-u-s-jews-and-union-leaders-we-see-the-dangers-of-israels-democratic-crisis%2F00000186-6f51-d7c1-a1ee-6f7fa8b50000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Netanyahu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-288"><a href="#cite_ref-288">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/us-news/2023-02-19/ty-article/.premium/200-u-s-jewish-scientists-call-on-netanyahu-govt-to-halt-judicial-overhaul-plan/00000186-6955-d772-a387-6f5db4ea0000">"200 U.S. Jewish Scientists Call on Netanyahu Gov't to Halt Judicial Overhaul Plan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a>. 19 February 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230219141207/https://www.haaretz.com/us-news/2023-02-19/ty-article/.premium/200-u-s-jewish-scientists-call-on-netanyahu-govt-to-halt-judicial-overhaul-plan/00000186-6955-d772-a387-6f5db4ea0000">Archived</a> from the original on 19 February 2023. Retrieved 20 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=200+U.S.+Jewish+Scientists+Call+on+Netanyahu+Gov%27t+to+Halt+Judicial+Overhaul+Plan&rft.date=2023-02-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fus-news%2F2023-02-19%2Fty-article%2F.premium%2F200-u-s-jewish-scientists-call-on-netanyahu-govt-to-halt-judicial-overhaul-plan%2F00000186-6955-d772-a387-6f5db4ea0000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Netanyahu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-289"><a href="#cite_ref-289">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/in-petition-leading-academics-warn-judicial-shakeup-will-harm-israels-security/">"In petition, leading academics warn judicial shakeup will harm Israel's security"</a>. The Times of Israel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230320133352/https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/in-petition-leading-academics-warn-judicial-shakeup-will-harm-israels-security/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 March 2023. Retrieved 9 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=In+petition%2C+leading+academics+warn+judicial+shakeup+will+harm+Israel%27s+security&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fliveblog_entry%2Fin-petition-leading-academics-warn-judicial-shakeup-will-harm-israels-security%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Netanyahu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-290"><a href="#cite_ref-290">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShani2023" class="citation news cs1">Shani, Ayelett (10 February 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2023-02-10/ty-article-magazine/.highlight/israels-government-has-neo-nazi-ministers-it-really-does-recall-germany-in-1933/00000186-3a49-d80f-abff-7ac9c7ff0000">"'Israel's Government Has neo-Nazi Ministers. It Really Does Recall Germany in 1933'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230307222553/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2023-02-10/ty-article-magazine/.highlight/israels-government-has-neo-nazi-ministers-it-really-does-recall-germany-in-1933/00000186-3a49-d80f-abff-7ac9c7ff0000?utm_source=App_Share&utm_medium=iOS_Native">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2023. Retrieved 12 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=%27Israel%27s+Government+Has+neo-Nazi+Ministers.+It+Really+Does+Recall+Germany+in+1933%27&rft.date=2023-02-10&rft.aulast=Shani&rft.aufirst=Ayelett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2F2023-02-10%2Fty-article-magazine%2F.highlight%2Fisraels-government-has-neo-nazi-ministers-it-really-does-recall-germany-in-1933%2F00000186-3a49-d80f-abff-7ac9c7ff0000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Netanyahu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-291"><a href="#cite_ref-291">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSamuels2023" class="citation news cs1">Samuels, Ben (19 February 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/us-news/2023-02-19/ty-article/.premium/equating-israeli-and-iranian-protests-u-s-lawmakers-slam-netanyahus-judicial-overhaul/00000186-6976-d7c4-a187-f976d4e70000">"Equating Israeli and Iranian Protests, U.S. Lawmakers Slam Netanyahu's Judicial Overhaul"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230219234122/https://www.haaretz.com/us-news/2023-02-19/ty-article/.premium/equating-israeli-and-iranian-protests-u-s-lawmakers-slam-netanyahus-judicial-overhaul/00000186-6976-d7c4-a187-f976d4e70000">Archived</a> from the original on 19 February 2023. Retrieved 19 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Equating+Israeli+and+Iranian+Protests%2C+U.S.+Lawmakers+Slam+Netanyahu%27s+Judicial+Overhaul&rft.date=2023-02-19&rft.aulast=Samuels&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fus-news%2F2023-02-19%2Fty-article%2F.premium%2Fequating-israeli-and-iranian-protests-u-s-lawmakers-slam-netanyahus-judicial-overhaul%2F00000186-6976-d7c4-a187-f976d4e70000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Netanyahu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-292"><a href="#cite_ref-292">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHendrix2023" class="citation news cs1">Hendrix, Steve (25 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/03/25/israel-defense-minister-yoav-gallant-netanyahu/">"Israeli defense minister calls on Netanyahu to halt overhaul of courts"</a>. Washington Post. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326153125/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/03/25/israel-defense-minister-yoav-gallant-netanyahu/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Israeli+defense+minister+calls+on+Netanyahu+to+halt+overhaul+of+courts&rft.date=2023-03-25&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft.aulast=Hendrix&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2F2023%2F03%2F25%2Fisrael-defense-minister-yoav-gallant-netanyahu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Netanyahu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-293"><a href="#cite_ref-293">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHendrixRubin2023" class="citation news cs1">Hendrix, Steve; Rubin, Shira (27 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/03/26/israel-netanyahu-gallant-defense-minister/">"Netanyahu fires defense minister who called for halt to judicial overhaul"</a>. Washington Post. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230608195623/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/03/26/israel-netanyahu-gallant-defense-minister/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 June 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Netanyahu+fires+defense+minister+who+called+for+halt+to+judicial+overhaul&rft.date=2023-03-27&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft.aulast=Hendrix&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft.au=Rubin%2C+Shira&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2F2023%2F03%2F26%2Fisrael-netanyahu-gallant-defense-minister%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Netanyahu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-294"><a href="#cite_ref-294">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKernan2023" class="citation news cs1">McKernan, Bethan (27 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/mar/27/israel-netanyahu-judiciary-plans-halt">"Israel: Netanyahu announces delay to judicial overhaul plan"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230328030213/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/mar/27/israel-netanyahu-judiciary-plans-halt">Archived</a> from the original on 28 March 2023. Retrieved 28 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Israel%3A+Netanyahu+announces+delay+to+judicial+overhaul+plan&rft.date=2023-03-27&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=McKernan&rft.aufirst=Bethan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2023%2Fmar%2F27%2Fisrael-netanyahu-judiciary-plans-halt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Netanyahu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-295"><a href="#cite_ref-295">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2023-02-27/ty-article/.premium/u-s-announced-israeli-settlement-freeze-netanyahu-rushed-to-deny-it/00000186-926e-d064-afde-f7fed8d50000">"U.S. Announced Israeli Settlement Freeze, Netanyahu Rushed to Deny It"</a>. 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Retrieved 7 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=U.S.+Announced+Israeli+Settlement+Freeze%2C+Netanyahu+Rushed+to+Deny+It&rft.date=2023-02-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2F2023-02-27%2Fty-article%2F.premium%2Fu-s-announced-israeli-settlement-freeze-netanyahu-rushed-to-deny-it%2F00000186-926e-d064-afde-f7fed8d50000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Netanyahu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-296"><a href="#cite_ref-296">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharon2023" class="citation web cs1">Sharon, Jeremy (23 February 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/smotrich-handed-sweeping-powers-over-west-bank-control-over-settlement-planning/">"Smotrich handed sweeping powers over West Bank, control over settlement planning"</a>. 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Retrieved 7 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Smotrich+handed+sweeping+powers+over+West+Bank%2C+control+over+settlement+planning&rft.date=2023-02-23&rft.aulast=Sharon&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fsmotrich-handed-sweeping-powers-over-west-bank-control-over-settlement-planning%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Netanyahu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-297"><a href="#cite_ref-297">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGreal2023" class="citation news cs1">McGreal, Chris (24 February 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/feb/24/former-us-ambassador-accuses-israel-creeping-annexation-west-bank-israel-palestinians">"Former US ambassador accuses Israel of 'creeping annexation' of the West Bank"</a>. 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Retrieved 7 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Former+US+ambassador+accuses+Israel+of+%27creeping+annexation%27+of+the+West+Bank&rft.date=2023-02-24&rft.aulast=McGreal&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2023%2Ffeb%2F24%2Fformer-us-ambassador-accuses-israel-creeping-annexation-west-bank-israel-palestinians&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Netanyahu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-298"><a href="#cite_ref-298">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2023-03-21/ty-article/.premium/u-s-denounces-provocative-settlement-law-slams-smotrichs-comments-on-palestinians/00000187-0570-dde5-ab8f-277c93490000">"U.S. Denounces 'Provocative' Settlement Law, Slams Smotrich's 'Dangerous' Comments on Palestinians"</a>. 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Retrieved 7 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=U.S.+Denounces+%27Provocative%27+Settlement+Law%2C+Slams+Smotrich%27s+%27Dangerous%27+Comments+on+Palestinians&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2F2023-03-21%2Fty-article%2F.premium%2Fu-s-denounces-provocative-settlement-law-slams-smotrichs-comments-on-palestinians%2F00000187-0570-dde5-ab8f-277c93490000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Netanyahu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-299"><a href="#cite_ref-299">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2023/06/20/israeli-government-takes-major-step-toward-west-bank-annexation_6034532_4.html">"Israeli government takes major step toward West Bank annexation"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Le_Monde" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a>. 21 June 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231008061731/https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2023/06/20/israeli-government-takes-major-step-toward-west-bank-annexation_6034532_4.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Israeli+government+takes+major+step+toward+West+Bank+annexation&rft.date=2023-06-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fen%2Finternational%2Farticle%2F2023%2F06%2F20%2Fisraeli-government-takes-major-step-toward-west-bank-annexation_6034532_4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Netanyahu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-300"><a href="#cite_ref-300">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharon2023" class="citation web cs1">Sharon, Jeremy (18 June 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/netanyahu-hands-smotrich-full-authority-to-expand-existing-settlements/">"Netanyahu hands Smotrich full authority to expand existing settlements"</a>. 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Retrieved 11 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=Israel%27s+Netanyahu+concerned+its+defense+systems+may+reach+Iran+if+sent+to+Ukraine&rft.date=2023-06-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2023%2F06%2F29%2Fisraels-netanyahu-concerned-its-defense-systems-may-reach-iran-if-sent-to-ukraine.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Netanyahu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-302"><a href="#cite_ref-302">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2023/10/07/middleeast/sirens-israel-rocket-attack-gaza-intl-hnk/index.html">"Netanyahu says Israel is 'at war' as Palestinian militants launch surprise air and ground attack from Gaza"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. 7 October 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231008010528/https://www.cnn.com/2023/10/07/middleeast/sirens-israel-rocket-attack-gaza-intl-hnk/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Netanyahu+says+Israel+is+%27at+war%27+as+Palestinian+militants+launch+surprise+air+and+ground+attack+from+Gaza&rft.date=2023-10-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2023%2F10%2F07%2Fmiddleeast%2Fsirens-israel-rocket-attack-gaza-intl-hnk%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Netanyahu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-303"><a href="#cite_ref-303">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ynetnews.com/article/skforn1za">"Netanyahu: We will turn places where Hamas is hiding into 'cities of ruins'"</a>. 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Retrieved 15 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ynetnews&rft.atitle=Netanyahu%3A+We+will+turn+places+where+Hamas+is+hiding+into+%27cities+of+ruins%27&rft.date=2023-10-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Farticle%2Fskforn1za&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Netanyahu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-304"><a href="#cite_ref-304">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/netanyahu-offers-lapid-gantz-to-join-him-in-emergency-unity-government/">"Netanyahu offers Lapid, Gantz to join him in emergency unity government"</a>. www.timesofisrael.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231007182953/https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/netanyahu-offers-lapid-gantz-to-join-him-in-emergency-unity-government/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.timesofisrael.com&rft.atitle=Netanyahu+offers+Lapid%2C+Gantz+to+join+him+in+emergency+unity+government&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fliveblog_entry%2Fnetanyahu-offers-lapid-gantz-to-join-him-in-emergency-unity-government%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Netanyahu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-305"><a href="#cite_ref-305">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeller-Lynn" class="citation web cs1">Keller-Lynn, Carrie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/lapid-urges-emergency-government-says-pm-cant-manage-war-with-extreme-cabinet/">"Lapid urges emergency government, says PM can't manage war with extreme cabinet"</a>. www.timesofisrael.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231007182954/https://www.timesofisrael.com/lapid-urges-emergency-government-says-pm-cant-manage-war-with-extreme-cabinet/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 October 2023. 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Retrieved 17 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=PM+calls+Mubarak+to+clarify+stance&rft.date=2009-06-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FMiddleEast%2FArticle.aspx%3Fid%3D145545&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Netanyahu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-eu1-374">^ <a href="#cite_ref-eu1_374-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-eu1_374-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-eu1_374-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn2009" class="citation news cs1">John, Mark (15 June 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160102062917/http://in.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-40333120090615">"EU gives cautious welcome to Netanyahu speech"</a>. Reuters. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://in.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-40333120090615">the original</a> on 2 January 2016. Retrieved 16 March 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=EU+gives+cautious+welcome+to+Netanyahu+speech&rft.date=2009-06-15&rft.aulast=John&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fin.reuters.com%2Farticle%2FidINIndia-40333120090615&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Netanyahu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-375"><a href="#cite_ref-375">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120828090154/http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2009/06/14/white-house-reacts-to-netanyahus-speech/">"White House reacts to Netanyahu's speech"</a>. CNN. 14 June 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2009/06/14/white-house-reacts-to-netanyahus-speech/">the original</a> on 28 August 2012. Retrieved 16 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=White+House+reacts+to+Netanyahu%27s+speech&rft.date=2009-06-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpoliticalticker.blogs.cnn.com%2F2009%2F06%2F14%2Fwhite-house-reacts-to-netanyahus-speech%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Netanyahu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-haaretz.com-376">^ <a href="#cite_ref-haaretz.com_376-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-haaretz.com_376-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-haaretz.com_376-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRolnik2014" class="citation news cs1">Rolnik, Guy (11 April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/business/.premium-1.585126">"Netanyahu: Corporate media is responsible for Israeli crony capitalism"</a>. Haaretz.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Netanyahu%3A+Corporate+media+is+responsible+for+Israeli+crony+capitalism&rft.date=2014-04-11&rft.aulast=Rolnik&rft.aufirst=Guy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fbusiness%2F.premium-1.585126&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Netanyahu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-377"><a href="#cite_ref-377">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHofmann2016" class="citation book cs1">Hofmann, Sabine (12 April 2016) [2012]. "Regional Cooperation Under Conflict: Israeli–Arab Business Cooperation in the Middle East". In Harders, Cilja; Legrenzi, Matteo (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=g1oWULcHdZAC">Beyond Regionalism?: Regional Cooperation, Regionalism and Regionalization in the Middle East</a> (1st ed. ebook ed.). Burlington, Vermont: Ashgate Publishing Company. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=g1oWULcHdZAC&pg=PA191#v=onepage&q&f=false">191</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781315569253">10.4324/9781315569253</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-315-56925-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-315-56925-3"><bdi>978-1-315-56925-3</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Regional+Cooperation+Under+Conflict%3A+Israeli%E2%80%93Arab+Business+Cooperation+in+the+Middle+East&rft.btitle=Beyond+Regionalism%3F%3A+Regional+Cooperation%2C+Regionalism+and+Regionalization+in+the+Middle+East&rft.place=Burlington%2C+Vermont&rft.pages=191&rft.edition=1st+ed.+ebook&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2016-04-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9781315569253&rft.isbn=978-1-315-56925-3&rft.aulast=Hofmann&rft.aufirst=Sabine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dg1oWULcHdZAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Netanyahu" class="Z3988">, quoting <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="noharv" class="citation journal cs1">Barak, Jeff; Harman, Danna (11 May 1999). "'The only peace that will hold is a peace we can defend'". <a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a>. LXVII (20228): A8–A9, A14. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/1440970870">1440970870</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=%27The+only+peace+that+will+hold+is+a+peace+we+can+defend%27&rft.volume=LXVII&rft.issue=20228&rft.pages=A8-A9%2C+A14&rft.date=1999-05-11&rft.aulast=Barak&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft.au=Harman%2C+Danna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Netanyahu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-378"><a href="#cite_ref-378">^</a> Arik: The Life of Ariel Sharon, By David Landau (Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group 2014), Chapter 14 </li> <li id="cite_note-379"><a href="#cite_ref-379">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globes.co.il/en/article-1000016013">Foreign investment in Israel at record levels</a> Globes, 26 September 2005, Zeev Klein </li> <li id="cite_note-380"><a href="#cite_ref-380">^</a> The Political Right in Israel: Different Faces of Jewish Populism, by Dani Filc (Routledge, 2009), p. 65 </li> <li id="cite_note-Farrar,_Straus_and_Giroux-381">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Farrar,_Straus_and_Giroux_381-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Farrar,_Straus_and_Giroux_381-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fightingterroris00neta/page/19">Fighting Terrorism: How Democracies Can Defeat Domestic and International Terrorism</a>. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. 1995. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fightingterroris00neta/page/19">19</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-374-15492-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-374-15492-9"><bdi>978-0-374-15492-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fighting+Terrorism%3A+How+Democracies+Can+Defeat+Domestic+and+International+Terrorism&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=Farrar%2C+Straus+and+Giroux&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-374-15492-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffightingterroris00neta%2Fpage%2F19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Netanyahu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-382"><a href="#cite_ref-382">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Thomas_(author)" title="Gordon Thomas (author)">Thomas, Gordon</a>. Gideon's Spies: The Secret History of the Mossad, <a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Publishers" title="Macmillan Publishers">Macmillan Publishers</a> (2009) p. 145 [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">ISBN missing</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-383"><a href="#cite_ref-383">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fightingterroris00neta/page/8">Fighting Terrorism: How Democracies Can Defeat Domestic and International Terrorism</a>. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. 1995. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fightingterroris00neta/page/8">8–9</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-374-15492-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-374-15492-9"><bdi>978-0-374-15492-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fighting+Terrorism%3A+How+Democracies+Can+Defeat+Domestic+and+International+Terrorism&rft.pages=8-9&rft.pub=Farrar%2C+Straus+and+Giroux&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-374-15492-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffightingterroris00neta%2Fpage%2F8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Netanyahu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-384">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_384-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_384-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fightingterroris00neta/page/33">Fighting Terrorism: How Democracies Can Defeat Domestic and International Terrorism</a>. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. 1995. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fightingterroris00neta/page/33">33</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-374-15492-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-374-15492-9"><bdi>978-0-374-15492-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fighting+Terrorism%3A+How+Democracies+Can+Defeat+Domestic+and+International+Terrorism&rft.pages=33&rft.pub=Farrar%2C+Straus+and+Giroux&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-374-15492-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffightingterroris00neta%2Fpage%2F33&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Netanyahu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceB-385">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_385-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_385-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_385-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fightingterroris00neta/page/142">Fighting Terrorism: How Democracies Can Defeat Domestic and International Terrorism</a>. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. 1995. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fightingterroris00neta/page/142">142</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-374-15492-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-374-15492-9"><bdi>978-0-374-15492-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fighting+Terrorism%3A+How+Democracies+Can+Defeat+Domestic+and+International+Terrorism&rft.pages=142&rft.pub=Farrar%2C+Straus+and+Giroux&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-374-15492-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffightingterroris00neta%2Fpage%2F142&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Netanyahu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-star-386">^ <a href="#cite_ref-star_386-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-star_386-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-star_386-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMargolick1996" class="citation magazine cs1">Margolick, David (5 June 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vanityfair.com/news/1996/06/benjamin-netanyahu">"Star of Zion"</a>. Vanity Fair.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vanity+Fair&rft.atitle=Star+of+Zion&rft.date=1996-06-05&rft.aulast=Margolick&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vanityfair.com%2Fnews%2F1996%2F06%2Fbenjamin-netanyahu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Netanyahu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DeathPenaltyHalamish-387"><a href="#cite_ref-DeathPenaltyHalamish_387-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/netanyahu-demands-death-penalty-for-halamish-terrorist/">"Netanyahu demands death penalty for Halamish terrorist"</a>. The Times of Israel. 27 July 2017. Retrieved 27 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Netanyahu+demands+death+penalty+for+Halamish+terrorist&rft.date=2017-07-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fnetanyahu-demands-death-penalty-for-halamish-terrorist%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Netanyahu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-388"><a href="#cite_ref-388">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/liberman-to-advance-bill-setting-death-penalty-for-terrorists/">"Israeli leaders push for 'terrorist' death penalty"</a>. The Times of Israel. Agence France-Presse. 17 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Israeli+leaders+push+for+%27terrorist%27+death+penalty&rft.date=2017-12-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fliberman-to-advance-bill-setting-death-penalty-for-terrorists%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Netanyahu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-389"><a href="#cite_ref-389">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.faz.net/1.5347505">"Gesetzesinitiative: Israel will Todesstrafe für Terroristen einführen"</a>. Faz.net – via www.faz.net.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Faz.net&rft.atitle=Gesetzesinitiative%3A+Israel+will+Todesstrafe+f%C3%BCr+Terroristen+einf%C3%BChren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.faz.net%2F1.5347505&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Netanyahu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-390"><a href="#cite_ref-390">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-israel-palestinians-deathpenalty/israeli-death-penalty-advocates-win-preliminary-vote-in-parliament-idUSKBN1ES1DT">"Israeli death penalty advocates win preliminary vote in parliament"</a>. 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Ynet.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ynet&rft.atitle=%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%A2+%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%99+%D7%94%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%94%3A+%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%91+%D7%9C%D7%91+%D7%94%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%AA%D7%9C+%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%94+%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95%2C+%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9F+%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%90+%D7%90%D7%AA+%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95&rft.date=2023-07-22&rft.aulast=%D7%90%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%A8&rft.aufirst=%D7%90%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%A8&rft.au=%D7%90%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%99%2C+%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%9F&rft.au=%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%95%2C+%D7%90%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynet.co.il%2Fnews%2Farticle%2Fbjmjnatq3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Netanyahu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-503"><a href="#cite_ref-503">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.israelhayom.co.il/health/article/14419313">"קוצב הלב שהושתל לנתניהו מיועד ל"מדוכאי חיסון" – והוא איננו בסל הבריאות | ישראל היום"</a>. www.israelhayom.co.il. 14 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.israelhayom.co.il&rft.atitle=%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%91+%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%91+%D7%A9%D7%94%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%AA%D7%9C+%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95+%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%93+%D7%9C%22%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%90%D7%99+%D7%97%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9F%22+%E2%80%93+%D7%95%D7%94%D7%95%D7%90+%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A0%D7%95+%D7%91%D7%A1%D7%9C+%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA+%26%23124%3B+%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C+%D7%94%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D&rft.date=2023-09-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.israelhayom.co.il%2Fhealth%2Farticle%2F14419313&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Netanyahu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-504"><a href="#cite_ref-504">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/israel-netanyahu-hamas-war-health-heart-hernia-surgery-8e6f968bb0a0b5947e82c3b2e25ccf50">"Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu is to undergo hernia surgery"</a>. Associated Press. 1 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Israeli+Prime+Minister+Netanyahu+is+to+undergo+hernia+surgery&rft.date=2024-04-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fisrael-netanyahu-hamas-war-health-heart-hernia-surgery-8e6f968bb0a0b5947e82c3b2e25ccf50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Netanyahu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-505"><a href="#cite_ref-505">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m.digi24.ro/stiri/externe/mapamond/sanatatea-premierului-israelian-sta-in-mainile-unui-medic-roman-325112">"Sănătatea premierului israelian stă în mâinile unui medic român"</a>. 23 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=S%C4%83n%C4%83tatea+premierului+israelian+st%C4%83+%C3%AEn+m%C3%A2inile+unui+medic+rom%C3%A2n&rft.date=2014-11-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fm.digi24.ro%2Fstiri%2Fexterne%2Fmapamond%2Fsanatatea-premierului-israelian-sta-in-mainile-unui-medic-roman-325112&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Netanyahu" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li>Caspit, Ben. The Netanyahu Years (2017) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Netanyahu-Years-Ben-Caspit/dp/1250087058/">excerpt</a></li> <li>Medzini, Meron. "Rabin and Hussein: From Enemies at War to Partners in Peace." in The Palgrave Handbook of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (Palgrave Macmillan, 2019) pp. 435–446.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anshel_Pfeffer" title="Anshel Pfeffer">Anshel Pfeffer</a> (2018). Bibi: The Turbulent Life and Times of Benjamin Netanyahu, <a href="/wiki/Basic_Books" title="Basic Books">Basic Books</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-465-09782-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-465-09782-1">978-0-465-09782-1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Freedland" title="Jonathan Freedland">Jonathan Freedland</a>, "Trump's Chaver in Jerusalem" (review of <a href="/wiki/Anshel_Pfeffer" title="Anshel Pfeffer">Anshel Pfeffer</a>, Bibi: The Turbulent Life and Times of Benjamin Netanyahu, Basic Books, 2018), <a href="/wiki/New_York_Review_of_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Review of Books">New York Review of Books</a>, vol. LXV, no 13 (16 August 2018), pp. 32–34.</li> <li>Adam Shatz, "The sea is the same sea" (review of <a href="/wiki/Anshel_Pfeffer" title="Anshel Pfeffer">Anshel Pfeffer</a>, Bibi: The Turbulent Life and Times of Benjamin Netanyahu, Hurst, May 2018, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84904-988-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84904-988-7">978-1-84904-988-7</a>), <a href="/wiki/London_Review_of_Books" title="London Review of Books">London Review of Books</a>, vol. 40, no. 16 (30 August 2018), pp. 24, 26–28.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Remnick" title="David Remnick">Remnick, David</a>, "Hostages: As Benjamin Netanyahu clings to power, his country pays a price", <a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a>, 22 January 2024, pp. 26–39. "[Netanyahu's] highest priority... appeared [to be] to shake free of a series of criminal corruption indictments; he had been charged with everything from accepting illegal gifts... to making a shady deal with a media baron to win favorable coverage.... Netanyahu reclaimed the one position that provided refuge from prosecution... At the end of 2022, he forged a hard-right coalition that allowed him to return as Prime Minister. He brought into the fold... reactionaries [who] endorse the full annexation of the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> and have recently called for the expulsion of <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza</a>'s [Palestinian] population. Netanyahu also pushed a wildly contentious 'judiical reform' law [which] perhaps more than half the country... feared... would undermine the Supreme Court, the <a href="/wiki/Balance_of_powers" class="mw-redirect" title="Balance of powers">balance of powers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">democracy</a> itself." (pp. 32–33.)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style 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Wikisource</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43723" class="extiw" title="d:Q43723">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.netanyahu.org.il">Official website</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43723#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" 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.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Benjamin_Netanyahu" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Template:Benjamin Netanyahu"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Template talk:Benjamin Netanyahu"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Benjamin Netanyahu"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Benjamin_Netanyahu" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Benjamin Netanyahu</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Israel" title="List of prime ministers of Israel">9th</a> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Israel" title="Prime Minister of Israel">Prime Minister of Israel</a> (1996–1999; 2009–2021; 2022–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Israel)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Israel)">Leader of the Opposition</a> (1993–1996; 2006–2009; 2021–2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Likud" title="Likud">Chairman of Likud</a> (1993–1999, 2005–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Premiership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Governments <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-seventh_government_of_Israel" title="Twenty-seventh government of Israel">27</a> (1996–1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty-second_government_of_Israel" title="Thirty-second government of Israel">32</a> (2009–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty-third_government_of_Israel" title="Thirty-third government of Israel">33</a> (2013–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty-fourth_government_of_Israel" title="Thirty-fourth government of Israel">34</a> (2015–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty-fifth_government_of_Israel" title="Thirty-fifth government of Israel">35</a> (2020–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty-seventh_government_of_Israel" title="Thirty-seventh government of Israel">37</a> (2022–2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_war_cabinet" title="Israeli war cabinet">38 (war cabinet)</a> (2023–)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Gaza_War" title="2014 Gaza War">2014 Gaza War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%932022_Israeli_political_crisis" title="2018–2022 Israeli political crisis">2018–2022 Israeli political crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Accords" title="Abraham Accords">Abraham Accords</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain%E2%80%93Israel_normalization_agreement" title="Bahrain–Israel normalization agreement">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93United_Arab_Emirates_normalization_agreement" title="Israel–United Arab Emirates normalization agreement">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Morocco_normalization_agreement" title="Israel–Morocco normalization agreement">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Sudan_normalization_agreement" title="Israel–Sudan normalization agreement">Sudan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Israel_Guarantees" title="Operation Israel Guarantees">Operation Israel Guarantees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Israeli_judicial_reform" title="2023 Israeli judicial reform">2023 Israeli judicial reform</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Israeli_judicial_reform_protests" title="2023 Israeli judicial reform protests">protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_2023_Israeli_judicial_reform" title="Reactions to the 2023 Israeli judicial reform">reactions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Israel–Hamas war">Israel–Hamas war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_drone_attack_on_Benjamin_Netanyahu%27s_residence" title="2024 drone attack on Benjamin Netanyahu's residence">2024 drone attack on Benjamin Netanyahu's residence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Israeli_secret_document_leak_scandal" title="2024 Israeli secret document leak scandal">2024 Israeli secret document leak scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_prime_ministerial_trips_made_by_Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="List of international prime ministerial trips made by Benjamin Netanyahu">International trips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_arrest_warrants_for_Israeli_figures" title="International Criminal Court arrest warrants for Israeli figures">Arrest warrant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Likud leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1993_Likud_leadership_election" title="1993 Likud leadership election">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_1999_Likud_leadership_election" title="January 1999 Likud leadership election">January 1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Likud_leadership_election" title="2002 Likud leadership election">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Likud_leadership_election" title="2005 Likud leadership election">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Likud_leadership_election" title="2007 Likud leadership election">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Likud_leadership_election" title="2012 Likud leadership election">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Likud_leadership_election" title="2014 Likud leadership election">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Likud_leadership_election" title="2019 Likud leadership election">2019</a> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Knesset</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1996_Israeli_general_election" title="1996 Israeli general election">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Israeli_general_election" title="1999 Israeli general election">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Israeli_legislative_election" title="2009 Israeli legislative election">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Israeli_legislative_election" title="2013 Israeli legislative election">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Israeli_legislative_election" title="2015 Israeli legislative election">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2019_Israeli_legislative_election" title="April 2019 Israeli legislative election">April 2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2019_Israeli_legislative_election" title="September 2019 Israeli legislative election">September 2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Israeli_legislative_election" title="2020 Israeli legislative election">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Israeli_legislative_election" title="2021 Israeli legislative election">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Israeli_legislative_election" title="2022 Israeli legislative election">2022</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sara_Netanyahu" title="Sara Netanyahu">Sara Netanyahu</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yair_Netanyahu" title="Yair Netanyahu">Yair Netanyahu</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avner_Netanyahu" title="Avner Netanyahu">Avner Netanyahu</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzion_Netanyahu" title="Benzion Netanyahu">Benzion Netanyahu</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yonatan_Netanyahu" title="Yonatan Netanyahu">Yonatan Netanyahu</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iddo_Netanyahu" title="Iddo Netanyahu">Iddo Netanyahu</a> (brother)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Trial of Benjamin Netanyahu">Trial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Project_315" title="Project 315">Project 315</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_protests_against_Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="2020–2021 protests against Benjamin Netanyahu">2020–2021 protests against Benjamin Netanyahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Clean_Break:_A_New_Strategy_for_Securing_the_Realm" title="A Clean Break: A New Strategy for Securing the Realm">A Clean Break: A New Strategy for Securing the Realm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Netanyahus" title="The Netanyahus">The Netanyahus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bibi_Files" title="The Bibi Files">The Bibi Files</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Category:Benjamin Netanyahu">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="People_publicly_indicted_in_the_International_Criminal_Court" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:ICC_indictees_(NavBox)" title="Template:ICC indictees (NavBox)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:ICC_indictees_(NavBox)" title="Template talk:ICC indictees (NavBox)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:ICC_indictees_(NavBox)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:ICC indictees (NavBox)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="People_publicly_indicted_in_the_International_Criminal_Court" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_indicted_in_the_International_Criminal_Court" title="List of people indicted in the International Criminal Court">People publicly indicted in the International Criminal Court</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Italics and (*) indicate that a person was convicted by the ICC and that the conviction remains valid; a name in (parentheses) indicates that charges were dropped or a conviction was overturned; † indicates a person deceased before or during trial; (x) after a name indicates that the case was closed by the ICC because of a national-level trial of the accused</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central African Republic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Bemba" title="Jean-Pierre Bemba">Jean-Pierre Bemba</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noureddine_Adam" title="Noureddine Adam">Noureddine Adam</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Maxime_Mokom" title="Maxime Mokom">Maxime Mokom</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrice-Edouard_Nga%C3%AFssona" title="Patrice-Edouard Ngaïssona">Patrice-Edouard Ngaïssona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahamat_Said_Abdel_Kani" title="Mahamat Said Abdel Kani">Mahamat Said Abdel Kani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Yekatom" title="Alfred Yekatom">Alfred Yekatom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="International Criminal Court investigation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Germain_Katanga" title="Germain Katanga">Germain Katanga</a> (*)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lubanga_Dyilo" title="Thomas Lubanga Dyilo">Thomas Lubanga Dyilo</a> (*)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Callixte_Mbarushimana" title="Callixte Mbarushimana">Callixte Mbarushimana</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvestre_Mudacumura" title="Sylvestre Mudacumura">Sylvestre Mudacumura</a>†</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Mathieu_Ngudjolo_Chui" title="Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui">Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosco_Ntaganda" title="Bosco Ntaganda">Bosco Ntaganda</a> (*)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Darfur" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Darfur">Darfur, Sudan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Bahr_Idriss_Abu_Garda" title="Bahr Idriss Abu Garda">Bahr Abu Garda</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdallah_Banda" title="Abdallah Banda">Abdallah Banda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_al-Bashir" title="Omar al-Bashir">Omar al-Bashir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Haroun" title="Ahmed Haroun">Ahmed Haroun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdel_Rahim_Mohammed_Hussein" title="Abdel Rahim Mohammed Hussein">Abdel Rahim Hussein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saleh_Jerbo" title="Saleh Jerbo">Saleh Jerbo</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Kushayb" title="Ali Kushayb">Ali Kushayb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Georgia" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Georgia">Georgia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Sanakoev" title="David Sanakoev">David Sanakoev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Mindzaev" title="Mikhail Mindzaev">Mikhail Mindzaev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamlet_Guchmazov" title="Hamlet Guchmazov">Hamlet Guchmazov</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ivory Coast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bl%C3%A9_Goud%C3%A9" title="Charles Blé Goudé">Charles Blé Goudé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo" title="Laurent Gbagbo">Laurent Gbagbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simone_Gbagbo" title="Simone Gbagbo">Simone Gbagbo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Kenya" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Kenya">Kenya</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Hussein_Ali" title="Mohammed Hussein Ali">Mohammed Ali</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Uhuru_Kenyatta" title="Uhuru Kenyatta">Uhuru Kenyatta</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Henry_Kosgey" title="Henry Kosgey">Henry Kosgey</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Francis_Muthaura" title="Francis Muthaura">Francis Muthaura</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/William_Ruto" title="William Ruto">William Ruto</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Joshua_Sang" title="Joshua Sang">Joshua Sang</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Gicheru" title="Paul Gicheru">Paul Gicheru</a>†</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Libya" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Libya">Libya</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Muammar Gaddafi">Muammar Gaddafi</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi" title="Saif al-Islam Gaddafi">Saif al-Islam Gaddafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Senussi" title="Abdullah Senussi">Abdullah Senussi</a> (x)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tohami_Khaled" title="Tohami Khaled">Tohami Khaled</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_al-Werfalli" title="Mahmoud al-Werfalli">Mahmoud al-Werfalli</a>†</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Mali" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Mali">Mali</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iyad_Ag_Ghaly" title="Iyad Ag Ghaly">Iyad Ag Ghaly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Faqi_al-Mahdi" title="Ahmad al-Faqi al-Mahdi">Ahmad al-Faqi al-Mahdi</a> (*)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hassan_Ag_Abdoul_Aziz" title="Al-Hassan Ag Abdoul Aziz">al-Hassan Ag Abdoul Aziz</a> (*)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Palestine" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Palestine">Palestine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Deif" title="Mohammed Deif">Mohammed Deif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoav_Gallant" title="Yoav Gallant">Yoav Gallant</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Benjamin Netanyahu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Uganda" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Uganda">Uganda</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Kony" title="Joseph Kony">Joseph Kony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raska_Lukwiya" title="Raska Lukwiya">Raska Lukwiya</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okot_Odhiambo" title="Okot Odhiambo">Okot Odhiambo</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominic_Ongwen" title="Dominic Ongwen">Dominic Ongwen</a> (*)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Otti" title="Vincent Otti">Vincent Otti</a>†</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Ukraine" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Valery_Gerasimov" title="Valery Gerasimov">Valery Gerasimov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Kobylash" title="Sergey Kobylash">Sergey Kobylash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Lvova-Belova" title="Maria Lvova-Belova">Maria Lvova-Belova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Shoigu" title="Sergei Shoigu">Sergei Shoigu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Sokolov_(naval_officer)" title="Viktor Sokolov (naval officer)">Viktor Sokolov</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Succession_boxes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Succession_boxes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Succession boxes</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Shamir" title="Yitzhak Shamir">Yitzhak Shamir</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Likud" title="Likud">Chairman of Likud</a> 1993–1999 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ariel_Sharon" title="Ariel Sharon">Ariel Sharon</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ariel_Sharon" title="Ariel Sharon">Ariel Sharon</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Likud" title="Likud">Chairman of Likud</a> 2005–present </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Incumbent </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Shamir" title="Yitzhak Shamir">Yitzhak Shamir</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Israel)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Israel)">Leader of the Opposition</a> 1993–1996 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Shimon Peres</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Shimon Peres</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Israel" title="Prime Minister of Israel">Prime Minister of Israel</a> 1996–1999 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ehud_Barak" title="Ehud Barak">Ehud Barak</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ariel_Sharon" title="Ariel Sharon">Ariel Sharon</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Israel)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Israel)">Minister of Foreign Affairs</a> 2002–2003 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Silvan_Shalom" title="Silvan Shalom">Silvan Shalom</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Silvan_Shalom" title="Silvan Shalom">Silvan Shalom</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(Israel)" title="Ministry of Finance (Israel)">Minister of Finance</a> 2003–2005 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ehud_Olmert" title="Ehud Olmert">Ehud Olmert</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Amir_Peretz" title="Amir Peretz">Amir Peretz</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Israel)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Israel)">Leader of the Opposition</a> 2006–2009 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Tzipi_Livni" title="Tzipi Livni">Tzipi Livni</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ehud_Olmert" title="Ehud Olmert">Ehud Olmert</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Israel" title="Prime Minister of Israel">Prime Minister of Israel</a> 2009–2021 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Naftali_Bennett" title="Naftali Bennett">Naftali Bennett</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Yair_Lapid" title="Yair Lapid">Yair Lapid</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Israel)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Israel)">Leader of the Opposition</a> 2021–2022 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Yair_Lapid" title="Yair Lapid">Yair Lapid</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prime_Ministers_of_Israel_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Israel&#124;link=Israel" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Israeli_Prime_Ministers" title="Template:Israeli Prime Ministers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Israeli_Prime_Ministers" title="Template talk:Israeli Prime Ministers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Israeli_Prime_Ministers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Israeli Prime Ministers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prime_Ministers_of_Israel_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Israel&#124;link=Israel" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Israel" title="Prime Minister of Israel">Prime Ministers of Israel</a> <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion" title="David Ben-Gurion">Ben-Gurion</a> (1948–53)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Sharett" title="Moshe Sharett">Sharett</a> (1953–55)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion" title="David Ben-Gurion">Ben-Gurion</a> (1955–63)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi_Eshkol" title="Levi Eshkol">Eshkol</a> (1963–69)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yigal_Allon" title="Yigal Allon">Allon</a> (acting, 1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golda_Meir" title="Golda Meir">Meir</a> (1969–74)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Rabin</a> (1974–77)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin">Begin</a> (1977–83)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Shamir" title="Yitzhak Shamir">Shamir</a> (1983–84)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Peres</a> (1984–86)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Shamir" title="Yitzhak Shamir">Shamir</a> (1986–92)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Rabin</a> (1992–95)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Peres</a> (1995–96)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Netanyahu</a> (1996–99)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ehud_Barak" title="Ehud Barak">Barak</a> (1999–2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_Sharon" title="Ariel Sharon">Sharon</a> (2001–06)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ehud_Olmert" title="Ehud Olmert">Olmert</a> (2006–09)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Netanyahu</a> (2009–21)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naftali_Bennett" title="Naftali Bennett">Bennett</a> (2021–22)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yair_Lapid" title="Yair Lapid">Lapid</a> (2022)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Netanyahu</a> (2022—present)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/40px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/60px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/80px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="1071" /></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Current_heads_of_government" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Current_heads_of_government" title="Template:Current heads of government"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Current_heads_of_government" title="Template talk:Current heads of government"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Current_heads_of_government" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Current heads of government"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Current_heads_of_government" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_heads_of_state_and_government" title="List of current heads of state and government">Current heads of government</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria"><img alt="Algeria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nadir_Larbaoui" title="Nadir Larbaoui">Larbaoui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso"><img alt="Burkina Faso" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/23px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/35px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/45px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Apollinaire_J._Ky%C3%A9lem_de_Tamb%C3%A8la" title="Apollinaire J. Kyélem de Tambèla">Tambèla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi"><img alt="Burundi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/23px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/35px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/46px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gervais_Ndirakobuca" title="Gervais Ndirakobuca">Ndirakobuca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon"><img alt="Cameroon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Ngute" title="Joseph Ngute">Ngute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde"><img alt="Cape Verde" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ulisses_Correia_e_Silva" title="Ulisses Correia e Silva">Correia e Silva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic"><img alt="Central African Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Moloua" title="Félix Moloua">Moloua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad"><img alt="Chad" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Allamaye_Halina" title="Allamaye Halina">Halina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo"><img alt="Democratic Republic of the Congo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/31px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Judith_Suminwa" title="Judith Suminwa">Suminwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Republic of the Congo"><img alt="Republic of the Congo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Anatole_Collinet_Makosso" title="Anatole Collinet Makosso">Makosso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti"><img alt="Djibouti" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/23px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/35px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/45px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Abdoulkader_Kamil_Mohamed" title="Abdoulkader Kamil Mohamed">Mohamed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt"><img alt="Egypt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mostafa_Madbouly" title="Mostafa Madbouly">Madbouly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea"><img alt="Equatorial Guinea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/45px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Osa_Nsue_Nsua" title="Manuel Osa Nsue Nsua">Osa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini"><img alt="Eswatini" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/23px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/35px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/45px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Russell_Dlamini" title="Russell Dlamini">Dlamini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia"><img alt="Ethiopia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Abiy_Ahmed" title="Abiy Ahmed">Ahmed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon"><img alt="Gabon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/20px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/31px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/40px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Ndong_Sima" title="Raymond Ndong Sima">Sima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea"><img alt="Guinea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/45px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bah_Oury" title="Bah Oury">Oury</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau"><img alt="Guinea-Bissau" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Rui_Duarte_de_Barros" title="Rui Duarte de Barros">Duarte de Barros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast"><img alt="Ivory Coast" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/23px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/35px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/45px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Beugr%C3%A9_Mamb%C3%A9" title="Robert Beugré Mambé">Beugre Mambe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya"><img alt="Libya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hamid_Dbeibeh" title="Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh">Dbeibeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho"><img alt="Lesotho" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sam_Matekane" title="Sam Matekane">Matekane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar"><img alt="Madagascar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Christian_Ntsay" title="Christian Ntsay">Ntsay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali"><img alt="Mali" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Choguel_Kokalla_Ma%C3%AFga" title="Choguel Kokalla Maïga">Maïga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania"><img alt="Mauritania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mokhtar_Ould_Djay" title="Mokhtar Ould Djay">Djay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius"><img alt="Mauritius" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Pravind_Jugnauth" title="Pravind Jugnauth">Jugnauth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco"><img alt="Morocco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Aziz_Akhannouch" title="Aziz Akhannouch">Akhannouch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique"><img alt="Mozambique" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Adriano_Maleiane" title="Adriano Maleiane">Maleiane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia"><img alt="Namibia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Saara_Kuugongelwa" title="Saara Kuugongelwa">Kuugongelwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger"><img alt="Niger" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/18px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/27px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/35px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ali_Lamine_Zeine" title="Ali Lamine Zeine">Zeine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda"><img alt="Rwanda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Ngirente" title="Édouard Ngirente">Ngirente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic"><img alt="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bouchraya_Hammoudi_Bayoun" title="Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun">Bayoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé and Príncipe"><img alt="São Tomé and Príncipe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg/23px-Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg/35px-Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg/46px-Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Patrice_Trovoada" title="Patrice Trovoada">Trovoada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal"><img alt="Senegal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ousmane_Sonko" title="Ousmane Sonko">Sonko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone"><img alt="Sierra Leone" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/45px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/David_Moinina_Sengeh" title="David Moinina Sengeh">Sengeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia"><img alt="Somalia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hamza_Abdi_Barre" title="Hamza Abdi Barre">Barre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan"><img alt="Sudan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Osman_Hussein_(politician)" title="Osman Hussein (politician)">Hussein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania"><img alt="Tanzania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kassim_Majaliwa" title="Kassim Majaliwa">Majaliwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo"><img alt="Togo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Victoire_Tomegah_Dogb%C3%A9" title="Victoire Tomegah Dogbé">Dogbé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia"><img alt="Tunisia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kamel_Madouri" title="Kamel Madouri">Madouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda"><img alt="Uganda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Robinah_Nabbanja" title="Robinah Nabbanja">Nabbanja</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia"><img alt="Abkhazia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Ankvab" title="Alexander Ankvab">Ankvab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan"><img alt="Afghanistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hasan_Akhund" title="Hasan Akhund">Akhund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain"><img alt="Bahrain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Salman_bin_Hamad_Al_Khalifa" title="Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa">Al Khalifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh"><img alt="Bangladesh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Yunus" title="Muhammad Yunus">Yunus</a> (Acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan"><img alt="Bhutan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Tshering_Tobgay" title="Tshering Tobgay">Tobgay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei"><img alt="Brunei" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/35px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/46px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Al-Muhtadee_Billah" title="Al-Muhtadee Billah">Billah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia"><img alt="Cambodia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hun_Manet" title="Hun Manet">Manet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor"><img alt="East Timor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/23px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/35px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/46px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Xanana_Gusm%C3%A3o" title="Xanana Gusmão">Gusmão</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Modi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><img alt="Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Prabowo_Subianto" title="Prabowo Subianto">Prabowo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran"><img alt="Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Masoud_Pezeshkian" title="Masoud Pezeshkian">Pezeshkian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq"><img alt="Iraq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Shia%27_Al_Sudani" title="Mohammed Shia' Al Sudani">Sudani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Netanyahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Shigeru_Ishiba" title="Shigeru Ishiba">Ishiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan"><img alt="Jordan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jafar_Hassan" title="Jafar Hassan">Hassan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan"><img alt="Kazakhstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Oljas_Bektenov" title="Oljas Bektenov">Bektenov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait"><img alt="Kuwait" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Al-Abdullah_Al-Sabah" title="Ahmad Al-Abdullah Al-Sabah">Sabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan"><img alt="Kyrgyzstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Akylbek_Japarov" title="Akylbek Japarov">Japarov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos"><img alt="Laos" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/23px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/35px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/45px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sonexay_Siphandone" title="Sonexay Siphandone">Siphandone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon"><img alt="Lebanon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Najib_Mikati" title="Najib Mikati">Mikati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia"><img alt="Malaysia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Anwar_Ibrahim" title="Anwar Ibrahim">Anwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia"><img alt="Mongolia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Luvsannamsrain_Oyun-Erdene" title="Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene">Oyun-Erdene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar"><img alt="Myanmar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Min_Aung_Hlaing" title="Min Aung Hlaing">Min Aung Hlaing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal"><img alt="Nepal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/12px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/19px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/25px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" /></a> <a href="/wiki/K._P._Sharma_Oli" title="K. P. Sharma Oli">Oli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea"><img alt="North Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kim_Tok_Hun" class="mw-redirect" title="Kim Tok Hun">Kim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan"><img alt="Pakistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Shehbaz_Sharif" title="Shehbaz Sharif">Sharif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine"><img alt="State of Palestine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/46px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Mustafa_(economist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammad Mustafa (economist)">Mustafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines"><img alt="Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos">Marcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar"><img alt="Qatar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/46px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="550" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Abdulrahman_bin_Jassim_Al_Thani" title="Mohammed bin Abdulrahman bin Jassim Al Thani">Thani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia"><img alt="Saudi Arabia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Salman" title="Mohammed bin Salman">Salman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore"><img alt="Singapore" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Wong" title="Lawrence Wong">Wong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Yoon_Suk_Yeol" title="Yoon Suk Yeol">Yoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia"><img alt="South Ossetia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg/46px-Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Dzhussoev" title="Konstantin Dzhussoev">Dzhussoev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka"><img alt="Sri Lanka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Harini_Amarasuriya" title="Harini Amarasuriya">Amarasuriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria"><img alt="Syria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Ghazi_al-Jalali" title="Mohammad Ghazi al-Jalali">Al-Jalali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan"><img alt="Taiwan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Cho_Jung-tai" title="Cho Jung-tai">Cho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan"><img alt="Tajikistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kokhir_Rasulzoda" title="Kokhir Rasulzoda">Rasulzoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand"><img alt="Thailand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Paetongtarn_Shinawatra" title="Paetongtarn Shinawatra">Paetongtarn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates"><img alt="United Arab Emirates" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Rashid_Al_Maktoum" title="Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum">Al Maktoum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan"><img alt="Uzbekistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Abdulla_Aripov" title="Abdulla Aripov">Aripov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam"><img alt="Vietnam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%A1m_Minh_Ch%C3%ADnh" title="Phạm Minh Chính">Phạm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen"><img alt="Yemen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/45px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Awad_bin_Mubarak" title="Ahmad Awad bin Mubarak">Mubarak</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania"><img alt="Albania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/42px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Edi_Rama" title="Edi Rama">Rama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra"><img alt="Andorra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/22px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/33px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/43px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Xavier_Espot_Zamora" title="Xavier Espot Zamora">Espot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia"><img alt="Armenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nikol_Pashinyan" title="Nikol Pashinyan">Pashinyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Karl_Nehammer" title="Karl Nehammer">Nehammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan"><img alt="Azerbaijan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ali_Asadov" title="Ali Asadov">Asadov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Roman_Golovchenko" title="Roman Golovchenko">Golovchenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_De_Croo" title="Alexander De Croo">De Croo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina"><img alt="Bosnia and Herzegovina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Borjana_Kri%C5%A1to" title="Borjana Krišto">Krišto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Dimitar_Glavchev" title="Dimitar Glavchev">Glavchev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><img alt="Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Andrej_Plenkovi%C4%87" title="Andrej Plenković">Plenković</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic"><img alt="Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Petr_Fiala" title="Petr Fiala">Fiala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mette_Frederiksen" title="Mette Frederiksen">Frederiksen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia"><img alt="Estonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kristen_Michal" title="Kristen Michal">Michal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Petteri_Orpo" title="Petteri Orpo">Orpo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Michel_Barnier" title="Michel Barnier">Barnier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)"><img alt="Georgia (country)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Irakli_Kobakhidze" title="Irakli Kobakhidze">Kobakhidze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Olaf_Scholz" title="Olaf Scholz">Scholz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kyriakos_Mitsotakis" title="Kyriakos Mitsotakis">Mitsotakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Orb%C3%A1n" title="Viktor Orbán">Orbán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland"><img alt="Iceland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bjarni_Benediktsson_(born_1970)" title="Bjarni Benediktsson (born 1970)">Bjarni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland"><img alt="Republic of Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Simon_Harris" title="Simon Harris">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Giorgia_Meloni" title="Giorgia Meloni">Meloni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo"><img alt="Kosovo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/21px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/32px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/42px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Albin_Kurti" title="Albin Kurti">Kurti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia"><img alt="Latvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Evika_Sili%C5%86a" title="Evika Siliņa">Siliņa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein"><img alt="Liechtenstein" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/23px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/35px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/46px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Risch" title="Daniel Risch">Risch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ingrida_%C5%A0imonyt%C4%97" title="Ingrida Šimonytė">Šimonytė</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg"><img alt="Luxembourg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Luc_Frieden" title="Luc Frieden">Frieden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta"><img alt="Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Abela" title="Robert Abela">Abela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova"><img alt="Moldova" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/35px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/46px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Dorin_Recean" title="Dorin Recean">Recean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco"><img alt="Monaco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/19px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/29px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/38px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Didier_Guillaume" title="Didier Guillaume">Guillaume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro"><img alt="Montenegro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/35px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/46px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Milojko_Spaji%C4%87" title="Milojko Spajić">Spajić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Dick_Schoof" title="Dick Schoof">Schoof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia"><img alt="North Macedonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hristijan_Mickoski" title="Hristijan Mickoski">Mickoski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jonas_Gahr_St%C3%B8re" title="Jonas Gahr Støre">Støre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Tusk" title="Donald Tusk">Tusk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_Montenegro" title="Luís Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Ciolacu" title="Marcel Ciolacu">Ciolacu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Mishustin" title="Mikhail Mishustin">Mishustin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia"><img alt="Serbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Vu%C4%8Devi%C4%87" title="Miloš Vučević">Vučević</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Fico" title="Robert Fico">Fico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia"><img alt="Slovenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Golob" title="Robert Golob">Golob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Pedro Sánchez">Sánchez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ulf_Kristersson" title="Ulf Kristersson">Kristersson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland"><img alt="Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Rossi" title="Viktor Rossi">Rossi</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Erdoğan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Denys_Shmyhal" title="Denys Shmyhal">Shmyhal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Starmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City"><img alt="Vatican City" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Fernando_V%C3%A9rgez_Alzaga" title="Fernando Vérgez Alzaga">Vérgez Alzaga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba"><img alt="Aruba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Aruba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Aruba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Aruba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Aruba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Aruba.svg/45px-Flag_of_Aruba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Wever-Croes" title="Evelyn Wever-Croes">Wever-Croes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla"><img alt="Anguilla" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Anguilla.svg/23px-Flag_of_Anguilla.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Anguilla.svg/35px-Flag_of_Anguilla.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Anguilla.svg/46px-Flag_of_Anguilla.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ellis_Webster" title="Ellis Webster">Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda"><img alt="Antigua and Barbuda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gaston_Browne" title="Gaston Browne">Browne</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas"><img alt="The Bahamas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Philip_Davis_(Bahamian_politician)" title="Philip Davis (Bahamian politician)">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados"><img alt="Barbados" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Barbados.svg/23px-Flag_of_Barbados.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Barbados.svg/35px-Flag_of_Barbados.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Barbados.svg/45px-Flag_of_Barbados.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mia_Mottley" title="Mia Mottley">Mottley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda"><img alt="Bermuda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bermuda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bermuda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bermuda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bermuda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bermuda.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bermuda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Edward_David_Burt" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward David Burt">Burt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize"><img alt="Belize" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Brice%C3%B1o" title="Johnny Briceño">Briceño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands"><img alt="British Virgin Islands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Natalio_Wheatley" title="Natalio Wheatley">Wheatley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands"><img alt="Cayman Islands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Julianna_O%27Connor-Connolly" title="Julianna O'Connor-Connolly">O'Connor-Connolly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba"><img alt="Cuba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Marrero_Cruz" title="Manuel Marrero Cruz">Marrero Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao"><img alt="Curaçao" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gilmar_Pisas" title="Gilmar Pisas">Pisas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Trudeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica"><img alt="Dominica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Skerrit" title="Roosevelt Skerrit">Skerrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador"><img alt="El Salvador" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/23px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/35px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/46px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="567" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nayib_Bukele" title="Nayib Bukele">Bukele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland"><img alt="Greenland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Greenland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greenland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Greenland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greenland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Greenland.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greenland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BAte_Bourup_Egede" title="Múte Bourup Egede">Egede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada"><img alt="Grenada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/23px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/35px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/46px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Dickon_Mitchell" title="Dickon Mitchell">Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala"><img alt="Guatemala" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Ar%C3%A9valo" title="Bernardo Arévalo">Arévalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti"><img alt="Haiti" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/23px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/35px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/46px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Garry_Conille" title="Garry Conille">Conille</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica"><img alt="Jamaica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Holness" title="Andrew Holness">Holness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><img alt="Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Claudia_Sheinbaum" title="Claudia Sheinbaum">Sheinbaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat"><img alt="Montserrat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Montserrat.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montserrat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Montserrat.svg/35px-Flag_of_Montserrat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Montserrat.svg/46px-Flag_of_Montserrat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Reuben_Meade" title="Reuben Meade">Meade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis"><img alt="Saint Kitts and Nevis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Terrance_Drew" title="Terrance Drew">Drew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia"><img alt="Saint Lucia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Philip_J._Pierre" title="Philip J. Pierre">Pierre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines"><img alt="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Gonsalves" title="Ralph Gonsalves">Gonsalves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago"><img alt="Trinidad and Tobago" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/23px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/35px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/46px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Keith_Rowley" title="Keith Rowley">Rowley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Biden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><img alt="Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Javier_Milei" title="Javier Milei">Milei</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia"><img alt="Bolivia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/34px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="750" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Luis_Arce" title="Luis Arce">Arce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">Lula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile"><img alt="Chile" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Boric" title="Gabriel Boric">Boric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia"><img alt="Colombia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Petro" title="Gustavo Petro">Petro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador"><img alt="Ecuador" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="960" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Noboa" title="Daniel Noboa">Noboa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana"><img alt="Guyana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Irfaan_Ali" title="Irfaan Ali">Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay"><img alt="Paraguay" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/46px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="660" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Pe%C3%B1a" title="Santiago Peña">Peña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru"><img alt="Peru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Adrianz%C3%A9n" title="Gustavo Adrianzén">Adrianzén</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname"><img alt="Suriname" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/23px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/35px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/45px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Chan_Santokhi" title="Chan Santokhi">Santokhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay"><img alt="Uruguay" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Luis_Lacalle_Pou" title="Luis Lacalle Pou">Lacalle Pou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela"><img alt="Venezuela" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/23px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/35px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/45px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro" title="Nicolás Maduro">Maduro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Albanese" title="Anthony Albanese">Albanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands"><img alt="Cook Islands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mark_Brown_(Cook_Islands)" title="Mark Brown (Cook Islands)">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji"><img alt="Fiji" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/23px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/35px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/46px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sitiveni_Rabuka" title="Sitiveni Rabuka">Rabuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru"><img alt="Nauru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Nauru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nauru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Nauru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nauru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Nauru.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nauru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a> <a href="/wiki/David_Adeang" title="David Adeang">Adeang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand"><img alt="New Zealand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Luxon" title="Christopher Luxon">Luxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue"><img alt="Niue" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Niue.svg/23px-Flag_of_Niue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Niue.svg/35px-Flag_of_Niue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Niue.svg/46px-Flag_of_Niue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Dalton_Tagelagi" title="Dalton Tagelagi">Tagelagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea"><img alt="Papua New Guinea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/20px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/31px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/40px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a> <a href="/wiki/James_Marape" title="James Marape">Marape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa"><img alt="Samoa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Samoa.svg/23px-Flag_of_Samoa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Samoa.svg/35px-Flag_of_Samoa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Samoa.svg/46px-Flag_of_Samoa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Fiam%C4%93_Naomi_Mata%CA%BBafa" title="Fiamē Naomi Mataʻafa">Mataʻafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands"><img alt="Solomon Islands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Manele" title="Jeremiah Manele">Manele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga"><img alt="Tonga" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Tonga.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tonga.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Tonga.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tonga.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Tonga.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tonga.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Siaosi_Sovaleni" title="Siaosi Sovaleni">Sovaleni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu"><img alt="Tuvalu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Feleti_Teo" title="Feleti Teo">Teo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu"><img alt="Vanuatu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg/46px-Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="360" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Charlot_Salwai" title="Charlot Salwai">Salwai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Communications_Ministers_of_Israel" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Israeli_Communications_Ministers" title="Template:Israeli Communications Ministers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Israeli_Communications_Ministers" title="Template talk:Israeli Communications Ministers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Israeli_Communications_Ministers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Israeli Communications Ministers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Communications_Ministers_of_Israel" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Communications_(Israel)" title="Ministry of Communications (Israel)">Communications Ministers of Israel</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mordechai_Nurock" title="Mordechai Nurock">Nurock</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yosef_Burg" title="Yosef Burg">Burg</a> (1952–58)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yisrael_Barzilai" title="Yisrael Barzilai">Barzilai</a> (1958–59)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binyamin_Mintz" title="Binyamin Mintz">Mintz</a> (1960–61)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliyahu_Sasson" title="Eliyahu Sasson">Sasson</a> (1961–67)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yisrael_Yeshayahu" title="Yisrael Yeshayahu">Yeshayahu</a> (1967–69)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elimelekh_Rimalt" title="Elimelekh Rimalt">Rimalt</a> (1969–70)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Peres</a> (1970–74)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aharon_Uzan" title="Aharon Uzan">Uzan</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Rabin</a> (1974–75)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aharon_Uzan" title="Aharon Uzan">Uzan</a> (1975–77)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin">Begin</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meir_Amit" title="Meir Amit">Amit</a> (1977–78)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Moda%27i" title="Yitzhak Moda'i">Moda'i</a> (1979–80)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoram_Aridor" title="Yoram Aridor">Aridor</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordechai_Tzipori" title="Mordechai Tzipori">Tzipori</a> (1981–84)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amnon_Rubinstein" title="Amnon Rubinstein">Rubinstein</a> (1984–87)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gad_Yaacobi" title="Gad Yaacobi">Yaacobi</a> (1987–90)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Pinhasi" title="Rafael Pinhasi">Pinhasi</a> (1990–92)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Shahal" title="Moshe Shahal">Shahal</a> (1992–93)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shulamit_Aloni" title="Shulamit Aloni">Aloni</a> (1993–96)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limor_Livnat" title="Limor Livnat">Livnat</a> (1996–99)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binyamin_Ben-Eliezer" title="Binyamin Ben-Eliezer">Ben-Eliezer</a> (1999–2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuven_Rivlin" title="Reuven Rivlin">Rivlin</a> (2001–03)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_Sharon" title="Ariel Sharon">Sharon</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ehud_Olmert" title="Ehud Olmert">Olmert</a> (2003–05)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalia_Itzik" title="Dalia Itzik">Itzik</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avraham_Hirschson" title="Avraham Hirschson">Hirschson</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_Atias" title="Ariel Atias">Atias</a> (2006–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Kahlon" title="Moshe Kahlon">Kahlon</a> (2009–13)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilad_Erdan" title="Gilad Erdan">Erdan</a> (2013–14)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Netanyahu</a> (2014–17)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzachi_Hanegbi" title="Tzachi Hanegbi">Hanegbi</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayoob_Kara" title="Ayoob Kara">Kara</a> (2017–19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dudi_Amsalem" title="Dudi Amsalem">Amsalem</a> (2019–20)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoaz_Hendel" title="Yoaz Hendel">Hendel</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eitan_Ginzburg" title="Eitan Ginzburg">Ginzburg</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoaz_Hendel" title="Yoaz Hendel">Hendel</a> (2021–22)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shlomo_Karhi" title="Shlomo Karhi">Karhi</a> (2022–)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/40px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/60px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/80px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="1071" /></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ministers_of_Construction_and_Housing_of_Israel_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Israel&#124;link=Israel" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Israeli_Housing_and_Construction_Ministers" title="Template:Israeli Housing and Construction Ministers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giora_Yoseftal" title="Giora Yoseftal">Yoseftal</a> (1961–62)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yosef_Almogi" title="Yosef Almogi">Almogi</a> (1962–65)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi_Eshkol" title="Levi Eshkol">Eshkol</a> (1965–66)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordechai_Bentov" title="Mordechai Bentov">Bentov</a> (1966–69)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ze%27ev_Sherf" title="Ze'ev Sherf">Sherf</a> (1969–74)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yehoshua_Rabinovitz" title="Yehoshua Rabinovitz">Rabinovitz</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avraham_Ofer" title="Avraham Ofer">Ofer</a> (1974–77)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shlomo_Rosen" title="Shlomo Rosen">Rosen</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gideon_Patt" title="Gideon Patt">Patt</a> (1977–79)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Levy_(Israeli_politician)" title="David Levy (Israeli politician)">D. Levy</a> (1979–90)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_Sharon" title="Ariel Sharon">Sharon</a> (1990–92)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binyamin_Ben-Eliezer" title="Binyamin Ben-Eliezer">Ben-Eliezer</a> (1992–96)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Netanyahu</a> (1996–99)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Levy" title="Yitzhak Levy">Y. Levy</a> (1999–2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binyamin_Ben-Eliezer" title="Binyamin Ben-Eliezer">Ben-Eliezer</a> (2000–01)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natan_Sharansky" title="Natan Sharansky">Sharansky</a> (2001–03)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effi_Eitam" title="Effi Eitam">Eitam</a> (2003–04)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzipi_Livni" title="Tzipi Livni">Livni</a> (2004–05)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Herzog" title="Isaac Herzog">Herzog</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ze%27ev_Boim" title="Ze'ev Boim">Boim</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meir_Sheetrit" title="Meir Sheetrit">Sheetrit</a> (2006–07)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ze%27ev_Boim" title="Ze'ev Boim">Boim</a> (2007–09)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_Atias" title="Ariel Atias">Atias</a> (2009–13)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uri_Ariel" title="Uri Ariel">Ariel</a> (2013–15)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoav_Gallant" title="Yoav Gallant">Gallant</a> (2015–19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yifat_Shasha-Biton" title="Yifat Shasha-Biton">Shasha-Biton</a> (2019–20)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaakov_Litzman" title="Yaakov Litzman">Litzman</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Cohen" title="Yitzhak Cohen">Cohen</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaakov_Litzman" title="Yaakov Litzman">Litzman</a> (2020–21)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ze%27ev_Elkin" title="Ze'ev Elkin">Elkin</a> (2021–22)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Goldknopf" title="Yitzhak Goldknopf">Goldknopf</a> (2022–)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/40px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/60px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/80px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="1071" /></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Economy_Ministers_of_Israel_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Israel&#124;link=Israel" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Israeli_Industry,_Trade_and_Labour_Ministers" title="Template:Israeli Industry, Trade and Labour Ministers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Israeli_Industry,_Trade_and_Labour_Ministers" title="Template talk:Israeli Industry, Trade and Labour Ministers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Israeli_Industry,_Trade_and_Labour_Ministers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Israeli Industry, Trade and Labour Ministers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Economy_Ministers_of_Israel_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Israel&#124;link=Israel" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Economy_(Israel)" title="Ministry of Economy (Israel)">Economy Ministers of Israel</a> <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peretz_Bernstein" title="Peretz Bernstein">Bernstein</a> (1948–49)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliezer_Kaplan" title="Eliezer Kaplan">Kaplan</a> (1949–50)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%27akov_Geri" title="Ya'akov Geri">Geri</a> (1950–51)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dov_Yosef" title="Dov Yosef">Yosef</a> (1951–52)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peretz_Bernstein" title="Peretz Bernstein">Bernstein</a> (1952–55)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peretz_Naftali" title="Peretz Naftali">Naftali</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinchas_Sapir" title="Pinchas Sapir">Sapir</a> (1955–65)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haim_Yosef_Zadok" title="Haim Yosef Zadok">Zadok</a> (1965–66)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ze%27ev_Sherf" title="Ze'ev Sherf">Sherf</a> (1966–69)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yosef_Sapir" title="Yosef Sapir">Sapir</a> (1969–70)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinchas_Sapir" title="Pinchas Sapir">Sapir</a> (1970–72)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haim_Bar-Lev" title="Haim Bar-Lev">Bar-Lev</a> (1972–77)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yigal_Hurvitz" title="Yigal Hurvitz">Hurvitz</a> (1977–78)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gideon_Patt" title="Gideon Patt">Patt</a> (1979–84)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_Sharon" title="Ariel Sharon">Sharon</a> (1984–90)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Nissim" title="Moshe Nissim">Nissim</a> (1990–92)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Harish" title="Michael Harish">Harish</a> (1992–96)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natan_Sharansky" title="Natan Sharansky">Sharansky</a> (1996–99)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ran_Cohen" title="Ran Cohen">Ran Cohen</a> (1999–2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ehud_Barak" title="Ehud Barak">Barak</a> (2000–01)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalia_Itzik" title="Dalia Itzik">Itzik</a> (2001–02)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_Sharon" title="Ariel Sharon">Sharon</a> (2002–03)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ehud_Olmert" title="Ehud Olmert">Olmert</a> (2003–06)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eli_Yishai" title="Eli Yishai">Yishai</a> (2006–09)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binyamin_Ben-Eliezer" title="Binyamin Ben-Eliezer">Ben-Eliezer</a> (2009–11)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shalom_Simhon" title="Shalom Simhon">Simhon</a> (2011–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naftali_Bennett" title="Naftali Bennett">Bennett</a> (2013–15)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryeh_Deri" title="Aryeh Deri">Deri</a> (2015)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Netanyahu</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Kahlon" title="Moshe Kahlon">Kahlon</a> (2016–17)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eli_Cohen_(politician_born_1972)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eli Cohen (politician born 1972)">Eli Cohen</a> (2017–20)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amir_Peretz" title="Amir Peretz">Peretz</a> (2020–21)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orna_Barbivai" title="Orna Barbivai">Barbivai</a> (2021–22)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nir_Barkat" title="Nir Barkat">Barkat</a> (2022–)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/40px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/60px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/80px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="1071" /></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Finance_Ministers_of_Israel" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Israeli_Finance_Ministers" title="Template:Israeli Finance Ministers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Israeli_Finance_Ministers" title="Template talk:Israeli Finance Ministers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Israeli_Finance_Ministers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Israeli Finance Ministers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Finance_Ministers_of_Israel" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(Israel)" title="Ministry of Finance (Israel)">Finance Ministers of Israel</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eliezer_Kaplan" title="Eliezer Kaplan">Kaplan</a> (1948–52)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi_Eshkol" title="Levi Eshkol">Eshkol</a> (1952–63)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinchas_Sapir" title="Pinchas Sapir">Sapir</a> (1963–68)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ze%27ev_Sherf" title="Ze'ev Sherf">Sherf</a> (1968–69)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinchas_Sapir" title="Pinchas Sapir">Sapir</a> (1969–74)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yehoshua_Rabinovitz" title="Yehoshua Rabinovitz">Rabinovitz</a> (1974–77)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simha_Erlich" title="Simha Erlich">Erlich</a> (1977–79)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yigal_Hurvitz" title="Yigal Hurvitz">Hurvitz</a> (1979–81)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoram_Aridor" title="Yoram Aridor">Aridor</a> (1981–83)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yigal_Cohen-Orgad" title="Yigal Cohen-Orgad">Cohen-Orgad</a> (1983–84)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Moda%27i" title="Yitzhak Moda'i">Moda'i</a> (1984–86)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Nissim" title="Moshe Nissim">Nissim</a> (1986–88)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Peres</a> (1988–90)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Shamir" title="Yitzhak Shamir">Shamir</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Moda%27i" title="Yitzhak Moda'i">Moda'i</a> (1990–92)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avraham_Shochat" title="Avraham Shochat">Shochat</a> (1992–96)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Meridor" title="Dan Meridor">Meridor</a> (1996–97)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Netanyahu</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaakov_Neeman" title="Yaakov Neeman">Ne'eman</a> (1997–98)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Netanyahu</a> (1998–99)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meir_Sheetrit" title="Meir Sheetrit">Sheetrit</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avraham_Shochat" title="Avraham Shochat">Shochat</a> (1999–2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvan_Shalom" title="Silvan Shalom">Shalom</a> (2001–03)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Netanyahu</a> (2003–05)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ehud_Olmert" title="Ehud Olmert">Olmert</a> (2005–06)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avraham_Hirschson" title="Avraham Hirschson">Hirschson</a> (2006–07)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roni_Bar-On" title="Roni Bar-On">Bar-On</a> (2007–09)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuval_Steinitz" title="Yuval Steinitz">Steinitz</a> (2009–13)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yair_Lapid" title="Yair Lapid">Lapid</a> (2013–14)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Kahlon" title="Moshe Kahlon">Kahlon</a> (2015–20)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Katz" title="Israel Katz">Katz</a> (2020–21)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avigdor_Lieberman" title="Avigdor Lieberman">Lieberman</a> (2021–22)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bezalel_Smotrich" title="Bezalel Smotrich">Smotrich</a> (2022–)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/40px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/60px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/80px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="1071" /></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Foreign_Affairs_Ministers_of_Israel_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Israel&#124;link=Israel" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Israeli_Foreign_Ministers" title="Template:Israeli Foreign Ministers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Israeli_Foreign_Ministers" title="Template talk:Israeli Foreign Ministers"><abbr title="Discuss this 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/></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Sharett" title="Moshe Sharett">Sharett</a> (1948–56)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golda_Meir" title="Golda Meir">Meir</a> (1956–66)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abba_Eban" title="Abba Eban">Eban</a> (1966–74)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yigal_Allon" title="Yigal Allon">Allon</a> (1974–77)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Dayan" title="Moshe Dayan">Dayan</a> (1977–79)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Shamir" title="Yitzhak Shamir">Shamir</a> (1980–86)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Peres</a> (1986–88)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Arens" title="Moshe Arens">Arens</a> (1988–90)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Levy_(Israeli_politician)" title="David Levy (Israeli politician)">Levy</a> (1990–92)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Peres</a> (1992–95)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ehud_Barak" title="Ehud Barak">Barak</a> (1995–96)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Levy_(Israeli_politician)" title="David Levy (Israeli politician)">Levy</a> (1996–98)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_Sharon" title="Ariel Sharon">Sharon</a> (1998–99)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Levy_(Israeli_politician)" title="David Levy (Israeli politician)">Levy</a> (1999–2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shlomo_Ben-Ami" title="Shlomo Ben-Ami">Ben-Ami</a> (2000–01)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Peres</a> (2001–02)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Netanyahu</a> (2002–03)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvan_Shalom" title="Silvan Shalom">Shalom</a> (2003–06)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzipi_Livni" title="Tzipi Livni">Livni</a> (2006–09)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avigdor_Lieberman" title="Avigdor Lieberman">Lieberman</a> (2009–12)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Netanyahu</a> (2012–13)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avigdor_Lieberman" title="Avigdor Lieberman">Lieberman</a> (2013–15)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Netanyahu</a> (2015–19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Katz" title="Israel Katz">Katz</a> (2019–20)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabi_Ashkenazi" title="Gabi Ashkenazi">Ashkenazi</a> (2020–21)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yair_Lapid" title="Yair Lapid">Lapid</a> (2021–22)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eli_Cohen_(politician_born_1972)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eli Cohen (politician born 1972)">Cohen</a> (2022–24)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Katz" title="Israel Katz">Katz</a> (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gideon_Sa%27ar" title="Gideon Sa'ar">Sa'ar</a> (2024–)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/40px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/60px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/80px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="1071" /></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Health_Ministers_of_Israel_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Israel&#124;link=Israel" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Israeli_Health_Ministers" title="Template:Israeli Health Ministers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Israeli_Health_Ministers" title="Template talk:Israeli Health Ministers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Israeli_Health_Ministers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Israeli Health Ministers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Health_Ministers_of_Israel_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Israel&#124;link=Israel" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_(Israel)" title="Ministry of Health (Israel)">Health Ministers of Israel</a> <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haim-Moshe_Shapira" title="Haim-Moshe Shapira">Shapira</a> (1948–51)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yosef_Burg" title="Yosef Burg">Burg</a> (1951–52)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yosef_Sapir" title="Yosef Sapir">Sapir</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yosef_Serlin" title="Yosef Serlin">Serlin</a> (1952–55)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dov_Yosef" title="Dov Yosef">Yosef</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yisrael_Barzilai" title="Yisrael Barzilai">Barzilai</a> (1955–61)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haim-Moshe_Shapira" title="Haim-Moshe Shapira">Shapira</a> (1961–66)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yisrael_Barzilai" title="Yisrael Barzilai">Barzilai</a> (1966–69)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haim_Gvati" title="Haim Gvati">Gvati</a> (1969–70)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Shem-Tov" title="Victor Shem-Tov">Shem-Tov</a> (1970–77)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliezer_Shostak" title="Eliezer Shostak">Shostak</a> (1977–84)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordechai_Gur" title="Mordechai Gur">Gur</a> (1984–86)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshana_Arbeli-Almozlino" title="Shoshana Arbeli-Almozlino">Arbeli-Almozlino</a> (1986–88)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%27akov_Tzur" title="Ya'akov Tzur">Tzur</a> (1988–90)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ehud_Olmert" title="Ehud Olmert">Olmert</a> (1990–92)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haim_Ramon" title="Haim Ramon">Ramon</a> (1992–94)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Rabin</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efraim_Sneh" title="Efraim Sneh">Sneh</a> (1994–96)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzachi_Hanegbi" title="Tzachi Hanegbi">Hanegbi</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yehoshua_Matza" title="Yehoshua Matza">Matza</a> (1996–99)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shlomo_Benizri" title="Shlomo Benizri">Benizri</a> (1999–2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roni_Milo" title="Roni Milo">Milo</a> (2000–01)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nissim_Dahan" title="Nissim Dahan">Dahan</a> (2001–02)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_Sharon" title="Ariel Sharon">Sharon</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nissim_Dahan" title="Nissim Dahan">Dahan</a> (2002–03)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Naveh" title="Dan Naveh">Naveh</a> (2003–06)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaakov_Edri" title="Yaakov Edri">Edri</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%27akov_Ben-Yezri" title="Ya'akov Ben-Yezri">Ben-Yezri</a> (2006–09)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Netanyahu</a> (2009–13)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yael_German" title="Yael German">German</a> (2013–14)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Netanyahu</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaakov_Litzman" title="Yaakov Litzman">Litzman</a> (2015–17)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Netanyahu</a> (2017–19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaakov_Litzman" title="Yaakov Litzman">Litzman</a> (2019–20)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuli_Edelstein" title="Yuli Edelstein">Edelstein</a> (2020–21)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitzan_Horowitz" title="Nitzan Horowitz">Horowitz</a> (2021–22)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryeh_Deri" title="Aryeh Deri">Deri</a> (2022–23)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Arbel" title="Moshe Arbel">Arbel</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uriel_Buso" title="Uriel Buso">Buso</a> (2023–)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/40px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/60px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/80px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="1071" /></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Interior_Ministers_of_Israel_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Israel&#124;link=Israel" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Israeli_Ministers_of_Interior" title="Template:Israeli Ministers of Interior"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Israeli_Ministers_of_Interior" title="Template talk:Israeli Ministers of Interior"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Israeli_Ministers_of_Interior" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Israeli Ministers of Interior"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Interior_Ministers_of_Israel_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Israel&#124;link=Israel" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Interior_(Israel)" title="Ministry of Interior (Israel)">Interior Ministers of Israel</a> <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Gruenbaum" title="Yitzhak Gruenbaum">Gruenbaum</a> (1948–49)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haim-Moshe_Shapira" title="Haim-Moshe Shapira">Shapira</a> (1949–52)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Rokach" title="Israel Rokach">Rokach</a> (1952–55)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haim-Moshe_Shapira" title="Haim-Moshe Shapira">Shapira</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yisrael_Bar-Yehuda" title="Yisrael Bar-Yehuda">Bar-Yehuda</a> (1955–59)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haim-Moshe_Shapira" title="Haim-Moshe Shapira">Shapira</a> (1959–70)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golda_Meir" title="Golda Meir">Meir</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yosef_Burg" title="Yosef Burg">Burg</a> (1970–74)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shlomo_Hillel" title="Shlomo Hillel">Hillel</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yosef_Burg" title="Yosef Burg">Burg</a> (1974–76)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shlomo_Hillel" title="Shlomo Hillel">Hillel</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yosef_Burg" title="Yosef Burg">Burg</a> (1977–84)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Peres</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Peretz_(politician_born_1938)" title="Yitzhak Peretz (politician born 1938)">Peretz</a> (1984–87)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Shamir" title="Yitzhak Shamir">Shamir</a> (1987–88)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryeh_Deri" title="Aryeh Deri">Deri</a> (1988–93)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Rabin</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryeh_Deri" title="Aryeh Deri">Deri</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Rabin</a> (1993–95)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzi_Baram" title="Uzi Baram">Baram</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Libai" title="David Libai">Libai</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ehud_Barak" title="Ehud Barak">Barak</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haim_Ramon" title="Haim Ramon">Ramon</a> (1995–96)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eli_Suissa" title="Eli Suissa">Suissa</a> (1996–99)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natan_Sharansky" title="Natan Sharansky">Sharansky</a> (1999–2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haim_Ramon" title="Haim Ramon">Ramon</a> (2000–01)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eli_Yishai" title="Eli Yishai">Yishai</a> (2001–02)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_Sharon" title="Ariel Sharon">Sharon</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eli_Yishai" title="Eli Yishai">Yishai</a> (2002–03)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avraham_Poraz" title="Avraham Poraz">Poraz</a> (2003–04)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ophir_Pines-Paz" title="Ophir Pines-Paz">Pines-Paz</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_Sharon" title="Ariel Sharon">Sharon</a> (2004–06)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roni_Bar-On" title="Roni Bar-On">Bar-On</a> (2006–07)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meir_Sheetrit" title="Meir Sheetrit">Sheetrit</a> (2007–09)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eli_Yishai" title="Eli Yishai">Yishai</a> (2009–13)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gideon_Sa%27ar" title="Gideon Sa'ar">Sa'ar</a> (2013–14)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilad_Erdan" title="Gilad Erdan">Erdan</a> (2014–15)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvan_Shalom" title="Silvan Shalom">Shalom</a> (2015)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Netanyahu</a> (2015–16)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryeh_Deri" title="Aryeh Deri">Deri</a> (2016–21)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayelet_Shaked" title="Ayelet Shaked">Shaked</a> (2021–22)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryeh_Deri" title="Aryeh Deri">Deri</a> (2022–23)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Arbel" title="Moshe Arbel">Arbel</a> (2023–)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/40px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/60px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/80px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="1071" /></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Justice_Ministers_of_Israel_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Israel&#124;link=Israel" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Israeli_Ministers_of_Justice" title="Template:Israeli Ministers of Justice"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Israeli_Ministers_of_Justice" title="Template talk:Israeli Ministers of Justice"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Israeli_Ministers_of_Justice" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Israeli Ministers of Justice"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Justice_Ministers_of_Israel_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Israel&#124;link=Israel" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_(Israel)" title="Ministry of Justice (Israel)">Justice Ministers of Israel</a> <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pinchas_Rosen" title="Pinchas Rosen">Rosen</a> (1948-51)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dov_Yosef" title="Dov Yosef">Yosef</a> (1951-52)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haim_Cohn" title="Haim Cohn">Cohn</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinchas_Rosen" title="Pinchas Rosen">Rosen</a> (1952-56)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion" title="David Ben-Gurion">Ben-Gurion</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinchas_Rosen" title="Pinchas Rosen">Rosen</a> (1956-61)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dov_Yosef" title="Dov Yosef">Yosef</a> (1961-66)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%27akov_Shimshon_Shapira" title="Ya'akov Shimshon Shapira">Shapira</a> (1966-72)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golda_Meir" title="Golda Meir">Meir</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%27akov_Shimshon_Shapira" title="Ya'akov Shimshon Shapira">Shapira</a> (1972-73)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golda_Meir" title="Golda Meir">Meir</a> (1973-74)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haim_Yosef_Zadok" title="Haim Yosef Zadok">Zadok</a> (1974-77)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin">Begin</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shmuel_Tamir" title="Shmuel Tamir">Tamir</a> (1977-80)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Nissim" title="Moshe Nissim">Nissim</a> (1980-86)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Moda%27i" title="Yitzhak Moda'i">Moda'i</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avraham_Sharir" title="Avraham Sharir">Sharir</a> (1986-88)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Meridor" title="Dan Meridor">Meridor</a> (1988-92)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Libai" title="David Libai">Libai</a> (1992-96)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaakov_Neeman" title="Yaakov Neeman">Ne'eman</a> (1996)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Netanyahu</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzachi_Hanegbi" title="Tzachi Hanegbi">Hanegbi</a> (1996-99)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yossi_Beilin" title="Yossi Beilin">Beilin</a> (1999-2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meir_Sheetrit" title="Meir Sheetrit">Sheetrit</a> (2001-03)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Lapid" title="Tommy Lapid">Lapid</a> (2003-04)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzipi_Livni" title="Tzipi Livni">Livni</a>* (2004-06)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haim_Ramon" title="Haim Ramon">Ramon</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meir_Sheetrit" title="Meir Sheetrit">Sheetrit</a>* (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ehud_Olmert" title="Ehud Olmert">Olmert</a>* (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzipi_Livni" title="Tzipi Livni">Livni</a> (2006-07)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Friedmann" title="Daniel Friedmann">Friedmann</a> (2007-09)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaakov_Neeman" title="Yaakov Neeman">Ne'eman</a> (2009-13)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzipi_Livni" title="Tzipi Livni">Livni</a> (2013-14)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayelet_Shaked" title="Ayelet Shaked">Shaked</a> (2015-19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amir_Ohana" title="Amir Ohana">Ohana</a> (2019-20)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avi_Nissenkorn" title="Avi Nissenkorn">Nissenkorn</a> (2020-21)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benny_Gantz" title="Benny Gantz">Gantz</a>* (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gideon_Sa%27ar" title="Gideon Sa'ar">Sa'ar</a> (2021-22)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yariv_Levin" title="Yariv Levin">Levin</a> (2022–)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/40px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/60px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/80px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="1071" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>* entire or partial tenure as Substitute Justice Minister, until a replacement was found</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Religious_Services_Ministers_of_Israel_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Israel&#124;link=Israel" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Israeli_Religious_Services_Ministers" title="Template:Israeli Religious Services Ministers"><abbr 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yehuda_Leib_Maimon" title="Yehuda Leib Maimon">Maimon</a> (1948–51)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haim-Moshe_Shapira" title="Haim-Moshe Shapira">Shapira</a> (1951–58)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%27akov_Moshe_Toledano" title="Ya'akov Moshe Toledano">Toledano</a> (1958–60)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zerach_Warhaftig" class="mw-redirect" title="Zerach Warhaftig">Warhaftig</a> (1961–74)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rafael" title="Yitzhak Rafael">Rafael</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haim_Yosef_Zadok" title="Haim Yosef Zadok">Zadok</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rafael" title="Yitzhak Rafael">Rafael</a> (1974–76)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haim_Yosef_Zadok" title="Haim Yosef Zadok">Zadok</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aharon_Abuhatzira" title="Aharon Abuhatzira">Abuhatzira</a> (1977–81)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yosef_Burg" title="Yosef Burg">Burg</a> (1981–84)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Peres</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yosef_Burg" title="Yosef Burg">Burg</a> (1984–86)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zevulun_Hammer" title="Zevulun Hammer">Hammer</a> (1986–90)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avner_Shaki" title="Avner Shaki">Shaki</a> (1990–92)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Rabin</a> (1992–95)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimon_Shetreet" title="Shimon Shetreet">Shetreet</a> (1995–96)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Netanyahu</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eli_Suissa" title="Eli Suissa">Suissa</a> (1996–97)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Netanyahu</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zevulun_Hammer" title="Zevulun Hammer">Hammer</a> (1997–98)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Netanyahu</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Levy" title="Yitzhak Levy">Levy</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eli_Suissa" title="Eli Suissa">Suissa</a> (1998–99)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Cohen" title="Yitzhak Cohen">Cohen</a> (1999–2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yossi_Beilin" title="Yossi Beilin">Beilin</a> (2000–01)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asher_Ohana" title="Asher Ohana">Ohana</a> (2001–03)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_Sharon" title="Ariel Sharon">Sharon</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Cohen" title="Yitzhak Cohen">Cohen</a> (2008–09)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%27akov_Margi" title="Ya'akov Margi">Margi</a> (2009–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naftali_Bennett" title="Naftali Bennett">Bennett</a> (2013–15)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Azulai" title="David Azulai">Azulai</a> (2015–18)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryeh_Deri" title="Aryeh Deri">Deri</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Vaknin" title="Yitzhak Vaknin">Vaknin</a> (2019–20)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%27akov_Avitan" title="Ya'akov Avitan">Avitan</a> (2020–21)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matan_Kahana" title="Matan Kahana">Kahana</a> (2021–22)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naftali_Bennett" title="Naftali Bennett">Bennett</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Malchieli" title="Michael Malchieli">Malchieli</a> (2022–)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/40px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/60px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/80px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="1071" /></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Science,_Technology_and_Space_Ministers_of_Israel_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Israel&#124;link=Israel" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li 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alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yuval_Ne%27eman" title="Yuval Ne'eman">Ne'eman</a> (1982–84)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gideon_Patt" title="Gideon Patt">Patt</a> (1984–88)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezer_Weizman" title="Ezer Weizman">Weizman</a> (1988–90)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuval_Ne%27eman" title="Yuval Ne'eman">Ne'eman</a> (1990–92)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amnon_Rubinstein" title="Amnon Rubinstein">Rubinstein</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimon_Shetreet" title="Shimon Shetreet">Shetreet</a> (1992–93)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shulamit_Aloni" title="Shulamit Aloni">Aloni</a> (1993–96)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benny_Begin" title="Benny Begin">Begin</a> (1996–97)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Netanyahu</a> (1996–97)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Eitan" title="Michael Eitan">Eitan</a> (1997–98)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvan_Shalom" title="Silvan Shalom">Shalom</a> (1998–99)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ehud_Barak" title="Ehud Barak">Barak</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matan_Vilnai" title="Matan Vilnai">Vilnai</a> (1999–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliezer_Sandberg" title="Eliezer Sandberg">Sandberg</a> (2003–04)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilan_Shalgi" title="Ilan Shalgi">Shalgi</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Brailovsky" title="Victor Brailovsky">Brailovsky</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matan_Vilnai" title="Matan Vilnai">Vilnai</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roni_Bar-On" title="Roni Bar-On">Bar-On</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ophir_Pines-Paz" title="Ophir Pines-Paz">Pines-Paz</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuli_Tamir" title="Yuli Tamir">Tamir</a> (2006–07)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raleb_Majadele" title="Raleb Majadele">Majadele</a> (2007–09)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Hershkowitz" title="Daniel Hershkowitz">Hershkowitz</a> (2009–13)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaakov_Peri" title="Yaakov Peri">Peri</a> (2013–14)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danny_Danon" title="Danny Danon">Danon</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ofir_Akunis" title="Ofir Akunis">Akunis</a> (2015–20)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yizhar_Shai" title="Yizhar Shai">Shai</a> (2020–21)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orit_Farkash-Hacohen" title="Orit Farkash-Hacohen">Farkash-Hacohen</a> (2021–22)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ofir_Akunis" title="Ofir Akunis">Akunis</a> (2022–2024)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/40px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/60px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/80px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="1071" /></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Leaders_of_the_Opposition_in_Israel_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Israel&#124;link=Israel" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Opposition_leaders_(Israel)" title="Template:Opposition leaders (Israel)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Opposition_leaders_(Israel)" title="Template talk:Opposition leaders (Israel)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Opposition_leaders_(Israel)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Opposition leaders (Israel)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Leaders_of_the_Opposition_in_Israel_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Israel&#124;link=Israel" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Israel)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Israel)">Leaders of the Opposition</a> in Israel <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leader of the largest opposition party</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meir_Ya%27ari" title="Meir Ya'ari">Ya'ari</a> (1949–51)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peretz_Bernstein" title="Peretz Bernstein">Bernstein</a> (1951–52)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meir_Ya%27ari" title="Meir Ya'ari">Ya'ari</a> (1952–55)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peretz_Bernstein" title="Peretz Bernstein">Bernstein</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin">Begin</a> (1955–67)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak-Meir_Levin" title="Yitzhak-Meir Levin">Levin</a> (1967–70)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin">Begin</a> (1970–77)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Peres</a> (1977–84)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuval_Ne%27eman" title="Yuval Ne'eman">Ne'eman</a> (1984–88)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shulamit_Aloni" title="Shulamit Aloni">Aloni</a> (1988–90)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Peres</a> (1990–92)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Rabin</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Shamir" title="Yitzhak Shamir">Shamir</a> (1992–93)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Netanyahu</a> (1993–96)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Peres</a> (1996–97)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ehud_Barak" title="Ehud Barak">Barak</a> (1997–99)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_Sharon" title="Ariel Sharon">Sharon</a> (1999–2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Officially designated Opposition Leader</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_Sharon" title="Ariel Sharon">Sharon</a> (2000–01)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yossi_Sarid" title="Yossi Sarid">Sarid</a> (2001–03)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amram_Mitzna" title="Amram Mitzna">Mitzna</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalia_Itzik" title="Dalia Itzik">Itzik</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Peres</a> (2003–05)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Lapid" title="Tommy Lapid">T. Lapid</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amir_Peretz" title="Amir Peretz">Peretz</a> (2005–06)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Netanyahu</a> (2006–09)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzipi_Livni" title="Tzipi Livni">Livni</a> (2009–12)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaul_Mofaz" title="Shaul Mofaz">Mofaz</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelly_Yachimovich" title="Shelly Yachimovich">Yachimovich</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaul_Mofaz" title="Shaul Mofaz">Mofaz</a> (2012–13)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelly_Yachimovich" title="Shelly Yachimovich">Yachimovich</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Herzog" title="Isaac Herzog">Herzog</a> (2013–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzipi_Livni" title="Tzipi Livni">Livni</a> (2018–19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelly_Yachimovich" title="Shelly Yachimovich">Yachimovich</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yair_Lapid" title="Yair Lapid">Y. Lapid</a> (2020–21)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Netanyahu</a> (2021–22)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yair_Lapid" title="Yair Lapid">Y. Lapid</a> (2022–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Current_members_of_the_Knesset" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Current_MKs" title="Template:Current MKs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Current_MKs" title="Template talk:Current MKs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Current_MKs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Current MKs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Current_members_of_the_Knesset" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_twenty-fifth_Knesset" title="List of members of the twenty-fifth Knesset">Current members</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Knesset" title="Knesset">Knesset</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Likud" title="Likud">Likud</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Netanyahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yariv_Levin" title="Yariv Levin">Levin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoav_Gallant" title="Yoav Gallant">Gallant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amir_Ohana" title="Amir Ohana">Ohana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nir_Barkat" title="Nir Barkat">Barkat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avi_Dichter" title="Avi Dichter">Dichter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Katz" title="Israel Katz">Israel Katz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shlomo_Karhi" title="Shlomo Karhi">Karhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Bitan" title="David Bitan">Bitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuli_Edelstein" title="Yuli Edelstein">Edelstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliyahu_Revivo" title="Eliyahu Revivo">Revivo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galit_Distel-Atbaryan" title="Galit Distel-Atbaryan">Distel-Atbaryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nissim_Vaturi" title="Nissim Vaturi">Vaturi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shalom_Danino" title="Shalom Danino">Danino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tally_Gotliv" title="Tally Gotliv">Gotliv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanoch_Milwidsky" title="Hanoch Milwidsky">Milwidsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boaz_Bismuth" title="Boaz Bismuth">Bismuth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Saada" title="Moshe Saada">Saada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eli_Dellal" title="Eli Dellal">Dellal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gila_Gamliel" title="Gila Gamliel">Gamliel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ofir_Katz" title="Ofir Katz">Ofir Katz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_Golan" title="May Golan">Golan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Illouz" title="Dan Illouz">Illouz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_Kallner" title="Ariel Kallner">Kallner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eti_Atiya" title="Eti Atiya">Atiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amit_Halevi" title="Amit Halevi">Halevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsega_Melaku" title="Tsega Melaku">Melaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osher_Shekalim" title="Osher Shekalim">Shekalim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keti_Shitrit" title="Keti Shitrit">Shitrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Passal" title="Moshe Passal">Passal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasson_Guetta" title="Sasson Guetta">Guetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avihai_Boaron" title="Avihai Boaron">Boaron</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yesh_Atid" title="Yesh Atid">Yesh Atid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yair_Lapid" title="Yair Lapid">Lapid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meir_Cohen_(politician)" title="Meir Cohen (politician)">Meir Cohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karine_Elharrar" title="Karine Elharrar">Elharrar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meirav_Cohen" title="Meirav Cohen">Meirav Cohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elazar_Stern" title="Elazar Stern">Stern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mickey_Levy" title="Mickey Levy">Mickey Levy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meirav_Ben-Ari" title="Meirav Ben-Ari">Ben-Ari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Ben-Barak" title="Ram Ben-Barak">Ben-Barak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoav_Segalovich" title="Yoav Segalovich">Segalovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boaz_Toporovsky" title="Boaz Toporovsky">Toporovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michal_Shir" title="Michal Shir">Shir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idan_Roll" title="Idan Roll">Roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorai_Lahav-Hertzanu" title="Yorai Lahav-Hertzanu">Lahav-Hertzanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Beliak" title="Vladimir Beliak">Beliak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Katz" title="Ron Katz">Ron Katz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matti_Sarfati_Harkavi" title="Matti Sarfati Harkavi">Sarfati Harkavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tania_Mazarsky" title="Tania Mazarsky">Mazarsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasmin_Fridman" title="Yasmin Fridman">Fridman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debbie_Biton" title="Debbie Biton">Biton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Tur-Paz" title="Moshe Tur-Paz">Tur-Paz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Davidson" title="Simon Davidson">Davidson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naor_Shiri" title="Naor Shiri">Shiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelly_Tal_Meron" title="Shelly Tal Meron">Meron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaron_Levi" title="Yaron Levi">Levi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shas" title="Shas">Shas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aryeh_Deri" title="Aryeh Deri">Deri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Malchieli" title="Michael Malchieli">Malchieli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Arbel" title="Moshe Arbel">Arbel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yinon_Azulai" title="Yinon Azulai">Azulai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Abutbul_(politician)" title="Moshe Abutbul (politician)">Abutbul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uriel_Buso" title="Uriel Buso">Buso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yosef_Taieb" title="Yosef Taieb">Taieb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avraham_Betzalel" title="Avraham Betzalel">Betzalel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yonatan_Mishraki" title="Yonatan Mishraki">Mishraki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erez_Malul" title="Erez Malul">Malul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semion_Moshiashvili" title="Semion Moshiashvili">Moshiashvili</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Unity_(Israel)" title="National Unity (Israel)">National Unity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benny_Gantz" title="Benny Gantz">Gantz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadi_Eizenkot" class="mw-redirect" title="Gadi Eizenkot">Eizenkot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pnina_Tamano-Shata" title="Pnina Tamano-Shata">Tamano-Shata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hili_Tropper" title="Hili Tropper">Tropper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Biton" title="Michael Biton">Michael Biton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matan_Kahana" title="Matan Kahana">Kahana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orit_Farkash-Hacohen" title="Orit Farkash-Hacohen">Farkash-Hacohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alon_Schuster" title="Alon Schuster">Schuster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Religious_Party%E2%80%93Religious_Zionism" title="National Religious Party–Religious Zionism">NRP-RZ</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ofir_Sofer" title="Ofir Sofer">Sofer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orit_Strook" title="Orit Strook">Strook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simcha_Rothman" title="Simcha Rothman">Rothman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michal_Waldiger" title="Michal Waldiger">Waldiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohad_Tal" title="Ohad Tal">Tal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Solomon" title="Moshe Solomon">Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zvi_Sukkot" title="Zvi Sukkot">Sukkot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Torah_Judaism" title="United Torah Judaism">United Torah Judaism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Gafni" title="Moshe Gafni">Gafni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%27akov_Tessler" title="Ya'akov Tessler">Tessler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%27akov_Asher" title="Ya'akov Asher">Asher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yisrael_Eichler" title="Yisrael Eichler">Eichler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Pindrus" title="Yitzhak Pindrus">Pindrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Roth" title="Moshe Roth">Roth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliyahu_Baruchi" title="Eliyahu Baruchi">Baruchi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yisrael_Beiteinu" title="Yisrael Beiteinu">Yisrael Beiteinu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avigdor_Lieberman" title="Avigdor Lieberman">Lieberman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oded_Forer" title="Oded Forer">Forer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evgeny_Sova" title="Evgeny Sova">Sova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharon_Nir" title="Sharon Nir">Nir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yulia_Malinovsky" title="Yulia Malinovsky">Malinovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamad_Amar" title="Hamad Amar">Amar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Kushnir" title="Alex Kushnir">Kushnir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Otzma_Yehudit" title="Otzma Yehudit">Otzma Yehudit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Itamar_Ben-Gvir" title="Itamar Ben-Gvir">Ben-Gvir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Wasserlauf" title="Yitzhak Wasserlauf">Wasserlauf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almog_Cohen_(politician)" title="Almog Cohen (politician)">Almog Cohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zvika_Fogel" title="Zvika Fogel">Fogel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limor_Son_Har-Melech" title="Limor Son Har-Melech">Har-Melech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Kroizer" title="Yitzhak Kroizer">Kroizer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_List" title="United Arab List">United Arab List</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mansour_Abbas" title="Mansour Abbas">Abbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waleed_Taha" title="Waleed Taha">Taha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waleed_Alhwashla" title="Waleed Alhwashla">Alhwashla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iman_Khatib-Yassin" title="Iman Khatib-Yassin">Khatib-Yassin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasir_Hujeirat" title="Yasir Hujeirat">Hujeirat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hadash" title="Hadash">Hadash</a>–<a href="/wiki/Ta%27al" title="Ta'al">Ta'al</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayman_Odeh" title="Ayman Odeh">Odeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Tibi" title="Ahmad Tibi">Tibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aida_Touma-Suleiman" title="Aida Touma-Suleiman">Touma-Suleiman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ofer_Cassif" title="Ofer Cassif">Cassif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youssef_Atauna" title="Youssef Atauna">Atauna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Labor_Party" title="Israeli Labor Party">Labor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Merav_Michaeli" title="Merav Michaeli">Michaeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naama_Lazimi" title="Naama Lazimi">Lazimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilad_Kariv" title="Gilad Kariv">Kariv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efrat_Rayten" title="Efrat Rayten">Rayten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_Hope_(Israel)" title="New Hope (Israel)">National Right</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gideon_Sa%27ar" title="Gideon Sa'ar">Sa'ar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ze%27ev_Elkin" title="Ze'ev Elkin">Elkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharren_Haskel" title="Sharren Haskel">Haskel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Buskila" title="Michel Buskila">Buskila</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Noam_(political_party)" title="Noam (political party)">Noam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avi_Maoz" title="Avi Maoz">Maoz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Current_government_of_Israel" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Current_government_of_Israel" title="Template:Current government of Israel"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Current_government_of_Israel" title="Template talk:Current government of Israel"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Current_government_of_Israel" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Current government of Israel"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Current_government_of_Israel" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Thirty-seventh_government_of_Israel" title="Thirty-seventh government of Israel">Current government of Israel</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Israel" title="Prime Minister of Israel">Prime Minister</a>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Benjamin Netanyahu</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Israel" title="Cabinet of Israel">Ministers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yariv_Levin" title="Yariv Levin">Yariv Levin</a> (Deputy Prime Minister, Justice)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ofir_Akunis" title="Ofir Akunis">Ofir Akunis</a> (Science and Technology)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nir_Barkat" title="Nir Barkat">Nir Barkat</a> (Economy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itamar_Ben-Gvir" title="Itamar Ben-Gvir">Itamar Ben-Gvir</a> (National Security)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoav_Ben-Tzur" title="Yoav Ben-Tzur">Yoav Ben-Tzur</a> (Minister in the Ministry of Labor, Social Affairs, and Social Services)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haim_Biton" title="Haim Biton">Haim Biton</a> (Minister in the Ministry of Education)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amichai_Chikli" title="Amichai Chikli">Amichai Chikli</a> (Diaspora Affairs, Social Equality)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eli_Cohen_(politician_born_1972)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eli Cohen (politician born 1972)">Eli Cohen</a> (Foreign Affairs)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Dermer" title="Ron Dermer">Ron Dermer</a> (Strategic Affairs)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avi_Dichter" title="Avi Dichter">Avi Dichter</a> (Agriculture and Rural Development)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Arbel" title="Moshe Arbel">Moshe Arbel</a> (Interior)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uriel_Buso" title="Uriel Buso">Uriel Buso</a> (Health)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amihai_Eliyahu" title="Amihai Eliyahu">Amihai Eliyahu</a> (Heritage)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoav_Gallant" title="Yoav Gallant">Yoav Gallant</a> (Defense)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gila_Gamliel" title="Gila Gamliel">Gila Gamliel</a> (Intelligence)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Goldknopf" title="Yitzhak Goldknopf">Yitzhak Goldknopf</a> (Housing and Construction, Minister in the Prime Minister’s Office)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shlomo_Karhi" title="Shlomo Karhi">Shlomo Karhi</a> (Communications)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haim_Katz" title="Haim Katz">Haim Katz</a> (Tourism)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Katz" title="Israel Katz">Israel Katz</a> (Energy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoav_Kisch" title="Yoav Kisch">Yoav Kisch</a> (Education, Regional Cooperation)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Malchieli" title="Michael Malchieli">Michael Malchieli</a> (Religious Affairs)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%27akov_Margi" title="Ya'akov Margi">Ya'akov Margi</a> (Labor, Social Affairs, and Social Services)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meir_Porush" title="Meir Porush">Meir Porush</a> (Jerusalem and Tradition)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miri_Regev" title="Miri Regev">Miri Regev</a> (Transportation)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idit_Silman" title="Idit Silman">Idit Silman</a> (Environmental Protection)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bezalel_Smotrich" title="Bezalel Smotrich">Bezalel Smotrich</a> (Finance, Minister in the Ministry of Defense)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ofir_Sofer" title="Ofir Sofer">Ofir Sofer</a> (Aliyah and Integration)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orit_Strook" title="Orit Strook">Orit Strook</a> (National Missions)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Wasserlauf" title="Yitzhak Wasserlauf">Yitzhak Wasserlauf</a> (Development of the Negev and Galilee)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miki_Zohar" title="Miki Zohar">Miki Zohar</a> (Culture and Sport)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_Golan" title="May Golan">May Golan</a> (Promotion of Women)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_without_portfolio" title="Minister without portfolio">Ministers without Portfolio</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benny_Gantz" title="Benny Gantz">Benny Gantz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gideon_Sa%27ar" title="Gideon Sa'ar">Gideon Sa'ar </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadi_Eizenkot" class="mw-redirect" title="Gadi Eizenkot">Gadi Eizenkot </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hili_Tropper" title="Hili Tropper">Hili Tropper </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yifat_Shasha-Biton" title="Yifat Shasha-Biton">Yifat Shasha-Biton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>See also: <a href="/wiki/2022_Israeli_legislative_election" title="2022 Israeli legislative election">2022 Knesset elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_twenty-fifth_Knesset" title="List of members of the twenty-fifth Knesset">Current members of the Knesset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_war_cabinet" title="Israeli war cabinet">Israeli war cabinet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Permanent_Representative_of_Israel_to_the_United_Nations" title="Permanent Representative of Israel to the United Nations">Permanent Representative of Israel to the United Nations</a> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations"><img alt="United Nations" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abba_Eban" title="Abba Eban">Eban</a> (1949–59)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Comay" title="Michael Comay">Comay</a> (1960–67)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gideon_Rafael" title="Gideon Rafael">Rafael</a> (1967–68)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yosef_Tekoah" title="Yosef Tekoah">Tekoah</a> (1968–75)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaim_Herzog" title="Chaim Herzog">Herzog</a> (1975–78)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yehuda_Zvi_Blum" title="Yehuda Zvi Blum">Blum</a> (1978–84)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Netanyahu</a> (1984–88)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johanan_Bein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johanan Bein (page does not exist)">Bein</a> (1988–90)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoram_Aridor" title="Yoram Aridor">Aridor</a> (1990–92)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gad_Yaacobi" title="Gad Yaacobi">Yaacobi</a> (1992–96)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dore_Gold" title="Dore Gold">Gold</a> (1997–99)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yehuda_Lancry" title="Yehuda Lancry">Lancry</a> (1999–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Gillerman" title="Dan Gillerman">Gillerman</a> (2002–08)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriela_Shalev" title="Gabriela Shalev">Shalev</a> (2008–10)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meron_Reuben" title="Meron Reuben">Reuben</a> (2010–11)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Prosor" title="Ron Prosor">Prosor</a> (2011–15)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danny_Danon" title="Danny Danon">Danon</a> (2015–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilad_Erdan" title="Gilad Erdan">Erdan</a> (2020–2024)</li> <li>Danon (2024–)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/40px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/60px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/80px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="1071" /></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cheltenham_Township,_Montgomery_County,_Pennsylvania" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cheltenham_Township,_Montgomery_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Template:Cheltenham Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cheltenham_Township,_Montgomery_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Template talk:Cheltenham Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cheltenham_Township,_Montgomery_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cheltenham Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cheltenham_Township,_Montgomery_County,_Pennsylvania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cheltenham_Township,_Pennsylvania" title="Cheltenham Township, Pennsylvania">Cheltenham Township</a>, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Founded 1682</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arcadia_University,_Pennsylvania" title="Arcadia University, Pennsylvania">Arcadia University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashmead_Village,_Pennsylvania" title="Ashmead Village, Pennsylvania">Ashmead Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedarbrook,_Pennsylvania" title="Cedarbrook, Pennsylvania">Cedarbrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheltenham,_Pennsylvania" title="Cheltenham, Pennsylvania">Cheltenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edge_Hill,_Pennsylvania" title="Edge Hill, Pennsylvania">Edge Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elkins_Park,_Pennsylvania" title="Elkins Park, Pennsylvania">Elkins Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenside,_Pennsylvania" title="Glenside, Pennsylvania">Glenside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Mott,_Pennsylvania" title="La Mott, Pennsylvania">La Mott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laverock,_Pennsylvania" title="Laverock, Pennsylvania">Laverock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McKinley,_Montgomery_County,_Pennsylvania" title="McKinley, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania">McKinley</a> (part)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melrose_Park,_Pennsylvania" title="Melrose Park, Pennsylvania">Melrose Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyncote,_Pennsylvania" title="Wyncote, Pennsylvania">Wyncote</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Beth_Sholom.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Beth_Sholom.jpg/151px-Beth_Sholom.jpg" decoding="async" width="151" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Beth_Sholom.jpg/227px-Beth_Sholom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Beth_Sholom.jpg/302px-Beth_Sholom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5760" data-file-height="3840" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:Melrose_RR_Station_02.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Melrose_RR_Station_02.JPG/151px-Melrose_RR_Station_02.JPG" decoding="async" width="151" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Melrose_RR_Station_02.JPG/227px-Melrose_RR_Station_02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Melrose_RR_Station_02.JPG/302px-Melrose_RR_Station_02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:Wall_House.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Wall_House.jpg/151px-Wall_House.jpg" decoding="async" width="151" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Wall_House.jpg/227px-Wall_House.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Wall_House.jpg/302px-Wall_House.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5760" data-file-height="3840" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:Wycote_homes.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Wycote_homes.JPG/151px-Wycote_homes.JPG" decoding="async" width="151" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Wycote_homes.JPG/227px-Wycote_homes.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Wycote_homes.JPG/302px-Wycote_homes.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancillae_Assumpta_Academy" title="Ancillae Assumpta Academy">Ancillae Assumpta Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcadia_University" title="Arcadia University">Arcadia University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_McDevitt_High_School_(Wyncote,_Pennsylvania)" title="Bishop McDevitt High School (Wyncote, Pennsylvania)">Bishop McDevitt High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheltenham_Township_School_District" title="Cheltenham Township School District">Cheltenham Township School District</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cheltenham_High_School" title="Cheltenham High School">Cheltenham High School</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Valley_Minority_Student_Achievement_Consortium" title="Delaware Valley Minority Student Achievement Consortium">Delaware Valley Minority Student Achievement Consortium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gratz_College" title="Gratz College">Gratz College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstructionist_Rabbinical_College" title="Reconstructionist Rabbinical College">Reconstructionist Rabbinical College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salus_University" title="Salus University">Salus University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyler_School_of_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyler School of Art">Tyler School of Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Theological_Seminary" title="Westminster Theological Seminary">Westminster Theological Seminary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National Historic Sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beth_Sholom_Congregation_(Elkins_Park,_Pennsylvania)" title="Beth Sholom Congregation (Elkins Park, Pennsylvania)">Beth Sholom Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_William_Penn" title="Camp William Penn">Camp William Penn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camptown_Historic_District" title="Camptown Historic District">Camptown Historic District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Hall_Arboretum" class="mw-redirect" title="Curtis Hall Arboretum">Curtis Hall Arboretum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elkins_Park_station" title="Elkins Park station">Elkins Park station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_K._Heller_School" title="George K. Heller School">George K. Heller School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenside_Memorial_Hall" title="Glenside Memorial Hall">Glenside Memorial Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey_Towers_Castle" title="Grey Towers Castle">Grey Towers Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_West_Breyer_Sr._House" title="Henry West Breyer Sr. House">Henry West Breyer Sr. House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milmoral" title="Milmoral">Milmoral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowland_House_(Cheltenham,_Pennsylvania)" title="Rowland House (Cheltenham, Pennsylvania)">Rowland House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Paul%27s_Episcopal_Church_(Elkins_Park,_Pennsylvania)" title="St. Paul's Episcopal Church (Elkins Park, Pennsylvania)">St. Paul's Episcopal Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Wall_house" title="Richard Wall house">Richard Wall house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyncote_Historic_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wyncote Historic District">Wyncote Historic District</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reggie_Jackson" title="Reggie Jackson">Reggie Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucretia_Mott" title="Lucretia Mott">Lucretia Mott</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Benjamin Netanyahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yonatan_Netanyahu" title="Yonatan Netanyahu">Yonatan Netanyahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezra_Pound" title="Ezra Pound">Ezra Pound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallace_Triplett" title="Wallace Triplett">Wallace Triplett</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania%27s_4th_congressional_district" title="Pennsylvania's 4th congressional district">Pennsylvania's 4th congressional district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elkins_Estate" title="Elkins Estate">Elkins Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynnewood_Hall" title="Lynnewood Hall">Lynnewood Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenleaf_at_Cheltenham" title="Greenleaf at Cheltenham">Greenleaf at Cheltenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newgrounds" title="Newgrounds">Newgrounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankford_Creek" title="Frankford Creek">Tookany Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Sepulchre_Cemetery_(Cheltenham_Township,_Pennsylvania)" title="Holy Sepulchre Cemetery (Cheltenham Township, Pennsylvania)">Holy Sepulchre Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheltenham" title="Cheltenham">Cheltenham, England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Publishing_Company" title="Curtis Publishing Company">Curtis Publishing Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Einstein_Medical_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Einstein Medical Center">Einstein Medical Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oak_Lane_Day_School" title="Oak Lane Day School">Oak Lane Day School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical railroads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SEPTA_Route_6" title="SEPTA Route 6">SEPTA Route 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Pennsylvania_Railroad" title="North Pennsylvania Railroad">North Pennsylvania Railroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reading_Company" title="Reading Company">Reading Railroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Railroad" title="Pennsylvania Railroad">Pennsylvania Railroad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional rail lines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SEPTA_Main_Line" title="SEPTA Main Line">Main Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airport_Line_(SEPTA)" title="Airport Line (SEPTA)">Airport Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_Chase_Line" title="Fox Chase Line">Fox Chase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lansdale/Doylestown_Line" title="Lansdale/Doylestown Line">Lansdale/Doylestown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warminster_Line" title="Warminster Line">Warminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Trenton_Line" title="West Trenton Line">West Trenton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional rail stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jenkintown%E2%80%93Wyncote_station" title="Jenkintown–Wyncote station">Jenkintown–Wyncote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenside_station" title="Glenside station">Glenside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elkins_Park_station" title="Elkins Park station">Elkins Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melrose_Park_station_(SEPTA)" title="Melrose Park station (SEPTA)">Melrose Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheltenham_station_(SEPTA)" title="Cheltenham station (SEPTA)">Cheltenham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">SEPTA bus routes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SEPTA_Route_6" title="SEPTA Route 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SEPTA_City_Transit_Division_surface_routes#16" title="SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SEPTA_City_Transit_Division_surface_routes#18" title="SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SEPTA_Route_6#Route_22,_the_former_Route_6_Bus" title="SEPTA Route 6">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SEPTA_City_Transit_Division_surface_routes#24" title="SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SEPTA_City_Transit_Division_surface_routes#28" title="SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes">28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SEPTA_City_Transit_Division_surface_routes#55" title="SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes">55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SEPTA_City_Transit_Division_surface_routes#57" title="SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes">57</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SEPTA_City_Transit_Division_surface_routes#70" title="SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes">70</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SEPTA_City_Transit_Division_surface_routes#77" title="SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes">77</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SEPTA_City_Transit_Division_surface_routes#80" title="SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes">80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SEPTA_City_Transit_Division_surface_routes#H" title="SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes">H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SEPTA_City_Transit_Division_surface_routes#XH" title="SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes">XH</a></li> <li>Former: <a href="/wiki/SEPTA_Route_C" class="mw-redirect" title="SEPTA Route C">C</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cheltenham_Township_Police_Department" title="Cheltenham Township Police Department">Cheltenham Township Police Department</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Valley" title="Delaware Valley">Delaware Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Refusenik_movement_and_1990s_post-Soviet_aliyah" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Refusenik_movement_and_1990s_post-Soviet_aliyah" title="Template:Refusenik movement and 1990s post-Soviet aliyah"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Refusenik_movement_and_1990s_post-Soviet_aliyah" title="Template talk:Refusenik movement and 1990s post-Soviet aliyah"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Refusenik_movement_and_1990s_post-Soviet_aliyah" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Refusenik movement and 1990s post-Soviet aliyah"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Refusenik_movement_and_1990s_post-Soviet_aliyah" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Refusenik" title="Refusenik">Refusenik</a> movement and <a href="/wiki/1990s_post-Soviet_aliyah" title="1990s post-Soviet aliyah">1990s post-Soviet aliyah</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>(<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1970 – 2000)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Causes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Antisemitism in the Soviet Union">Antisemitism in the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin_and_antisemitism" title="Joseph Stalin and antisemitism">Joseph Stalin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emigration_from_the_Eastern_Bloc" title="Emigration from the Eastern Bloc">Emigration from the Eastern Bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sl%C3%A1nsk%C3%BD_trial" title="Slánský trial">Slánský trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-cosmopolitan_campaign" title="Anti-cosmopolitan campaign">Anti-cosmopolitan campaign</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_ethnic_divisions" title="Jewish ethnic divisions">Jewish groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jews" title="Ashkenazi Jews">Ashkenazim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Jews" title="Mountain Jews">Mountain Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaite_Judaism" title="Karaite Judaism">Karaim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krymchaks" title="Krymchaks">Krymchaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukharan_Jews" title="Bukharan Jews">Bukharan Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Jews" title="Georgian Jews">Georgian Jews</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dymshits%E2%80%93Kuznetsov_hijacking_affair" title="Dymshits–Kuznetsov hijacking affair">Dymshits–Kuznetsov hijacking affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970s_Soviet_Union_aliyah" title="1970s Soviet Union aliyah">1970s aliyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson%E2%80%93Vanik_amendment" title="Jackson–Vanik amendment">Jackson–Vanik amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helsinki_Accords" title="Helsinki Accords">Helsinki Accords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Sunday_for_Soviet_Jews" title="Freedom Sunday for Soviet Jews">Freedom Sunday for Soviet Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Solomon" title="Operation Solomon">Operation Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">Dissolution of the Soviet Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States" title="Commonwealth of Independent States">Commonwealth of Independent States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Pro-government</a>/<a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Antisemitism in the Soviet Union">antisemitic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Brezhnev" title="Leonid Brezhnev">Leonid Brezhnev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_Andropov" title="Yuri Andropov">Yuri Andropov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Suslov" title="Mikhail Suslov">Mikhail Suslov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Dragunsky" title="David Dragunsky">David Dragunsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakov_Moiseevich_Fishman" title="Yakov Moiseevich Fishman">Yakov Fishman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Shayevich" title="Adolf Shayevich">Adolf Shayevich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emomali_Rahmon" title="Emomali Rahmon">Emomali Rahmon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Jewry_movement" title="Soviet Jewry movement">Jewish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ida_Nudel" title="Ida Nudel">Ida Nudel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natan_Sharansky" title="Natan Sharansky">Natan Sharansky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuli_Edelstein" title="Yuli Edelstein">Yuli Edelstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Kuznetsov_(dissident)" title="Eduard Kuznetsov (dissident)">Eduard Kuznetsov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iosif_Begun" title="Iosif Begun">Iosif Begun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Shultz" title="George Shultz">George Shultz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_M._Jackson" title="Henry M. Jackson">Henry M. Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Vanik" title="Charles Vanik">Charles Vanik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menachem_Mendel_Schneerson" title="Menachem Mendel Schneerson">Menachem Mendel Schneerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meir_Kahane" title="Meir Kahane">Meir Kahane</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Israel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Golda_Meir" title="Golda Meir">Golda Meir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Shimon Peres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin">Menachem Begin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Shamir" title="Yitzhak Shamir">Yitzhak Shamir</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Benjamin Netanyahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simcha_Dinitz" title="Simcha Dinitz">Simcha Dinitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avraham_Burg" title="Avraham Burg">Avraham Burg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehemiah_Levanon" title="Nehemiah Levanon">Nehemiah Levanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yehuda_Lapidot" title="Yehuda Lapidot">Yehuda Lapidot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pro-Soviet</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Gomu%C5%82ka" title="Władysław Gomułka">Władysław Gomułka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pro-Jewish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Romania" title="Socialist Republic of Romania"><img alt="Socialist Republic of Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_Romania_%281965%E2%80%931989%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Romania_%281965%E2%80%931989%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_Romania_%281965%E2%80%931989%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania_%281965%E2%80%931989%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_Romania_%281965%E2%80%931989%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Romania_%281965%E2%80%931989%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Ceau%C8%99escu" title="Nicolae Ceaușescu">Nicolae Ceaușescu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Soviet Union</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Communist Party of the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Communist Party of the Russian Federation">Communist Party of the Russian Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionist_Committee_of_the_Soviet_Public" title="Anti-Zionist Committee of the Soviet Public">Anti-Zionist Committee of the Soviet Public</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Helsinki_Group" title="Moscow Helsinki Group">Moscow Helsinki Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamyat" title="Pamyat">Pamyat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Defense_League" title="Jewish Defense League">Jewish Defense League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Jewish_Joint_Distribution_Committee" title="American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee">American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Councils_for_Soviet_Jews" title="Union of Councils for Soviet Jews">Union of Councils for Soviet Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Coalition_Supporting_Soviet_Jewry" title="National Coalition Supporting Soviet Jewry">National Coalition Supporting Soviet Jewry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Israel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nativ_(Liaison_Bureau)" title="Nativ (Liaison Bureau)">Nativ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Agency_for_Israel" title="Jewish Agency for Israel">Jewish Agency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aftermath</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Jews_in_Israel" title="Russian Jews in Israel">Russian Jews in Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yisrael_BaAliyah" title="Yisrael BaAliyah">Yisrael BaAliyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_9_(Israel)" title="Channel 9 (Israel)">Channel 9</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/42px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Israel" title="Portal:Israel">Israel</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Klepsydra-pt.svg/17px-Klepsydra-pt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Klepsydra-pt.svg/26px-Klepsydra-pt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Klepsydra-pt.svg/34px-Klepsydra-pt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="244" data-file-height="275" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Modern_history" title="Portal:Modern history">Modern history</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/19px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/29px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/38px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43723#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43723#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43723#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000109375798">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/114192441">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/25397/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJdWPxqydjKPyQMHv4HQv3">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119479575">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n78049769">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb125261531">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb125261531">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00657354">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35172521">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=js20050815012&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.rsl.ru/F?func=find-b&find_code=SYS&adjacent=Y&local_base=RSL11&request=000038531&CON_LNG=ENG">Russia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p071500359">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/22614">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA08864557?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/851372">Trove</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd119479575.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/119479575">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/034512438">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w62z2n0q">SNAC</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Netanyahu&oldid=1259613817">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Netanyahu&oldid=1259613817</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Category:Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1949_births" title="Category:1949 births">1949 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Living_people" 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(1988–1992)">Members of the 12th Knesset (1988–1992)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_13th_Knesset_(1992%E2%80%931996)" title="Category:Members of the 13th Knesset (1992–1996)">Members of the 13th Knesset (1992–1996)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_14th_Knesset_(1996%E2%80%931999)" title="Category:Members of the 14th Knesset (1996–1999)">Members of the 14th Knesset (1996–1999)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_15th_Knesset_(1999%E2%80%932003)" title="Category:Members of the 15th Knesset (1999–2003)">Members of the 15th Knesset (1999–2003)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_16th_Knesset_(2003%E2%80%932006)" title="Category:Members of the 16th Knesset (2003–2006)">Members of the 16th Knesset (2003–2006)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_17th_Knesset_(2006%E2%80%932009)" title="Category:Members of the 17th Knesset (2006–2009)">Members of the 17th Knesset (2006–2009)</a></li><li><a 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592.636 1 Template:Current_heads_of_government"," 7.45% 380.527 96 Template:Cite_web"," 5.16% 263.824 17 Template:Infobox_officeholder/office"," 4.55% 232.569 12 Template:Sfn"," 2.86% 145.905 20 Template:Cite_book"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"3.305","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":29093703,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n}\n\"\"\ntable#1 {\n}\n\"\"\ntable#1 {\n}\n\"\"\nanchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAbu_Toameh2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAderet2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAhren2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAhren2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAlonMualemShragai2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAlpert2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAmnon_Abramovich\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFArchie2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAriel2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAsa-El\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAtwoodTreene2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAverbach2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAvi_Bar-Eli,_Meirav_ArlosoroffOra_Coren2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAvner_Cohen2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBachnerStaff\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBaker2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBaldwin2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBall1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBalmer2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBandel2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarak2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarbaro2012\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFBassok2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBeauchamp2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBeinart2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBekkerCloverWagstyl2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBelam2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBen-Ephraim2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBen_Zion2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBen_Zion2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBenderSharon2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBengal2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBenhorin2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBenn2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBenn2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBerger1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBerger2009\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFBergman,_Ronen2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBergman2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBergman2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBernstein2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBonner2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrand2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrinkley2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBuhbut\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBurga2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBurston2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFByersHider,_James2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCalabresi2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCaspit2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChoi2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCollinsonWrightLabott2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFColvin2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFConnolly2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCortellessa2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavidoff2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDearden2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDoughertyLabott2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFELLEN_KNICKMEYERFARNOUSH_AMIRIASHRAF_KHALIL2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEfune2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEghbariah2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEglash2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEglash2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEglash2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElbagirArvanitidisPlattEbrahim2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEldar2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElhanan_Miller2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEsensten2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFarrell2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFederman2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFelicia_SchwartzDov_Lieber2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFerris-RotmanHellerFletcher2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFisher-Ilan2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFournier2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrenkel2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFreund2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGambill2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGary_WilligNitzan_Keidar2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGilban2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGinsburg2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGlickman2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoldberg2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGollust2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGordon2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGreshVidal2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGross2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHacohen2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHalbfinger2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHalbfinger2019\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFHalbfinger2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHalbfingerKershner2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarel2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarel2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarkov2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHaviv_Rettig_Gur2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHeller2009\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFHeller2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHeller2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHeller2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHellerGoettig2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHellerWilliams2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHendrix2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHendrixRubin2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHirschberg2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoffman2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoffman2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoffman2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoffman2015\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFHoffman2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHofmann2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHolmes2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHovel2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFInquirer1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIrish2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJodi_Rudoren2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohn2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKahn2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKeinon2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKeinon2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKeinon2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKeller-Lynn\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKelly2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKershner2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKessel1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKessler2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKhan2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKornbluth2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKottasová2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLandau2017\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFLaura_Zittrain_EisenbergNeil_Caplan2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLazar2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeifer2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeshem\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLevinRoddySchacknerGuidry2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLevine2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLevinson2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLiba2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLidman,_Melanie2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLis2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLisBar-Zohar2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLisLandau2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLoeffler2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMahnaimiFranchetti,_MarkSwain,_Jon2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaltz2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarciano2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMargolick1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMazzettiBergman2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcGreal2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcKernan2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMelman2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMelman2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMelman2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiskin2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMitchell2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMitnick2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorrisSilver1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoti_BassokJonathan_Lis2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoyer2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMozgovaya\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMualem2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMuhammad_YamanyChen_Gongzheng2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNetanyahu1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNetanyahu1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNetanyahu1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNetanyahu1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNetanyahu2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNetanyahu2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOmri_Nahmias2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOppenheim2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOren2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOri_Lewis2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPerez2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPichetaGoldTal2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPowell2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRabinovitch2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRavid2009\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFRavid2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRavid2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRavid2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRavid2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRavid2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRavidAshkenazi2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRavidBenn2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRavidMozgovayaKhoury2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRay2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReals2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRichards2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRolnik2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRonen2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRonn1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRothBorger2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRudoren2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSalem2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSamuels2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSanger2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchmemann1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchmemann1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchneider2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchneider2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScott2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSells2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSer2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShani2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSharon2023\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFSherwood2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShlomo_Ben-Ami2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShmulovich2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShtrasler2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShumsky2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSofer2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSofer2009\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFSokol2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStern\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSusser2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTait2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTang2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTarnopolsky2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTate2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThomas_Friedman2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTidhar1947\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTobinBirnbaum2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTran2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVick2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVilkomerson2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWade2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWaked2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeingartenAppelbaum2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhatley2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilkinson2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilliams2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilner\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWiner\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWiner,_Stuart2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWinerAhren2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWootliff2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWyler2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFאיזק2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFאייכנראזולאיינקו2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFברנע2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFזרחיהטייטלבאום2023\"] = 1,\n [\"noharv\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 4,\n [\"'\\\"\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Benjamin Netanyahu\"] = 1,\n [\"Birth date and age\"] = 1,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 2,\n [\"Britannica\"] = 1,\n [\"C-SPAN\"] = 1,\n [\"Cbignore\"] = 5,\n [\"Cheltenham\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite AV media\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite Dictionary.com\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 20,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 8,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 337,\n [\"Cite press release\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite report\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 96,\n [\"Conservatism in Israel\"] = 1,\n [\"Current MKs\"] = 1,\n [\"Current government of Israel\"] = 1,\n [\"Current heads of government\"] = 1,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Netanyahu, Benjamin\"] = 1,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 2,\n [\"Efn\"] = 1,\n [\"Further\"] = 6,\n [\"Hlist\"] = 5,\n [\"ICC indictees (NavBox)\"] = 1,\n [\"IMDb name\"] = 1,\n [\"IPA\"] = 1,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 1,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 2,\n [\"ISBN missing\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox officeholder\"] = 1,\n [\"IsraelFinanceMin\"] = 1,\n [\"IsraelForeignMin\"] = 1,\n [\"IsraelPMS\"] = 1,\n [\"Israeli Communications Ministers\"] = 1,\n [\"Israeli Health Ministers\"] = 1,\n [\"Israeli Housing and Construction Ministers\"] = 1,\n [\"Israeli Industry, Trade and Labour Ministers\"] = 1,\n [\"Israeli Ministers of Interior\"] = 1,\n [\"Israeli Ministers of Justice\"] = 1,\n [\"Israeli Religious Services Ministers\"] = 1,\n [\"Israeli Science and Technology Ministers\"] = 1,\n [\"Langx\"] = 1,\n [\"MKlink\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 1,\n [\"Marriage\"] = 3,\n [\"Navboxes\"] = 2,\n [\"Nbsp\"] = 2,\n [\"Nobold\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 2,\n [\"Official URL\"] = 1,\n [\"Official website\"] = 1,\n [\"Opposition leaders (Israel)\"] = 1,\n [\"Permanent Representatives of Israel to the United Nations\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal bar\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-extended\"] = 1,\n [\"ProQuest\"] = 1,\n [\"Quote box\"] = 4,\n [\"Redirect\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Refusenik movement and 1990s post-Soviet aliyah\"] = 1,\n [\"Respell\"] = 1,\n [\"S-aft\"] = 8,\n [\"S-bef\"] = 9,\n [\"S-end\"] = 1,\n [\"S-inc\"] = 1,\n [\"S-off\"] = 1,\n [\"S-ppo\"] = 1,\n [\"S-start\"] = 1,\n [\"S-ttl\"] = 9,\n [\"See also\"] = 2,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 12,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sister project links\"] = 1,\n [\"Tree chart\"] = 5,\n [\"Tree chart/end\"] = 1,\n [\"Tree chart/start\"] = 1,\n [\"Tree list\"] = 1,\n [\"Tree list/end\"] = 1,\n [\"Ubil\"] = 1,\n [\"Ubl\"] = 6,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 14,\n [\"YouTube\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","780","21.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","360","10.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::expandTemplate","320","9.0"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","280","7.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","200","5.6"],["dataWrapper 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