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Mumbai Trans Harbour Link - Wikipedia
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<span>Planning</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Planning-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Planning subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Planning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_attempt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_attempt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>First attempt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_attempt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_attempt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_attempt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Second attempt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_attempt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Third_attempt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third_attempt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Third attempt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Third_attempt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fourth_attempt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fourth_attempt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Fourth attempt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fourth_attempt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Switch_from_PPP_to_EPC_model" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Switch_from_PPP_to_EPC_model"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Switch from PPP to EPC model</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Switch_from_PPP_to_EPC_model-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tendering" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tendering"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Tendering</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tendering-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Land_acquisition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Land_acquisition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Land acquisition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Land_acquisition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metro_line" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metro_line"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Metro line</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metro_line-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Construction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Construction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Construction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Construction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Features</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Features-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Features subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Noise_and_vision_barriers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noise_and_vision_barriers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Noise and vision barriers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noise_and_vision_barriers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bird_watching_platform" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bird_watching_platform"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Bird watching platform</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bird_watching_platform-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Traffic_management_and_safety_measures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traffic_management_and_safety_measures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Traffic management and safety measures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traffic_management_and_safety_measures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Technology_and_other_features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technology_and_other_features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Technology and other features</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Technology_and_other_features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmental_safety_and_Sustainability_measures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_safety_and_Sustainability_measures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Environmental safety and Sustainability measures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmental_safety_and_Sustainability_measures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cost" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cost"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Cost</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cost-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Connectivity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Connectivity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Connectivity</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Connectivity-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Connectivity subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Connectivity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sewri_interchange" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sewri_interchange"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Sewri interchange</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sewri_interchange-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sewri–Worli_connector" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sewri–Worli_connector"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.1</span> <span>Sewri–Worli connector</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sewri–Worli_connector-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shivajinagar_interchange" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shivajinagar_interchange"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Shivajinagar interchange</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shivajinagar_interchange-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chirle_interchange" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chirle_interchange"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Chirle interchange</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chirle_interchange-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Toll" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toll"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Toll</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Toll-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mumbai Trans Harbour Link</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 7 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-7" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">7 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%87_%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%95" title="মুম্বই ট্রান্স হার্বার লিংক – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মুম্বই ট্রান্স হার্বার লিংক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai_Trans_Harbour_Link" title="Mumbai Trans Harbour Link – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mumbai Trans Harbour Link" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%80-%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B9%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BE_%E0%AA%B6%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BE_%E0%AA%A6%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%87%E0%AA%96%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A1%E0%AB%80_%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%81" title="સેવરી-ન્હાવા શેવા દરિયાઇખાડી સેતુ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="સેવરી-ન્હાવા શેવા દરિયાઇખાડી સેતુ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81" title="शिवड़ी-न्हावा शेवा अटल सेतु – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="शिवड़ी-न्हावा शेवा अटल सेतु" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%88_%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D" title="മുംബൈ ട്രാൻസ് ഹാർബർ ലിങ്ക് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മുംബൈ ട്രാൻസ് ഹാർബർ ലിങ്ക്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%82" title="शिवडी-न्हावा शेवा अटल सेतू – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="शिवडी-न्हावा शेवा अटल सेतू" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%88_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="மும்பை அடல் பாலம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மும்பை அடல் பாலம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2723192#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Trans_Harbour_Link" title="View the content page [c]" 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mumbai_Trans_Harbour_Link&params=18.9811_N_72.9169_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">18°58′52″N</span> <span class="longitude">72°55′01″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">18.9811°N 72.9169°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">18.9811; 72.9169</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Sea bridge in India</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn org">Mumbai Trans Harbour Link</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Atal_Setu_-_Trans_Harbour_Link_Mumbai.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Atal_Setu_-_Trans_Harbour_Link_Mumbai.jpg/250px-Atal_Setu_-_Trans_Harbour_Link_Mumbai.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Atal_Setu_-_Trans_Harbour_Link_Mumbai.jpg/375px-Atal_Setu_-_Trans_Harbour_Link_Mumbai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Atal_Setu_-_Trans_Harbour_Link_Mumbai.jpg/500px-Atal_Setu_-_Trans_Harbour_Link_Mumbai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mumbai_Trans_Harbour_Link&params=18.9811_N_72.9169_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">18°58′52″N</span> <span class="longitude">72°55′01″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">18.9811°N 72.9169°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">18.9811; 72.9169</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Carries</th><td class="infobox-data">6-<a href="/wiki/Lane" title="Lane">lanes</a> (3 lanes in each direction)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Crosses</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thane_Creek" title="Thane Creek">Thane Creek</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Locale</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Metropolitan_Region" title="Mumbai Metropolitan Region">Mumbai Metropolitan Region</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a>, India</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Begins</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sewri" title="Sewri">Sewri</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Mumbai" title="South Mumbai">South Mumbai</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ends</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chirle" title="Chirle">Chirle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uran_taluka" title="Uran taluka">Uran taluka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Navi_Mumbai" title="Navi Mumbai">Navi Mumbai</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official name</th><td class="infobox-data">Atal Bihari Vajpayee Sewri–Nhava Sheva Atal Setu</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other name(s)</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Atal Setu</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Named for</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Metropolitan_Region_Development_Authority" title="Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority">Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mmrda.maharashtra.gov.in/projects/transport/mumbai-trans-harbour-link/overview">mmrda<wbr />.maharashtra<wbr />.gov<wbr />.in<wbr />/projects<wbr />/transport<wbr />/mumbai-trans-harbour-link<wbr />/overview</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef;">Characteristics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Design</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Concrete" title="Concrete">Concrete</a>-<a href="/wiki/Steel" title="Steel">steel</a> pre-cast segment viaduct</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Total length</th><td class="infobox-data">21.8 kilometres (13.5 mi)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Width</th><td class="infobox-data">27 metres (89 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Height</th><td class="infobox-data">25 metres (82 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Water depth</th><td class="infobox-data">47 metres (154 ft)<sup id="cite_ref-Ozarkar_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ozarkar-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Traversable?</th><td class="infobox-data">Yes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Longest span</th><td class="infobox-data">180 metres (590 ft)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Piers in water</th><td class="infobox-data">1,089<sup id="cite_ref-Ozarkar_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ozarkar-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Design life</th><td class="infobox-data">100+ years</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef;">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Engineering design by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/AECOM" title="AECOM">AECOM</a>, PADECO, <a href="/wiki/Dar_Al-Handasah" title="Dar Al-Handasah">Dar Al-Handasah</a> and <a href="/wiki/T._Y._Lin_International" title="T. Y. Lin International">T. Y. Lin International</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Constructed by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Larsen_%26_Toubro" title="Larsen & Toubro">Larsen & Toubro</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/IHI_Corporation" title="IHI Corporation">IHI Corporation</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Daewoo_E%26C" title="Daewoo E&C">Daewoo E&C</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Projects" title="Tata Projects">Tata Projects</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=EFKON_Strabag&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EFKON Strabag (page does not exist)">EFKON Strabag</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Construction start</th><td class="infobox-data">24 April 2018<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Construction end</th><td class="infobox-data">December 2023<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Construction cost</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>17,843 crore</span> (US$2.1 billion)<sup id="cite_ref-TMRG_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TMRG-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Opened</th><td class="infobox-data">12 January 2024<span class="noprint">; 10 months ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">12 January 2024</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef;">Statistics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Toll</th><td class="infobox-data"><b>Car:</b> ₹ 200 (single)<br />₹ 300 (return)<br /><b>Bus:</b> ₹ 320 (single)<br />₹ 480 (return)<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Light_commercial_vehicle" title="Light commercial vehicle">LCV</a>:</b> ₹ 655 (single)<br />₹ 985 (return)<br /><b>Truck:</b> ₹ 715 (single)<br />₹ 1075 (return)<br /><b>Heavy-duty truck:</b> ₹ 1030 (single)<br />₹ 1545 (return)<br /><b>Oversized truck:</b> ₹ 1255 (single)<br />₹ 1885 (return)<sup id="cite_ref-AI_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AI-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef;">Location</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="10" data-lat="18.9811" data-lon="72.9169" data-overlays="["_e66f8fb90728c0455f93175dfe23d7e87afbc9df"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/10/18.9811/72.9169/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,18.9811,72.9169,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Mumbai_Trans_Harbour_Link&revid=1252572023&groups=_e66f8fb90728c0455f93175dfe23d7e87afbc9df" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,18.9811,72.9169,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Mumbai_Trans_Harbour_Link&revid=1252572023&groups=_e66f8fb90728c0455f93175dfe23d7e87afbc9df 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Mumbai Trans Harbour Link</b>, officially named as <b>Atal Bihari Vajpayee Sewri–Nhava Sheva Atal Setu</b> and colloquially known as <b>Atal Setu</b>, is a 21.8 km (13.5 mi) 6-lane <a href="/wiki/Grade_separation" title="Grade separation">grade separated</a> <a href="/wiki/Expressways_of_India" title="Expressways of India">expressway</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> bridge, which connects <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a> with <a href="/wiki/Navi_Mumbai" title="Navi Mumbai">Navi Mumbai</a>, its <a href="/wiki/Satellite_city" title="Satellite city">satellite city</a>. It is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_longest_bridges_above_water_in_India" title="List of longest bridges above water in India">longest sea bridge</a> in India, and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_longest_bridges" title="List of longest bridges">world's 12th longest sea bridge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bridge begins in <a href="/wiki/Sewri" title="Sewri">Sewri</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Mumbai" title="South Mumbai">South Mumbai</a>, crosses <a href="/wiki/Thane_Creek" title="Thane Creek">Thane Creek</a> north of <a href="/wiki/Elephanta_Island" title="Elephanta Island">Elephanta Island</a>, and terminates at <a href="/wiki/Chirle" title="Chirle">Chirle</a> near <a href="/wiki/Nhava_Sheva" class="mw-redirect" title="Nhava Sheva">Nhava Sheva</a> in <a href="/wiki/Uran_taluka" title="Uran taluka">Uran taluka</a>, Navi Mumbai. The road is linked to the <a href="/wiki/Mumbai%E2%80%93Pune_Expressway" title="Mumbai–Pune Expressway">Mumbai–Pune Expressway</a> in the east and to the <a href="/wiki/Coastal_Road_(Mumbai)" title="Coastal Road (Mumbai)">Coastal Road</a> in the west. The 6-lane highway is 27 meters in width, in addition to two emergency exit lanes,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> two edge strips, parallel crash barriers and noise barriers on both sides.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The project costs a total of <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>17,843 crore</span> (US$2.1 billion).<sup id="cite_ref-TMRG_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TMRG-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bridge has a capacity to handle 70,000 vehicles per day.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Construction on the bridge began in April 2018,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and was inaugurated by <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> on 12 January 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai_Trans_Harbour_Link&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PM_inspecting_the_Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_Sewri-Nhava_Sheva_Atal_Setu_at_Navi_Mumbai,_in_Maharashtra_on_January_12,_2024.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/PM_inspecting_the_Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_Sewri-Nhava_Sheva_Atal_Setu_at_Navi_Mumbai%2C_in_Maharashtra_on_January_12%2C_2024.jpg/220px-PM_inspecting_the_Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_Sewri-Nhava_Sheva_Atal_Setu_at_Navi_Mumbai%2C_in_Maharashtra_on_January_12%2C_2024.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/PM_inspecting_the_Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_Sewri-Nhava_Sheva_Atal_Setu_at_Navi_Mumbai%2C_in_Maharashtra_on_January_12%2C_2024.jpg/330px-PM_inspecting_the_Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_Sewri-Nhava_Sheva_Atal_Setu_at_Navi_Mumbai%2C_in_Maharashtra_on_January_12%2C_2024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/PM_inspecting_the_Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_Sewri-Nhava_Sheva_Atal_Setu_at_Navi_Mumbai%2C_in_Maharashtra_on_January_12%2C_2024.jpg/440px-PM_inspecting_the_Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_Sewri-Nhava_Sheva_Atal_Setu_at_Navi_Mumbai%2C_in_Maharashtra_on_January_12%2C_2024.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="1216" /></a><figcaption>Prime minister inspecting the Atal Bihari Vajpayee Sewri-Nhava Sheva Atal Setu at Navi Mumbai, in Maharashtra on January 12, 2024</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 1990s, keeping the future of the <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Metropolitan_Region" title="Mumbai Metropolitan Region">Mumbai Metropolitan Region</a> in mind, the <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Metropolitan_Region_Development_Authority" title="Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority">Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority</a> (MMRDA) began studies on how to decongest the rising traffic and congestion in <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a>, and accidents and mishaps as their direct consequences. There are currently six bridges connecting Mumbai and <a href="/wiki/Navi_Mumbai" title="Navi Mumbai">Navi Mumbai</a> across the <a href="/wiki/Thane_Creek" title="Thane Creek">Thane Creek</a>, but, they are too narrow and outdated to handle future traffic. As a result, all of them are constrained and are carrying traffic beyond their limits, also increasing the commute time between the two cities. So, the MMRDA planned to build a comprehensive link between the two cities so to handle more traffic and make travel more easier, faster, safer and hassle-free. The proposal was sent to the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Maharashtra" title="Government of Maharashtra">Government of Maharashtra</a> for consideration in 2012. In 2015, the project was approved by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Road_Transport_and_Highways" title="Ministry of Road Transport and Highways">Ministry of Road Transport and Highways</a> (MoRTH). Hence, the <a href="/wiki/Cornerstone" title="Cornerstone">foundation stone</a> for the construction of the project was laid by <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> on 24 December 2016. Initially, it was expected to be completed by 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Then, the MMRDA awarded contracts for the project in November 2017, and construction began in April 2018, which was scheduled to be completed within 4.5 years, by 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-TMRG_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TMRG-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the construction was delayed by around 8 months due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, and was expected to be completed by August 2023, then again by December 2023. The construction was finally completed in December 2023, and was inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 12 January 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Planning">Planning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai_Trans_Harbour_Link&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Planning"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mumbai_trans_Harbor_link.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Mumbai_trans_Harbor_link.jpg/220px-Mumbai_trans_Harbor_link.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Mumbai_trans_Harbor_link.jpg/330px-Mumbai_trans_Harbor_link.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Mumbai_trans_Harbor_link.jpg/440px-Mumbai_trans_Harbor_link.jpg 2x" data-file-width="754" data-file-height="575" /></a><figcaption>Mumbai trans Harbor link map</figcaption></figure> <p>Transportation and traffic planning for <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Metropolitan_Region" title="Mumbai Metropolitan Region">Greater Bombay</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a>) was commissioned for <a href="/wiki/CDM_Smith#History" title="CDM Smith">Wilbur Smith and Associates</a> (WSA) (now (<a href="/wiki/CDM_Smith" title="CDM Smith">CDM Smith</a>) in mid-1962. The firm's report, based on extensive studies conducted over 18 months, was handed over to the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Road_Transport_and_Highways" title="Ministry of Road Transport and Highways">Ministry of Road Transport and Highways</a> (MoRTH) on 19 December 1963. Among other projects, the report proposed the construction of a sea link, known as the Uran Bridge, to connect Mumbai with the mainland near the town of <a href="/wiki/Uran" title="Uran">Uran</a>. However, WSA was unsure of the link's feasibility. Citing poor traffic expectations in Uran even in 1981, WSA's report advised a more detailed study of this connection and recommended waiting until the Trans-<a href="/wiki/Thane" title="Thane">Thane</a> area would develop further and more community services would be extended to Uran."<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1973, the <a href="/wiki/Vashi_Bridge" title="Vashi Bridge">Vashi Bridge</a> linking <a href="/wiki/Mankhurd" title="Mankhurd">Mankhurd</a> in Mumbai with <a href="/wiki/Vashi" title="Vashi">Vashi</a> in <a href="/wiki/Navi_Mumbai" title="Navi Mumbai">Navi Mumbai</a> was opened. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_attempt">First attempt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai_Trans_Harbour_Link&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: First attempt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first concrete attempt to build the sea link was made in 2004, when <a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_Leasing_%26_Financial_Services" title="Infrastructure Leasing & Financial Services">Infrastructure Leasing & Financial Services</a> (IL&FS) submitted a proposal to implement the project on a <a href="/wiki/Build%E2%80%93operate%E2%80%93transfer" title="Build–operate–transfer">build, own, operate, and transfer</a> (BOOT) basis. The <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_State_Road_Development_Corporation" title="Maharashtra State Road Development Corporation">Maharashtra State Road Development Corporation</a> (MSRDC) also submitted a counter proposal. However, the IL&FS proposal was sidelined by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Maharashtra" title="Government of Maharashtra">Government of Maharashtra</a>, for undisclosed reasons.<sup id="cite_ref-moneylife.in_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moneylife.in-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_attempt">Second attempt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai_Trans_Harbour_Link&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Second attempt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Another attempt was made in 2005, when the MSRDC invited bids for the project. The bids submitted by the <a href="/wiki/Ambani" title="Ambani">Ambani</a> brothers were considered to be unrealistic.<sup id="cite_ref-TOI1_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TOI1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A consortium of the <a href="/wiki/Anil_Dhirubhai_Ambani_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group">Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reliance_Infrastructure" title="Reliance Infrastructure">Reliance Energy</a> (REL) and <a href="/wiki/Hyundai_Engineering_%26_Construction" title="Hyundai Engineering & Construction">Hyundai Engineering & Construction</a> quoted a concession period of nine years and 11 months, against 75 years quoted by <a href="/wiki/Mukesh_Ambani" title="Mukesh Ambani">Mukesh Ambani</a>'s Sea King Infrastructure (the only other shortlisted bidder left, after <a href="/wiki/Larsen_%26_Toubro" title="Larsen & Toubro">Larsen & Toubro</a>-<a href="/wiki/Gammon_India" title="Gammon India">Gammon</a> and <a href="/wiki/IFFCO" class="mw-redirect" title="IFFCO">IFFCO</a> opted out). The REL-Hyundai consortium was initially disqualified at the technical bid stage, as Hyundai did not meet the criteria of $200 million net worth specified in the bid document. However, the consortium challenged the disqualification in the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court</a>, and the Court granted them 90 days to submit their bid that ended on 15 December 2007. The consortium eventually won the bid in February 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the MSRDC was not sure about viability of the low concession period. The MSRDC felt that the concession periods were "unrealistic" and that both bids "seemed frivolous in nature".<sup id="cite_ref-moneylife.in_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moneylife.in-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Third_attempt">Third attempt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai_Trans_Harbour_Link&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Third attempt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Maharashtra" title="Government of Maharashtra">Government of Maharashtra</a> called for fresh bids for the project in 2008. However, none of the 13 companies that had shown interest submitted bids.<sup id="cite_ref-TOI1_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TOI1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The media criticized the political feud between the ruling <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Congress_Party" title="Nationalist Congress Party">Nationalist Congress Party</a> (NCP) and <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a> coalition, as being responsible for "slowing down the pace of Mumbai's development". The city's two infrastructure agencies, the MSRDC and the <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Metropolitan_Region_Development_Authority" title="Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority">Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority</a> (MMRDA), under the NCP and Congress respectively, were both planning to construct the Mumbai Trans Harbour Link (MTHL) at the same time. The project underwent two failed rounds of tendering under the MSRDC, and was stuck for nearly two years (between 2009 and 2011), before the state government decided to hand over the mandate to MMRDA. Following the decision, the MSRDC asked MMRDA to pay <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>25 crore</span> (US$3.0 million) if it wanted access to any of the studies on the project conducted by the former. After the MMRDA was tasked with executing the MTHL, the MSRDC took up the expansion of the <a href="/wiki/Vashi_Bridge" title="Vashi Bridge">Vashi Bridge</a> by adding six more lanes to ease congestion at the entrance to Navi Mumbai. However, the MMRDA refused the MSRDC's request to allocate funds for the expansion of the Vashi Bridge, as the former believed that the expansion would divert some ridership from the MTHL.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fourth_attempt">Fourth attempt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai_Trans_Harbour_Link&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Fourth attempt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The MMRDA appointed <a href="/wiki/Arup_Group" title="Arup Group">Arup Consultancy Engineers</a> and <a href="/wiki/KPMG" title="KPMG">KPMG</a> to conduct the techno-economic feasibility study of the MTHL in August 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-TOI1_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TOI1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The MTHL project was proposed as a <a href="/wiki/Public%E2%80%93private_partnership" title="Public–private partnership">public–private partnership</a> (PPP) model.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The project received clearance from the then <a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Maharashtra" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Minister of Maharashtra">Chief Minister of Maharashtra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prithviraj_Chavan" title="Prithviraj Chavan">Prithviraj Chavan</a>, on 22 October 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a></i> described the MTHL's delay as being "symbolic of all that is wrong with infrastructure planning and implementation in Mumbai". The newspaper daily also stated that a project being "on the drawing board after more than forty years would be in the realm of fiction in any other country".<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The project received environmental clearance from the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Environment,_Forest_and_Climate_Change" title="Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change">Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change</a> (MoEFCC) on 23 October 2012. The <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_State_Road_Development_Corporation" title="Maharashtra State Road Development Corporation">Maharashtra State Road Development Corporation</a> (MSRDC) had obtained clearance for the project in March 2005, but the certificate was valid only for 5 years and lapsed due to the delays in the bidding process. The ministry laid down 11 conditions that the MMRDA had to follow. Some of the conditions were that the MMRDA had to put up noise barriers, replant five times the number of mangroves destroyed, not carry out dredging or reclamation, use construction equipment with exhaust silencers and work in consultation with the <a href="/wiki/Bombay_Natural_History_Society" title="Bombay Natural History Society">Bombay Natural History Society</a> to minimize the impact on migratory birds.<sup id="cite_ref-HTimes_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HTimes-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Environmental activists were opposed to the clearance. They pointed out that there was no public hearing following the second application for environmental clearance. They still believe that the sea link is not allowed as per the new <a href="/wiki/Coastal_Regulation_Zone" title="Coastal Regulation Zone">Coastal Regulation Zone</a> (CRZ) notification of 2011. They also claim that the sea link would damage a huge mudflat and mangrove tract towards <a href="/wiki/Sewri" title="Sewri">Sewri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nhava_Sheva" class="mw-redirect" title="Nhava Sheva">Nhava Sheva</a>, which is a habitat for migratory birds like flamingos.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, the MMRDA finalised the plan to construct sound barriers on the bridge so that it does not affect the flamingo habitat at Sewri. The <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Atomic_Energy" title="Department of Atomic Energy">Department of Atomic Energy</a> (DAE) had directed MMRDA to construct a six-km long view barrier to cut the view of <a href="/wiki/Bhabha_Atomic_Research_Centre" title="Bhabha Atomic Research Centre">Bhabha Atomic Research Centre</a> (BARC).<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The MTHL received coastal regulation zone clearance from the MoEFCC on 19 July 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 31 October 2012, the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(India)#Department_of_Economic_Affairs" title="Ministry of Finance (India)">Department of Economic Affairs</a> (DEA) granted in-principle approval for the MTHL.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The DEA recommended granting <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>1,920 crore</span> (US$230 million) with a concession period of 35 years for the project.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the first meeting, between MMRDA and DEA officials in September 2012, the ministry had asked the authority to treat the sea link as a road and reduce the proposed concession period from 45 years to 30 years. They also expected an internal rate of return of 15% for the project. However, the MMRDA wanted a higher rate as they claimed the project was very risky. An internal rate of return of 17% was agreed upon. The termination clause in the concession agreement comes into effect after 30 years into the concession period. The MMRDA can invoke the clause based on certain conditions, such as the capacity being higher than expected. The conditions will be reviewed in the 20th year of the concession agreement.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The DEA is the first tier of the three-tier clearance process to get <a href="/wiki/Viability_gap_funding" class="mw-redirect" title="Viability gap funding">viability gap funding</a> (VGF) for the project. The project must also receive approval from an empowered committee and finally from the <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_(India)" title="Minister of Finance (India)">Finance Minister</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HTimes_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HTimes-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 9 November 2012, the State Government issued a state-support agreement and a toll notification for the project.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The empowered committee approved VGF for MTHL on 12 December 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The then Finance Minister, <a href="/wiki/P._Chidambaram" title="P. Chidambaram">P. Chidambaram</a>, cleared the project on 18 January 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-dnaindia1_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dnaindia1-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru_Port_Trust" class="mw-redirect" title="Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust">Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust</a> (JNPT) asked the MMRDA to build the MTHL at a height of 51 metres, instead of the proposed 25 metres, for a span of 300 metres to accommodate its expansion plans for its fifth container terminal and to allow safe passage of bigger vessels. MMRDA expressed that a height of 51 metres would not be feasible as it would have a huge impact on the cost. However, MMRDA officials expressed willingness to raise the height of the bridge to 31–35 metres.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 8 January 2012, the then <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Shipping_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Shipping (India)">Minister of Shipping</a> and <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament#India" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament">MP</a> from <a href="/wiki/South_Mumbai" title="South Mumbai">South Mumbai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milind_Murli_Deora" class="mw-redirect" title="Milind Murli Deora">Milind Murli Deora</a>, told reporters that JNPT would issue a <a href="/wiki/No_Objection_Certificate" title="No Objection Certificate">No Objection Certificate</a> (NOC) to the state government to go ahead with the project.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2012, the MMRDA shortlisted five consortia for the project: <a href="/wiki/Cintra" title="Cintra">Cintra</a>-SOMA-Srei, <a href="/wiki/Gammon_India" title="Gammon India">Gammon Infrastructure Projects Ltd.</a>-<a href="/wiki/Obrasc%C3%B3n_Huarte_Lain" title="Obrascón Huarte Lain">OHL</a>, Concessions-<a href="/wiki/GS_Group" title="GS Group">G.S. Engineering</a>, <a href="/wiki/GMR_Group" title="GMR Group">GMR Infrastructure</a>-<a href="/wiki/Larsen_and_Toubro" class="mw-redirect" title="Larsen and Toubro">L&T Ltd</a>.-<a href="/wiki/Samsung_C%26T_Corporation" title="Samsung C&T Corporation">Samsung C&T Corporation</a>, <a href="/wiki/IRB_Infrastructure" title="IRB Infrastructure">IRB Infrastructure Developers Ltd</a>.-<a href="/wiki/Hyundai_Engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyundai Engineering">Hyundai</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tata_Projects" title="Tata Projects">Tata Realty and Infrastructure Ltd.</a>-<a href="/wiki/Autostrade_per_l%27Italia" title="Autostrade per l'Italia">Autostrade Indian Infrastructure Development Pvt. Ltd.</a>-<a href="/wiki/Vinci_SA" title="Vinci SA">Vinci Concessions Development Pvt. Ltd</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> None of the five shortlisted firms bid for the project by the deadline, which was extended to 5 August.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> IRB-Hyundai announced their withdrawal from the bidding process, on 31 July 2013, citing "the government's apathy and unfriendly attitude towards investors wanting to develop capital-intensive infrastructure projects".<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the failure of the tender, the MMRDA decided to abandon the PPP model and instead implement the project on cash contract basis.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2013, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a> had sanctioned <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>1,920 crore</span> (US$230 million), which was 20% of the project cost at the time, in viability gap for the MTHL.<sup id="cite_ref-indianexpress2_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-indianexpress2-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under the public private partnership (PPP) basis that the project was proposed to be implemented in,<sup id="cite_ref-The_Indian_Express_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Indian_Express-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the state government would also contribute the same amount as the centre, while the remaining 60% would have been borne by the developer who won the bid.<sup id="cite_ref-HTimes_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HTimes-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_Indian_Express_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Indian_Express-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The concession period would have been 35 years, which included the timeframe of 5 years for the construction.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the consortia shortlisted for the project were concerned that 15–20% of the projected traffic for the MTHL, was due to the proposed and now under-construction <a href="/wiki/Navi_Mumbai_International_Airport" title="Navi Mumbai International Airport">Navi Mumbai International Airport</a>, which was heavily delayed. The MMRDA added provision for a shortfall loan to be made available from the central government if traffic is 20% under the estimate.<sup id="cite_ref-indianexpress2_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-indianexpress2-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Switch_from_PPP_to_EPC_model">Switch from PPP to EPC model</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai_Trans_Harbour_Link&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Switch from PPP to EPC model"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The MMRDA decided to scrap the PPP model for the project in August 2013, and instead execute it on an <a href="/wiki/Engineering,_procurement,_and_construction" title="Engineering, procurement, and construction">engineering, procurement, and construction</a> (EPC) basis. Subsequently, the <a href="/wiki/Japan_International_Cooperation_Agency" title="Japan International Cooperation Agency">Japan International Cooperation Agency</a> (JICA) expressed interest in providing funds for the project. In January 2014, Ashwini Bhide, the then MMRDA additional metropolitan commissioner, told <i><a href="/wiki/The_Indian_Express" title="The Indian Express">The Indian Express</a></i> that the state government had sent a formal proposal to the DEA for its approval to get funds from JICA.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 2014, <i><a href="/wiki/Business_Line" title="Business Line">Business Line</a></i> reported that Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust authorities had agreed to pick up a stake in the project.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flamingos_at_Mahul_Sewree_Mudflats_Mumbai_by_Dr._Raju_Kasambe.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flamingos_at_Mahul_Sewree_Mudflats_Mumbai_by_Dr._Raju_Kasambe.JPG/220px-Flamingos_at_Mahul_Sewree_Mudflats_Mumbai_by_Dr._Raju_Kasambe.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flamingos_at_Mahul_Sewree_Mudflats_Mumbai_by_Dr._Raju_Kasambe.JPG/330px-Flamingos_at_Mahul_Sewree_Mudflats_Mumbai_by_Dr._Raju_Kasambe.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flamingos_at_Mahul_Sewree_Mudflats_Mumbai_by_Dr._Raju_Kasambe.JPG/440px-Flamingos_at_Mahul_Sewree_Mudflats_Mumbai_by_Dr._Raju_Kasambe.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1126" data-file-height="752" /></a><figcaption>Flamingos and other migratory birds at the <a href="/wiki/Mahul" title="Mahul">Mahul</a>-<a href="/wiki/Sewri" title="Sewri">Sewri</a> mudflats</figcaption></figure> <p>The project ran into a major hurdle in April 2015, when the forest advisory committee (FAC) of the MoEFCC withheld its clearance for the project, stating that it would affect the existing mangroves as well as the flamingo population. The project require clearance from the ministry as it will affect 38 hectares of protected mangrove forests and 8.8 hectares of forest land on the Navi Mumbai end. The sea link's starting point poses a threat to an estimated 20,000–30,000 lesser and greater flamingos and the mangrove habitat. The Sewri mudflats are home to 150 species of birds species, and is listed as an "Important Bird Area". The FAC instructed the state government to submit a study report on the project's impact on the flamingo population, and recommended that the government seek the help of either the <a href="/wiki/Bombay_Natural_History_Society" title="Bombay Natural History Society">Bombay Natural History Society</a> (BNHS) or the <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_Institute_of_India" title="Wildlife Institute of India">Wildlife Institute of India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dehradun" title="Dehradun">Dehradun</a>, to conduct the study. The cost of the study would be borne by the MMRDA, which would also have to come with safeguards to cause the least disturbance to the flamingos at Sewri. </p><p>On 17 April 2015, the Minister of Road Transport and Highways, <a href="/wiki/Nitin_Gadkari" title="Nitin Gadkari">Nitin Gadkari</a>, stated that he favoured the construction of a submarine tunnel instead of a sea link. Gadkari stated that the tunnel would cost less than a bridge (citing the example of the <a href="/wiki/Liefkenshoektunnel" title="Liefkenshoektunnel">tunnel in Belgium</a>), and would also be aesthetically preferable as a sea link would obstruct the city's coastline. However, Gadkari clarified that the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a> would accept the final decision made by the state government on this matter.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following a visit to China, the then <a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Maharashtra" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Minister of Maharashtra">Chief Minister of Maharashtra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Devendra_Fadnavis" title="Devendra Fadnavis">Devendra Fadnavis</a>, announced on 20 May 2015, that the <a href="/wiki/China_Communications_Construction_Company" title="China Communications Construction Company">China Communications Construction Company</a> (CCCC) had expressed interest in the MTHL project. According to Fadnavis, the CCCC will complete the project within 3–4 years of being appointed and will also provide 2% concessional funding for the project.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2015, the project was cleared by the Maharashtra Coastal Zone Management Authority (MCZMA).<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 2016, the Forest Advisory Committee (FAC) granted forest clearance,<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Experts' Appraisal Committee (EAC) attached to the MoEFCC granted CRZ clearance to the project.<sup id="cite_ref-business-standard1_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-business-standard1-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The CRZ came with a rider requiring the MMRDA to spend at least ₹ 335 crore towards an "environment management programme".<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the same month, Fadnavis announced that the project had received all required clearances.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2016, JICA agreed to loan 80% of the total cost of the project to the state government at an annual interest rate of 1–1.4%. The MMRDA will bear 1.2% of the project cost, and the remaining amount will be borne by the state government.<sup id="cite_ref-SJog_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SJog-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As JICA was unwilling to loan directly to the state government, the Union Government stood as a guarantor of the loan.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As part of the agreement between JICA and the state government, 2 rescue lanes will be added to the proposed plan for the MTHL, and a 4 km stretch of the bridge will be constructed as a steel-only structure instead of previous plan to build a cement and concrete bridge. The use of steel on this stretch will raise the project cost by ₹ 4000 crores.<sup id="cite_ref-SJog_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SJog-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> JICA formally approved the funding agreement on 9 May 2016, and the MMRDA began the bidding process the following day.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The MTHL received final environment clearance from the State Forest Department in May 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-FE_Fishermen_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FE_Fishermen-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tendering">Tendering</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai_Trans_Harbour_Link&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Tendering"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The MMRDA invited request for qualifications (RFQ) for civil construction of three packages – a 10.38-kilometre-long (6.45 mi) bridge section across the Mumbai Bay and Sewri interchange (<span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>6,600 crore), a 7.807-kilometre-long (4.851 mi) bridge section across Mumbai Bay and Shivaji Nagar, near Gavan interchange (<span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>4,900 crore), and a 3.613-kilometre-long (2.245 mi) viaduct including interchanges at SH-52, SH-54, and NH-4B near <a href="/wiki/Chirle" title="Chirle">Chirle</a>, Navi Mumbai.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The MMRDA received 11 pre-qualification bids each for the first and second packages, and 17 bids for the third package.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The agency stated that a single party would not be awarded the first and second packages together, although any other combination of the three packages would be permitted.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The MMRDA appointed a consortium formed by <a href="/wiki/AECOM" title="AECOM">AECOM</a> Asia Co. Ltd., Padeco India Pvt. Ltd, <a href="/wiki/Dar_Al-Handasah" title="Dar Al-Handasah">Dar Al-Handasah</a>, and <a href="/wiki/T._Y._Lin_International" title="T. Y. Lin International">T. Y. Lin International</a> as the general consultant for the project on 26 November 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to U.P.S. Madan, the then Metropolitan Commissioner of the MMRDA, stated that the general consultants appointed for the MTHL project would engage in various activities, such as to help MMRDA organise pre-bid meetings, examine bid documents, secure various permissions from government, semi-government, examine concept designs, monitor construction of the project and ensure quality of the work among other things.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After evaluating the bids, in January 2017, the MMRDA shortlisted a total of 29 contractors for the three packages and floated tenders for the request for proposal (RFP) stage, the final stage of the bidding process. The agency fixed 5 April 2017 as the final date for submissions of the RFP bids.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The submission date was later postponed to 5 June.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the agency received over 3,000 queries from the shortlisted bidders, and was again forced to postpone the date to 17 July in order to respond to all queries.<sup id="cite_ref-IE_port_land_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IE_port_land-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The MMRDA applied for security clearance from the Union <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Home_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of Home Affairs (India)">Ministry of Home Affairs</a> to carry out construction near the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, the <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Port_Trust" class="mw-redirect" title="Mumbai Port Trust">Mumbai Port Trust</a> and the Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust. These facilities have restricted areas that are covered by the <a href="/wiki/Official_Secrets_Act_(India)" title="Official Secrets Act (India)"><i>Official Secrets Act</i></a>. The MMRDA also submitted the names of all companies that bid for the project to the Home Ministry. The ministry will grant clearance after consultations with other ministries, such as the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_External_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of External Affairs (India)">Ministry of External Affairs</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_intelligence_agencies" title="List of Indian intelligence agencies">intelligence agencies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Home Ministry denied security clearance to a bid from China Railway Major Bridge Engineering Group in a joint venture with Gayatri Projects Limited, and also to a consortium of IL&FS Engineering Limited and Ranjit Buildcon Limited.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both consortia were subsequently disqualified from the bidding process by the MMRDA. The MMRDA stated that Home Ministry had not provided the agency with any official reason for denying security clearance. IL&FS Engineering filed an appeal against the decision in the <a href="/wiki/Bombay_High_Court" title="Bombay High Court">Bombay High Court</a> on 18 July. The Court permitted IL&FS to submit its bid, subject to a final decision by the Court.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The MMRDA received bids from 17 of the 29 shortlisted contractors by the final bid submission date on 19 July 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The agency stated that it would take a month to conduct technical evaluations of the bids and to award contracts.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 9 November 2017, the MMRDA awarded contracts to a consortium of <a href="/wiki/Larsen_%26_Toubro" title="Larsen & Toubro">Larsen & Toubro</a> (L&T) and Japan's <a href="/wiki/IHI_Corporation" title="IHI Corporation">IHI Corporation</a>, a consortium of <a href="/wiki/Daewoo" title="Daewoo">Daewoo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tata_Projects" title="Tata Projects">Tata Projects</a> (TPL), and L&T itself to construct the Sewri side of the sea bridge, the Navi Mumbai side of the sea bridge, and the bridge portion on land towards Chirle, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The contracts between the MMRDA and the L&T-IHI Corporation consortium were officially signed on 27 December 2017. L&T was awarded <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>7,637.3 crore</span> (US$920 million) for the 10.38 km package 1 and <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>1,013.79 crore</span> (US$120 million) for the 3.61 km package 3. The contract for the 7.807 km package 2 was signed with Daewoo and Tata Projects at a cost of <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>5,612.61 crore</span> (US$670 million) at a later date.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The MMRDA invited bids for Package 4 in September 2021. The tender includes the design, supply, installation, testing, and commissioning of an <a href="/wiki/Intelligent_transport_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Intelligent transport system">intelligent transport system</a>, toll management, highway and bridge street lighting, electrical works, construction of toll plazas, and administrative buildings.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>427 crore</span> (US$51 million) contract for Package 4 was awarded to a joint venture between Strabag Infrastructure & Safety Solutions GmbH and Strabag AG, both owned by the <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austrian</a> construction company, <a href="/wiki/Strabag" title="Strabag">Strabag</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Package </th> <th>Length </th> <th>Details </th> <th>Contractor(s) </th> <th>Cost </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>10.38 km </td> <td>Bridge portion across Thane Creek, and the Sewri <a href="/wiki/Interchange_(road)#T_and_Y_interchanges" title="Interchange (road)">Y-interchange</a>. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Larsen_%26_Toubro" title="Larsen & Toubro">Larsen & Toubro</a> and <a href="/wiki/IHI_Corporation" title="IHI Corporation">IHI Corporation</a> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>7,637.3 crore</span> (US$920 million) </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>7.807 km </td> <td>Bridge portion across Thane Creek, and the Shivaji Nagar <a href="/wiki/Cloverleaf_interchange" title="Cloverleaf interchange">cloverleaf interchange</a>. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tata_Projects" title="Tata Projects">Tata Projects</a> Limited and <a href="/wiki/Daewoo_E%26C" title="Daewoo E&C">Daewoo E&C</a> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>5,612.61 crore</span> (US$670 million) </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>3.613 km </td> <td>Viaducts and interchanges that connect MTHL with State Highways 52 and 54 and National Highway 4B at Chirle. </td> <td>Larsen & Toubro </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>1,013.79 crore</span> (US$120 million) </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Intelligent_transport_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Intelligent transport system">Intelligent transport system</a>, toll management, street lighting, electrical works, toll plazas, and administrative buildings. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Strabag" title="Strabag">Strabag</a><sup id="cite_ref-:5_94-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>526 crore</span> (US$63 million) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Land_acquisition">Land acquisition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai_Trans_Harbour_Link&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Land acquisition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The project required 130 hectares of land. The <a href="/wiki/City_and_Industrial_Development_Corporation" title="City and Industrial Development Corporation">City and Industrial Development Corporation</a> (CIDCO) contributed 88 hectares. The remaining land was privately owned.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to MMRDA officials, land owners were given the same compensation package as that given in the <a href="/wiki/Navi_Mumbai_International_Airport" title="Navi Mumbai International Airport">Navi Mumbai International Airport</a> project.<sup id="cite_ref-thehindubusinessline.com_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thehindubusinessline.com-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three hundred and twenty structures in Sewri were affected by the project, of which 250 properties were residential. The MMRDA provided resettlement for the affected people by offering accommodation in either <a href="/wiki/Kanjurmarg" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanjurmarg">Kanjurmarg</a> or <a href="/wiki/Kurla" title="Kurla">Kurla</a>. The majority chose to relocate to Kanjurmarg.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The MMRDA also paid <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>6 lakh</span> (US$7,200) each as compensation to 1,500 fishermen who were affected by the construction of the project.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 2016, the MMRDA agreed to pay MbPT a total of <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>1000 crores in installments over the course of 30 years, as rent for using the MbPT's land for construction of ramps for the MTHL on the Mumbai side.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The MMRDA received 27.2 hectares of land on the Sewri side of the MbPT, of which 15.17 hectares were temporarily used for the casting yard.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The MMRDA utilized drones to carry out survey work for the MTHL. The drones were fitted with 360 degrees cameras that provide up to 3 mm accuracy. The aerial survey takes less time than a regular survey, achieves greater accuracy and helps protect against false claims for compensation.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over 1,000 boreholes were drilled to study the strata.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The MMRDA began conducting a geological survey for the project on 15 January 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The project work affected 1,635 trees, of which 753 were cut and the remaining 882 were replanted at other locations. Most of the affected trees were located at Sewri and <a href="/wiki/Vakola" class="mw-redirect" title="Vakola">Vakola</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metro_line">Metro line</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai_Trans_Harbour_Link&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Metro line"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2010, the MMRDA appointed <a href="/wiki/Rail_India_Technical_and_Economic_Service" title="Rail India Technical and Economic Service">Rail India Technical and Economic Service</a> (RITES) to prepare a <a href="/wiki/Project_plan" title="Project plan">detailed project report</a> (DPR) for the Mumbai Trans Harbour Metro Rail Link (MTHMRL), a proposal to build a dual-track metro line under the road lanes of the MTHL. The 49-km long metro line was proposed to connect <a href="/wiki/Prabhadevi" title="Prabhadevi">Prabhadevi</a> and Dushmi, about 20 km away from Chirle.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The metro line was to be extended to the proposed <a href="/wiki/Navi_Mumbai_International_Airport" title="Navi Mumbai International Airport">Navi Mumbai International Airport</a>, and connected to the proposed <a href="/wiki/Ranjanpada_railway_station" title="Ranjanpada railway station">Ranjanpada</a>-<a href="/wiki/Seawoods%E2%80%93Darave_railway_station" title="Seawoods–Darave railway station">Seawoods</a>-<a href="/wiki/Kharkopar_railway_station" title="Kharkopar railway station">Kharkopar</a> corridor of the <a href="/wiki/Navi_Mumbai_Metro" title="Navi Mumbai Metro">Navi Mumbai Metro</a> and the proposed Sewri-Prabhadevi corridor of the <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Metro" title="Mumbai Metro">Mumbai Metro</a>. However, the MMRDA scrapped plans for the metro line in 2012, and decided to build only a road bridge. An MMRDA official stated that a detailed study has revealed that laying the foundation for the bridge with provisions for two metro lines would hike costs, instead of saving expenses. Hence, it would be feasible to have a separate bridge for the metro in the future. Another reason given was that the Navi Mumbai International Airport and Sewri-Prabhadevi corridor of the Mumbai Metro were still a long way from completion.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2021, the MMRDA stated that it was re-examining the possibility of building metro lines on the MTHL. An official stated that there would be no need for extra construction on the MTHL for the metro line, as only the tracks would have to be added. Already, the Worli–Sewri underground metro corridor, as part of the <a href="/wiki/Line_3_(Mumbai_Metro)" title="Line 3 (Mumbai Metro)">Line 3 (Aqua Line)</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Metro" title="Mumbai Metro">Mumbai Metro</a>, is being constructed. The Sewri metro station will connect the MTHL through access paths, thereby linking it to Navi Mumbai.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 2021, the MMRDA stated that regardless of the decision on metro lines, the agency would dedicate two lanes on the MTHL for a <a href="/wiki/Bus_rapid_transit" title="Bus rapid transit">bus rapid transit</a> system.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The agency appointed a consultant to determine whether metro lines could be constructed on the MTHL in January 2022. The draft report of the study submitted in April 2022 found that the MTHL's existing pillars would not be able to support the load of a metro system. The then Metropolitan Commissioner of the MMRDA, S.V.R. Srinivas, stated that the agency was exploring solutions, such as increasing the load bearing capacity of the pillars, before making a final decision.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Construction">Construction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai_Trans_Harbour_Link&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Construction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MTHL_work_from_Sewri_Fort.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/MTHL_work_from_Sewri_Fort.jpg/280px-MTHL_work_from_Sewri_Fort.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/MTHL_work_from_Sewri_Fort.jpg/420px-MTHL_work_from_Sewri_Fort.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/MTHL_work_from_Sewri_Fort.jpg/560px-MTHL_work_from_Sewri_Fort.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3094" data-file-height="1516" /></a><figcaption>MTHL under construction on the Sewri side, March 2021</figcaption></figure> <p>The MTHL is 21.8 km long, including 16.5 km sea bridge and 5.5 km of viaducts on land on either end of the bridge.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was constructed in three sections.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Construction of the bridge required the use of 165,000 tonnes of <a href="/wiki/Reinforcement_steel" class="mw-redirect" title="Reinforcement steel">reinforcement steel</a>, 96,250 tonnes of <a href="/wiki/Structural_steel" title="Structural steel">structural steel</a>, and 830,000 cubic metres of <a href="/wiki/Concrete" title="Concrete">concrete</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bridge features the first use of <a href="/wiki/Orthotropic_deck" title="Orthotropic deck">orthotropic decks</a> in India. The special steel decks enable the bridge to have longer spans than possible with regular girders.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A total of 70 orthotropic decks were used on the bridge requiring about 96,250 tonnes of steel.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_114-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The steel spans weigh up to 2,600 tonnes and make up 4.7 km of the bridge length, while the rest of the bridge is made up of 60 metre-long concrete spans weighing up to 130 tonnes each.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This 4.7 km section sits at the highest point of the MTHL and includes a 180-metre-long steel span, which is the longest steel span in India. The shortest steel span on the MTHL is 110 meters long. The MMRDA chose to use steel spans in these sections to eliminate the need to construct pillars to support the bridge, which would hinder the movement of ships in the area.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Only about 3% of the bridge structure was built on-site including the foundations and pouring cement over metal girders. The rest of the bridge was pre-fabricated and then transported to the construction site for installation. The parts for the orthotropic decks were manufactured in Japan, <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> and shipped to Karanja Port in Uran for assembly.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:6_116-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The decks were carried to the construction site by barge, and each deck required about 3 days to install in place. A programmed self-propelled transporter was utilized to load the deck onto the barge, and computer-controlled jacks were utilized to install them on the bridge within a precision band of 5 mm.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_116-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The barge used to transport the decks was specifically built for the MTHL project by <a href="/wiki/Larsen_%26_Toubro" title="Larsen & Toubro">Larsen & Toubro</a> at its <a href="/wiki/Kattupalli_Shipyard" title="Kattupalli Shipyard">Kattupalli Shipyard</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The concrete section of the bridge is made up over 12,000 concrete boxes that were pre-cast in a casting yard. The concrete segments were joined to form 60 metre-long spans, and the concrete spans were then installed on the bridge's pillars using a mobile gantry.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_116-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The foundations for the MTHL are 47 metres at its deepest points, in order to support the weight of the bridge.<sup id="cite_ref-Mumbai:_Bridging_the_bay_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mumbai:_Bridging_the_bay-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An automated girder launching system was utilized to lay the bridge's foundation, marking the first time the system was used in India.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Reverse Circulation Drilling (RCD) construction technique was also utilized for the first time in India, in order to reduce disturbance to migratory birds.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_119-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The MMRDA estimated that the construction work would generate 115,419 man-months of employment.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over 14,000 workers were involved throughout the construction of the MTHL. Contractors worked round-the-clock in three 8-hour shifts. Expert consultants from 10 different countries including <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, Denmark, Japan, South Korea, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, the United States, and some <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle Eastern astern</a> countries were involved in various aspects of the project.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> laid the <a href="/wiki/Cornerstone" title="Cornerstone">foundation stone</a> for the project on 24 December 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-FoundationStone_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FoundationStone-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Construction of the MTHL began on 24 April 2018, with engineers collecting soil samples for soil testing at each location, where piers will be built in <a href="/wiki/Nhava_Sheva" class="mw-redirect" title="Nhava Sheva">Nhava Sheva</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The then MMRDA Metropolitan Commissioner, R. A. Rajeev, stated on 28 October 2018 that about 9% of the project work had been completed.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first pier of the MTHL was built at Sewri on 18 May 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The MMRDA stated that it had begun pre-segment casting work, a precursor to the superstructure for bridge deck construction, on 7 August. Each segment of the viaduct weighs 75 tonnes with dimensions 14.8m x 3.32m x 3.85m. Over 10,000 such segments have been cast.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The segments were built at two precast segment yards, one on the Mumbai side and another on the Navi Mumbai side.<sup id="cite_ref-Mumbai:_Bridging_the_bay_121-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mumbai:_Bridging_the_bay-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first segment was erected on the Sewri side about 6 km into the sea. MMRDA officials announced the completion of the pre-casting work on 9 August. Officials also stated that they had completed the construction of 270 permanent piles, of which 177 were in the sea. The agency had also completed the construction of a 2 km long temporary access bridge.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Casting for the first segment of Package 3 of the project began on 12 September 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the same date, MMRDA officials also stated that 20% of the total project work had been completed.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first girder, weighing 1,000 tonnes, for the MTHL was launched on 15 January 2020, marking the erection of its first span.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The project faced delays due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>. Over 5,000 workers had been deployed on the project prior to the pandemic, but this was reduced to around 2,000 workers by June 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An estimated 27% of the total project work had been completed by June 2020,<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 35.29% by November 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Brihanmumbai_Municipal_Corporation" title="Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation">BMC</a> Tree Authority granted permission to the MMRDA to cut 454 trees and transplant another 550 trees for the MTHL project on 2 December 2020. The MMRDA stated that it would also plant 2,000 trees in <a href="/wiki/Vasai" title="Vasai">Vasai</a> to compensate for the loss.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The agency stated that 40% of the total project work had been completed by the end of June 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The then Minister of State for Urban Development and Public Works, <a href="/wiki/Eknath_Shinde" title="Eknath Shinde">Eknath Shinde</a>'s Public Relation Office, stated in August 2021 that 52% of the project work had been completed. It also noted that 8,189 staff and labourers were currently deployed on the construction site, and that about 8 months of work days were lost as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The MMRDA stated that it had completed 76% of the total project work on 11 April 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 15 September 2022, Chief Minister of Maharashtra, Eknath Shinde, stated that 84% of the total project work had been completed.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The longest orthotropic deck, measuring 180 metres long and weighing 2,400 MT, was launched on 2 November 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_145-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Installation of vehicle <a href="/wiki/Traffic_barrier" title="Traffic barrier">crash barriers</a> on the MTHL began on 26 December 2022. The barriers have a total height of 1,550 mm including a 900 mm concrete block with a 650 mm high steel rail. The barriers comply with the International Standard EN 1317 certification for road restraint systems. The MMRDA originally planned to install a 5 ft-tall wall as the crash barrier, but decided against it to avoid blocking the views from the sea link.<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first of five composite steel girder spans, weighing 130 MT and 40 metres long, linking the MTHL with the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Freeway_(Mumbai)" title="Eastern Freeway (Mumbai)">Eastern Freeway</a> at Sewri was installed on 20 February 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 4 March 2023, the then MMRDA commissioner, S.V.R. Srinivas, stated that the segment casting work for Package 2 was complete, and 93% of the total project work had been completed.<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The steel deck span connecting Package 1 and Package 2 over the sea was installed on 21 June 2023, completing end-to-end connectivity on the right-hand side of the bridge.<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 25 June 2023, an MMRDA official stated that no construction work would be carried out on the portion of the bridge over the sea during the <a href="/wiki/Monsoon_of_South_Asia" title="Monsoon of South Asia">monsoon season</a> for safety reasons.<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 28 June 2023, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Maharashtra" title="Government of Maharashtra">state cabinet</a> decided to rename the MTHL after former <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A note from the cabinet meeting also stated that 95% of work on the MTHL had been completed.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 2023, the construction work was fully completed, with load testing, painting of dividers and testing of various systems as the only remaining tasks that were ongoing. The MTHL was inaugurated and opened to the public by <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> on 12 January 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai_Trans_Harbour_Link&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Noise_and_vision_barriers">Noise and vision barriers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai_Trans_Harbour_Link&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Noise and vision barriers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The MMRDA has installed noise and vision barriers on a 6 km section of the MTHL. The vision barriers are intended to block the view of the <a href="/wiki/Bhabha_Atomic_Research_Centre" title="Bhabha Atomic Research Centre">Bhabha Atomic Research Centre</a> (BARC) from the MTHL, while the noise barriers are intended to protect the movement of flamingos and migratory birds at the Sewri mudflats. The MMRDA also stated that it would declare nearly 2 km of the MTHL on the Sewri side as a "silent zone", as well as near schools and other sensitive areas on the Navi Mumbai side of the MTHL.<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Construction equipment used during the project were fitted with silencers to reduce the potential impact of noise on migratory birds such as flamingos. The project utilized reverse circulation drilling methodology which helps reduce noise levels and helps speed up construction in marine areas.<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bird_watching_platform">Bird watching platform</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai_Trans_Harbour_Link&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Bird watching platform"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A 5.6 km long temporary access bridge had been built to transport equipments and workers for the construction of the MTHL. In November 2021, the MMRDA announced that it had decided against demolishing the bridge and would convert it into a bird-watching platform to view flamingos and other birds. The agency noted that the decision would also save the cost of having to demolish the bridge.<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Traffic_management_and_safety_measures">Traffic management and safety measures</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai_Trans_Harbour_Link&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Traffic management and safety measures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As an <a href="/wiki/Controlled-access_highway" title="Controlled-access highway">access-controlled road</a>, to efficiently manage and regulate traffic movement across the MTHL, it has the Advanced Traffic Management System (ATMS), which is a centralised system that allows operators to monitor and manage traffic, incidents and emergency responses in real-time. Along with this, the Intelligent Transportation Management System (ITMS) is also present to systematically work with the ATMS together. This has given the bridge an international recognition for having advanced systems to manage traffic.<sup id="cite_ref-TIE_159-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TIE-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Similar to the <a href="/wiki/Bandra%E2%80%93Worli_Sea_Link" title="Bandra–Worli Sea Link">Bandra–Worli Sea Link</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coastal_Road_(Mumbai)" title="Coastal Road (Mumbai)">Coastal Road</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Freeway_(Mumbai)" title="Eastern Freeway (Mumbai)">Eastern Freeway</a>, due to safety considerations, two-wheelers and three-wheelers are prohibited from entering the Trans Harbor Link, along with animal-drawn carriages and slow-moving vehicles. Although pedal and electric bicycles are prohibited as well, there are no signages or written warnings to enforce the ban, though riders can be penalized by law enforcement despite no provisions under <a href="/wiki/Motor_Vehicles_Act" title="Motor Vehicles Act">Motor Vehicles Act</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The traffic division of <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="Mumbai Police">Mumbai Police</a> has mandated a speed limit of 100 km/h (62 mph) to prevent fatalities. Furthermore, stopping on the bridge is prohibited, with the exception of emergencies, breakdowns, or when pulled over by law enforcement.<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Technology_and_other_features">Technology and other features</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai_Trans_Harbour_Link&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Technology and other features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The structural steel used in the bridge is about 120,000 tonnes, enough to support the erection of four <a href="/wiki/Howrah_Bridge" title="Howrah Bridge">Howrah Bridges</a>. More than 830,000 cubic metres of concrete has been used to cast the structures of the bridge, which is six times more than the quantity used for building the <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Unity" title="Statue of Unity">Statue of Unity</a>. The reinforced steel used is 17 times the quantity used in the <a href="/wiki/Eiffel_Tower" title="Eiffel Tower">Eiffel Tower</a>. The bridge is constructed using corrosion-resistant materials to withstand weather variations, high wind speeds and tides, along with natural phenomena like earthquakes and cyclones. It can withstand earthquakes up to 6.5 magnitude, thus giving the lifespan of the bridge to remain intact for over a century. The 70 spans of <a href="/wiki/Orthotropic_deck" title="Orthotropic deck">Orthotropic Steel Decks</a> (OSDs) with lengths ranging from 65 to 180 metres and weighing up to 2,800 metric tons were erected across the <a href="/wiki/Thane_Creek" title="Thane Creek">Thane Creek</a> using <a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Japan" title="Science and technology in Japan">Japanese technology</a>. </p><p>In addition, a Comprehensive Surveillance System (CSS) utilizes a network of high-definition CCTV cameras strategically placed along the entire route. The Speed Violation Detection System (SVDS) has been installed to enforce speed limits and for ensuring enhanced road safety to commuters. A Video Incident Detection System (VIDS) that promptly detects and responds to incidents and mishaps has been installed. There are Emergency Calling Boxes (ECBs) on the bridge to provide commuters with a direct communication link to emergency services. Also, Variable Message Display (VMD) systems have been installed to effectively communicate and provide real-time information to commuters.<sup id="cite_ref-TIE_159-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TIE-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environmental_safety_and_Sustainability_measures">Environmental safety and Sustainability measures</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai_Trans_Harbour_Link&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Environmental safety and Sustainability measures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The roads on both sides of the bridge have been paved with <a href="/wiki/Stone_mastic_asphalt" title="Stone mastic asphalt">stone mastic asphalt</a> (SMA) The bridge is paved with stone matrix asphalt, which has a high percentage of crushed, durable stone aggregates and a specialised asphalt binder. SMA increases the pavement life by 20–30% because of its high resistance to variations in temperature, better adhesion between the stone aggregate and <a href="/wiki/Bitumen" title="Bitumen">bitumen</a>, reduces traffic noise, has high skid resistance and enhances <a href="/wiki/Road_surface_marking" title="Road surface marking">road surface marking</a> visibility. The surface will remain completely smooth and intact, irrespective of weather conditions. The SMA pavements will be 100% recyclable at the end of their service life, thus keeping the environment free of pollution. The <a href="/wiki/Carbon_footprint" title="Carbon footprint">carbon footprint</a> from vehicular emissions will also significantly reduce by a few hundred thousand tons, as vehicles will be crossing the bridge at a maximum speed limit of 100 km/h (62 mph). </p><p>Environmentalists were concerned that the lightings on the bridge would disturb marine life at night. To solve the issue, engineers have installed 1,212 special light poles that will illuminate only the carriageways, without any luminous spill onto the sea, thus positively affecting the marine life. These eco-friendly and sustainability measures have earned the bridge and the MMRDA a sustainability certificate from the <a href="/wiki/Bombay_Natural_History_Society" title="Bombay Natural History Society">Bombay Natural History Society</a> (BNHS).<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cost">Cost</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai_Trans_Harbour_Link&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Cost"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The cost of the MTHL has increased several times. In 2005, the cost of the project was estimated at <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee" title="Indian rupee">₹</a></span>4,000 <a href="/wiki/Crore" title="Crore">crore</a></span> (equivalent to <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>140 billion or US$1.6 billion in 2023). The cost was revised to <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>6000 crore in 2008. It was then increased to <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>8800 crore in November 2011 and to <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>9360 crore in August 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The MMRDA re-evaluated the cost project as about <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>11,000 crore</span> (US$1.3 billion) at 2014 prices.<sup id="cite_ref-indianexpress.com_165-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-indianexpress.com-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2017, the project cost was estimated at <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>17,843 crore</span> (US$2.1 billion),<sup id="cite_ref-JICA7910A_166-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JICA7910A-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JICA7910B_167-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JICA7910B-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which includes <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>70 crore compensation to fishermen, <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>45 crore for installing noise barriers after opening the sea link, a <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>25 crore deposit as seed money to mangrove fund, another <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>25 crore for a compensatory <a href="/wiki/Mangrove_restoration" title="Mangrove restoration">mangrove restoration</a> plan, and a mandatory expenditure of at least <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>335 crore for an "environment management programme".<sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2017, the MMRDA announced that it would provide a one-time payment of <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>5.68 lakh</span> (US$6,800) to each fisherman affected by the project. The agency received over 3,000 claims for compensation, and it awarded payments to genuine claimants after screening the claims.<sup id="cite_ref-FE_Fishermen_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FE_Fishermen-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The MMRDA paid a total compensation of <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>380 crore</span> (US$46 million) to fishermen affected by the project throughout the construction period.<sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>JICA funded 85% of the total cost through a loan at a concessional rate of <a href="/wiki/Yen" class="mw-redirect" title="Yen">Yen</a>-<a href="/wiki/London_Interbank_Offered_Rate" class="mw-redirect" title="London Interbank Offered Rate">London Interbank Offered Rate</a> plus 0.1% for the project activities, and 0.01% for consulting services, with a 30-year repayment period, including a 10-year grace period.<sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> JICA and the MMRDA signed the agreement to disburse the first tranche of the loan on 31 March 2017. The first tranche of <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>7,912 crore</span> (US$950 million) was about 45% of the total project cost.<sup id="cite_ref-JICA7910A_166-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JICA7910A-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JICA7910B_167-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JICA7910B-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The second tranche of <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>4,262 crore</span> (US$510 million) was extended on 27 March 2020,<sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the third tranche of <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>1,297 crore</span> (US$160 million) was extended on 3 March 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The MMRDA bore 1.2% of the project cost, and the remaining amount was borne by the state government.<sup id="cite_ref-SJog_65-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SJog-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The MMRDA allocated <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>1,200 crore</span> (US$140 million) towards the project in its budget for the 2017–18 fiscal.<sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The MMRDA stated that it had spent <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>135.6 crore</span> (US$16 million) to reduce the environmental impact of the MTHL construction in August 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prior to the submission of bids for the project, the MMRDA estimated the project cost at <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>14,137 crore</span> (US$1.7 billion). The actual contract for the project was awarded to three bidders at a combined cost of <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>14,262 crore</span> (US$1.7 billion) in November 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-178" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MMRDA officials stated that they expected the cost to reduce by 6% as a result of the Union Government's decision to lower the <a href="/wiki/Goods_and_Services_Tax_(India)" title="Goods and Services Tax (India)">goods and services tax</a> (GST) for construction work from 18% to 12%. The revised cost of the contract would now be <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>13,400 crore</span> (US$1.6 billion).<sup id="cite_ref-179" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> caused delays to construction which escalated the project cost by around 5–15%. The total cost of the MTHL was estimated as <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>17,843 crore</span> (US$2.1 billion) in September 2021. Cost escalation also occurred because of design changes caused by the location of underground utilities, which were different from what planners had assumed.<sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Connectivity">Connectivity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai_Trans_Harbour_Link&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Connectivity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The MTHL has three interchanges at Sewri, Shivajinagar in Ulwe, and Chirle.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_181-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sewri_interchange">Sewri interchange</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai_Trans_Harbour_Link&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Sewri interchange"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The MMRDA has constructed a 1.5 km long <a href="/wiki/Cloverleaf_interchange" title="Cloverleaf interchange">cloverleaf interchange</a> on a 27-acre plot, leased from the <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Port_Trust" class="mw-redirect" title="Mumbai Port Trust">Mumbai Port Trust</a>, located east of <a href="/wiki/Sewri_railway_station" title="Sewri railway station">Sewri railway station</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-182" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The loop consists of two lanes branching out from the MTHL and connecting with the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Freeway_(Mumbai)" title="Eastern Freeway (Mumbai)">Eastern Freeway</a>, the at-grade Messant Road, and the proposed Sewri–Worli elevated road. The Sewri–Worli elevated road will provide onward connectivity to the <a href="/wiki/Coastal_Road_(Mumbai)" title="Coastal Road (Mumbai)">Coastal Road</a> (at Worli Seaface), <a href="/wiki/Rafi_Ahmed_Kidwai#Legacy" title="Rafi Ahmed Kidwai">Rafi Ahmed Kidwai Marg</a>, and Acharya Donde Marg.<sup id="cite_ref-183" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sewri–Worli_connector"><span id="Sewri.E2.80.93Worli_connector"></span>Sewri–Worli connector</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai_Trans_Harbour_Link&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Sewri–Worli connector"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Sewri–Worli connector, also called Sewri–Worli elevated corridor (SWEC), will connect the <a href="/wiki/Bandra%E2%80%93Worli_Sea_Link" title="Bandra–Worli Sea Link">Bandra–Worli Sea Link</a> and the under-construction <a href="/wiki/Coastal_Road_(Mumbai)" title="Coastal Road (Mumbai)">Coastal Road</a> with the MTHL.<sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It will be a four-lane, 17 metre-wide and 4.512 km-long cable-stayed bridge,<sup id="cite_ref-185" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a height of 27 metres.<sup id="cite_ref-186" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Sewri–Worli connector will begin at Sewri (East), and cross the Eastern Freeway, the <a href="/wiki/Harbour_line_(Mumbai_Suburban_Railway)" title="Harbour line (Mumbai Suburban Railway)">Harbour Line</a>, Rafi Ahmed Kidwai Marg, Acharya Donde Marg, the existing flyover at <a href="/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_B._R._Ambedkar" title="List of things named after B. R. Ambedkar">Ambedkar Road</a>, Elphinstone Bridge in <a href="/wiki/Parel" title="Parel">Parel</a>, and the flyover at <a href="/wiki/Pandurang_Mahadev_Bapat#Legacy" title="Pandurang Mahadev Bapat">Senapati Bapat Marg</a> before passing through Kamgar Nagar and Dr. Annie Besant Road, and terminating at Narayan Hardikar Marg at Worli.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_187-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ramps will connect the Sewri–Worli elevated corridor with Rafi Ahmed Kidwai Marg, west of Sewri railway station, and with Acharya Donde Marg at Mumbai Port Trust.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_188-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Sewri–Worli connector was first proposed by the MMRDA in 2012–2013. The project was estimated to cost <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>517 crore</span> (equivalent to <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>826 crore or US$99 million in 2023), and be completed in four years.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_189-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>189<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The MMRDA received bids from 5 companies to construct the Sewri–Worli connector. They were Simplex Infrastructures Ltd., Larsen & Toubro, <a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Construction_Company" title="Hindustan Construction Company">Hindustan Construction Company</a> (HCC), Gammon India, and the National Construction Company (NCC). Simplex Infrastructures Ltd. quoted the lowest bid (nearly 16–17% below the estimated cost of the project), followed by Larsen & Toubro (14% below the reserve price).<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_189-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>189<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-190" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>190<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2016, <i><a href="/wiki/DNA_(newspaper)" class="mw-redirect" title="DNA (newspaper)">DNA</a></i> reported that the project had been cancelled, after previously being put "on hold" in 2015. No budgetary allocation was made for the project in the 2015–16 fiscal, and the MMRDA had no future plans to construct the connector.<sup id="cite_ref-191" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-191"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The agency floated tenders again in 2017 at an estimated cost of <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>1,276 crore</span> (US$150 million). Apart from delays, the cost increase was also the result of some major design changes. The proposed connector will be built with a steel super structure instead of cement as per the original plan. The MMRDA also proposed additional ramps to link the Sewri–Worli connector with Dr. Rafi Ahmed Kidwai Marg, west of Sewri railway station, and with Acharya Donde Marg at Mumbai Port Trust. Further, the agency will demolish the existing single-tier road over bridge at Prabhadevi railway station and replace it with a new two-tier road over bridge.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_188-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The agency later paused plans for the connector due to delays with the MTHL project.<sup id="cite_ref-192" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>192<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The MMRDA floated new tenders for the project in July 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_188-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The project received clearance from the Maharashtra Coastal Zone Management Authority (MCZMA) on 7 July 2020, and from the Maharashtra State Environment Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA) on 8 September 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-193" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-193"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>193<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> J. Kumar Infraprojects Ltd. was awarded the contract to build the Sewri–Worli connector in November 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_187-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The project is estimated to cost <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>1,051.86 crore</span> (US$130 million). Construction began on 13 January 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-194" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-194"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The then Chief Minister of Maharashtra, <a href="/wiki/Uddhav_Thackeray" title="Uddhav Thackeray">Uddhav Thackeray</a>, laid the foundation stone for the project on 21 February 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-195" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-195"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>195<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 25.77% of work on the project was completed by November 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-196" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-196"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of January 2024, 50% of work has been completed. It is expected to open by the end of 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-197" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-197"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>197<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shivajinagar_interchange">Shivajinagar interchange</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai_Trans_Harbour_Link&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Shivajinagar interchange"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Shivajinagar interchange connects the MTHL with the <a href="/wiki/Navi_Mumbai_International_Airport" title="Navi Mumbai International Airport">Navi Mumbai International Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru_Port" title="Jawaharlal Nehru Port">Jawaharlal Nehru Port</a>, and local roads. It has been built to connect <a href="/wiki/Ulwe" title="Ulwe">Ulwe</a> directly to the MTHL through the planned Ulwe Coastal Road. Once the planned road is constructed, it will join this interchange at Shivajinagar.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_181-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chirle_interchange">Chirle interchange</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai_Trans_Harbour_Link&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Chirle interchange"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Chirle interchange connects the MTHL with the <a href="/wiki/Mumbai%E2%80%93Pune_Expressway" title="Mumbai–Pune Expressway">Mumbai–Pune Expressway</a>, and also provides connectivity to JNPT and <a href="/wiki/Panvel" title="Panvel">Panvel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_181-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By joining the <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_348_(India)" title="National Highway 348 (India)">NH-348</a> at this point, it connects the MTHL with the expressway. But, to establish a direct link with the expressway, in order to decrease the increasing traffic demand and congestion to and from <a href="/wiki/Pune" title="Pune">Pune</a>, the MTHL will be extended from this interchange to link with it near the under-construction <a href="/wiki/Navi_Mumbai_International_Airport" title="Navi Mumbai International Airport">Navi Mumbai International Airport</a>, which is also proposed to be connected with the help of an airport connector road.<sup id="cite_ref-198" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-198"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>198<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Toll">Toll</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai_Trans_Harbour_Link&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Toll"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2012, the MMRDA proposed tolls for the MTHL as <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>175 for cars, <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>265 for light commercial vehicles, <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>525 for buses and trucks, and <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>790 for multi-axle vehicles. JICA, the primary source of funding the project, proposed higher tolls in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-199" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-199"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>199<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The toll rates levied after the project opened was expected to be much higher due to cost escalations.<sup id="cite_ref-200" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-200"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>200<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 2024, after the opening of the MTHL, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Maharashtra" title="Government of Maharashtra">Government of Maharashtra</a> revised the toll rates from former rates as ₹ 200 for cars for one way from Mumbai to Navi Mumbai, a reduction from the initial plans of ₹ 500 and ₹ 250, and ₹ 300 from Navi Mumbai to Mumbai for return journeys, ₹ 320 and ₹ 480 for buses, ₹ 655 and ₹ 985 for <a href="/wiki/Light_commercial_vehicle" title="Light commercial vehicle">light commercial vehicles</a> (LCVs), ₹ 715 and ₹ 1075 for trucks, ₹ 1030 and ₹ 1545 for heavy-duty trucks and ₹ ₹ 1255 and ₹ 1885 for oversized vehicles. All vehicles are allowed to travel through the bridge, except two-wheelers, tractors, small, very light to light commercial vehicles and <a href="/wiki/Auto-rickshaw" class="mw-redirect" title="Auto-rickshaw">auto-rickshaws</a>. The toll rates will be consistently decreased further over time as the MTHL caters to more vehicles.<sup id="cite_ref-AI_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AI-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-201" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-201"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>201<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The toll collection is done with an <a href="/wiki/Open_road_tolling" title="Open road tolling">Open road tolling</a> (ORT) system, present on the Navi Mumbai side of the bridge, which does not involve the stopping of vehicular movement at a toll booth and manually collecting tolls. Instead, specialised cameras installed under a shed scan vehicles passing through without having to halt, and automatically obtain tolls. Such a system not only helps commuters to be free of traffic and congestion, but also eliminates long queues, risk of mishaps, reduces pollution and the risk of unorganised collection of tolls, and ensures free flow of traffic, fuel efficiency, low carbon footprint and other benefits.<sup id="cite_ref-202" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-202"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>202<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The MMRDA has stated that tolls will be collected till 2045.<sup id="cite_ref-203" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-203"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>203<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai_Trans_Harbour_Link&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_longest_bridges_above_water_in_India" title="List of longest bridges above water in India">List of longest bridges above water in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_longest_bridges" title="List of longest bridges">List of longest bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikhroli-Koparkhairane_Link_Road" title="Vikhroli-Koparkhairane Link Road">Vikhroli-Koparkhairane Link Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vashi_Bridge" title="Vashi Bridge">Vashi Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airoli_Bridge" title="Airoli Bridge">Airoli Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sion_Panvel_Highway" title="Sion Panvel Highway">Sion Panvel Highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandra%E2%80%93Worli_Sea_Link" title="Bandra–Worli Sea Link">Bandra–Worli Sea Link</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai_Trans_Harbour_Link&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m.economictimes.com/news/economy/infrastructure/atal-setu-5-facts-about-indias-longest-sea-bridge-ever-constructed/record-length/slideshow/109948655.cms">"Atal Setu: 5 facts about India's longest sea bridge ever constructed - Record length"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Atal+Setu%3A+5+facts+about+India%27s+longest+sea+bridge+ever+constructed+-+Record+length&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fm.economictimes.com%2Fnews%2Feconomy%2Finfrastructure%2Fatal-setu-5-facts-about-indias-longest-sea-bridge-ever-constructed%2Frecord-length%2Fslideshow%2F109948655.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai+Trans+Harbour+Link" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ozarkar-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ozarkar_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ozarkar_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOzarkar2021" class="citation web cs1">Ozarkar, Vallabh (11 October 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=MTHL+toll+fixed+before+work+starts&rft.date=2012-11-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fmumbai%2FMTHL-toll-fixed-before-work-starts%2Farticleshow%2F17162858.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai+Trans+Harbour+Link" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indianexpress.com/news/mumbai-transharbour-link-a-step-away-from-becoming-reality/1044511/0">"Mumbai Trans-Harbour Link a step away from becoming reality"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Indian_Express" title="The Indian Express">The Indian Express</a></i>. 13 December 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=MTHL+set+to+take+off+with+1%2C920cr+boost+from+Centre&rft.date=2013-01-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fmumbai%2FMTHL-set-to-take-off-with-1920cr-boost-from-Centre%2Farticleshow%2F18083927.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai+Trans+Harbour+Link" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130119145111/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Mumbai/Central-funds-for-sea-bridge-work-to-begin-by-year-end/Article1-993180.aspx">"Central funds for sea bridge, work to begin by year-end"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Times" title="Hindustan Times">Hindustan Times</a></i>. 19 January 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Mumbai/Central-funds-for-sea-bridge-work-to-begin-by-year-end/Article1-993180.aspx">the original</a> on 19 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hindustan+Times&rft.atitle=Central+funds+for+sea+bridge%2C+work+to+begin+by+year-end&rft.date=2013-01-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2FIndia-news%2FMumbai%2FCentral-funds-for-sea-bridge-work-to-begin-by-year-end%2FArticle1-993180.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai+Trans+Harbour+Link" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indianexpress.com/news/mmrda-proposes-toll-of-rs-175790-on-mthl/1029555/0">"MMRDA proposes toll of Rs 175–790 on MTHL"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Indian_Express" title="The Indian Express">The Indian Express</a></i>. 10 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Line&rft.atitle=Land+acquisition%2C+construction+of+Mumbai+Trans+Harbour+Link+may+get+under+way+soon&rft.date=2013-01-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindubusinessline.com%2Findustry-and-economy%2Flogistics%2Fland-acquisition-construction-of-mumbai-trans-harbour-link-may-get-under-way-soon%2Farticle4287326.ece%3Fhomepage%3Dtrue%26ref%3Dwl_home&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai+Trans+Harbour+Link" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://profit.ndtv.com/news/corporates/article-jnpt-relents-clears-way-for-trans-harbour-link-315836">"JNPT relents, clears way for Trans Harbour Link"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=JNPT+relents%2C+clears+way+for+Trans+Harbour+Link&rft.pub=Profit.ndtv.com&rft.date=2013-01-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fprofit.ndtv.com%2Fnews%2Fcorporates%2Farticle-jnpt-relents-clears-way-for-trans-harbour-link-315836&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai+Trans+Harbour+Link" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indianexpress.com/news/centre-may-ask-jnpt-to-rework-expansion-plan-to-avoid-changes-in-mthl-layout/1050766/0">"Centre may ask JNPT to rework expansion plan to avoid changes in MTHL layout"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Indian_Express" title="The Indian Express">The Indian Express</a></i>. 27 December 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Centre+may+ask+JNPT+to+rework+expansion+plan+to+avoid+changes+in+MTHL+layout&rft.date=2012-12-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indianexpress.com%2Fnews%2Fcentre-may-ask-jnpt-to-rework-expansion-plan-to-avoid-changes-in-mthl-layout%2F1050766%2F0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai+Trans+Harbour+Link" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_work-on-trans-harbour-link-may-begin-by-end-2013-mmrda_1758642">"Work on trans-harbour link may begin by end-2013: MMRDA"</a>. <i>Daily News and Analysis</i>. 31 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Daily+News+and+Analysis&rft.atitle=Work+on+trans-harbour+link+may+begin+by+end-2013%3A+MMRDA&rft.date=2012-10-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dnaindia.com%2Fmumbai%2Freport_work-on-trans-harbour-link-may-begin-by-end-2013-mmrda_1758642&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai+Trans+Harbour+Link" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130830225415/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-08-06/mumbai/41130543_1_mumbai-trans-harbour-link-mmrda-cintra-soma-srei">"No bidder again for trans-harbour link, MMRDA does not rule out building it"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-08-06/mumbai/41130543_1_mumbai-trans-harbour-link-mmrda-cintra-soma-srei">the original</a> on 30 August 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=No+bidder+again+for+trans-harbour+link%2C+MMRDA+does+not+rule+out+building+it&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com%2F2013-08-06%2Fmumbai%2F41130543_1_mumbai-trans-harbour-link-mmrda-cintra-soma-srei&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai+Trans+Harbour+Link" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indianexpress.com/news/no-bidders-for-mthl-in-round-3/1151692/">"No bidders for MTHL in round 3"</a>. <i>The Indian Express</i>. 6 August 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=No+bidders+for+MTHL+in+round+3&rft.date=2013-08-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indianexpress.com%2Fnews%2Fno-bidders-for-mthl-in-round-3%2F1151692%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai+Trans+Harbour+Link" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/No-bidder-again-for-trans-harbour-link-MMRDA-does-not-rule-out-building-it/articleshow/21634900.cms">"No bidder again for trans-harbour link, MMRDA does not rule out building it"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a></i>. 6 August 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130830225415/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-08-06/mumbai/41130543_1_mumbai-trans-harbour-link-mmrda-cintra-soma-srei">Archived</a> from the original on 30 August 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dna&rft.atitle=MTHL%3A+With+increasing+civil+cost%2C+toll+burden+set+to+go+up+%7C+Latest+News+%26+Updates+at+Daily+News+%26+Analysis&rft.date=2017-11-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dnaindia.com%2Fmumbai%2Freport-mthl-with-increasing-civil-cost-toll-burden-set-to-go-up-2561667&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai+Trans+Harbour+Link" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.firstpost.com/explainers/pm-inaugurates-indias-longest-sea-bridge-mumbai-trans-harbour-link-who-can-use-it-who-cant-13606332.html">"PM Modi inaugurates Mumbai Trans Harbour Link: Who can use it, who can't?"</a>. <i>Firstpost</i>. 12 January 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Firstpost&rft.atitle=PM+Modi+inaugurates+Mumbai+Trans+Harbour+Link%3A+Who+can+use+it%2C+who+can%27t%3F&rft.date=2024-01-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.firstpost.com%2Fexplainers%2Fpm-inaugurates-indias-longest-sea-bridge-mumbai-trans-harbour-link-who-can-use-it-who-cant-13606332.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai+Trans+Harbour+Link" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/indias-longest-sea-bridge-in-mumbai-will-be-open-for-traffic-in-november/article66369834.ece/amp/">"India's longest sea bridge in Mumbai will be open for traffic in November"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. 12 January 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/indias-longest-sea-bridge-in-mumbai-will-be-open-for-traffic-in-november/article66369834.ece/amp/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=India%27s+longest+sea+bridge+in+Mumbai+will+be+open+for+traffic+in+November&rft.date=2023-01-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fcities%2Fmumbai%2Findias-longest-sea-bridge-in-mumbai-will-be-open-for-traffic-in-november%2Farticle66369834.ece%2Famp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai+Trans+Harbour+Link" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/mumbai-trans-harbour-link-mmrda-to-collect-toll-for-rs-22000-crore-project-5595540/">"Mumbai trans-harbour link: MMRDA to collect toll for <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>22,000-crore project"</a>. <i>The Indian Express</i>. 22 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Mumbai+trans-harbour+link%3A+MMRDA+to+collect+toll+for+%3Cspan+style%3D%22white-space%3A+nowrap%22%3E%E2%82%B9%3C%2Fspan%3E22%2C000-crore+project&rft.date=2019-02-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Fcities%2Fmumbai%2Fmumbai-trans-harbour-link-mmrda-to-collect-toll-for-rs-22000-crore-project-5595540%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai+Trans+Harbour+Link" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai_Trans_Harbour_Link&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> 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Mumbai">Terrorism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Mumbai" title="Geography of Mumbai">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Powai_Lake" title="Powai Lake">Powai Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vihar_Lake" title="Vihar Lake">Vihar Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsi_Lake" title="Tulsi Lake">Tulsi Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thane_Creek" title="Thane Creek">Thane Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahim_Bay" title="Mahim Bay">Mahim Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back_Bay_(Mumbai)" title="Back Bay (Mumbai)">Back Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithi_River" title="Mithi River">Mithi River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulhas_River" title="Ulhas River">Ulhas River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Hill" title="Gilbert Hill">Gilbert Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malabar_Hill" title="Malabar Hill">Malabar Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salsette_Island" title="Salsette Island">Salsette Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Harbour" title="Mumbai Harbour">Mumbai Harbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Ground_Coastal_Battery" title="Middle Ground Coastal Battery">Middle Ground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Mumbai" title="Climate of Mumbai">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mumbai_beaches" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Mumbai beaches">Beaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Suburbs_(Mumbai)" title="Eastern Suburbs (Mumbai)">Eastern Suburbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Suburbs_(Mumbai)" title="Western Suburbs (Mumbai)">Western Suburbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Mumbai" title="South Mumbai">South Mumbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_neighbourhoods_in_Mumbai" title="List of neighbourhoods in Mumbai">Neighbourhoods</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Mumbai" title="Architecture of Mumbai">Architecture of Mumbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gateway_of_India" title="Gateway of India">Gateway of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhatrapati_Shivaji_Terminus" title="Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus">Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Dockyard_(Mumbai)" title="Naval Dockyard (Mumbai)">Naval Dockyard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombay_Stock_Exchange" title="Bombay Stock Exchange">Bombay Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutatma_Chowk" title="Hutatma Chowk">Hutatma Chowk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Post_Office,_Mumbai" title="General Post Office, Mumbai">General Post Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shreepati_Arcade" title="Shreepati Arcade">Shreepati Arcade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddhivinayak_Temple,_Mumbai" title="Siddhivinayak Temple, Mumbai">Siddhivinayak Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regal_Cinema" title="Regal Cinema">Regal Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Our_Lady_of_the_Mount,_Bandra" title="Basilica of Our Lady of the Mount, Bandra">Mount Mary's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haji_Ali_Dargah" title="Haji Ali Dargah">Haji Ali Dargah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_Fountain" title="Flora Fountain">Flora Fountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Sassoon_Library" title="David Sassoon Library">David Sassoon Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumba_Devi_Temple" title="Mumba Devi Temple">Mumba Devi Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahalakshmi_Temple,_Mumbai" title="Mahalakshmi Temple, Mumbai">Mahalaxmi Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhatrapati_Shivaji_Maharaj_Vastu_Sangrahalaya" title="Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya">Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya (Prince of Wales Museum)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Modern_Art,_Mumbai" title="National Gallery of Modern Art, Mumbai">National Gallery of Modern Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Asiatic_Society_of_Mumbai" title="The Asiatic Society of Mumbai">The Asiatic Society of Mumbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehangir_Art_Gallery" title="Jehangir Art Gallery">Jehangir Art Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gowalia_Tank" title="Gowalia Tank">Gowalia Tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shri_Swaminarayan_Mandir,_Mumbai" title="Shri Swaminarayan Mandir, Mumbai">Shri Swaminarayan Mandir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s_Church,_Mumbai" title="St. Michael's Church, Mumbai">Mahim Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usha_Kiran_Building" title="Usha Kiran Building">Usha Kiran Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corps_Commander_House,_Lahore" title="Corps Commander House, Lahore">Jinnah Mansion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Public_transport_in_Mumbai" class="mw-redirect" title="Public transport in Mumbai">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BEST_Transport_division" class="mw-redirect" title="BEST Transport division">Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport (BEST)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Suburban_Railway" title="Mumbai Suburban Railway">Mumbai Suburban Railway</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_line_(Mumbai_Suburban_Railway)" title="Central line (Mumbai Suburban Railway)">Central Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbour_line_(Mumbai_Suburban_Railway)" title="Harbour line (Mumbai Suburban Railway)">Harbour Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_line_(Mumbai_Suburban_Railway)" title="Port line (Mumbai Suburban Railway)">Port Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Harbour_line_(Mumbai_Suburban_Railway)" title="Trans-Harbour line (Mumbai Suburban Railway)">Trans-Harbour Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_line_(Mumbai_Suburban_Railway)" title="Western line (Mumbai Suburban Railway)">Western Line</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Railway_zone" title="Central Railway zone">Central Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Railway_zone" title="Western Railway zone">Western Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhatrapati_Shivaji_Maharaj_International_Airport" title="Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport">Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandra_Terminus" title="Bandra Terminus">Bandra Terminus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bandra_railway_station" title="Bandra railway station">suburban station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhatrapati_Shivaji_Terminus" title="Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus">Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadar_railway_station" title="Dadar railway station">Dadar railway station</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dadar_railway_station" title="Dadar railway station">suburban station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokmanya_Tilak_Terminus" title="Lokmanya Tilak Terminus">Lokmanya Tilak Terminus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Central_railway_station" title="Mumbai Central railway station">Mumbai Central railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juhu_Aerodrome" title="Juhu Aerodrome">Juhu Aerodrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auto_rickshaw" title="Auto rickshaw">Auto rickshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Metro" title="Mumbai Metro">Metro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Line_1_(Mumbai_Metro)" title="Line 1 (Mumbai Metro)">Line 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_2_(Mumbai_Metro)" title="Line 2 (Mumbai Metro)">Line 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_3_(Mumbai_Metro)" title="Line 3 (Mumbai Metro)">Line 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_4_(Mumbai_Metro)" title="Line 4 (Mumbai Metro)">Line 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_5_(Mumbai_Metro)" title="Line 5 (Mumbai Metro)">Line 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_6_(Mumbai_Metro)" title="Line 6 (Mumbai Metro)">Line 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_7_(Mumbai_Metro)" title="Line 7 (Mumbai Metro)">Line 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Line_8_(Mumbai_Metro)" title="Gold Line 8 (Mumbai Metro)">Line 8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_9_(Mumbai_Metro)" title="Line 9 (Mumbai Metro)">Line 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_10_(Mumbai_Metro)" title="Line 10 (Mumbai Metro)">Line 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_11_(Mumbai_Metro)" title="Line 11 (Mumbai Metro)">Line 11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_12_(Mumbai_Metro)" title="Line 12 (Mumbai Metro)">Line 12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_13_(Mumbai_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Line 13 (Mumbai Metro)">Line 13</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Monorail" title="Mumbai Monorail">Monorail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Skywalk_Project" title="Mumbai Skywalk Project">Skywalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_railway_elevated_corridor" title="Western railway elevated corridor">Western railway elevated corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_transport_in_Mumbai" title="Water transport in Mumbai">Water transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Bus_Rapid_Transit_System" title="Mumbai Bus Rapid Transit System">Mumbai Bus Rapid Transit System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Urban_Transport_Project" title="Mumbai Urban Transport Project">Mumbai Urban Transport Project</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Roads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airoli_Bridge" title="Airoli Bridge">Airoli Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altamount_Road" title="Altamount Road">Altamount Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandra%E2%80%93Worli_Sea_Link" title="Bandra–Worli Sea Link">Bandra–Worli Sea Link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmichael_Road" title="Carmichael Road">Carmichael Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colaba_Causeway" title="Colaba Causeway">Colaba Causeway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_Road_(Mumbai)" title="Coastal Road (Mumbai)">Coastal Road</a> (under construction)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Currey_Road_Bridge" title="Currey Road Bridge">Currey Road Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadabhai_Naoroji_Road" title="Dadabhai Naoroji Road">Dadabhai Naoroji Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Express_Highway" title="Eastern Express Highway">Eastern Express Highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Freeway_(Mumbai)" title="Eastern Freeway (Mumbai)">Eastern Freeway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_Street" title="Fashion Street">Fashion Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hughes_Road" title="Hughes Road">Hughes Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeejabai_Bhosle_Marg" title="Jeejabai Bhosle Marg">Jeejabai Bhosle Marg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jogeshwari%E2%80%93Vikhroli_Link_Road" title="Jogeshwari–Vikhroli Link Road">JVLR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalwa_Bridge" title="Kalwa Bridge">Kalwa Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linking_Road,_Mumbai" title="Linking Road, Mumbai">Linking Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Jamshetjee_Road" title="Lady Jamshetjee Road">Lady Jamshetjee Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lal_Bahadur_Shastri_Marg" title="Lal Bahadur Shastri Marg">LBS Marg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamington_Road" title="Lamington Road">Lamington Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahim_Causeway" title="Mahim Causeway">Mahim Causeway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Drive,_Mumbai" title="Marine Drive, Mumbai">Marine Drive</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">MTHL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepean_Sea_Road" title="Nepean Sea Road">Nepean Sea Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P_D%27Mello_Road" title="P D'Mello Road">P D'Mello Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopalrao_Deshmukh_Marg" title="Gopalrao Deshmukh Marg">Pedder Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Street_(Mumbai)" title="Princess Street (Mumbai)">Princess Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz%E2%80%93Chembur_Link_Road" title="Santa Cruz–Chembur Link Road">SCLR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekanand_Road_(Mumbai)" title="Swami Vivekanand Road (Mumbai)">SV Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahar_Elevated_Access_Road" title="Sahar Elevated Access Road">Sahar Elevated Access Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sion_Panvel_Highway" title="Sion Panvel Highway">Sion Panvel Highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vashi_Bridge" title="Vashi Bridge">Vashi Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versova%E2%80%93Bandra_Sea_Link" title="Versova–Bandra Sea Link">Versova–Bandra Sea Link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veera_Desai_Road" title="Veera Desai Road">Veera Desai Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Express_Highway" title="Western Express Highway">Western Express Highway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Mumbai" title="Economy of Mumbai">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bombay_Stock_Exchange" title="Bombay Stock Exchange">Bombay Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Stock_Exchange_of_India" title="National Stock Exchange of India">National Stock Exchange of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="Reserve Bank of India">Reserve Bank of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_Government_Mint,_Mumbai" title="India Government Mint, Mumbai">Mint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalal_Street" title="Dalal Street">Dalal Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nariman_Point" title="Nariman Point">Nariman Point</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education<br />and research</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_in_Mumbai" title="List of colleges in Mumbai">Universities<br />and colleges</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Mumbai" title="University of Mumbai">University of Mumbai (MU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SNDT_Women%27s_University" title="SNDT Women's University">SNDT Women's University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IIT_Bombay" title="IIT Bombay">IIT Bombay (IIT-B)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Chemical_Technology" title="Institute of Chemical Technology">Institute of Chemical Technology (formerly UDCT)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veermata_Jijabai_Technological_Institute" title="Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute">Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute (VJTI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Management_Mumbai" title="Indian Institute of Management Mumbai">NITIE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamnalal_Bajaj_Institute_of_Management_Studies" title="Jamnalal Bajaj Institute of Management Studies">Jamnalal Bajaj Institute of Management Studies (JBIMS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alkesh_Dinesh_Mody_Institute" title="Alkesh Dinesh Mody Institute">Alkesh Dinesh Mody Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._P._Jain_Institute_of_Management_and_Research" title="S. P. Jain Institute of Management and Research">SP Jain Institute of Management and Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr._Homi_Bhabha_State_University" title="Dr. Homi Bhabha State University">Dr. Homi Bhabha State University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydenham_Institute_of_Management_Studies,_Research_and_Entrepreneurship_Education" title="Sydenham Institute of Management Studies, Research and Entrepreneurship Education">Sydenham Institute of Management Studies, Research and Entrepreneurship Education(SIMSREE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SVKM%27s_NMIMS" title="SVKM's NMIMS">NMIMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithibai_College" title="Mithibai College">Mithibai College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Xavier%27s_College,_Mumbai" title="St. Xavier's College, Mumbai">St. Xavier's College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sathaye_College" title="Sathaye College">Sathaye College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramnarain_Ruia_College" title="Ramnarain Ruia College">Ramnarain Ruia College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._G._Ruparel_College_of_Arts,_Science_and_Commerce" title="D. G. Ruparel College of Arts, Science and Commerce">D. G. Ruparel College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramniranjan_Anandilal_Podar_College_of_Commerce_and_Economics" title="Ramniranjan Anandilal Podar College of Commerce and Economics">Ramniranjan Anandilal Podar College of Commerce and Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulund_College_of_Commerce" title="Mulund College of Commerce">Mulund College of Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._G._Vaze_College_of_Arts,_Science_and_Commerce" title="V. G. Vaze College of Arts, Science and Commerce">V. G. Vaze College of Arts, Science and Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_J._J._School_of_Art" title="Sir J. J. School of Art">Sir J. J. School of Art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_educational_institutions_in_Mumbai#Schools" title="List of educational institutions in Mumbai">Schools</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balmohan_Vidyamandir" title="Balmohan Vidyamandir">Balmohan Vidyamandir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombay_Scottish_School,_Mahim" title="Bombay Scottish School, Mahim">Bombay Scottish School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campion_School,_Mumbai" title="Campion School, Mumbai">Campion School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_and_John_Connon_School" title="Cathedral and John Connon School">Cathedral and John Connon School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhirubhai_Ambani_International_School" title="Dhirubhai Ambani International School">Dhirubhai Ambani International School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Bosco_High_School,_Matunga" title="Don Bosco High School, Matunga">Don Bosco High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr._Antonio_Da_Silva_High_School_and_Junior_College_of_Commerce" title="Dr. Antonio Da Silva High School and Junior College of Commerce">Dr. Antonio Da Silva High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Family_High_School_(Mumbai)" title="Holy Family High School (Mumbai)">Holy Family High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilavatibai_Podar_High_School" title="Lilavatibai Podar High School">Lilavatibai Podar High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._N._Podar_School" title="R. N. Podar School">R. N. Podar School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart_Boys_High_School" title="Sacred Heart Boys High School">Sacred Heart Boys High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamnabai_Narsee_School" title="Jamnabai Narsee School">Jamnabai Narsee School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utpal_Shanghvi_Global_School" title="Utpal Shanghvi Global School">Utpal Shanghvi Global School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendriya_Vidyalaya_Sangathan" title="Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan">Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja_Shivaji_Vidyalaya" title="Raja Shivaji Vidyalaya">Raja Shivaji Vidyalaya (King George High School)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Theresa%27s_Boys_High_School" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Theresa's Boys High School">St. Theresa's Boys High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J.B._Petit_High_School_for_Girls" title="J.B. Petit High School for Girls">J.B. Petit High School for Girls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutes for science<br />and learning</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Institute_of_Fundamental_Research" title="Tata Institute of Fundamental Research">Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhabha_Atomic_Research_Centre" title="Bhabha Atomic Research Centre">Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehru_Planetarium" title="Nehru Planetarium">Nehru Planetarium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehru_Science_Centre" title="Nehru Science Centre">Nehru Science Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Institute_of_Social_Sciences" title="Tata Institute of Social Sciences">Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Excellence_in_Basic_Sciences" title="Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences">Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences (UM-DAE CBS)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Civic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Mumbai" title="List of mayors of Mumbai">Mayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commissioner_of_the_Greater_Mumbai_Police" title="Commissioner of the Greater Mumbai Police">Police Commissioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipal_commissioners_of_Mumbai" title="List of municipal commissioners of Mumbai">Municipal Commissioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brihanmumbai_Municipal_Corporation" title="Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation">Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Mumbai_Police" title="Greater Mumbai Police">Greater Mumbai Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Mumbai" title="Administrative divisions of Mumbai">Wards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brihanmumbai_Electric_Supply_and_Transport" title="Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport">Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_sources_of_Mumbai" title="Water sources of Mumbai">Water sources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombay_High_Court" title="Bombay High Court">Bombay High Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheriff_of_Mumbai" title="Sheriff of Mumbai">Sheriff</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Mumbai" title="Culture of Mumbai">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_Deco_in_Mumbai" title="Art Deco in Mumbai">Art Deco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombay_Hindi" title="Bombay Hindi">Mumbaiya/Bombaiya/Bambaiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dabbawala" title="Dabbawala">Dabbawalas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eggs_Kejriwal" title="Eggs Kejriwal">Eggs Kejriwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbaikar" class="mw-redirect" title="Mumbaikar">Mumbaikar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_food_of_Mumbai" title="Street food of Mumbai">Street food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vada_pav" title="Vada pav">Vada pav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhel_puri" title="Bhel puri">Bhel puri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sev_puri" title="Sev puri">Sev puri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahi_puri" title="Dahi puri">Dahi puri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panipuri" title="Panipuri">Panipuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragda_pattice" title="Ragda pattice">Ragda pattice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cultural_centres_in_Mumbai" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cultural centres in Mumbai">Cultural centres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cinemas_in_Mumbai" title="List of cinemas in Mumbai">Cinemas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kala_Ghoda_Arts_Festival" title="Kala Ghoda Arts Festival">Kala Ghoda festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Mumbai" title="Prostitution in Mumbai">Prostitution in Mumbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Marathon" title="Mumbai Marathon">Mumbai Marathon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_Azaadi_Mumbai" title="Queer Azaadi Mumbai">Mumbai Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tourist_attractions_in_Mumbai" title="List of tourist attractions in Mumbai">Tourist attractions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_Square" title="India Square">Little Bombay, Jersey City, US</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_Mumbai" title="Jainism in Mumbai">Jainism in Mumbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Bombay" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bombay">Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bombay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Mumbai" title="History of the Jews in Mumbai">History of the Jews in Mumbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_churches_in_Mumbai" title="List of churches in Mumbai">List of churches in Mumbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Mumbai_(Church_of_North_India)" title="Diocese of Mumbai (Church of North India)">Anglican Diocese of Bombay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombay_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Bombay Orthodox Diocese">Mumbai Orthodox Diocese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dharavi" title="Dharavi">Dharavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamathipura" title="Kamathipura">Kamathipura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_High_Field" title="Mumbai High Field">Mumbai High Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Mumbai" title="List of people from Mumbai">People from Mumbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_Ashram" title="Seal Ashram">Seal Ashram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" 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