CINXE.COM

India’s longest sea bridge in Mumbai will be open for traffic in November - The Hindu

<!DOCTYPE html><html amp lang="en" itemid="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/indias-longest-sea-bridge-in-mumbai-will-be-open-for-traffic-in-november/article66369834.ece" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/NewsArticle"><head><script type="text/javascript" src="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=7YQSqjSh" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/indias-longest-sea-bridge-in-mumbai-will-be-open-for-traffic-in-november/article66369834.ece/amp/","20230128013009","https://web.archive.org/","web","https://web-static.archive.org/_static/", "1674869409"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=p7PEIJWi" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" /> <!-- End Wayback Rewrite JS Include --> <title> India’s longest sea bridge in Mumbai will be open for traffic in November - The Hindu </title><meta charset="utf-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, minimum-scale=1, initial-scale=1.0"><meta name="title" content="India’s longest sea bridge in Mumbai will be open for traffic in November "/><meta name="description" content="CM Shinde said once the bridge opened for traffic, it would be possible to travel from Sewri in central Mumbai to Chirle in Navi Mumbai in 15 to 20 minutes"/><meta name="publish-date" content="2023-01-12T20:54:47+05:30"/><meta name="created-date" content="2023-01-12T20:54:47+05:30"/><meta name="modified-date" content="2023-01-12T21:09:48+05:30"/><meta property="article:published_time" content="2023-01-12T15:24:47.000Z"/><meta property="article:modified_time" content="2023-01-12T15:39:48.000Z"/><meta name="cXenseParse:articleid" content="66369834"/><meta property="al:android:url" content="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/indias-longest-sea-bridge-in-mumbai-will-be-open-for-traffic-in-november/article66369834.ece"/><meta property="article:section" content="Mumbai"/><meta property="article:tag" content="Mumbai Trans-Harbour Link"/><meta property="article:tag" content="Open Road Tolling system"/><meta property="article:tag" content="Devendra Fadnavis "/><meta property="article:tag" content="India’s longest sea bridge in Mumbai "/><meta property="article:tag" content="India’s longest sea bridge "/><meta property="article:tag" content="Mumbai sea bridge "/><meta property="article:tag" content="Mumbai Trans-Harbour Link opening date news"/><meta property="article:tag" content="Mumbai Trans-Harbour Link news"/><meta property="article:tag" content="Trans-Harbour Link news"/><meta property="article:tag" content="Trans-Harbour Link "/><meta property="article:tag" content="Mumbai "/><meta property="article:tag" content="Mumbai News"/><meta property="article:author" content=" The Hindu Bureau"/><meta name="twitter:creator" content=" The Hindu Bureau"><meta name="keywords" content="Mumbai Trans-Harbour Link,Open Road Tolling system,Devendra Fadnavis ,India’s longest sea bridge in Mumbai ,India’s longest sea bridge ,Mumbai sea bridge ,Mumbai Trans-Harbour Link opening date news,Mumbai Trans-Harbour Link news,Trans-Harbour Link news,Trans-Harbour Link ,Mumbai ,Mumbai News"/><meta name="news_keywords" content="Mumbai Trans-Harbour Link,Open Road Tolling system,Devendra Fadnavis ,India’s longest sea bridge in Mumbai ,India’s longest sea bridge ,Mumbai sea bridge ,Mumbai Trans-Harbour Link opening date news,Mumbai Trans-Harbour Link news,Trans-Harbour Link news,Trans-Harbour Link ,Mumbai ,Mumbai News"/><meta name="robots" content="index, follow"/><meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:large"><meta name="atdlayout" content="articlepage"/><meta name="twitter:title" content="India’s longest sea bridge in Mumbai will be open for traffic in November "><meta name="twitter:description" content="CM Shinde said once the bridge opened for traffic, it would be possible to travel from Sewri in central Mumbai to Chirle in Navi Mumbai in 15 to 20 minutes"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009im_/https://th-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/niqpc1/article66370714.ece/alternates/FREE_1200/%20TRANS-HARBOUR%20LINK%20PROJECT%20SITE%20AT%20SEWRI_MUMBAI"><meta property="og:title" content="India’s longest sea bridge in Mumbai will be open for traffic in November "/><meta property="og:description" content="CM Shinde said once the bridge opened for traffic, it would be possible to travel from Sewri in central Mumbai to Chirle in Navi Mumbai in 15 to 20 minutes"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009im_/https://th-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/niqpc1/article66370714.ece/alternates/FREE_1200/%20TRANS-HARBOUR%20LINK%20PROJECT%20SITE%20AT%20SEWRI_MUMBAI"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/indias-longest-sea-bridge-in-mumbai-will-be-open-for-traffic-in-november/article66369834.ece"/><meta property="al:android:url" content="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/indias-longest-sea-bridge-in-mumbai-will-be-open-for-traffic-in-november/article66369834.ece"/><meta property="og:type" content="article"/><meta name="amp-google-client-id-api" content="googleanalytics"/><meta name="og:image:type" content="image/jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:app:id:googleplay" content="com.mobstac.thehindu"/><meta name="twitter:app:id:iphone" content="771672321"/><meta name="twitter:app:name:googleplay" content="The Hindu (Official App)"/><meta name="twitter:app:name:ipad" content="The Hindu"/><meta name="twitter:app:name:iphone" content="The Hindu for iPhone"/><meta name="twitter:apple-itunes-app" content="app-id=584786636"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/><meta name="twitter:domain" content="thehindu.com"/><meta name="twitter:google-play-app" content="app-id=com.mobstac.thehindu"/><meta name="twitter:site" content="@The_Hindu"/><meta name="yandex-verification" content="ff4648e5089d361d"/><meta property="al:android:app_name" content="The Hindu"/><meta property="al:android:package" content="com.mobstac.thehindu"/><meta property="fb:app_id" content="137450626398044"/><meta property="fb:pages" content="163974433696568"/><link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009im_/https://www.thehindu.com/favicon.ico"/><link rel="icon" type="image/ico" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009im_/https://www.thehindu.com/favicon.ico"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009im_/https://www.thehindu.com/apple-touch-icon.png"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009im_/https://www.thehindu.com/apple-touch-icon-precomposed.png"/><link rel="canonical" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/indias-longest-sea-bridge-in-mumbai-will-be-open-for-traffic-in-november/article66369834.ece"/><link rel="preload" as="image" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://th-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/niqpc1/article66370714.ece/alternates/FREE_1200/%20TRANS-HARBOUR%20LINK%20PROJECT%20SITE%20AT%20SEWRI_MUMBAI"/><link rel="preload" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js" as="script"><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009cs_/https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Merriweather+Sans:wght@400;600;700;900&amp;family=Merriweather:wght@400;700;900&amp;family=Playfair+Display:wght@400;600;700;800;900&amp;family=Faustina:wght@300;400;500;600;700;800&amp;display=swap" crossorigin="anonymous"><style amp-boilerplate>body{-webkit-animation:-amp-start 8s steps(1,end) 0s 1 normal both;-moz-animation:-amp-start 8s steps(1,end) 0s 1 normal both;-ms-animation:-amp-start 8s steps(1,end) 0s 1 normal both;animation:-amp-start 8s steps(1,end) 0s 1 normal both}@-webkit-keyframes -amp-start{from{visibility:hidden}to{visibility:visible}}@-moz-keyframes -amp-start{from{visibility:hidden}to{visibility:visible}}@-ms-keyframes -amp-start{from{visibility:hidden}to{visibility:visible}}@-o-keyframes -amp-start{from{visibility:hidden}to{visibility:visible}}@keyframes -amp-start{from{visibility:hidden}to{visibility:visible}}</style><noscript><style amp-boilerplate>body{-webkit-animation:none;-moz-animation:none;-ms-animation:none;animation:none}</style></noscript><script async src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009js_/https://cdn.ampproject.org/v0.js"></script><script async custom-element="amp-lightbox" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009js_/https://cdn.ampproject.org/v0/amp-lightbox-0.1.js"></script><script async custom-element="amp-analytics" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009js_/https://cdn.ampproject.org/v0/amp-analytics-0.1.js"></script><script async custom-element="amp-ad" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009js_/https://cdn.ampproject.org/v0/amp-ad-0.1.js"></script><script async custom-element="amp-sticky-ad" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009js_/https://cdn.ampproject.org/v0/amp-sticky-ad-1.0.js"></script><script async custom-element="amp-iframe" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009js_/https://cdn.ampproject.org/v0/amp-iframe-0.1.js"></script><script async custom-element="amp-carousel" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009js_/https://cdn.ampproject.org/v0/amp-carousel-0.1.js"></script><script async custom-element="amp-twitter" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009js_/https://cdn.ampproject.org/v0/amp-twitter-0.1.js"></script><script async custom-element="amp-social-share" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009js_/https://cdn.ampproject.org/v0/amp-social-share-0.1.js"></script><script async custom-element="amp-accordion" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009js_/https://cdn.ampproject.org/v0/amp-accordion-0.1.js"></script><script async custom-element="amp-jwplayer" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009js_/https://cdn.ampproject.org/v0/amp-jwplayer-0.1.js"></script><script async custom-element="amp-bind" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009js_/https://cdn.ampproject.org/v0/amp-bind-0.1.js"></script><script async custom-element="amp-audio" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009js_/https://cdn.ampproject.org/v0/amp-audio-0.1.js"></script><script async custom-element="amp-video" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009js_/https://cdn.ampproject.org/v0/amp-video-0.1.js"></script><script async custom-element="amp-fx-flying-carpet" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009js_/https://cdn.ampproject.org/v0/amp-fx-flying-carpet-0.1.js"></script><script async custom-element="amp-auto-ads" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009js_/https://cdn.ampproject.org/v0/amp-auto-ads-0.1.js"></script><script async custom-element="amp-subscriptions" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009js_/https://cdn.ampproject.org/v0/amp-subscriptions-0.1.js"></script><script id="amp-subscriptions" type="application/json"> { "services": [ { "authorizationUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://experience.tinypass.com/xbuilder/experience/executeAmpSubscriptions?protocol_version=1&aid=DC3REpZYpu&reader_id=READER_ID&url=SOURCE_URL&referer=DOCUMENT_REFERRER&_=RANDOM&tags=Breaking%20news%2CMumbai%2CMaharashtra%2Croad%20transport%2CTH-Daily%20Hunt&content_created=2023-01-12T20%3A54%3A47%2B0530&content_section=Mumbai&content_author=%20The%20Hindu%20Bureau", "noPingback": "true", "actions":{ "login": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/login/?reader_id=READER_ID&url=SOURCE_URL&_=RANDOM", "subscribe": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/subscription/amp/?reader_id=READER_ID&url=SOURCE_URL&_=RANDOM", "logout": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/logout/?reader_id=READER_ID&_=RANDOM" ,"myaccount": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/myaccount/?reader_id=READER_ID&_=RANDOM","iosUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://apple.co/3nx5LGM","androidUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.mobstac.thehindu&amp;referrer=utm_source%3Dmobile_amp%26utm_campaign%3Dapp_download"}, "baseScore": 100 } ], "fallbackEntitlement": { "source": "fallback", "granted": true, "grantReason": "METERING", "data": { "isLoggedIn": false }} } </script><script async custom-element="amp-sidebar" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009js_/https://cdn.ampproject.org/v0/amp-sidebar-0.1.js"></script><script async custom-template="amp-mustache" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009js_/https://cdn.ampproject.org/v0/amp-mustache-0.2.js"></script><script async custom-element="amp-position-observer" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009js_/https://cdn.ampproject.org/v0/amp-position-observer-0.1.js"></script><script async custom-element="amp-animation" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009js_/https://cdn.ampproject.org/v0/amp-animation-0.1.js"></script><style amp-custom>*{font-family:"Merriweather",serif;font-weight:normal}*,::after,::before{box-sizing:border-box}@media(prefers-reduced-motion:no-preference){:root{scroll-behavior:smooth}}body{margin:0;font-family:var(--bs-font-sans-serif);font-size:1rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.5;color:#212529;background-color:#fff;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:1.2}h1{font-size:calc(1.375rem+1.5vw)}@media(min-width:1200px){h1{font-size:2.5rem}}h2{font-size:calc(1.325rem+0.9vw)}@media(min-width:1200px){h2{font-size:2rem}}h3{font-size:calc(1.3rem+0.6vw)}@media(min-width:1200px){h3{font-size:1.75rem}}h4{font-size:calc(1.275rem+0.3vw)}@media(min-width:1200px){h4{font-size:1.5rem}}h5{font-size:1.25rem}p{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:1rem}ol,ul{padding-left:2rem}ol,ul{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:1rem}ul ul{margin-bottom:0}strong{font-weight:bolder}a{color:#0d6efd;text-decoration:underline}a:hover{color:#0a58ca}a:not([href]):not([class]),a:not([href]):not([class]):hover{color:inherit;text-decoration:none}img{vertical-align:middle}button{border-radius:0}button:focus:not(:focus-visible){outline:0}button{margin:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}button{text-transform:none}[type="button"],button{-webkit-appearance:button}[type="button"]:not(:disabled),[type="reset"]:not(:disabled),[type="submit"]:not(:disabled),button:not(:disabled){cursor:pointer}::-moz-focus-inner{padding:0;border-style:none}::-webkit-datetime-edit-day-field,::-webkit-datetime-edit-fields-wrapper,::-webkit-datetime-edit-hour-field,::-webkit-datetime-edit-minute,::-webkit-datetime-edit-month-field,::-webkit-datetime-edit-text,::-webkit-datetime-edit-year-field{padding:0}::-webkit-inner-spin-button{height:auto}::-webkit-search-decoration{-webkit-appearance:none}::-webkit-color-swatch-wrapper{padding:0}::file-selector-button{font:inherit}::-webkit-file-upload-button{font:inherit;-webkit-appearance:button}.img-fluid{max-width:100%;height:auto}.container{width:100%;padding-right:var(--bs-gutter-x,0.75rem);padding-left:var(--bs-gutter-x,0.75rem);margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto}@media(min-width:576px){.container{max-width:540px}}@media(min-width:768px){.container{max-width:720px}}@media(min-width:992px){.container{max-width:960px}}@media(min-width:1200px){.container{max-width:1140px}}@media(min-width:1400px){.container{max-width:1320px}}.row{--bs-gutter-x:1.5rem;--bs-gutter-y:0;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:calc(var(--bs-gutter-y) * -1);margin-right:calc(var(--bs-gutter-x) * -0.5);margin-left:calc(var(--bs-gutter-x) * -0.5)}.row>*{flex-shrink:0;width:100%;max-width:100%;padding-right:calc(var(--bs-gutter-x) * .5);padding-left:calc(var(--bs-gutter-x) * .5);margin-top:var(--bs-gutter-y)}.col-12{flex:0 0 auto;width:100%}@media(min-width:576px){.col-sm-3{flex:0 0 auto;width:25%}.col-sm-6{flex:0 0 auto;width:50%}.col-sm-12{flex:0 0 auto;width:100%}}@media(min-width:768px){.col-md-2{flex:0 0 auto;width:16.66666667%}.col-md-6{flex:0 0 auto;width:50%}.col-md-12{flex:0 0 auto;width:100%}}@media(min-width:992px){.col-lg-4{flex:0 0 auto;width:33.33333333%}.col-lg-6{flex:0 0 auto;width:50%}.col-lg-8{flex:0 0 auto;width:66.66666667%}.col-lg-12{flex:0 0 auto;width:100%}}@media(min-width:1200px){.col-xl-2{flex:0 0 auto;width:16.66666667%}.col-xl-3{flex:0 0 auto;width:25%}.col-xl-6{flex:0 0 auto;width:50%}.col-xl-9{flex:0 0 auto;width:75%}.col-xl-12{flex:0 0 auto;width:100%}}.form-control[type="file"]:not(:disabled):not([readonly]){cursor:pointer}.form-control::file-selector-button{padding:.375rem .75rem;margin:-0.375rem -0.75rem;-webkit-margin-end:.75rem;margin-inline-end:.75rem;color:#212529;background-color:#e9ecef;pointer-events:none;border-color:inherit;border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-inline-end-width:1px;border-radius:0;transition:color .15s ease-in-out,background-color .15s ease-in-out,border-color .15s ease-in-out,box-shadow .15s ease-in-out}@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.form-control::file-selector-button{transition:none}}.form-control:hover:not(:disabled):not([readonly])::file-selector-button{background-color:#dde0e3}.form-control:hover:not(:disabled):not([readonly])::-webkit-file-upload-button{background-color:#dde0e3}.form-control-sm::file-selector-button{padding:.25rem .5rem;margin:-0.25rem -0.5rem;-webkit-margin-end:.5rem;margin-inline-end:.5rem}.form-control-lg::file-selector-button{padding:.5rem 1rem;margin:-0.5rem -1rem;-webkit-margin-end:1rem;margin-inline-end:1rem}.form-control-color:not(:disabled):not([readonly]){cursor:pointer}.form-floating>.form-control:not(:-moz-placeholder-shown){padding-top:1.625rem;padding-bottom:.625rem}.form-floating>.form-control:not(:-moz-placeholder-shown) ~ label{opacity:.65;transform:scale(0.85) translateY(-0.5rem) translateX(0.15rem)}.btn{display:inline-block;font-weight:400;line-height:1.5;color:#212529;text-align:center;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:middle;cursor:pointer;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;user-select:none;background-color:transparent;border:1px solid transparent;padding:.375rem .75rem;font-size:1rem;border-radius:.25rem;transition:color .15s ease-in-out,background-color .15s ease-in-out,border-color .15s ease-in-out,box-shadow .15s ease-in-out}@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.btn{transition:none}}.btn:hover{color:#212529}.btn:focus{outline:0;box-shadow:0 0 0 .25rem rgba(13,110,253,0.25)}.btn:disabled{pointer-events:none;opacity:.65}.dropdown{position:relative}.breadcrumb{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;padding:0;margin-bottom:1rem;list-style:none}.breadcrumb-item+.breadcrumb-item{padding-left:.5rem}.breadcrumb-item+.breadcrumb-item::before{float:left;padding-right:.5rem;color:#6c757d;content:var(--bs-breadcrumb-divider,"/")}.breadcrumb-item.active{color:#6c757d}.visually-hidden-focusable:not(:focus):not(:focus-within){position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);white-space:nowrap;border:0}.position-relative{position:relative}.justify-content-end{justify-content:flex-end}.align-items-end{align-items:flex-end}.mt-0{margin-top:0}.mt-3{margin-top:1rem}.mt-4{margin-top:1.5rem}.mb-0{margin-bottom:0}.pt-0{padding-top:0}.pt-2{padding-top:.5rem}.pb-2{padding-bottom:.5rem}.pb-5{padding-bottom:3rem}.header{position:relative;top:-1px;z-index:99;width:100%;background:#fff;box-shadow:0 5px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.1607843137);transition:.5s cubic-bezier(0.23,1,0.32,1)}.header-logo-cont{padding:30px 0 0;margin:0 auto;text-align:center;width:500px;z-index:9999;position:relative;transition:.3s cubic-bezier(0.23,1,0.32,1)}.header-logo-cont .mobile-logo{width:476px;height:45px}.navmenu-container{max-width:980px;margin:0 auto;z-index:1;position:relative}.navmenu-container .btns{position:absolute;right:3px;top:95px}.navmenu-container .breadcrumb{margin:0;padding:30px 0 7px}.navmenu-container .breadcrumb .breadcrumb-item{padding-left:4px}.navmenu-container .breadcrumb .breadcrumb-item:first-child{padding-left:0}.navmenu-container .breadcrumb .breadcrumb-item a{color:#b00020;font-size:12px;font-family:"Merriweather Sans",sans-serif;text-decoration:none;letter-spacing:.7px}.navmenu-container .breadcrumb .breadcrumb-item a:hover{text-decoration:underline}.navmenu-container .breadcrumb .breadcrumb-item a .treanding{position:relative;top:-1px;margin-left:3px}.navmenu-container .breadcrumb .breadcrumb-item::before{padding-right:7px;padding-left:3px;color:#b00020;font-size:12px;position:relative;top:4px}.dropdown{position:absolute;background:#f1f1f1;top:calc(100% - 66px);width:100%;padding:11px 0 20px;z-index:3;box-shadow:0 7px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.1333333333)}.dropdown .navmenu-container{max-width:1004px}.dropdown .btns{position:unset;margin:0 0 20px}.dropdown .breadcrumb{padding:7px 0 18px}.dropdown .btn-title{font-size:16px;font-family:"Merriweather Sans",sans-serif;color:#727272;text-align:left;margin:10px 0 15px;display:none}.premium-label,.read-in-app{background:#b00020;border-radius:3px;border:1px solid #b00020;color:#fff;font-size:14px;font-family:"Merriweather Sans",sans-serif;text-transform:uppercase;width:143px;margin:0 10px 0 0;padding:9px 0 6px 0;transition:all .3s}.premium-label:hover,.read-in-app:hover{opacity:.8;color:#fff;background:#b00020;border:1px solid #b00020;text-decoration:none}.premium-label:active,.premium-label:focus,.read-in-app:active,.read-in-app:focus{background:#b00020;border:1px solid #b00020;outline:0;box-shadow:none}.premium-label:hover,.premium-label:active,.premium-label:focus{opacity:1;color:#fff}.btn-subscribe,.btn-signup,.btn-account,.btn-premium,.go-to-search{background:#fff;border-radius:3px;border:1px solid #b00020;color:#b00020;font-size:14px;font-family:"Merriweather Sans",sans-serif;text-transform:uppercase;width:147px;padding:9px 0 6px 0;transition:ease-out .3s;margin-right:5px}.btn-subscribe:hover,.btn-subscribe:focus,.btn-signup:hover,.btn-signup:focus,.btn-account:hover,.btn-account:focus,.btn-premium:hover,.btn-premium:focus,.go-to-search:hover,.go-to-search:focus{color:#fff;text-decoration:none;box-shadow:none}.btn-subscribe{background:#b00020;color:#fff;transition:ease-out .3s;margin-right:10px;box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 0 #fff}.btn-subscribe:hover,.btn-subscribe:focus{color:#b00020;box-shadow:inset 200px 0 0 0 #fff}.btn-signup{transition:ease-out .3s;box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 0 #b00020;margin-right:0}.btn-signup:hover,.btn-signup:focus{color:#fff;box-shadow:inset 200px 0 0 0 #b00020}.btn-account{background:#fff;border:1px solid #000;color:#000;margin-right:0;transition:ease-out .3s;box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 0 #000}.btn-account img{position:relative;margin-left:5px;top:-2px}.btn-account:hover,.btn-account:focus{color:#fff;box-shadow:inset 200px 0 0 0 #000}.btn-account:hover img,.btn-account:focus img{filter:invert(1)}.go-to-search{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.5px;width:100%;background:#fff;border:0;height:38px;color:#000;text-align:left;padding:9px 0 6px 13px;transition:ease-out .3s;box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 0 #787878;position:relative}.go-to-search img{position:absolute;right:12px;top:12px}.go-to-search::after{content:"→";position:relative;opacity:0;top:0;color:#fff;font-size:18px;line-height:0;right:20%;transition:.3s}.go-to-search:hover,.go-to-search:focus{color:#fff;box-shadow:inset 320px 0 0 0 #787878}.go-to-search:hover img,.go-to-search:focus img{filter:invert(1)}.go-to-search:hover::after,.go-to-search:focus::after{opacity:1;right:-10px}.btn-premium{background:transparent;border:0;position:relative;font-weight:bold;color:#000}.btn-premium img{width:29px;height:29px;margin-right:5px;top:-3px;position:relative}.btn-premium:disabled{opacity:1}.share-article{cursor:pointer;position:absolute;top:7px;right:44px;display:none}.share-article:hover,.share-article:focus{box-shadow:none}h1{font-size:50px}h1 span{font-size:20px}.search-box{position:relative}.search-box .search{position:relative;width:100%}.menu-list{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.menu-list li{width:24.5%;display:inline-block;font-family:"Merriweather",serif;margin:8px 0}.menu-list li a{font-family:"Merriweather",serif;font-size:18px;color:#b00020;text-decoration:none;text-transform:capitalize}.menu-list li a:hover{text-decoration:underline}.menu-list li a img{max-width:100%;max-height:14px}.menu-list li a.see-all{display:block;position:relative}.menu-list li a.see-all .text{font-family:"Merriweather",serif;font-size:18px;color:#b00020;text-decoration:none}.menu-list li a.see-all .arrow{position:absolute;top:-2px;right:5px}.breaking-menu{margin:10px 0 0}.breaking-menu .menu-list li{margin:5px 0;width:49%;vertical-align:top}.breaking-menu .menu-list li a{font-size:16px;color:#000}.breaking-menu .menu-list li a img{fill:#b00020}.fixed-menu{margin:5px 0 0}.fixed-menu .more{display:none}p.connect-us{font-family:"Merriweather Sans",sans-serif;font-size:12px;color:#000;text-align:left;margin:0 5px 0 0;padding:0;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle}.header-link{margin:0 0 20px}.header-link a{text-decoration:none;font-family:"Merriweather",serif;font-size:18px;color:#000;padding-left:25px;margin-right:20px;position:relative;display:inline-block;width:max-content;transition:all .3s ease-out}.header-link a .slider{position:absolute;display:block;left:0;top:95%;margin:0 auto;height:1px;background-color:#000;width:0;-webkit-transition:width .3s ease;transition:width .3s ease}.header-link a:hover{text-decoration:none}.header-link a:hover .slider{width:100%}.header-link .paper{background:url("https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009im_/https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/today-paper-icon.svg") 0 2px no-repeat;padding-left:27px}.header-link .newsletter{background:url("https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009im_/https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/subscribe-icon.svg") 0 2px no-repeat;padding-left:30px}.social-icons{margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none;display:inline-block}.social-icons li{display:inline-block;margin-right:0;vertical-align:middle}.social-icons li a{display:block;margin:0 1px;outline:0;text-decoration:none;transition:all .3s;opacity:.8}.social-icons li a:hover,.social-icons li a:active,.social-icons li a:focus{outline:0}.social-icons li a:hover{opacity:1}.social-icons li a img{position:relative;top:-1px;left:0;width:37px;height:auto}.dropdown-logo{display:none;position:fixed;top:5px;z-index:4;width:100%;background:#fff;box-shadow:0 5px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.1333333333);left:0;top:0;padding:5px 0}.header-logo-cont{margin:0;text-align:left;z-index:0;width:60%;max-width:300px;padding:14px 0}.header-logo-cont .mobile-logo{width:auto;height:auto}.btn-subscribe,.premium-label,.read-in-app{font-size:10px;border-radius:0;width:70px;margin:0;padding:2px 0 1px 0}.read-in-app{background:#fff;color:#b00020}.go-to-search{box-shadow:none}.go-to-search::after{top:-1px;font-size:18px}.go-to-search:hover,.go-to-search:focus{background:#787878}.go-to-search:hover::after,.go-to-search:focus::after{opacity:1;right:-8px}.menu-btn{position:absolute;top:5px;right:6px;width:44px;height:44px;padding:9px 10px;z-index:9}.btns .btn-subscribe{position:absolute;top:18px;right:58px}.btns .read-in-app{position:absolute;top:55px;right:14px}.btns .btn-premium{position:absolute;top:19px;right:50px;width:82px;text-align:right;font-size:11px;padding:0;height:20px}.btns .btn-premium img{width:20px;height:auto;top:-1px}header .container{margin-left:0}.navbar-nav{display:block;overflow:auto;white-space:nowrap;width:70%;padding:0 0 12px}.navbar-nav::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none}.navbar-nav .nav-item{display:inline-block}.navbar-nav .nav-item .nav-link{border:0;font-size:14px;width:auto;margin-right:10px;padding:0;font-family:"Merriweather Sans",sans-serif;color:#b00020;font-weight:400}.menu-list li a{text-decoration:none}.menu-list li a:hover,.menu-list li a:focus{text-decoration:none}.menu-list li a.see-all .arrow{top:8px}.fixed-menu{padding:20px 15px 0}.fixed-menu .menu-list li{width:49%;margin:8px 0}.fixed-menu .menu-list li a{color:#7d7e82;font-family:"Merriweather Sans",sans-serif}.dropdown{top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;background:#fff;position:fixed;overflow-y:scroll;z-index:110}.dropdown::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none}.dropdown .dropdown-logo{display:block}.dropdown .dropdown-logo .logo img{width:59.3%;max-width:300px;padding:12px 0 11px 18px}.dropdown .dropdown-logo .read-in-app{top:18px;right:54px;position:absolute}.dropdown .breadcrumb{display:none}.dropdown .btns{padding:0 15px;margin-top:70px}.dropdown .btns .btn-title{display:block}.dropdown .btns .btn{font-size:14px;width:47%;padding:9px 0 6px 0;transition:all .3s;border-radius:3px}.dropdown .btns .btn.btn-subscribe{position:unset;margin-right:4%}.dropdown .btns .btn.btn-signup,.dropdown .btns .btn.btn-account{position:unset;margin-right:0}.dropdown .btns .btn:hover,.dropdown .btns .btn:focus{outline:0}.dropdown .btns .btn.btn-premium{position:unset;font-size:inherit;width:47%;text-align:center;font-size:14px;height:inherit;top:0;right:inherit;left:inherit;padding:7px 0;margin-right:4%}.dropdown .btns .btn.btn-premium img{width:25px;height:auto}.dropdown .search-box{background:#f1f1f1;padding:20px 12px 10px}.dropdown .search-box .search{padding:0;width:100%}.dropdown .breaking-menu{padding:5px 15px 15px;background:#f2f2f2;margin:-1px 0 0}.dropdown .breaking-menu .menu-list li{width:49%;margin:4px 0}.dropdown .breaking-menu .menu-list li a{font-family:"Merriweather",serif}.dropdown .breaking-menu .menu-list li a img{fill:#b00020}.dropdown .search-box,.dropdown .breaking-menu{position:relative}.dropdown .search-box::after,.dropdown .breaking-menu::after{content:"";position:absolute;background:#f1f1f1;width:100px;height:100%;right:-12px;z-index:-1;top:0}.dropdown .search-box::before,.dropdown .breaking-menu::before{content:"";position:absolute;background:#f1f1f1;width:100px;height:100%;left:-12px;z-index:-1;top:0}.dropdown .fixed-menu{padding:10px 15px 0}.dropdown .fixed-menu .menu-list li{width:49%;margin:0}.dropdown .fixed-menu .menu-list li a{color:#b00020;font-family:"Merriweather",serif;border-top:1px solid #aaa;width:90%;display:block;padding:10px 0}.dropdown .fixed-menu .menu-list li:first-child a,.dropdown .fixed-menu .menu-list li:nth-child(2) a{border-top:1px solid transparent}.dropdown .fixed-menu .menu-list.more li a{border-top:1px solid #aaa}.dropdown .header-link{margin-top:15px;padding:0 15px}.dropdown .header-link .paper,.dropdown .header-link .newsletter{margin:7px 0;margin-right:20px;padding-left:30px}.dropdown .connect-us{padding:0 15px;margin:10px 0 0;display:block}.dropdown .social-icons{padding:0 15px;margin:10px 0 0}.dropdown .social-icons li{margin:0 5px 0 0}.dropdown .social-icons li:last-child{margin:0}.dropdown .social-icons li a{margin:0}.dropdown .social-icons li a img{top:0;left:0;width:35px;height:auto}.xs-reverse-dropdown{display:flex;flex-direction:column-reverse}@media screen and (max-width:999px){.xs-reverse-dropdown{display:flex;flex-direction:column-reverse}.header-logo-cont{margin:0;text-align:left;z-index:0;width:60%;max-width:300px;padding:14px 0}.header-logo-cont .mobile-logo{width:auto;height:auto}.btn-subscribe,.premium-label,.read-in-app{font-size:10px;border-radius:0;width:70px;margin:0;padding:2px 0 1px 0}.read-in-app{background:#fff;color:#b00020}.go-to-search{box-shadow:none}.go-to-search::after{top:-1px;font-size:18px}.go-to-search:hover,.go-to-search:focus{background:#787878}.go-to-search:hover::after,.go-to-search:focus::after{opacity:1;right:-8px}.menu-btn{position:absolute;top:5px;right:6px;width:44px;height:44px;padding:9px 10px;z-index:9;text-align:center}.btns .btn-subscribe{position:absolute;top:18px;right:58px}.btns .read-in-app{position:absolute;top:55px;right:14px}.btns .btn-premium{position:absolute;top:19px;right:50px;width:82px;text-align:right;font-size:11px;padding:0;height:20px}.btns .btn-premium img{width:20px;height:auto;top:-1px}header .container{margin-left:0}.navbar-nav{display:block;overflow:auto;white-space:nowrap;width:70%;padding:0 0 12px;margin-bottom:10px}.navbar-nav::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none}.navbar-nav .nav-item{display:inline-block}.navbar-nav .nav-item .nav-link{border:0;font-size:14px;width:auto;margin-right:10px;padding:0;font-family:"Merriweather Sans",sans-serif;color:#b00020;font-weight:400}.menu-list li a{text-decoration:none}.menu-list li a:hover,.menu-list li a:focus{text-decoration:none}.menu-list li a.see-all .arrow{top:8px}.fixed-menu{padding:20px 15px 0}.fixed-menu .menu-list li{width:49%;margin:8px 0}.fixed-menu .menu-list li a{color:#7d7e82;font-family:"Merriweather Sans",sans-serif}.dropdown .dropdown-logo .logo img{width:59.3%;max-width:300px;padding:12px 0 11px 18px}.dropdown .dropdown-logo .read-in-app{top:17px;right:58px;position:absolute}.dropdown .breadcrumb{display:none}.dropdown .btns{padding:0 15px;margin-top:60px}.dropdown .btns .btn-title{display:block}.dropdown .btns .btn{font-size:14px;width:47%;padding:9px 0 6px 0;transition:all .3s;border-radius:3px}.dropdown .btns .btn.btn-subscribe{position:unset;margin-right:4%}.dropdown .btns .btn.btn-signup,.dropdown .btns .btn.btn-account{position:unset;margin-right:0}.dropdown .btns .btn:hover,.dropdown .btns .btn:focus{outline:0}.dropdown .btns .btn.btn-premium{position:unset;font-size:inherit;width:47%;text-align:center;font-size:14px;height:inherit;top:0;right:inherit;left:inherit;padding:7px 0;margin-right:4%}.dropdown .btns .btn.btn-premium img{width:25px;height:auto}.dropdown .search-box{background:#f1f1f1;padding:20px 12px 10px}.dropdown .search-box .search{padding:0;width:100%}.dropdown .breaking-menu{padding:5px 15px 15px;background:#f2f2f2;margin:-1px 0 0}.dropdown .breaking-menu .menu-list li{width:49%;margin:4px 0}.dropdown .breaking-menu .menu-list li a{font-family:"Merriweather",serif}.dropdown .breaking-menu .menu-list li a img{fill:#b00020}.dropdown .search-box,.dropdown .breaking-menu{position:relative}.dropdown .search-box::after,.dropdown .breaking-menu::after{content:"";position:absolute;background:#f1f1f1;width:100px;height:100%;right:-12px;z-index:-1;top:0}.dropdown .search-box::before,.dropdown .breaking-menu::before{content:"";position:absolute;background:#f1f1f1;width:100px;height:100%;left:-12px;z-index:-1;top:0}.dropdown .fixed-menu{padding:10px 15px 0}.dropdown .fixed-menu .menu-list li{width:49%;margin:0}.dropdown .fixed-menu .menu-list li a{color:#b00020;font-family:"Merriweather",serif;border-top:1px solid #aaa;width:90%;display:block;padding:10px 0}.dropdown .fixed-menu .menu-list li:first-child a,.dropdown .fixed-menu .menu-list li:nth-child(2) a{border-top:1px solid transparent}.dropdown .fixed-menu .menu-list.more li a{border-top:1px solid #aaa}.dropdown .header-link{margin-top:15px;padding:0 15px}.dropdown .header-link .paper,.dropdown .header-link .newsletter{margin:7px 0;margin-right:20px;padding-left:30px}.dropdown .connect-us{padding:0 15px;margin:10px 0 0;display:block}.dropdown .social-icons{padding:0 15px;margin:10px 0 0}.dropdown .social-icons li{margin:0 5px 0 0}.dropdown .social-icons li:last-child{margin:0}.dropdown .social-icons li a{margin:0}.dropdown .social-icons li a img{top:0;left:0;width:35px;height:auto}}@media screen and (max-width:999px) and (min-width:450px){.res-br{display:none}}@media not all and (min-resolution:.001dpcm){@supports(-webkit-appearance:none){@media screen and (max-width:999px){.go-to-search::after{top:4px}}.go-to-search::after{top:4px}}}.container{max-width:1300px}a,button{cursor:pointer;text-decoration:none;color:inherit}a:hover,button:hover{color:inherit}footer{background-color:#f2f2f2}footer .footer-logo{width:auto;padding:15px 0 15px 0}footer .footer-logo .mobile-logo{width:410px}footer .footer-menu h5{font-size:14px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Merriweather Sans",sans-serif;color:#000;padding:10px 0 0;margin:0;border-top:5px solid #000;font-weight:800}footer .footer-menu h5 span{font-weight:800;font-family:"Merriweather Sans",sans-serif}footer .link-list{margin:0 0 10px;padding:0;list-style:none}footer .link-list li{display:inline-block;position:relative;margin-right:15px}footer .link-list li::after{color:#6c757d;content:"/";position:absolute;right:-12px;top:4px;font-size:12px}footer .link-list li:last-child::after{display:none}footer .link-list li a{font-size:12px;line-height:normal;color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-family:"Merriweather Sans",sans-serif}footer .link-list li a:hover{text-decoration:none}footer .copyrights{margin-bottom:5px}footer .copyrights a{font-size:12px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Merriweather Sans",sans-serif;color:#000}.footer-list{padding:0;margin:0;list-style:none}.footer-list .title{list-style:none}.footer-list .title .footer-sub-list{padding:0;margin:0;list-style:none}.footer-list .title .footer-sub-list li{list-style:none;font-size:14px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Merriweather Sans",sans-serif;color:#000;margin:3px 0}.footer-list .title .footer-sub-list li a{padding:3px 0;display:inline-block;font-family:"Merriweather Sans",sans-serif}@media screen and (max-width:570px){footer .footer-logo{text-align:center}footer .footer-logo .mobile-logo{width:270px;margin-bottom:20px;margin-left:0;display:block}footer .footer-menu h5.no-border{border-top:0}footer .footer-menu-tamil{font-size:13px;line-height:0}footer .footer-list{padding-left:0;padding-bottom:5px}footer .footer-list h5{position:relative;z-index:9;padding:4px 0;margin:2px 0;border-top:0}footer .footer-list .title li{display:inline-block;width:49%;vertical-align:top}footer .copyrights{text-align:left;line-height:20px}}section{display:block;clear:both;width:100%;margin:60px auto}.container{max-width:1300px}a,button{cursor:pointer;text-decoration:none;color:inherit}a:hover,button:hover{text-decoration:underline;color:inherit}.spliter{padding:40px 0 0;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.2509803922);margin-bottom:40px}.basic-btn{width:100%;height:60px;border:1px solid #000;border-radius:3px;font-family:"Merriweather Sans",sans-serif;text-transform:uppercase;font-size:18px;color:#000;padding:0 20px;background:0;margin:10px 0;position:relative;transition:all .3s}.basic-btn span{font-family:inherit;position:relative;top:1px}.basic-btn:focus{box-shadow:none;outline:0}.basic-btn:after{content:"→";position:relative;opacity:0;top:0;right:20%;transition:.3s}.basic-btn:hover{padding-right:60px;padding-left:30px;color:#000;text-decoration:none;outline:0}.basic-btn:hover::after{opacity:1;right:-8px}.no-border{border:0}.element{padding:0;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.2509803922)}.element:last-child{border-bottom:0}.element .label{color:#b00020;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:"Merriweather Sans",sans-serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:14px;text-align:left;margin:15px 0 5px}.element .picture{width:100%;height:auto;margin:10px 0 15px;position:relative}.element .picture img{width:100%;object-fit:cover;object-position:center;height:100%;min-height:unset}.element .title{font-family:"Merriweather",serif;font-size:22px;line-height:normal;letter-spacing:-0.4px;text-align:left;margin:10px 0 20px;color:#000}.number-list{margin:0;margin-left:40px;padding:0;list-style:none;counter-reset:item}.number-list li{padding:12px 0;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.2509803922);counter-increment:item;position:relative}.number-list li a{font-family:"Merriweather",serif;color:#000;text-decoration:none}.number-list li:last-child{border-bottom:0}.number-list li::before{margin-right:10px;content:counter(item);color:#000;text-align:center;position:absolute;left:-35px;font-size:34px;font-style:italic;line-height:normal;top:calc(50% - 23px)}.breadcrumb .breadcrumb-item a{text-decoration:none;font-family:"Merriweather Sans",sans-serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.5px;text-transform:uppercase;color:#999}.breadcrumb .breadcrumb-item::before{font-size:12px;top:4px;position:relative;padding-right:5px;right:1px}.breadcrumb .breadcrumb-item.active a{color:#b00020}.title-patch{color:#b00020;font-size:30px;font-family:"Playfair Display",serif;font-weight:900;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:20px 0 15px;display:inline-block}.col-12 .element:first-child{margin-top:0}.col-12 .element:first-child div:first-child{margin-top:0}.col-12 .element:last-child div:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.col-12 .element{width:100%}.article-section h1.title{color:#000;font-size:40px;line-height:normal;text-align:left;font-family:"Merriweather",serif;font-weight:bold;margin:10px 0}.article-section h1.title .premium-label{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;padding:0;background:#fc0;border-radius:0;border:0;color:#000;width:max-content;font-size:12px;font-weight:bold;margin:0;font-family:"Merriweather Sans",sans-serif}.article-section h1.title .premium-label span{font-family:"Merriweather Sans",sans-serif;color:#000;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;font-weight:bold;display:block;padding-left:30px;background:url("https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009im_/https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/h-circle-black-white-new.svg") no-repeat;background-size:22px 22px;background-position:10px 4px;padding:8px 8px 7px 35px;width:max-content}.article-section .publish-time{color:#707070;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;text-align:left;font-family:"Merriweather Sans",sans-serif;font-weight:bold;margin:20px 0 20px}.article-section .sub-title{color:#000;font-size:18px;line-height:normal;text-align:left;font-family:"Merriweather",serif;font-weight:bold;margin:15px 0}.article-section .author{margin:15px 0;width:max-content}.article-section .author.multi-author{display:none}.article-section .author.multi-author .author-name{margin-left:0}.article-section .author .aut-img{width:50px;height:50px;margin:0;margin-right:10px;position:relative;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;cursor:pointer}.article-section .author .aut-img img{object-fit:cover;object-position:center;width:50px;height:50px}.article-section .author .author-name{color:#000;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;text-align:left;font-family:"Merriweather Sans",sans-serif;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:.6px;margin:0;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer}.article-section .article-picture .picture{width:100%;margin:0}.article-section .article-picture .picture img{width:100%;object-fit:cover;object-position:center;height:100%;min-height:unset}.article-section .article-picture .caption{color:#000;font-size:14px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;font-family:"Merriweather Sans",sans-serif;font-weight:200;margin:10px 0 15px;letter-spacing:-0.2px}.article-section .article-picture .caption a{font-family:inherit;font-weight:inherit;text-decoration:none;color:#000;font-size:12px}.article-section .article-picture .caption a:hover{text-decoration:none}.article-section .article-picture .caption a span{text-decoration:underline;font-family:inherit;font-weight:inherit}.article-section .article-picture .caption a span:hover{text-decoration:none}.article-section .article-picture p{margin:15px 0 30px}.article-section .article-ad{background:#f1f1f1;padding:20px 0;margin:25px auto;width:100%}.article-section .article-ad .ad{width:500px;height:250px;margin:0 auto 20px;position:relative}.article-section .article-ad .ad img{object-fit:cover;object-position:center;width:500px;height:250px}.article-section .article-ad .ad::after{content:"ADVERTISEMENT";text-align:center;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:9px;font-family:"Merriweather",serif;position:relative;display:block;bottom:-5px;width:100%;height:10px;left:0}.article-section .article-ad.two-side{padding:0;background:#f5f5f5;display:table;max-width:700px}.article-section .article-ad.two-side .ad-img{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle;width:50%;background:#f5f5f5;padding:20px 10px}.article-section .article-ad.two-side .ad-img .ad{width:300px;height:250px;margin:0 auto 20px;position:relative}.article-section .article-ad.two-side .ad-img .ad img{object-fit:cover;object-position:center;width:300px;height:250px}.article-section .article-ad.two-side .ad-img .ad::after{content:"ADVERTISEMENT";text-align:center;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:9px;font-family:"Merriweather",serif;position:relative;display:block;bottom:-5px;width:100%;height:10px;left:0}.article-section .article-ad.two-side .ad-text{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle;width:50%;background:#e8e8e8}.article-section .article-ad.two-side .ad-text .text{color:#000;font-size:16px;line-height:22px;text-align:center;font-family:"Merriweather",serif;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:13px}.article-section .article-ad.two-side .ad-text .black-btn{background:#000;color:#fff;font-size:13px;width:240px;height:42px;padding:0 0 0 15px;margin:0 auto;display:block;text-transform:none}.article-section .article-ad.two-side .ad-text .black-btn img{width:30px;height:30px;margin-right:5px}.article-section .article-ad.two-side .ad-text .black-btn:hover{padding-right:20px;padding-left:10px}.article-section .article-ad.two-side .ad-text .black-btn::after{font-size:18px;line-height:0}.article-section .article-ad.two-side .ad-text .terms{color:#000;font-size:10px;line-height:normal;text-align:center;font-family:"Merriweather",serif;font-weight:normal;margin:15px auto}.article-section .article-ad.two-side.text-ad{background:#e8e8e8;min-height:300px}.article-section .article-ad.two-side.text-ad .ad-text{width:100%}.article-section p{color:#000;font-size:19px;line-height:28px;text-align:left;font-family:"Faustina",serif;font-weight:normal;margin:25px 0;letter-spacing:.05px}.article-section p.first-phara{margin-top:0}.article-section p.first-phara::first-letter {font-family:"Merriweather",serif;text-transform:uppercase;font-size:85px;font-weight:bold;padding:25px 10px 20px;margin-right:10px;float:left;line-height:30px;margin-top:0}.article-section p a{color:#b00020;font-weight:inherit;font-size:inherit;text-decoration:none;font-family:inherit}.article-section p a:hover{text-decoration:underline}.article-section p strong{font-family:inherit}.article-section h4,.article-section h3,.article-section h2,.article-section h5{color:#000;font-size:22px;line-height:normal;text-align:left;font-family:"Merriweather",serif;font-weight:900;margin:25px 0 10px}.article-section h4+p,.article-section h3+p,.article-section h2+p,.article-section h5+p{margin-top:0}.article-section h2.title-patch{color:#b00020;font-family:"Playfair Display",serif;font-size:30px}.article-section h5.red-font{color:#b00020;font-family:inherit}.article-section{padding-right:12px}.article-section .row{width:100%;margin:0 auto}.article-section .also-read{position:unset;padding:0;border-top:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.2509803922);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.2509803922)}.article-section .also-read a.element{width:100%;display:block;padding:10px 0 15px}.article-section .also-read a.element .label{margin:0 0 5px;font-size:16px}.article-section .also-read a.element .picture{width:100px;display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;margin:0;height:100px;margin-right:15px}.article-section .also-read a.element .picture img{height:100%;width:100%}.article-section .also-read a.element .title{font-size:16px;font-weight:bold;margin:5px 0 0;display:inline-block;vertical-align:top}.article-section .also-read a.element:hover{text-decoration:none}.article-section .also-read a.element:hover .label{text-decoration:none}.article-section .also-read a.element:hover .title{text-decoration:underline}.article-section p .red-font{color:#b00020;font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit}.article-section p .gray-font{color:#b5b5b5;font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit}.article-section p strong{font-weight:900}.article-section .related-topics .related-topics-list{margin:0;padding:0}.article-section .related-topics .related-topics-list a{color:#000;font-size:16px;font-family:"Merriweather",serif;margin:3px 0;letter-spacing:-0.4px;border-bottom:1px solid #000;line-height:30px}.article-section .related-topics .related-topics-list a:hover{text-decoration:none;border-bottom:0}.article-section .related-topics .related-topics-list span{margin:0 8px 0 10px;font-size:16px;color:#b00020}.article-section .article-standard_piano-inline-2{width:100%;margin:25px 0 30px;height:677px;position:relative;z-index:1}.article-section .left-img{float:left;max-width:50%;margin-right:20px;display:block}.article-section .left-img img{width:100%}@media not all and (min-resolution:.001dpcm){@supports(-webkit-appearance:none){.basic-btn{width:100%;height:60px;border:1px solid #000;border-radius:3px;font-family:"Merriweather Sans",sans-serif;text-transform:uppercase;font-size:18px;color:#000;padding:0 20px;background:0;margin:10px 0;position:relative;transition:all .3s}.basic-btn span{font-family:inherit}.basic-btn:focus{box-shadow:none;outline:0}.basic-btn:after{content:"→";position:relative;opacity:0;top:3px;right:20%;transition:.3s}.basic-btn:hover{padding-right:60px;padding-left:30px;color:#000;text-decoration:none;outline:0}.basic-btn:hover::after{opacity:1;top:3px;right:-8px}}}@media screen and (max-width:570px){.container{max-width:100%;padding:0 18px;width:100%}.header .container{max-width:unset;width:100%}.spliter{padding:20px 0 0;margin-bottom:20px}section{margin:30px auto}.basic-btn{height:50px;font-size:14px;padding:0 20px;margin:10px 0;max-width:280px}.res-br{display:none}.breadcrumb{margin-bottom:0}.breadcrumb .breadcrumb-item a{font-size:10px}.breadcrumb .breadcrumb-item::before{font-size:10px;top:6px}.article-section nav[aria-label=breadcrumb] .kicker a{font-size:10px;margin-left:5px}.element .label{font-size:12px;margin-bottom:8px;margin-top:10px}.element .title{font-size:16px;margin:8px 0 15px}.element .picture{margin:10px auto 15px}.element:last-child{border-bottom:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.2509803922)}.title-patch{margin:15px auto 10px;font-size:24px}.number-list li::before{font-size:30px}.number-list.slide{white-space:nowrap;overflow-x:auto;margin:15px auto}.number-list.slide::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none}.number-list.slide li{display:inline-block;width:195px;white-space:normal;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:0;border-right:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.2509803922);padding:0;padding-right:5px;margin-left:40px;min-height:80px}.number-list.slide li a{font-size:16px;line-height:20px;display:block}.number-list.slide li::before{top:-4px;left:-33px}.number-list.slide li:last-child{padding-right:0;margin-right:0;border:0}.number-list.slide li:first-child{margin-left:35px}.article-section nav[aria-label=breadcrumb],.article-section .title,.article-section .publish-time,.article-section .sub-title,.article-section .author,.article-section .article-picture,.article-section p,.article-section h4,.article-section .also-read,.article-section .title-patch,.article-section .number-list.slide,.article-section .spliter,.article-section .left-img{max-width:calc(100% - 36px);padding:0;width:100%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.article-section .article-picture.top-pic{max-width:100%}.article-section .article-picture.top-pic .caption{margin:10px auto 25px;max-width:calc(100% - 36px)}.article-section .left-img{float:none;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;display:block}.article-section .related-topics{max-width:calc(100% - 36px);padding:0;width:100%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.article-section .related-topics .title-patch{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.article-section .title-patch{margin-left:18px}.article-section .row,.article-section .col-12{padding:0;margin:0 auto}.article-section.container{max-width:unset;width:100%;padding:0}.article-section h1.title{font-size:22px;margin:10px auto;line-height:32px}.article-section h1.title .premium-label{font-size:10px;font-weight:bold;margin:4px 0;font-family:"Merriweather Sans",sans-serif}.article-section h1.title .premium-label span{font-size:10px;background-size:17px 17px;background-position:9px 5px;padding:8px 10px 7px 30px}.article-section .publish-time{font-size:10px;margin:0 auto 10px}.article-section .sub-title{font-size:14px;line-height:22px;letter-spacing:.5px}.article-section .author{max-width:calc(100% - 36px);padding:0;width:100%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.article-section .author .aut-img{width:40px;height:40px;margin:0;margin-right:10px}.article-section .author .aut-img img{width:40px;height:40px}.article-section .author .author-name{font-size:10px}.article-section .article-picture .caption{font-size:11px;line-height:16px;margin:15px 0}.article-section .article-picture .caption a{font-size:10px}.article-section .article-ad{background:transparent;padding:0;margin:10px auto 40px}.article-section .article-ad .ad{width:300px;height:250px;margin:0 auto}.article-section .article-ad .ad img{content:url(/web/20230128013009im_/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/indias-longest-sea-bridge-in-mumbai-will-be-open-for-traffic-in-november/article66369834.ece/images/ad-2.png);width:300px;height:250px;margin:0 auto}.article-section .article-ad .ad::after{font-size:8px}.article-section .article-ad.two-side{display:block;margin:30px auto}.article-section .article-ad.two-side .ad-img{display:block;width:100%;padding:20px 0;position:relative}.article-section .article-ad.two-side .ad-img .ad::after{font-size:8px}.article-section .article-ad.two-side .ad-img::after{display:none;content:"";width:50px;height:100%;position:absolute;right:-26px;background:#f5f5f5;top:0;z-index:-1}.article-section .article-ad.two-side .ad-img::before{display:none;content:"";width:50px;height:100%;position:absolute;left:-26px;background:#f5f5f5;top:0;z-index:-1}.article-section .article-ad.two-side .ad-text{display:block;width:100%;position:relative;padding:50px 0}.article-section .article-ad.two-side .ad-text::after{display:none;content:"";width:50px;height:100%;position:absolute;right:-26px;background:#e8e8e8;top:0;z-index:-1}.article-section .article-ad.two-side .ad-text::before{display:none;content:"";width:50px;height:100%;position:absolute;left:-26px;background:#e8e8e8;top:0;z-index:-1}.article-section .article-ad.two-side.text-ad{min-height:auto}.article-section p{font-size:17px;line-height:24px;margin:20px auto;font-family:"Faustina",serif}.article-section p.first-phara::first-letter {font-size:55px;line-height:20px;margin-top:5px;padding:10px 3px 5px;padding-bottom:10px}.article-section h4,.article-section h3,.article-section h2,.article-section h5{font-size:18px;margin-top:25px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.article-section h2.title-patch{font-size:24px}.article-section{padding-right:12px}.article-section .row{width:100%;margin:0 auto}.article-section .row .also-read{position:unset;top:0;left:0;padding:0}.article-section .row .also-read a.element{width:auto;display:block;margin:0;position:relative;min-height:120px}.article-section .row .also-read a.element .label{font-size:14px;margin-left:115px;margin-top:0}.article-section .row .also-read a.element .picture{width:100px;height:100px;min-height:100px;margin:0;position:absolute;top:10px;left:0}.article-section .row .also-read a.element .picture img{width:100%;height:100%}.article-section .row .also-read a.element .title{padding:0;margin-left:115px;width:auto;margin-bottom:10px}.article-section .row .also-read a.element:last-child{border:0}.article-section .related-topics .related-topics-list{line-height:normal}.article-section .related-topics .related-topics-list a{font-size:12px;line-height:normal}.article-section .related-topics .related-topics-list span{font-size:12px;margin:0 4px 0 6px}.article-section .article-standard_piano-inline-2{margin:20px 0;height:auto;min-height:500px}.article-section .article-standard_piano-inline-2 .temp{min-height:500px}.col-12 .element:first-child{margin-top:10px}.col-12 .element:first-child div:first-child{margin-top:10px}.col-12 .element:last-child div:last-child{margin-bottom:10px}.col-12 .element{width:100%}}@media screen and (max-width:1000px) and (min-width:571px){.col-12 .element:first-child{margin-top:10px}.col-12 .element:first-child div:first-child{margin-top:10px}.col-12 .element:last-child div:last-child{margin-bottom:10px}.col-12 .element{width:100%}.spliter{padding:30px 0 0;margin-bottom:3 0}.basic-btn{height:50px;font-size:16px;padding:0 20px;margin:10px 0}.article-section{padding-right:12px}.article-section .row{width:100%;margin:0 auto}.article-section .row .also-read{position:unset;top:0;left:0;padding:0}.article-section .row .also-read a.element{width:auto;display:block;margin:0;position:relative;min-height:120px}.article-section .row .also-read a.element .label{font-size:14px;margin-left:115px;margin-top:0}.article-section .row .also-read a.element .picture{width:100px;height:100px;min-height:100px;margin:0;position:absolute;top:10px;left:0}.article-section .row .also-read a.element .picture img{width:100%;height:100%}.article-section .row .also-read a.element .title{padding:0;margin-left:115px;width:auto;margin-bottom:10px}.article-section .row .also-read a.element:last-child{border:0}.element:first-child div:first-child{margin-top:10px}.element:last-child div:last-child{margin-bottom:10px}}@media screen and (max-width:1180px) and (min-width:1001px){.article-section{padding-right:2%}.article-section .row .also-read{position:unset;top:0;left:0;padding:0}.article-section .row .also-read a.element{width:auto;display:block;margin:0;position:relative;min-height:120px}.article-section .row .also-read a.element .label{font-size:14px;margin-left:115px;margin-top:0}.article-section .row .also-read a.element .picture{width:100px;height:100px;margin:0;top:10px;left:0}.article-section .row .also-read a.element .picture img{width:100%;height:100%}.article-section .row .also-read a.element .title{padding:0;margin-left:115px;width:auto;margin-bottom:10px}.article-section .row .also-read a.element:last-child{border:0}.col-12 .element:first-child{margin-top:15px}.col-12 .element:first-child div:first-child{margin-top:15px}.col-12 .element:last-child div:last-child{margin-bottom:15px}.col-12 .element:first-child{margin-top:15px}.col-12 .element:first-child div:first-child{margin-top:15px}.col-12 .element:last-child div:last-child{margin-bottom:15px}}.article-bullet-list{margin:10px auto 30px;padding:0;list-style:none}.article-bullet-list li{padding-left:25px;background:url("https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009im_/https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/see-more-arrow.svg") no-repeat;background-position:1px 11px;font-family:"Faustina",serif;font-size:19px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:23px}.article-bullet-list li:last-child{margin-bottom:0}@media screen and (max-width:570px){.article-bullet-list{max-width:calc(100% - 36px);padding:0;width:100%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.article-bullet-list li{padding-left:25px;background-position:2px 8px;background-size:14px 9px;font-size:17px;line-height:24px;margin-bottom:18px}.article-bullet-list li:last-child{margin-bottom:0}}.article-number-list{margin:10px auto 30px;padding:0;padding-left:20px}.article-number-list li{font-family:"Faustina",serif;font-size:19px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:23px;padding-left:5px}.article-number-list li:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.article-number-list li::marker{font-family:"Faustina",serif}@media screen and (max-width:570px){.article-number-list{max-width:calc(100% - 36px);padding:0 0 0 20px;width:100%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;margin:10px auto 15px}.article-number-list li{padding-left:5px;font-size:17px;line-height:24px;margin-bottom:18px}}.article-live-blocker .divider{height:5px;border-top:1px solid #b00020;border-bottom:1px solid #b00020;margin:15px 0}.article-live-blocker .time{color:#b00020;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:"Merriweather Sans",sans-serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:16px;text-align:left;margin:15px 0 10px}.article-live-blocker .time+h4{margin-top:10px}.article-live-blocker h4{margin:15px 0 8px}.article-live-blocker .tweet-box{max-width:415px;margin:25px auto;display:block}@media screen and (max-width:570px){.article-live-blocker{max-width:calc(100% - 36px);padding:0;width:100%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.article-live-blocker .time{font-size:14px;margin-bottom:7}.article-live-blocker .time+h4{margin-top:7px}.article-live-blocker p{max-width:100%}.article-live-blocker .tweet-box{max-width:90%;margin:15px auto 20px}}@media screen and (max-width:1000px) and (min-width:571px){.article-live-blocker .time{font-size:16px}}.kicker-outline{margin-left:5px;border:1px solid #b00020;width:max-content;padding:3px 7px 1px;position:relative;font-size:14px;font-family:"Merriweather Sans",sans-serif;color:#b00020;font-weight:bold}.kicker-outline::after{content:"";position:absolute;border:1px solid #b00020;width:calc(100%+8px);height:calc(100%+8px);left:-4px;top:-4px}.kicker-outline:hover{border:1px solid #b00020;text-decoration:none}nav .breadcrumb .kicker::before{display:none}nav .breadcrumb .kicker .kicker-outline{color:#b00020;font-size:14px}@media screen and (max-width:570px){.kicker-outline{font-size:12px}.kicker-outline::after{width:calc(100%+6px);height:calc(100%+6px);left:-3px;top:-3px}nav .breadcrumb .kicker .kicker-outline{font-size:12px}}.shirttail{display:block;width:max-content;max-width:100%;background:#ffd2d2;font-family:"Faustina",serif;font-size:19px;line-height:normal;color:#000;padding:1px 10px 5px;margin:20px 0;margin-left:10px;position:relative}.shirttail::before{position:absolute;width:5px;height:100%;left:-10px;top:0;content:"";background-color:#b00020;display:block}@media screen and (max-width:570px){.shirttail{max-width:calc(100% - 46px);padding:1px 10px 5px;width:100%;display:block;font-size:17px;line-height:26px;margin:20px auto;left:5px}}.related-stories-slide{margin:15px 0 15px;white-space:nowrap;overflow-x:auto}.related-stories-slide::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none}.related-stories-slide a{border-right:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.2509803922);display:block;width:max-content;min-height:110px}.related-stories-slide .item{display:inline-block;width:max-content;white-space:normal;vertical-align:top;padding:0;padding-right:5px;min-height:110px}.related-stories-slide a .picture{width:110px;height:110px;display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;margin-right:10px;position:relative}.related-stories-slide a .picture img{width:110px;height:110px;object-fit:cover;object-position:center;min-height:unset}.related-stories-slide a .title{display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;width:200px;padding:0 10px 0 0;font-size:18px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Merriweather",serif;font-weight:bold}.related-stories-slide a:hover .title{text-decoration:underline}@media screen and (max-width:570px){.related-stories{max-width:calc(100% - 36px);padding:0;width:100%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.related-stories .title-patch{margin-left:0;margin-right:0}.related-stories-slide{margin:15px 0}.related-stories-slide a{min-height:90px}.related-stories-slide a .picture{width:90px;height:90px;margin-right:5px}.related-stories-slide a .picture img{width:90px;height:90px}.related-stories-slide a .title{width:180px;padding:0 5px 0 0;font-size:16px}}.article-table{background-color:#f2f2f2;display:block;overflow:auto;width:100%;position:unset;flex-wrap:nowrap;white-space:nowrap}.article-table::-webkit-scrollbar{width:10px;height:5px}.article-table::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{border-radius:5px;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.5)}.article-table tr th,.article-table tr td{border-width:4px 4px;border-color:#f2f2f2;font-size:17px}.article-table tr th{font-weight:900;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:10px 15px;font-family:"Merriweather",serif;text-align:left}.article-table tr td{background:#fff;font-weight:normal;padding:13px 15px 12px;font-family:"Faustina",serif;text-align:left}.article-table .table{margin:0;width:100%}.article-table .table>:not(:last-child)>:last-child>*{border-bottom-color:#f2f2f2}@media screen and (max-width:570px){.article-table{max-width:calc(100% - 36px);padding:0;width:100%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.article-table::-webkit-scrollbar{width:6px;height:3px}.article-table tr th,.article-table tr td{border-width:3px 3px;font-size:15px}.article-table tr th{padding:7px 10px}.article-table tr td{padding:10px 10px 9px}.article-table .table{margin:0}.article-table .table>:not(:last-child)>:last-child>*{border-bottom-color:#f2f2f2}}.article-interview .left-img{float:left;max-width:50%;margin-right:20px;display:block}.article-interview .left-img img{width:100%}@media screen and (max-width:570px){.article-interview{max-width:calc(100% - 36px);padding:0;width:100%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.article-interview .left-img{float:none;max-width:100%;margin-right:0;display:block}.article-interview .left-img img{width:100%}.article-interview h4{max-width:100%}.article-interview p{max-width:100%}}.clearfix{clear:both}.fact-box{background:#f2f2f2;display:block;padding:20px 25px;margin:25px auto}.fact-box .main-title{margin:10px 0;color:inherit;font-size:21px;font-weight:900;font-family:"Merriweather",serif;color:#b00020}.fact-box .sub-title{margin:10px 0;color:inherit;font-size:19px;font-weight:900;font-family:"Merriweather",serif;color:#000}.fact-box .fact-element{padding:0 0 15px;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.2509803922);margin-bottom:0;background:0;font-size:19px;font-family:"Faustina",serif;position:relative;width:calc(100% - 25px);margin:15px 0 15px 25px}.fact-box .fact-element::after{content:"";background:url("https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009im_/https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/see-more-arrow.svg") no-repeat;width:18px;height:9px;background-size:18px 9px;position:absolute;top:11px;left:-25px}.fact-box .fact-element:last-child{border-bottom:0;padding-bottom:0}@media screen and (max-width:570px){.fact-box{background:#f2f2f2;display:block;padding:10px 15px;margin:25px auto;max-width:calc(100% - 36px);width:100%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.fact-box p{max-width:100%}.fact-box .main-title{font-size:19px;max-width:100%}.fact-box .sub-title{font-size:17px;max-width:100%}.fact-box .fact-element{padding:0 0 10px;font-size:17px;line-height:22px;width:calc(100% - 25px);margin:10px 0 10px 25px}.fact-box .fact-element::after{top:9px}}.info-box{background:#f2f2f2;display:block;padding:20px 25px;margin:25px auto}.info-box .main-title{margin:10px 0;color:inherit;font-size:21px;font-weight:900;font-family:"Merriweather",serif;color:#b00020}.info-box .info-element{padding:0 0 15px;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.2509803922);margin-bottom:0;background:0;font-size:19px;font-family:"Faustina",serif;position:relative;width:calc(100% - 25px);margin:15px 0 15px 25px}.info-box .info-element::after{content:"";background:url("https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009im_/https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/see-more-arrow.svg") no-repeat;width:18px;height:9px;background-size:18px 9px;position:absolute;top:11px;left:-25px}.info-box .info-element:last-child{border-bottom:0;padding-bottom:0}@media screen and (max-width:570px){.info-box{background:#f2f2f2;display:block;padding:10px 15px;margin:25px auto;max-width:calc(100% - 36px);width:100%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.info-box .main-title{font-size:19px;max-width:100%}.info-box .info-element{padding:0 0 10px;font-size:17px;line-height:22px;width:calc(100% - 25px);margin:10px 0 10px 25px}.info-box .info-element::after{top:9px}}h5{margin:10px 0;color:inherit;font-size:19px;font-weight:900;font-family:"Merriweather",serif}.red-font{color:#b00020;font-family:inherit}.highlight-list{list-style:none;margin:20px 0;padding:0;display:table}.highlight-list li{display:table-cell;width:23%;margin-right:2%;background:#f2f2f2;vertical-align:top;padding:10px 12px;border-left:4px solid #333;border-right:10px solid #fff}.highlight-list li:last-child{margin-right:0;border-right:0}@media screen and (max-width:570px){h5{max-width:calc(100% - 36px);width:100%;margin-top:15px;margin-bottom:10px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.highlight-list{list-style:none;margin:15px auto 0;padding:0;max-width:calc(100% - 36px);width:100%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.highlight-list li{display:inline-block;width:47.5%;margin-right:3%;font-size:16px;margin-bottom:15px;border-right:0;min-height:165px}.highlight-list li:nth-child(2n){margin-right:0}}.top-developments-list{margin:20px 0;padding:0;list-style:none;counter-reset:item}.top-developments-list li{padding:8px 10px 12px 44px;counter-increment:item;position:relative;background:#f2f2f2;margin-bottom:5px;font-family:"Faustina",serif;font-size:19px;border-left:3px solid #333}.top-developments-list li::before{content:counter(item) ".";color:#000;text-align:center;position:absolute;left:20px;font-size:19px;top:8px}@media screen and (max-width:570px){.top-developments-list{max-width:calc(100% - 36px);width:100%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;margin:15px auto}.top-developments-list li{padding:6px 10px 10px 34px;margin-bottom:3px;font-size:16px;border-left:2px solid #333}.top-developments-list li::before{left:13px;font-size:16px;top:6px}}nav{width:100%}@media screen and (max-width:570px){nav{width:100%}}.get-it-on-app{display:flex;padding-bottom:10px}.get-it-on-app .get-it-on-text{display:inline-flex;font-family:"Merriweather Sans",Regular;font-weight:bold;font-size:12px;padding-top:5px;color:#000}.get-it-on-app img{display:inline-flex;padding-left:10px}@media screen and (max-width:570px){.get-it-on-app{display:flex;padding:15px}.get-it-on-app .get-it-on-text{display:inline-flex;font-family:"Merriweather Sans",Regular;font-weight:bold;font-size:10px;color:#000}.get-it-on-app img{display:inline-flex}} div.piano-modal-paywallblock > * { font-family: 'Fira Sans', sans-serif; } div.piano-modal-paywallblock { clear: both; background: #3A3A3A; margin: 0 -10px; padding: 15px 0; color: #FFFFFF; font-family: 'Fira Sans', sans-serif; position: relative; z-index: 999999999; overflow: hidden; text-align: center; -webkit-box-shadow: 0px -24px 77px 9px rgb(0 0 0 / 75%); -moz-box-shadow: 0px -24px 77px 9px rgba(0,0,0,0.75); box-shadow: 0px -24px 77px 9px rgb(0 0 0 / 75%); } div.piano-modal-paywallblock-nobg { clear: both; background: #3A3A3A; margin: 0 -10px; padding:0 20px 15px; color: #FFFFFF; font-family: 'Fira Sans', sans-serif; position: relative; overflow: hidden; text-align: center; z-index: 999999999; } .hardpaywall .paywallblockcontent__footer{ margin:15px 0 0; } .paywallblockcontent { font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; margin: 15px 0; padding: 0 15px; } .hardpaywalldownload{ display:block; font-weight:700; margin: 10px 0; } .hardpaywalldownload a{ color:#fff; text-decoration:underline; } .paywallblock.showPayWall .unlocktext { font-weight: 700; font-size: 15px; } .paywallblockcontentlogin { margin-top: 15px; } .paywallblock.showPayWall .paywallblockcontent { width: 285px; margin: 0 auto ; clear: both; } .paywallblockcontent__btntext { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; } .unlocktext { font-weight: bold; } .paywallblockcontent__btn { background: #FFF700; padding: 5px 10px; margin-left: 10px; color: #000000; text-transform: uppercase; font-weight: 700; border-radius: 3px; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.42px; } .login-link { display: inline-block; text-decoration: underline; } [class*="-amphtml-subs-grant-no"] div[id^="content-body"]>* { display: none; } [class*="-amphtml-subs-grant-no"] div[id^="content-body"]>p:nth-of-type(1) { display: block; } [class*="-amphtml-subs-grant-no"] div[id^="content-body"]>p:nth-of-type(2) { display: block; max-height: 52px; overflow: hidden; } [class*="-amphtml-subs-grant-no"] div[id^="content-body"] { position: relative; clear:both; } .appdwload{ margin-right: 15px; width: 50%; font-size:12px; } .textalignregline{ margin-right: 10px; width: 65%; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; text-align: left; } .textalignpayline{ margin-right: 10px; width: 30%; font-size: 15px; font-weight:700; line-height: 18px; text-align: right; } [class*="-amphtml-subs-dialog-close-button"]{ border-radius: 100%; cursor: pointer; z-index: 9999999999; top:0; width: 24px; height: 24px; background-position: 6px; } span.meterviews { background: #fff; color: black; font-weight: bold; border-radius: 100%; width: 18px; height: 18px; padding: 5px 8px; } .fullopacity{ opacity:1 } div.piano-modal-paywallblock-nobg.bottomfixed { bottom: 65px; width: 320px; transform: translateY(100vh); left: 50%; margin: 0; margin-left: -160px; padding: 0; position:fixed; border-radius: 5px; } div.piano-modal-paywallblock-nobg.bottomfixed .paywallblockcontent__footer{ margin:15px 0; } .paywallblock .paywallblockcontent { margin:0; } div.piano-modal-paywallblock.showBanner { position: fixed; bottom: 65px; width: 320px; transform: translateY(100vh); border-radius: 5px; box-shadow:none; } div.piano-modal-paywallblock.showBanner.showPageviewCount{ transform: translateY(100vh); left: 50%; margin: 0; margin-left: -160px; } div.piano-modal-paywallblock.scroll { box-shadow:none; } div.piano-modal-paywallblock.inline { width: 90vw; border-radius: 5px; box-shadow:none; margin: 0 auto; } div.piano-modal-paywallblock.showBanner .paywallblockcontent .unlocktext , div.piano-modal-paywallblock-nobg.bottomfixed .paywallblockcontent .unlocktext{ font-size: 15px; text-align: right; width: 30%; line-height: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.3px; } div.piano-modal-paywallblock.showBanner.showPageviewCount .paywallblockcontent .unlocktext { width: 40%; } div.piano-modal-paywallblock.showBanner.showPageviewLast .paywallblockcontent{ margin:0 } div.piano-modal-paywallblock.showBanner.showPageviewLast .paywallblockcontent .unlocktext , div.piano-modal-paywallblock-nobg.bottomfixed .paywallblockcontent .unlocktext { width: 80%; text-align: center; margin:10px 0; } div.piano-modal-paywallblock.showBanner.showPageviewLast .paywallblockcontent .paywallblockcontent__btn, div.piano-modal-paywallblock-nobg.bottomfixed .paywallblockcontent .paywallblockcontent__btn{ width:50%; } .paywallblockcontent_Img{ height:30px; } div.piano-modal-paywallblock.showBanner .paywallblockcontent .paywallblockcontent__btn { font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.42px; font-family: 'Fira Sans', sans-serif; font-weight:700; border-radius: 3px; } div.piano-modal-paywallblock.showBanner .paywallblockcontent { opacity:1; font-size:13px; line-height:20px; margin:0; } div.piano-modal-paywallblock.showBanner .paywallblockcontent__footer { margin-top:15px; } div.piano-modal-paywallblock.showBanner > button , div.piano-modal-paywallblock > button{ position: absolute; right: 5px; top: 3px; width: 18px; height: 18px; border-radius: 100%; padding: 2px; font-size: 12px; background: #232323; color: #FFFFFF; z-index: 999999999; } figure { margin: 0; } .go-to-search > *{ position: absolute; right: 12px; top: 12px; } .logo{ width: 59.3%; max-width: 300px; padding: 12px 0px 11px 18px; } .article-section .advt-wrapper { background: #f1f1f1; padding: 20px 0 20px 0; margin: 25px auto; width: 100%; } .advt-wrapper:after { content: "ADVERTISEMENT"; text-align: center; letter-spacing: 1px; font-size: 9px; font-family: "Merriweather", serif; position: relative; display: block; bottom: -5px; width: 100%; height: 10px; left: 0; } .height250{ min-height:250px; } .height292{ min-height:292px; } .height319{ min-height:319px; } [class*="-amphtml-subs-grant-yes"] .height250, [class*="-amphtml-subs-grant-yes"] .height292, [class*="-amphtml-subs-grant-yes"] .height319{ min-height:auto; } [class*="-amphtml-subs-grant-unk"] [subscriptions-actions] { display:none } .amp-sticky-ad-close-button { visibility: hidden; display: none; } .advt-label { display:none } button.btn.btn-premium > * { width: 20px; height: auto; top: 5px; right: 0px; } @media screen and (max-width: 999px){ .btns .btn-premium { top: 10px; } .btns .btn-premium img { right: -4px; } } .btn-account img { margin-left: 0px; } .ad-section.advt-wrapper { background: none; padding: 0; margin: 0px auto 28px; }</style></head><body><meta itemprop="headline" content="India’s longest sea bridge in Mumbai will be open for traffic in November "/><meta itemprop="description" content="CM Shinde said once the bridge opened for traffic, it would be possible to travel from Sewri in central Mumbai to Chirle in Navi Mumbai in 15 to 20 minutes"/><meta itemprop="datePublished" content="2023-01-12T20:54:47+05:30"/><meta itemprop="dateModified" content="2023-01-12T21:09:48+05:30"/><meta itemprop="url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/indias-longest-sea-bridge-in-mumbai-will-be-open-for-traffic-in-november/article66369834.ece"/><meta itemprop="keywords" content="Mumbai Trans-Harbour Link,Open Road Tolling system,Devendra Fadnavis ,India’s longest sea bridge in Mumbai ,India’s longest sea bridge ,Mumbai sea bridge ,Mumbai Trans-Harbour Link opening date news,Mumbai Trans-Harbour Link news,Trans-Harbour Link news,Trans-Harbour Link ,Mumbai ,Mumbai News"/><meta itemprop="articleSection" content="Mumbai"/><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"/><meta content=" The Hindu Bureau" itemprop="name"/><meta itemprop="url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/profile/author/The-Hindu-Bureau-14355/"/></span><span itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="image"/><meta itemprop="url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://th-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/niqpc1/article66370714.ece/alternates/LANDSCAPE_1200/%20TRANS-HARBOUR%20LINK%20PROJECT%20SITE%20AT%20SEWRI_MUMBAI"/><meta content="1200" itemprop="width"/><meta content="675" itemprop="height"/></span><span itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization" itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="publisher"/><span itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="logo"/><meta content="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/thfooterlogo.png" itemprop="url"/><meta content="600" itemprop="width"/><meta content="60" itemprop="height"/></span><meta content="The Hindu" itemprop="name"/><meta content="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/" itemprop="url"/></span><span itemprop="mainEntityOfPage" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/WebPage"/><meta content="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/indias-longest-sea-bridge-in-mumbai-will-be-open-for-traffic-in-november/article66369834.ece" itemprop="url"/></span><meta itemprop="isAccessibleForFree" content="false"/><div itemprop="isPartOf" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork http://schema.org/Product"><meta itemprop="name" content="The Hindu"/><meta itemprop="productID" content="thehindu.com:showcase"/></div><span itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"><meta itemprop="name" content="The Hindu"/><meta itemprop="url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/"/><meta itemprop="logo" content="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/thfooterlogo.png"/><span itemprop="address" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/PostalAddress"><meta itemprop="streetAddress" content="Kasturi Building, Anna Salai, 859-860, Mount Road"/><meta itemprop="addressLocality" content="Chennai"/><meta itemprop="addressRegion" content="Tamil Nadu"/><meta itemprop="postalCode" content="600002"/><meta itemprop="Telephone" content="+91-44-2857 6300"/></span><meta itemprop="sameAs" content="https://www.facebook.com/thehindu"/><meta itemprop="sameAs" content="https://twitter.com/The_Hindu"/><meta itemprop="sameAs" content="https://instagram.com/the_hindu/?ref=badge"/><meta itemprop="sameAs" content="https://www.youtube.com/user/The1878Hindu"/></span><span itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/NewsMediaOrganization"><meta itemprop="name" content="The Hindu"/><meta itemprop="url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/"/><meta itemprop="logo" content="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/thfooterlogo.png"/><span itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="logo"/><meta content="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/thfooterlogo.png" itemprop="url"/><meta content="278" itemprop="width"/><meta content="49" itemprop="height"/></span><meta itemprop="sameAs" content="https://www.facebook.com/thehindu"/><meta itemprop="sameAs" content="https://twitter.com/The_Hindu"/><meta itemprop="sameAs" content="https://instagram.com/the_hindu/?ref=badge"/><meta itemprop="sameAs" content="https://www.youtube.com/user/The1878Hindu"/></span><amp-analytics config="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.googletagmanager.com/amp.json?id=GTM-TQHLT7T>m.url=SOURCE_URL" data-credentials="include"></amp-analytics><amp-auto-ads type="adsense" data-ad-client="ca-pub-3185547171517244"></amp-auto-ads><amp-analytics type="googleanalytics"><script type="application/json"> { "vars": { "account": "UA-10158580-1" }, "triggers": { "trackPageviewWithAmpdocUrl": { "on": "visible", "request": "pageview", "vars": { "title": "India's longest sea bridge in Mumbai will be open for traffic in November ", "ampdocUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/indias-longest-sea-bridge-in-mumbai-will-be-open-for-traffic-in-november/article66369834.ece" } } } } </script></amp-analytics><amp-analytics type="comscore"><script type="application/json"> { "vars": { "c2": "11398210" }, "extraUrlParams": { "comscorekw": "amp" } } </script></amp-analytics><amp-analytics type="cxense"><script type="application/json"> { "vars": { "siteId": "1129576936026899562" } } </script></amp-analytics><header class="header"><!-- Mobile Header --><div class="container"><div class="header-logo-cont"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/" class=""><amp-img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009im_/https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/thehindu-logo.svg" class="img-fluid mobile-logo" width="195" height="18"></amp-img></a></div><div class="btns"><button type="button" class="btn btn-premium" role="button" subscriptions-actions tabindex="0" subscriptions-display="data.c.premiumuser" subscriptions-service="local"><amp-img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009im_/https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/h-circle-yellow-new.svg" width="20" height="20"></amp-img> PREMIUM</button><button type="button" class="btn btn-subscribe" role="button" subscriptions-action="subscribe" tabindex="0" subscriptions-display="NOT data.c.premiumuser" subscriptions-service="local">SUBSCRIBE</button></div><!-- menu icon --><div class="menu-btn" role="button" on="tap:menu" tabindex="0"><amp-img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009im_/https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/menu-hamber-icon.svg" class="menu-hamber" width="25" height="14" alt="HamberMenu"></amp-img></div><!-- Menu Link --> <ul class="navbar-nav me-auto mb-lg-0" id="navbar_top_innermenu"> <li class="nav-item "> <a class="nav-link " href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/"> India </a> <li class="nav-item "> <a class="nav-link " href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/"> World </a> <li class="nav-item "> <a class="nav-link " href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/"> Opinion </a> <li class="nav-item "> <a class="nav-link " href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/"> Entertainment </a> <li class="nav-item "> <a class="nav-link " rel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/"> Today&#039;s Paper </a> </ul> </div></header><section class="mt-0"><div class="container article-section"><div class="height319"><div class="advt-wrapper ad-section mt-3" subscriptions-actions subscriptions-display="(NOT grantReason = 'SUBSCRIBER') OR (data.p.showPayWall AND NOT granted)"><p class="advt-label">ADVERTISEMENT</p><div><amp-iframe title="User Sync" width="1" height="1" sandbox="allow-same-origin allow-scripts" frameborder="0" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009if_/https://ads.pubmatic.com/AdServer/js/pwtSync/load-cookie.html?pubid=159088&amp;profid=2561&amp;bidders=appnexus,pubmatic,districtm,rubicon,ix"><amp-img layout="fill" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP///wAAACH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==" placeholder></amp-img></amp-iframe><amp-iframe layout="fixed-height" width="auto" title="User Sync" height="1" sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin" frameborder="0" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009if_/https://b2cdn.automatad.com/geo/amp_user_sync/load-cookies.html"><amp-img layout="fill" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP///wAAACH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==" placeholder width="1" height="1"></amp-img></amp-iframe><center><amp-ad width="300" height="250" type="doubleclick" data-slot="/22390678/HIndu_AMP_Top" data-multi-size="300x250,336x280" data-multi-size-validation="false" rtc-config="{ &quot;vendors&quot;: { &quot;openwrap&quot;: { &quot;PROFILE_ID&quot; : &quot;2561&quot;, &quot;PUB_ID&quot; : &quot;159088&quot; }, &quot;aps&quot;: {&quot;PUB_ID&quot;: &quot;600&quot;, &quot;PUB_UUID&quot;: &quot;393a121e-26bf-4c86-adda-154909cc8e5d&quot;, &quot;PARAMS&quot;:{&quot;amp&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}}, &quot;urls&quot;: [&quot;https://us-east-pbs.automatad.com/openrtb2/amp?tag_id=EwrTRc_HIndu_AMP_Top&quot;,&quot;https://bid.atmtd.com/request?placement_id=gORWMM&amp;site_id=rfJE8v&amp;viewablity=BKG_STATE&amp;w=ATTR(width)&amp;h=ATTR(height)&amp;ow=ATTR(data-override-width)&amp;oh=ATTR(data-override-height)&amp;ms=ATTR(data-multi-size)&amp;slot=ATTR(data-slot)&amp;curl=CANONICAL_URL&amp;timeout=TIMEOUT&amp;purl=HREF&amp;cur=USD&amp;pos=header&quot;]}, &quot;timeoutMillis&quot;: 1000}" data-enable-refresh="30"></amp-ad></center></div></div></div><div class="row justify-content-end"><nav aria-label="breadcrumb"><ol class="breadcrumb" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/BreadcrumbList"><li class="breadcrumb-item " itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/" itemtype="https://schema.org/Thing" itemprop="item"> Home </a><meta itemprop="name" content="Home"><meta itemprop="position" content="1"></li><li class="breadcrumb-item " itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/news/" itemtype="https://schema.org/Thing" itemprop="item"> News </a><meta itemprop="name" content="News"><meta itemprop="position" content="2"></li><li class="breadcrumb-item " itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/" itemtype="https://schema.org/Thing" itemprop="item"> Cities </a><meta itemprop="name" content="Cities"><meta itemprop="position" content="3"></li><li class="breadcrumb-item active" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/" itemtype="https://schema.org/Thing" itemprop="item"> Mumbai </a><meta itemprop="name" content="Mumbai"><meta itemprop="position" content="4"></li></ol></nav><div class="col-xl-12 col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-12 storyline" data-id="66369834" data-url="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009oe_/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/indias-longest-sea-bridge-in-mumbai-will-be-open-for-traffic-in-november/article66369834.ece" data-title="India’s longest sea bridge in Mumbai will be open for traffic in November "><h1 itemprop="name" class="title"> India’s longest sea bridge in Mumbai will be open for traffic in November </h1><p class="publish-time"> January 12, 2023 08:54 pm | Updated 09:09 pm IST - MUMBAI </p><h3 class="sub-title">CM Shinde said once the bridge opened for traffic, it would be possible to travel from Sewri in central Mumbai to Chirle in Navi Mumbai in 15 to 20 minutes</h3><div class="author"><div class="author-name noimg"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/profile/author/The-Hindu-Bureau-14355/" class="person-name lnk"> The Hindu Bureau</a></div></div><div class="article-picture top-pic"><div class="picture"><figure><amp-img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009im_/https://th-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/niqpc1/article66370714.ece/alternates/FREE_1200/%20TRANS-HARBOUR%20LINK%20PROJECT%20SITE%20AT%20SEWRI_MUMBAI" alt="" title="" width="4760" height="3173" layout="responsive"></amp-img><p class="caption"> Trans-harbour Link project site at Sewri. File | Photo Credit: Emmanual Yogini </p></figure></div></div><div id="content-body-66369834" class="articlebodycontent col-xl-12 col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-12" itemprop="articleBody"><amp-position-observer intersection-ratios="0.5" on="scroll:showdialog.seekTo(percent=event.percent)" layout="nodisplay"></amp-position-observer><p>Maharashtra Chief Minister Eknath Shinde said that 90% civil work of the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/" target="_blank">Mumbai</a> Trans-Harbour Link, the country’s longest sea bridge, had been completed, and it would be open for traffic in November this year.</p><div class="article-quote"><p> “Vehicles would not have to stop on the bridge for paying toll, thanks to the Open Tolling System”<span class="quote-by">Eknath Shinde<span class="ng_quote_attrib">Maharashtra Chief Minister</span></span></p></div><p>The bridge would be the first to have an Open Road Tolling (ORT) system and of the 22-km bridge, 16.5 km-long stretch is above the sea.</p><p>Mr. Shinde said once the bridge opened for traffic, it would be possible to travel from Sewri in central Mumbai to Chirle in Navi Mumbai in 15 to 20 minutes.</p><div id="piano-modal-paywallblock-nobg" class="piano-modal-paywallblock inline paywallblock" subscriptions-actions subscriptions-display="data.c.showRegInline AND granted" subscriptions-service="local"><div class="paywallblockcontent__footer" align="center"><div class="paywallblockcontent__btntext"><div class="textalignregline"> Sign up for newsletters, unlock features and do more on The Hindu </div><div class="paywallblockcontent__btn" role="button" tabindex="0" subscriptions-display="true" subscriptions-action="login" subscriptions-service="local"> LOG IN </div></div></div></div><div id="piano-modal-paywallblock-nobg" class="piano-modal-paywallblock inline paywallblock" subscriptions-actions subscriptions-display="data.c.showPayInline AND granted" subscriptions-service="local"><div class="paywallblockcontent__footer" align="center"><div class="paywallblockcontent__btntext"><div class="textalignpayline"> Support our reporting. </div><div class="paywallblockcontent__btn" role="button" tabindex="0" subscriptions-display="true" subscriptions-action="subscribe" subscriptions-service="local"> SUBSCRIBE NOW </div></div></div></div><center><amp-ad width="300" height="250" type="doubleclick" data-slot="/22390678/Hindu_AMP_Middle" data-multi-size="300x250,336x280" data-multi-size-validation="false" data-loading-strategy="2" data-lazy-fetch="true" rtc-config="{&quot;vendors&quot;: {&quot;aps&quot;: {&quot;PUB_ID&quot;: &quot;600&quot;, &quot;PUB_UUID&quot;: &quot;393a121e-26bf-4c86-adda-154909cc8e5d&quot;, &quot;PARAMS&quot;:{&quot;amp&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}}},&quot;urls&quot;: [&quot;https://us-east-pbs.automatad.com/openrtb2/amp?tag_id=EwrTRc_Hindu_AMP_Middle&quot;,&quot;https://bid.atmtd.com/request?placement_id=cP0TjQ&amp;site_id=rfJE8v&amp;viewablity=BKG_STATE&amp;w=ATTR(width)&amp;h=ATTR(height)&amp;ow=ATTR(data-override-width)&amp;oh=ATTR(data-override-height)&amp;ms=ATTR(data-multi-size)&amp;slot=ATTR(data-slot)&amp;curl=CANONICAL_URL&amp;timeout=TIMEOUT&amp;purl=HREF&amp;cur=USD&amp;pos=boa&quot;]}" data-enable-refresh="30"></amp-ad></center><p>“Vehicles would not have to stop on the bridge for paying toll, thanks to the Open Tolling System,” he said. </p><p>Meanwhile, Deputy Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis on Thursday said that continuous efforts were being made to ease the commute in Mumbaikars’ life and bring relief from traffic woes.</p><p>“Reviewed the concept of ‘Multi-Modal Integrated Transportation Network Through Tunnels’ in a meeting chaired by CM Eknath Shinde,” he said.</p><p>“We have also discussed concepts like double deck and multi deck tunnel for better public transport,” Mr. Fadnavis said.</p><p>Further, he said that directions were given to MMRDA, BMC, GoM and respective senior officials working on Integrated Traffic Management Network Systems to study in-depth and submit a feasibility report at the earliest.</p><div class="articleblock-container" id="arthardpv"></div><div class="height292"><div class="advt-wrapper" subscriptions-actions subscriptions-display="NOT grantReason = 'SUBSCRIBER'"><p class="advt-label">ADVERTISEMENT</p><center><amp-ad width="300" height="250" type="doubleclick" data-slot="/22390678/Hindu_AMP_Middle02" data-multi-size="300x250,336x280" data-multi-size-validation="false" data-loading-strategy="2" data-lazy-fetch="true" rtc-config="{ &quot;vendors&quot;: { &quot;openwrap&quot;: { &quot;PROFILE_ID&quot; : &quot;2561&quot;, &quot;PUB_ID&quot; : &quot;159088&quot; }, &quot;aps&quot;: {&quot;PUB_ID&quot;: &quot;600&quot;, &quot;PUB_UUID&quot;: &quot;393a121e-26bf-4c86-adda-154909cc8e5d&quot;, &quot;PARAMS&quot;:{&quot;amp&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}}, &quot;urls&quot;: [&quot;https://us-east-pbs.automatad.com/openrtb2/amp?tag_id=EwrTRc_Hindu_AMP_Middle02&quot;,&quot;https://bid.atmtd.com/request?placement_id=cP0TjQ&amp;site_id=rfJE8v&amp;viewablity=BKG_STATE&amp;w=ATTR(width)&amp;h=ATTR(height)&amp;ow=ATTR(data-override-width)&amp;oh=ATTR(data-override-height)&amp;ms=ATTR(data-multi-size)&amp;slot=ATTR(data-slot)&amp;curl=CANONICAL_URL&amp;timeout=TIMEOUT&amp;purl=HREF&amp;cur=USD&amp;pos=boa&quot;]}, &quot;timeoutMillis&quot;: 1000}" data-enable-refresh="30"></amp-ad></center></div></div><div class="spliter pt-0 mb-0"></div><div subscriptions-actions subscriptions-display="granted" subscriptions-service="local"><div class="related-topics"><h2 class="title-patch mt-0">Related Topics</h2><p class="related-topics-list"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/tag/167-165-81/" class=" txt"> Mumbai </a><span> / </span><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/tag/165-81/" class=" txt"> Maharashtra </a><span> / </span><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/tag/921-918-684/" class=" txt"> road transport </a></p></div></div></div><div id="piano-modal-paywallblock" class="piano-modal-paywallblock paywallblock showPayWall hardpaywall" subscriptions-actions subscriptions-display="data.p.showPayWall AND NOT granted" subscriptions-service="local"><div class="paywallblockcontent"> This is a Premium article available exclusively to our subscribers. To read 250+ such premium articles every month <div class="paywallblockcontent__footer" align="center"><div class="paywallblockcontent__btntext"><div class="unlocktext"> unlock them all </div><div class="paywallblockcontent__btn" role="button" subscriptions-action="subscribe" tabindex="0" subscriptions-display="true" subscriptions-service="local"> SUBSCRIBE NOW </div></div><div class="paywallblockcontentlogin" subscriptions-actions subscriptions-display="NOT data.loggedIn" subscriptions-service="local"><div role="button" tabindex="0" subscriptions-display="true" subscriptions-action="login" subscriptions-service="local" class="login-link"> Log in </div> If you're already a subscriber </div></div></div></div><div id="piano-modal-paywallblock" class=" piano-modal-paywallblock paywallblock hardpaywall" subscriptions-actions subscriptions-display="data.p.showPageviewExpired AND NOT granted" subscriptions-service="local"><div class="paywallblockcontent"> You have exhausted your free article limit. </br>Please support quality journalism. <div class="paywallblockcontent__footer" align="center"><div class="paywallblockcontent__btntext"><div class="paywallblockcontent__btn" role="button" tabindex="0" subscriptions-action="subscribe" subscriptions-display="true" subscriptions-service="local"> SUBSCRIBE NOW </div></div><span class="hardpaywalldownload"> or read this article by <a role="button" tabindex="0" subscriptions-action="androidUrl" subscriptions-display="true">Downloading The Hindu News app</a></span><div class="paywallblockcontentlogin" subscriptions-actions subscriptions-display="NOT data.loggedIn" subscriptions-service="local"><div role="button" tabindex="0" subscriptions-display="true" subscriptions-action="login" subscriptions-service="local" class="login-link"> Log in </div> If you're already a subscriber </div></div></div></div><div id="piano-modal-paywallblock" class=" piano-modal-paywallblock paywallblock hardpaywall" subscriptions-actions subscriptions-display="data.c.Showpageviewexpiredios AND NOT granted" subscriptions-service="local"><div class="paywallblockcontent"> You have exhausted your free article limit. </br>Please support quality journalism. <div class="paywallblockcontent__footer" align="center"><div class="paywallblockcontent__btntext"><div class="paywallblockcontent__btn" role="button" tabindex="0" subscriptions-action="subscribe" subscriptions-display="true" subscriptions-service="local"> SUBSCRIBE NOW </div></div><span class="hardpaywalldownload"> or read this article by <a role="button" tabindex="0" subscriptions-action="iosUrl" subscriptions-display="true">Downloading The Hindu News app</a></span><div class="paywallblockcontentlogin" subscriptions-actions subscriptions-display="NOT data.loggedIn" subscriptions-service="local"><div role="button" tabindex="0" subscriptions-display="true" subscriptions-action="login" subscriptions-service="local" class="login-link"> Log in </div> If you're already a subscriber </div></div></div></div><div id="pianomodalpaywallblockshowBanner" class="piano-modal-paywallblock piano-modal-paywallblock-nobg showBanner scroll bottomfixed" subscriptions-actions subscriptions-display="data.p.showBanner AND granted" subscriptions-service="local"><button on="tap:pianomodalpaywallblockshowBanner.hide"> X </button><div class="paywallblockcontent" id="paywallblockcontentshowBanner"> The Hindu operates by its editorial values to provide you quality journalism. <div class="paywallblockcontent__footer" align="center"><div class="paywallblockcontent__btntext"><div class="unlocktext"> Support our reporting. </div><div class="paywallblockcontent__btn" role="button" tabindex="0" subscriptions-display="true" subscriptions-action="subscribe" subscriptions-service="local"> SUBSCRIBE NOW </div></div></div></div></div><template type="amp-mustache" subscriptions-dialog subscriptions-display="data.p.showPageviewCount AND granted" subscriptions-service="local"><div id="pianomodalpaywallblockshowPageviewCount" class="piano-modal-paywallblock showBanner bottomfixed showPageviewCount"><button on="tap:pianomodalpaywallblockshowPageviewCount.hide"> X </button><div class="paywallblockcontent fullopacity"> You have read <span class="meterviews">{{data.cm.views}}</span> out of <span class="metertotal">{{data.cm.maxViews}}</span> free articles. <div class="paywallblockcontent__footer" align="center"><div class="paywallblockcontent__btntext"><div class="unlocktext"> Read unlimited articles. </div><div class="paywallblockcontent__btn" role="button" tabindex="0" subscriptions-display="true" subscriptions-action="subscribe" subscriptions-service="local"> SUBSCRIBE NOW </div></div></div></div></div></template><div id="pianomodalpaywallblockshowPageviewLast" class="piano-modal-paywallblock-nobg piano-modal-paywallblock scroll showPageviewLast bottomfixed" subscriptions-actions subscriptions-display="data.c.showPageviewLast AND granted" subscriptions-service="local"><button on="tap:pianomodalpaywallblockshowPageviewLast.hide"> X </button><div class="paywallblockcontent fullopacity"> This is your last free article. <div class="paywallblockcontent__footer" align="center"><div class="paywallblockcontent__btntext1"><div class="unlocktext"> to read unlimited content from The Hindu </div><div class="paywallblockcontent__btn" role="button" tabindex="0" subscriptions-display="true" subscriptions-action="subscribe" subscriptions-service="local"> SUBSCRIBE NOW </div></div></div></div></div><div id="piano-modal-paywallblock-nobg" class="piano-modal-paywallblock-nobg piano-modal-paywallblock scroll bottomfixed" subscriptions-actions subscriptions-display="data.p.showAndroidDownload AND granted" subscriptions-service="local"><div class="paywallblockcontent__footer" align="center"><div class="paywallblockcontent__btntext"><div class="appdwload"> Get The Hindu News App on </div><div class="paywallblockcontent_Img" role="button" tabindex="0" subscriptions-display="true" subscriptions-action="androidUrl" subscriptions-service="local"><amp-img alt="Get The Hindu News App " src="/web/20230128013009im_/https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/android.png" width="106" height="30" layout="fixed"></amp-img></div></div></div></div><div id="piano-modal-paywallblock-nobg" class="piano-modal-paywallblock-nobg piano-modal-paywallblock scroll bottomfixed" subscriptions-actions subscriptions-display="data.p.showiOSDownload AND granted" subscriptions-service="local"><div class="paywallblockcontent__footer" align="center"><div class="paywallblockcontent__btntext"><div class="appdwload"> Get The Hindu News App on </div><div class="paywallblockcontent_Img" role="button" tabindex="0" subscriptions-display="true" subscriptions-action="iosUrl" subscriptions-service="local"><amp-img alt="Get The Hindu News App " src="/web/20230128013009im_/https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/ios.png" width="106" height="30" layout="fixed"></amp-img></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></section><section class="mt-4"><div class="container article-section"><center subscriptions-actions subscriptions-display="(NOT grantReason = 'SUBSCRIBER') OR (data.p.showPayWall AND NOT granted)"><amp-sticky-ad layout="nodisplay"><amp-ad width="320" height="50" type="doubleclick" data-slot="/22390678/Hindu_AMP_Sticky" data-multi-size="320x50" rtc-config="{ &quot;vendors&quot;: { &quot;openwrap&quot;: { &quot;PROFILE_ID&quot; : &quot;2561&quot;, &quot;PUB_ID&quot; : &quot;159088&quot; }, &quot;aps&quot;: {&quot;PUB_ID&quot;: &quot;600&quot;, &quot;PUB_UUID&quot;: &quot;393a121e-26bf-4c86-adda-154909cc8e5d&quot;, &quot;PARAMS&quot;:{&quot;amp&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}}, &quot;urls&quot;: [&quot;https://us-east-pbs.automatad.com/openrtb2/amp?tag_id=EwrTRc_Hindu_AMP_Sticky&quot;,&quot;https://bid.atmtd.com/request?placement_id=znUaWC&amp;site_id=rfJE8v&amp;viewablity=BKG_STATE&amp;w=ATTR(width)&amp;h=ATTR(height)&amp;ow=ATTR(data-override-width)&amp;oh=ATTR(data-override-height)&amp;ms=ATTR(data-multi-size)&amp;slot=ATTR(data-slot)&amp;curl=CANONICAL_URL&amp;timeout=TIMEOUT&amp;purl=HREF&amp;cur=USD&amp;pos=footer&quot;]}, &quot;timeoutMillis&quot;: 1000}" data-enable-refresh="30"></amp-ad></amp-sticky-ad></center><amp-embed width="100" height="100" type="taboola" layout="responsive" heights="(min-width:1145px) 56%, (min-width:481px) 65%, 87%" data-publisher="thehindu-hindunews-amp" data-mode="alternating-thumbs-feed-01" data-placement="Below Article Thumbnails AMP" data-target_type="mix" data-article="auto" data-url="" subscriptions-actions subscriptions-display="granted AND NOT grantReason = 'SUBSCRIBER'"></amp-embed><div class="height292"><div class="advt-wrapper"><center subscriptions-actions subscriptions-display="granted AND NOT grantReason = 'SUBSCRIBER'"><p class="advt-label">ADVERTISEMENT</p><amp-ad width="300" height="250" type="doubleclick" data-slot="/22390678/Hindu_AMP_Bottom" data-multi-size="300x250,336x280" data-multi-size-validation="false" data-loading-strategy="2" data-lazy-fetch="true" rtc-config="{ &quot;vendors&quot;: { &quot;openwrap&quot;: { &quot;PROFILE_ID&quot; : &quot;2561&quot;, &quot;PUB_ID&quot; : &quot;159088&quot; }, &quot;aps&quot;: {&quot;PUB_ID&quot;: &quot;600&quot;, &quot;PUB_UUID&quot;: &quot;393a121e-26bf-4c86-adda-154909cc8e5d&quot;, &quot;PARAMS&quot;:{&quot;amp&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}}, &quot;urls&quot;: [&quot;https://us-east-pbs.automatad.com/openrtb2/amp?tag_id=EwrTRc_Hindu_AMP_Bottom&quot;,&quot;https://bid.atmtd.com/request?placement_id=TN04wc&amp;site_id=rfJE8v&amp;viewablity=BKG_STATE&amp;w=ATTR(width)&amp;h=ATTR(height)&amp;ow=ATTR(data-override-width)&amp;oh=ATTR(data-override-height)&amp;ms=ATTR(data-multi-size)&amp;slot=ATTR(data-slot)&amp;curl=CANONICAL_URL&amp;timeout=TIMEOUT&amp;purl=HREF&amp;cur=USD&amp;pos=eoa&quot;]}, &quot;timeoutMillis&quot;: 1000}" data-enable-refresh="30"></amp-ad></center></div></div></div></section><footer class="footer " subscriptions-actions subscriptions-display="granted" subscriptions-service="local"><div class="container"><div class="row footer-logo"><div class="col-xl-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12 col-12"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/" class=""><amp-img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009im_/https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/thehindu-logo.svg" class="img-fluid mobile-logo" width="270" height="25"></amp-img></a></div></div><div class="row footer-menu"><div class="col-xl-2 col-md-2 col-sm-3 col-xs-12 col-12"><ul class="footer-list"><li class="title"><h5 class=""><span class="footer-arrow">The Hindu</span></h5><ul class="footer-sub-list"> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/aboutus/"> About Us </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/values/"> Code of Editorial Values </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/archive/"> News Archive </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/sitemap/"> Sitemap </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/http://www.thehindugroup.in/subscribe/"> Print Subscription </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/subscription/?utm_source=footer&amp;utm_medium=section&amp;utm_caign=website"> Digital Subscription </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/newsletter-subscription/"> Subscribe to Newsletters </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/rssfeeds/"> Rss Feeds </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/readers-editor-terms/"> Readers Editor-Terms of Reference </a> </li> </ul></li><li class="title mt-4"><h5 class="no-border"><span class="footer-arrow">Contact us</span></h5><ul class="footer-sub-list"> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/contacts/"> Contact Us </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/social/"> Social Media </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/advertise-with-us/"> Advertise With Us </a> </li> </ul></li></ul></div><div class="col-xl-2 col-md-2 col-sm-3 col-xs-12 col-12"><ul class="footer-list"><li class="title"><h5 class=""><span class="footer-arrow">Group News Sites</span></h5><ul class="footer-sub-list"> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/"> The Hindu </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://bloncampus.thehindubusinessline.com/" target="_blank"> BL on Campus </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/" target="_blank"> Sportstar </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/" target="_blank"> Business Line </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.hindutamil.in/" target="_blank"> இந்து தமிழ் திசை </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehinducentre.com/" target="_blank"> The Hindu Centre for Politics and Public Policy </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://frontline.thehindu.com/" target="_blank"> Frontline </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://ywc.thehindu.com/" target="_blank"> Young World Club </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://epaper.thehindu.com/?utm_source=Hindu&amp;utm_medium=Menu&amp;utm_campaign=Header" target="_blank"> The Hindu E-Paper </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://epaper.thehindubusinessline.com/login" target="_blank"> BusinessLine E-Paper </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://crossword.thehindu.com/?utm_source=thehindu&amp;utm_medium=mainmenu" target="_blank"> Crossword+ &quot;Free Games&quot; </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/coupons/" target="_blank"> Coupons </a> </li> </ul></li></ul></div><div class="col-xl-2 col-md-2 col-sm-3 col-xs-12 col-12"><ul class="footer-list"><li class="title"><h5 class=""><span class="footer-arrow">Other Products</span></h5><ul class="footer-sub-list"> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://roofandfloor.thehindu.com/?utm_source=thehindu&amp;amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;amp;utm_campaign=Internal-Marketing" target="_blank"> RoofandFloor </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://step.thehindu.com/" target="_blank"> STEP </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://thehinduimages.com/" target="_blank"> Images </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://classifieds.thehindu.com/" target="_blank"> Classifieds - Digital </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/http://www.thehinduclassifieds.in/" target="_blank"> Classifieds - Print </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://publications.thehindugroup.com/bookstore/" target="_blank"> Special Publications </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://publications.thehindugroup.com/bookstore/" target="_blank"> Bookstore </a> </li> </ul></li></ul></div><div class="col-xl-2 col-md-2 col-sm-3 col-xs-12 col-12"><ul class="footer-list"><li class="title"><h5 class=""><span class="footer-arrow">Popular Sections</span></h5><ul class="footer-sub-list"> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/news/"> News </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/"> India </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/"> World </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/"> Opinion </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/"> Editorial </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/business/"> Business </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/sport/"> Sport </a> </li> </ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="row pb-5"><div class="col-xl-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12 col-12"><ul class="link-list"> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/termsofuse/"> Terms of Use </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindugroup.com/privacy.html" target="_blank"> Privacy Policy </a> </li> <li id="teconsent"> </li> </ul><div class="copyrights"><a>Copyright© 2023, THG PUBLISHING PVT LTD. or its affiliated companies. All rights reserved.</a></div></div></div></div></footer><amp-lightbox id="menu" layout="nodisplay" scrollable><div class="dropdown" role=""><div class="row navmenu-container"><div class="col-lg-12 col-md-12"><div class="dropdown-logo "><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/" class="logo"><amp-img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009im_/https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/thehindu-logo.svg" class="img-fluid mobile-logo" width="195" height="41"></amp-img></a><!-- menu icon --><div class="menu-btn" role="button" on="tap:menu.close" tabindex="0"><amp-img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009im_/https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/menu-close-icon.svg" class="menu-hamber" width="21" height="14"></amp-img></div></div><div class="btns"><p class="btn-title" subscriptions-actions subscriptions-display="NOT data.c.premiumuser" subscriptions-service="local">To enjoy additional benefits</p><p class="btn-title" subscriptions-actions subscriptions-display="data.c.premiumuser" subscriptions-service="local">Make most of your subscription</p><button type="button" class="btn btn-premium" role="button" subscriptions-actions tabindex="0" subscriptions-display="data.c.premiumuser" subscriptions-service="local"><amp-img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009im_/https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/h-circle-yellow-new.svg" width="20" height="20"></amp-img> PREMIUM</button><button on="tap:menu.close" role="button" tabindex="0" type="button" class="btn btn-subscribe" role="button" subscriptions-action="subscribe" tabindex="0" subscriptions-display="NOT data.c.premiumuser" subscriptions-service="local">SUBSCRIBE</button><button on="tap:menu.close" role="button" tabindex="0" type="button" class="btn btn-signup" role="button" subscriptions-action="login" tabindex="0" subscriptions-display="NOT data.loggedIn" subscriptions-service="local">LOGIN</button><button type="button" class="btn btn-account" role="button" subscriptions-action="login" tabindex="0" subscriptions-display="data.loggedIn" subscriptions-service="local">ACCOUNT <amp-img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009im_/https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/account-btn-icon-black.svg" width="15" height="15"></amp-img></div><div class="search-box"><div class="search"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/search/"><button class="btn go-to-search">Go to Search Page <amp-img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009im_/https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/more-search.svg" width="15" height="14"></amp-img></button></a></div></div><div class="breaking-menu"><ul class="menu-list"><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/topic/coronavirus/"> Coronavirus <span><amp-img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009im_/https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/graph-arrow-icon.svg" width="15" height="8"></amp-img></span></a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/topic/bharat-jodo-yatra/"> Bharat Jodo Yatra <span><amp-img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009im_/https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/graph-arrow-icon.svg" width="15" height="8"></amp-img></span></a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/topic/russia-ukraine-crisis/"> Russia-Ukraine Crisis <span><amp-img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009im_/https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/graph-arrow-icon.svg" width="15" height="8"></amp-img></span></a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/topic/kerala-state-school-arts-festival/"> Kerala State School Arts Festival <span><amp-img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009im_/https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/graph-arrow-icon.svg" width="15" height="8"></amp-img></span></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="col-lg-12 col-md-12"> <div class="fixed-menu"> <ul class="menu-list"> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/news/"> News </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/business/"> Business </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/sport/"> Sport </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/"> Life &amp; Style </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/society/"> Society </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/"> Technology </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/videos/"> Videos </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/podcast/"> Podcast </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/"> Cities </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/news/states/"> States </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/books/"> Books </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/"> Chennai </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/"> Delhi </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/"> Bengaluru </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/"> Hyderabad </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/"> Movies </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/food/"> Food </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/children/"> Children </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/data/"> Data </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/"> Kochi </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/"> Science </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/brandhub/"> Brandhub </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/coupons/" target="_blank"> Coupons </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/education/"> Education </a> </li> </ul> </div><div class="col-lg-12 col-md-12"><div class="header-link"><a class="paper" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://crossword.thehindu.com/?utm_source=thehindu&amp;utm_medium=mainmenu">Crossword+<span class="slider"></span></a><a class="newsletter" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.thehindu.com/newsletter-subscription/">Subscribe to Newsletters<span class="slider"></span></a></div><p class="connect-us">CONNECT WITH US</p><ul class="social-icons"><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.facebook.com/thehindu" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" title="Facebook"><amp-img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009im_/https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/fb-icon-new.svg" width="35" height="30"></amp-img></a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://twitter.com/The_Hindu" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" title="Twitter"><amp-img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009im_/https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/twitter-icon-new.svg" width="35" height="30"></amp-img></a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.instagram.com/the_hindu/?ref=badge" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" title="Instagram"><amp-img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009im_/https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/insta-icon-new.svg" width="35" height="30"></amp-img></a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.linkedin.com/school/the-hindu/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" title="Linkedin"><amp-img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009im_/https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/in-icon-new.svg" width="35" height="30"></amp-img></a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://www.youtube.com/user/The1878Hindu" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" title="Youtube"><amp-img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009im_/https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/youtube-icon-new.svg" width="35" height="30"></amp-img></a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://open.spotify.com/show/5yESTCj0iikA81EP3uXkQC" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" title="Spotify"><amp-img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009im_/https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/spotify-icon.svg" width="35" height="30"></amp-img></a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009/https://t.me/THnewsupdates" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" title="Telegram"><amp-img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128013009im_/https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/telegram-icon.svg" width="35" height="30"></amp-img></a></li></ul></div></div></div><!-- main menu --></amp-lightbox><amp-animation id="showdialog" layout="nodisplay"><script type="application/json"> { "fill": "both", "direction": "normal", "animations": [ { "selector": ".bottomfixed", "delay": 0, "direction": "alternate", "keyframes": {"transform": "translateY(0)"} } ] } </script></amp-animation></body></html><!-- FILE ARCHIVED ON 01:30:09 Jan 28, 2023 AND RETRIEVED FROM THE INTERNET ARCHIVE ON 17:37:20 Feb 17, 2025. JAVASCRIPT APPENDED BY WAYBACK MACHINE, COPYRIGHT INTERNET ARCHIVE. ALL OTHER CONTENT MAY ALSO BE PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT (17 U.S.C. SECTION 108(a)(3)). --> <!-- playback timings (ms): captures_list: 0.487 exclusion.robots: 0.023 exclusion.robots.policy: 0.014 esindex: 0.01 cdx.remote: 16.99 LoadShardBlock: 288.514 (3) PetaboxLoader3.datanode: 486.424 (4) PetaboxLoader3.resolve: 565.472 (2) load_resource: 793.669 -->

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10