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subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Vocal_range_and_voice_classification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Operatic_six_basic_voice_types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operatic_six_basic_voice_types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Operatic six basic voice types</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operatic_six_basic_voice_types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stemomvang" title="Stemomvang – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Stemomvang" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%89_%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%8A" title="مدى صوتي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مدى صوتي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Вокален диапазон – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Вокален диапазон" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stemmeleje" title="Stemmeleje – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Stemmeleje" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84" title="گستره صوتی وکال – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گستره صوتی وکال" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voix_(musique_classique)" title="Voix (musique classique) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Voix (musique classique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%B1%EC%95%85_%EC%9D%8C%EC%97%AD" title="성악 음역 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="성악 음역" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estensione_vocale" title="Estensione vocale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Estensione vocale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zangsjtum" title="Zangsjtum – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Zangsjtum" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zangstem" title="Zangstem – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zangstem" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extens%C3%A3o_vocal" title="Extensão vocal – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Extensão vocal" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocal_range" title="Vocal range – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Vocal range" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%95%D9%86%DA%AF" title="پانتاییی دەنگ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پانتاییی دەنگ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vokal_aral%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Vokal aralığı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Vokal aralığı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%82m_v%E1%BB%B1c" title="Âm vực – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Âm vực" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Measure of the breadth of pitches that a human voice can phonate</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about voice categories in classical music. For non-classical music, see <a href="/wiki/Voice_classification_in_non-classical_music" title="Voice classification in non-classical music">Voice classification in non-classical music</a>. For a more technical treatment of the human voice, see <a href="/wiki/Voice_frequency" title="Voice frequency">Voice frequency</a>.</div> <p><b>Vocal range</b> is the range of <a href="/wiki/Pitch_(music)" title="Pitch (music)">pitches</a> that a <a href="/wiki/Human_voice" title="Human voice">human voice</a> can <a href="/wiki/Phonation" title="Phonation">phonate</a>. A common application is within the context of <a href="/wiki/Singing" title="Singing">singing</a>, where it is used as a defining characteristic for classifying singing voices into <a href="/wiki/Voice_type" title="Voice type">voice types</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-McKinney_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McKinney-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also a topic of study within <a href="/wiki/Linguistics" title="Linguistics">linguistics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phonetics" title="Phonetics">phonetics</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Speech-language_pathology" class="mw-redirect" title="Speech-language pathology">speech-language pathology</a>, particularly in relation to the study of <a href="/wiki/Tonal_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tonal language">tonal languages</a> and certain types of vocal disorders, although it has little practical application in terms of speech. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Singing_and_the_definition_of_vocal_range">Singing and the definition of vocal range</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vocal_range&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Singing and the definition of vocal range"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While the broadest definition of "vocal range" is simply the span from the lowest to the highest note a particular voice can produce, this broad definition is often not what is meant when "vocal range" is discussed in the context of singing. <a href="/wiki/Vocal_pedagogy" title="Vocal pedagogy">Vocal pedagogists</a> tend to define the vocal range as the total span of "musically useful" pitches that a singer can produce. This is because some of the <a href="/wiki/Musical_note" title="Musical note">notes</a> a voice can produce may not be considered usable by the singer within performance for various reasons.<sup id="cite_ref-Appelman_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Appelman-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, within <a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">opera</a> all singers must <a href="/wiki/Voice_projection" title="Voice projection">project</a> over an orchestra without the aid of a microphone. An opera singer would therefore only be able to include the notes that they are able to adequately project over an orchestra within their vocal range. In contrast, a <a href="/wiki/Popular_music" title="Popular music">pop</a> artist could include notes that could be heard with the aid of a microphone. </p><p>Another factor to consider is the use of different forms of vocal production. The human voice is capable of producing sounds using different physiological processes within the <a href="/wiki/Larynx" title="Larynx">larynx</a>. These different forms of voice production are known as <a href="/wiki/Vocal_register" title="Vocal register">vocal registers</a>. While the exact number and definition of vocal registers is a controversial topic within the field of singing, the sciences identify only four registers: the <a href="/wiki/Whistle_register" title="Whistle register">whistle register</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Falsetto" title="Falsetto">falsetto register</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Modal_voice" title="Modal voice">modal register</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Vocal_fry_register" title="Vocal fry register">vocal fry register</a>. Typically only the usable pitches within the modal register—the register used in normal speech and most singing—are included when determining singers' vocal ranges. There are exceptions,<sup id="cite_ref-McKinney_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McKinney-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as in opera, where <a href="/wiki/Countertenor" title="Countertenor">countertenors</a> employ falsetto and <a href="/wiki/Coloratura_soprano" title="Coloratura soprano">coloratura sopranos</a> use the whistle register; notes from these registers would therefore be included in the vocal ranges of these voices.<sup id="cite_ref-Appelman_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Appelman-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evolution_of_sexual_dimorphism_in_human_voice_pitch">Evolution of sexual dimorphism in human voice pitch</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vocal_range&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Evolution of sexual dimorphism in human voice pitch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The upper pitch range of the human voice is, on average, about half as high in males as in females.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even after controlling for body height and volume, the male voice remains lower. <a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a> suggested that the human voice evolved through intersexual sexual selection,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> via female mate choices. Puts (2005) showed that preference for male voice pitch changed according to the stage of the menstrual cycle<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while Puts (2006) found women preferred lower male voices mainly for short-term, sexual relationships.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Intrasexual selection, via male competition, also causes a selection in voice pitch. Pitch is related to interpersonal power<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and males tend to adjust their pitch according to their perceived dominance when speaking to a competitor.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vocal_range_and_voice_classification">Vocal range and voice classification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vocal_range&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Vocal range and voice classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vocal range plays such an important role in classifying singing voices into <a href="/wiki/Voice_type" title="Voice type">voice types</a> that sometimes the two terms are confused with one another. A voice type is a particular kind of human singing voice perceived as having certain identifying qualities or characteristics; vocal range being only one of those characteristics. Other factors are <a href="/wiki/Vocal_weight" title="Vocal weight">vocal weight</a>, vocal <a href="/wiki/Tessitura" title="Tessitura">tessitura</a>, vocal <a href="/wiki/Timbre" title="Timbre">timbre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Passaggio" title="Passaggio">vocal transition points</a>, physical characteristics, speech level, scientific testing, and vocal registration. All of these factors combined are used to categorize a singer's voice into a particular kind of singing use or voice type.<sup id="cite_ref-Shewan_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shewan-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The discipline of voice classification developed within European <a href="/wiki/Classical_music" title="Classical music">classical music</a> and is not generally applicable to other forms of singing. Voice classification is often used within <a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">opera</a> to associate possible roles with potential voices. There are several systems in use including the <a href="/wiki/Fach" title="Fach">German Fach system</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Italian_opera" title="Italian opera">Italian opera</a> tradition, and <a href="/wiki/French_opera" title="French opera">French opera</a> tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-McKinney_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McKinney-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are other systems of classification as well, most commonly the <a href="/wiki/Choral_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Choral music">choral music</a> system.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>No system is universally applied or accepted.<sup id="cite_ref-Stark_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stark-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the voice types identified by such systems, however, are sub-types that fall under seven different major voice categories that are for the most part acknowledged across all of the major voice classification systems.<sup id="cite_ref-Stark_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stark-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Women are typically divided into three main groups: <a href="/wiki/Soprano" title="Soprano">soprano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mezzo-soprano" title="Mezzo-soprano">mezzo-soprano</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Contralto" title="Contralto">contralto</a>. Men are usually divided into four main groups: <a href="/wiki/Countertenor" title="Countertenor">countertenor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tenor" title="Tenor">tenor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baritone" title="Baritone">baritone</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bass_(voice_type)" title="Bass (voice type)">bass</a>. When considering the pre-pubescent voices of children an eighth term, <a href="/wiki/Boy_soprano" title="Boy soprano">treble</a>, can be applied. Within each of these major categories there are several sub-categories that identify specific vocal qualities like <a href="/wiki/Coloratura" title="Coloratura">coloratura</a> facility and <a href="/wiki/Vocal_weight" title="Vocal weight">vocal weight</a> to differentiate between voices.<sup id="cite_ref-McKinney_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McKinney-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vocal range itself does not determine a singer's voice type. While each voice type does have a general vocal range associated with it, human singing voices may possess vocal ranges that encompass more than one voice type or are in between the typical ranges of two voice types. Therefore, voice teachers use vocal range as only one factor among many in classifying a singer's voice.<sup id="cite_ref-Appelman_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Appelman-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More important than range in voice classification is <a href="/wiki/Tessitura" title="Tessitura">tessitura</a>, or where the voice is most comfortable singing, and vocal timbre, or the characteristic sound of the singing voice.<sup id="cite_ref-McKinney_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McKinney-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, a female singer may have a vocal range that encompasses the low notes of a mezzo-soprano and the high notes of a soprano. A voice teacher would therefore look to see whether the singer was more comfortable singing higher, or lower. If she were more comfortable singing higher, then the teacher would probably classify her as a soprano. If the singer were more comfortable singing in the mid to lower part of their voice the teacher would probably classify her as a mezzo-soprano. The teacher would also consider the sound of the voice; sopranos tend to have a lighter and less rich vocal sound than a mezzo-soprano. A voice teacher, however, would never classify a singer in more than one voice type, regardless of the size of the vocal range of the singer.<sup id="cite_ref-Appelman_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Appelman-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Operatic_six_basic_voice_types">Operatic six basic voice types</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vocal_range&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Operatic six basic voice types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Within the operatic systems of classification, there are six basic voice types. The ranges given below are approximations and are not meant to be too rigidly applied.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="Can't find any mention of six voice types there. (November 2020)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soprano" title="Soprano">Soprano</a>: the highest female voice typically between C<sub>4</sub> and C<sub>6</sub></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezzo-soprano" title="Mezzo-soprano">Mezzo-soprano</a>: the middle female voice typically between A<sub>3</sub> and A<sub>5</sub></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contralto" title="Contralto">Contralto</a>: the lowest female voice typically between F<sub>3</sub> and F<sub>5</sub></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenor" title="Tenor">Tenor</a>: the highest male voice typically between C<sub>3</sub> and C<sub>5</sub></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baritone" title="Baritone">Baritone</a>: the middle male voice typically between A<sub>2</sub> and A<sub>4</sub></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bass_(voice_type)" title="Bass (voice type)">Bass</a>: the lowest male voice typically between E<sub>2</sub> and E<sub>4</sub></li></ul> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2" width="30px"><a href="/wiki/Scientific_pitch_notation" title="Scientific pitch notation">Scientific pitch</a> name </th> <th rowspan="2" width="30px"><a href="/wiki/Piano_key_frequencies" title="Piano key frequencies">Frequency</a> (<a href="/wiki/A440_(pitch_standard)" title="A440 (pitch standard)">A440</a>) </th> <th colspan="6">Voice type's range </th></tr> <tr> <th width="5%" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header" style=""><div style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1221560606">@supports(writing-mode:vertical-rl){.mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-header{line-height:1;max-width:1em;padding:0.4em;vertical-align:bottom;width:1em}html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sortable:not(.jquery-tablesorter) .ts-vertical-header:not(.unsortable),html.client-js .mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-header.headerSort{background-position:50%.4em;padding-right:0.4em;padding-top:21px}.mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-header.is-valign-top{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-header.is-valign-middle{vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-header.is-normal{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-header>*{display:inline-block;transform:rotate(180deg);writing-mode:vertical-rl}@supports(writing-mode:sideways-lr){.mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-header>*{transform:none;writing-mode:sideways-lr}}}</style>Soprano</div> </th> <th width="6%" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">Mezzo-soprano</div> </th> <th width="7%" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">Contralto</div> </th> <th width="7%" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">Tenor</div> </th> <th width="9%" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">Baritone</div> </th> <th width="5%" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">Bass</div> </th></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">C<sub>6</sub> <a href="/wiki/Soprano_C" class="mw-redirect" title="Soprano C">Soprano C</a> (High C) </td> <td>1046.502 </td> <td rowspan="25" style="background:#9EFF9E; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/13px-Green_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/20px-Green_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/26px-Green_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">B<sub>5</sub> </td> <td>987.7666 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="black" style="color:white">A<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span><sub>5</sub>/B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span><sub>5</sub> </td> <td>932.3275 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">A<sub>5</sub> </td> <td><b>880.0000</b> </td> <td rowspan="25" style="background:#9EFF9E; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/13px-Green_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/20px-Green_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/26px-Green_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="black" style="color:white">G<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span><sub>5</sub>/A<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span><sub>5</sub> </td> <td>830.6094 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">G<sub>5</sub> </td> <td>783.9909 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="black" style="color:white">F<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span><sub>5</sub>/G<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span><sub>5</sub> </td> <td>739.9888 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">F<sub>5</sub> </td> <td>698.4565 </td> <td rowspan="25" style="background:#9EFF9E; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/13px-Green_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/20px-Green_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/26px-Green_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">E<sub>5</sub> </td> <td>659.2551 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="black" style="color:white">D<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span><sub>5</sub>/E<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span><sub>5</sub> </td> <td>622.2540 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">D<sub>5</sub> </td> <td>587.3295 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="black" style="color:white">C<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span><sub>5</sub>/D<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span><sub>5</sub> </td> <td>554.3653 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">C<sub>5</sub> <a href="/wiki/Tenor_C" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenor C">Tenor C</a> </td> <td>523.2511 </td> <td rowspan="25" style="background:#9EFF9E; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/13px-Green_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/20px-Green_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/26px-Green_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">B<sub>4</sub> </td> <td>493.8833 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="black" style="color:white">A<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span><sub>4</sub>/B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span><sub>4</sub> </td> <td>466.1638 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">A<sub>4</sub> <a href="/wiki/A440_(pitch_standard)" title="A440 (pitch standard)"> A440</a> </td> <td><b>440.0000</b> </td> <td rowspan="25" style="background:#9EFF9E; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/13px-Green_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/20px-Green_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/26px-Green_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="black" style="color:white">G<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span><sub>4</sub>/A<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span><sub>4</sub> </td> <td>415.3047 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">G<sub>4</sub> </td> <td>391.9954 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="black" style="color:white">F<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span><sub>4</sub>/G<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span><sub>4</sub> </td> <td>369.9944 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">F<sub>4</sub> </td> <td>349.2282 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">E<sub>4</sub> </td> <td>329.6276 </td> <td rowspan="25" style="background:#9EFF9E; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/13px-Green_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/20px-Green_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/26px-Green_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="black" style="color:white">D<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span><sub>4</sub>/E<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span><sub>4</sub> </td> <td>311.1270 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">D<sub>4</sub> </td> <td>293.6648 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="black" style="color:white">C<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span><sub>4</sub>/D<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span><sub>4</sub> </td> <td>277.1826 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">C<sub>4</sub> <a href="/wiki/C_(musical_note)#Middle_C" title="C (musical note)">Middle C</a> </td> <td>261.6256 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">B<sub>3</sub> </td> <td>246.9417 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="black" style="color:white">A<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span><sub>3</sub>/B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span><sub>3</sub> </td> <td>233.0819 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">A<sub>3</sub> </td> <td><b>220.0000</b> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="black" style="color:white">G<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span><sub>3</sub>/A<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span><sub>3</sub> </td> <td>207.6523 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">G<sub>3</sub> </td> <td>195.9977 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="black" style="color:white">F<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span><sub>3</sub>/G<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span><sub>3</sub> </td> <td>184.9972 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">F<sub>3</sub> </td> <td>174.6141 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">E<sub>3</sub> </td> <td>164.8138 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="black" style="color:white">D<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span><sub>3</sub>/E<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span><sub>3</sub> </td> <td>155.5635 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">D<sub>3</sub> </td> <td>146.8324 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="black" style="color:white">C<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span><sub>3</sub>/D<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span><sub>3</sub> </td> <td>138.5913 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">C<sub>3</sub> </td> <td>130.8128 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">B<sub>2</sub> </td> <td>123.4708 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="black" style="color:white">A<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span><sub>2</sub>/B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span><sub>2</sub> </td> <td>116.5409 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">A<sub>2</sub> </td> <td><b>110.0000</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="black" style="color:white">G<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span><sub>2</sub>/A<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span><sub>2</sub> </td> <td>103.8262 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">G<sub>2</sub> </td> <td>97.99886 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="black" style="color:white">F<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span><sub>2</sub>/G<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span><sub>2</sub> </td> <td>92.49861 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">F<sub>2</sub> </td> <td>87.30706 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">E<sub>2</sub> </td> <td>82.40689 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="black" style="color:white">D<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span><sub>2</sub>/E<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span><sub>2</sub> </td> <td>77.78175 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">D<sub>2</sub> </td> <td>73.41619 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="black" style="color:white">C<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span><sub>2</sub>/D<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span><sub>2</sub> </td> <td>69.29566 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">C<sub>2</sub> <a href="/wiki/Deep_C" class="mw-redirect" title="Deep C">Deep C</a> </td> <td>65.40639 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Some men, in <a href="/wiki/Falsetto" title="Falsetto">falsetto</a> voice or as a result of certain rare physiological conditions, can sing in the same range as women. These do not fall into the female categories, instead called <a href="/wiki/Countertenor" title="Countertenor"><i>countertenors</i></a> within classical music. Within contemporary music, however, the use of the term <i>tenor</i> for these male voices would be more appropriate.<sup id="cite_ref-Appelman_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Appelman-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Within choral music there are only four categories for adult singers: soprano and <a href="/wiki/Alto" title="Alto">alto</a> for women, tenor and bass for men.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the UK, the term "male alto" refers to a man who uses <a href="/wiki/Falsetto" title="Falsetto">falsetto</a> vocal production to sing in the alto section of a chorus. This practice is much less common outside the UK where the term <a href="/wiki/Countertenor" title="Countertenor">countertenor</a> is more often applied. Countertenors are also widely employed within <a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">opera</a> as solo vocalists, though the term "male alto" is never used to refer to a solo vocalist. </p><p>Children's voices, both male and female, are described as <i>trebles</i>, although <a href="/wiki/Boy_soprano" title="Boy soprano">boy soprano</a> is widely used as well.<sup id="cite_ref-McKinney_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McKinney-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vocal_range&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambitus_(music)" title="Ambitus (music)">Ambitus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_classification_in_non-classical_music" title="Voice classification in non-classical music">Voice classification in non-classical music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_pitch_notation" title="Scientific pitch notation">Scientific pitch notation</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vocal_range&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-McKinney-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McKinney_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McKinney_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McKinney_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McKinney_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McKinney_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McKinney_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMcKinney1994" class="citation book cs1">McKinney, James (1994). <i>The Diagnosis and Correction of Vocal Faults</i>. Genovex Music Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56593-940-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56593-940-0"><bdi>978-1-56593-940-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Diagnosis+and+Correction+of+Vocal+Faults&rft.pub=Genovex+Music+Group&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-1-56593-940-0&rft.aulast=McKinney&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVocal+range" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Appelman-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Appelman_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Appelman_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Appelman_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Appelman_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Appelman_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAppelman1986" class="citation book cs1">Appelman, D. 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"Mating context and menstrual phase affect female preferences for male voice pitch". <i>Evolution and Human Behavior</i>. <b>26</b> (5): 388–397. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.evolhumbehav.2005.03.001">10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2005.03.001</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Evolution+and+Human+Behavior&rft.atitle=Mating+context+and+menstrual+phase+affect+female+preferences+for+male+voice+pitch&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=388-397&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.evolhumbehav.2005.03.001&rft.aulast=Puts&rft.aufirst=D.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVocal+range" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPutsGaulinVerdolini2006" class="citation journal cs1">Puts, David Andrew; Gaulin, Steven J.C; Verdolini, Katherine (2006). 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"Voice pitch and amplitude convergence as a metric of quality in dyadic interviews". <i>Language and Communication</i>. <b>13</b> (3): 195–217. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0271-5309%2893%2990026-j">10.1016/0271-5309(93)90026-j</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Language+and+Communication&rft.atitle=Voice+pitch+and+amplitude+convergence+as+a+metric+of+quality+in+dyadic+interviews&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=195-217&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0271-5309%2893%2990026-j&rft.aulast=Gregory&rft.aufirst=S.&rft.au=Webster%2C+S.&rft.au=Huang%2C+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVocal+range" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shewan-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Shewan_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShewan1979" class="citation journal cs1">Shewan, Robert (January–February 1979). "Voice Classification: An Examination of Methodology". <i><a href="/wiki/The_NATS_Bulletin" class="mw-redirect" title="The NATS Bulletin">The NATS Bulletin</a></i>. <b>35</b>: 17–27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+NATS+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Voice+Classification%3A+An+Examination+of+Methodology&rft.volume=35&rft.pages=17-27&rft.date=1979-01%2F1979-02&rft.aulast=Shewan&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVocal+range" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmithSataloff2013" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Brenda Jo; Sataloff, Robert Thayer (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0c21CwAAQBAJ&q=Choral+Pedagogy,+Third+Edition"><i>Choral Pedagogy, Third Edition</i></a>. Plural Publishing, Incorporated. p. 236. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781597566063" title="Special:BookSources/9781597566063"><bdi>9781597566063</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Choral+Pedagogy%2C+Third+Edition&rft.pages=236&rft.pub=Plural+Publishing%2C+Incorporated&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781597566063&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Brenda+Jo&rft.au=Sataloff%2C+Robert+Thayer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0c21CwAAQBAJ%26q%3DChoral%2BPedagogy%2C%2BThird%2BEdition&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVocal+range" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stark-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stark_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stark_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStark2003" class="citation book cs1">Stark, James (2003). <i>Bel Canto: A History of Vocal Pedagogy</i>. University of Toronto Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-8614-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-8614-3"><bdi>978-0-8020-8614-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bel+Canto%3A+A+History+of+Vocal+Pedagogy&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-8020-8614-3&rft.aulast=Stark&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVocal+range" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeckham2005" class="citation book cs1">Peckham, Anne (2005). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/vocalworkoutsfor0000peck"><i>Vocal Workouts for the Contemporary Singer</i></a></span>. Berklee Press Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87639-047-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87639-047-4"><bdi>978-0-87639-047-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vocal+Workouts+for+the+Contemporary+Singer&rft.pub=Berklee+Press+Publications&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-87639-047-4&rft.aulast=Peckham&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvocalworkoutsfor0000peck&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVocal+range" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (November 2020)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2005" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Brenda (2005). <i>Choral Pedagogy</i>. Plural Publishing, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59756-043-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59756-043-6"><bdi>978-1-59756-043-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Choral+Pedagogy&rft.pub=Plural+Publishing%2C+Inc&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-59756-043-6&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Brenda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVocal+range" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vocal_range&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.medieval.org/emfaq/misc/voices.html">A history of vocal definition</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.singingvoice.net">Singing Voice</a></li> <li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncvs.org/">National Center for Voice and Speech's official website</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.voicefoundation.org/">The Voice Foundation's official website</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mohm987vlos"><span class="plainlinks">Extensive vocal range demonstration</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_Brown_(Brazilian_singer)" title="Georgia Brown (Brazilian singer)">Georgia Brown</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pJW_U0_qhic"><span class="plainlinks">"High voice", performed by Havouzoudi & Salambasi, recorded by Sotirios Rousiakis 2020 in Asvestades, Greece</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a>, retrieved from <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.youtube.com/@VLACHOEAW">[1]</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Musical_range_or_compass_and_register" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Range_(music)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Range (music)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Musical_range_or_compass_and_register" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Range_(music)" title="Range (music)">Musical range or compass</a> and <a href="/wiki/Register_(music)" title="Register (music)">register</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vocal_register" title="Vocal register">Vocal register</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Whistle_register" title="Whistle register">Whistle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falsetto" title="Falsetto">Falsetto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modal_voice" title="Modal voice">Modal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocal_fry_register" title="Vocal fry register">Vocal fry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Voice_type" title="Voice type">Voice type</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boy_soprano" title="Boy soprano">Boy soprano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soprano" title="Soprano">Soprano</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coloratura_soprano" title="Coloratura soprano">Coloratura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soubrette" title="Soubrette">Soubrette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyric_soprano" title="Lyric soprano"> Lyric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinto_soprano" title="Spinto soprano">Spinto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dramatic_soprano" title="Dramatic soprano"> Dramatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soprano_sfogato" title="Soprano sfogato">Soprano sfogato</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezzo-soprano" title="Mezzo-soprano">Mezzo-soprano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contralto" title="Contralto">Contralto</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alto" title="Alto">Alto</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castrato" title="Castrato">Castrato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Countertenor" title="Countertenor">Countertenor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sopranist" title="Sopranist">Sopranist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenor" title="Tenor">Tenor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haute-contre" title="Haute-contre">Haute-contre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenore_contraltino" title="Tenore contraltino">Tenore contraltino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenore_di_grazia" title="Tenore di grazia">Tenore di grazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heldentenor" title="Heldentenor">Heldentenor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baritenor" title="Baritenor">Baritenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baritone" title="Baritone">Baritone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bass-baritone" title="Bass-baritone">Bass-baritone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bass_(voice_type)" title="Bass (voice type)">Bass</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basso_profondo" title="Basso profondo">Basso profondo</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sound</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bass_(sound)" title="Bass (sound)">Bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-bass" title="Sub-bass">Sub-bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treble_(sound)" title="Treble (sound)">Treble</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chest_voice" title="Chest voice">Chest voice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clef" title="Clef">Clef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extension_(music)" title="Extension (music)">Extension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_voice" title="Head voice">Head voice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passaggio" title="Passaggio">Passaggio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedal_tone" title="Pedal tone">Pedal tone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Registration_(organ)" title="Registration (organ)">Organ registration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tessitura" title="Tessitura">Tessitura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timbre" title="Timbre">Timbre</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vocal range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocal_weight" title="Vocal weight">Vocal weight</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Singing" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Singing" title="Template:Singing"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Singing" title="Template talk:Singing"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Singing" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Singing"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Singing" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Singing</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Singing types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_cappella" title="A cappella">A cappella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathroom_singing" title="Bathroom singing">Bathroom singing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_technique" title="Extended technique">Extended technique</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Throat_singing" title="Throat singing">Throat singing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overtone_singing" title="Overtone singing">Overtone singing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oversinging" title="Oversinging">Oversinging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapping" title="Rapping">Rapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scat_singing" title="Scat singing">Scat singing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sign_singing" title="Sign singing">Sign singing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sing-along" title="Sing-along">Sing-along</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karaoke" title="Karaoke">Karaoke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lip_sync" title="Lip sync">Lip sync</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocal_percussion" title="Vocal percussion">Vocal percussion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beatboxing" title="Beatboxing">Beatboxing</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Forms · Genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Choir" title="Choir">Choral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">Opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lied" title="Lied">Lied</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-lexical_vocables_in_music" title="Non-lexical vocables in music">Vocables</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Voice classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Voice_type" title="Voice type">Voice type</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bass_(voice_type)" title="Bass (voice type)">Bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bass-baritone" title="Bass-baritone">Bass-baritone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baritone" title="Baritone">Baritone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baritenor" title="Baritenor">Baritenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenor" title="Tenor">Tenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Countertenor" title="Countertenor">Countertenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contralto" title="Contralto">Contralto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezzo-soprano" title="Mezzo-soprano">Mezzo-soprano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soprano" title="Soprano">Soprano</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fach" title="Fach">Fach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_classification_in_non-classical_music" title="Voice classification in non-classical music">Non-classical music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts · Techniques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backing_vocalist" title="Backing vocalist">Backup vocals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belting_(music)" title="Belting (music)">Belting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coloratura" title="Coloratura">Coloratura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chest_voice" title="Chest voice">Chest voice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crooner" title="Crooner">Crooning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_growl" title="Death growl">Death growl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falsetto" title="Falsetto">Falsetto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_voice" title="Head voice">Head voice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lead_vocalist" title="Lead vocalist">Lead vocals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passaggio" title="Passaggio">Passaggio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quintus_(vocal_music)" title="Quintus (vocal music)">Quintus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapping" title="Rapping">Rapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scat_singing" title="Scat singing">Scat singing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprechgesang" title="Sprechgesang">Sprechgesang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tessitura" title="Tessitura">Tessitura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timbre" title="Timbre">Timbre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocal_pedagogy" title="Vocal pedagogy">Vocal pedagogy</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vocal range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocal_register" title="Vocal register">Vocal register</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocal_resonation" title="Vocal resonation">Vocal resonation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocal_weight" title="Vocal weight">Vocal weight</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sound equipment<br />(popular music)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/In-ear_monitor" title="In-ear monitor">In-ear monitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microphone" title="Microphone">Microphone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitch_correction" title="Pitch correction">Pitch correction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_reinforcement_system" title="Sound reinforcement system">Sound reinforcement system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stage_monitor_system" title="Stage monitor system">Monitor speaker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vocal_music" title="Vocal music">Vocal music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choir" title="Choir">Choir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocal_coach" title="Vocal coach">Vocal coach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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