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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Marketing</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">3,022,954 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Marketing</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Marketing">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_63996583" data-work_id="63996583" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/63996583/Domenic_V_Cicchetti_1937_2019_">Domenic V. Cicchetti (1937–2019)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">The American Association of Wine Economists (AAWE) and the wine economics community were saddened to learn of the passing of Dr. Domenic Cicchetti, on June 30, 2019. He was 82 years old.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/63996583" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="afe4afd93f786d6ee0b450daa02f1220" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":76235862,"asset_id":63996583,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76235862/download_file?st=MTczOTcwNTUwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="108356353" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KarlStorchmann">Karl Storchmann</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="108356353" type="text/json">{"id":108356353,"first_name":"Karl","last_name":"Storchmann","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KarlStorchmann","display_name":"Karl Storchmann","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KarlStorchmann?f_ri=39","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/108356353/25508210/24232115/s65_karl.storchmann.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_63996583 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="63996583"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 63996583, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_63996583", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=63996583]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_63996583").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_63996583").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="63996583"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing">Marketing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="39" type="text/json">{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12544" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wine_Economics">Wine Economics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12544" type="text/json">{"id":12544,"name":"Wine Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wine_Economics?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27659" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Economics">Applied Economics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27659" type="text/json">{"id":27659,"name":"Applied Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Economics?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2674671" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Horticultural_production">Horticultural production</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2674671" type="text/json">{"id":2674671,"name":"Horticultural production","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Horticultural_production?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=63996583]'), work: {"id":63996583,"title":"Domenic V. Cicchetti (1937–2019)","created_at":"2021-12-13T15:44:47.113-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/63996583/Domenic_V_Cicchetti_1937_2019_?f_ri=39","dom_id":"work_63996583","summary":"The American Association of Wine Economists (AAWE) and the wine economics community were saddened to learn of the passing of Dr. Domenic Cicchetti, on June 30, 2019. He was 82 years old.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":76235862,"asset_id":63996583,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":108356353,"first_name":"Karl","last_name":"Storchmann","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KarlStorchmann","display_name":"Karl Storchmann","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KarlStorchmann?f_ri=39","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/108356353/25508210/24232115/s65_karl.storchmann.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":12544,"name":"Wine Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wine_Economics?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":27659,"name":"Applied Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Economics?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":2674671,"name":"Horticultural production","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Horticultural_production?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10879580" data-work_id="10879580" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10879580/The_dark_side_of_friendship_envy_">The dark side of friendship: ‘envy’</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper studies the e¤ect of social relations on the convergence to the e¢ cient equilibrium in a 2x2 coordination game. We employ a 2x2 factorial design in which we explore two di¤erent games with asymmetric payo¤s and two matching... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10879580" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper studies the e¤ect of social relations on the convergence to the e¢ cient equilibrium in a 2x2 coordination game. We employ a 2x2 factorial design in which we explore two di¤erent games with asymmetric payo¤s and two matching protocols: "friends" versus "strangers". In the …rst game payo¤s of the worse o¤ player are the same in the two equilibria, whereas in the second game, this player must sacri…ce her own payo¤ for achieving the e¢ cient equilibrium. Results show that "strangers" coordinate more frequently in the e¢ cient equilibrium than "friends" in both I am very grateful to Pablo Brañas-Garza, Ramón Cobo-Reyes and Giovanni Ponti for their constant support and interest in the project. I would like to thank</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10879580" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="187faaee5c6dc2def4f7b1b1ede5e376" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47055993,"asset_id":10879580,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47055993/download_file?st=MTczOTcwNTUwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="26420489" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NataliaJimenez12">Natalia Jimenez</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="26420489" type="text/json">{"id":26420489,"first_name":"Natalia","last_name":"Jimenez","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NataliaJimenez12","display_name":"Natalia Jimenez","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NataliaJimenez12?f_ri=39","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/26420489/7324092/8237053/s65_natalia.jimenez.jpg_oh_c40918e23fe754fa054d937ff864d4fa_oe_554abcf4___gda___1431237153_a12104d6de1202129226499828745ba2"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10879580 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10879580"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10879580, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10879580", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10879580]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_10879580").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_10879580").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10879580"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing">Marketing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="39" type="text/json">{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="732" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Economics">Experimental Economics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="732" type="text/json">{"id":732,"name":"Experimental Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Economics?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1233" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Networks">Social Networks</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1233" type="text/json">{"id":1233,"name":"Social Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Networks?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27659" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Economics">Applied Economics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="27659" type="text/json">{"id":27659,"name":"Applied Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Economics?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10879580]'), work: {"id":10879580,"title":"The dark side of friendship: ‘envy’","created_at":"2015-02-17T16:10:07.539-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10879580/The_dark_side_of_friendship_envy_?f_ri=39","dom_id":"work_10879580","summary":"This paper studies the e¤ect of social relations on the convergence to the e¢ cient equilibrium in a 2x2 coordination game. We employ a 2x2 factorial design in which we explore two di¤erent games with asymmetric payo¤s and two matching protocols: \"friends\" versus \"strangers\". In the …rst game payo¤s of the worse o¤ player are the same in the two equilibria, whereas in the second game, this player must sacri…ce her own payo¤ for achieving the e¢ cient equilibrium. Results show that \"strangers\" coordinate more frequently in the e¢ cient equilibrium than \"friends\" in both I am very grateful to Pablo Brañas-Garza, Ramón Cobo-Reyes and Giovanni Ponti for their constant support and interest in the project. I would like to thank","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47055993,"asset_id":10879580,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":26420489,"first_name":"Natalia","last_name":"Jimenez","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NataliaJimenez12","display_name":"Natalia Jimenez","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NataliaJimenez12?f_ri=39","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/26420489/7324092/8237053/s65_natalia.jimenez.jpg_oh_c40918e23fe754fa054d937ff864d4fa_oe_554abcf4___gda___1431237153_a12104d6de1202129226499828745ba2"}],"research_interests":[{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":732,"name":"Experimental Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Economics?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":1233,"name":"Social Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Networks?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":27659,"name":"Applied Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Economics?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":107374,"name":"Factorial Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Factorial_Design?f_ri=39"},{"id":219927,"name":"Efficiency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Efficiency?f_ri=39"},{"id":220235,"name":"Coordination Game","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coordination_Game?f_ri=39"},{"id":247345,"name":"Experiments","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experiments?f_ri=39"},{"id":352204,"name":"Social Relation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Relation?f_ri=39"},{"id":1199379,"name":"Social Network","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Network?f_ri=39"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_51011920" data-work_id="51011920" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/51011920/The_Second_Law_of_Thermodynamics_Is_the_First_Law_of_Psychology_Evolutionary_Developmental_Psychology_and_the_Theory_Of_Tandem_Coordinated_Inheritances_Comment_on_Lickliter_and_Honeycutt_2003_">The Second Law of Thermodynamics Is the First Law of Psychology: Evolutionary Developmental Psychology and the Theory Of Tandem, Coordinated Inheritances: Comment on Lickliter and Honeycutt (2003)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Organisms inherit a set of environmental regularities as well as genes, and these two inheritances repeatedly encounter each other across generations. This repetition drives natural selection to coordinate the interplay of stably... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_51011920" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Organisms inherit a set of environmental regularities as well as genes, and these two inheritances repeatedly encounter each other across generations. This repetition drives natural selection to coordinate the interplay of stably replicated genes with stably persisting environmental regularities, so that this web of interactions produces the reliable development of a functionally organized design. Selection is the only known counterweight to the tendency of physical systems to lose rather than grow functional organization. This means that the individually unique and unpredictable factors in the web of developmental interactions are a disordering threat to normal development. Selection built anti-entropic mechanisms into organisms to orchestrate transactions with environments so that they have some chance of being organization-building and reproduction-enhancing rather than disordering. Evolutionary psychology was founded on a new theory of development that encompasses, reformulates, and (we believe) logically reconciles other views such as nativism, environmentalism, interactionism, developmental systems theory, and others. Readers who want to understand what evolutionary psychologists actually think about development need to consult the original sources (see, e.g., Tooby & Cosmides, 1990, 1992) rather than relying on critics' misconceptions. Below, we address several confusions. Deficiencies in Basic Biology Because developmental systems theorists are psychologists rather than a more interdisciplinarily inclusive team, it is not surprising that they also provide questionable characterizations of fields outside of psychology, such as genetics, developmental biology, and evolutionary biology (e.g.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/51011920" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c6f96b546e0a5f45303158e241ea5f7e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68883813,"asset_id":51011920,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68883813/download_file?st=MTczOTcwNTUwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="113336923" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LCosmides">Leda Cosmides</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="113336923" type="text/json">{"id":113336923,"first_name":"Leda","last_name":"Cosmides","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LCosmides","display_name":"Leda Cosmides","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LCosmides?f_ri=39","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_51011920 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="51011920"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 51011920, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_51011920", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=51011920]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_51011920").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_51011920").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="51011920"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing">Marketing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="39" type="text/json">{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="156" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics">Genetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="156" type="text/json">{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=51011920]'), work: {"id":51011920,"title":"The Second Law of Thermodynamics Is the First Law of Psychology: Evolutionary Developmental Psychology and the Theory Of Tandem, Coordinated Inheritances: Comment on Lickliter and Honeycutt (2003)","created_at":"2021-08-25T22:03:47.897-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/51011920/The_Second_Law_of_Thermodynamics_Is_the_First_Law_of_Psychology_Evolutionary_Developmental_Psychology_and_the_Theory_Of_Tandem_Coordinated_Inheritances_Comment_on_Lickliter_and_Honeycutt_2003_?f_ri=39","dom_id":"work_51011920","summary":"Organisms inherit a set of environmental regularities as well as genes, and these two inheritances repeatedly encounter each other across generations. This repetition drives natural selection to coordinate the interplay of stably replicated genes with stably persisting environmental regularities, so that this web of interactions produces the reliable development of a functionally organized design. Selection is the only known counterweight to the tendency of physical systems to lose rather than grow functional organization. This means that the individually unique and unpredictable factors in the web of developmental interactions are a disordering threat to normal development. Selection built anti-entropic mechanisms into organisms to orchestrate transactions with environments so that they have some chance of being organization-building and reproduction-enhancing rather than disordering. Evolutionary psychology was founded on a new theory of development that encompasses, reformulates, and (we believe) logically reconciles other views such as nativism, environmentalism, interactionism, developmental systems theory, and others. Readers who want to understand what evolutionary psychologists actually think about development need to consult the original sources (see, e.g., Tooby \u0026 Cosmides, 1990, 1992) rather than relying on critics' misconceptions. Below, we address several confusions. Deficiencies in Basic Biology Because developmental systems theorists are psychologists rather than a more interdisciplinarily inclusive team, it is not surprising that they also provide questionable characterizations of fields outside of psychology, such as genetics, developmental biology, and evolutionary biology (e.g.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68883813,"asset_id":51011920,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":113336923,"first_name":"Leda","last_name":"Cosmides","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LCosmides","display_name":"Leda Cosmides","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LCosmides?f_ri=39","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":252,"name":"Developmental Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developmental_Psychology?f_ri=39"},{"id":522,"name":"Thermodynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thermodynamics?f_ri=39"},{"id":16113,"name":"Organization Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organization_Design?f_ri=39"},{"id":40422,"name":"Natural Selection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_Selection?f_ri=39"},{"id":191815,"name":"Biological evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_evolution?f_ri=39"},{"id":782316,"name":"Second Law of Thermodynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Second_Law_of_Thermodynamics?f_ri=39"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12495481" data-work_id="12495481" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12495481/Societal_Level_Versus_Individual_Level_Predictions_of_Ethical_Behavior_A_48_Society_Study_of_Collectivism_and_Individualism">Societal-Level Versus Individual-Level Predictions of Ethical Behavior: A 48-Society Study of Collectivism and Individualism</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Is the societal-level of analysis sufficient today to understand the values of those in the global workforce? Or are individual-level analyses more appropriate for assessing the influence of values on ethical behaviors across country... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12495481" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Is the societal-level of analysis sufficient today to understand the values of those in the global workforce? Or are individual-level analyses more appropriate for assessing the influence of values on ethical behaviors across country workforces? Using multi-level analyses for a 48-society sample, we test the utility of both the societal-level and individual-level dimensions of collectivism and individualism values for predicting ethical behaviors of business professionals. Our values-based behavioral analysis indicates that values at the individual-level make a more significant contribution to explaining variance in ethical behaviors than do values at the societal-level.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12495481" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="47942c15fff1730d067e777bd218b524" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46142652,"asset_id":12495481,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46142652/download_file?st=MTczOTcwNTUwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="31352199" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AjanthaDharmasiri">Ajantha Dharmasiri</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="31352199" type="text/json">{"id":31352199,"first_name":"Ajantha","last_name":"Dharmasiri","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AjanthaDharmasiri","display_name":"Ajantha Dharmasiri","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AjanthaDharmasiri?f_ri=39","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/31352199/9239520/10300955/s65_ajantha.dharmasiri.jpg_oh_93cc97174e5e4c3c7650b254dda1df30_oe_55fb6fc0___gda___1438825744_22dd7fec0818b680247b689988bb5111"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12495481 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12495481"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12495481, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12495481", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_12495481 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12495481; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_12495481"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_12495481 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12495481"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12495481; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12495481]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12495481").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12495481").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12495481"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing">Marketing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="39" type="text/json">{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="46" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Ethics">Business Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="46" type="text/json">{"id":46,"name":"Business Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Ethics?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="906" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics">Applied Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="906" type="text/json">{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23534" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Individualism">Individualism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="23534" type="text/json">{"id":23534,"name":"Individualism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Individualism?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12495481]'), work: {"id":12495481,"title":"Societal-Level Versus Individual-Level Predictions of Ethical Behavior: A 48-Society Study of Collectivism and Individualism","created_at":"2015-05-20T14:03:36.811-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12495481/Societal_Level_Versus_Individual_Level_Predictions_of_Ethical_Behavior_A_48_Society_Study_of_Collectivism_and_Individualism?f_ri=39","dom_id":"work_12495481","summary":"Is the societal-level of analysis sufficient today to understand the values of those in the global workforce? Or are individual-level analyses more appropriate for assessing the influence of values on ethical behaviors across country workforces? Using multi-level analyses for a 48-society sample, we test the utility of both the societal-level and individual-level dimensions of collectivism and individualism values for predicting ethical behaviors of business professionals. Our values-based behavioral analysis indicates that values at the individual-level make a more significant contribution to explaining variance in ethical behaviors than do values at the societal-level.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46142652,"asset_id":12495481,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":31352199,"first_name":"Ajantha","last_name":"Dharmasiri","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AjanthaDharmasiri","display_name":"Ajantha Dharmasiri","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AjanthaDharmasiri?f_ri=39","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/31352199/9239520/10300955/s65_ajantha.dharmasiri.jpg_oh_93cc97174e5e4c3c7650b254dda1df30_oe_55fb6fc0___gda___1438825744_22dd7fec0818b680247b689988bb5111"}],"research_interests":[{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":46,"name":"Business Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Ethics?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":23534,"name":"Individualism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Individualism?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":73149,"name":"Business and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management?f_ri=39"},{"id":73185,"name":"Collectivism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Collectivism?f_ri=39"},{"id":96795,"name":"Cross Cultural Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_Cultural_Psychology?f_ri=39"},{"id":97712,"name":"Collectivism \u0026 Individualism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Collectivism_and_Individualism?f_ri=39"},{"id":104369,"name":"Cross cultural management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_cultural_management?f_ri=39"},{"id":121601,"name":"Cross cultural studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_cultural_studies?f_ri=39"},{"id":199717,"name":"Ethical Behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethical_Behaviour?f_ri=39"},{"id":353022,"name":"Schwartz Value System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Schwartz_Value_System?f_ri=39"},{"id":357372,"name":"SVS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/SVS?f_ri=39"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_32309754" data-work_id="32309754" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32309754/Ethical_Climate_Social_Responsibility_and_Earnings_Management">Ethical Climate, Social Responsibility, and Earnings Management</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This study proposes and tests a model of the relations among corporate accountants' perceptions of the ethical climate in their organization, the perceived importance of corporate ethics and social responsibility, and earnings management... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_32309754" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This study proposes and tests a model of the relations among corporate accountants' perceptions of the ethical climate in their organization, the perceived importance of corporate ethics and social responsibility, and earnings management decisions. Based on a field survey of professional accountants employed by private industry in Hong Kong, we found that perceptions of the organizational ethical climate were significantly associated with belief in the importance of corporate ethics and responsibility. Belief in the importance of ethics and social responsibility was also significantly associated with accountants' ethical judgments and behavioral intentions regarding accounting and operating earnings manipulation. These findings suggest that perceptions of ethical climate, usually presumed to reflect the ''tone at the top'' in the organization, lead accounting professionals to rationalize earnings management decisions by adjusting their attitudes toward the importance of corporate ethics and social responsibility. This is the first study to document a relationship between organizational ethical climate and professional accountants' support for corporate ethics and social responsibility, and also the first study to document that industry accountants' views toward corporate ethics and social responsibility are associated with their willingness to manipulate earnings. The findings have important implications, suggesting that organizational efforts to enhance the ethical climate and emphasize the importance of corporate ethics and social responsibility could reduce the prevalence of earnings manipulation.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/32309754" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d8ccab4bb6c58846a9da7376790aacfb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52522871,"asset_id":32309754,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52522871/download_file?st=MTczOTcwNTUwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="42058425" href="https://ln.academia.edu/WilliamShafer">William Shafer</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="42058425" type="text/json">{"id":42058425,"first_name":"William","last_name":"Shafer","domain_name":"ln","page_name":"WilliamShafer","display_name":"William Shafer","profile_url":"https://ln.academia.edu/WilliamShafer?f_ri=39","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_32309754 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="32309754"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32309754, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_32309754", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_32309754 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32309754; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_32309754"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_32309754 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="32309754"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32309754; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32309754]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_32309754").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_32309754").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="32309754"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing">Marketing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="39" type="text/json">{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="46" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Ethics">Business Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="46" type="text/json">{"id":46,"name":"Business Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Ethics?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="906" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics">Applied Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="906" type="text/json">{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73149" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management">Business and Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="73149" type="text/json">{"id":73149,"name":"Business and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=32309754]'), work: {"id":32309754,"title":"Ethical Climate, Social Responsibility, and Earnings Management","created_at":"2017-04-06T21:50:45.033-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/32309754/Ethical_Climate_Social_Responsibility_and_Earnings_Management?f_ri=39","dom_id":"work_32309754","summary":"This study proposes and tests a model of the relations among corporate accountants' perceptions of the ethical climate in their organization, the perceived importance of corporate ethics and social responsibility, and earnings management decisions. Based on a field survey of professional accountants employed by private industry in Hong Kong, we found that perceptions of the organizational ethical climate were significantly associated with belief in the importance of corporate ethics and responsibility. Belief in the importance of ethics and social responsibility was also significantly associated with accountants' ethical judgments and behavioral intentions regarding accounting and operating earnings manipulation. These findings suggest that perceptions of ethical climate, usually presumed to reflect the ''tone at the top'' in the organization, lead accounting professionals to rationalize earnings management decisions by adjusting their attitudes toward the importance of corporate ethics and social responsibility. This is the first study to document a relationship between organizational ethical climate and professional accountants' support for corporate ethics and social responsibility, and also the first study to document that industry accountants' views toward corporate ethics and social responsibility are associated with their willingness to manipulate earnings. The findings have important implications, suggesting that organizational efforts to enhance the ethical climate and emphasize the importance of corporate ethics and social responsibility could reduce the prevalence of earnings manipulation.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52522871,"asset_id":32309754,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":42058425,"first_name":"William","last_name":"Shafer","domain_name":"ln","page_name":"WilliamShafer","display_name":"William Shafer","profile_url":"https://ln.academia.edu/WilliamShafer?f_ri=39","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":46,"name":"Business Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Ethics?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":73149,"name":"Business and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_72091649" data-work_id="72091649" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/72091649/Country_location_choices_of_service_multinationals_An_empirical_study_of_the_international_hotel_sector">Country location choices of service multinationals:: An empirical study of the international hotel sector</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">T his article examines international country location choices for equity investment undertaken by global hotel chains. Why do certain host countries attract more hotel investment than others? A second underlying issue that we tackle in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_72091649" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">T his article examines international country location choices for equity investment undertaken by global hotel chains. Why do certain host countries attract more hotel investment than others? A second underlying issue that we tackle in this article is whether the traditional foreign direct investment determinants used in past studies on manufacturing also apply to servicesâ€"or whether service sector-specific determinants are better explanatory variables for understanding the distribution of service foreign direct investment across countries. a b Purchase Export Country location choices of service multinationals: An empirical study of the international hotel sector, the payment document is sustained. The intrapreneur role of the development directors in an Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/72091649" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bcf60bf5f0b513d0ef7258942a4331c4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81160893,"asset_id":72091649,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81160893/download_file?st=MTczOTcwNTUwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3500228" href="https://fiu.academia.edu/SumitKundu">Sumit Kundu</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3500228" type="text/json">{"id":3500228,"first_name":"Sumit","last_name":"Kundu","domain_name":"fiu","page_name":"SumitKundu","display_name":"Sumit Kundu","profile_url":"https://fiu.academia.edu/SumitKundu?f_ri=39","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_72091649 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="72091649"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 72091649, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_72091649", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_72091649 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 72091649; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_72091649"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_72091649 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="72091649"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 72091649; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=72091649]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_72091649").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_72091649").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="72091649"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="38" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Management">Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="38" type="text/json">{"id":38,"name":"Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Management?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing">Marketing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="39" type="text/json">{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8759" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Direct_Investment">Foreign Direct Investment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8759" type="text/json">{"id":8759,"name":"Foreign Direct Investment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Direct_Investment?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73149" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management">Business and Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="73149" type="text/json">{"id":73149,"name":"Business and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=72091649]'), work: {"id":72091649,"title":"Country location choices of service multinationals:: An empirical study of the international hotel sector","created_at":"2022-02-21T04:42:56.441-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/72091649/Country_location_choices_of_service_multinationals_An_empirical_study_of_the_international_hotel_sector?f_ri=39","dom_id":"work_72091649","summary":"T his article examines international country location choices for equity investment undertaken by global hotel chains. Why do certain host countries attract more hotel investment than others? A second underlying issue that we tackle in this article is whether the traditional foreign direct investment determinants used in past studies on manufacturing also apply to servicesâ€\"or whether service sector-specific determinants are better explanatory variables for understanding the distribution of service foreign direct investment across countries. a b Purchase Export Country location choices of service multinationals: An empirical study of the international hotel sector, the payment document is sustained. The intrapreneur role of the development directors in an Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":81160893,"asset_id":72091649,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3500228,"first_name":"Sumit","last_name":"Kundu","domain_name":"fiu","page_name":"SumitKundu","display_name":"Sumit Kundu","profile_url":"https://fiu.academia.edu/SumitKundu?f_ri=39","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":38,"name":"Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Management?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":8759,"name":"Foreign Direct Investment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Direct_Investment?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":73149,"name":"Business and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":219474,"name":"Empirical Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Empirical_Study?f_ri=39"},{"id":1011759,"name":"Location Choice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Location_Choice?f_ri=39"},{"id":1034610,"name":"Service Sector","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Service_Sector?f_ri=39"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_67534678" data-work_id="67534678" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/67534678/Credit_cards_preferences_of_Islamic_and_conventional_credit_card">Credit cards preferences of Islamic and conventional credit card</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Purpose – The main aim of this paper is to identify whether certain consumers behave irrationally when it comes to select banking products. This paper builds on one of the most significant banking products that is the credit card.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_67534678" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Purpose – The main aim of this paper is to identify whether certain consumers behave irrationally when it comes to select banking products. This paper builds on one of the most significant banking products that is the credit card. Design/methodology/approach – This is an exploratory research paper. Therefore, only descriptive analysis on the differences between three credit card user groups such as the Islamic credit card users, conventional card users and users who decide to use both credit cards, conventional and Islamic, were presented. Findings – The demographic and psychographic factors for the three different groups differ. In addition, there are four factors that influence the credit card selection. The factors are insurance/takaful provided by the credit issuers, cost associated with the credit card, the reward points programme offered and the convenience factors. Furthermore, the study found that three of the factors except insurance/takaful are significantly different between three credit card groups. Research limitations/implications – This paper is limited to the context of Malaysia and the respondents are mostly from the same ethnic. Therefore, it could not be generalised in the context of other countries and further studies comparing different culture or ethnic could benefit and enrich the topic of study. Practical implications – The Islamic and conventional banks could focus on several factors influencing customers’ selection and could focus to improve certain lacking areas as perceived by the consumers. The ability to increase the perceptions of the consumers regarding their credit cards will enable their products to be chosen in the market. Originality/value – There was a significant amount of literature discussed in the Islamic banking selection factors. However, little attention being paid to the selection of a specific bank’s product. This study offers a study that looks into the selection of the credit card offered by the banks in respect to the irrational behaviours of the religious consumers in economic activities as compared to the conventional economists. This paper will contribute to the body of existing literature of banking selection.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/67534678" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="129597583" href="https://independent.academia.edu/sanaullahyousafzai2">sanaullah yousafzai</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="129597583" type="text/json">{"id":129597583,"first_name":"sanaullah","last_name":"yousafzai","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"sanaullahyousafzai2","display_name":"sanaullah yousafzai","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/sanaullahyousafzai2?f_ri=39","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/129597583/33469155/29811998/s65_sanaullah.yousafzai.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_67534678 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="67534678"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 67534678, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_67534678", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_67534678 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67534678; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_67534678"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_67534678 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="67534678"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67534678; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67534678]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_67534678").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_67534678").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="67534678"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business">Business</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26" type="text/json">{"id":26,"name":"Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing">Marketing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="39" type="text/json">{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="101311" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Marketing">Islamic Marketing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="101311" type="text/json">{"id":101311,"name":"Islamic Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1122591" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consumer_Behaviour">Consumer Behaviour</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1122591" type="text/json">{"id":1122591,"name":"Consumer Behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consumer_Behaviour?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=67534678]'), work: {"id":67534678,"title":"Credit cards preferences of Islamic and conventional credit card","created_at":"2022-01-07T07:56:06.103-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/67534678/Credit_cards_preferences_of_Islamic_and_conventional_credit_card?f_ri=39","dom_id":"work_67534678","summary":"Purpose – The main aim of this paper is to identify whether certain consumers behave irrationally when it comes to select banking products. This paper builds on one of the most significant banking products that is the credit card. Design/methodology/approach – This is an exploratory research paper. Therefore, only descriptive analysis on the differences between three credit card user groups such as the Islamic credit card users, conventional card users and users who decide to use both credit cards, conventional and Islamic, were presented. Findings – The demographic and psychographic factors for the three different groups differ. In addition, there are four factors that influence the credit card selection. The factors are insurance/takaful provided by the credit issuers, cost associated with the credit card, the reward points programme offered and the convenience factors. Furthermore, the study found that three of the factors except insurance/takaful are significantly different between three credit card groups. Research limitations/implications – This paper is limited to the context of Malaysia and the respondents are mostly from the same ethnic. Therefore, it could not be generalised in the context of other countries and further studies comparing different culture or ethnic could benefit and enrich the topic of study. Practical implications – The Islamic and conventional banks could focus on several factors influencing customers’ selection and could focus to improve certain lacking areas as perceived by the consumers. The ability to increase the perceptions of the consumers regarding their credit cards will enable their products to be chosen in the market. Originality/value – There was a significant amount of literature discussed in the Islamic banking selection factors. However, little attention being paid to the selection of a specific bank’s product. This study offers a study that looks into the selection of the credit card offered by the banks in respect to the irrational behaviours of the religious consumers in economic activities as compared to the conventional economists. This paper will contribute to the body of existing literature of banking selection.","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":129597583,"first_name":"sanaullah","last_name":"yousafzai","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"sanaullahyousafzai2","display_name":"sanaullah yousafzai","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/sanaullahyousafzai2?f_ri=39","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/129597583/33469155/29811998/s65_sanaullah.yousafzai.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":26,"name":"Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":101311,"name":"Islamic Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":1122591,"name":"Consumer Behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consumer_Behaviour?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_20039854" data-work_id="20039854" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20039854/The_disconnect_between_the_science_and_practice_of_management">The disconnect between the science and practice of management</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20039854" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2c6cd8be3d4082ef37dea85a8c9fe0d6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41262790,"asset_id":20039854,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41262790/download_file?st=MTczOTcwNTUwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="40979328" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelHarvey18">Michael Harvey</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="40979328" type="text/json">{"id":40979328,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Harvey","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MichaelHarvey18","display_name":"Michael Harvey","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelHarvey18?f_ri=39","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_20039854 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="20039854"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 20039854, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_20039854", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_20039854 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 20039854; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_20039854"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_20039854 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="20039854"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 20039854; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=20039854]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_20039854").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_20039854").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="20039854"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business">Business</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26" type="text/json">{"id":26,"name":"Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing">Marketing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="39" type="text/json">{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73149" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management">Business and Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="73149" type="text/json">{"id":73149,"name":"Business and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=20039854]'), work: {"id":20039854,"title":"The disconnect between the science and practice of management","created_at":"2016-01-05T08:48:07.378-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/20039854/The_disconnect_between_the_science_and_practice_of_management?f_ri=39","dom_id":"work_20039854","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41262790,"asset_id":20039854,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":40979328,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Harvey","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MichaelHarvey18","display_name":"Michael Harvey","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelHarvey18?f_ri=39","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":26,"name":"Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":73149,"name":"Business and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_934962" data-work_id="934962" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/934962/Food_tourism_around_the_world_Development_management_and_markets">Food tourism around the world: Development, management, and markets</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/934962" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6eef45b8f958a2f16a65540004050374" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51157762,"asset_id":934962,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51157762/download_file?st=MTczOTcwNTUwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="768664" href="https://mahidol.academia.edu/ArunratTananoy">Arunrat Tananoy</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="768664" type="text/json">{"id":768664,"first_name":"Arunrat","last_name":"Tananoy","domain_name":"mahidol","page_name":"ArunratTananoy","display_name":"Arunrat Tananoy","profile_url":"https://mahidol.academia.edu/ArunratTananoy?f_ri=39","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_934962 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="934962"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 934962, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_934962", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_934962 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 934962; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_934962"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_934962 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="934962"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 934962; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=934962]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_934962").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_934962").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="934962"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing">Marketing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="39" type="text/json">{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="38516" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wine">Wine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="38516" type="text/json">{"id":38516,"name":"Wine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wine?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="43883" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tourism">Tourism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="43883" type="text/json">{"id":43883,"name":"Tourism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tourism?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=934962]'), work: {"id":934962,"title":"Food tourism around the world: Development, management, and markets","created_at":"2011-09-20T15:46:25.158-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/934962/Food_tourism_around_the_world_Development_management_and_markets?f_ri=39","dom_id":"work_934962","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51157762,"asset_id":934962,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":768664,"first_name":"Arunrat","last_name":"Tananoy","domain_name":"mahidol","page_name":"ArunratTananoy","display_name":"Arunrat Tananoy","profile_url":"https://mahidol.academia.edu/ArunratTananoy?f_ri=39","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":38516,"name":"Wine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wine?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":43883,"name":"Tourism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tourism?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_76064772" data-work_id="76064772" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/76064772/The_Influence_of_Work_Life_Balance_Servant_Leadership_and_Reward_to_Employee_Engagement_with_Job_Satisfaction_as_Mediator">The Influence of Work-Life Balance, Servant Leadership, and Reward to Employee Engagement with Job Satisfaction as Mediator</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The purpose of this research is to test the influence of work and personal balance, servant leadership, the reward of employee engagement with job satisfaction variables as mediators. The type of research used is explanatory research with... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_76064772" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The purpose of this research is to test the influence of work and personal balance, servant leadership, the reward of employee engagement with job satisfaction variables as mediators. The type of research used is explanatory research with a quantitative approach. The research hypothesis is a theoretical model consisting of the influence of work-life balance, servant leadership, and reward with mediator job satisfaction that can be used to predict and explain the emee engagement (FIT) with empirical data. The research respondent is the employee of Bank X in Bandung as much as 205 employees while the method of measuring data using a work-life balance scale, servant leadership and reward as an exogenous with a mediator job satisfaction to the employee engagement as endogenous with RMSEA 0.049. Data analysis using structural equation model (SEM) by using linear structural model (LISREL) version 8.72. Hypothesis testing structural relations included 5 variables fit, has the meaning the m...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/76064772" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d2e50e7aff2036c3333fd17d685377c5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":83749259,"asset_id":76064772,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83749259/download_file?st=MTczOTcwNTUwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="45580880" href="https://mercibuana.academia.edu/AndyanUtama">Andyan P Utama</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="45580880" type="text/json">{"id":45580880,"first_name":"Andyan","last_name":"Utama","domain_name":"mercibuana","page_name":"AndyanUtama","display_name":"Andyan P Utama","profile_url":"https://mercibuana.academia.edu/AndyanUtama?f_ri=39","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/45580880/16433516/103643925/s65_andyan.utama.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_76064772 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="76064772"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 76064772, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_76064772", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_76064772 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76064772; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_76064772"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_76064772 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="76064772"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76064772; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76064772]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_76064772").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_76064772").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="76064772"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="38" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Management">Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="38" type="text/json">{"id":38,"name":"Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Management?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing">Marketing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="39" type="text/json">{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6416" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Resource_Management">Human Resource Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6416" type="text/json">{"id":6416,"name":"Human Resource Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Resource_Management?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=76064772]'), work: {"id":76064772,"title":"The Influence of Work-Life Balance, Servant Leadership, and Reward to Employee Engagement with Job Satisfaction as Mediator","created_at":"2022-04-10T22:44:11.029-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/76064772/The_Influence_of_Work_Life_Balance_Servant_Leadership_and_Reward_to_Employee_Engagement_with_Job_Satisfaction_as_Mediator?f_ri=39","dom_id":"work_76064772","summary":"The purpose of this research is to test the influence of work and personal balance, servant leadership, the reward of employee engagement with job satisfaction variables as mediators. The type of research used is explanatory research with a quantitative approach. The research hypothesis is a theoretical model consisting of the influence of work-life balance, servant leadership, and reward with mediator job satisfaction that can be used to predict and explain the emee engagement (FIT) with empirical data. The research respondent is the employee of Bank X in Bandung as much as 205 employees while the method of measuring data using a work-life balance scale, servant leadership and reward as an exogenous with a mediator job satisfaction to the employee engagement as endogenous with RMSEA 0.049. Data analysis using structural equation model (SEM) by using linear structural model (LISREL) version 8.72. Hypothesis testing structural relations included 5 variables fit, has the meaning the m...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":83749259,"asset_id":76064772,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":45580880,"first_name":"Andyan","last_name":"Utama","domain_name":"mercibuana","page_name":"AndyanUtama","display_name":"Andyan P Utama","profile_url":"https://mercibuana.academia.edu/AndyanUtama?f_ri=39","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/45580880/16433516/103643925/s65_andyan.utama.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":38,"name":"Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Management?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":6416,"name":"Human Resource Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Resource_Management?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":8688,"name":"Job Satisfaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Job_Satisfaction?f_ri=39"},{"id":17082,"name":"Employee engagement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Employee_engagement?f_ri=39"},{"id":111932,"name":"Work Engagement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Work_Engagement?f_ri=39"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2494275" data-work_id="2494275" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2494275/Social_Capital_Its_Origins_and_Applications_in_Modern_Sociology">Social Capital: Its Origins and Applications in Modern Sociology</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper reviews the origins and definitions of social capital in the writings of Bourdieu, Loury, and Coleman, among other authors. It distinguishes four sources of social capital and examines their dynamics. Applications of the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2494275" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper reviews the origins and definitions of social capital in the writings of Bourdieu, Loury, and Coleman, among other authors. It distinguishes four sources of social capital and examines their dynamics. Applications of the concept in the sociological literature emphasize its role in social control, in family support, and in benefits mediated by extrafamilial networks. I provide examples of each of these positive functions. Negative consequences of the same processes also deserve attention for a balanced picture of the forces at play. I review four such consequences and illustrate them with relevant examples. Recent writings on social capital have extended the concept from an individual asset to a feature of communities and even nations. The final sections describe this conceptual stretch and examine its limitations. I argue that, as shorthand for the positive consequences of sociability, social capital has a definite place in sociological theory. However, excessive extensions of the concept may jeopardize its heuristic value.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2494275" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e92166cdd15cf67bc03fd98ba446c5a0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30512202,"asset_id":2494275,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30512202/download_file?st=MTczOTcwNTUwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3251408" href="https://independent.academia.edu/fjose">fijo jose</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3251408" type="text/json">{"id":3251408,"first_name":"fijo","last_name":"jose","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"fjose","display_name":"fijo jose","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/fjose?f_ri=39","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2494275 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2494275"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2494275, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2494275", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_2494275 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2494275; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_2494275"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_2494275 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2494275"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2494275; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2494275]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2494275").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2494275").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2494275"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing">Marketing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="39" type="text/json">{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="184" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology">Sociology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="184" type="text/json">{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5745" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Capital">Social Capital</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5745" type="text/json">{"id":5745,"name":"Social Capital","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Capital?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="53848" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Control">Social Control</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="53848" type="text/json">{"id":53848,"name":"Social Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Control?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2494275]'), work: {"id":2494275,"title":"Social Capital: Its Origins and Applications in Modern Sociology","created_at":"2013-01-31T12:46:58.751-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2494275/Social_Capital_Its_Origins_and_Applications_in_Modern_Sociology?f_ri=39","dom_id":"work_2494275","summary":"This paper reviews the origins and definitions of social capital in the writings of Bourdieu, Loury, and Coleman, among other authors. It distinguishes four sources of social capital and examines their dynamics. Applications of the concept in the sociological literature emphasize its role in social control, in family support, and in benefits mediated by extrafamilial networks. I provide examples of each of these positive functions. Negative consequences of the same processes also deserve attention for a balanced picture of the forces at play. I review four such consequences and illustrate them with relevant examples. Recent writings on social capital have extended the concept from an individual asset to a feature of communities and even nations. The final sections describe this conceptual stretch and examine its limitations. I argue that, as shorthand for the positive consequences of sociability, social capital has a definite place in sociological theory. However, excessive extensions of the concept may jeopardize its heuristic value.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30512202,"asset_id":2494275,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3251408,"first_name":"fijo","last_name":"jose","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"fjose","display_name":"fijo jose","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/fjose?f_ri=39","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":5745,"name":"Social Capital","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Capital?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":53848,"name":"Social Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Control?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":424544,"name":"Family Support","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Family_Support?f_ri=39"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34282288 coauthored" data-work_id="34282288" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34282288/An_inevitable_progress_Educational_restructuring_in_Finland_Iceland_and_Sweden_at_the_turn_of_the_millennium">An inevitable progress? Educational restructuring in Finland, Iceland and Sweden at the turn of the millennium</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The article discusses how current changes in the system of reasoning about education in Finland, Iceland and Sweden are characterised by culturally woven patterns where marketisation strategies, for instance budget reform, are introduced... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34282288" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The article discusses how current changes in the system of reasoning about education in Finland, Iceland and Sweden are characterised by culturally woven patterns where marketisation strategies, for instance budget reform, are introduced as technically effective devices both for educating the best and to increase inclusion. This system of reason presupposes that the neo-liberalist restructuring changes are inevitable global phenomena and that they are a progress compared with the old arrangements, but is silent about socio-economic issues and the equity goals of the 1960s-1980s. The article also argues that school-based self-evaluation as a practice and as a language is a normalising technique that ensures that school actors will identify the obstacles encountered in the restructuring transition so that neither state nor other authorities intervene.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34282288" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8c65581f49cab58f0d03807edd70c649" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54188466,"asset_id":34282288,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54188466/download_file?st=MTczOTcwNTUwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="67428775" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HannuSimola">Hannu Simola</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="67428775" type="text/json">{"id":67428775,"first_name":"Hannu","last_name":"Simola","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HannuSimola","display_name":"Hannu Simola","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HannuSimola?f_ri=39","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-34282288">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-34282288"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/Ing%C3%B3lfurJ%C3%B3hannesson">Ingólfur Jóhannesson</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-34282288'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-34282288').html(); 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Educational restructuring in Finland, Iceland and Sweden at the turn of the millennium","created_at":"2017-08-20T07:45:36.486-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34282288/An_inevitable_progress_Educational_restructuring_in_Finland_Iceland_and_Sweden_at_the_turn_of_the_millennium?f_ri=39","dom_id":"work_34282288","summary":"The article discusses how current changes in the system of reasoning about education in Finland, Iceland and Sweden are characterised by culturally woven patterns where marketisation strategies, for instance budget reform, are introduced as technically effective devices both for educating the best and to increase inclusion. This system of reason presupposes that the neo-liberalist restructuring changes are inevitable global phenomena and that they are a progress compared with the old arrangements, but is silent about socio-economic issues and the equity goals of the 1960s-1980s. The article also argues that school-based self-evaluation as a practice and as a language is a normalising technique that ensures that school actors will identify the obstacles encountered in the restructuring transition so that neither state nor other authorities intervene.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54188466,"asset_id":34282288,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":67428775,"first_name":"Hannu","last_name":"Simola","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HannuSimola","display_name":"Hannu Simola","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HannuSimola?f_ri=39","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":53417289,"first_name":"Ingólfur","last_name":"Jóhannesson","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IngólfurJóhannesson","display_name":"Ingólfur Jóhannesson","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Ing%C3%B3lfurJ%C3%B3hannesson?f_ri=39","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":941,"name":"Social Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Policy?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":5167,"name":"Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Governance?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":6156,"name":"Inclusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inclusion?f_ri=39"},{"id":7125,"name":"Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Culture?f_ri=39"},{"id":152553,"name":"Comparative Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Analysis?f_ri=39"},{"id":265890,"name":"Scandinavian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scandinavian?f_ri=39"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_16344430" data-work_id="16344430" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16344430/Discriminating_adults_genuine_imagined_and_deceptive_accounts_of_positive_and_negative_childhood_events">Discriminating adults' genuine, imagined, and deceptive accounts of positive and negative childhood events</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Participants generated three accounts. The first account was of an event that participants genuinely experienced in childhood. The second account was of an event that participants did not experience, but merely imagined happened in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_16344430" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Participants generated three accounts. The first account was of an event that participants genuinely experienced in childhood. The second account was of an event that participants did not experience, but merely imagined happened in childhood. The third account was of an event that participants did not experience, but wrote a deceptive account to convince someone else that the event really happened in childhood. Half our participants wrote about positive events and half wrote about negative events. Ratings made by two trained judges indicated that genuine, imagined, and deceptive accounts were qualitatively different on both the MCQ and ARJS. Moreover, based on the MCQ and ARJS scores raters could discriminate whether the events had been genuinely experienced. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/16344430" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="eb7514fbec8c631e40d188bee69b6983" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42515616,"asset_id":16344430,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42515616/download_file?st=MTczOTcwNTUwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="35465027" href="https://deakin.academia.edu/StefanieSharman">Stefanie Sharman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="35465027" type="text/json">{"id":35465027,"first_name":"Stefanie","last_name":"Sharman","domain_name":"deakin","page_name":"StefanieSharman","display_name":"Stefanie Sharman","profile_url":"https://deakin.academia.edu/StefanieSharman?f_ri=39","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/35465027/10301385/11495470/s65_stefanie.sharman.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_16344430 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="16344430"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 16344430, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_16344430", }); 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The first account was of an event that participants genuinely experienced in childhood. The second account was of an event that participants did not experience, but merely imagined happened in childhood. The third account was of an event that participants did not experience, but wrote a deceptive account to convince someone else that the event really happened in childhood. Half our participants wrote about positive events and half wrote about negative events. Ratings made by two trained judges indicated that genuine, imagined, and deceptive accounts were qualitatively different on both the MCQ and ARJS. Moreover, based on the MCQ and ARJS scores raters could discriminate whether the events had been genuinely experienced. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42515616,"asset_id":16344430,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":35465027,"first_name":"Stefanie","last_name":"Sharman","domain_name":"deakin","page_name":"StefanieSharman","display_name":"Stefanie Sharman","profile_url":"https://deakin.academia.edu/StefanieSharman?f_ri=39","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/35465027/10301385/11495470/s65_stefanie.sharman.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":297231,"name":"Applied Cognitive Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Cognitive_Linguistics?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":461900,"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Cognitive_Psychology?f_ri=39"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24436288" data-work_id="24436288" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24436288/Improving_food_security_in_Arab_countries">Improving food security in Arab countries</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" 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type="text/json">{"id":2216,"name":"Natural Resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_Resources?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=24436288]'), work: {"id":24436288,"title":"Improving food security in Arab countries","created_at":"2016-04-15T08:25:19.418-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/24436288/Improving_food_security_in_Arab_countries?f_ri=39","dom_id":"work_24436288","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44765464,"asset_id":24436288,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":47104168,"first_name":"Julian","last_name":"Lampietti","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JulianLampietti","display_name":"Julian 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Downturn","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Downturn?f_ri=39"},{"id":1028340,"name":"Incomes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incomes?f_ri=39"},{"id":1851131,"name":"Global Climate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Climate?f_ri=39"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14823219 coauthored" data-work_id="14823219" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14823219/Power_law_distributions_in_entrepreneurship_Implications_for_theory_and_research">Power law distributions in entrepreneurship: Implications for theory and research</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A long-held assumption in entrepreneurship research is that normal (i.e., Gaussian) distributions characterize variables of interest for both theory and practice. We challenge this assumption by examining more than 12,000 nascent, young,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14823219" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A long-held assumption in entrepreneurship research is that normal (i.e., Gaussian) distributions characterize variables of interest for both theory and practice. We challenge this assumption by examining more than 12,000 nascent, young, and hyper-growth firms. Results reveal that variables which play central roles in resource-, cognition-, action-, and environment-based entrepreneurship theories exhibit highly skewed power law distributions, where a few outliers account for a disproportionate amount of the distribution's total output. Our results call for the development of new theory to explain and predict the mechanisms that generate these distributions and the outliers therein. We offer a research agenda, including a description of non-traditional methodological approaches, to answer this call.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14823219" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="26dd6a5f76ac7b9f911312c385e72b4e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38598339,"asset_id":14823219,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38598339/download_file?st=MTczOTcwNTUwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33783108" href="https://gwu.academia.edu/HermanAguinis">Herman Aguinis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33783108" type="text/json">{"id":33783108,"first_name":"Herman","last_name":"Aguinis","domain_name":"gwu","page_name":"HermanAguinis","display_name":"Herman Aguinis","profile_url":"https://gwu.academia.edu/HermanAguinis?f_ri=39","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33783108/9961900/17182868/s65_herman.aguinis.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-14823219">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-14823219"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://um-boston.academia.edu/BenyaminLichtenstein">Benyamin Lichtenstein</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-14823219'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-14823219').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_14823219 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14823219"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14823219; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14823219]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14823219").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14823219").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14823219"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing">Marketing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="39" type="text/json">{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73149" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management">Business and Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="73149" type="text/json">{"id":73149,"name":"Business and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="759657" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Venturing">Business Venturing</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="759657" type="text/json">{"id":759657,"name":"Business Venturing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Venturing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14823219]'), work: {"id":14823219,"title":"Power law distributions in entrepreneurship: Implications for theory and research","created_at":"2015-08-10T07:44:28.895-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14823219/Power_law_distributions_in_entrepreneurship_Implications_for_theory_and_research?f_ri=39","dom_id":"work_14823219","summary":"A long-held assumption in entrepreneurship research is that normal (i.e., Gaussian) distributions characterize variables of interest for both theory and practice. We challenge this assumption by examining more than 12,000 nascent, young, and hyper-growth firms. Results reveal that variables which play central roles in resource-, cognition-, action-, and environment-based entrepreneurship theories exhibit highly skewed power law distributions, where a few outliers account for a disproportionate amount of the distribution's total output. Our results call for the development of new theory to explain and predict the mechanisms that generate these distributions and the outliers therein. We offer a research agenda, including a description of non-traditional methodological approaches, to answer this call.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38598339,"asset_id":14823219,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33783108,"first_name":"Herman","last_name":"Aguinis","domain_name":"gwu","page_name":"HermanAguinis","display_name":"Herman Aguinis","profile_url":"https://gwu.academia.edu/HermanAguinis?f_ri=39","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33783108/9961900/17182868/s65_herman.aguinis.jpg"},{"id":1042778,"first_name":"Benyamin","last_name":"Lichtenstein","domain_name":"um-boston","page_name":"BenyaminLichtenstein","display_name":"Benyamin Lichtenstein","profile_url":"https://um-boston.academia.edu/BenyaminLichtenstein?f_ri=39","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":73149,"name":"Business and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":759657,"name":"Business Venturing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Venturing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8240837" data-work_id="8240837" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8240837/Organizational_capabilities_in_e_commerce_An_empirical_investigation_of_e_brokerage_service_providers">Organizational capabilities in e-commerce: An empirical investigation of e-brokerage service providers</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">E-commerce not only has tremendous potential for growth but also poses unique challenges for both incumbents and new entrants. By examining drivers of firm performance in e-commerce from a capabilities perspective, the authors... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8240837" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">E-commerce not only has tremendous potential for growth but also poses unique challenges for both incumbents and new entrants. By examining drivers of firm performance in e-commerce from a capabilities perspective, the authors conceptualize three firm capabilities that are critical for superior firm performance in e-commerce: information technology capability, strategic flexibility, and trust-building capability. The extent and nature of market orientation is conceptualized as a platform for leveraging e-commerce capabilities. The authors test the effects of e-commerce capabilities on performance (e.g., relative profits, sales, return on investment) using data from 122 e-brokerage service providers. The results indicate that information technology capability and strategic flexibility affect performance given the right market orientation.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8240837" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5ca2ebcd23f2c1d5e48e13207f18deff" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48170812,"asset_id":8240837,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48170812/download_file?st=MTczOTcwNTUwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="16274826" href="https://independent.academia.edu/amitsaini17">amit saini</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="16274826" type="text/json">{"id":16274826,"first_name":"amit","last_name":"saini","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"amitsaini17","display_name":"amit saini","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/amitsaini17?f_ri=39","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8240837 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8240837"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8240837, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8240837", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8240837]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_8240837").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_8240837").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="8240837"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing">Marketing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="39" type="text/json">{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="491" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Technology">Information Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="491" type="text/json">{"id":491,"name":"Information Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Technology?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13585" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Market_Orientation">Market Orientation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13585" type="text/json">{"id":13585,"name":"Market Orientation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Market_Orientation?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39900" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Firm_Performance">Firm Performance</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="39900" type="text/json">{"id":39900,"name":"Firm Performance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Firm_Performance?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=8240837]'), work: {"id":8240837,"title":"Organizational capabilities in e-commerce: An empirical investigation of e-brokerage service providers","created_at":"2014-09-08T03:23:52.898-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/8240837/Organizational_capabilities_in_e_commerce_An_empirical_investigation_of_e_brokerage_service_providers?f_ri=39","dom_id":"work_8240837","summary":"E-commerce not only has tremendous potential for growth but also poses unique challenges for both incumbents and new entrants. By examining drivers of firm performance in e-commerce from a capabilities perspective, the authors conceptualize three firm capabilities that are critical for superior firm performance in e-commerce: information technology capability, strategic flexibility, and trust-building capability. The extent and nature of market orientation is conceptualized as a platform for leveraging e-commerce capabilities. The authors test the effects of e-commerce capabilities on performance (e.g., relative profits, sales, return on investment) using data from 122 e-brokerage service providers. The results indicate that information technology capability and strategic flexibility affect performance given the right market orientation.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48170812,"asset_id":8240837,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":16274826,"first_name":"amit","last_name":"saini","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"amitsaini17","display_name":"amit saini","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/amitsaini17?f_ri=39","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":491,"name":"Information Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Technology?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":13585,"name":"Market Orientation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Market_Orientation?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":39900,"name":"Firm Performance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Firm_Performance?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":43883,"name":"Tourism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tourism?f_ri=39"},{"id":73149,"name":"Business and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management?f_ri=39"},{"id":121035,"name":"Profitability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Profitability?f_ri=39"},{"id":286408,"name":"Return on Investment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Return_on_Investment?f_ri=39"},{"id":353551,"name":"Web Performance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Web_Performance?f_ri=39"},{"id":908186,"name":"Service Provider","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Service_Provider?f_ri=39"},{"id":1235303,"name":"E Commerce","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/E_Commerce-2?f_ri=39"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2777019" data-work_id="2777019" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/2777019/Venturing_into_Venture_Philanthropy_Is_More_Sustainable_Health_and_Medical_Research_Funding_Possible_Through_Venture_Philanthropy_and_Social_Entrepreneurship">Venturing into Venture Philanthropy: Is More Sustainable Health and Medical Research Funding Possible Through Venture Philanthropy and Social Entrepreneurship?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. All in-text references underlined in blue are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you access and read them immediately. QUT Digital Repository:... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2777019" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. All in-text references underlined in blue are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you access and read them immediately. QUT Digital Repository: <a href="http://eprints.qut.edu.au/" rel="nofollow">http://eprints.qut.edu.au/</a> Scaife, Wendy (2007) Venturing into venture philanthropy : is more sustainable health and medical research funding possible through venture philanthropy and social entrepreneurship? In: Abstract Resource issues of Australia's aging population are wrinkling the strategists' brows. A quest for novel funding options is underway. This paper draws upon case study research to raise the allied concepts of venture philanthropy and social entrepreneurship as useful partners in a nation's medical research funding portfolio. While both notions are quite new features in the nonprofit and philanthropy literatures (Van Slyke and Newman 2006) US cases suggest a</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2777019" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="04117a36fff25b46bcbd1e7f4867d34c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50546120,"asset_id":2777019,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50546120/download_file?st=MTczOTcwNTUwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2631490" rel="nofollow" href="https://qut.academia.edu/WendyScaife">Wendy Scaife</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2631490" type="text/json">{"id":2631490,"first_name":"Wendy","last_name":"Scaife","domain_name":"qut","page_name":"WendyScaife","display_name":"Wendy Scaife","profile_url":"https://qut.academia.edu/WendyScaife?f_ri=39","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2631490/11357059/12669145/s65_wendy.scaife.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2777019 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2777019"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2777019, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2777019", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2777019]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2777019").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2777019").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2777019"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing">Marketing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="39" type="text/json">{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73149" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management">Business and Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="73149" type="text/json">{"id":73149,"name":"Business and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2777019]'), work: {"id":2777019,"title":"Venturing into Venture Philanthropy: Is More Sustainable Health and Medical Research Funding Possible Through Venture Philanthropy and Social Entrepreneurship?","created_at":"2013-03-02T17:00:15.580-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2777019/Venturing_into_Venture_Philanthropy_Is_More_Sustainable_Health_and_Medical_Research_Funding_Possible_Through_Venture_Philanthropy_and_Social_Entrepreneurship?f_ri=39","dom_id":"work_2777019","summary":"The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. All in-text references underlined in blue are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you access and read them immediately. QUT Digital Repository: http://eprints.qut.edu.au/ Scaife, Wendy (2007) Venturing into venture philanthropy : is more sustainable health and medical research funding possible through venture philanthropy and social entrepreneurship? In: Abstract Resource issues of Australia's aging population are wrinkling the strategists' brows. A quest for novel funding options is underway. This paper draws upon case study research to raise the allied concepts of venture philanthropy and social entrepreneurship as useful partners in a nation's medical research funding portfolio. While both notions are quite new features in the nonprofit and philanthropy literatures (Van Slyke and Newman 2006) US cases suggest a","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50546120,"asset_id":2777019,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2631490,"first_name":"Wendy","last_name":"Scaife","domain_name":"qut","page_name":"WendyScaife","display_name":"Wendy Scaife","profile_url":"https://qut.academia.edu/WendyScaife?f_ri=39","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2631490/11357059/12669145/s65_wendy.scaife.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":73149,"name":"Business and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49762787" data-work_id="49762787" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49762787/The_Interface_between_Organizational_Learning_Capability_Entrepreneurial_Orientation_and_SME_Growth">The Interface between Organizational Learning Capability, Entrepreneurial Orientation, and SME Growth</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper investigates the interface between organizational learning capability, entrepreneurial orientation (EO), and small business performance. It reports on the findings from 350 small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in North Cyprus... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49762787" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper investigates the interface between organizational learning capability, entrepreneurial orientation (EO), and small business performance. It reports on the findings from 350 small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in North Cyprus operating in the services and retailing sectors. The findings indicate a positive relationship between EO and sales and market share growth, but not between EO and employment growth. There is also a positive relationship between organizational learning capability and EO. This paper contributes to the small business management literature by providing a holistic analysis of the interface between organizational learning capability, EO, and growth.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49762787" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d7a372f67a45d59e9a1aab39fdaf3450" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68006599,"asset_id":49762787,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68006599/download_file?st=MTczOTcwNTUwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="40741271" href="https://emu.academia.edu/harasli">huseyin arasli</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="40741271" type="text/json">{"id":40741271,"first_name":"huseyin","last_name":"arasli","domain_name":"emu","page_name":"harasli","display_name":"huseyin arasli","profile_url":"https://emu.academia.edu/harasli?f_ri=39","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/40741271/29052773/27092104/s65_huseyin.arasli.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49762787 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49762787"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49762787, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49762787", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49762787]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_49762787").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_49762787").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49762787"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Entrepreneurship">Entrepreneurship</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27" type="text/json">{"id":27,"name":"Entrepreneurship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Entrepreneurship?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing">Marketing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="39" type="text/json">{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3131" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Small_Business">Small Business</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3131" type="text/json">{"id":3131,"name":"Small Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Small_Business?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="62257" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Small_Business_Management">Small Business Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="62257" type="text/json">{"id":62257,"name":"Small Business Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Small_Business_Management?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49762787]'), work: {"id":49762787,"title":"The Interface between Organizational Learning Capability, Entrepreneurial Orientation, and SME Growth","created_at":"2021-07-11T13:49:07.024-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/49762787/The_Interface_between_Organizational_Learning_Capability_Entrepreneurial_Orientation_and_SME_Growth?f_ri=39","dom_id":"work_49762787","summary":"This paper investigates the interface between organizational learning capability, entrepreneurial orientation (EO), and small business performance. It reports on the findings from 350 small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in North Cyprus operating in the services and retailing sectors. The findings indicate a positive relationship between EO and sales and market share growth, but not between EO and employment growth. There is also a positive relationship between organizational learning capability and EO. This paper contributes to the small business management literature by providing a holistic analysis of the interface between organizational learning capability, EO, and growth.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68006599,"asset_id":49762787,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":40741271,"first_name":"huseyin","last_name":"arasli","domain_name":"emu","page_name":"harasli","display_name":"huseyin arasli","profile_url":"https://emu.academia.edu/harasli?f_ri=39","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/40741271/29052773/27092104/s65_huseyin.arasli.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":27,"name":"Entrepreneurship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Entrepreneurship?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":3131,"name":"Small Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Small_Business?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":62257,"name":"Small Business Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Small_Business_Management?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":73149,"name":"Business and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management?f_ri=39"},{"id":3079415,"name":"Finance and Investment Banking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance_and_Investment_Banking?f_ri=39"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_65457091" data-work_id="65457091" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/65457091/Redefining_brand_hijacking_from_a_non_collaborative_brand_co_creation_perspective">Redefining brand hijacking from a non-collaborative brand co-creation perspective</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In the democratic digital environment, brand managers frequently deal with the unauthorized use of the brand by third parties. The phenomenon, known as brand hijacking, has been treated in different and sometimes conflicting ways in the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_65457091" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In the democratic digital environment, brand managers frequently deal with the unauthorized use of the brand by third parties. The phenomenon, known as brand hijacking, has been treated in different and sometimes conflicting ways in the academic and professional literature. The aim of this paper is to clarify the meaning of brand hijacking and to shed light on the various motivations and intentions underpinning the phenomenon.,A Delphi-based survey among both academic and professional experts was conducted to explore the key features of brand hijacking and expand existing theories.,The results of the Delphi survey enable the main brand hijacking actions to be mapped, based on two motivational axes (utilitarian–idealistic and destructive–constructive) and on the various intentions that guide the hijackers. The results help re-define the key elements of brand hijacking, through the lens of non-collaborative brand co-creation.,Managerial implications are presented in terms of the corpo...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/65457091" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c1abc6f0486131512fdfa16305e6587f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":77045488,"asset_id":65457091,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77045488/download_file?st=MTczOTcwNTUwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="36390603" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AlfonsoSiano">Alfonso Siano</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="36390603" type="text/json">{"id":36390603,"first_name":"Alfonso","last_name":"Siano","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AlfonsoSiano","display_name":"Alfonso Siano","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AlfonsoSiano?f_ri=39","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_65457091 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="65457091"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 65457091, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_65457091", }); 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The phenomenon, known as brand hijacking, has been treated in different and sometimes conflicting ways in the academic and professional literature. The aim of this paper is to clarify the meaning of brand hijacking and to shed light on the various motivations and intentions underpinning the phenomenon.,A Delphi-based survey among both academic and professional experts was conducted to explore the key features of brand hijacking and expand existing theories.,The results of the Delphi survey enable the main brand hijacking actions to be mapped, based on two motivational axes (utilitarian–idealistic and destructive–constructive) and on the various intentions that guide the hijackers. The results help re-define the key elements of brand hijacking, through the lens of non-collaborative brand co-creation.,Managerial implications are presented in terms of the corpo...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":77045488,"asset_id":65457091,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":36390603,"first_name":"Alfonso","last_name":"Siano","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AlfonsoSiano","display_name":"Alfonso Siano","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AlfonsoSiano?f_ri=39","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":26,"name":"Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":73149,"name":"Business and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":531372,"name":"Product and Brand Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Product_and_Brand_Management?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_57016164" data-work_id="57016164" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/57016164/The_influence_of_shared_mental_models_on_team_process_and_performance">The influence of shared mental models on team process and performance</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The influence of teammates' shared mental models on team processes and performance was tested using 56 undergraduate dyads who "flew" a series of missions on a personal-computer-based flightcombat simulation. The authors both conceptually... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_57016164" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The influence of teammates' shared mental models on team processes and performance was tested using 56 undergraduate dyads who "flew" a series of missions on a personal-computer-based flightcombat simulation. The authors both conceptually and empirically distinguished between teammates' task-and team-based mental models and indexed their convergence or "sharedness" using individually completed paired-comparisons matrices analyzed using a network-based algorithm. The results illustrated that both shared-team-and task-based mental models related positively to subsequent team process and performance. Furthermore, team processes fully mediated the relationship between mental model convergence and team effectiveness. Results are discussed in terms of the role of shared cognitions in team effectiveness and the applicability of different interventions designed to achieve such convergence.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/57016164" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a16a34b4707ab7ecd3b73a2f88c0a0fa" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":72118642,"asset_id":57016164,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/72118642/download_file?st=MTczOTcwNTUwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38655114" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JCannonbowers">Janis A Cannon-Bbowers</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38655114" type="text/json">{"id":38655114,"first_name":"Janis","last_name":"Cannon-Bbowers","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JCannonbowers","display_name":"Janis A Cannon-Bbowers","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JCannonbowers?f_ri=39","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_57016164 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="57016164"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 57016164, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_57016164", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_57016164 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 57016164; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_57016164"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_57016164 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="57016164"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 57016164; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=57016164]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_57016164").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_57016164").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="57016164"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing">Marketing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="39" type="text/json">{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="223" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Psychology">Applied Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="223" type="text/json">{"id":223,"name":"Applied Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Psychology?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4212" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition">Cognition</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4212" type="text/json">{"id":4212,"name":"Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=57016164]'), work: {"id":57016164,"title":"The influence of shared mental models on team process and performance","created_at":"2021-10-10T15:50:57.141-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/57016164/The_influence_of_shared_mental_models_on_team_process_and_performance?f_ri=39","dom_id":"work_57016164","summary":"The influence of teammates' shared mental models on team processes and performance was tested using 56 undergraduate dyads who \"flew\" a series of missions on a personal-computer-based flightcombat simulation. The authors both conceptually and empirically distinguished between teammates' task-and team-based mental models and indexed their convergence or \"sharedness\" using individually completed paired-comparisons matrices analyzed using a network-based algorithm. The results illustrated that both shared-team-and task-based mental models related positively to subsequent team process and performance. Furthermore, team processes fully mediated the relationship between mental model convergence and team effectiveness. Results are discussed in terms of the role of shared cognitions in team effectiveness and the applicability of different interventions designed to achieve such convergence.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":72118642,"asset_id":57016164,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38655114,"first_name":"Janis","last_name":"Cannon-Bbowers","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JCannonbowers","display_name":"Janis A Cannon-Bbowers","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JCannonbowers?f_ri=39","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":223,"name":"Applied Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Psychology?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":4212,"name":"Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":19988,"name":"Group Processes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Group_Processes?f_ri=39"},{"id":53889,"name":"Industrial Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Industrial_Psychology?f_ri=39"},{"id":73149,"name":"Business and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management?f_ri=39"},{"id":96502,"name":"Applied","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied?f_ri=39"},{"id":100407,"name":"Achievement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achievement?f_ri=39"},{"id":123230,"name":"Regression Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regression_Analysis?f_ri=39"},{"id":192198,"name":"MENTAL MODEL","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MENTAL_MODEL?f_ri=39"},{"id":213439,"name":"Pennsylvania","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pennsylvania?f_ri=39"},{"id":413194,"name":"Analysis of Variance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analysis_of_Variance?f_ri=39"},{"id":749302,"name":"Indexation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indexation?f_ri=39"},{"id":816819,"name":"Psychological Models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychological_Models?f_ri=39"},{"id":906816,"name":"Shared Mental Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shared_Mental_Model?f_ri=39"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14542041" data-work_id="14542041" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14542041/Negotiating_control_and_achieving_performance_in_international_joint_ventures_A_conceptual_model">Negotiating control and achieving performance in international joint ventures: A conceptual model</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Adapting well-established organization theories to international joint ventures (IJVs), this paper develops an overarching theoretical model of the determinants and effects of parent control of IJVs from an interpartner bargaining power... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14542041" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Adapting well-established organization theories to international joint ventures (IJVs), this paper develops an overarching theoretical model of the determinants and effects of parent control of IJVs from an interpartner bargaining power perspective. Drawing upon power dependence, transaction costs, and agency theories, we argue that the relative bargaining power between IJV partners serves as the key determinant of control structure, and that control exerts a direct effect on the venture's performance. In addition, government influence and interpartner working relationship are critical factors that complicate the linkage between control and performance but may help to explain past conflicting results. Propositions regarding these relationships are formed for future empirical test, and implications and directions for future research are provided. D</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14542041" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9df955d3312dc6e01ec733afdab3d64a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44082156,"asset_id":14542041,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44082156/download_file?st=MTczOTcwNTUwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33501879" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BarbaraGray3">Barbara Gray</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33501879" type="text/json">{"id":33501879,"first_name":"Barbara","last_name":"Gray","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BarbaraGray3","display_name":"Barbara Gray","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BarbaraGray3?f_ri=39","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14542041 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14542041"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14542041, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14542041", }); 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Drawing upon power dependence, transaction costs, and agency theories, we argue that the relative bargaining power between IJV partners serves as the key determinant of control structure, and that control exerts a direct effect on the venture's performance. In addition, government influence and interpartner working relationship are critical factors that complicate the linkage between control and performance but may help to explain past conflicting results. Propositions regarding these relationships are formed for future empirical test, and implications and directions for future research are provided. D","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44082156,"asset_id":14542041,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33501879,"first_name":"Barbara","last_name":"Gray","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BarbaraGray3","display_name":"Barbara Gray","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BarbaraGray3?f_ri=39","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":38,"name":"Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Management?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":8646,"name":"Agency Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agency_Theory?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":30419,"name":"Organization Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organization_Theory?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":73149,"name":"Business and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management?f_ri=39"},{"id":139358,"name":"Conceptual Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conceptual_Model?f_ri=39"},{"id":408558,"name":"Control Structure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Control_Structure?f_ri=39"},{"id":483845,"name":"Bargaining Power","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bargaining_Power?f_ri=39"},{"id":868794,"name":"Transaction Cost","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transaction_Cost?f_ri=39"},{"id":1154248,"name":"Theoretical Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theoretical_Model?f_ri=39"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6124577" data-work_id="6124577" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/6124577/Fast_Food_Penetrates_New_Market">Fast Food Penetrates New Market</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6124577" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="30fa18ad1d1a057237d0b4111d64c2a0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33026867,"asset_id":6124577,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33026867/download_file?st=MTczOTcwNTUwNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="9278138" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AntonLunaJR">Anton Luna JR.</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="9278138" type="text/json">{"id":9278138,"first_name":"Anton","last_name":"Luna JR.","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AntonLunaJR","display_name":"Anton Luna JR.","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AntonLunaJR?f_ri=39","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9278138/2976868/3492608/s65_anton.luna_jr..jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6124577 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6124577"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6124577, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6124577", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_6124577 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6124577; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_6124577"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_6124577 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="6124577"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6124577; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6124577]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_6124577").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_6124577").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6124577"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing">Marketing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="39" type="text/json">{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="724" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics">Economics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="724" type="text/json">{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6124577]'), work: {"id":6124577,"title":"Fast Food Penetrates New Market","created_at":"2014-02-18T13:00:40.383-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/6124577/Fast_Food_Penetrates_New_Market?f_ri=39","dom_id":"work_6124577","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33026867,"asset_id":6124577,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":9278138,"first_name":"Anton","last_name":"Luna JR.","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AntonLunaJR","display_name":"Anton Luna JR.","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AntonLunaJR?f_ri=39","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9278138/2976868/3492608/s65_anton.luna_jr..jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18663484" data-work_id="18663484" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18663484/Seven_keys_to_better_forecasting">Seven keys to better forecasting</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18663484" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="07971eb5233161f340ce1f62308d7cae" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40188774,"asset_id":18663484,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40188774/download_file?st=MTczOTcwNTUwNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38738760" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MarkMoon4">Mark Moon</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38738760" type="text/json">{"id":38738760,"first_name":"Mark","last_name":"Moon","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MarkMoon4","display_name":"Mark Moon","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MarkMoon4?f_ri=39","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18663484 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18663484"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18663484, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18663484", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_18663484 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18663484; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_18663484"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_18663484 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18663484"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18663484; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18663484]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_18663484").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_18663484").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="18663484"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing">Marketing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="39" type="text/json">{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73149" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management">Business and Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="73149" type="text/json">{"id":73149,"name":"Business and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=18663484]'), work: {"id":18663484,"title":"Seven keys to better forecasting","created_at":"2015-11-19T18:42:27.194-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/18663484/Seven_keys_to_better_forecasting?f_ri=39","dom_id":"work_18663484","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40188774,"asset_id":18663484,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38738760,"first_name":"Mark","last_name":"Moon","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MarkMoon4","display_name":"Mark Moon","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MarkMoon4?f_ri=39","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":73149,"name":"Business and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_32988425" data-work_id="32988425" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32988425/Deconstructing_Organizational_Commitment_Associations_Among_Its_Affective_and_Cognitive_Components_Personality_Antecedents_and_Behavioral_Outcomes1">Deconstructing Organizational Commitment: Associations Among Its Affective and Cognitive Components, Personality Antecedents, and Behavioral Outcomes1</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This study tests whether measurement of the cognitive aspect of organizational commitment can explain variance in behavioral expressions of commitment beyond Allen & Meyer's (1990) measure of the affective component of commitment. This... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_32988425" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This study tests whether measurement of the cognitive aspect of organizational commitment can explain variance in behavioral expressions of commitment beyond Allen & Meyer's (1990) measure of the affective component of commitment. This cognitive component was measured by an index of belief accentuation. Undergraduates (N = 110) completed a questionnaire that measured all variables. Results show that students who polarize their judgments about the appropriateness of behavior at the university support the university more by defending it from criticism and praising it. This effect holds even after controlling for personality and demographic variables. Results also show that extraversion and agreeableness explain variance in the affective element of commitment and that conscientiousness explains variance in the cognitive element of commitment.j asp_874 213..251</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/32988425" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1cded1fe44486182e49ccc6eda81d215" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53106992,"asset_id":32988425,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53106992/download_file?st=MTczOTcwNTUwNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="35502075" href="https://independent.academia.edu/StephanMotowidlo">Stephan Motowidlo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="35502075" type="text/json">{"id":35502075,"first_name":"Stephan","last_name":"Motowidlo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"StephanMotowidlo","display_name":"Stephan Motowidlo","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/StephanMotowidlo?f_ri=39","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_32988425 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="32988425"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32988425, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_32988425", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_32988425 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32988425; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_32988425"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_32988425 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="32988425"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32988425; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32988425]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_32988425").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_32988425").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="32988425"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing">Marketing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="39" type="text/json">{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="72175" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Social_Psychology">Applied Social Psychology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="72175" type="text/json">{"id":72175,"name":"Applied Social Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Social_Psychology?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=32988425]'), work: {"id":32988425,"title":"Deconstructing Organizational Commitment: Associations Among Its Affective and Cognitive Components, Personality Antecedents, and Behavioral Outcomes1","created_at":"2017-05-12T13:00:30.199-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/32988425/Deconstructing_Organizational_Commitment_Associations_Among_Its_Affective_and_Cognitive_Components_Personality_Antecedents_and_Behavioral_Outcomes1?f_ri=39","dom_id":"work_32988425","summary":"This study tests whether measurement of the cognitive aspect of organizational commitment can explain variance in behavioral expressions of commitment beyond Allen \u0026 Meyer's (1990) measure of the affective component of commitment. This cognitive component was measured by an index of belief accentuation. Undergraduates (N = 110) completed a questionnaire that measured all variables. Results show that students who polarize their judgments about the appropriateness of behavior at the university support the university more by defending it from criticism and praising it. This effect holds even after controlling for personality and demographic variables. Results also show that extraversion and agreeableness explain variance in the affective element of commitment and that conscientiousness explains variance in the cognitive element of commitment.j asp_874 213..251","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53106992,"asset_id":32988425,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":35502075,"first_name":"Stephan","last_name":"Motowidlo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"StephanMotowidlo","display_name":"Stephan Motowidlo","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/StephanMotowidlo?f_ri=39","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":72175,"name":"Applied Social Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Social_Psychology?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12444611" data-work_id="12444611" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12444611/Criterion_validation_of_two_approaches_to_performance_appraisal_The_behavioral_observation_scale_and_the_relative_percentile_method">Criterion validation of two approaches to performance appraisal: The behavioral observation scale and the relative percentile method</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We compared the criterion validity of a new "relative" performance appraisal format (percentile-based ranking) to that of an "absolute" format (BOS) in a sample of 88 unit managers. Overall, our results suggest that the relative format... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12444611" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We compared the criterion validity of a new "relative" performance appraisal format (percentile-based ranking) to that of an "absolute" format (BOS) in a sample of 88 unit managers. Overall, our results suggest that the relative format has higher criterion-related validity than does the absolute format. These findings contradict conventional wisdom that format-related differences in measures of performance are minimal and that relative approaches to performance appraisal are inferior.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12444611" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d8a9aa80f8fab9bae1620b81bc012f88" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46180534,"asset_id":12444611,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46180534/download_file?st=MTczOTcwNTUwNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="31254417" href="https://independent.academia.edu/johnmeyer21">john meyer</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="31254417" type="text/json">{"id":31254417,"first_name":"john","last_name":"meyer","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"johnmeyer21","display_name":"john meyer","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/johnmeyer21?f_ri=39","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/1f7905c6f09db66c68e95defd22abbfe?s=65"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12444611 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12444611"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12444611, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12444611", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12444611]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12444611").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12444611").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12444611"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing">Marketing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="39" type="text/json">{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21683" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Psychology">Business Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21683" type="text/json">{"id":21683,"name":"Business Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Psychology?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="66056" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performance_Appraisal">Performance Appraisal</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="66056" type="text/json">{"id":66056,"name":"Performance Appraisal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performance_Appraisal?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12444611]'), work: {"id":12444611,"title":"Criterion validation of two approaches to performance appraisal: The behavioral observation scale and the relative percentile method","created_at":"2015-05-18T07:55:11.049-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12444611/Criterion_validation_of_two_approaches_to_performance_appraisal_The_behavioral_observation_scale_and_the_relative_percentile_method?f_ri=39","dom_id":"work_12444611","summary":"We compared the criterion validity of a new \"relative\" performance appraisal format (percentile-based ranking) to that of an \"absolute\" format (BOS) in a sample of 88 unit managers. Overall, our results suggest that the relative format has higher criterion-related validity than does the absolute format. These findings contradict conventional wisdom that format-related differences in measures of performance are minimal and that relative approaches to performance appraisal are inferior.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46180534,"asset_id":12444611,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":31254417,"first_name":"john","last_name":"meyer","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"johnmeyer21","display_name":"john meyer","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/johnmeyer21?f_ri=39","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/1f7905c6f09db66c68e95defd22abbfe?s=65"}],"research_interests":[{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":21683,"name":"Business Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Psychology?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":66056,"name":"Performance Appraisal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performance_Appraisal?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":73149,"name":"Business and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management?f_ri=39"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_30748677" data-work_id="30748677" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30748677/Subsidiary_company_boards_reconsidered">Subsidiary company boards reconsidered</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30748677" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6d477dda8dc1da5a4c19ffef01a45cf8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51189939,"asset_id":30748677,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51189939/download_file?st=MTczOTcwNTUwNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3508070" href="https://osu.academia.edu/AdaDemb">Ada Demb</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3508070" type="text/json">{"id":3508070,"first_name":"Ada","last_name":"Demb","domain_name":"osu","page_name":"AdaDemb","display_name":"Ada Demb","profile_url":"https://osu.academia.edu/AdaDemb?f_ri=39","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_30748677 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="30748677"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 30748677, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_30748677", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30748677]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_30748677").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_30748677").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="30748677"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Systems">Information Systems</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="37" type="text/json">{"id":37,"name":"Information Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Systems?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing">Marketing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="39" type="text/json">{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73149" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management">Business and Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="73149" type="text/json">{"id":73149,"name":"Business and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=30748677]'), work: {"id":30748677,"title":"Subsidiary company boards reconsidered","created_at":"2017-01-04T14:20:09.182-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/30748677/Subsidiary_company_boards_reconsidered?f_ri=39","dom_id":"work_30748677","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51189939,"asset_id":30748677,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3508070,"first_name":"Ada","last_name":"Demb","domain_name":"osu","page_name":"AdaDemb","display_name":"Ada Demb","profile_url":"https://osu.academia.edu/AdaDemb?f_ri=39","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":37,"name":"Information Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Systems?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":73149,"name":"Business and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4228161" data-work_id="4228161" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4228161/A_literature_review_of_empirical_studies_of_philanthropy_eight_mechanisms_that_drive_charitable_giving">A literature review of empirical studies of philanthropy: eight mechanisms that drive charitable giving</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The authors present an overview of the academic literature on charitable giving based on a literature review of more than 500 articles. They structure their review around the central question of why people donate money to charitable... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4228161" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The authors present an overview of the academic literature on charitable giving based on a literature review of more than 500 articles. They structure their review around the central question of why people donate money to charitable organizations. We identify eight mechanisms as the most important forces that drive charitable giving: (a) awareness of need; (b) solicitation; (c) costs and benefits; (d) altruism; (e) reputation; (f) psychological benefits; (g) values; (h) efficacy. These mechanisms can provide a basic theoretical framework for future research explaining charitable giving.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4228161" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7a72028cc6d7c3dec4cd867be66ce670" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49978767,"asset_id":4228161,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49978767/download_file?st=MTczOTcwNTUwNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5119928" href="https://rsm.academia.edu/PamalaWiepking">Pamala Wiepking</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5119928" type="text/json">{"id":5119928,"first_name":"Pamala","last_name":"Wiepking","domain_name":"rsm","page_name":"PamalaWiepking","display_name":"Pamala Wiepking","profile_url":"https://rsm.academia.edu/PamalaWiepking?f_ri=39","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5119928/2243493/2624143/s65_pamala.wiepking.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4228161 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4228161"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4228161, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4228161", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4228161]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4228161").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4228161").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4228161"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing">Marketing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="39" type="text/json">{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="184" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology">Sociology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="184" type="text/json">{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="248" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Psychology">Social Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="248" type="text/json">{"id":248,"name":"Social Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Psychology?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="724" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics">Economics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="724" type="text/json">{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4228161]'), work: {"id":4228161,"title":"A literature review of empirical studies of philanthropy: eight mechanisms that drive charitable giving","created_at":"2013-08-12T22:44:52.218-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4228161/A_literature_review_of_empirical_studies_of_philanthropy_eight_mechanisms_that_drive_charitable_giving?f_ri=39","dom_id":"work_4228161","summary":"The authors present an overview of the academic literature on charitable giving based on a literature review of more than 500 articles. They structure their review around the central question of why people donate money to charitable organizations. We identify eight mechanisms as the most important forces that drive charitable giving: (a) awareness of need; (b) solicitation; (c) costs and benefits; (d) altruism; (e) reputation; (f) psychological benefits; (g) values; (h) efficacy. These mechanisms can provide a basic theoretical framework for future research explaining charitable giving.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49978767,"asset_id":4228161,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5119928,"first_name":"Pamala","last_name":"Wiepking","domain_name":"rsm","page_name":"PamalaWiepking","display_name":"Pamala Wiepking","profile_url":"https://rsm.academia.edu/PamalaWiepking?f_ri=39","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5119928/2243493/2624143/s65_pamala.wiepking.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":248,"name":"Social Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Psychology?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":761,"name":"Public Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Economics?f_ri=39"},{"id":940,"name":"Social Work","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Work?f_ri=39"},{"id":1075,"name":"Nonprofit Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nonprofit_Studies?f_ri=39"},{"id":14835,"name":"Altruism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Altruism?f_ri=39"},{"id":17385,"name":"Charitable giving","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Charitable_giving?f_ri=39"},{"id":19596,"name":"Philanthropy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philanthropy?f_ri=39"},{"id":44293,"name":"Literature Review","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literature_Review?f_ri=39"},{"id":73149,"name":"Business and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management?f_ri=39"},{"id":151129,"name":"Nonprofit marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nonprofit_marketing?f_ri=39"},{"id":219474,"name":"Empirical Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Empirical_Study?f_ri=39"},{"id":380315,"name":"Public Administration and Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Administration_and_Policy?f_ri=39"},{"id":412636,"name":"Theoretical Framework","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theoretical_Framework?f_ri=39"},{"id":1353931,"name":"Costs and Benefits","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Costs_and_Benefits?f_ri=39"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_30623582" data-work_id="30623582" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30623582/Authentic_Leadership_Development_and_Validation_of_a_Theory_Based_Measure_">Authentic Leadership: Development and Validation of a Theory-Based Measure </a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This study developed and tested a theory-based measure of authentic leadership using five separate samples obtained from China, Kenya, and the United States. Confirmatory factor analyses supported a higher order, multidimensional model of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_30623582" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This study developed and tested a theory-based measure of authentic leadership using five separate samples obtained from China, Kenya, and the United States. Confirmatory factor analyses supported a higher order, multidimensional model of the authentic leadership construct (the Authentic Leadership Questionnaire [ALQ]) comprising leader self-awareness, relational transparency, internalized moral perspective, and balanced processing. Structural equation modeling (SEM) demonstrated the predictive validity for the ALQ measure for important workrelated attitudes and behaviors, beyond what ethical and transformational leadership offered. Finally, results revealed a positive relationship between authentic leadership and supervisor-rated performance. Implications for research and practice are discussed.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30623582" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2b94c1ecff5beb1b3f15ef5c5b16a624" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51071982,"asset_id":30623582,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51071982/download_file?st=MTczOTcwNTUwNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6296578" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TaraWernsing">Tara Wernsing</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6296578" type="text/json">{"id":6296578,"first_name":"Tara","last_name":"Wernsing","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TaraWernsing","display_name":"Tara Wernsing","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TaraWernsing?f_ri=39","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6296578/2660143/3096773/s65_tara.wernsing.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_30623582 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="30623582"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 30623582, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_30623582", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30623582]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_30623582").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_30623582").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="30623582"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="38" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Management">Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="38" type="text/json">{"id":38,"name":"Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Management?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing">Marketing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="39" type="text/json">{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9401" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transformational_Leadership">Transformational Leadership</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9401" type="text/json">{"id":9401,"name":"Transformational Leadership","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transformational_Leadership?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="20471" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Leadership_Development">Leadership Development</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="20471" type="text/json">{"id":20471,"name":"Leadership Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Leadership_Development?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=30623582]'), work: {"id":30623582,"title":"Authentic Leadership: Development and Validation of a Theory-Based Measure ","created_at":"2016-12-27T02:31:04.094-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/30623582/Authentic_Leadership_Development_and_Validation_of_a_Theory_Based_Measure_?f_ri=39","dom_id":"work_30623582","summary":"This study developed and tested a theory-based measure of authentic leadership using five separate samples obtained from China, Kenya, and the United States. Confirmatory factor analyses supported a higher order, multidimensional model of the authentic leadership construct (the Authentic Leadership Questionnaire [ALQ]) comprising leader self-awareness, relational transparency, internalized moral perspective, and balanced processing. Structural equation modeling (SEM) demonstrated the predictive validity for the ALQ measure for important workrelated attitudes and behaviors, beyond what ethical and transformational leadership offered. Finally, results revealed a positive relationship between authentic leadership and supervisor-rated performance. Implications for research and practice are discussed.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51071982,"asset_id":30623582,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6296578,"first_name":"Tara","last_name":"Wernsing","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TaraWernsing","display_name":"Tara Wernsing","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TaraWernsing?f_ri=39","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6296578/2660143/3096773/s65_tara.wernsing.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":38,"name":"Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Management?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":9401,"name":"Transformational Leadership","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transformational_Leadership?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":20471,"name":"Leadership Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Leadership_Development?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":49247,"name":"Higher Order Thinking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Higher_Order_Thinking?f_ri=39"},{"id":73149,"name":"Business and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management?f_ri=39"},{"id":98134,"name":"United States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States?f_ri=39"},{"id":104433,"name":"Predictive Validity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predictive_Validity?f_ri=39"},{"id":104434,"name":"Construct Validity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Construct_Validity?f_ri=39"},{"id":214510,"name":"Structural Equation Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Equation_Model?f_ri=39"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35061629" data-work_id="35061629" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/35061629/Contract_Opportunity_with_the_College_of_Mental_Health_Counselling_download_">Contract Opportunity with the College of Mental Health Counselling (download)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In order to accept this Student Recruiter agreement with the College of Mental Health Counselling, you must believe in and agree with the value of learning about counselling through the online course described at <a href="http://www.ctihalifax.com" rel="nofollow">www.ctihalifax.com</a>, and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35061629" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In order to accept this Student Recruiter agreement with the College of Mental Health Counselling, you must believe in and agree with the value of learning about counselling through the online course described at <a href="http://www.ctihalifax.com" rel="nofollow">www.ctihalifax.com</a>, and you must act in good faith accepting that the College will remunerate you as per the terms of this agreement in #5 below. Because a Student Recruiter must communicate the following, therefore completing the below steps is considered a Skill Test in order to qualify. When the College receives full tuition from your first referral, you will be considered a Student Recruiter.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35061629" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="dd23857c6700c3cf57d30ebca0616bf1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55028122,"asset_id":35061629,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55028122/download_file?st=MTczOTcwNTUwNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="345752" href="https://collegemhc.academia.edu/DanielKeeran">Daniel M Keeran MSW</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="345752" type="text/json">{"id":345752,"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Keeran MSW","domain_name":"collegemhc","page_name":"DanielKeeran","display_name":"Daniel M Keeran MSW","profile_url":"https://collegemhc.academia.edu/DanielKeeran?f_ri=39","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/345752/94042/30134256/s65_daniel.keeran_msw.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35061629 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35061629"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35061629, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35061629", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_35061629 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35061629; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_35061629"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_35061629 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="35061629"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35061629; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35061629]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35061629").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35061629").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35061629"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">47</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Creative_Writing">Creative Writing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1" type="text/json">{"id":1,"name":"Creative Writing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Creative_Writing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing">Marketing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="39" type="text/json">{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="109" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christianity">Christianity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="109" type="text/json">{"id":109,"name":"Christianity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christianity?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="113" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Buddhism">Buddhism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="113" type="text/json">{"id":113,"name":"Buddhism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Buddhism?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35061629]'), work: {"id":35061629,"title":"Contract Opportunity with the College of Mental Health Counselling (download)","created_at":"2017-11-05T15:29:45.704-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35061629/Contract_Opportunity_with_the_College_of_Mental_Health_Counselling_download_?f_ri=39","dom_id":"work_35061629","summary":"In order to accept this Student Recruiter agreement with the College of Mental Health Counselling, you must believe in and agree with the value of learning about counselling through the online course described at www.ctihalifax.com, and you must act in good faith accepting that the College will remunerate you as per the terms of this agreement in #5 below. Because a Student Recruiter must communicate the following, therefore completing the below steps is considered a Skill Test in order to qualify. When the College receives full tuition from your first referral, you will be considered a Student Recruiter.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55028122,"asset_id":35061629,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":345752,"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Keeran MSW","domain_name":"collegemhc","page_name":"DanielKeeran","display_name":"Daniel M Keeran MSW","profile_url":"https://collegemhc.academia.edu/DanielKeeran?f_ri=39","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/345752/94042/30134256/s65_daniel.keeran_msw.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1,"name":"Creative 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href="https://www.academia.edu/22133727/Intimacy_Anger_and_Insecure_Attachment_as_Precursors_of_Abuse_in_Intimate_Relationships1">Intimacy-Anger and Insecure Attachment as Precursors of Abuse in Intimate Relationships1</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Intimacy-anger and attachment 3 Abstract One hundred and twenty men referred for treatment for wife assault and forty demographic controls completed self-report questionnaires assessing attachment patterns, anger, jealousy, Borderline... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_22133727" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Intimacy-anger and attachment 3 Abstract One hundred and twenty men referred for treatment for wife assault and forty demographic controls completed self-report questionnaires assessing attachment patterns, anger, jealousy, Borderline Personality Organization and trauma symptoms. This constellation, with the exception of attachment, has been found to represent a profile related significantly to frequency of both verbal and physical abuse. In the present study, attachment was found to correlate significantly with these other measures. A measure of secure attachment correlated significantly but negatively with the constellation measures. A measure of fearful attachment correlated significantly and positively.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22133727" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="07a04bbbfb9f5243a0e42f20b6675295" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42800083,"asset_id":22133727,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42800083/download_file?st=MTczOTcwNTUwNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="43322153" href="https://dal.academia.edu/AndrewStarzomski">Andrew Starzomski</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="43322153" type="text/json">{"id":43322153,"first_name":"Andrew","last_name":"Starzomski","domain_name":"dal","page_name":"AndrewStarzomski","display_name":"Andrew Starzomski","profile_url":"https://dal.academia.edu/AndrewStarzomski?f_ri=39","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_22133727 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="22133727"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 22133727, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_22133727", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=22133727]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_22133727").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_22133727").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="22133727"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing">Marketing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="39" type="text/json">{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="72175" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Social_Psychology">Applied Social Psychology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="72175" type="text/json">{"id":72175,"name":"Applied Social Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Social_Psychology?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22133727]'), work: {"id":22133727,"title":"Intimacy-Anger and Insecure Attachment as Precursors of Abuse in Intimate Relationships1","created_at":"2016-02-18T04:56:07.066-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22133727/Intimacy_Anger_and_Insecure_Attachment_as_Precursors_of_Abuse_in_Intimate_Relationships1?f_ri=39","dom_id":"work_22133727","summary":"Intimacy-anger and attachment 3 Abstract One hundred and twenty men referred for treatment for wife assault and forty demographic controls completed self-report questionnaires assessing attachment patterns, anger, jealousy, Borderline Personality Organization and trauma symptoms. This constellation, with the exception of attachment, has been found to represent a profile related significantly to frequency of both verbal and physical abuse. In the present study, attachment was found to correlate significantly with these other measures. A measure of secure attachment correlated significantly but negatively with the constellation measures. A measure of fearful attachment correlated significantly and positively.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42800083,"asset_id":22133727,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":43322153,"first_name":"Andrew","last_name":"Starzomski","domain_name":"dal","page_name":"AndrewStarzomski","display_name":"Andrew Starzomski","profile_url":"https://dal.academia.edu/AndrewStarzomski?f_ri=39","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":72175,"name":"Applied Social Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Social_Psychology?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":96502,"name":"Applied","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied?f_ri=39"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_16378227" data-work_id="16378227" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16378227/Intellectual_capital_and_business_performance_in_the_Portuguese_banking_industry">Intellectual capital and business performance in the Portuguese banking industry</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Previous empirical studies confirm that intellectual capital has a significant and substantive impact on performance. The purpose of this research is to examine the inter-relationships and interactions among intellectual capital... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_16378227" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Previous empirical studies confirm that intellectual capital has a significant and substantive impact on performance. The purpose of this research is to examine the inter-relationships and interactions among intellectual capital components and business performance in the Portuguese banking industry. The concept of relational capital was extended to include 'stakeholder orientation' items. Model development and hypothesis testing was conducted using PLS on a sample of 253 respondents from 53 organisations. Results show a confirmation of previous studies as it relates to hypothesis testing but a difference in psychometric item evaluation given the unique geographical and sectoral context. Recommendations are then made for researchers and practitioners.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/16378227" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4932250cf4eca89a2d672b92f700f2cc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42506786,"asset_id":16378227,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42506786/download_file?st=MTczOTcwNTUwNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="18007187" href="https://unl-pt.academia.edu/MariaCabrita">Maria Cabrita</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="18007187" type="text/json">{"id":18007187,"first_name":"Maria","last_name":"Cabrita","domain_name":"unl-pt","page_name":"MariaCabrita","display_name":"Maria Cabrita","profile_url":"https://unl-pt.academia.edu/MariaCabrita?f_ri=39","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_16378227 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="16378227"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 16378227, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_16378227", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=16378227]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_16378227").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_16378227").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="16378227"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">25</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing">Marketing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="39" type="text/json">{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="383" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies">European Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="383" type="text/json">{"id":383,"name":"European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6416" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Resource_Management">Human Resource Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6416" type="text/json">{"id":6416,"name":"Human Resource Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Resource_Management?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7055" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology_Management">Technology Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7055" type="text/json">{"id":7055,"name":"Technology Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology_Management?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=16378227]'), work: {"id":16378227,"title":"Intellectual capital and business performance in the Portuguese banking industry","created_at":"2015-10-01T15:09:26.975-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/16378227/Intellectual_capital_and_business_performance_in_the_Portuguese_banking_industry?f_ri=39","dom_id":"work_16378227","summary":"Previous empirical studies confirm that intellectual capital has a significant and substantive impact on performance. The purpose of this research is to examine the inter-relationships and interactions among intellectual capital components and business performance in the Portuguese banking industry. The concept of relational capital was extended to include 'stakeholder orientation' items. Model development and hypothesis testing was conducted using PLS on a sample of 253 respondents from 53 organisations. Results show a confirmation of previous studies as it relates to hypothesis testing but a difference in psychometric item evaluation given the unique geographical and sectoral context. Recommendations are then made for researchers and practitioners.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42506786,"asset_id":16378227,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":18007187,"first_name":"Maria","last_name":"Cabrita","domain_name":"unl-pt","page_name":"MariaCabrita","display_name":"Maria Cabrita","profile_url":"https://unl-pt.academia.edu/MariaCabrita?f_ri=39","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":383,"name":"European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":6416,"name":"Human Resource Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Resource_Management?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":7055,"name":"Technology Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology_Management?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":14042,"name":"Human Capital","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Capital?f_ri=39"},{"id":17580,"name":"Human Resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Resources?f_ri=39"},{"id":18845,"name":"Environmental Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability?f_ri=39"},{"id":28013,"name":"Capital Structure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Capital_Structure?f_ri=39"},{"id":38992,"name":"Manufacturing systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Manufacturing_systems?f_ri=39"},{"id":43883,"name":"Tourism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tourism?f_ri=39"},{"id":46182,"name":"Pharmaceutical industry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_industry?f_ri=39"},{"id":59792,"name":"Intellectual Capital","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_Capital?f_ri=39"},{"id":73149,"name":"Business and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management?f_ri=39"},{"id":142090,"name":"Intellectual","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual?f_ri=39"},{"id":159687,"name":"Design Methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Design_Methodology?f_ri=39"},{"id":160939,"name":"Path Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Path_Analysis?f_ri=39"},{"id":212989,"name":"Service industry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Service_industry?f_ri=39"},{"id":219474,"name":"Empirical Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Empirical_Study?f_ri=39"},{"id":221816,"name":"Capital Intelectual","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Capital_Intelectual?f_ri=39"},{"id":235574,"name":"Model development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Model_development?f_ri=39"},{"id":296397,"name":"Business performance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_performance?f_ri=39"},{"id":324056,"name":"Banking Industry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Banking_Industry?f_ri=39"},{"id":623396,"name":"Manufacturing System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Manufacturing_System?f_ri=39"},{"id":1343804,"name":"Partial Least Square","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Partial_Least_Square?f_ri=39"},{"id":1638698,"name":"Management decision","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Management_decision?f_ri=39"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9616584" data-work_id="9616584" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9616584/The_Role_of_Strategic_Conversations_with_Stakeholders_in_the_Formation_of_Corporate_Social_Responsibility_Strategy">The Role of Strategic Conversations with Stakeholders in the Formation of Corporate Social Responsibility Strategy</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper explores the role of strategic conversations in corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategy formation. The authors suggest that explicitly engaging stakeholders in the CSR strategy-making process, through the mechanism of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9616584" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper explores the role of strategic conversations in corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategy formation. The authors suggest that explicitly engaging stakeholders in the CSR strategy-making process, through the mechanism of strategic conversations, will minimize future stakeholder concerns and enhance CSR strategy making. In addition, suggestions for future research are offered to enable a better understanding of effective strategic conversation processes in CSR strategy making and the resulting performance outcomes.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9616584" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="178a8c0911594997e0523318a3610fb2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47704208,"asset_id":9616584,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47704208/download_file?st=MTczOTcwNTUwNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="22865646" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MorganMiles">Morgan Miles</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="22865646" type="text/json">{"id":22865646,"first_name":"Morgan","last_name":"Miles","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MorganMiles","display_name":"Morgan Miles","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MorganMiles?f_ri=39","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9616584 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9616584"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9616584, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9616584", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_9616584 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9616584; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_9616584"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_9616584 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="9616584"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9616584; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9616584]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_9616584").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_9616584").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="9616584"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing">Marketing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="39" type="text/json">{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="46" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Ethics">Business Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="46" type="text/json">{"id":46,"name":"Business Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Ethics?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="906" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics">Applied Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="906" type="text/json">{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1452" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_Social_Responsibility">Corporate Social Responsibility</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1452" type="text/json">{"id":1452,"name":"Corporate Social Responsibility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_Social_Responsibility?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9616584]'), work: {"id":9616584,"title":"The Role of Strategic Conversations with Stakeholders in the Formation of Corporate Social Responsibility Strategy","created_at":"2014-12-03T21:38:22.942-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9616584/The_Role_of_Strategic_Conversations_with_Stakeholders_in_the_Formation_of_Corporate_Social_Responsibility_Strategy?f_ri=39","dom_id":"work_9616584","summary":"This paper explores the role of strategic conversations in corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategy formation. The authors suggest that explicitly engaging stakeholders in the CSR strategy-making process, through the mechanism of strategic conversations, will minimize future stakeholder concerns and enhance CSR strategy making. In addition, suggestions for future research are offered to enable a better understanding of effective strategic conversation processes in CSR strategy making and the resulting performance outcomes.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47704208,"asset_id":9616584,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":22865646,"first_name":"Morgan","last_name":"Miles","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MorganMiles","display_name":"Morgan Miles","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MorganMiles?f_ri=39","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":46,"name":"Business Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Ethics?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":1452,"name":"Corporate Social Responsibility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_Social_Responsibility?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":69003,"name":"Socially-responsible Investing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socially-responsible_Investing?f_ri=39"},{"id":73149,"name":"Business and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management?f_ri=39"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_64934662" data-work_id="64934662" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/64934662/Multiculturalism_within_individuals_A_review_critique_and_agenda_for_future_research">Multiculturalism within individuals: A review, critique, and agenda for future research</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In a globally connected world, it is increasingly common for individuals to belong to and be influenced by more than one culture. Based on a critique of conceptualizations from psychology, management, marketing, anthropology, and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_64934662" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In a globally connected world, it is increasingly common for individuals to belong to and be influenced by more than one culture. Based on a critique of conceptualizations from psychology, management, marketing, anthropology, and sociology, we bring clarity and consistency to conceptualizing and measuring multiculturalism at the individual level. We propose that individual-level multiculturalism is the degree to which someone has knowledge of, identification with, and internalization of more than one societal culture, and recommend methods to measure each dimension. Finally, we suggest how individual-level multiculturalism influences, and is influenced by, social networks and power dynamics in international organizations.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/64934662" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d99584bcea57c2b273ac4b9f5aa896eb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":76739952,"asset_id":64934662,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76739952/download_file?st=MTczOTcwNTUwNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5602764" href="https://lse.academia.edu/SalmaRaheem">Salma Raheem</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5602764" type="text/json">{"id":5602764,"first_name":"Salma","last_name":"Raheem","domain_name":"lse","page_name":"SalmaRaheem","display_name":"Salma Raheem","profile_url":"https://lse.academia.edu/SalmaRaheem?f_ri=39","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5602764/2447198/6619888/s65_salma.raheem.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_64934662 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="64934662"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 64934662, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_64934662", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=64934662]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_64934662").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_64934662").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="64934662"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing">Marketing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="39" type="text/json">{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27659" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Economics">Applied Economics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27659" type="text/json">{"id":27659,"name":"Applied Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Economics?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73149" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management">Business and Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="73149" type="text/json">{"id":73149,"name":"Business and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="99975" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_studies">Business studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="99975" type="text/json">{"id":99975,"name":"Business studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_studies?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=64934662]'), work: {"id":64934662,"title":"Multiculturalism within individuals: A review, critique, and agenda for future research","created_at":"2021-12-17T23:33:56.862-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/64934662/Multiculturalism_within_individuals_A_review_critique_and_agenda_for_future_research?f_ri=39","dom_id":"work_64934662","summary":"In a globally connected world, it is increasingly common for individuals to belong to and be influenced by more than one culture. Based on a critique of conceptualizations from psychology, management, marketing, anthropology, and sociology, we bring clarity and consistency to conceptualizing and measuring multiculturalism at the individual level. We propose that individual-level multiculturalism is the degree to which someone has knowledge of, identification with, and internalization of more than one societal culture, and recommend methods to measure each dimension. Finally, we suggest how individual-level multiculturalism influences, and is influenced by, social networks and power dynamics in international organizations.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":76739952,"asset_id":64934662,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5602764,"first_name":"Salma","last_name":"Raheem","domain_name":"lse","page_name":"SalmaRaheem","display_name":"Salma Raheem","profile_url":"https://lse.academia.edu/SalmaRaheem?f_ri=39","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5602764/2447198/6619888/s65_salma.raheem.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":27659,"name":"Applied Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Economics?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":73149,"name":"Business and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":99975,"name":"Business studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_studies?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2569729" data-work_id="2569729" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2569729/Gender_differences_in_verbal_ability_A_meta_analysis">Gender differences in verbal ability: A meta-analysis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2569729" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="023dba29c3667734edf166db7f904a41" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50566816,"asset_id":2569729,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50566816/download_file?st=MTczOTcwNTUwNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2484280" href="https://berkeley.academia.edu/MarciaLinn">Marcia Linn</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2484280" type="text/json">{"id":2484280,"first_name":"Marcia","last_name":"Linn","domain_name":"berkeley","page_name":"MarciaLinn","display_name":"Marcia Linn","profile_url":"https://berkeley.academia.edu/MarciaLinn?f_ri=39","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2484280/776635/965061/s65_marcia.linn.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2569729 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2569729"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2569729, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2569729", }); 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This Paper will explain how new marketing strategy as new alternative to sell Fiber Blend.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34694723" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c5bbaeeae4577975955b237383c0ac7b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54553370,"asset_id":34694723,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54553370/download_file?st=MTczOTcwNTUwNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="49500943" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BagusPriambodoDewanto">Bagus Priambodo Dewanto</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="49500943" type="text/json">{"id":49500943,"first_name":"Bagus","last_name":"Priambodo Dewanto","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BagusPriambodoDewanto","display_name":"Bagus Priambodo Dewanto","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BagusPriambodoDewanto?f_ri=39","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/49500943/17841125/17856962/s65_bagus.priambodo_dewanto.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34694723 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34694723"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34694723, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34694723", }); 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A framework for using co-branding to leverage a brand</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25684576" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="873aa79f61c300e082312c41af492d79" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46024949,"asset_id":25684576,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46024949/download_file?st=MTczOTcwNTUwNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="49359338" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RajneeshSuri">Rajneesh Suri</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="49359338" type="text/json">{"id":49359338,"first_name":"Rajneesh","last_name":"Suri","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RajneeshSuri","display_name":"Rajneesh Suri","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RajneeshSuri?f_ri=39","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_25684576 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="25684576"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25684576, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_25684576", }); 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A framework for using co-branding to leverage a brand","created_at":"2016-05-28T12:45:52.730-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/25684576/2_2_5_A_framework_for_using_co_branding_to_leverage_a_brand?f_ri=39","dom_id":"work_25684576","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46024949,"asset_id":25684576,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":49359338,"first_name":"Rajneesh","last_name":"Suri","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RajneeshSuri","display_name":"Rajneesh Suri","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RajneeshSuri?f_ri=39","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":1300,"name":"Brand Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brand_Management?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":73149,"name":"Business and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_59147049" data-work_id="59147049" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/59147049/The_Common_Values_of_Social_Media_Marketing_and_Luxury_Brands_The_Millennials_and_Generation_Z_Perspective">The Common Values of Social Media Marketing and Luxury Brands. The Millennials and Generation Z Perspective</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">As consumers spend more time on social media, brands can take advantage of this opportunity to better serve and communicate with their followers. Still, given the characteristics of luxury, luxury brands may be reluctant to use social... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_59147049" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">As consumers spend more time on social media, brands can take advantage of this opportunity to better serve and communicate with their followers. Still, given the characteristics of luxury, luxury brands may be reluctant to use social media. To determine the extent to which Millennials and Generation Z consumers perceive compatibility between social media marketing and luxury brands, a purposive sampling technique was employed. We collected data from 303 Romanian visitors of the Facebook page entitled Do You Like Luxury? This page, with postings from luxury producers, was specially created and sponsored in order to raise interest in completing the questionnaires. For data analysis, we used statistical tests, including confirmatory factorial analysis, regression, and independent-samples t-test. Our research shows that, for Millennials and Generation Z, luxury brands are compatible with social media apps as marketing channels. Even in the case of inadequacy, managers can still use the...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/59147049" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3096b330e42d150869279c50058659dc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":73220812,"asset_id":59147049,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/73220812/download_file?st=MTczOTcwNTUwNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="152985187" href="https://universitateadevest.academia.edu/AmadeaAgapie">Amadea Agapie</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="152985187" type="text/json">{"id":152985187,"first_name":"Amadea","last_name":"Agapie","domain_name":"universitateadevest","page_name":"AmadeaAgapie","display_name":"Amadea Agapie","profile_url":"https://universitateadevest.academia.edu/AmadeaAgapie?f_ri=39","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_59147049 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="59147049"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 59147049, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_59147049", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_59147049 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 59147049; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_59147049"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_59147049 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="59147049"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 59147049; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=59147049]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_59147049").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_59147049").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="59147049"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Systems">Information Systems</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="37" type="text/json">{"id":37,"name":"Information Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Systems?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing">Marketing</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="39" type="text/json">{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=59147049]'), work: {"id":59147049,"title":"The Common Values of Social Media Marketing and Luxury Brands. The Millennials and Generation Z Perspective","created_at":"2021-10-20T12:41:06.001-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/59147049/The_Common_Values_of_Social_Media_Marketing_and_Luxury_Brands_The_Millennials_and_Generation_Z_Perspective?f_ri=39","dom_id":"work_59147049","summary":"As consumers spend more time on social media, brands can take advantage of this opportunity to better serve and communicate with their followers. Still, given the characteristics of luxury, luxury brands may be reluctant to use social media. To determine the extent to which Millennials and Generation Z consumers perceive compatibility between social media marketing and luxury brands, a purposive sampling technique was employed. We collected data from 303 Romanian visitors of the Facebook page entitled Do You Like Luxury? This page, with postings from luxury producers, was specially created and sponsored in order to raise interest in completing the questionnaires. For data analysis, we used statistical tests, including confirmatory factorial analysis, regression, and independent-samples t-test. Our research shows that, for Millennials and Generation Z, luxury brands are compatible with social media apps as marketing channels. Even in the case of inadequacy, managers can still use the...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":73220812,"asset_id":59147049,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":152985187,"first_name":"Amadea","last_name":"Agapie","domain_name":"universitateadevest","page_name":"AmadeaAgapie","display_name":"Amadea Agapie","profile_url":"https://universitateadevest.academia.edu/AmadeaAgapie?f_ri=39","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":37,"name":"Information Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Systems?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_19981443" data-work_id="19981443" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19981443/Institutional_Theory_and_Entrepreneurship_Where_Are_We_Now_and_Where_Do_We_Need_to_Move_in_the_Future">Institutional Theory and Entrepreneurship: Where Are We Now and Where Do We Need to Move in the Future?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Institutional theory is an increasingly utilized theoretical lens for entrepreneurship research. However, while institutional theory has proven highly useful, its use has reached a point that there is a need to establish a clearer... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_19981443" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Institutional theory is an increasingly utilized theoretical lens for entrepreneurship research. However, while institutional theory has proven highly useful, its use has reached a point that there is a need to establish a clearer understanding of its wide-ranging application to entrepreneurship research. Therefore, we will initially review the existing entrepreneurship literature that employs institutional theory to both understand the current status of the field, its current shortcomings, and where we need to move in the future. We then summarize and discuss the articles in this special issue and how they contribute to this process of advancing institutional theory and its application in entrepreneurship research.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19981443" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ceb1faa28c68baa82546dcfa43a14a1b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41227804,"asset_id":19981443,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41227804/download_file?st=MTczOTcwNTUwNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="28907150" href="https://hkmu-hk.academia.edu/DavidAhlstrom">David Ahlstrom</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="28907150" type="text/json">{"id":28907150,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Ahlstrom","domain_name":"hkmu-hk","page_name":"DavidAhlstrom","display_name":"David Ahlstrom","profile_url":"https://hkmu-hk.academia.edu/DavidAhlstrom?f_ri=39","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/28907150/37799732/31853330/s65_david.ahlstrom.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_19981443 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="19981443"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19981443, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_19981443", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_19981443 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19981443; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_19981443"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_19981443 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="19981443"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19981443; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19981443]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_19981443").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_19981443").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="19981443"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing">Marketing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="39" type="text/json">{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5975" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Institutional_Theory">Institutional Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5975" type="text/json">{"id":5975,"name":"Institutional Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Institutional_Theory?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73149" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management">Business and Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="73149" type="text/json">{"id":73149,"name":"Business and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=19981443]'), work: {"id":19981443,"title":"Institutional Theory and Entrepreneurship: Where Are We Now and Where Do We Need to Move in the Future?","created_at":"2016-01-03T07:59:43.453-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/19981443/Institutional_Theory_and_Entrepreneurship_Where_Are_We_Now_and_Where_Do_We_Need_to_Move_in_the_Future?f_ri=39","dom_id":"work_19981443","summary":"Institutional theory is an increasingly utilized theoretical lens for entrepreneurship research. However, while institutional theory has proven highly useful, its use has reached a point that there is a need to establish a clearer understanding of its wide-ranging application to entrepreneurship research. Therefore, we will initially review the existing entrepreneurship literature that employs institutional theory to both understand the current status of the field, its current shortcomings, and where we need to move in the future. We then summarize and discuss the articles in this special issue and how they contribute to this process of advancing institutional theory and its application in entrepreneurship research.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41227804,"asset_id":19981443,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":28907150,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Ahlstrom","domain_name":"hkmu-hk","page_name":"DavidAhlstrom","display_name":"David Ahlstrom","profile_url":"https://hkmu-hk.academia.edu/DavidAhlstrom?f_ri=39","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/28907150/37799732/31853330/s65_david.ahlstrom.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":5975,"name":"Institutional Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Institutional_Theory?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":73149,"name":"Business and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28851490" data-work_id="28851490" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28851490/Project_marketing_Beyond_competitive_bidding_strategies">Project marketing: Beyond competitive bidding strategies</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A project has been defined as a ";I complex transaction covering n direct package of products, scrviccs and other actions designed specifically to crcatc capital assets that produce benefits for the buyer over an cxtcnded period of time"... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_28851490" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A project has been defined as a ";I complex transaction covering n direct package of products, scrviccs and other actions designed specifically to crcatc capital assets that produce benefits for the buyer over an cxtcnded period of time" (COW and Holstius. 1990). This includes for instance the salt of huge systems in such industries as Aerospace. Construction, Energy.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28851490" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9a51f578b62347d9d8f9f62ede078500" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49271698,"asset_id":28851490,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49271698/download_file?st=MTczOTcwNTUwNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="54235569" href="https://bham.academia.edu/PervezGhauri">Pervez Ghauri</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="54235569" type="text/json">{"id":54235569,"first_name":"Pervez","last_name":"Ghauri","domain_name":"bham","page_name":"PervezGhauri","display_name":"Pervez Ghauri","profile_url":"https://bham.academia.edu/PervezGhauri?f_ri=39","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/54235569/14386799/15305661/s65_pervez.ghauri.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28851490 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28851490"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28851490, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28851490", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28851490]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_28851490").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_28851490").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="28851490"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business">Business</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26" type="text/json">{"id":26,"name":"Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing">Marketing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="39" type="text/json">{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73149" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management">Business and Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="73149" type="text/json">{"id":73149,"name":"Business and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=28851490]'), work: {"id":28851490,"title":"Project marketing: Beyond competitive bidding strategies","created_at":"2016-10-01T10:59:12.889-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/28851490/Project_marketing_Beyond_competitive_bidding_strategies?f_ri=39","dom_id":"work_28851490","summary":"A project has been defined as a \";I complex transaction covering n direct package of products, scrviccs and other actions designed specifically to crcatc capital assets that produce benefits for the buyer over an cxtcnded period of time\" (COW and Holstius. 1990). This includes for instance the salt of huge systems in such industries as Aerospace. Construction, Energy.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49271698,"asset_id":28851490,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":54235569,"first_name":"Pervez","last_name":"Ghauri","domain_name":"bham","page_name":"PervezGhauri","display_name":"Pervez Ghauri","profile_url":"https://bham.academia.edu/PervezGhauri?f_ri=39","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/54235569/14386799/15305661/s65_pervez.ghauri.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":26,"name":"Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":73149,"name":"Business and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14052679 coauthored" data-work_id="14052679" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14052679/Possible_selves_and_delinquency">Possible selves and delinquency</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The relationship between possible selves and delinquency is explored. In this study, 238 youths between the ages of 13-16 who varied in the degree of their delinquency were asked to describe their possible selves. Although many... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14052679" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The relationship between possible selves and delinquency is explored. In this study, 238 youths between the ages of 13-16 who varied in the degree of their delinquency were asked to describe their possible selves. Although many similarities were found among their hoped-for selves, the groups of youth differed markedly in the nature of their expected and feared selves. The balance between expected possible selves and feared possible selves was the particular focus. Balance is hypothesized to occur when expected possible selves are offset by countervailing feared selves in the same domain (e.g., expecting a job, but fearing being unemployed). It was found that the officially nondelinquent youths were quite likely to display balance between their expectations and fears, unlike the most delinquent youth. In contrast, a conventional measure of self-esteem that indicates how people feel about themselves currently did not predict degree of delinquency.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14052679" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="759213df5871697ec3f399a080bdd211" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44656087,"asset_id":14052679,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44656087/download_file?st=MTczOTcwNTUwNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33100300" href="https://stanford.academia.edu/HazelMarkus">Hazel Markus</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33100300" type="text/json">{"id":33100300,"first_name":"Hazel","last_name":"Markus","domain_name":"stanford","page_name":"HazelMarkus","display_name":"Hazel Markus","profile_url":"https://stanford.academia.edu/HazelMarkus?f_ri=39","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-14052679">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-14052679"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://usc.academia.edu/DaphnaOyserman">Daphna Oyserman</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-14052679'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-14052679').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_14052679 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14052679"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14052679; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14052679]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14052679").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14052679").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14052679"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing">Marketing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="39" type="text/json">{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2599" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychometrics">Psychometrics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2599" type="text/json">{"id":2599,"name":"Psychometrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychometrics?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14052679]'), work: {"id":14052679,"title":"Possible selves and delinquency","created_at":"2015-07-14T14:41:12.158-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14052679/Possible_selves_and_delinquency?f_ri=39","dom_id":"work_14052679","summary":"The relationship between possible selves and delinquency is explored. In this study, 238 youths between the ages of 13-16 who varied in the degree of their delinquency were asked to describe their possible selves. Although many similarities were found among their hoped-for selves, the groups of youth differed markedly in the nature of their expected and feared selves. The balance between expected possible selves and feared possible selves was the particular focus. Balance is hypothesized to occur when expected possible selves are offset by countervailing feared selves in the same domain (e.g., expecting a job, but fearing being unemployed). It was found that the officially nondelinquent youths were quite likely to display balance between their expectations and fears, unlike the most delinquent youth. In contrast, a conventional measure of self-esteem that indicates how people feel about themselves currently did not predict degree of delinquency.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44656087,"asset_id":14052679,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33100300,"first_name":"Hazel","last_name":"Markus","domain_name":"stanford","page_name":"HazelMarkus","display_name":"Hazel Markus","profile_url":"https://stanford.academia.edu/HazelMarkus?f_ri=39","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":33071015,"first_name":"Daphna","last_name":"Oyserman","domain_name":"usc","page_name":"DaphnaOyserman","display_name":"Daphna Oyserman","profile_url":"https://usc.academia.edu/DaphnaOyserman?f_ri=39","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":2599,"name":"Psychometrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychometrics?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":4212,"name":"Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition?f_ri=39"},{"id":4793,"name":"Juvenile Delinquency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Juvenile_Delinquency?f_ri=39"},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=39"},{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=39"},{"id":46406,"name":"Motivation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motivation?f_ri=39"},{"id":50118,"name":"Representation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Representation?f_ri=39"},{"id":70855,"name":"Interview","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interview?f_ri=39"},{"id":73785,"name":"Personality Assessment Inventory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Personality_Assessment_Inventory?f_ri=39"},{"id":88878,"name":"Questionnaire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Questionnaire?f_ri=39"},{"id":95411,"name":"Personality Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Personality_Development?f_ri=39"},{"id":174464,"name":"Social Environment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Environment?f_ri=39"},{"id":239280,"name":"Self Evaluation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_Evaluation?f_ri=39"},{"id":294340,"name":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Journal_of_Personality_and_Social_Psychology?f_ri=39"},{"id":321147,"name":"Self Concept","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_Concept?f_ri=39"},{"id":729337,"name":"Covariance analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Covariance_analysis?f_ri=39"},{"id":1419742,"name":"Self Esteem","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_Esteem?f_ri=39"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_23957641" data-work_id="23957641" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23957641/Wealth_Warmth_and_Well_Being_Whether_Happiness_Is_Relative_or_Absolute_Depends_on_Whether_It_Is_About_Money_Acquisition_or_Consumption">Wealth, Warmth, and Well-Being: Whether Happiness Is Relative or Absolute Depends on Whether It Is About Money, Acquisition, or Consumption</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A central question in consumer and happiness research is whether happiness depends on absolute or relative levels of wealth and consumption. To address this question, the authors evaluate a finer level than overall happiness and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_23957641" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A central question in consumer and happiness research is whether happiness depends on absolute or relative levels of wealth and consumption. To address this question, the authors evaluate a finer level than overall happiness and distinguish three specific types of happiness: with money, with the acquisition of an item, and with the consumption of an item. They find that happiness with money and with acquisition is relative and that happiness with consumption can be either absolute or relative, depending on whether the consumption is inherently evaluable or not. Including both lab and field data, this research yields implications for how to increase consumer happiness from one generation to the next.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/23957641" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ce3138ff06431a5afd7fc4d08b0fb3e5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44344826,"asset_id":23957641,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44344826/download_file?st=MTczOTcwNTUwNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="46274298" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LuxiShen">Luxi Shen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="46274298" type="text/json">{"id":46274298,"first_name":"Luxi","last_name":"Shen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LuxiShen","display_name":"Luxi Shen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LuxiShen?f_ri=39","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_23957641 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="23957641"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 23957641, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_23957641", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_23957641 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 23957641; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_23957641"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_23957641 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="23957641"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 23957641; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=23957641]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_23957641").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_23957641").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="23957641"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing">Marketing</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="39" type="text/json">{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=23957641]'), work: {"id":23957641,"title":"Wealth, Warmth, and Well-Being: Whether Happiness Is Relative or Absolute Depends on Whether It Is About Money, Acquisition, or Consumption","created_at":"2016-04-02T22:25:28.944-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/23957641/Wealth_Warmth_and_Well_Being_Whether_Happiness_Is_Relative_or_Absolute_Depends_on_Whether_It_Is_About_Money_Acquisition_or_Consumption?f_ri=39","dom_id":"work_23957641","summary":"A central question in consumer and happiness research is whether happiness depends on absolute or relative levels of wealth and consumption. To address this question, the authors evaluate a finer level than overall happiness and distinguish three specific types of happiness: with money, with the acquisition of an item, and with the consumption of an item. They find that happiness with money and with acquisition is relative and that happiness with consumption can be either absolute or relative, depending on whether the consumption is inherently evaluable or not. 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The research study is among the very few that identifies and prioritizes the predictors of wholesale electronic trading platform adoption... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_50861422" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The digital e-trading platform is an ambitious and priority intervention in the agricultural sector. The research study is among the very few that identifies and prioritizes the predictors of wholesale electronic trading platform adoption in agricultural marketing. The research has been conducted in two phases—identification of predictors based on a scholarly articles’ review and generating the predictive function between the identified predictors and adoption using the multilayer perceptron neural networks method. A case study of the electronic national agriculture market platform is undertaken to understand the predictors in the context of a real project. The study has revealed significant predictors of priority (high to low) as fast transaction cycles, higher prices, easier to use, infrastructure availability, trust, social influence, low transaction costs and customer care. Post-adoption, the user expects to get benefits like transparency, quick trade settlement, reduced transaction cost, expanding the market reach, and increase in the product price realized by the farmer. The improvement in the critical predictors of the electronic trading platform may help the de-facto national initiative to succeed. In new markets, the prediction framework using the neural network may be used to identify users with the propensity to adopt e-commerce or digital initiatives in the agricultural sector and proactively approach them to get a high number of transactions—an essential ingredient of success. The digital e-trading initiative is a growth catalyst of Agriculture 4.0 and may transform the agricultural supply chain for the better.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/50861422" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="afdfbb2510d91c1f0795b24dad8ce46c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68738993,"asset_id":50861422,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68738993/download_file?st=MTczOTcwNTUwNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="30594387" href="https://upes.academia.edu/SanjayChaudhary">Sanjay Chaudhary</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="30594387" type="text/json">{"id":30594387,"first_name":"Sanjay","last_name":"Chaudhary","domain_name":"upes","page_name":"SanjayChaudhary","display_name":"Sanjay Chaudhary","profile_url":"https://upes.academia.edu/SanjayChaudhary?f_ri=39","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/30594387/14392366/29485742/s65_sanjay.chaudhary.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_50861422 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="50861422"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 50861422, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_50861422", }); 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The research study is among the very few that identifies and prioritizes the predictors of wholesale electronic trading platform adoption in agricultural marketing. The research has been conducted in two phases—identification of predictors based on a scholarly articles’ review and generating the predictive function between the identified predictors and adoption using the multilayer perceptron neural networks method. A case study of the electronic national agriculture market platform is undertaken to understand the predictors in the context of a real project. The study has revealed significant predictors of priority (high to low) as fast transaction cycles, higher prices, easier to use, infrastructure availability, trust, social influence, low transaction costs and customer care. Post-adoption, the user expects to get benefits like transparency, quick trade settlement, reduced transaction cost, expanding the market reach, and increase in the product price realized by the farmer. The improvement in the critical predictors of the electronic trading platform may help the de-facto national initiative to succeed. In new markets, the prediction framework using the neural network may be used to identify users with the propensity to adopt e-commerce or digital initiatives in the agricultural sector and proactively approach them to get a high number of transactions—an essential ingredient of success. The digital e-trading initiative is a growth catalyst of Agriculture 4.0 and may transform the agricultural supply chain for the better.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68738993,"asset_id":50861422,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false},{"id":69364438,"asset_id":50861422,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":30594387,"first_name":"Sanjay","last_name":"Chaudhary","domain_name":"upes","page_name":"SanjayChaudhary","display_name":"Sanjay Chaudhary","profile_url":"https://upes.academia.edu/SanjayChaudhary?f_ri=39","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/30594387/14392366/29485742/s65_sanjay.chaudhary.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":7312,"name":"Agricultural Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agricultural_Economics?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":317189,"name":"Infromation System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infromation_System?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":622592,"name":"E-Commerce","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/E-Commerce?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1433452" data-work_id="1433452" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1433452/The_field_behind_the_screen_using_netnography_for_marketing_research_in_online_communities">The field behind the screen: using netnography for marketing research in online communities</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1433452" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="10bd22b215c4f018e63cc02eea9aa0cc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":11010083,"asset_id":1433452,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/11010083/download_file?st=MTczOTcwNTUwNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="677813" href="https://usc.academia.edu/RobertKozinets">Robert Kozinets</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="677813" type="text/json">{"id":677813,"first_name":"Robert","last_name":"Kozinets","domain_name":"usc","page_name":"RobertKozinets","display_name":"Robert Kozinets","profile_url":"https://usc.academia.edu/RobertKozinets?f_ri=39","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/677813/235855/34003416/s65_robert.kozinets.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1433452 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1433452"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1433452, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1433452", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1433452]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1433452").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1433452").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1433452"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing">Marketing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="39" type="text/json">{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="186266" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Online_Community">Online Community</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="186266" type="text/json">{"id":186266,"name":"Online Community","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Online_Community?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1433452]'), work: {"id":1433452,"title":"The field behind the screen: using netnography for marketing research in online communities","created_at":"2012-02-25T01:28:59.755-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1433452/The_field_behind_the_screen_using_netnography_for_marketing_research_in_online_communities?f_ri=39","dom_id":"work_1433452","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":11010083,"asset_id":1433452,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":677813,"first_name":"Robert","last_name":"Kozinets","domain_name":"usc","page_name":"RobertKozinets","display_name":"Robert Kozinets","profile_url":"https://usc.academia.edu/RobertKozinets?f_ri=39","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/677813/235855/34003416/s65_robert.kozinets.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":186266,"name":"Online Community","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Online_Community?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_15907580" data-work_id="15907580" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15907580/Market_Strategies_for_Climate_Change">Market Strategies for Climate Change</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The issue of climate change has attracted increasing business attention in the past decade. Whereas companies initially aimed primarily at influencing the policy debate, corporate strategies increasingly include economic responses.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_15907580" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The issue of climate change has attracted increasing business attention in the past decade. Whereas companies initially aimed primarily at influencing the policy debate, corporate strategies increasingly include economic responses. Existing classifications for climate change strategies however still reflect the political, non-market components. Using empirical information from the largest multinational companies worldwide, this article examines current market responses, focusing on the drivers (threats and opportunities) and the actions being taken by companies to address climate change. It also develops a typology of climate strategies that addresses the market dimensions, covering both the aim (strategic intent) and the degree of cooperation (form of organisation). The aim turns out to be either innovation or compensation, while the organisational arrangements to reach this objective can be oriented at the company level (internal), at companies' own supply chain (vertical) or at cooperation with other companies (competitors or companies in other sectorshorizontal). The typology can assist managers in deciding about the strategic option(s) they want to choose regarding climate change, also based on the insights offered by the paper about the current state of activities of other companies worldwide. </div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15907580" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8c62edffc2bd1933d4454b26799e7d90" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42831054,"asset_id":15907580,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42831054/download_file?st=MTczOTcwNTUwNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="35067465" href="https://uva.academia.edu/AnsKolk">Ans Kolk</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="35067465" type="text/json">{"id":35067465,"first_name":"Ans","last_name":"Kolk","domain_name":"uva","page_name":"AnsKolk","display_name":"Ans Kolk","profile_url":"https://uva.academia.edu/AnsKolk?f_ri=39","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_15907580 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="15907580"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 15907580, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_15907580", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_15907580 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15907580; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_15907580"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_15907580 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="15907580"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15907580; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=15907580]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_15907580").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_15907580").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="15907580"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Systems">Information Systems</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="37" type="text/json">{"id":37,"name":"Information Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Systems?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing">Marketing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="39" type="text/json">{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1512" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change">Climate Change</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1512" type="text/json">{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23311" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing_Strategy">Marketing Strategy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="23311" type="text/json">{"id":23311,"name":"Marketing Strategy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing_Strategy?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=15907580]'), work: {"id":15907580,"title":"Market Strategies for Climate Change","created_at":"2015-09-19T11:28:10.636-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/15907580/Market_Strategies_for_Climate_Change?f_ri=39","dom_id":"work_15907580","summary":"The issue of climate change has attracted increasing business attention in the past decade. Whereas companies initially aimed primarily at influencing the policy debate, corporate strategies increasingly include economic responses. Existing classifications for climate change strategies however still reflect the political, non-market components. Using empirical information from the largest multinational companies worldwide, this article examines current market responses, focusing on the drivers (threats and opportunities) and the actions being taken by companies to address climate change. It also develops a typology of climate strategies that addresses the market dimensions, covering both the aim (strategic intent) and the degree of cooperation (form of organisation). The aim turns out to be either innovation or compensation, while the organisational arrangements to reach this objective can be oriented at the company level (internal), at companies' own supply chain (vertical) or at cooperation with other companies (competitors or companies in other sectorshorizontal). The typology can assist managers in deciding about the strategic option(s) they want to choose regarding climate change, also based on the insights offered by the paper about the current state of activities of other companies worldwide. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42831054,"asset_id":15907580,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":35067465,"first_name":"Ans","last_name":"Kolk","domain_name":"uva","page_name":"AnsKolk","display_name":"Ans Kolk","profile_url":"https://uva.academia.edu/AnsKolk?f_ri=39","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":37,"name":"Information Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Systems?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":23311,"name":"Marketing Strategy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing_Strategy?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":24699,"name":"Supply Chain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Supply_Chain?f_ri=39"},{"id":51267,"name":"Corporate Strategy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_Strategy?f_ri=39"},{"id":73149,"name":"Business and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management?f_ri=39"},{"id":481779,"name":"Multinational Companies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multinational_Companies?f_ri=39"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_51649722" data-work_id="51649722" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/51649722/Barbara_Kellerman_There_s_a_better_way_to_train_leaders">Barbara Kellerman: There’s a better way to train leaders</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Purpose Harvard authority on leadership, Barbara Kellerman, indicts the deficiencies of the leadership industry and she argues that we can do better. Design/methodology/approach This interview offers a bold prescription for training... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_51649722" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Purpose Harvard authority on leadership, Barbara Kellerman, indicts the deficiencies of the leadership industry and she argues that we can do better. Design/methodology/approach This interview offers a bold prescription for training effective leaders[4]. Findings To be effective, the leadership development process must adopt and achieve three goals: educate leaders, train leaders and develop leaders. Practical implications Bad leadership puts on vivid display the unbreakable link between leaders and followers – a link that the leadership industry willfully ignores precisely because there’s no money in it. Social implications There is precious little evidence that the leadership industry has in any meaningful, measurable way benefited society. Originality/value A “no holds barred” look at the leadership training industry and some potent suggestions on how to improve it.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/51649722" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d9b1ad8b4e3a7498c4b2bc8bc559c2fa" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":69280820,"asset_id":51649722,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/69280820/download_file?st=MTczOTcwNTUwNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="66458008" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RobertAllio">Robert Allio</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="66458008" type="text/json">{"id":66458008,"first_name":"Robert","last_name":"Allio","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RobertAllio","display_name":"Robert Allio","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RobertAllio?f_ri=39","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_51649722 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="51649722"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 51649722, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_51649722", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=51649722]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_51649722").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_51649722").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="51649722"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing">Marketing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="39" type="text/json">{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73149" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management">Business and Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="73149" type="text/json">{"id":73149,"name":"Business and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="762114" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/LEADERSHIP_STRATEGY">LEADERSHIP STRATEGY</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="762114" type="text/json">{"id":762114,"name":"LEADERSHIP STRATEGY","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/LEADERSHIP_STRATEGY?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=51649722]'), work: {"id":51649722,"title":"Barbara Kellerman: There’s a better way to train leaders","created_at":"2021-09-09T15:41:55.034-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/51649722/Barbara_Kellerman_There_s_a_better_way_to_train_leaders?f_ri=39","dom_id":"work_51649722","summary":"Purpose Harvard authority on leadership, Barbara Kellerman, indicts the deficiencies of the leadership industry and she argues that we can do better. Design/methodology/approach This interview offers a bold prescription for training effective leaders[4]. Findings To be effective, the leadership development process must adopt and achieve three goals: educate leaders, train leaders and develop leaders. Practical implications Bad leadership puts on vivid display the unbreakable link between leaders and followers – a link that the leadership industry willfully ignores precisely because there’s no money in it. Social implications There is precious little evidence that the leadership industry has in any meaningful, measurable way benefited society. Originality/value A “no holds barred” look at the leadership training industry and some potent suggestions on how to improve it.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":69280820,"asset_id":51649722,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":66458008,"first_name":"Robert","last_name":"Allio","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RobertAllio","display_name":"Robert Allio","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RobertAllio?f_ri=39","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":73149,"name":"Business and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":762114,"name":"LEADERSHIP STRATEGY","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/LEADERSHIP_STRATEGY?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_15196460" data-work_id="15196460" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15196460/Teams_in_Organizations_From_Input_Process_Output_Models_to_IMOI_Models">Teams in Organizations: From Input-Process-Output Models to IMOI Models</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This review examines research and theory relevant to work groups and teams typically embedded in organizations and existing over time, although many studies reviewed were conducted in other settings, including the laboratory. Research was... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_15196460" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This review examines research and theory relevant to work groups and teams typically embedded in organizations and existing over time, although many studies reviewed were conducted in other settings, including the laboratory. Research was organized around a two-dimensional system based on time and the nature of explanatory mechanisms that mediated between team inputs and outcomes. These mechanisms were affective, behavioral, cognitive, or some combination of the three. Recent theoretical and methodological work is discussed that has advanced our understanding of teams as complex, multilevel systems that function over time, tasks, and contexts. The state of both the empirical and theoretical work is compared as to its impact on present knowledge and future directions.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15196460" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6bf047c5cf9b50eeaae4b4821e2581cb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43446654,"asset_id":15196460,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43446654/download_file?st=MTczOTcwNTUwNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34256153" href="https://slu.academia.edu/DustinJundt">Dustin Jundt</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34256153" type="text/json">{"id":34256153,"first_name":"Dustin","last_name":"Jundt","domain_name":"slu","page_name":"DustinJundt","display_name":"Dustin Jundt","profile_url":"https://slu.academia.edu/DustinJundt?f_ri=39","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/34256153/44403682/34967186/s65_dustin.jundt.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_15196460 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="15196460"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 15196460, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_15196460", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=15196460]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_15196460").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_15196460").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="15196460"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing">Marketing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="39" type="text/json">{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2919" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organizational_Culture">Organizational Culture</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2919" type="text/json">{"id":2919,"name":"Organizational Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organizational_Culture?f_ri=39","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=15196460]'), work: {"id":15196460,"title":"Teams in Organizations: From Input-Process-Output Models to IMOI Models","created_at":"2015-08-26T07:37:47.269-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/15196460/Teams_in_Organizations_From_Input_Process_Output_Models_to_IMOI_Models?f_ri=39","dom_id":"work_15196460","summary":"This review examines research and theory relevant to work groups and teams typically embedded in organizations and existing over time, although many studies reviewed were conducted in other settings, including the laboratory. Research was organized around a two-dimensional system based on time and the nature of explanatory mechanisms that mediated between team inputs and outcomes. These mechanisms were affective, behavioral, cognitive, or some combination of the three. Recent theoretical and methodological work is discussed that has advanced our understanding of teams as complex, multilevel systems that function over time, tasks, and contexts. The state of both the empirical and theoretical work is compared as to its impact on present knowledge and future directions.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43446654,"asset_id":15196460,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34256153,"first_name":"Dustin","last_name":"Jundt","domain_name":"slu","page_name":"DustinJundt","display_name":"Dustin Jundt","profile_url":"https://slu.academia.edu/DustinJundt?f_ri=39","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/34256153/44403682/34967186/s65_dustin.jundt.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":2919,"name":"Organizational Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organizational_Culture?f_ri=39","nofollow":true},{"id":4212,"name":"Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition?f_ri=39"},{"id":40475,"name":"Helping Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Helping_Behavior?f_ri=39"},{"id":43774,"name":"Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Learning?f_ri=39"},{"id":172809,"name":"Interpersonal Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interpersonal_Relations?f_ri=39"},{"id":1153482,"name":"Cooperative Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cooperative_Behavior?f_ri=39"},{"id":1302828,"name":"Psychology Social","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology_Social?f_ri=39"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_289678" data-work_id="289678" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/289678/Being_Creative_at_the_Marketing_Entrepreneurship_Interface_Lessons_From_the_Art_Industry">Being Creative at the Marketing/Entrepreneurship Interface: Lessons From the Art Industry</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/289678" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c324c3da6beab1fed64afa3f053bb4d9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":1349337,"asset_id":289678,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/1349337/download_file?st=MTczOTcwNTUwNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="193855" href="https://stir.academia.edu/IanFillis">Ian Fillis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="193855" type="text/json">{"id":193855,"first_name":"Ian","last_name":"Fillis","domain_name":"stir","page_name":"IanFillis","display_name":"Ian Fillis","profile_url":"https://stir.academia.edu/IanFillis?f_ri=39","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_289678 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="289678"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 289678, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_289678", }); 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While there are many promotion strategies present already, it is important to know how to use those accordingly when dealing with NFTs. This blog... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_71796855" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">NFTs are becoming popular across creators, particularly digital artists and celebrities. While there are many promotion strategies present already, it is important to know how to use those accordingly when dealing with NFTs. 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