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<span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"The_Micropsychiatric_Applications_of_Thiotimoline"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"The_Micropsychiatric_Applications_of_Thiotimoline""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>"The Micropsychiatric Applications of Thiotimoline"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"The_Micropsychiatric_Applications_of_Thiotimoline"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Thiotimoline_and_the_Space_Age"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Thiotimoline_and_the_Space_Age""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>"Thiotimoline and the Space Age"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Thiotimoline_and_the_Space_Age"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Thiotimoline_to_the_Stars"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Thiotimoline_to_the_Stars""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>"Thiotimoline to the Stars"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Thiotimoline_to_the_Stars"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_references_to_thiotimoline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_references_to_thiotimoline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Other references to thiotimoline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_references_to_thiotimoline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a 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</div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Thiotimoline</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiotymolin" title="Thiotymolin – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Thiotymolin" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiotimolina" title="Tiotimolina – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tiotimolina" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiotimoline" title="Thiotimoline – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Thiotimoline" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%82%AA%E3%83%81%E3%83%A2%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3" title="チオチモリン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="チオチモリン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%96%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Тіотімолін – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тіотімолін" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2245959#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> 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class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>possibly contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thiotimoline&action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size:125%; background: #ededed;">"The Endochronic Properties of Resublimated Thiotimoline"</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight: bold; background:whitesmoke;"><a href="/wiki/Short_story" title="Short story">Short story</a> by <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov">Isaac Asimov</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Language</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Genre(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">Science fiction</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ededed;">Publication</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Published in</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/Astounding_Science_Fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Astounding Science Fiction">Astounding Science Fiction</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Publisher</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Street_%26_Smith" title="Street & Smith">Street & Smith</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Media type</th><td class="infobox-data">Magazine</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Publication date</th><td class="infobox-data">March 1948</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Series</th><td class="infobox-data">Thiotimoline</td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size:125%; background: #ededed;">"The Micropsychiatric Applications of Thiotimoline"</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight: bold; background:whitesmoke;"><a href="/wiki/Short_story" title="Short story">Short story</a> by <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov">Isaac Asimov</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Language</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Genre(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">Science fiction</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ededed;">Publication</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Published in</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/Astounding_Science_Fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Astounding Science Fiction">Astounding Science Fiction</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Publisher</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Street_%26_Smith" title="Street & Smith">Street & Smith</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Media type</th><td class="infobox-data">Magazine</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Publication date</th><td class="infobox-data">December 1953</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Series</th><td class="infobox-data">Thiotimoline</td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size:125%; background: #ededed;">"Thiotimoline and the Space Age"</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight: bold; background:whitesmoke;"><a href="/wiki/Short_story" title="Short story">Short story</a> by <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov">Isaac Asimov</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Language</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Genre(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">Science fiction</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ededed;">Publication</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Published in</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/Analog_Science_Fiction_and_Fact" title="Analog Science Fiction and Fact">Analog Science Fiction and Fact</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Publisher</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Street_%26_Smith" title="Street & Smith">Street & Smith</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Media type</th><td class="infobox-data">Magazine</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Publication date</th><td class="infobox-data">October 1960</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Series</th><td class="infobox-data">Thiotimoline</td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size:125%; background: #ededed;">"Thiotimoline to the Stars"</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight: bold; background:whitesmoke;"><a href="/wiki/Short_story" title="Short story">Short story</a> by <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov">Isaac Asimov</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Language</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Genre(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">Science fiction</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ededed;">Publication</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Published in</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/Astounding:_John_W._Campbell_Memorial_Anthology" title="Astounding: John W. Campbell Memorial Anthology">Astounding</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Publisher</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Media type</th><td class="infobox-data">Print (<a href="/wiki/Hardback" class="mw-redirect" title="Hardback">Hardback</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Publication date</th><td class="infobox-data">1973</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Series</th><td class="infobox-data">Thiotimoline</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Thiotimoline</b> is a fictitious chemical compound conceived by American <a href="/wiki/Biochemist" title="Biochemist">biochemist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">science fiction</a> author <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov">Isaac Asimov</a>. It was first described in a <a href="/wiki/Spoof_scientific_paper" class="mw-redirect" title="Spoof scientific paper">spoof scientific paper</a> titled "The Endochronic Properties of Resublimated Thiotimoline" in 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The major peculiarity of the chemical is its "endochronicity": it starts dissolving before it makes contact with water. </p><p>Asimov went on to write three additional short stories, each describing different properties or uses of thiotimoline. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chemical_properties">Chemical properties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thiotimoline&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Chemical properties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Asimov's writings the endochronicity of thiotimoline is explained by the fact that in the thiotimoline molecule, there is at least one <a href="/wiki/Carbon_atom" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon atom">carbon atom</a> such that, while two of the carbon's four <a href="/wiki/Chemical_bonds" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemical bonds">chemical bonds</a> lie in normal <a href="/wiki/Spacetime" title="Spacetime">space and time</a>, one of the bonds projects into the future and another into the past. Thiotimoline is derived from the bark of the (fictitious) shrub <i>Rosacea karlsbadensis rufo</i>, and the thiotimoline molecule includes at least fourteen <a href="/wiki/Hydroxyl" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydroxyl">hydroxy</a> groups, two <a href="/wiki/Amine" title="Amine">amino</a> groups, and one <a href="/wiki/Sulfonic_acid" title="Sulfonic acid">sulfonic acid</a> group, and possibly one <a href="/wiki/Nitro_compound" title="Nitro compound">nitro compound</a> group as well. The nature of the <a href="/wiki/Hydrocarbon" title="Hydrocarbon">hydrocarbon</a> nucleus is unknown, although it seems in part to be an <a href="/wiki/Aromatic_hydrocarbon" class="mw-redirect" title="Aromatic hydrocarbon">aromatic hydrocarbon</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thiotimoline&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1947 Asimov was engaged in doctoral research in chemistry and, as part of his experimental procedure, he needed to dissolve <a href="/wiki/Catechol" title="Catechol">catechol</a> in water. As he observed the crystals dissolve as soon as they hit the water's surface, it occurred to him that if catechol were any more soluble, then it would dissolve <i>before</i> it encountered the water.<sup id="cite_ref-earlyyears488_501_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-earlyyears488_501-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By that time Asimov had been writing professionally for nine years and would soon write a doctoral dissertation. He feared that the experience of writing readable prose for publication (i.e. science fiction) might have impaired his ability to write the turgid prose typical of academic discourse, and decided to practice with a spoof article (including charts, graphs, tables, and citations of fake articles in nonexistent journals) describing experiments on a compound, thiotimoline, that was so soluble that it dissolved in water up to 1.12 seconds before the water was added.<sup id="cite_ref-earlyyears488_501_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-earlyyears488_501-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Asimov wrote the article on 8 June 1947, but was uncertain as to whether the resulting work of fiction was publishable. <a href="/wiki/John_W._Campbell" title="John W. Campbell">John W. Campbell</a>, the editor of <i><a href="/wiki/Astounding_Science_Fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Astounding Science Fiction">Astounding Science Fiction</a></i>, accepted it for publication on 10 June, agreeing to Asimov's request that it appear under a pseudonym in deference to Asimov's concern that he might alienate potential doctoral examiners at <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> if he were revealed as the author.<sup id="cite_ref-earlyyears488_501_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-earlyyears488_501-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some months later Asimov was alarmed to see the piece appear in the March 1948 issue of <i>Astounding</i> under his own name, and copies of the issue circulated at the Columbia chemistry department. Asimov believed that Campbell had done so out of greater wisdom. His examiners told him that they accepted his dissertation by asking a final question about thiotimoline, resulting in him having to be led from the room while laughing hysterically with relief. The article made Asimov famous for the first time outside science fiction, as chemists shared copies of the article. He heard that many children went to the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Library" title="New York Public Library">New York Public Library</a> trying to find the nonexistent journals.<sup id="cite_ref-earlyyears488_501_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-earlyyears488_501-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id=""The_Micropsychiatric_Applications_of_Thiotimoline""><span id=".22The_Micropsychiatric_Applications_of_Thiotimoline.22"></span>"The Micropsychiatric Applications of Thiotimoline"</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thiotimoline&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: "The Micropsychiatric Applications of Thiotimoline""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1952, Asimov wrote a second spoof scientific paper on thiotimoline called "The Micropsychiatric Applications of Thiotimoline". Like the first, it included charts, graphs, tables, and citations of fake articles from fake journals (along with one real citation: Asimov's own earlier spoof article from <i>Astounding</i>, which was listed tongue-in-cheek as the <i>Journal of Astounding Science Fiction</i>). This second article described the use of thiotimoline to establish a quantitative classification of "certain mental disorders". It also expounds a putative rationale for thiotimoline's behaviour: namely that the <a href="/wiki/Chemical_bond" title="Chemical bond">chemical bonds</a> in the compound's structural formula are so starved of space that some are forced into the time dimension. According to the second article, thiotimoline's time of solubility varies depending on the determination of the person adding the water. It also claims that one effect is that when people with <a href="/wiki/Dissociative_identity_disorder" title="Dissociative identity disorder">multiple personalities</a> add the water, some parts of the thiotimoline dissolve before others, due to some of the individual's personalities being more determined than others. "The Micropsychiatric Applications of Thiotimoline" appeared in the December 1953 issue of <i>Astounding</i>. </p><p>The first two thiotimoline "articles" appeared together in Asimov's first collection of science essays, <i><a href="/wiki/Only_a_Trillion" title="Only a Trillion">Only a Trillion</a></i> (1957), under the joint title "The Marvellous Properties of Thiotimoline". Asimov also included the original article in his 1972 collection <i><a href="/wiki/The_Early_Asimov" title="The Early Asimov">The Early Asimov</a></i>. The first article also appeared in <i>Fifty Years of the Best Science Fiction from Analog </i> (Davis Publications, 1982). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id=""Thiotimoline_and_the_Space_Age""><span id=".22Thiotimoline_and_the_Space_Age.22"></span>"Thiotimoline and the Space Age"</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thiotimoline&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: "Thiotimoline and the Space Age""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Asimov wrote a third thiotimoline article on 14 November 1959 called "Thiotimoline and the Space Age". Instead of a fake scientific paper, this third article took the form of an address by Asimov to the 12th annual meeting of the American Chronochemical Society, a nonexistent scientific society. In his address, Asimov "describes" his first experiments with thiotimoline in July 1947, and timing the compound's dissolution with the original endochronometer, "the same instrument now at the <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian</a>". Asimov laments the skepticism with which chronochemistry has been greeted in America, noting with sorrow that his address has only attracted fifteen attendees. He then contrasts the thriving state of chronochemistry in the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, with the research town of <a href="/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev" title="Nikita Khrushchev">Khrushchevsk</a>, nicknamed "Tiotimolingrad", established in the <a href="/wiki/Ural_Mountains" title="Ural Mountains">Urals</a>. </p><p>According to Asimov, two Scottish researchers have developed a "telechronic battery", which uses a series of 77,000 interconnected endochronometers to allow a final sample of thiotimoline to dissolve up to a day before water is added to an initial sample. Asimov says there is "strong, if indirect, evidence that the Soviet Union possesses even more sophisticated devices and is turning them out in commercial quantities". He believes that the Soviets are using telechronic batteries to determine ahead of time whether <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_artificial_satellites_and_space_probes" title="Timeline of artificial satellites and space probes">satellite launches</a> will be successful. </p><p>Finally, Asimov describes attempts to create a "<a href="/wiki/Uncertainty_principle" title="Uncertainty principle">Heisenberg failure</a>", to get a sample of thiotimoline to dissolve without later adding water to it. In every case where the thiotimoline dissolved, some accident occurred that caused some water to be added to it at the proper time. Several attempts to create a Heisenberg failure in the mid-1950s coincided with a <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Carol" title="Hurricane Carol">series</a> <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Edna" title="Hurricane Edna">of</a> <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Diane" title="Hurricane Diane">hurricanes</a> striking New England in such a manner as to suggest that nature would find a way to add water whatever man decided, if man were to be resolute in not adding water. Asimov speculated that <a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Flood_myth" title="Flood myth">flood</a> might have been brought about by thiotimoline experiments among the ancient <a href="/wiki/Sumer" title="Sumer">Sumerians</a>. He then concludes with some speculation about thiotimoline's potential applications as a <a href="/wiki/Weapon_of_mass_destruction" title="Weapon of mass destruction">weapon of mass destruction</a> by deliberately using it to artificially induce hurricanes. </p><p>"Thiotimoline and the Space Age" appeared in the October 1960 issue of <i>Astounding</i>, which was then in the final stages of changing its name to <i>Analog</i>. The article was reprinted in full in <i><a href="/wiki/Opus_100" title="Opus 100">Opus 100</a></i> (1969) and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Asimov_Chronicles:_Fifty_Years_of_Isaac_Asimov" title="The Asimov Chronicles: Fifty Years of Isaac Asimov">The Asimov Chronicles: Fifty Years of Isaac Asimov</a></i> (1989). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id=""Thiotimoline_to_the_Stars""><span id=".22Thiotimoline_to_the_Stars.22"></span>"Thiotimoline to the Stars"</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thiotimoline&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: "Thiotimoline to the Stars""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Asimov's final piece on thiotimoline was a short story titled "Thiotimoline to the Stars", which he wrote for <a href="/wiki/Harry_Harrison_(writer)" title="Harry Harrison (writer)">Harry Harrison</a>'s anthology <i><a href="/wiki/Astounding:_John_W._Campbell_Memorial_Anthology" title="Astounding: John W. Campbell Memorial Anthology">Astounding</a></i> (1973). In it, Admiral Vernon, Commandant of the Astronautic Academy, gives a speech to the graduating "Class of '22". Vernon's speech explains that thiotimoline was first mentioned in 1948 by a semi-mythical scientist named Azimuth or Asymptote, but that serious study of the compound didn't begin until the 21st century scientist Almirante worked out the theory of <a href="/wiki/Steric_hindrance" class="mw-redirect" title="Steric hindrance">hypersteric hindrance</a>. Later scientists worked out ways to form endochronic molecules into <a href="/wiki/Polymer" title="Polymer">polymers</a>, allowing large structures such as <a href="/wiki/Spacecraft" title="Spacecraft">spaceships</a> to be built out of endochronic materials. One effect of endochronicity is that if one fails to add water to an object that has reacted to water, the object will travel into the future in search of water to interact with. </p><p>An individual with sufficient inborn talent, Vernon explains, can perfectly balance a starship's endochronicity with relativistic <a href="/wiki/Time_dilation" title="Time dilation">time dilation</a>, so that a ship traveling at relativistic speeds can age at the same rate as the rest of the universe, allowing it to return to its starting point within months, rather than centuries, of its departure. Vernon emphasizes that starship pilots are expected to match endochronicity with relativity exactly: a sixty-second difference between the two is regarded as barely acceptable, and a 120-second difference is considered grounds for dismissal. Vernon also emphasizes that endochronic molecules are unstable, and must be renewed before each trip, so that an endochronic ship that finds itself lost might not have sufficient endochronicity to return to its proper time. A ship that finds itself in the future might be able to re-endochronize itself if the technology still exists; a ship that finds itself in the past will be marooned there. </p><p>Finally, Vernon reveals that the auditorium where he is giving his speech is actually an endochronic starship, and that during his speech, they have all flown to the outskirts of the <a href="/wiki/Solar_System" title="Solar System">Solar System</a>. The graduates felt no acceleration because canceling out time dilation also caused the canceling out of inertia. When Vernon concludes his speech, the graduates will be landing in the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> Port at <a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_Nebraska" title="Lincoln, Nebraska">Lincoln, Nebraska</a>, where they will be spending the weekend. </p><p>After they land, Vernon receives an awful shock and passes out when his pilot informs him that the ship is surrounded by Indians. Vernon wrongly assumed the pilot meant <a href="/wiki/Red_Indians" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Indians">Red Indians</a>, and thought that they had landed centuries in the past. But the pilot only meant that they had landed at the correct time but near <a href="/wiki/Calcutta" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcutta">Calcutta</a>, India. </p><p>Asimov included "Thiotimoline to the Stars" in his 1975 collection <i><a href="/wiki/Buy_Jupiter_and_Other_Stories" title="Buy Jupiter and Other Stories">Buy Jupiter and Other Stories</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_references_to_thiotimoline">Other references to thiotimoline</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thiotimoline&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Other references to thiotimoline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Glen Bever's story "And Silently Vanish Away" a chemist with the unique ability to use psychokinetic catalysis to speed up difficult reactions is shocked by a lab explosion and the mixture he was working on gets changed. Under analysis the structure never appears to be the same twice and when the substance is injected into lab rats they start to silently and suddenly vanish. It is found that one part of the compound is a molecule which spreads out into four dimensions. The four-dimensional molecule is thiotimoline. The story appeared in the November 1971 issue of <i>Analog Science Fiction/Science Fact</i>. </p><p>Topi H. Barr's story "Antithiotimoline" deals with a chemist who accidentally creates a thiotimoline-like compound which extrudes only into the past, enabling the scientist to create images of past events. The narrator complains that thiotimoline is extremely difficult to obtain, and suspects that the CIA or other agencies are controlling the supply for their own reasons. The story appeared in the December 1977 issue of <i>Analog</i>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Spider_Robinson" title="Spider Robinson">Spider Robinson</a>'s story "Mirror mirror, off the wall", published in <i>Time Travelers Strictly Cash</i> in 1981, also references thiotimoline. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Robert_Silverberg" title="Robert Silverberg">Robert Silverberg</a>'s 1989 story "The Asenion Solution", thiotimoline is used to send excess quantities of <a href="/wiki/The_Gods_Themselves" title="The Gods Themselves">plutonium-186</a> to the end of time, where they will fall over the brink into <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-time&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anti-time (page does not exist)">anti-time</a> and lead to the <a href="/wiki/Big_Bang" title="Big Bang">Big Bang</a>. "The Asenion Solution" appeared in the Asimov <a href="/wiki/Festschrift" title="Festschrift">festschrift</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Foundation%27s_Friends" title="Foundation's Friends">Foundation's Friends</a></i>. </p><p>The November/December 2001 and March/April 2002 issues of the <a href="/wiki/IEEE_Design_%26_Test_of_Computers" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE Design & Test of Computers">IEEE Design & Test of Computers</a> included spoof articles on the use of thiotimoline for debugging computers.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the game <i><a href="/wiki/We_Happy_Few" title="We Happy Few">We Happy Few</a></i>, a mysterious liquid called "motilene" acts as the primary source of electrical power in the setting, and is pumped throughout the city in pipes in lieu of a traditional electrical grid, or alternatively placed into special jars to act as portable batteries. A research note can be found in one location which makes reference to "thiomotilene crystals" and their "endochronic properties", which in turn strongly suggests motilene's name be derived from thiotimoline.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thiotimoline&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Book_collection.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Book_collection.jpg/32px-Book_collection.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Book_collection.jpg/48px-Book_collection.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Book_collection.jpg/64px-Book_collection.jpg 2x" data-file-width="299" data-file-height="238" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Novels" title="Portal:Novels">Novels portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tachyons_in_fiction" title="Tachyons in fiction">Tachyons in fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_elements,_materials,_isotopes_and_atomic_particles" class="mw-redirect" title="List of fictional elements, materials, isotopes and atomic particles">List of fictional elements, materials, isotopes and atomic particles</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A2t%C3%A9_de_Foie_Gras_(short_story)" title="Pâté de Foie Gras (short story)">Pâté de Foie Gras</a></i>, another Asimov scientific spoof about a goose which actually laid golden eggs</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thiotimoline&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMay2019" class="citation cs2">May, Andrew (2019), May, Andrew (ed.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13314-6_1">"Science Fiction Posing as Science Fact"</a>, <i>Fake Physics: Spoofs, Hoaxes and Fictitious Science</i>, Science and Fiction, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 1–22, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-030-13314-6_1">10.1007/978-3-030-13314-6_1</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-030-13314-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-030-13314-6"><bdi>978-3-030-13314-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-10</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fake+Physics%3A+Spoofs%2C+Hoaxes+and+Fictitious+Science&rft.atitle=Science+Fiction+Posing+as+Science+Fact&rft.pages=1-22&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-030-13314-6_1&rft.isbn=978-3-030-13314-6&rft.aulast=May&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%2F978-3-030-13314-6_1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThiotimoline" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-earlyyears488_501-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-earlyyears488_501_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-earlyyears488_501_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-earlyyears488_501_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-earlyyears488_501_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1972" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/earlyasimovorele00asim#page/488/mode/2up"><i>The Early Asimov; or, Eleven Years of Trying</i></a>. Garden City NY: Doubleday. pp. 488–501.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Early+Asimov%3B+or%2C+Eleven+Years+of+Trying&rft.place=Garden+City+NY&rft.pages=488-501&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1972&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fearlyasimovorele00asim%23page%2F488%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThiotimoline" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/MDT.2001.10043">"The Last Byte" in IEEE Design & Test of Computers, vol. 18, no. 06, pp. 80, 2001.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/MDT.2002.10009">"Yet Another Thiotimoline Application" in IEEE Design & Test of Computers, vol. 19, no. 02, pp. 80, 2002.</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thiotimoline&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/pe.cgi?24318">Thiotimoline</a> series listing at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Speculative_Fiction_Database" title="Internet Speculative Fiction Database">Internet Speculative Fiction Database</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/Astounding_v41n01_1948-03_UnkSc-cape1736#page/n119/mode/2up">"The Endochronic Properties of Resublimated Thiotimoline"</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/Astounding_v52n04_1953-12_dtsg0318#page/n105/mode/2up">"The Micropsychiatric Applications of Thiotimoline"</a>, and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_analog-science-fiction-fact_1960-10_66_2/page/154/mode/2up">"Thiotimoline and the Space Age"</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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