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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Early life </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education_and_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education_and_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Education and career </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education_and_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Personal life </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Illness_and_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Illness_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Illness and death </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Illness_and_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Writings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Writings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Writings </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Writings-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Writings subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Writings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Overview" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overview"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Overview </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overview-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Science_fiction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Science_fiction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Science fiction </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Science_fiction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Popular_science" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popular_science"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Popular science </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Popular_science-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coined_terms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coined_terms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Coined terms </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coined_terms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_writings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_writings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Other writings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_writings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_recognition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_recognition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Awards and recognition </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_recognition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Writing_style" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Writing_style"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Writing style </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Writing_style-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Writing style subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Writing_style-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Alien_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alien_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Alien life </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alien_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Romance_and_women" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romance_and_women"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Romance and women </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Romance_and_women-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Views" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Views"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Views </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Views-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Views subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Views-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Politics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Social issues </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sexual_harassment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sexual_harassment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Sexual harassment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sexual_harassment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environment_and_population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environment_and_population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Environment and population </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environment_and_population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_authors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_authors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.6 Other authors </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_authors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Influence </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Bibliography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Bibliography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Science_fiction_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Science_fiction_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Science fiction </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Science_fiction_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-"Greater_Foundation"_series" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Greater_Foundation"_series"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.1 "Greater Foundation" series </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Greater_Foundation"_series-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lucky_Starr_series_(as_Paul_French)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lucky_Starr_series_(as_Paul_French)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.2 Lucky Starr series (as Paul French) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lucky_Starr_series_(as_Paul_French)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Norby_Chronicles_(with_Janet_Asimov)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Norby_Chronicles_(with_Janet_Asimov)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.3 Norby Chronicles (with Janet Asimov) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Norby_Chronicles_(with_Janet_Asimov)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Novels_not_part_of_a_series" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Novels_not_part_of_a_series"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.4 Novels not part of a series </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Novels_not_part_of_a_series-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Short-story_collections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Short-story_collections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.5 Short-story collections </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Short-story_collections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mysteries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mysteries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Mysteries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mysteries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Novels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Novels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.1 Novels </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Novels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Short-story_collections_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Short-story_collections_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.2 Short-story collections </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Short-story_collections_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Black_Widowers_series" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Black_Widowers_series"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.2.1 Black Widowers series </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Black_Widowers_series-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_mysteries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_mysteries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.2.2 Other mysteries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_mysteries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nonfiction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nonfiction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Nonfiction </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nonfiction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Popular_science_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popular_science_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3.1 Popular science </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Popular_science_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Collections_of_Asimov's_essays_for_F&SF" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collections_of_Asimov's_essays_for_F&SF"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3.1.1 Collections of Asimov's essays for F&SF </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collections_of_Asimov's_essays_for_F&SF-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_general_science_essay_collections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_general_science_essay_collections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3.1.2 Other general science essay collections </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_general_science_essay_collections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_science_books_by_Asimov" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_science_books_by_Asimov"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3.1.3 Other science books by Asimov </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_science_books_by_Asimov-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literary_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literary_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3.2 Literary works </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literary_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Bible" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Bible"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3.3 The Bible </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Bible-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Autobiography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Autobiography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3.4 Autobiography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Autobiography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3.5 History </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Humor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Humor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3.6 Humor </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Humor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-On_writing_science_fiction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#On_writing_science_fiction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3.7 On writing science fiction </div> </a> <ul id="toc-On_writing_science_fiction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_nonfiction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_nonfiction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3.8 Other nonfiction </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_nonfiction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Television,_music,_and_film_appearances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television,_music,_and_film_appearances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Television, music, and film appearances </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television,_music,_and_film_appearances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adaptations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adaptations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Adaptations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adaptations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Explanatory_footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Explanatory_footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Explanatory footnotes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Explanatory_footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_and_cited_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_and_cited_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.3 General and cited sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_and_cited_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Isaac Asimov</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 116 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-116" aria-hidden="true" > 116 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%90%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Азимов, Айзек – Southern Altai" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Азимов, Айзек" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="Southern Altai" class="interlanguage-link-target">Алтай тил</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%AD%D9%82_%D8%B9%D8%B8%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%88%D9%81" title="إسحق عظيموف – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إسحق عظيموف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayzek_Azimov" title="Ayzek Azimov – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ayzek Azimov" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%DA%A9_%D8%A2%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%88%D9%81" title="آیزاک آسیموف – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آیزاک آسیموف" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%AD" title="আইজাক আসিমভ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আইজাক আসিমভ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%90%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Азимов Айзек – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Азимов Айзек" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%90%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Айзек Азімаў – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Айзек Азімаў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B9%D0%B7%D1%8D%D0%BA_%D0%90%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Айзэк Азімаў – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Айзэк Азімаў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B9%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BA_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Айзък Азимов – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Айзък Азимов" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%AC%CE%BA_%CE%91%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%BC%CF%89%CF%86" title="Ισαάκ Ασίμωφ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ισαάκ Ασίμωφ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%DA%A9_%D8%A2%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%88%D9%81" title="آیزاک آسیموف – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آیزاک آسیموف" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%9D%B4%EC%9E%91_%EC%95%84%EC%8B%9C%EB%AA%A8%ED%94%84" title="아이작 아시모프 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아이작 아시모프" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B5%D5%A6%D5%A5%D5%AF_%D4%B1%D5%A6%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%B8%D5%BE" title="Այզեկ Ազիմով – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Այզեկ Ազիմով" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5" title="आईज़ैक असिमोव – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आईज़ैक असिमोव" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%99%D7%96%D7%A7_%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%91" title="אייזק אסימוב – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אייזק אסימוב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%90%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%8D" title="ಐಸಾಕ್ ಅಸಿಮೋವ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಐಸಾಕ್ ಅಸಿಮೋವ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%99_%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%98" title="აიზეკ აზიმოვი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აიზეკ აზიმოვი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Айзек Азимов – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Айзек Азимов" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Айзек Азимов – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Айзек Азимов" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81_%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%9A" title="ໄອຊັກ ແອຊິມອບ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ໄອຊັກ ແອຊິມອບ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aizeks_Azimovs" title="Aizeks Azimovs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Aizeks Azimovs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%90%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Исак Асимов – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Исак Асимов" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%90%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D" title="ഐസക് അസിമൊവ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഐസക് അസിമൊവ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%9D%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9" title="आयझॅक आसिमॉव्ह – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आयझॅक आसिमॉव्ह" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%99_%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%98" title="აიზეკ აზიმოვი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="აიზეკ აზიმოვი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AD%D9%82_%D8%B9%D8%B8%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%88%D9%81" title="اسحق عظيموف – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اسحق عظيموف" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nāhuatl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B6%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A2%E3%83%95" title="アイザック・アシモフ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アイザック・アシモフ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayzek_Azimov" title="Ayzek Azimov – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ayzek Azimov" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%90%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B5" title="ਆਈਜ਼ੈਕ ਐਸੀਮੋਵ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਆਈਜ਼ੈਕ ਐਸੀਮੋਵ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A6%D8%B2%DA%A9_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%88%D9%81" title="آئزک ایزیموف – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="آئزک ایزیموف" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%85%D9%88%D9%81" title="اسحاق عاصموف – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اسحاق عاصموف" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Айзек Азимов – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Айзек Азимов" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%90%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Азимов, Айзек – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Азимов, Айзек" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%86%DA%A4" title="ئیسحاق ئاسیمۆڤ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئیسحاق ئاسیمۆڤ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%90%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Исак Асимов – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Исак Асимов" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%90%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%8D" title="ஐசாக் அசிமோவ் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஐசாக் அசிமோவ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Айзек Азимов – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Айзек Азимов" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%90%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%8D" title="ఐజాక్ అసిమోవ్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఐజాక్ అసిమోవ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%84_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9F" title="ไอแซค อสิมอฟ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไอแซค อสิมอฟ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Айзек Азимов – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Айзек Азимов" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaak_Ozimov" title="Isaak Ozimov – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Isaak Ozimov" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%90%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Айзек Азімов – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Айзек Азімов" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A6%D8%B2%DA%A9_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%88%D9%88" title="آئزک ایسیموو – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آئزک ایسیموو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%89%D8%B3%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%83_%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%89%D9%85%D9%88%DB%8B" title="ئىسساك ئاسىموۋ – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئىسساك ئاسىموۋ" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Isaac Asimov" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E8%A5%BF%E8%8E%AB%E5%A4%AB" title="艾萨克·阿西莫夫 – Wu" lang="wuu" 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.mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Asimov" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Asimov_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Asimov (disambiguation)">Asimov (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Isaac Asimov</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Isaac.Asimov01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Photo circa 1959"><img alt="Photo circa 1959" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Isaac.Asimov01.jpg/220px-Isaac.Asimov01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="319" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Isaac.Asimov01.jpg/330px-Isaac.Asimov01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Isaac.Asimov01.jpg/440px-Isaac.Asimov01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2530" data-file-height="3671" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:1.4em;">Photo circa 1959</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Native name</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><div class="nickname"><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: Исаак Азимов<a href="#cite_note-azimov-1">[1]</a> <a href="/wiki/Yiddish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yiddish language">Yiddish</a>: יצחק אַזימאָװ<a href="#cite_note-azimov-1">[1]</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">c. January 2, 1920<a href="#cite_note-birthday-2">[a]</a> <a href="/wiki/Petrovichi" title="Petrovichi">Petrovichi</a>, Russian SFSR</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">April 6, 1992(1992-04-06) (aged 72) New York City, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role" style="line-height:1.4em;">Writer, professor of <a href="/wiki/Biochemistry" title="Biochemistry">biochemistry</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.4em;">American</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Education</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">BS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts" title="Master of Arts">MA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">PhD</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.4em;">Science fiction (<a href="/wiki/Hard_SF" class="mw-redirect" title="Hard SF">hard SF</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_SF" class="mw-redirect" title="Social SF">social SF</a>), <a href="/wiki/Mystery_fiction" title="Mystery fiction">mystery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Popular_science" title="Popular science">popular science</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Subject</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Popular_science" title="Popular science">Popular science</a>, science <a href="/wiki/Textbooks" class="mw-redirect" title="Textbooks">textbooks</a>, essays, <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">history</a>, <a href="/wiki/Literary_criticism" title="Literary criticism">literary criticism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Literary movement</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Science_Fiction" title="Golden Age of Science Fiction">Golden Age of Science Fiction</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">1939–1992</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Gertrude Blugerman</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1942; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1973)</div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Janet_Asimov" title="Janet Asimov">Janet Opal Jeppson</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1973)</div></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Children</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Asimov" title="Stanley Asimov">Stanley Asimov</a> (brother)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Asimov" title="Eric Asimov">Eric Asimov</a> (nephew)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Isaac_Asimov_signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Isaac_Asimov_signature.svg/150px-Isaac_Asimov_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Isaac_Asimov_signature.svg/225px-Isaac_Asimov_signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Isaac_Asimov_signature.svg/300px-Isaac_Asimov_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="281" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546">Scientific career</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Biochemistry" title="Biochemistry">Biochemistry</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Boston_University" title="Boston University">Boston University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">Thesis</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/609476547">The kinetics of the reaction inactivation of tyrosinase during its catalysis of the aerobic oxidation of catechol</a> (1948)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisor</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Charles Reginald Dawson</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other academic advisors</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Elderfield" title="Robert Elderfield">Robert Elderfield</a> (<a href="/wiki/Postdoctoral_researcher" title="Postdoctoral researcher">post-doctoral</a>)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> Isaac Asimov (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈæzɪmɒv/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">AZ-ih-mov</a>;<a href="#cite_note-3">[b]</a> c. January 2, 1920<a href="#cite_note-birthday-2">[a]</a> – April 6, 1992) was an American writer and professor of <a href="/wiki/Biochemistry" title="Biochemistry">biochemistry</a> at <a href="/wiki/Boston_University" title="Boston University">Boston University</a>. During his lifetime, Asimov was considered one of the "Big Three" <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">science fiction</a> writers, along with <a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Heinlein" title="Robert A. Heinlein">Robert A. Heinlein</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Clarke" title="Arthur C. Clarke">Arthur C. Clarke</a>.<a href="#cite_note-4">[2]</a> A prolific writer, he wrote or edited more than 500 books. He also wrote an estimated 90,000 letters and <a href="/wiki/Postcard" title="Postcard">postcards</a>.<a href="#cite_note-5">[c]</a> Best known for his <a href="/wiki/Hard_science_fiction" title="Hard science fiction">hard science fiction</a>, Asimov also wrote <a href="/wiki/Mystery_fiction" title="Mystery fiction">mysteries</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fantasy" title="Fantasy">fantasy</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Popular_science" title="Popular science">popular science</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Non-fiction" title="Non-fiction">non-fiction</a>. Asimov's most famous work is the <a href="/wiki/Foundation_(book_series)" title="Foundation (book series)">Foundation</a> series,<a href="#cite_note-6">[3]</a> the first three books of which won the one-time <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award" title="Hugo Award">Hugo Award</a> for "Best All-Time Series" in 1966.<a href="#cite_note-7">[4]</a> His other major series are the <a href="/wiki/Galactic_Empire_series" title="Galactic Empire series">Galactic Empire</a> series and the <a href="/wiki/Robot_series" title="Robot series">Robot</a> series. The Galactic Empire novels are set in the much earlier history of the same fictional universe as the Foundation series. Later, with <a href="/wiki/Foundation_and_Earth" title="Foundation and Earth">Foundation and Earth</a> (1986), he linked this distant future to the Robot series, creating a unified "<a href="/wiki/Future_history" title="Future history">future history</a>" for his works.<a href="#cite_note-8">[5]</a> He also wrote <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov_short_stories_bibliography" title="Isaac Asimov short stories bibliography">more than 380 short stories</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Social_science_fiction" title="Social science fiction">social science fiction</a> novelette "<a href="/wiki/Nightfall_(Asimov_novelette_and_novel)" title="Nightfall (Asimov novelette and novel)">Nightfall</a>", which in 1964 was voted the best short science fiction story of all time by the <a href="/wiki/Science_Fiction_Writers_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Science Fiction Writers of America">Science Fiction Writers of America</a>. Asimov wrote the <a href="/wiki/Lucky_Starr_series" title="Lucky Starr series">Lucky Starr</a> series of <a href="/wiki/Young_adult_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Young adult fiction">juvenile</a> science-fiction novels using the pen name Paul French.<a href="#cite_note-9">[6]</a> Most of his popular science books explain concepts in a historical way, going as far back as possible to a time when the science in question was at its simplest stage. Examples include <a href="/wiki/The_Intelligent_Man%27s_Guide_to_Science" title="The Intelligent Man's Guide to Science">Guide to Science</a>, the three-volume <a href="/wiki/Understanding_Physics" title="Understanding Physics">Understanding Physics</a>, and Asimov's Chronology of Science and Discovery. He wrote on numerous other scientific and non-scientific topics, such as <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">chemistry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">astronomy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a>, <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">history</a>, biblical <a href="/wiki/Exegesis" title="Exegesis">exegesis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Literary_criticism" title="Literary criticism">literary criticism</a>. He was the president of the <a href="/wiki/American_Humanist_Association" title="American Humanist Association">American Humanist Association</a>.<a href="#cite_note-10">[7]</a> Several entities have been named in his honor, including the <a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">asteroid</a> <a href="/wiki/5020_Asimov" class="mw-redirect" title="5020 Asimov">(5020) Asimov</a>,<a href="#cite_note-asteroid-11">[8]</a> a <a href="/wiki/Asimov_crater" class="mw-redirect" title="Asimov crater">crater</a> on <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a>,<a href="#cite_note-crater-12">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[10]</a> a <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a> elementary school,<a href="#cite_note-14">[11]</a> <a href="/wiki/Honda" title="Honda">Honda</a>'s humanoid robot <a href="/wiki/ASIMO" title="ASIMO">ASIMO</a>,<a href="#cite_note-15">[12]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov_Awards" title="Isaac Asimov Awards">four literary awards</a>. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Surname">Surname</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Asimov&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Surname">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">There are three very simple English words: 'Has', 'him' and 'of'. Put them together like this—'has-him-of'—and say it in the ordinary fashion. Now leave out the two h's and say it again and you have Asimov.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Asimov, 1979<a href="#cite_note-16">[13]</a></cite></div></blockquote> Asimov's family name derives from the first part of озимый хлеб (ozímyj khleb), meaning '<a href="/wiki/Winter_cereals" class="mw-redirect" title="Winter cereals">winter grain</a>' (specifically <a href="/wiki/Rye" title="Rye">rye</a>) in which his great-great-great-grandfather dealt, with the Russian surname ending -ov added.<a href="#cite_note-17">[14]</a> Azimov is spelled Азимов in the <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillic alphabet">Cyrillic alphabet</a>.<a href="#cite_note-azimov-1">[1]</a> When the family arrived in the United States in 1923 and their name had to be spelled in the <a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin alphabet</a>, Asimov's father spelled it with an S, believing this letter to be pronounced like Z (as in German), and so it became Asimov.<a href="#cite_note-azimov-1">[1]</a> This later inspired one of Asimov's short stories, "<a href="/wiki/Spell_My_Name_with_an_S" title="Spell My Name with an S">Spell My Name with an S</a>".<a href="#cite_note-18">[15]</a> Asimov refused early suggestions of using a more common name as a pseudonym, believing that its recognizability helped his career. After becoming famous, he often met readers who believed that "Isaac Asimov" was a distinctive pseudonym created by an author with a common name.<a href="#cite_note-earlyyears79_82-19">[16]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Asimov&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Life">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life">Early life</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Asimov&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early life">edit</a>]</div> Asimov was born in <a href="/wiki/Petrovichi" title="Petrovichi">Petrovichi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Russian SFSR</a>,<a href="#cite_note-20">[17]</a> on an unknown date between October 4, 1919, and January 2, 1920, inclusive. Asimov celebrated his birthday on January 2.<a href="#cite_note-birthday-2">[a]</a> Asimov's parents were <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Russia" title="History of the Jews in Russia">Russian Jews</a>, Anna Rachel (née Berman) and Judah Asimov, the son of a miller.<a href="#cite_note-21">[18]</a> He was named Isaac after his mother's father, Isaac Berman.<a href="#cite_note-22">[19]</a> Asimov wrote of his father, "My father, for all his education as an <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Jew" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthodox Jew">Orthodox Jew</a>, was not Orthodox in his heart", noting that "he didn't recite the <a href="/wiki/Prayer_in_Judaism" class="mw-redirect" title="Prayer in Judaism">myriad prayers prescribed for every action</a>, and he never made any attempt to teach them to me."<a href="#cite_note-23">[20]</a> In 1921, Asimov and 16 other children in Petrovichi developed <a href="/wiki/Double_pneumonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Double pneumonia">double pneumonia</a>. Only Asimov survived.<a href="#cite_note-24">[21]</a> He had two younger siblings: a sister, Marcia (born Manya;<a href="#cite_note-25">[22]</a> June 17, 1922 – April 2, 2011),<a href="#cite_note-26">[23]</a> and a brother, <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Asimov" title="Stanley Asimov">Stanley</a> (July 25, 1929 – August 16, 1995), who would become vice-president of <a href="/wiki/Newsday" title="Newsday">Newsday</a>.<a href="#cite_note-27">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[25]</a> Asimov's family travelled to the United States via Liverpool on the <a href="/wiki/RMS_Baltic_(1903)" title="RMS Baltic (1903)">RMS Baltic</a>, arriving on February 3, 1923<a href="#cite_note-29">[26]</a> when he was three years old. His parents spoke <a href="/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish">Yiddish</a> and English to him; he never learned <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>, his parents using it as a secret language "when they wanted to discuss something privately that my big ears were not to hear".<a href="#cite_note-30">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[28]</a> Growing up in <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>, Asimov taught himself to read at the age of five (and later taught his sister to read as well, enabling her to enter school in the <a href="/wiki/Educational_stage#United_States" title="Educational stage">second grade</a>).<a href="#cite_note-32">[29]</a> His mother got him into <a href="/wiki/Educational_stage#United_States" title="Educational stage">first grade</a> a year early by claiming he was born on September 7, 1919.<a href="#cite_note-33">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[31]</a> In third grade he learned about the "error" and insisted on an official correction of the date to January 2.<a href="#cite_note-35">[32]</a> He became a <a href="/wiki/Naturalization" title="Naturalization">naturalized</a> U.S. citizen in 1928 at the age of eight.<a href="#cite_note-konstantin-36">[33]</a> After becoming established in the U.S., his parents owned a succession of <a href="/wiki/Candy_store" class="mw-redirect" title="Candy store">candy stores</a> in which everyone in the family was expected to work. The candy stores sold newspapers and magazines, which Asimov credited as a major influence in his lifelong love of the written word, as it presented him as a child with an unending supply of new reading material (including pulp <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_magazine" title="Science fiction magazine">science fiction magazines</a>)<a href="#cite_note-37">[34]</a> that he could not have otherwise afforded. Asimov began reading science fiction at age nine, at the time that the genre was becoming more science-centered.<a href="#cite_note-38">[35]</a> Asimov was also a frequent patron of the <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Public_Library" title="Brooklyn Public Library">Brooklyn Public Library</a> during his formative years.<a href="#cite_note-39">[36]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education_and_career">Education and career</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Asimov&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Education and career">edit</a>]</div> Asimov attended New York City public schools from age five, including <a href="/wiki/Boys_and_Girls_High_School" title="Boys and Girls High School">Boys High School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a>.<a href="#cite_note-40">[37]</a> Graduating at 15, he attended the <a href="/wiki/City_College_of_New_York" title="City College of New York">City College of New York</a> for several days before accepting a scholarship at <a href="/wiki/Seth_Low_Junior_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Seth Low Junior College">Seth Low Junior College</a>. This was a branch of <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Brooklyn" title="Downtown Brooklyn">Downtown Brooklyn</a> designed to absorb some of the academically qualified Jewish and <a href="/wiki/Italian-American" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian-American">Italian-American</a> students who applied to the more prestigious <a href="/wiki/Columbia_College,_Columbia_University" title="Columbia College, Columbia University">Columbia College</a>, but exceeded the unwritten ethnic <a href="/wiki/Numerus_clausus" title="Numerus clausus">admission quotas</a> which were common at the time. Originally a <a href="/wiki/Zoology" title="Zoology">zoology</a> major, Asimov switched to <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">chemistry</a> after his first semester because he disapproved of "dissecting an alley cat". After Seth Low Junior College closed in 1936, Asimov finished his <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">Bachelor of Science</a> degree at Columbia's Morningside Heights campus (later the <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_School_of_General_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbia University School of General Studies">Columbia University School of General Studies</a>)<a href="#cite_note-41">[38]</a> in 1939. (In 1983, Dr. Robert Pollack (dean of Columbia College, 1982-1989) granted Asimov an honorary doctorate from Columbia College after requiring that Asimov place his foot in a bucket of water to pass the College's swimming requirement.<a href="#cite_note-42">[39]</a>) After two rounds of rejections by medical schools, Asimov applied to the graduate program in chemistry at Columbia in 1939; initially he was rejected and then only accepted on a probationary basis.<a href="#cite_note-earlyyears180_183-43">[40]</a> He completed his <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts" title="Master of Arts">Master of Arts</a> degree in chemistry in 1941 and earned a <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">Doctor of Philosophy</a> degree in chemistry in 1948.<a href="#cite_note-48">[d]</a><a href="#cite_note-Opus100-49">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[46]</a> During his chemistry studies, he also learned French and German.<a href="#cite_note-51">[47]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Heinlein-decamp-and-asimov.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Heinlein-decamp-and-asimov.jpg/220px-Heinlein-decamp-and-asimov.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Heinlein-decamp-and-asimov.jpg/330px-Heinlein-decamp-and-asimov.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Heinlein-decamp-and-asimov.jpg/440px-Heinlein-decamp-and-asimov.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="966" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Heinlein" title="Robert A. Heinlein">Robert A. Heinlein</a>, <a href="/wiki/L._Sprague_de_Camp" title="L. Sprague de Camp">L. Sprague de Camp</a>, and Asimov (left to right), <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Naval_Shipyard" title="Philadelphia Naval Shipyard">Philadelphia Navy Yard</a>, 1944</figcaption></figure> From 1942 to 1945 during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, between his masters and doctoral studies, Asimov worked as a civilian chemist at the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Navy_Yard" class="mw-redirect" title="Philadelphia Navy Yard">Philadelphia Navy Yard</a>'s Naval Air Experimental Station and lived in the <a href="/wiki/Walnut_Hill,_Philadelphia" title="Walnut Hill, Philadelphia">Walnut Hill</a> section of <a href="/wiki/West_Philadelphia" title="West Philadelphia">West Philadelphia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-52">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[49]</a> In September 1945, he was conscripted into the post-war <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">U.S. Army</a>; if he had not had his birth date corrected while at school, he would have been officially 26 years old and ineligible.<a href="#cite_note-54">[50]</a> In 1946, a bureaucratic error caused his military allotment to be stopped, and he was removed from a task force days before it sailed to participate in <a href="/wiki/Operation_Crossroads" title="Operation Crossroads">Operation Crossroads</a> nuclear weapons tests at <a href="/wiki/Bikini_Atoll" title="Bikini Atoll">Bikini Atoll</a>.<a href="#cite_note-55">[51]</a> He was promoted to <a href="/wiki/Corporal" title="Corporal">corporal</a> on July 11 before receiving an <a href="/wiki/Honorable_discharge" class="mw-redirect" title="Honorable discharge">honorable discharge</a> on July 26, 1946.<a href="#cite_note-56">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[e]</a> After completing his doctorate and a <a href="/wiki/Postdoctoral_researcher" title="Postdoctoral researcher">postdoctoral</a> year with <a href="/wiki/Robert_Elderfield" title="Robert Elderfield">Robert Elderfield</a>,<a href="#cite_note-59">[54]</a> Asimov was offered the position of <a href="/wiki/Associate_professor" title="Associate professor">associate professor</a> of <a href="/wiki/Biochemistry" title="Biochemistry">biochemistry</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Boston_University_School_of_Medicine" title="Boston University School of Medicine">Boston University School of Medicine</a>. This was in large part due to his years-long correspondence with <a href="/wiki/William_C._Boyd" title="William C. Boyd">William Boyd</a>, a former associate professor of biochemistry at Boston University, who initially contacted Asimov to compliment him on his story <a href="/wiki/Nightfall_(Asimov_novelette_and_novel)" title="Nightfall (Asimov novelette and novel)">Nightfall</a>.<a href="#cite_note-60">[55]</a> Upon receiving a promotion to professor of <a href="/wiki/Immunochemistry" title="Immunochemistry">immunochemistry</a>, Boyd reached out to Asimov, requesting him to be his replacement. The initial offer of professorship was withdrawn and Asimov was offered the position of instructor of biochemistry instead, which he accepted.<a href="#cite_note-p546-61">[56]</a> He began work in 1949 with a $5,000 salary<a href="#cite_note-earlyyears560_564-62">[57]</a> (equivalent to $64,000 in 2023), maintaining this position for several years.<a href="#cite_note-wiredforbooks-63">[58]</a> By 1952, however, he was making more money as a writer than from the university, and he eventually stopped doing research, confining his university role to lecturing students.<a href="#cite_note-65">[f]</a> In 1955, he was promoted to <a href="/wiki/Tenure" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenure">tenured</a> associate professor. In December 1957, Asimov was dismissed from his teaching post, with effect from June 30, 1958, due to his lack of research. After a struggle over two years, he reached an agreement with the university that he would keep his title<a href="#cite_note-66">[60]</a> and give the opening lecture each year for a biochemistry class.<a href="#cite_note-nichols19690803-67">[61]</a> On October 18, 1979, the university honored his writing by promoting him to full professor of biochemistry.<a href="#cite_note-68">[62]</a> Asimov's personal papers from 1965 onward are archived at the university's <a href="/wiki/Mugar_Memorial_Library" title="Mugar Memorial Library">Mugar Memorial Library</a>, to which he donated them at the request of curator Howard Gotlieb.<a href="#cite_note-69">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[64]</a> In 1959, after a recommendation from <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Obermayer" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Obermayer">Arthur Obermayer</a>, Asimov's friend and a scientist on the <a href="/wiki/U.S._missile_defense" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. missile defense">U.S. missile defense</a> project, Asimov was approached by <a href="/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA">DARPA</a> to join Obermayer's team. Asimov declined on the grounds that his ability to write freely would be impaired should he receive <a href="/wiki/Classified_information" title="Classified information">classified information</a>, but submitted a paper to DARPA titled "On Creativity"<a href="#cite_note-technologyreview.com-71">[65]</a> containing ideas on how government-based science projects could encourage team members to think more creatively.<a href="#cite_note-72">[66]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Asimov&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Personal life">edit</a>]</div> Asimov met his first wife, Gertrude Blugerman (May 16, 1917, <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, Canada<a href="#cite_note-73">[67]</a> – October 17, 1990, <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, U.S.<a href="#cite_note-74">[68]</a>), on a <a href="/wiki/Blind_date" title="Blind date">blind date</a> on February 14, 1942, and married her on July 26.<a href="#cite_note-75">[69]</a> The couple lived in an apartment in <a href="/wiki/West_Philadelphia" title="West Philadelphia">West Philadelphia</a> while Asimov was employed at the Philadelphia Navy Yard (where two of his co-workers were <a href="/wiki/L._Sprague_de_Camp" title="L. Sprague de Camp">L. Sprague de Camp</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Heinlein" title="Robert A. Heinlein">Robert A. Heinlein</a>). Gertrude returned to Brooklyn while he was in the army, and they both lived there from July 1946 before moving to <a href="/wiki/Stuyvesant_Town" class="mw-redirect" title="Stuyvesant Town">Stuyvesant Town</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, in July 1948. They moved to <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a> in May 1949, then to nearby suburbs <a href="/wiki/Somerville,_Massachusetts" title="Somerville, Massachusetts">Somerville</a> in July 1949, <a href="/wiki/Waltham,_Massachusetts" title="Waltham, Massachusetts">Waltham</a> in May 1951, and, finally, <a href="/wiki/West_Newton,_Massachusetts" title="West Newton, Massachusetts">West Newton</a> in 1956.<a href="#cite_note-76">[70]</a> They had two children, David (born 1951) and Robyn Joan (born 1955).<a href="#cite_note-77">[71]</a> In 1970, they separated and Asimov moved back to New York, this time to the <a href="/wiki/Upper_West_Side" title="Upper West Side">Upper West Side</a> of Manhattan where he lived for the rest of his life.<a href="#cite_note-78">[72]</a> He began seeing <a href="/wiki/Janet_Asimov" title="Janet Asimov">Janet O. Jeppson</a>, a psychiatrist and science-fiction writer, and married her on November 30, 1973,<a href="#cite_note-79">[73]</a> two weeks after his divorce from Gertrude.<a href="#cite_note-80">[74]</a> Asimov was a <a href="/wiki/Claustrophilia" title="Claustrophilia">claustrophile</a>: he enjoyed small, enclosed spaces.<a href="#cite_note-81">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[g]</a> In the third volume of his autobiography, he recalls a childhood desire to own a magazine stand in a <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Subway" title="New York City Subway">New York City Subway</a> station, within which he could enclose himself and listen to the rumble of passing trains while reading.<a href="#cite_note-83">[76]</a> Asimov was <a href="/wiki/Fear_of_flying" title="Fear of flying">afraid of flying</a>, doing so only twice: once in the course of his work at the Naval Air Experimental Station and once returning home from <a href="/wiki/Oahu" title="Oahu">Oʻahu</a> in 1946. Consequently, he seldom traveled great distances. This phobia influenced several of his fiction works, such as the <a href="/wiki/Wendell_Urth" class="mw-redirect" title="Wendell Urth">Wendell Urth</a> mystery stories and the Robot novels featuring <a href="/wiki/Elijah_Baley" title="Elijah Baley">Elijah Baley</a>. In his later years, Asimov found enjoyment traveling on <a href="/wiki/Cruise_ship" title="Cruise ship">cruise ships</a>, beginning in 1972 when he viewed the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_17" title="Apollo 17">Apollo 17</a> launch from a <a href="/wiki/SS_Statendam_(1956)" title="SS Statendam (1956)">cruise ship</a>.<a href="#cite_note-84">[77]</a> On several cruises, he was part of the entertainment program, giving science-themed talks aboard ships such as the <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_2" title="Queen Elizabeth 2">Queen Elizabeth 2</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Acrophobia-85">[78]</a> He sailed to England in June 1974 on the <a href="/wiki/SS_France_(1960)" title="SS France (1960)">SS France</a> for a trip mostly devoted to lectures in London and Birmingham,<a href="#cite_note-86">[79]</a> though he also found time to visit <a href="/wiki/Stonehenge" title="Stonehenge">Stonehenge</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[80]</a> and Shakespeare's birthplace.<a href="#cite_note-88">[81]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Isaac_and_Janet_Asimov.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/55/Isaac_and_Janet_Asimov.jpg/220px-Isaac_and_Janet_Asimov.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="350" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/55/Isaac_and_Janet_Asimov.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="398" /></a><figcaption>Asimov with his second wife, Janet. "They became a permanent feature of my face, and it is now difficult to believe early photographs that show me without sideburns."<a href="#cite_note-89">[82]</a> (Photo by Jay Kay Klein.)</figcaption></figure> Asimov was a <a href="/wiki/Teetotalism" title="Teetotalism">teetotaler</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsimov1971[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisaacasimovstrea00asimpage106mode2up_106]-90">[83]</a> He was an able public speaker and was regularly invited to give talks about science in his distinct <a href="/wiki/New_York_accent" title="New York accent">New York accent</a>. He participated in many <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_convention" title="Science fiction convention">science fiction conventions</a>, where he was friendly and approachable.<a href="#cite_note-Acrophobia-85">[78]</a> He patiently answered tens of thousands of questions and other mail with postcards and was pleased to give autographs. He was of medium height, 5 ft 9 in (1.75 m)<a href="#cite_note-91">[84]</a> and stocky build. In his later years, he adopted a signature style of "mutton-chop" <a href="/wiki/Sideburns" title="Sideburns">sideburns</a>.<a href="#cite_note-92">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[86]</a> He took to wearing <a href="/wiki/Bolo_tie" title="Bolo tie">bolo ties</a> after his wife Janet objected to his clip-on bow ties.<a href="#cite_note-94">[87]</a> He never learned to swim or ride a bicycle, but did learn to drive a car after he moved to Boston. In his humor book Asimov Laughs Again, he describes Boston driving as "anarchy on wheels".<a href="#cite_note-95">[88]</a> Asimov's wide interests included his participation in later years in organizations devoted to the <a href="/wiki/Comic_opera" title="Comic opera">comic operas</a> of <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_and_Sullivan" title="Gilbert and Sullivan">Gilbert and Sullivan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Acrophobia-85">[78]</a> Many of his short stories mention or quote Gilbert and Sullivan.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhite200583,_219–220-96">[89]</a> He was a prominent member of <a href="/wiki/The_Baker_Street_Irregulars" title="The Baker Street Irregulars">The Baker Street Irregulars</a>, the leading <a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes">Sherlock Holmes</a> society,<a href="#cite_note-Acrophobia-85">[78]</a> for whom he wrote an essay arguing that Professor Moriarty's work "The Dynamics of An Asteroid" involved the willful destruction of an ancient, civilized planet. He was also a member of the male-only literary banqueting club the <a href="/wiki/Trap_Door_Spiders" title="Trap Door Spiders">Trap Door Spiders</a>, which served as the basis of his fictional group of mystery solvers, the <a href="/wiki/Black_Widowers" title="Black Widowers">Black Widowers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Asimov_p376-377-97">[90]</a> He later used his essay on Moriarty's work as the basis for a Black Widowers story, "<a href="/wiki/The_Ultimate_Crime" title="The Ultimate Crime">The Ultimate Crime</a>", which appeared in <a href="/wiki/More_Tales_of_the_Black_Widowers" title="More Tales of the Black Widowers">More Tales of the Black Widowers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-98">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[92]</a> In 1984, the <a href="/wiki/American_Humanist_Association" title="American Humanist Association">American Humanist Association</a> (AHA) named him the Humanist of the Year. He was one of the signers of the <a href="/wiki/Humanist_Manifesto_II" title="Humanist Manifesto II">Humanist Manifesto</a>.<a href="#cite_note-100">[93]</a> From 1985 until his death in 1992, he served as honorary president of the AHA, and was succeeded by his friend and fellow writer <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Vonnegut" title="Kurt Vonnegut">Kurt Vonnegut</a>. He was also a close friend of <a href="/wiki/Star_Trek" title="Star Trek">Star Trek</a> creator <a href="/wiki/Gene_Roddenberry" title="Gene Roddenberry">Gene Roddenberry</a>, and earned a screen credit as "special science consultant" on <a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_The_Motion_Picture" title="Star Trek: The Motion Picture">Star Trek: The Motion Picture</a> for his advice during production.<a href="#cite_note-theguardian.com-101">[94]</a> Asimov was a founding member of the Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal, CSICOP (now the <a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Skeptical_Inquiry" title="Committee for Skeptical Inquiry">Committee for Skeptical Inquiry</a>)<a href="#cite_note-102">[95]</a> and is listed in its Pantheon of Skeptics.<a href="#cite_note-103">[96]</a> In a discussion with <a href="/wiki/James_Randi" title="James Randi">James Randi</a> at <a href="/wiki/CSICon" title="CSICon">CSICon 2016</a> regarding the founding of CSICOP, <a href="/wiki/Kendrick_Frazier" title="Kendrick Frazier">Kendrick Frazier</a> said that Asimov was "a key figure in the <a href="/wiki/Skeptical_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Skeptical movement">Skeptical movement</a> who is less well known and appreciated today, but was very much in the public eye back then." He said that Asimov's being associated with CSICOP "gave it immense status and authority" in his eyes.<a href="#cite_note-104">[97]</a>: 13:00  Asimov described <a href="/wiki/Carl_Sagan" title="Carl Sagan">Carl Sagan</a> as one of only two people he ever met whose intellect surpassed his own. The other, he claimed, was the <a href="/wiki/Computer_scientist" title="Computer scientist">computer scientist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a> expert <a href="/wiki/Marvin_Minsky" title="Marvin Minsky">Marvin Minsky</a>.<a href="#cite_note-105">[98]</a> Asimov was an on-and-off member and honorary vice president of <a href="/wiki/Mensa_International" title="Mensa International">Mensa International</a>, albeit reluctantly;<a href="#cite_note-106">[99]</a> he described some members of that organization as "brain-proud and aggressive about their IQs".<a href="#cite_note-107">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[h]</a> After his father died in 1969, Asimov annually contributed to a Judah Asimov Scholarship Fund at <a href="/wiki/Brandeis_University" title="Brandeis University">Brandeis University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-111">[103]</a> In 2006, he was named by <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Corporation_of_New_York" title="Carnegie Corporation of New York">Carnegie Corporation of New York</a> to the inaugural class of winners of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Immigrants_Award" title="Great Immigrants Award">Great Immigrants Award</a>.<a href="#cite_note-112">[104]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Illness_and_death">Illness and death</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Asimov&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Illness and death">edit</a>]</div> In 1977, Asimov had a <a href="/wiki/Heart_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Heart attack">heart attack</a>. In December 1983, he had <a href="/wiki/Coronary_artery_bypass_surgery" title="Coronary artery bypass surgery">triple bypass surgery</a> at NYU Medical Center, during which he contracted <a href="/wiki/HIV" title="HIV">HIV</a> from a <a href="/wiki/Blood_transfusion" title="Blood transfusion">blood transfusion</a>.<a href="#cite_note-faq-nonlit-113">[105]</a> His HIV status was kept secret out of concern that the <a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_people_with_HIV/AIDS" title="Discrimination against people with HIV/AIDS">anti-AIDS prejudice</a> might extend to his family members.<a href="#cite_note-Aids-114">[106]</a> He died in Manhattan on April 6, 1992, and was cremated.<a href="#cite_note-115">[107]</a> The cause of death was reported as heart and <a href="/wiki/Renal_failure" class="mw-redirect" title="Renal failure">kidney failure</a>.<a href="#cite_note-obit-116">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-janetLetter-118">[110]</a> Ten years following Asimov's death, Janet and Robyn Asimov agreed that the HIV story should be made public; Janet revealed it in her edition of his autobiography, <a href="/wiki/It%27s_Been_a_Good_Life" title="It's Been a Good Life">It's Been a Good Life</a>.<a href="#cite_note-faq-nonlit-113">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-janetLetter-118">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-Aids-114">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[111]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Writings">Writings</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Asimov&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Writings">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">[T]he only thing about myself that I consider to be severe enough to warrant psychoanalytic treatment is my compulsion to write ... That means that my idea of a pleasant time is to go up to my attic, sit at my electric typewriter (as I am doing right now), and bang away, watching the words take shape like magic before my eyes.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Asimov, 1969<a href="#cite_note-120">[112]</a></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overview">Overview</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Asimov&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Overview">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Laws_of_robotics" title="Laws of robotics">Laws of robotics</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Isaac Asimov</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Three_Laws_of_Robotics" title="Three Laws of Robotics">Three Laws of Robotics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Three_Laws_of_Robotics_in_popular_culture" title="The Three Laws of Robotics in popular culture">in popular culture</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Related topics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roboethics" class="mw-redirect" title="Roboethics">Roboethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethics_of_artificial_intelligence" title="Ethics of artificial intelligence">Ethics of AI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machine_ethics" title="Machine ethics">Machine ethics</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Robotic_laws" title="Template:Robotic laws"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Robotic_laws" title="Template talk:Robotic laws"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Robotic_laws" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Robotic laws"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Asimov's career can be divided into several periods. His early career, dominated by science fiction, began with short stories in 1939 and novels in 1950. This lasted until about 1958, all but ending after publication of <a href="/wiki/The_Naked_Sun" title="The Naked Sun">The Naked Sun</a> (1957). He began publishing nonfiction as co-author of a college-level textbook called Biochemistry and Human Metabolism. Following the brief orbit of the first human-made satellite <a href="/wiki/Sputnik_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Sputnik I">Sputnik I</a> by the USSR in 1957, he wrote more nonfiction, particularly <a href="/wiki/Popular_science" title="Popular science">popular science</a> books, and less science fiction. Over the next quarter-century, he wrote only four science fiction novels, and 120 nonfiction books. Starting in 1982, the second half of his science fiction career began with the publication of <a href="/wiki/Foundation%27s_Edge" title="Foundation's Edge">Foundation's Edge</a>. From then until his death, Asimov published several more sequels and prequels to his existing novels, tying them together in a way he had not originally anticipated, making a unified series. There are many inconsistencies in this unification, especially in his earlier stories.<a href="#cite_note-121">[113]</a> <a href="/wiki/Doubleday_(publisher)" title="Doubleday (publisher)">Doubleday</a> and <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin" class="mw-redirect" title="Houghton Mifflin">Houghton Mifflin</a> published about 60% of his work up to 1969, Asimov stating that "both represent a father image".<a href="#cite_note-nichols19690803-67">[61]</a> Asimov believed his most enduring contributions would be his "<a href="/wiki/Three_Laws_of_Robotics" title="Three Laws of Robotics">Three Laws of Robotics</a>" and the <a href="/wiki/Foundation_Series" class="mw-redirect" title="Foundation Series">Foundation series</a>.<a href="#cite_note-122">[114]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a> credits his science fiction for introducing into the English language the words "<a href="/wiki/Robotics" title="Robotics">robotics</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Positronic_brain" title="Positronic brain">positronic</a>" (an entirely fictional technology), and "<a href="/wiki/Psychohistory_(fictional)" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychohistory (fictional)">psychohistory</a>" (which is also used for a <a href="/wiki/Psychohistory" title="Psychohistory">different study</a> on historical motivations). Asimov coined the term "robotics" without suspecting that it might be an original word; at the time, he believed it was simply the natural analogue of words such as <a href="/wiki/Mechanics" title="Mechanics">mechanics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hydraulics" title="Hydraulics">hydraulics</a>, but for <a href="/wiki/Robot" title="Robot">robots</a>. Unlike his word "psychohistory", the word "robotics" continues in mainstream technical use with Asimov's original definition. <a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_The_Next_Generation" title="Star Trek: The Next Generation">Star Trek: The Next Generation</a> featured <a href="/wiki/Android_(robot)" title="Android (robot)">androids</a> with "<a href="/wiki/Positronic_brain" title="Positronic brain">positronic brains</a>" and the first-season episode "<a href="/wiki/Datalore" title="Datalore">Datalore</a>" called the positronic brain "Asimov's dream".<a href="#cite_note-123">[115]</a> Asimov was so prolific and diverse in his writing that his books span all major categories of the <a href="/wiki/Dewey_Decimal_Classification" title="Dewey Decimal Classification">Dewey Decimal Classification</a> except for category 100, <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Psychology" title="Psychology">psychology</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AsimovFAQ-DeweyDecimal-124">[116]</a> However, he wrote several essays about psychology,<a href="#cite_note-125">[117]</a> and forewords for the books The Humanist Way (1988) and In Pursuit of Truth (1982),<a href="#cite_note-Popper-126">[118]</a> which were classified in the 100s category, but none of his own books were classified in that category.<a href="#cite_note-AsimovFAQ-DeweyDecimal-124">[116]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>'s Index Translationum database, Asimov is the world's 24th-most-translated author.<a href="#cite_note-127">[119]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Science_fiction">Science fiction</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Asimov&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Science fiction">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">No matter how various the subject matter I write on, I was a science-fiction writer first and it is as a science-fiction writer that I want to be identified.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Asimov, 1980<a href="#cite_note-128">[120]</a></cite></div></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GXY5101_0000fc.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/GXY5101_0000fc.jpg/220px-GXY5101_0000fc.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/GXY5101_0000fc.jpg/330px-GXY5101_0000fc.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/GXY5101_0000fc.jpg/440px-GXY5101_0000fc.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="2238" /></a><figcaption>The first installment of Asimov's Tyrann was the cover story in the fourth issue of <a href="/wiki/Galaxy_Science_Fiction" title="Galaxy Science Fiction">Galaxy Science Fiction</a> in 1951. The novel was issued in book form later that year as <a href="/wiki/The_Stars_Like_Dust" class="mw-redirect" title="The Stars Like Dust">The Stars Like Dust</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Galaxy_195310.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Galaxy_195310.jpg/220px-Galaxy_195310.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Galaxy_195310.jpg/330px-Galaxy_195310.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/Galaxy_195310.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="543" /></a><figcaption>The first installment of Asimov's <a href="/wiki/The_Caves_of_Steel" title="The Caves of Steel">The Caves of Steel</a> on the cover of the October 1953 issue of <a href="/wiki/Galaxy_Science_Fiction" title="Galaxy Science Fiction">Galaxy Science Fiction</a>, illustrated by <a href="/wiki/Ed_Emshwiller" title="Ed Emshwiller">Ed Emshwiller</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Weird_Tales_September_1950.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Weird_Tales_September_1950.jpg/220px-Weird_Tales_September_1950.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="317" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/Weird_Tales_September_1950.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="475" /></a><figcaption>The novelette "Legal Rites", a collaboration with <a href="/wiki/Frederik_Pohl" title="Frederik Pohl">Frederik Pohl</a>, the only Asimov story to appear in <a href="/wiki/Weird_Tales" title="Weird Tales">Weird Tales</a></figcaption></figure> Asimov became a science fiction fan in 1929,<a href="#cite_note-earlyyears1_9-129">[121]</a> when he began reading the <a href="/wiki/Pulp_magazine" title="Pulp magazine">pulp magazines</a> sold in his family's candy store.<a href="#cite_note-130">[122]</a> At first his father forbade reading pulps until Asimov persuaded him that because the <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_magazine" title="Science fiction magazine">science fiction magazines</a> had "Science" in the title, they must be educational.<a href="#cite_note-131">[123]</a> At age 18 he joined the <a href="/wiki/Futurians" title="Futurians">Futurians</a> <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_fandom" title="Science fiction fandom">science fiction fan club</a>, where he made friends who went on to become science fiction writers or editors.<a href="#cite_note-132">[124]</a> Asimov began writing at the age of 11, imitating <a href="/wiki/The_Rover_Boys" class="mw-redirect" title="The Rover Boys">The Rover Boys</a> with eight chapters of The Greenville Chums at College. His father bought him a used typewriter at age 16.<a href="#cite_note-nichols19690803-67">[61]</a> His first published work was a humorous item on the birth of his brother for Boys High School's literary journal in 1934. In May 1937 he first thought of writing professionally, and began writing his first science fiction story, "Cosmic Corkscrew" (now lost), that year. On May 17, 1938, puzzled by a change in the schedule of <a href="/wiki/Astounding_Science_Fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Astounding Science Fiction">Astounding Science Fiction</a>, Asimov visited its publisher <a href="/wiki/Street_%26_Smith_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="Street & Smith Publications">Street & Smith Publications</a>. Inspired by the visit, he finished the story on June 19, 1938, and personally submitted it to Astounding editor <a href="/wiki/John_W._Campbell" title="John W. Campbell">John W. Campbell</a> two days later. Campbell met with Asimov for more than an hour and promised to read the story himself. Two days later he received a detailed rejection letter.<a href="#cite_note-earlyyears1_9-129">[121]</a> This was the first of what became almost weekly meetings with the editor while Asimov lived in New York, until moving to Boston in 1949;<a href="#cite_note-earlyyears560_564-62">[57]</a> Campbell had a strong formative influence on Asimov and became a personal friend.<a href="#cite_note-133">[125]</a> By the end of the month, Asimov completed a second story, "<a href="/wiki/The_Callistan_Menace" title="The Callistan Menace">Stowaway</a>". Campbell rejected it on July 22 but—in "the nicest possible letter you could imagine"—encouraged him to continue writing, promising that Asimov might sell his work after another year and a dozen stories of practice.<a href="#cite_note-earlyyears1_9-129">[121]</a> On October 21, 1938, he sold the third story he finished, "<a href="/wiki/Marooned_Off_Vesta" class="mw-redirect" title="Marooned Off Vesta">Marooned Off Vesta</a>", to <a href="/wiki/Amazing_Stories" title="Amazing Stories">Amazing Stories</a>, edited by <a href="/wiki/Raymond_A._Palmer" title="Raymond A. Palmer">Raymond A. Palmer</a>, and it appeared in the March 1939 issue. Asimov was paid $64 (equivalent to $1,385 in 2023), or one cent a word.<a href="#cite_note-nichols19690803-67">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-earlyyears25_28-134">[126]</a> Two more stories appeared that year, "<a href="/wiki/The_Weapon_Too_Dreadful_to_Use" title="The Weapon Too Dreadful to Use">The Weapon Too Dreadful to Use</a>" in the May Amazing and "<a href="/wiki/Trends_(short_story)" title="Trends (short story)">Trends</a>" in the July Astounding, the issue fans later selected as the start of the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Science_Fiction" title="Golden Age of Science Fiction">Golden Age of Science Fiction</a>.<a href="#cite_note-earlyyears79_82-19">[16]</a> For 1940, <a href="/wiki/ISFDB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISFDB">ISFDB</a> catalogs seven stories in four different pulp magazines, including one in Astounding.<a href="#cite_note-isfdb-135">[127]</a> His earnings became enough to pay for his education, but not yet enough for him to become a full-time writer.<a href="#cite_note-earlyyears25_28-134">[126]</a> He later said that unlike other Golden Age writers Heinlein and <a href="/wiki/A._E._van_Vogt" title="A. E. van Vogt">A. E. van Vogt</a>—also first published in 1939, and whose talent and stardom were immediately obvious—Asimov "(this is not false modesty) came up only gradually".<a href="#cite_note-earlyyears79_82-19">[16]</a> Through July 29, 1940, Asimov wrote 22 stories in 25 months, of which 13 were published; he wrote in 1972 that from that date he never wrote a science fiction story that was not published (except for two "special cases"<a href="#cite_note-138">[i]</a>).<a href="#cite_note-earlyyears245-139">[130]</a> By 1941 Asimov was famous enough that <a href="/wiki/Donald_Wollheim" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald Wollheim">Donald Wollheim</a> told him that he purchased "<a href="/wiki/The_Secret_Sense" title="The Secret Sense">The Secret Sense</a>" for a new magazine only because of his name,<a href="#cite_note-earlyyears166_169-140">[131]</a> and the December 1940 issue of Astonishing—featuring Asimov's name in bold—was the first magazine to base <a href="/wiki/Cover_art" title="Cover art">cover art</a> on his work,<a href="#cite_note-earlyyears202_205-141">[132]</a> but Asimov later said that neither he nor anyone else—except perhaps Campbell—considered him better than an often published "third rater".<a href="#cite_note-earlyyears335_339-142">[133]</a> Based on a conversation with Campbell, Asimov wrote "<a href="/wiki/Nightfall_(Asimov_short_story)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nightfall (Asimov short story)">Nightfall</a>", his 32nd story, in March and April 1941, and Astounding published it in September 1941. In 1968 the <a href="/wiki/Science_Fiction_Writers_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Science Fiction Writers of America">Science Fiction Writers of America</a> voted "Nightfall" the best science fiction short story ever written.<a href="#cite_note-obit-116">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-earlyyears335_339-142">[133]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Nightfall_and_Other_Stories" title="Nightfall and Other Stories">Nightfall and Other Stories</a> Asimov wrote, "The writing of 'Nightfall' was a watershed in my professional career ... I was suddenly taken seriously and the world of science fiction became aware that I existed. As the years passed, in fact, it became evident that I had written a 'classic'."<a href="#cite_note-143">[134]</a> "Nightfall" is an archetypal example of <a href="/wiki/Social_science_fiction" title="Social science fiction">social science fiction</a>, a term he created to describe a new trend in the 1940s, led by authors including him and Heinlein, away from <a href="/wiki/Gadget" title="Gadget">gadgets</a> and <a href="/wiki/Space_opera" title="Space opera">space opera</a> and toward speculation about the <a href="/wiki/Human_condition" title="Human condition">human condition</a>.<a href="#cite_note-144">[135]</a> After writing "<a href="/wiki/Victory_Unintentional" title="Victory Unintentional">Victory Unintentional</a>" in January and February 1942, Asimov did not write another story for a year. He expected to make chemistry his career, and was paid $2,600 annually at the Philadelphia Navy Yard, enough to marry his girlfriend; he did not expect to make much more from writing than the $1,788.50 he had earned from the 28 stories he had already sold over four years. Asimov left science fiction fandom and no longer read new magazines, and might have left the writing profession had not Heinlein and de Camp been his coworkers at the Navy Yard and previously sold stories continued to appear.<a href="#cite_note-earlyyears390_397-145">[136]</a> In 1942, Asimov published the first of his Foundation stories—later collected in the <a href="/wiki/Foundation_Trilogy" class="mw-redirect" title="Foundation Trilogy">Foundation trilogy</a>: <a href="/wiki/Foundation_(Isaac_Asimov_novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Foundation (Isaac Asimov novel)">Foundation</a> (1951), <a href="/wiki/Foundation_and_Empire" title="Foundation and Empire">Foundation and Empire</a> (1952), and <a href="/wiki/Second_Foundation" title="Second Foundation">Second Foundation</a> (1953). The books describe the fall of a vast <a href="/wiki/Galactic_Empire_(Asimov)" class="mw-redirect" title="Galactic Empire (Asimov)">interstellar empire</a> and the establishment of its eventual successor. They feature his fictional science of <a href="/wiki/Psychohistory_(fictional)" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychohistory (fictional)">psychohistory</a>, whose theories could predict the future course of history according to dynamical laws regarding the statistical analysis of mass human actions.<a href="#cite_note-146">[137]</a> Campbell raised his rate per word, <a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Orson Welles</a> purchased rights to "<a href="/wiki/Evidence_(short_story)" title="Evidence (short story)">Evidence</a>", and anthologies reprinted his stories. By the end of the war Asimov was earning as a writer an amount equal to half of his Navy Yard salary, even after a raise, but Asimov still did not believe that writing could support him, his wife, and future children.<a href="#cite_note-earlyyears442_443-147">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-earlyyears466_470-148">[139]</a> His <a href="/wiki/Robot_series" title="Robot series">"positronic" robot stories</a>—many of which were collected in <a href="/wiki/I,_Robot" title="I, Robot">I, Robot</a> (1950)—were begun at about the same time. They promulgated a set of rules of <a href="/wiki/Ethics" title="Ethics">ethics</a> for robots (see <a href="/wiki/Three_Laws_of_Robotics" title="Three Laws of Robotics">Three Laws of Robotics</a>) and intelligent machines that greatly influenced other writers and thinkers in their treatment of the subject. Asimov notes in his introduction to the short story collection <a href="/wiki/The_Complete_Robot" title="The Complete Robot">The Complete Robot</a> (1982) that he was largely inspired by the tendency of robots up to that time to fall consistently into a <a href="/wiki/Frankenstein" title="Frankenstein">Frankenstein</a> plot in which they destroyed their creators. The Robot series has led to film adaptations. With Asimov's collaboration, in about 1977, <a href="/wiki/Harlan_Ellison" title="Harlan Ellison">Harlan Ellison</a> wrote a screenplay of I, Robot that Asimov hoped would lead to "the first really adult, complex, worthwhile <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_film" title="Science fiction film">science fiction film</a> ever made". The screenplay has never been filmed and was eventually published in book form in 1994. The 2004 movie <a href="/wiki/I,_Robot_(film)" title="I, Robot (film)">I, Robot</a>, starring <a href="/wiki/Will_Smith" title="Will Smith">Will Smith</a>, was based on an unrelated script by <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Vintar" title="Jeff Vintar">Jeff Vintar</a> titled Hardwired, with Asimov's ideas incorporated later after the rights to Asimov's title were acquired.<a href="#cite_note-149">[140]</a> (The title was not original to Asimov but had previously been used for <a href="/wiki/I,_Robot_(short_story)" title="I, Robot (short story)">a story</a> by <a href="/wiki/Eando_Binder" title="Eando Binder">Eando Binder</a>.) Also, one of Asimov's robot short stories, "<a href="/wiki/The_Bicentennial_Man" title="The Bicentennial Man">The Bicentennial Man</a>", was expanded into a novel <a href="/wiki/The_Positronic_Man" title="The Positronic Man">The Positronic Man</a> by Asimov and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Silverberg" title="Robert Silverberg">Robert Silverberg</a>, and this was adapted into the 1999 movie <a href="/wiki/Bicentennial_Man_(film)" title="Bicentennial Man (film)">Bicentennial Man</a>, starring <a href="/wiki/Robin_Williams" title="Robin Williams">Robin Williams</a>.<a href="#cite_note-theguardian.com-101">[94]</a> In 1966 the Foundation trilogy won the <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award" title="Hugo Award">Hugo Award</a> for the all-time best series of science fiction and fantasy novels,<a href="#cite_note-150">[141]</a> and they along with the <a href="/wiki/Robot_series" title="Robot series">Robot series</a> are his most famous science fiction. Besides movies, his Foundation and Robot stories have inspired other derivative works of science fiction literature, many by well-known and established authors such as <a href="/wiki/Roger_MacBride_Allen" title="Roger MacBride Allen">Roger MacBride Allen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greg_Bear" title="Greg Bear">Greg Bear</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Benford" title="Gregory Benford">Gregory Benford</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Brin" title="David Brin">David Brin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Donald_Kingsbury" title="Donald Kingsbury">Donald Kingsbury</a>. At least some of these appear to have been done with the blessing of, or at the request of, Asimov's widow, <a href="/wiki/Janet_Asimov" title="Janet Asimov">Janet Asimov</a>.<a href="#cite_note-151">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-152">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[144]</a> In 1948, he also wrote a <a href="/wiki/False_document" title="False document">spoof chemistry article</a>, "<a href="/wiki/Thiotimoline" title="Thiotimoline">The Endochronic Properties of Resublimated Thiotimoline</a>". At the time, Asimov was preparing his own doctoral <a href="/wiki/Dissertation" class="mw-redirect" title="Dissertation">dissertation</a>, which would include an oral examination. Fearing a prejudicial reaction from his graduate school evaluation board at <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>, Asimov asked his editor that it be released under a pseudonym. When it nevertheless appeared under his own name, Asimov grew concerned that his doctoral examiners might think he wasn't taking science seriously. At the end of the examination, one evaluator turned to him, smiling, and said, "What can you tell us, Mr. Asimov, about the thermodynamic properties of the compound known as thiotimoline". Laughing hysterically with relief, Asimov had to be led out of the room. After a five-minute wait, he was summoned back into the room and congratulated as "Dr. Asimov".<a href="#cite_note-earlyyears488_501-154">[145]</a> Demand for science fiction greatly increased during the 1950s, making it possible for a genre author to write full-time.<a href="#cite_note-latham2009-155">[146]</a> In 1949, book publisher <a href="/wiki/Doubleday_(publisher)" title="Doubleday (publisher)">Doubleday</a>'s science fiction editor Walter I. Bradbury accepted Asimov's unpublished "Grow Old with Me" (40,000 words), but requested that it be extended to a full novel of 70,000 words. The book appeared under the Doubleday imprint in January 1950 with the title of <a href="/wiki/Pebble_in_the_Sky" title="Pebble in the Sky">Pebble in the Sky</a>.<a href="#cite_note-earlyyears560_564-62">[57]</a> Doubleday published five more original science fiction novels by Asimov in the 1950s, along with the six juvenile <a href="/wiki/Lucky_Starr_series" title="Lucky Starr series">Lucky Starr novels</a>, the latter under the pseudonym "Paul French".<a href="#cite_note-156">[147]</a> Doubleday also published collections of Asimov's short stories, beginning with <a href="/wiki/The_Martian_Way_and_Other_Stories" title="The Martian Way and Other Stories">The Martian Way and Other Stories</a> in 1955. The early 1950s also saw <a href="/wiki/Gnome_Press" title="Gnome Press">Gnome Press</a> publish one collection of Asimov's positronic robot stories as <a href="/wiki/I,_Robot" title="I, Robot">I, Robot</a> and his <a href="/wiki/The_Foundation_Series" class="mw-redirect" title="The Foundation Series">Foundation</a> stories and novelettes as the three books of the Foundation trilogy. More positronic robot stories were republished in book form as <a href="/wiki/The_Rest_of_the_Robots" title="The Rest of the Robots">The Rest of the Robots</a>. Book publishers and the magazines <a href="/wiki/Galaxy_Science_Fiction" title="Galaxy Science Fiction">Galaxy</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Magazine_of_Fantasy_%26_Science_Fiction" title="The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction">Fantasy & Science Fiction</a> ended Asimov's dependence on Astounding. He later described the era as his "'mature' period". Asimov's "<a href="/wiki/The_Last_Question" title="The Last Question">The Last Question</a>" (1956), on the ability of humankind to cope with and potentially reverse the process of <a href="/wiki/Entropy" title="Entropy">entropy</a>, was his personal favorite story.<a href="#cite_note-asimov1973-157">[148]</a> In 1972, his stand-alone novel <a href="/wiki/The_Gods_Themselves" title="The Gods Themselves">The Gods Themselves</a> was published to general acclaim, winning Best Novel in the <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award_for_Best_Novel" title="Hugo Award for Best Novel">Hugo</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Jupiter174-158">[149]</a> <a href="/wiki/Nebula_Award_for_Best_Novel" title="Nebula Award for Best Novel">Nebula</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Jupiter174-158">[149]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Locus_Award_for_Best_Novel" title="Locus Award for Best Novel">Locus</a> Awards.<a href="#cite_note-159">[150]</a> In December 1974, former <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">Beatle</a> <a href="/wiki/Paul_McCartney" title="Paul McCartney">Paul McCartney</a> approached Asimov and asked him to write the screenplay for a science-fiction movie musical. McCartney had a vague idea for the plot and a small scrap of dialogue, about a rock band whose members discover they are being impersonated by extraterrestrials. The band and their impostors would likely be played by McCartney's group <a href="/wiki/Wings_(band)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wings (band)">Wings</a>, then at the height of their career. Though not generally a fan of rock music, Asimov was intrigued by the idea and quickly produced a treatment outline of the story adhering to McCartney's overall idea but omitting McCartney's scrap of dialogue. McCartney rejected it, and the treatment now exists only in the Boston University archives.<a href="#cite_note-160">[151]</a> Asimov said in 1969 that he had "the happiest of all my associations with science fiction magazines" with Fantasy & Science Fiction; "I have no complaints about Astounding, Galaxy, or any of the rest, heaven knows, but F&SF has become something special to me".<a href="#cite_note-161">[152]</a> Beginning in 1977, Asimov lent his name to Isaac Asimov's Science Fiction Magazine (now <a href="/wiki/Asimov%27s_Science_Fiction" title="Asimov's Science Fiction">Asimov's Science Fiction</a>) and wrote an editorial for each issue. There was also a short-lived <a href="/wiki/Asimov%27s_SF_Adventure_Magazine" title="Asimov's SF Adventure Magazine">Asimov's SF Adventure Magazine</a> and a companion Asimov's Science Fiction Anthology reprint series, published as magazines (in the same manner as the stablemates <a href="/wiki/Ellery_Queen%27s_Mystery_Magazine" title="Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine">Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine</a>'s and <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock%27s_Mystery_Magazine" title="Alfred Hitchcock's Mystery Magazine">Alfred Hitchcock's Mystery Magazine</a>'s "anthologies").<a href="#cite_note-162">[153]</a> Due to pressure by fans on Asimov to write another book in his Foundation series,<a href="#cite_note-wiredforbooks-63">[58]</a> he did so with <a href="/wiki/Foundation%27s_Edge" title="Foundation's Edge">Foundation's Edge</a> (1982) and <a href="/wiki/Foundation_and_Earth" title="Foundation and Earth">Foundation and Earth</a> (1986), and then went back to before the original trilogy with <a href="/wiki/Prelude_to_Foundation" title="Prelude to Foundation">Prelude to Foundation</a> (1988) and <a href="/wiki/Forward_the_Foundation" title="Forward the Foundation">Forward the Foundation</a> (1992), his last novel. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Popular_science">Popular science</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Asimov&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Popular science">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">Just say I am one of the most versatile writers in the world, and the greatest popularizer of many subjects.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Asimov, 1969<a href="#cite_note-nichols19690803-67">[61]</a></cite></div></blockquote> Asimov and two colleagues published a textbook in 1949, with two more editions by 1969.<a href="#cite_note-nichols19690803-67">[61]</a> During the late 1950s and 1960s, Asimov substantially decreased his fiction output (he published only four adult novels between 1957's <a href="/wiki/The_Naked_Sun" title="The Naked Sun">The Naked Sun</a> and 1982's <a href="/wiki/Foundation%27s_Edge" title="Foundation's Edge">Foundation's Edge</a>, two of which were mysteries). He greatly increased his nonfiction production, writing mostly on science topics; the launch of Sputnik in 1957 engendered <a href="/wiki/Sputnik_crisis" title="Sputnik crisis">public concern over a "science gap"</a>.<a href="#cite_note-163">[154]</a> Asimov explained in The Rest of the Robots that he had been unable to write substantial fiction since the summer of 1958, and observers understood him as saying that his fiction career had ended, or was permanently interrupted.<a href="#cite_note-budrys196506-164">[155]</a> Asimov recalled in 1969 that "the United States went into a kind of tizzy, and so did I. I was overcome by the ardent desire to write popular science for an America that might be in great danger through its neglect of science, and a number of publishers got an equally ardent desire to publish popular science for the same reason".<a href="#cite_note-nightfall321-165">[156]</a> Fantasy and Science Fiction invited Asimov to continue his regular nonfiction column, begun in the now-folded bimonthly companion magazine <a href="/wiki/Venture_Science_Fiction_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Venture Science Fiction Magazine">Venture Science Fiction Magazine</a>. The first of 399 monthly F&SF columns appeared in November 1958 and they continued until his terminal illness.<a href="#cite_note-166">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-400th_essay-167">[j]</a> These columns, periodically collected into books by Doubleday,<a href="#cite_note-nichols19690803-67">[61]</a> gave Asimov a reputation as a "Great Explainer" of science; he described them as his only popular science writing in which he never had to assume complete ignorance of the subjects on the part of his readers. The column was ostensibly dedicated to popular science but Asimov had complete editorial freedom, and wrote about contemporary social issues[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] in essays such as "Thinking About Thinking"<a href="#cite_note-168">[158]</a> and "Knock Plastic!".<a href="#cite_note-169">[159]</a> In 1975 he wrote of these essays: "I get more pleasure out of them than out of any other writing assignment."<a href="#cite_note-170">[160]</a> Asimov's first wide-ranging reference work, <a href="/wiki/The_Intelligent_Man%27s_Guide_to_Science" title="The Intelligent Man's Guide to Science">The Intelligent Man's Guide to Science</a> (1960), was nominated for a <a href="/wiki/National_Book_Award" title="National Book Award">National Book Award</a>, and in 1963 he won a <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award" title="Hugo Award">Hugo Award</a>—his first—for his essays for F&SF.<a href="#cite_note-1963hugo-171">[161]</a> The popularity of his science books and the income he derived from them allowed him to give up most academic responsibilities and become a full-time <a href="/wiki/Freelance_writer" class="mw-redirect" title="Freelance writer">freelance writer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-172">[162]</a> He encouraged other science fiction writers to write popular science, stating in 1967 that "the knowledgeable, skillful science writer is worth his weight in contracts", with "twice as much work as he can possibly handle".<a href="#cite_note-asimov196708-173">[163]</a> The great variety of information covered in Asimov's writings prompted <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Vonnegut" title="Kurt Vonnegut">Kurt Vonnegut</a> to ask, "How does it feel to know everything?" Asimov replied that he only knew how it felt to have the 'reputation' of omniscience: "Uneasy".<a href="#cite_note-174">[164]</a> <a href="/wiki/Floyd_C._Gale" class="mw-redirect" title="Floyd C. Gale">Floyd C. Gale</a> said that "Asimov has a rare talent. He can make your mental mouth water over dry facts",<a href="#cite_note-gale196008-175">[165]</a> and "science fiction's loss has been science popularization's gain".<a href="#cite_note-gale196112-176">[166]</a> Asimov said that "Of all the writing I do, fiction, non-fiction, adult, or juvenile, these F & SF articles are by far the most fun".<a href="#cite_note-177">[167]</a> He regretted, however, that he had less time for fiction—causing dissatisfied readers to send him letters of complaint—stating in 1969 that "In the last ten years, I've done a couple of novels, some collections, a dozen or so stories, but that's nothing".<a href="#cite_note-nightfall321-165">[156]</a> In his essay "To Tell a Chemist" (1965), Asimov proposed a simple <a href="/wiki/Shibboleth" title="Shibboleth">shibboleth</a> for distinguishing chemists from non-chemists: ask the person to read the word "unionized". Chemists, he noted, will read un-<a href="/wiki/Ionization" title="Ionization">ionized</a> (electrically neutral), while non-chemists will read <a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">union</a>-ized (belonging to a trade union). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coined_terms">Coined terms</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Asimov&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Coined terms">edit</a>]</div> Asimov coined the term "<a href="/wiki/Robotics" title="Robotics">robotics</a>" in his 1941 story "<a href="/wiki/Liar!_(short_story)" title="Liar! (short story)">Liar!</a>",<a href="#cite_note-178">[168]</a> though he later remarked that he believed then that he was merely using an existing word, as he stated in <a href="/wiki/Gold_(Asimov_book)" title="Gold (Asimov book)">Gold</a> ("The Robot Chronicles"). While acknowledging the Oxford Dictionary reference, he incorrectly states that the word was first printed about one third of the way down the first column of page 100 in the March 1942 issue of <a href="/wiki/Analog_Science_Fiction_and_Fact" title="Analog Science Fiction and Fact">Astounding Science Fiction</a> – the printing of his short story "<a href="/wiki/Runaround_(story)" title="Runaround (story)">Runaround</a>".<a href="#cite_note-179">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-180">[170]</a> In the same story, Asimov also coined the term "positronic" (the counterpart to "electronic" for <a href="/wiki/Positron" title="Positron">positrons</a>).<a href="#cite_note-181">[171]</a> Asimov coined the term "<a href="/wiki/Psychohistory_(fictional)" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychohistory (fictional)">psychohistory</a>" in his <a href="/wiki/Foundation_(book_series)" title="Foundation (book series)">Foundation</a> stories to name a fictional branch of science which combines <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">history</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sociology" title="Sociology">sociology</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mathematical_statistics" title="Mathematical statistics">mathematical statistics</a> to make general predictions about the future behavior of very large groups of people, such as the <a href="/wiki/Galactic_Empire_(Asimov)" class="mw-redirect" title="Galactic Empire (Asimov)">Galactic Empire</a>. Asimov said later that he should have called it psychosociology. It was first introduced in the five short stories (1942–1944) which would later be collected as the 1951 <a href="/wiki/Fix-up" title="Fix-up">fix-up</a> novel <a href="/wiki/Foundation_(Isaac_Asimov_novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Foundation (Isaac Asimov novel)">Foundation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-182">[172]</a> Somewhat later, the term "<a href="/wiki/Psychohistory" title="Psychohistory">psychohistory</a>" was applied by others to research of the effects of psychology on history.<a href="#cite_note-183">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-184">[174]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_writings">Other writings</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Asimov&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Other writings">edit</a>]</div> In addition to his interest in science, Asimov was interested in history. Starting in the 1960s, he wrote 14 popular history books, including The Greeks: A Great Adventure (1965),<a href="#cite_note-185">[175]</a> The Roman Republic (1966),<a href="#cite_note-186">[176]</a> The Roman Empire (1967),<a href="#cite_note-187">[177]</a> The Egyptians (1967)<a href="#cite_note-188">[178]</a> The Near East: 10,000 Years of History (1968),<a href="#cite_note-189">[179]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asimov%27s_Chronology_of_the_World" title="Asimov's Chronology of the World">Asimov's Chronology of the World</a> (1991).<a href="#cite_note-190">[180]</a> He published <a href="/wiki/Asimov%27s_Guide_to_the_Bible" title="Asimov's Guide to the Bible">Asimov's Guide to the Bible</a> in two volumes—covering the <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a> in 1967 and the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> in 1969—and then combined them into one 1,300-page volume in 1981. Complete with maps and tables, the guide goes through the books of the Bible in order, explaining the history of each one and the political influences that affected it, as well as biographical information about the important characters. His interest in literature manifested itself in several annotations of literary works, including <a href="/wiki/Asimov%27s_Guide_to_Shakespeare" title="Asimov's Guide to Shakespeare">Asimov's Guide to Shakespeare</a> (1970),<a href="#cite_note-191">[k]</a> Asimov's Annotated Don Juan (1972), Asimov's Annotated Paradise Lost (1974), and The Annotated Gulliver's Travels (1980).<a href="#cite_note-192">[181]</a> Asimov was also a noted mystery author and a frequent contributor to Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine. He began by writing science fiction mysteries such as his Wendell Urth stories, but soon moved on to writing "pure" mysteries. He published two full-length mystery novels, and wrote 66 stories about the <a href="/wiki/Black_Widowers" title="Black Widowers">Black Widowers</a>, a group of men who met monthly for dinner, conversation, and a puzzle. He got the idea for the Widowers from his own association in a stag group called the Trap Door Spiders, and all of the main characters (with the exception of the waiter, Henry, who he admitted resembled Wodehouse's Jeeves) were modeled after his closest friends.<a href="#cite_note-193">[182]</a> A parody of the Black Widowers, "An Evening with the White Divorcés," was written by author, critic, and librarian Jon L. Breen.<a href="#cite_note-194">[183]</a> Asimov joked, "all I can do ... is to wait until I catch him in a dark alley, someday."<a href="#cite_note-195">[184]</a> Toward the end of his life, Asimov published a series of collections of <a href="/wiki/Limerick_(poetry)" title="Limerick (poetry)">limericks</a>, mostly written by himself, starting with <a href="/wiki/Lecherous_Limericks" title="Lecherous Limericks">Lecherous Limericks</a>, which appeared in 1975. Limericks: Too Gross, whose title displays Asimov's love of <a href="/wiki/Pun" title="Pun">puns</a>, contains 144 limericks by Asimov and an equal number by <a href="/wiki/John_Ciardi" title="John Ciardi">John Ciardi</a>. He even created a slim volume of <a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes">Sherlockian</a> limericks. Asimov featured <a href="/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish">Yiddish</a> humor in <a href="/wiki/Azazel_(Asimov)" title="Azazel (Asimov)">Azazel, The Two Centimeter Demon</a>. The two main characters, both Jewish, talk over dinner, or lunch, or breakfast, about anecdotes of "George" and his friend Azazel. Asimov's <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov%27s_Treasury_of_Humor" title="Isaac Asimov's Treasury of Humor">Treasury of Humor</a> is both a working joke book and a treatise propounding his views on <a href="/wiki/Theory_of_humor" class="mw-redirect" title="Theory of humor">humor theory</a>. According to Asimov, the most essential element of humor is an abrupt change in point of view, one that suddenly shifts focus from the important to the trivial, or from the sublime to the ridiculous.<a href="#cite_note-Asimov_1971-196">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-Asimov_1992-197">[186]</a> Particularly in his later years, Asimov to some extent cultivated an image of himself as an amiable lecher. In 1971, as a response to the popularity of sexual guidebooks such as <a href="/wiki/The_Sensuous_Woman" title="The Sensuous Woman">The Sensuous Woman</a> (by "J") and <a href="/wiki/The_Sensuous_Man" title="The Sensuous Man">The Sensuous Man</a> (by "M"), Asimov published The Sensuous Dirty Old Man under the byline "Dr. 'A'"<a href="#cite_note-198">[187]</a> (although his full name was printed on the paperback edition, first published 1972). However, by 2016, Asimov's habit of groping women was seen as <a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment" title="Sexual harassment">sexual harassment</a> and came under criticism, and was cited as an early example of inappropriate behavior that can occur at science fiction conventions.<a href="#cite_note-199">[188]</a> Asimov published <a href="/wiki/Autobiographies_of_Isaac_Asimov" title="Autobiographies of Isaac Asimov">three volumes of autobiography</a>. In Memory Yet Green (1979)<a href="#cite_note-200">[189]</a> and In Joy Still Felt (1980)<a href="#cite_note-201">[190]</a> cover his life up to 1978. The third volume, I. Asimov: A Memoir (1994),<a href="#cite_note-202">[191]</a> covered his whole life (rather than following on from where the second volume left off). The epilogue was written by his widow <a href="/wiki/Janet_Asimov" title="Janet Asimov">Janet Asimov</a> after his death. The book won a <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award" title="Hugo Award">Hugo Award</a> in 1995.<a href="#cite_note-203">[192]</a> Janet Asimov edited <a href="/wiki/It%27s_Been_a_Good_Life" title="It's Been a Good Life">It's Been a Good Life</a> (2002),<a href="#cite_note-204">[193]</a> a condensed version of his three autobiographies. He also published three volumes of retrospectives of his writing, <a href="/wiki/Opus_100" title="Opus 100">Opus 100</a> (1969),<a href="#cite_note-Asimov_1969-205">[194]</a> <a href="/wiki/Opus_200" title="Opus 200">Opus 200</a> (1979),<a href="#cite_note-Asimov_1979-206">[195]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Opus_300" title="Opus 300">Opus 300</a> (1984).<a href="#cite_note-Asimov_1984-207">[196]</a> In 1987, the Asimovs co-wrote How to Enjoy Writing: A Book of Aid and Comfort. In it they offer advice on how to maintain a positive attitude and stay productive when dealing with discouragement, distractions, rejection, and thick-headed editors. The book includes many quotations, essays, anecdotes, and husband-wife dialogues about the ups and downs of being an author.<a href="#cite_note-208">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-209">[198]</a> Asimov and <a href="/wiki/Star_Trek" title="Star Trek">Star Trek</a> creator <a href="/wiki/Gene_Roddenberry" title="Gene Roddenberry">Gene Roddenberry</a> developed a unique relationship during Star Trek's initial launch in the late 1960s. Asimov wrote a critical essay on Star Trek's scientific accuracy for <a href="/wiki/TV_Guide" title="TV Guide">TV Guide</a> magazine. Roddenberry retorted respectfully with a personal letter explaining the limitations of accuracy when writing a weekly series. Asimov corrected himself with a follow-up essay to TV Guide claiming that despite its inaccuracies, Star Trek was a fresh and intellectually challenging <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_on_television" title="Science fiction on television">science fiction television</a> show. The two remained friends to the point where Asimov even served as an advisor on a number of Star Trek projects.<a href="#cite_note-210">[199]</a> In 1973, Asimov published a proposal for <a href="/wiki/Calendar_reform" title="Calendar reform">calendar reform</a>, called the World Season Calendar. It divides the year into four seasons (named A–D) of 13 weeks (91 days) each. This allows days to be named, e.g., "D-73" instead of December 1 (due to December 1 being the 73rd day of the 4th quarter). An extra 'year day' is added for a total of 365 days.<a href="#cite_note-211">[200]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Awards_and_recognition">Awards and recognition</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Asimov&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Awards and recognition">edit</a>]</div> Asimov won more than a dozen annual awards for particular works of science fiction and a half-dozen lifetime awards.<a href="#cite_note-SFAwards-212">[201]</a> He also received 14 <a href="/wiki/Honorary_doctorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Honorary doctorate">honorary doctorate</a> degrees from universities.<a href="#cite_note-213">[202]</a> <ul><li>1955 – Guest of Honor at the 13th <a href="/wiki/Worldcon" title="Worldcon">World Science Fiction Convention</a><a href="#cite_note-214">[203]</a></li> <li>1957 – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Alva_Edison" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Alva Edison">Thomas Alva Edison</a> Foundation Award for best science book for youth, for Building Blocks of the Universe<a href="#cite_note-215">[204]</a></li> <li>1960 – <a href="/wiki/Howard_W._Blakeslee" title="Howard W. Blakeslee">Howard W. Blakeslee</a> Award from the <a href="/wiki/American_Heart_Association" title="American Heart Association">American Heart Association</a> for The Living River<a href="#cite_note-216">[205]</a></li> <li>1962 – <a href="/wiki/Boston_University" title="Boston University">Boston University</a>'s Publication Merit Award<a href="#cite_note-217">[206]</a></li> <li>1963 – A special <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award" title="Hugo Award">Hugo Award</a> for "adding science to science fiction," for essays published in <a href="/wiki/The_Magazine_of_Fantasy_and_Science_Fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction">The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction</a><a href="#cite_note-1963hugo-171">[161]</a></li> <li>1963 – Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a><a href="#cite_note-AAAS-218">[207]</a></li> <li>1964 – The <a href="/wiki/Science_Fiction_Writers_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Science Fiction Writers of America">Science Fiction Writers of America</a> voted "Nightfall" (1941) the all-time best science fiction short story<a href="#cite_note-obit-116">[108]</a></li> <li>1965 – James T. Grady Award of the <a href="/wiki/American_Chemical_Society" title="American Chemical Society">American Chemical Society</a> (now called the <a href="/wiki/James_T._Grady-James_H._Stack_Award_for_Interpreting_Chemistry" title="James T. Grady-James H. Stack Award for Interpreting Chemistry">James T. Grady-James H. Stack Award for Interpreting Chemistry</a>)<a href="#cite_note-219">[208]</a></li> <li>1966 – Best All-time Novel Series Hugo Award for the <a href="/wiki/Foundation_(book_series)" title="Foundation (book series)">Foundation</a> trilogy<a href="#cite_note-220">[209]</a></li> <li>1967 – <a href="/wiki/Edward_E._Smith_Memorial_Award" title="Edward E. Smith Memorial Award">Edward E. Smith Memorial Award</a><a href="#cite_note-221">[210]</a></li> <li>1967 – <a href="/wiki/American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science" title="American Association for the Advancement of Science">AAAS</a>-<a href="/wiki/Westinghouse_Electric_Corporation" title="Westinghouse Electric Corporation">Westinghouse</a> <a href="/wiki/American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science#Awards_and_fellowships" title="American Association for the Advancement of Science">Science Writing Award for Magazine Writing</a>, for essay "Over the Edge of the Universe"<a href="#cite_note-222">[l]</a> (in the March 1967 <a href="/wiki/Harper%27s_Magazine" title="Harper's Magazine">Harper's Magazine</a>)<a href="#cite_note-223">[211]</a></li> <li>1972 – <a href="/wiki/Nebula_Award_for_Best_Novel" title="Nebula Award for Best Novel">Nebula Award for Best Novel</a> for <a href="/wiki/The_Gods_Themselves" title="The Gods Themselves">The Gods Themselves</a><a href="#cite_note-WWE-224">[212]</a></li> <li>1973 – <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award_for_Best_Novel" title="Hugo Award for Best Novel">Hugo Award for Best Novel</a> for The Gods Themselves<a href="#cite_note-WWE-224">[212]</a></li> <li>1973 – <a href="/wiki/Locus_Award_for_Best_Novel" title="Locus Award for Best Novel">Locus Award for Best Novel</a> for The Gods Themselves<a href="#cite_note-WWE-224">[212]</a></li> <li>1975 – Golden Plate Award of the American <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Achievement" title="Academy of Achievement">Academy of Achievement</a><a href="#cite_note-225">[213]</a></li> <li>1975 – <a href="/wiki/Klumpke-Roberts_Award" title="Klumpke-Roberts Award">Klumpke-Roberts Award</a> "for outstanding contributions to the public understanding and appreciation of astronomy"<a href="#cite_note-226">[214]</a></li> <li>1975 – <a href="/wiki/Locus_Award" title="Locus Award">Locus Award</a> for Best Reprint Anthology for <a href="/wiki/Before_the_Golden_Age" title="Before the Golden Age">Before the Golden Age</a><a href="#cite_note-sfadb.com-227">[215]</a></li> <li>1977 – <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award_for_Best_Novelette" title="Hugo Award for Best Novelette">Hugo Award for Best Novelette</a> for <a href="/wiki/The_Bicentennial_Man" title="The Bicentennial Man">The Bicentennial Man</a><a href="#cite_note-228">[216]</a></li> <li>1977 – <a href="/wiki/Nebula_Award_for_Best_Novelette" title="Nebula Award for Best Novelette">Nebula Award for Best Novelette</a> for The Bicentennial Man<a href="#cite_note-229">[217]</a></li> <li>1977 – <a href="/wiki/Locus_Award_for_Best_Novelette" title="Locus Award for Best Novelette">Locus Award for Best Novelette</a> for The Bicentennial Man<a href="#cite_note-230">[218]</a></li> <li>1981 – An asteroid, <a href="/wiki/5020_Asimov" class="mw-redirect" title="5020 Asimov">5020 Asimov</a>, was named in his honor<a href="#cite_note-asteroid-11">[8]</a></li> <li>1981 – <a href="/wiki/Locus_Award" title="Locus Award">Locus Award</a> for Best Non-Fiction Book for <a href="/wiki/Autobiographies_of_Isaac_Asimov" title="Autobiographies of Isaac Asimov">In Joy Still Felt: The Autobiography of Isaac Asimov, 1954–1978</a><a href="#cite_note-sfadb.com-227">[215]</a></li> <li>1983 – <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award_for_Best_Novel" title="Hugo Award for Best Novel">Hugo Award for Best Novel</a> for <a href="/wiki/Foundation%27s_Edge" title="Foundation's Edge">Foundation's Edge</a><a href="#cite_note-WWE-1983-231">[219]</a></li> <li>1983 – Locus Award for Best Science Fiction Novel for Foundation's Edge<a href="#cite_note-WWE-1983-231">[219]</a></li> <li>1984 – <a href="/wiki/Lifetime_Achievement_Award_in_Cultural_Humanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Lifetime Achievement Award in Cultural Humanism">Humanist of the Year</a><a href="#cite_note-232">[220]</a></li> <li>1986 – The <a href="/wiki/Science_Fiction_and_Fantasy_Writers_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America">Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America</a> named him its 8th <a href="/wiki/SFWA_Grand_Master" class="mw-redirect" title="SFWA Grand Master">SFWA Grand Master</a> (presented in 1987).<a href="#cite_note-SFWA-233">[221]</a></li> <li>1987 – <a href="/wiki/Locus_Award" title="Locus Award">Locus Award</a> for Best Short Story for "<a href="/wiki/Robot_Dreams_(short_story)" title="Robot Dreams (short story)">Robot Dreams</a>"<a href="#cite_note-234">[222]</a></li> <li>1992 – <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award_for_Best_Novelette" title="Hugo Award for Best Novelette">Hugo Award for Best Novelette</a> for "<a href="/wiki/Gold_(short_story)" title="Gold (short story)">Gold</a>"<a href="#cite_note-235">[223]</a></li> <li>1995 – <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award_for_Best_Non-Fiction_Book" class="mw-redirect" title="Hugo Award for Best Non-Fiction Book">Hugo Award for Best Non-Fiction Book</a> for <a href="/wiki/Autobiographies_of_Isaac_Asimov" title="Autobiographies of Isaac Asimov">I. Asimov: A Memoir</a><a href="#cite_note-236">[224]</a></li> <li>1995 – <a href="/wiki/Locus_Award" title="Locus Award">Locus Award</a> for Best Non-Fiction Book for <a href="/wiki/Autobiographies_of_Isaac_Asimov" title="Autobiographies of Isaac Asimov">I. Asimov: A Memoir</a><a href="#cite_note-sfadb.com-227">[215]</a></li> <li>1996 – A 1946 Retro-Hugo for Best Novel of 1945 was given at the 1996 WorldCon for "<a href="/wiki/Foundation_and_Empire#The_Mule" title="Foundation and Empire">The Mule</a>", the 7th Foundation story, published in Astounding Science Fiction<a href="#cite_note-237">[225]</a></li> <li>1997 – The <a href="/wiki/EMP_Museum#Science_Fiction_and_Fantasy_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="EMP Museum">Science Fiction and Fantasy Hall of Fame</a> inducted Asimov in its second class of two deceased and two living persons, along with <a href="/wiki/H._G._Wells" title="H. G. Wells">H. G. Wells</a>.<a href="#cite_note-sfhof-old-238">[226]</a></li> <li>2000 – Asimov was featured on a stamp in Israel<a href="#cite_note-239">[227]</a></li> <li>2001 – The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amnh.org/our-research/hayden-planetarium/asimov-debate">Isaac Asimov Memorial Debates</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Hayden_Planetarium" class="mw-redirect" title="Hayden Planetarium">Hayden Planetarium</a> in New York were inaugurated</li> <li>2009 – A crater on the planet Mars, <a href="/wiki/Asimov_(crater)" title="Asimov (crater)">Asimov</a>,<a href="#cite_note-crater-12">[9]</a> was named in his honor</li> <li>2010 – In the US Congress bill about the designation of the National Robotics Week as an annual event, a tribute to Isaac Asimov is as follows: <ul><li>"Whereas the second week in April each year is designated as 'National Robotics Week', recognizing the accomplishments of Isaac Asimov, who immigrated to America, taught science, wrote science books for children and adults, first used the term robotics, developed the Three Laws of Robotics, and died in April 1992: Now, therefore, be it resolved ..."<a href="#cite_note-240">[228]</a></li></ul></li> <li>2015 – Selected as a member of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Writers_Hall_of_Fame" title="New York State Writers Hall of Fame">New York State Writers Hall of Fame</a>.<a href="#cite_note-241">[229]</a></li> <li>2016 – A 1941 <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award" title="Hugo Award">Retro-Hugo</a> for Best Short Story of 1940 was given at the 2016 WorldCon for <a href="/wiki/Robbie_(short_story)" title="Robbie (short story)">Robbie</a>, his first positronic robot story, published in <a href="/wiki/Super_Science_Stories" title="Super Science Stories">Super Science Stories</a>, September 1940<a href="#cite_note-242">[230]</a></li> <li>2018 – A 1943 <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award" title="Hugo Award">Retro-Hugo</a> for Best Short Story of 1942 was given at the 2018 WorldCon for <a href="/wiki/Foundation_(Asimov_novel)#"The_Encyclopedists"" title="Foundation (Asimov novel)">Foundation</a>, published in <a href="/wiki/Astounding_Science-Fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Astounding Science-Fiction">Astounding Science-Fiction</a>, May 1942<a href="#cite_note-243">[231]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Writing_style">Writing style</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Asimov&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Writing style">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">I have an informal style, which means I tend to use short words and simple sentence structure, to say nothing of occasional colloquialisms. This grates on people who like things that are poetic, weighty, complex, and, above all, obscure. On the other hand, the informal style pleases people who enjoy the sensation of reading an essay without being aware that they are reading and of feeling that ideas are flowing from the writer's brain into their own without mental friction.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Asimov, 1980<a href="#cite_note-244">[232]</a></cite></div></blockquote> Asimov was his own secretary, typist, <a href="/wiki/Index_(publishing)" title="Index (publishing)">indexer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Proofreader" class="mw-redirect" title="Proofreader">proofreader</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Literary_agent" title="Literary agent">literary agent</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nichols19690803-67">[61]</a> He wrote a typed first draft composed at the keyboard at 90 words per minute; he imagined an ending first, then a beginning, then "let everything in-between work itself out as I come to it". (Asimov used an <a href="/wiki/Outline_(list)" title="Outline (list)">outline</a> only once, later describing it as "like trying to play the piano from inside a straitjacket".) After correcting a draft by hand, he retyped the document as the final copy and only made one revision with minor editor-requested changes; a <a href="/wiki/Word_processor" title="Word processor">word processor</a> did not save him much time, Asimov said, because 95% of the first draft was unchanged.<a href="#cite_note-asimov1973-157">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-earlyyears142_145-245">[233]</a><a href="#cite_note-fallows198207-246">[234]</a> After disliking making multiple revisions of "<a href="/wiki/Black_Friar_of_the_Flame" title="Black Friar of the Flame">Black Friar of the Flame</a>", Asimov refused to make major, second, or non-editorial revisions ("like chewing used gum"), stating that "too large a revision, or too many revisions, indicate that the piece of writing is a failure. In the time it would take to salvage such a failure, I could write a new piece altogether and have infinitely more fun in the process". He submitted "failures" to another editor.<a href="#cite_note-asimov1973-157">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-earlyyears142_145-245">[233]</a> Asimov's fiction style is extremely unornamented. In 1980, science fiction scholar <a href="/wiki/James_Gunn_(author)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Gunn (author)">James Gunn</a> wrote of I, Robot: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">Except for two stories—"<a href="/wiki/Liar!_(short_story)" title="Liar! (short story)">Liar!</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Evidence_(Asimov)" class="mw-redirect" title="Evidence (Asimov)">Evidence</a>"—they are not stories in which character plays a significant part. Virtually all plot develops in conversation with little if any action. Nor is there a great deal of local color or description of any kind. The dialogue is, at best, functional and the style is, at best, transparent. ... . The robot stories and, as a matter of fact, almost all Asimov fiction—play themselves on a relatively bare stage.<a href="#cite_note-IASFM-Gunn-247">[235]</a></blockquote> Asimov addressed such criticism in 1989 at the beginning of <a href="/wiki/Nemesis_(Isaac_Asimov_novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nemesis (Isaac Asimov novel)">Nemesis</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">I made up my mind long ago to follow one cardinal rule in all my writing—to be 'clear'. I have given up all thought of writing poetically or symbolically or experimentally, or in any of the other modes that might (if I were good enough) get me a Pulitzer prize. I would write merely clearly and in this way establish a warm relationship between myself and my readers, and the professional critics—Well, they can do whatever they wish.<a href="#cite_note-Nemesis-Authour's_note-248">[236]</a></blockquote> Gunn cited examples of a more complex style, such as the climax of "Liar!". Sharply drawn characters occur at key junctures of his storylines: <a href="/wiki/Susan_Calvin" title="Susan Calvin">Susan Calvin</a> in "Liar!" and "Evidence", <a href="/wiki/Arkady_Darell" class="mw-redirect" title="Arkady Darell">Arkady Darell</a> in Second Foundation, Elijah Baley in <a href="/wiki/The_Caves_of_Steel" title="The Caves of Steel">The Caves of Steel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hari_Seldon" title="Hari Seldon">Hari Seldon</a> in the Foundation prequels. Other than books by Gunn and Joseph Patrouch, there is relatively little literary criticism on Asimov (particularly when compared to the sheer volume of his output). Cowart and Wymer's <a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_Literary_Biography" title="Dictionary of Literary Biography">Dictionary of Literary Biography</a> (1981) gives a possible reason: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">His words do not easily lend themselves to traditional <a href="/wiki/Literary_criticism" title="Literary criticism">literary criticism</a> because he has the habit of centering his fiction on plot and clearly stating to his reader, in rather direct terms, what is happening in his stories and why it is happening. In fact, most of the dialogue in an Asimov story, and particularly in the Foundation trilogy, is devoted to such exposition. Stories that clearly state what they mean in unambiguous language are the most difficult for a scholar to deal with because there is little to be interpreted.<a href="#cite_note-249">[237]</a></blockquote> Gunn's and Patrouch's studies of Asimov both state that a clear, direct prose style is still a style. Gunn's 1982 book comments in detail on each of Asimov's novels. He does not praise all of Asimov's fiction (nor does Patrouch), but calls some passages in The Caves of Steel "reminiscent of <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Proust" title="Marcel Proust">Proust</a>". When discussing how that novel depicts night falling over futuristic New York City, Gunn says that Asimov's prose "need not be ashamed anywhere in literary society".<a href="#cite_note-250">[238]</a> Although he prided himself on his unornamented prose style (for which he credited <a href="/wiki/Clifford_D._Simak" title="Clifford D. Simak">Clifford D. Simak</a> as an early influence<a href="#cite_note-earlyyears79_82-19">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-251">[239]</a>), and said in 1973 that his style had not changed,<a href="#cite_note-asimov1973-157">[148]</a> Asimov also enjoyed giving his longer stories complicated <a href="/wiki/Narrative_structure" class="mw-redirect" title="Narrative structure">narrative structures</a>, often by arranging chapters in non<a href="/wiki/Chronology" title="Chronology">chronological</a> ways. Some readers have been put off by this, complaining that the <a href="/wiki/Nonlinear_(arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonlinear (arts)">nonlinearity</a> is not worth the trouble and adversely affects the clarity of the story. For example, the first third of The Gods Themselves begins with Chapter 6, then backtracks to fill in earlier material.<a href="#cite_note-252">[240]</a> (John Campbell advised Asimov to begin his stories as late in the plot as possible. This advice helped Asimov create "<a href="/wiki/Reason_(Asimov)" class="mw-redirect" title="Reason (Asimov)">Reason</a>", one of the early Robot stories). Patrouch found that the interwoven and nested flashbacks of <a href="/wiki/The_Currents_of_Space" title="The Currents of Space">The Currents of Space</a> did serious harm to that novel, to such an extent that only a "dyed-in-the-kyrt<a href="#cite_note-253">[241]</a> Asimov fan" could enjoy it. In his later novel Nemesis one group of characters lives in the "present" and another group starts in the "past", beginning 15 years earlier and gradually moving toward the time of the first group. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alien_life">Alien life</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Asimov&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Alien life">edit</a>]</div> Asimov once explained that his reluctance to write about aliens came from an incident early in his career when Astounding's editor <a href="/wiki/John_W._Campbell" title="John W. Campbell">John Campbell</a> rejected one of his science fiction stories because the alien characters were portrayed as superior to the humans. The nature of the rejection led him to believe that Campbell may have based his bias towards humans in stories on a real-world racial bias. Unwilling to write only weak alien races, and concerned that a confrontation would jeopardize his and Campbell's friendship, he decided he would not write about aliens at all.<a href="#cite_note-254">[242]</a> Nevertheless, in response to these criticisms, he wrote <a href="/wiki/The_Gods_Themselves" title="The Gods Themselves">The Gods Themselves</a>, which contains aliens and alien sex. The book won the <a href="/wiki/Nebula_Award_for_Best_Novel" title="Nebula Award for Best Novel">Nebula Award for Best Novel</a> in 1972,<a href="#cite_note-WWE-224">[212]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award_for_Best_Novel" title="Hugo Award for Best Novel">Hugo Award for Best Novel</a> in 1973.<a href="#cite_note-WWE-224">[212]</a> Asimov said that of all his writings, he was most proud of the middle section of The Gods Themselves, the part that deals with those themes.<a href="#cite_note-255">[243]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award" title="Hugo Award">Hugo Award</a>–winning novelette "<a href="/wiki/Gold_(short_story)" title="Gold (short story)">Gold</a>", Asimov describes an author, based on himself, who has one of his books (The Gods Themselves) adapted into a "compu-drama", essentially <a href="/wiki/Photo-realistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Photo-realistic">photo-realistic</a> <a href="/wiki/Computer_animation" title="Computer animation">computer animation</a>. The director criticizes the fictionalized Asimov ("Gregory Laborian") for having an extremely nonvisual style, making it difficult to adapt his work, and the author explains that he relies on ideas and dialogue rather than description to get his points across.<a href="#cite_note-256">[244]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Romance_and_women">Romance and women</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Asimov&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Romance and women">edit</a>]</div> In the early days of science fiction some authors and critics felt that the romantic elements were inappropriate in science fiction stories, which were supposedly to be focused on science and technology. Isaac Asimov was a supporter of this point of view, expressed in his 1938-1939 letters to <a href="/wiki/Astounding" class="mw-redirect" title="Astounding">Astounding</a>, where he described such elements as "mush" and "slop". To his dismay, these letters were met with a strong opposition.<a href="#cite_note-eld-257">[245]</a> Asimov attributed the lack of romance and sex in his fiction to the "early imprinting" from starting his writing career when he had never been on a date and "didn't know anything about girls".<a href="#cite_note-earlyyears25_28-134">[126]</a> He was sometimes criticized for the general absence of sex (and of <a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrial_life" title="Extraterrestrial life">extraterrestrial life</a>) in his science fiction. He claimed he wrote <a href="/wiki/The_Gods_Themselves" title="The Gods Themselves">The Gods Themselves</a> (1972) to respond to these criticisms,<a href="#cite_note-258">[246]</a> which often came from <a href="/wiki/New_Wave_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="New Wave science fiction">New Wave science fiction</a> (and often British) writers. The second part (of three) of the novel is set on an alien world with three sexes, and the sexual behavior of these creatures is extensively depicted. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Views">Views</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Asimov&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Views">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">There is a perennial question among readers as to whether the views contained in a story reflect the views of the author. The answer is, "Not necessarily—" And yet one ought to add another short phrase "—but usually."<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Asimov, 1969<a href="#cite_note-259">[247]</a></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Asimov&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Religion">edit</a>]</div> Asimov was an <a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">atheist</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Humanism" title="Humanism">humanist</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Popper-126">[118]</a> He did not oppose religious conviction in others, but he frequently railed against <a href="/wiki/Superstition" title="Superstition">superstitious</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pseudoscience" title="Pseudoscience">pseudoscientific</a> beliefs that tried to pass themselves off as genuine science. During his childhood, his parents observed the traditions of <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox Judaism</a> less stringently than they had in Petrovichi; they did not force their beliefs upon young Isaac, and he grew up without strong religious influences, coming to believe that the <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a> represented <a href="/wiki/Jewish_mythology" title="Jewish mythology">Hebrew mythology</a> in the same way that the <a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a> recorded <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek mythology</a>.<a href="#cite_note-260">[248]</a> When he was 13, he chose not to have a <a href="/wiki/Bar_mitzvah" class="mw-redirect" title="Bar mitzvah">bar mitzvah</a>.<a href="#cite_note-261">[249]</a> As his books <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov%27s_Treasury_of_Humor" title="Isaac Asimov's Treasury of Humor">Treasury of Humor</a> and Asimov Laughs Again record, Asimov was willing to tell jokes involving God, <a href="/wiki/Satan" title="Satan">Satan</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Garden_of_Eden" title="Garden of Eden">Garden of Eden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, and other religious topics, expressing the viewpoint that a good joke can do more to provoke thought than hours of philosophical discussion.<a href="#cite_note-Asimov_1971-196">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-Asimov_1992-197">[186]</a> For a brief while, his father worked in the local <a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">synagogue</a> to enjoy the familiar surroundings and, as Isaac put it, "shine as a learned scholar"<a href="#cite_note-262">[250]</a> versed in the sacred writings. This scholarship was a seed for his later authorship and publication of <a href="/wiki/Asimov%27s_Guide_to_the_Bible" title="Asimov's Guide to the Bible">Asimov's Guide to the Bible</a>, an analysis of the historic foundations for the Old and New Testaments. For many years, Asimov called himself an atheist; he considered the term somewhat inadequate, as it described what he did not believe rather than what he did. Eventually, he described himself as a "humanist" and considered that term more practical. Asimov continued to identify himself as a <a href="/wiki/List_of_Jewish_atheists_and_agnostics" title="List of Jewish atheists and agnostics">secular Jew</a>, as stated in his introduction to <a href="/wiki/Jack_Dann" title="Jack Dann">Jack Dann</a>'s anthology of Jewish science fiction, <a href="/wiki/Wandering_Stars" title="Wandering Stars">Wandering Stars</a>: "I attend no services and follow no ritual and have never undergone that curious puberty rite, the Bar Mitzvah. It doesn't matter. I am Jewish."<a href="#cite_note-263">[251]</a> When asked in an interview in 1982 if he was an atheist, Asimov replied, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">I am an atheist, out and out. It took me a long time to say it. I've been an atheist for years and years, but somehow I felt it was intellectually unrespectable to say one was an atheist, because it assumed knowledge that one didn't have. Somehow it was better to say one was a humanist or an agnostic. I finally decided that I'm a creature of emotion as well as of reason. Emotionally I am an atheist. I don't have the evidence to prove that God doesn't exist, but I so strongly suspect he doesn't that I don't want to waste my time.<a href="#cite_note-264">[252]</a></blockquote> Likewise, he said about religious education: "I would not be satisfied to have my kids choose to be religious without trying to argue them out of it, just as I would not be satisfied to have them decide to smoke regularly or engage in any other practice I consider detrimental to mind or body."<a href="#cite_note-265">[253]</a> In his last volume of autobiography, Asimov wrote, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">If I were not an atheist, I would believe in a God who would choose to save people on the basis of the totality of their lives and not the pattern of their words. I think he would prefer an honest and righteous atheist to a TV preacher whose every word is God, God, God, and whose every deed is foul, foul, foul.<a href="#cite_note-266">[254]</a></blockquote> The same memoir states his belief that <a href="/wiki/Hell" title="Hell">Hell</a> is "the drooling dream of a <a href="/wiki/Sadistic_personality_disorder" title="Sadistic personality disorder">sadist</a>" crudely affixed to an all-merciful God; if even human governments were willing to curtail cruel and unusual punishments, wondered Asimov, why would punishment in the afterlife not be restricted to a limited term? Asimov rejected the idea that a human belief or action could merit infinite punishment. If an afterlife existed, he claimed, the longest and most severe punishment would be reserved for those who "slandered God by inventing Hell".<a href="#cite_note-267">[255]</a> Asimov said about using religious motifs in his writing: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">I tend to ignore religion in my own stories altogether, except when I absolutely have to have it. ... and, whenever I bring in a religious motif, that religion is bound to seem vaguely Christian because that is the only religion I know anything about, even though it is not mine. An unsympathetic reader might think that I am "burlesquing" Christianity, but I am not. Then too, it is impossible to write science fiction and really ignore religion.<a href="#cite_note-268">[256]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics">Politics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Asimov&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Politics">edit</a>]</div> Asimov became a staunch supporter of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> during the <a href="/wiki/New_Deal" title="New Deal">New Deal</a>, and thereafter remained a political <a href="/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">liberal</a>. He was a vocal opponent of the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> in the 1960s and in a television interview during the early 1970s he publicly endorsed <a href="/wiki/George_McGovern" title="George McGovern">George McGovern</a>.<a href="#cite_note-269">[257]</a> He was unhappy about what he considered an "irrationalist" viewpoint taken by many radical political activists from the late 1960s and onwards. In his second volume of autobiography, In Joy Still Felt, Asimov recalled meeting the counterculture figure <a href="/wiki/Abbie_Hoffman" title="Abbie Hoffman">Abbie Hoffman</a>. Asimov's impression was that the <a href="/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">1960s' counterculture</a> heroes had ridden an emotional wave which, in the end, left them stranded in a "no-man's land of the spirit" from which he wondered if they would ever return.<a href="#cite_note-joy-270">[258]</a> Asimov vehemently opposed <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a>, considering him "a crook and a liar". He closely followed <a href="/wiki/Watergate" class="mw-redirect" title="Watergate">Watergate</a>, and was pleased when the president was forced to resign. Asimov was dismayed over the pardon extended to Nixon by <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">his successor</a>: "I was not impressed by the argument that it has spared the nation an ordeal. To my way of thinking, the ordeal was necessary to make certain it would never happen again."<a href="#cite_note-271">[259]</a> After Asimov's name appeared in the mid-1960s on a list of people the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_USA" title="Communist Party USA">Communist Party USA</a> "considered amenable" to its goals, the <a href="/wiki/FBI" class="mw-redirect" title="FBI">FBI</a> investigated him. Because of his academic background, the bureau briefly considered Asimov as a possible candidate for known Soviet spy ROBPROF, but found nothing suspicious in his life or background.<a href="#cite_note-skelding20131107-272">[260]</a> Asimov appeared to hold an equivocal attitude towards <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>. In his first autobiography, he indicates his support for the safety of Israel, though insisting that he was not a <a href="/wiki/Zionist" class="mw-redirect" title="Zionist">Zionist</a>.<a href="#cite_note-273">[261]</a> In his third autobiography, Asimov stated his opposition to the creation of a <a href="/wiki/Jewish_state" title="Jewish state">Jewish state</a>, on the grounds that he was opposed to having <a href="/wiki/Nation-states" class="mw-redirect" title="Nation-states">nation-states</a> in general, and supported the notion of a single humanity. Asimov especially worried about the safety of Israel given that it had been created among Muslim neighbors "who will never forgive, never forget and never go away", and said that Jews had merely created for themselves another "Jewish ghetto".<a href="#cite_note-274">[m]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_issues">Social issues</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Asimov&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Social issues">edit</a>]</div> Asimov believed that "science fiction ... serve[s] the good of humanity".<a href="#cite_note-asimov196708-173">[163]</a> He considered himself a feminist even before <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_liberation" class="mw-redirect" title="Women's liberation">women's liberation</a> became a widespread movement; he argued that the issue of <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_rights" title="Women's rights">women's rights</a> was closely connected to that of population control.<a href="#cite_note-YIA-275">[262]</a> Furthermore, he believed that <a href="/wiki/Homosexuality" title="Homosexuality">homosexuality</a> must be considered a "moral right" on population grounds, as must all consenting adult sexual activity that does not lead to reproduction.<a href="#cite_note-YIA-275">[262]</a> He issued many appeals for <a href="/wiki/Population_control" title="Population control">population control</a>, reflecting a perspective articulated by people from <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Malthus" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Malthus">Thomas Malthus</a> through <a href="/wiki/Paul_R._Ehrlich" title="Paul R. Ehrlich">Paul R. Ehrlich</a>.<a href="#cite_note-276">[263]</a> In a 1988 interview by <a href="/wiki/Bill_Moyers" title="Bill Moyers">Bill Moyers</a>, Asimov proposed <a href="/wiki/Computer-aided_learning" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer-aided learning">computer-aided learning</a>, where people would use computers to find information on subjects in which they were interested.<a href="#cite_note-277">[264]</a> He thought this would make learning more interesting, since people would have the freedom to choose what to learn, and would help spread knowledge around the world. Also, the <a href="/wiki/One_to_one_computing" class="mw-redirect" title="One to one computing">one-to-one</a> model would let students learn at their own pace.<a href="#cite_note-278">[265]</a> Asimov thought that people would live in space by 2019.<a href="#cite_note-279">[266]</a> In 1983 Asimov wrote:<a href="#cite_note-280">[267]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">Computerization will undoubtedly continue onward inevitably... This means that a vast change in the nature of education must take place, and entire populations must be made "computer-literate" and must be taught to deal with a "high-tech" world.</blockquote> He continues on education: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">Education, which must be revolutionized in the new world, will be revolutionized by the very agency that requires the revolution — the computer. Schools will undoubtedly still exist, but a good schoolteacher can do no better than to inspire curiosity which an interested student can then satisfy at home at the console of his computer outlet. There will be an opportunity finally for every youngster, and indeed, every person, to learn what he or she wants to learn, in his or her own time, at his or her own speed, in his or her own way. Education will become fun because it will bubble up from within and not be forced in from without.</blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sexual_harassment">Sexual harassment</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Asimov&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Sexual harassment">edit</a>]</div> Asimov would often fondle, kiss and pinch women at conventions and elsewhere without regard for their consent. According to <a href="/wiki/Alec_Nevala-Lee" title="Alec Nevala-Lee">Alec Nevala-Lee</a>, author of an Asimov biography<a href="#cite_note-281">[268]</a> and writer on the history of science fiction, he often defended himself by saying that far from showing objections, these women cooperated.<a href="#cite_note-:0-282">[269]</a> In a 1971 satirical piece, The Sensuous Dirty Old Man, Asimov wrote: "The question then is not whether or not a girl should be touched. The question is merely where, when, and how she should be touched."<a href="#cite_note-:0-282">[269]</a> According to Nevala-Lee, however, "many of these encounters were clearly nonconsensual."<a href="#cite_note-:0-282">[269]</a> He wrote that Asimov's behaviour, as a leading science-fiction author and personality, contributed to an undesirable atmosphere for women in the male-dominated science fiction community. In support of this, he quoted some of Asimov's contemporary fellow-authors such as <a href="/wiki/Judith_Merril" title="Judith Merril">Judith Merril</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harlan_Ellison" title="Harlan Ellison">Harlan Ellison</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frederik_Pohl" title="Frederik Pohl">Frederik Pohl</a>, as well as editors such as Timothy Seldes.<a href="#cite_note-:0-282">[269]</a> Additional specific incidents were reported by other people including <a href="/wiki/Edward_L._Ferman" title="Edward L. Ferman">Edward L. Ferman</a>, long-time editor of <a href="/wiki/The_Magazine_of_Fantasy_%26_Science_Fiction" title="The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction">The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction</a>, who wrote "...instead of shaking my date's hand, he shook her left breast".<a href="#cite_note-Davin_2006_p.-283">[270]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environment_and_population">Environment and population</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Asimov&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Environment and population">edit</a>]</div> Asimov's defense of civil applications of <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">nuclear power</a>, even after the <a href="/wiki/Three_Mile_Island_accident" title="Three Mile Island accident">Three Mile Island</a> nuclear power plant incident, damaged his relations with some of his fellow liberals. In a letter reprinted in Yours, Isaac Asimov,<a href="#cite_note-YIA-275">[262]</a> he states that although he would prefer living in "no danger whatsoever" to living near a nuclear reactor, he would still prefer a home near a nuclear power plant to a slum on <a href="/wiki/Love_Canal" title="Love Canal">Love Canal</a> or near "a <a href="/wiki/Union_Carbide" title="Union Carbide">Union Carbide</a> plant producing <a href="/wiki/Methyl_isocyanate" title="Methyl isocyanate">methyl isocyanate</a>", the latter being a reference to the <a href="/wiki/Bhopal_disaster" title="Bhopal disaster">Bhopal disaster</a>.<a href="#cite_note-YIA-275">[262]</a> In the closing years of his life, Asimov blamed the deterioration of the quality of life that he perceived in New York City on the shrinking tax base caused by the <a href="/wiki/White_flight" title="White flight">middle-class flight</a> to the suburbs, though he continued to support high taxes on the middle class to pay for social programs. His last nonfiction book, <a href="/wiki/Our_Angry_Earth" title="Our Angry Earth">Our Angry Earth</a> (1991, co-written with his long-time friend, science fiction author <a href="/wiki/Frederik_Pohl" title="Frederik Pohl">Frederik Pohl</a>), deals with elements of the environmental crisis such as <a href="/wiki/Human_overpopulation" title="Human overpopulation">overpopulation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oil_dependence" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil dependence">oil dependence</a>, <a href="/wiki/War" title="War">war</a>, <a href="/wiki/Global_warming" class="mw-redirect" title="Global warming">global warming</a>, and the destruction of the <a href="/wiki/Ozone_layer" title="Ozone layer">ozone layer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-284">[271]</a><a href="#cite_note-285">[272]</a> In response to being presented by <a href="/wiki/Bill_Moyers" title="Bill Moyers">Bill Moyers</a> with the question "What do you see happening to the idea of dignity to human species if this population growth continues at its present rate?", Asimov responded: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">It's going to destroy it all ... if you have 20 people in the apartment and two bathrooms, no matter how much every person believes in freedom of the bathroom, there is no such thing. You have to set up, you have to set up times for each person, you have to bang at the door, aren't you through yet, and so on. And in the same way, democracy cannot survive overpopulation. Human dignity cannot survive it. Convenience and decency cannot survive it. As you put more and more people onto the world, the value of life not only declines, but it disappears.<a href="#cite_note-286">[273]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_authors">Other authors</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Asimov&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Other authors">edit</a>]</div> Asimov enjoyed the writings of <a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">J. R. R. Tolkien</a>, and used <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="The Lord of the Rings">The Lord of the Rings</a> as a plot point in a <a href="/wiki/Black_Widowers" title="Black Widowers">Black Widowers</a> story, titled Nothing like Murder.<a href="#cite_note-asimov1976-287">[274]</a> In the essay "All or Nothing" (for The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction, Jan 1981), Asimov said that he admired Tolkien and that he had read The Lord of the Rings five times. (The feelings were mutual, with Tolkien saying that he had enjoyed Asimov's science fiction.<a href="#cite_note-:1-288">[275]</a> This would make Asimov an exception to Tolkien's earlier claim<a href="#cite_note-:1-288">[275]</a> that he rarely found "any modern books" that were interesting to him.) He acknowledged other writers as superior to himself in talent, saying of <a href="/wiki/Harlan_Ellison" title="Harlan Ellison">Harlan Ellison</a>, "He is (in my opinion) one of the best writers in the world, far more skilled at the art than I am."<a href="#cite_note-289">[276]</a> Asimov disapproved of the <a href="/wiki/New_Wave_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="New Wave science fiction">New Wave</a>'s growing influence, stating in 1967 "I want science fiction. I think science fiction isn't really science fiction if it lacks science. And I think the better and truer the science, the better and truer the science fiction".<a href="#cite_note-asimov196708-173">[163]</a> The feelings of friendship and respect between Asimov and <a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Clarke" title="Arthur C. Clarke">Arthur C. Clarke</a> were demonstrated by the so-called "Clarke–Asimov Treaty of <a href="/wiki/Park_Avenue" title="Park Avenue">Park Avenue</a>", negotiated as they shared a cab in New York. This stated that Asimov was required to insist that Clarke was the best science fiction writer in the world (reserving second-best for himself), while Clarke was required to insist that Asimov was the best science writer in the world (reserving second-best for himself). Thus, the dedication in Clarke's book Report on Planet Three (1972) reads: "In accordance with the terms of the Clarke–Asimov treaty, the second-best science writer dedicates this book to the second-best science-fiction writer." In 1980, Asimov wrote a highly critical review of <a href="/wiki/George_Orwell" title="George Orwell">George Orwell</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Nineteen_Eighty-Four" title="Nineteen Eighty-Four">1984</a>.<a href="#cite_note-290">[277]</a> Though dismissive of his attacks, James Machell has stated that they "are easier to understand when you consider that Asimov viewed 1984 as dangerous literature. He opines that if communism were to spread across the globe, it would come in a completely different form to the one in 1984, and by looking to Orwell as an authority on totalitarianism, 'we will be defending ourselves against assaults from the wrong direction and we will lose'."<a href="#cite_note-291">[278]</a> Asimov became a fan of mystery stories at the same time as science fiction. He preferred to read the former because "I read every [science fiction] story keenly aware that it might be worse than mine, in which case I had no patience with it, or that it might be better, in which case I felt miserable".<a href="#cite_note-asimov1973-157">[148]</a> Asimov wrote "I make no secret of the fact that in my mysteries I use <a href="/wiki/Agatha_Christie" title="Agatha Christie">Agatha Christie</a> as my model. In my opinion, her mysteries are the best ever written, far better than the Sherlock Holmes stories, and <a href="/wiki/Hercule_Poirot" title="Hercule Poirot">Hercule Poirot</a> is the best detective fiction has seen. Why should I not use as my model what I consider the best?"<a href="#cite_note-292">[279]</a> He enjoyed Sherlock Holmes, but considered <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Conan_Doyle" title="Arthur Conan Doyle">Arthur Conan Doyle</a> to be "a slapdash and sloppy writer."<a href="#cite_note-293">[280]</a> Asimov also enjoyed humorous stories, particularly those of <a href="/wiki/P._G._Wodehouse" title="P. G. Wodehouse">P. G. Wodehouse</a>.<a href="#cite_note-294">[281]</a> In non-fiction writing, Asimov particularly admired the writing style of <a href="/wiki/Martin_Gardner" title="Martin Gardner">Martin Gardner</a>, and tried to emulate it in his own science books. On meeting Gardner for the first time in 1965, Asimov told him this, to which Gardner answered that he had based his own style on Asimov's.<a href="#cite_note-295">[282]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influence">Influence</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Asimov&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Influence">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Krugman" title="Paul Krugman">Paul Krugman</a>, holder of a <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Nobel Prize in Economics</a>, stated Asimov's concept of <a href="/wiki/Psychohistory_(fictional)" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychohistory (fictional)">psychohistory</a> inspired him to become an economist.<a href="#cite_note-296">[283]</a> John Jenkins, who has reviewed the vast majority of Asimov's written output, once observed, "It has been pointed out that most science fiction writers since the 1950s have been affected by Asimov, either modeling their style on his or deliberately avoiding anything like his style."<a href="#cite_note-297">[284]</a> Along with such figures as <a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Bertrand Russell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper">Karl Popper</a>, Asimov left his mark as one of the most distinguished <a href="/wiki/Interdisciplinarity" title="Interdisciplinarity">interdisciplinarians</a> of the 20th century.<a href="#cite_note-298">[285]</a> "Few individuals", writes <a href="/wiki/Philosophy:_An_Introduction_to_the_Art_of_Wondering" title="Philosophy: An Introduction to the Art of Wondering">James L. Christian</a>, "understood better than Isaac Asimov what <a href="/wiki/Synoptic_philosophy" title="Synoptic philosophy">synoptic</a> thinking is all about. His almost 500 books—which he wrote as a specialist, a knowledgeable authority, or just an excited layman—range over almost all conceivable subjects: the sciences, history, literature, religion, and of course, science fiction."<a href="#cite_note-299">[286]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Asimov&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Isaac Asimov bibliography" redirects here. For full lists, see <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov_bibliography_(alphabetical)" title="Isaac Asimov bibliography (alphabetical)">Isaac Asimov bibliography (alphabetical)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov_bibliography_(categorical)" title="Isaac Asimov bibliography (categorical)">Isaac Asimov bibliography (categorical)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov_bibliography_(chronological)" title="Isaac Asimov bibliography (chronological)">Isaac Asimov bibliography (chronological)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov_short_stories_bibliography" title="Isaac Asimov short stories bibliography">Isaac Asimov short stories bibliography</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">Over a space of 40 years, I published an average of 1,000 words a day. Over the space of the second 20 years, I published an average of 1,700 words a day.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Asimov, 1994<a href="#cite_note-300">[287]</a></cite></div></blockquote> Depending on the counting convention used,<a href="#cite_note-301">[288]</a> and including all titles, charts, and edited collections, there may be currently over 500 books in Asimov's bibliography—as well as his individual short stories, individual essays, and criticism. For his 100th, 200th, and 300th books (based on his personal count), Asimov published <a href="/wiki/Opus_100" title="Opus 100">Opus 100</a> (1969), <a href="/wiki/Opus_200" title="Opus 200">Opus 200</a> (1979), and <a href="/wiki/Opus_300" title="Opus 300">Opus 300</a> (1984), celebrating his writing.<a href="#cite_note-Asimov_1969-205">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-Asimov_1979-206">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-Asimov_1984-207">[196]</a> An extensive bibliography of Isaac Asimov's works has been compiled by Ed Seiler.<a href="#cite_note-302">[289]</a> His book writing rate was analysed, showing that he wrote faster as he wrote more.<a href="#cite_note-303">[290]</a> An online exhibit in <a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_University_Libraries" title="West Virginia University Libraries">West Virginia University Libraries</a>' virtually complete Asimov Collection displays features, visuals, and descriptions of some of his more than 600 books, games, audio recordings, videos, and wall charts. Many first, rare, and autographed editions are in the Libraries' Rare Book Room. Book jackets and autographs are presented online along with descriptions and images of children's books, science fiction art, multimedia, and other materials in the collection.<a href="#cite_note-304">[291]</a><a href="#cite_note-305">[292]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Science_fiction_2">Science fiction</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Asimov&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Science fiction">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id=""Greater_Foundation"_series">"Greater Foundation" series</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Asimov&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: "Greater Foundation" series">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Robot_series" title="Robot series">Robot series</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galactic_Empire_series" title="Galactic Empire series">Galactic Empire series</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Foundation_(book_series)" title="Foundation (book series)">Foundation series</a></div> The Robot series was originally separate from the Foundation series. The Galactic Empire novels were published as independent stories, set earlier in the same future as Foundation. Later in life, Asimov synthesized the Robot series into a single coherent "history" that appeared in the extension of the Foundation series.<a href="#cite_note-306">[293]</a> All of these books were published by <a href="/wiki/Doubleday_(publisher)" title="Doubleday (publisher)">Doubleday & Co</a>, except the original Foundation trilogy which was originally published by Gnome Books before being bought and republished by Doubleday. <ul><li>The Robot series: <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/The_Caves_of_Steel" title="The Caves of Steel">The Caves of Steel</a>. 1954. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-553-29340-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-553-29340-0"><bdi>0-553-29340-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Caves+of+Steel&rft.date=1954&rft.isbn=0-553-29340-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> (first <a href="/wiki/Elijah_Baley" title="Elijah Baley">Elijah Baley</a> SF-crime novel)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/The_Naked_Sun" title="The Naked Sun">The Naked Sun</a>. 1957. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-553-29339-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-553-29339-7"><bdi>0-553-29339-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Naked+Sun&rft.date=1957&rft.isbn=0-553-29339-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> (second Elijah Baley SF-crime novel)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/The_Robots_of_Dawn" title="The Robots of Dawn">The Robots of Dawn</a>. 1983. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-553-29949-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-553-29949-2"><bdi>0-553-29949-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Robots+of+Dawn&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0-553-29949-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> (third Elijah Baley SF-crime novel)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robots_and_Empire" title="Robots and Empire">Robots and Empire</a>. 1985. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-586-06200-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-586-06200-5"><bdi>978-0-586-06200-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Robots+and+Empire&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0-586-06200-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> (sequel to the Elijah Baley trilogy)</li></ul></li> <li>Galactic Empire novels: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pebble_in_the_Sky" title="Pebble in the Sky">Pebble in the Sky</a>. 1950. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-553-29342-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-553-29342-7"><bdi>0-553-29342-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pebble+in+the+Sky&rft.date=1950&rft.isbn=0-553-29342-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> (early Galactic Empire)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/The_Stars,_Like_Dust" title="The Stars, Like Dust">The Stars, Like Dust</a>. 1951. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-553-29343-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-553-29343-5"><bdi>0-553-29343-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Stars%2C+Like+Dust&rft.date=1951&rft.isbn=0-553-29343-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> (long before the Empire)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/The_Currents_of_Space" title="The Currents of Space">The Currents of Space</a>. 1952. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-553-29341-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-553-29341-9"><bdi>0-553-29341-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Currents+of+Space&rft.date=1952&rft.isbn=0-553-29341-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> (Republic of Trantor still expanding)</li></ul></li> <li>Foundation prequels: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Prelude_to_Foundation" title="Prelude to Foundation">Prelude to Foundation</a>. 1988. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-553-27839-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-553-27839-8"><bdi>0-553-27839-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prelude+to+Foundation&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-553-27839-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Forward_the_Foundation" title="Forward the Foundation">Forward the Foundation</a>. 1993. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-553-40488-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-553-40488-1"><bdi>0-553-40488-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Forward+the+Foundation&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-553-40488-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"></li></ul></li> <li>Original Foundation trilogy: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Foundation_(Isaac_Asimov_novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Foundation (Isaac Asimov novel)">Foundation</a>. 1951. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-553-29335-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-553-29335-4"><bdi>0-553-29335-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Foundation&rft.date=1951&rft.isbn=0-553-29335-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Foundation_and_Empire" title="Foundation and Empire">Foundation and Empire</a>. 1952. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-553-29337-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-553-29337-0"><bdi>0-553-29337-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Foundation+and+Empire&rft.date=1952&rft.isbn=0-553-29337-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> (also published with the title 'The Man Who Upset the Universe' as a 35¢ Ace paperback, D-125, in about 1952)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Second_Foundation" title="Second Foundation">Second Foundation</a>. 1953. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-553-29336-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-553-29336-2"><bdi>0-553-29336-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Second+Foundation&rft.date=1953&rft.isbn=0-553-29336-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"></li></ul></li> <li>Extended Foundation series: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Foundation%27s_Edge" title="Foundation's Edge">Foundation's Edge</a>. 1982. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-553-29338-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-553-29338-9"><bdi>0-553-29338-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Foundation%27s+Edge&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=0-553-29338-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Foundation_and_Earth" title="Foundation and Earth">Foundation and Earth</a>. 1986. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-553-58757-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-553-58757-9"><bdi>0-553-58757-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Foundation+and+Earth&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-553-58757-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lucky_Starr_series_(as_Paul_French)">Lucky Starr series (as Paul French)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Asimov&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Lucky Starr series (as Paul French)">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lucky_Starr_series" title="Lucky Starr series">Lucky Starr series</a></div> All published by <a href="/wiki/Doubleday_(publisher)" title="Doubleday (publisher)">Doubleday & Co</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Starr,_Space_Ranger" title="David Starr, Space Ranger">David Starr, Space Ranger</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucky_Starr_and_the_Pirates_of_the_Asteroids" title="Lucky Starr and the Pirates of the Asteroids">Lucky Starr and the Pirates of the Asteroids</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucky_Starr_and_the_Oceans_of_Venus" title="Lucky Starr and the Oceans of Venus">Lucky Starr and the Oceans of Venus</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucky_Starr_and_the_Big_Sun_of_Mercury" title="Lucky Starr and the Big Sun of Mercury">Lucky Starr and the Big Sun of Mercury</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucky_Starr_and_the_Moons_of_Jupiter" title="Lucky Starr and the Moons of Jupiter">Lucky Starr and the Moons of Jupiter</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucky_Starr_and_the_Rings_of_Saturn" title="Lucky Starr and the Rings of Saturn">Lucky Starr and the Rings of Saturn</a> (1958)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Norby_Chronicles_(with_Janet_Asimov)">Norby Chronicles (with Janet Asimov)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Asimov&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Norby Chronicles (with Janet Asimov)">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Norby" title="Norby">Norby</a></div> All published by Walker & Company <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norby,_the_Mixed-Up_Robot" title="Norby, the Mixed-Up Robot">Norby, the Mixed-Up Robot</a> (1983)</li> <li>Norby's Other Secret (1984)</li> <li>Norby and the Lost Princess (1985)</li> <li>Norby and the Invaders (1985)</li> <li>Norby and the Queen's Necklace (1986)</li> <li>Norby Finds a Villain (1987)</li> <li>Norby Down to Earth (1988)</li> <li>Norby and Yobo's Great Adventure (1989)</li> <li>Norby and the Oldest Dragon (1990)</li> <li>Norby and the Court Jester (1991)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Novels_not_part_of_a_series">Novels not part of a series</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Asimov&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Novels not part of a series">edit</a>]</div> Novels marked with an asterisk (*) have minor connections to <a href="/wiki/Foundation_universe" title="Foundation universe">Foundation universe</a>. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_End_of_Eternity" title="The End of Eternity">The End of Eternity</a> (1955), <a href="/wiki/Doubleday_(publisher)" title="Doubleday (publisher)">Doubleday</a> (*)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_Voyage" title="Fantastic Voyage">Fantastic Voyage</a> (1966), <a href="/wiki/Bantam_Books" title="Bantam Books">Bantam Books</a> (paperback) and <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin" class="mw-redirect" title="Houghton Mifflin">Houghton Mifflin</a> (hardback) (a novelization of the movie)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gods_Themselves" title="The Gods Themselves">The Gods Themselves</a> (1972), Doubleday</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_Voyage_II:_Destination_Brain" title="Fantastic Voyage II: Destination Brain">Fantastic Voyage II: Destination Brain</a> (1987), Doubleday (not a sequel to Fantastic Voyage, but a similar, independent story)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemesis_(Asimov)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nemesis (Asimov)">Nemesis</a> (1989), Bantam Doubleday Dell (*)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightfall_(Asimov_novelette_and_novel)" title="Nightfall (Asimov novelette and novel)">Nightfall</a> (1990), Doubleday, with <a href="/wiki/Robert_Silverberg" title="Robert Silverberg">Robert Silverberg</a> (based on "Nightfall", a 1941 short story written by Asimov)</li> <li>Child of Time (1992), Bantam Doubleday Dell, with Robert Silverberg (based on "<a href="/wiki/The_Ugly_Little_Boy" title="The Ugly Little Boy">The Ugly Little Boy</a>", a 1958 short story written by Asimov)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Positronic_Man" title="The Positronic Man">The Positronic Man</a> (1992), Bantam Doubleday Dell, with Robert Silverberg (*) (based on <a href="/wiki/The_Bicentennial_Man" title="The Bicentennial Man">The Bicentennial Man</a>, a 1976 novella written by Asimov)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Short-story_collections">Short-story collections</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Asimov&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Short-story collections">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov_short_stories_bibliography" title="Isaac Asimov short stories bibliography">Isaac Asimov short stories bibliography</a></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/I,_Robot" title="I, Robot">I, Robot</a>. Gnome Books initially, later <a href="/wiki/Doubleday_(publisher)" title="Doubleday (publisher)">Doubleday & Co</a>. 1950. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-553-29438-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-553-29438-5"><bdi>0-553-29438-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=I%2C+Robot&rft.pub=Gnome+Books+initially%2C+later+Doubleday+%26+Co&rft.date=1950&rft.isbn=0-553-29438-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/The_Martian_Way_and_Other_Stories" title="The Martian Way and Other Stories">The Martian Way and Other Stories</a>. Doubleday. 1955. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8376-0463-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8376-0463-X"><bdi>0-8376-0463-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Martian+Way+and+Other+Stories&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1955&rft.isbn=0-8376-0463-X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Earth_Is_Room_Enough" title="Earth Is Room Enough">Earth Is Room Enough</a>. Doubleday. 1957. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-449-24125-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-449-24125-4"><bdi>0-449-24125-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Earth+Is+Room+Enough&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1957&rft.isbn=0-449-24125-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nine_Tomorrows" title="Nine Tomorrows">Nine Tomorrows</a>. Doubleday. 1959. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-449-24084-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-449-24084-3"><bdi>0-449-24084-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nine+Tomorrows&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1959&rft.isbn=0-449-24084-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/The_Rest_of_the_Robots" title="The Rest of the Robots">The Rest of the Robots</a>. Doubleday. 1964. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-385-09041-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-385-09041-2"><bdi>0-385-09041-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rest+of+the+Robots&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1964&rft.isbn=0-385-09041-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Through_a_Glass,_Clearly" title="Through a Glass, Clearly">Through a Glass, Clearly</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_English_Library" title="New English Library">New English Library</a>. 1967. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86025-124-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-86025-124-1"><bdi>0-86025-124-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Through+a+Glass%2C+Clearly&rft.pub=New+English+Library&rft.date=1967&rft.isbn=0-86025-124-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Asimov%27s_Mysteries" title="Asimov's Mysteries">Asimov's Mysteries</a>. Doubleday. 1968.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Asimov%27s+Mysteries&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1968&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nightfall_and_Other_Stories" title="Nightfall and Other Stories">Nightfall and Other Stories</a>. Doubleday. 1969. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-449-01969-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-449-01969-1"><bdi>0-449-01969-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nightfall+and+Other+Stories&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1969&rft.isbn=0-449-01969-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/The_Early_Asimov" title="The Early Asimov">The Early Asimov</a>. Doubleday. 1972. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-449-02850-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-449-02850-X"><bdi>0-449-02850-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Early+Asimov&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=0-449-02850-X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/The_Best_of_Isaac_Asimov" title="The Best of Isaac Asimov">The Best of Isaac Asimov</a>. Sphere. 1973. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7221-1256-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7221-1256-4"><bdi>0-7221-1256-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Best+of+Isaac+Asimov&rft.pub=Sphere&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=0-7221-1256-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Buy_Jupiter_and_Other_Stories" title="Buy Jupiter and Other Stories">Buy Jupiter and Other Stories</a>. Doubleday. 1975. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-385-05077-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-385-05077-1"><bdi>0-385-05077-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Buy+Jupiter+and+Other+Stories&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=0-385-05077-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/The_Bicentennial_Man_and_Other_Stories" title="The Bicentennial Man and Other Stories">The Bicentennial Man and Other Stories</a>. Doubleday. 1976. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-575-02240-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-575-02240-X"><bdi>0-575-02240-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bicentennial+Man+and+Other+Stories&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=0-575-02240-X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/The_Complete_Robot" title="The Complete Robot">The Complete Robot</a>. Doubleday. 1982.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Robot&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1982&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/The_Winds_of_Change_and_Other_Stories" title="The Winds of Change and Other Stories">The Winds of Change and Other Stories</a>. Doubleday. 1983. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-385-18099-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-385-18099-3"><bdi>0-385-18099-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Winds+of+Change+and+Other+Stories&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0-385-18099-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/The_Edge_of_Tomorrow_(1985_book)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Edge of Tomorrow (1985 book)">The Edge of Tomorrow</a>. Tor. 1985. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-312-93200-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-312-93200-6"><bdi>0-312-93200-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Edge+of+Tomorrow&rft.pub=Tor&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0-312-93200-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/The_Alternate_Asimovs" title="The Alternate Asimovs">The Alternate Asimovs</a>. Doubleday. 1986. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-385-19784-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-385-19784-5"><bdi>0-385-19784-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Alternate+Asimovs&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-385-19784-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/The_Best_Science_Fiction_of_Isaac_Asimov" title="The Best Science Fiction of Isaac Asimov">The Best Science Fiction of Isaac Asimov</a>. Doubleday. 1986.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Best+Science+Fiction+of+Isaac+Asimov&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1986&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robot_Dreams" title="Robot Dreams">Robot Dreams</a>. Byron Preiss. 1986. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-441-73154-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-441-73154-6"><bdi>0-441-73154-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Robot+Dreams&rft.pub=Byron+Preiss&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-441-73154-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Azazel_(Asimov)#Azazel,_the_collection" title="Azazel (Asimov)">Azazel</a>. Doubleday. 1988.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Azazel&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1988&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robot_Visions" title="Robot Visions">Robot Visions</a>. Byron Preiss. 1990. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-451-45064-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-451-45064-7"><bdi>0-451-45064-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Robot+Visions&rft.pub=Byron+Preiss&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-451-45064-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gold_(Asimov_book)" title="Gold (Asimov book)">Gold</a>. Harper Prism. 1995. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-553-28339-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-553-28339-1"><bdi>0-553-28339-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gold&rft.pub=Harper+Prism&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-553-28339-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Magic_(short_story_collection)" title="Magic (short story collection)">Magic</a>. Harper Prism. 1996. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-00-224622-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-00-224622-8"><bdi>0-00-224622-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Magic&rft.pub=Harper+Prism&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-00-224622-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mysteries">Mysteries</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Asimov&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Mysteries">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Novels">Novels</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Asimov&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Novels">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Death_Dealers" title="The Death Dealers">The Death Dealers</a> (1958), <a href="/wiki/Avon_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Avon Books">Avon Books</a>, republished as A Whiff of Death by <a href="/wiki/Walker_%26_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Walker & Company">Walker & Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_at_the_ABA" title="Murder at the ABA">Murder at the ABA</a> (1976), Doubleday, also published as Authorized Murder</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Short-story_collections_2">Short-story collections</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Asimov&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Short-story collections">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Black_Widowers_series">Black Widowers series</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Asimov&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Black Widowers series">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Black_Widowers" title="Black Widowers">Black Widowers</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tales_of_the_Black_Widowers" title="Tales of the Black Widowers">Tales of the Black Widowers</a> (1974), Doubleday</li> <li><a href="/wiki/More_Tales_of_the_Black_Widowers" title="More Tales of the Black Widowers">More Tales of the Black Widowers</a> (1976), Doubleday</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casebook_of_the_Black_Widowers" title="Casebook of the Black Widowers">Casebook of the Black Widowers</a> (1980), Doubleday</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banquets_of_the_Black_Widowers" title="Banquets of the Black Widowers">Banquets of the Black Widowers</a> (1984), Doubleday</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puzzles_of_the_Black_Widowers" title="Puzzles of the Black Widowers">Puzzles of the Black Widowers</a> (1990), Doubleday</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_the_Black_Widowers" title="The Return of the Black Widowers">The Return of the Black Widowers</a> (2003), <a href="/wiki/Carroll_%26_Graf" class="mw-redirect" title="Carroll & Graf">Carroll & Graf</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Other_mysteries">Other mysteries</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Asimov&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Other mysteries">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asimov%27s_Mysteries" title="Asimov's Mysteries">Asimov's Mysteries</a> (1968), Doubleday</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Key_Word_and_Other_Mysteries" title="The Key Word and Other Mysteries">The Key Word and Other Mysteries</a> (1977), Walker</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Union_Club_Mysteries" title="The Union Club Mysteries">The Union Club Mysteries</a> (1983), Doubleday</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Disappearing_Man_and_Other_Mysteries" title="The Disappearing Man and Other Mysteries">The Disappearing Man and Other Mysteries</a> (1985), Walker</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Best_Mysteries_of_Isaac_Asimov" title="The Best Mysteries of Isaac Asimov">The Best Mysteries of Isaac Asimov</a> (1986), Doubleday</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nonfiction">Nonfiction</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Asimov&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Nonfiction">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Popular_science_2">Popular science</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Asimov&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Popular science">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Collections_of_Asimov's_essays_for_F&SF">Collections of Asimov's essays for F&SF</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Asimov&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Collections of Asimov's essays for F&SF">edit</a>]</div> The following books collected essays which were originally published as monthly columns in <a href="/wiki/The_Magazine_of_Fantasy_and_Science_Fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction">The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction</a> and collected by <a href="/wiki/Doubleday_(publisher)" title="Doubleday (publisher)">Doubleday & Co</a> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Fact_and_Fancy" title="Fact and Fancy">Fact and Fancy</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/View_from_a_Height" title="View from a Height">View from a Height</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adding_a_Dimension" title="Adding a Dimension">Adding a Dimension</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Of_Time_and_Space_and_Other_Things" title="Of Time and Space and Other Things">Of Time and Space and Other Things</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/From_Earth_to_Heaven" title="From Earth to Heaven">From Earth to Heaven</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science,_Numbers,_and_I" title="Science, Numbers, and I">Science, Numbers, and I</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Solar_System_and_Back" title="The Solar System and Back">The Solar System and Back</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Stars_in_Their_Courses" title="The Stars in Their Courses">The Stars in Their Courses</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Left_Hand_of_the_Electron" title="The Left Hand of the Electron">The Left Hand of the Electron</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Tragedy_of_the_Moon" title="The Tragedy of the Moon">The Tragedy of the Moon</a> (1973)</li> <li>Asimov On Astronomy (updated version of essays in previous collections) (1974) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-517-27924-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-517-27924-3">978-0-517-27924-3</a></li> <li>Asimov On Chemistry (updated version of essays in previous collections) (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Of_Matters_Great_and_Small" title="Of Matters Great and Small">Of Matters Great and Small</a> (1975)</li> <li>Asimov On Physics (updated version of essays in previous collections) (1976) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-385-00958-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-385-00958-4">978-0-385-00958-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Planet_That_Wasn%27t" title="The Planet That Wasn't">The Planet That Wasn't</a> (1976)</li> <li>Asimov On Numbers (updated version of essays in previous collections) (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quasar,_Quasar,_Burning_Bright" title="Quasar, Quasar, Burning Bright">Quasar, Quasar, Burning Bright</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Road_to_Infinity" title="The Road to Infinity">The Road to Infinity</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sun_Shines_Bright_(book)" title="The Sun Shines Bright (book)">The Sun Shines Bright</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counting_the_Eons" title="Counting the Eons">Counting the Eons</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/X_Stands_for_Unknown" title="X Stands for Unknown">X Stands for Unknown</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Subatomic_Monster" title="The Subatomic Monster">The Subatomic Monster</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_as_Human_Eye_Could_See" title="Far as Human Eye Could See">Far as Human Eye Could See</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Relativity_of_Wrong" title="The Relativity of Wrong">The Relativity of Wrong</a> (1988)</li> <li>Asimov on Science: A 30 Year Retrospective 1959–1989 (1989) (features the first essay in the introduction)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Out_of_the_Everywhere" title="Out of the Everywhere">Out of the Everywhere</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Secret_of_the_Universe" title="The Secret of the Universe">The Secret of the Universe</a> (1991)</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Other_general_science_essay_collections">Other general science essay collections</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Asimov&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Other general science essay collections">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Only_a_Trillion" title="Only a Trillion">Only a Trillion</a> (1957), Abelard-Schuman, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-441-63121-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-441-63121-6">978-0-441-63121-6</a>; (1976) revised and updated ed.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Is_Anyone_There%3F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Is Anyone There? (page does not exist)">Is Anyone There?</a> (1967), Doubleday, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-385-08401-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-385-08401-3">0-385-08401-3</a> (which includes the article in which he coined the term "<a href="/wiki/Spome" title="Spome">spome</a>")</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Today_and_Tomorrow_and%E2%80%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Today and Tomorrow and— (page does not exist)">Today and Tomorrow and—</a> (1973), Doubleday</li> <li>Science Past, Science Future (1975), Doubleday, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-385-09923-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-385-09923-3">978-0-385-09923-3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Please_Explain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Please Explain (page does not exist)">Please Explain</a> (1975), Houghton Mifflin, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-440-96804-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-440-96804-7">978-0-440-96804-7</a></li> <li>Life and Time (1978), Doubleday</li> <li>The Roving Mind (1983), <a href="/wiki/Prometheus_Books" title="Prometheus Books">Prometheus Books</a>, new edition 1997, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57392-181-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-57392-181-5">1-57392-181-5</a></li> <li>The Dangers of Intelligence (1986), Houghton Mifflin</li> <li>Past, Present and Future (1987), Prometheus Books, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87975-393-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87975-393-1">978-0-87975-393-1</a></li> <li>The Tyrannosaurus Prescription (1989), Prometheus Books</li> <li>Frontiers (1990), Dutton</li> <li>Frontiers II (1993), Dutton</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Other_science_books_by_Asimov">Other science books by Asimov</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Asimov&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Other science books by Asimov">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Chemicals_of_Life_(book)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Chemicals of Life (book) (page does not exist)">The Chemicals of Life</a> (1954), <a href="/wiki/Abelard-Schuman" class="mw-redirect" title="Abelard-Schuman">Abelard-Schuman</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-451-62418-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-451-62418-5">978-0-451-62418-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inside_the_Atom" title="Inside the Atom">Inside the Atom</a> (1956), Abelard-Schuman, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-200-71444-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-200-71444-0">978-0-200-71444-0</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Building_Blocks_of_the_Universe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Building Blocks of the Universe (page does not exist)">Building Blocks of the Universe</a> (1957; revised 1974), Abelard-Schuman, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-200-71099-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-200-71099-2">978-0-200-71099-2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_World_of_Carbon_(book)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The World of Carbon (book) (page does not exist)">The World of Carbon</a> (1958), Abelard-Schuman, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-02-091350-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-02-091350-4">978-0-02-091350-4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_World_of_Nitrogen_(book)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The World of Nitrogen (book) (page does not exist)">The World of Nitrogen</a> (1958), Abelard-Schuman, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-02-091400-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-02-091400-6">978-0-02-091400-6</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Words_of_Science_and_the_History_Behind_Them&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Words of Science and the History Behind Them (page does not exist)">Words of Science and the History Behind Them</a> (1959), <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin" class="mw-redirect" title="Houghton Mifflin">Houghton Mifflin</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-395-06571-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-395-06571-6">978-0-395-06571-6</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Clock_We_Live_On_(book)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Clock We Live On (book) (page does not exist)">The Clock We Live On</a> (1959), Abelard-Schuman, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-200-71100-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-200-71100-5">978-0-200-71100-5</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Breakthroughs_in_Science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Breakthroughs in Science (page does not exist)">Breakthroughs in Science</a> (1959), Houghton Mifflin, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-395-06561-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-395-06561-7">978-0-395-06561-7</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Realm_of_Numbers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Realm of Numbers (page does not exist)">Realm of Numbers</a> (1959), Houghton Mifflin, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-395-06566-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-395-06566-2">978-0-395-06566-2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Realm_of_Measure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Realm of Measure (page does not exist)">Realm of Measure</a> (1960), Houghton Mifflin</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Wellsprings_of_Life&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Wellsprings of Life (page does not exist)">The Wellsprings of Life</a> (1960), Abelard-Schuman, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-451-03245-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-451-03245-4">978-0-451-03245-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_and_Energy" title="Life and Energy">Life and Energy</a> (1962), Doubleday, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-380-00942-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-380-00942-8">978-0-380-00942-8</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Genetic_Code&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Genetic Code (page does not exist)">The Genetic Code</a> (1962), The Orion Press</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Human_Body:_Its_Structure_and_Operation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Human Body: Its Structure and Operation (page does not exist)">The Human Body: Its Structure and Operation</a> (1963), Houghton Mifflin, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-451-02430-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-451-02430-5">978-0-451-02430-5</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-451-62707-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-451-62707-0">978-0-451-62707-0</a> (revised)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Human_Brain:_Its_Capacities_and_Functions_(book)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Human Brain: Its Capacities and Functions (book) (page does not exist)">The Human Brain: Its Capacities and Functions</a> (1963), Houghton Mifflin, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-451-62867-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-451-62867-1">978-0-451-62867-1</a></li> <li>Planets for Man (with <a href="/wiki/Stephen_H._Dole" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen H. Dole">Stephen H. Dole</a>) (1964), <a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a>, reprinted by <a href="/wiki/RAND" class="mw-redirect" title="RAND">RAND</a> in 2007 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8330-4226-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8330-4226-2">978-0-8330-4226-2</a><a href="#cite_note-307">[294]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=An_Easy_Introduction_to_the_Slide_Rule&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="An Easy Introduction to the Slide Rule (page does not exist)">An Easy Introduction to the Slide Rule</a> (1965), Houghton Mifflin, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-395-06575-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-395-06575-4">978-0-395-06575-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Intelligent_Man%27s_Guide_to_Science" title="The Intelligent Man's Guide to Science">The Intelligent Man's Guide to Science</a> (1965), <a href="/wiki/Basic_Books" title="Basic Books">Basic Books</a> <ul><li>The title varied with each of the four editions, the last being Asimov's New Guide to Science (1984) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-017213-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-017213-3">978-0-14-017213-3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Universe:_From_Flat_Earth_to_Quasar_(book)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Universe: From Flat Earth to Quasar (book) (page does not exist)">The Universe: From Flat Earth to Quasar</a> (1966), Walker, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-380-01596-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-380-01596-2">978-0-380-01596-2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Neutrino_(book)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Neutrino (book) (page does not exist)">The Neutrino</a> (1966), Doubleday, <a href="/wiki/ASIN" class="mw-redirect" title="ASIN">ASIN</a> B002JK525W</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Understanding_Physics_Vol._I,_Motion,_Sound,_and_Heat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Understanding Physics Vol. I, Motion, Sound, and Heat (page does not exist)">Understanding Physics Vol. I, Motion, Sound, and Heat</a> (1966), Walker, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-451-00329-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-451-00329-4">978-0-451-00329-4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Understanding_Physics_Vol._II,_Light,_Magnetism,_and_Electricity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Understanding Physics Vol. II, Light, Magnetism, and Electricity (page does not exist)">Understanding Physics Vol. II, Light, Magnetism, and Electricity</a> (1966), Walker, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-451-61942-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-451-61942-6">978-0-451-61942-6</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Understanding_Physics_Vol._III,_The_Electron,_Proton,_and_Neutron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Understanding Physics Vol. III, The Electron, Proton, and Neutron (page does not exist)">Understanding Physics Vol. III, The Electron, Proton, and Neutron</a> (1966), Walker, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-451-62634-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-451-62634-9">978-0-451-62634-9</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Photosynthesis_(book)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Photosynthesis (book) (page does not exist)">Photosynthesis</a> (1969), Basic Books, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-465-05703-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-465-05703-0">978-0-465-05703-0</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Our_World_in_Space_(book)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Our World in Space (book) (page does not exist)">Our World in Space</a> (1974), New York Graphic, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8212-0434-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8212-0434-4">978-0-8212-0434-4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eyes_on_the_Universe:_A_History_of_the_Telescope&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eyes on the Universe: A History of the Telescope (page does not exist)">Eyes on the Universe: A History of the Telescope</a> (1976), Andre Deutsch Limited, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-233-96760-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-233-96760-5">0-233-96760-5</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Collapsing_Universe_(book)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Collapsing Universe (book) (page does not exist)">The Collapsing Universe</a> (1977), Walker, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-671-81738-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-671-81738-8">0-671-81738-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrial_Civilizations" title="Extraterrestrial Civilizations">Extraterrestrial Civilizations</a> (1979), Crown, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-449-90020-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-449-90020-8">978-0-449-90020-8</a></li> <li>A Choice of Catastrophes (1979), Simon & Schuster, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-671-22701-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-671-22701-2">978-0-671-22701-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visions_of_the_Universe" title="Visions of the Universe">Visions of the Universe</a> with illustrations by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazuaki_Iwasaki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kazuaki Iwasaki (page does not exist)">Kazuaki Iwasaki</a> (1981), Cosmos Store, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-939540-01-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-939540-01-3">978-0-939540-01-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploring_the_Earth_and_the_Cosmos" title="Exploring the Earth and the Cosmos">Exploring the Earth and the Cosmos</a> (1982), Crown, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-517-54667-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-517-54667-3">978-0-517-54667-3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Measure_of_the_Universe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Measure of the Universe (page does not exist)">The Measure of the Universe</a> (1983), Harper & Row</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Think_About_Space:_Where_Have_We_Been_and_Where_Are_We_Going%3F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Think About Space: Where Have We Been and Where Are We Going? (page does not exist)">Think About Space: Where Have We Been and Where Are We Going?</a> with co-author Frank White (1989), Walker</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asimov%27s_Chronology_of_Science_and_Discovery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asimov's Chronology of Science and Discovery (page does not exist)">Asimov's Chronology of Science and Discovery</a> (1989), Harper & Row, second edition adds content thru 1993, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-270113-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-270113-8">978-0-06-270113-8</a></li> <li>Beginnings: The Story of Origins (1989), Walker</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov%27s_Guide_to_Earth_and_Space" title="Isaac Asimov's Guide to Earth and Space">Isaac Asimov's Guide to Earth and Space</a> (1991), Random House, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-449-22059-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-449-22059-7">978-0-449-22059-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atom:_Journey_Across_the_Subatomic_Cosmos" class="mw-redirect" title="Atom: Journey Across the Subatomic Cosmos">Atom: Journey Across the Subatomic Cosmos</a> (1991), Dutton, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4395-0900-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4395-0900-5">978-1-4395-0900-5</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mysteries_of_Deep_Space:_Quasars,_Pulsars_and_Black_Holes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mysteries of Deep Space: Quasars, Pulsars and Black Holes (page does not exist)">Mysteries of Deep Space: Quasars, Pulsars and Black Holes</a> (1994) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8368-1133-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8368-1133-9">978-0-8368-1133-9</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Earth%27s_Moon_(Asimov)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Earth's Moon (Asimov) (page does not exist)">Earth's Moon</a> (1988), <a href="/wiki/Gareth_Stevens" title="Gareth Stevens">Gareth Stevens</a>, revised in 2003 by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Hantula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Hantula (page does not exist)">Richard Hantula</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59102-122-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59102-122-3">978-1-59102-122-3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Sun_(Asimov)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Sun (Asimov) (page does not exist)">The Sun</a> (1988), Gareth Stevens, revised in 2003 by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Hantula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Hantula (page does not exist)">Richard Hantula</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59102-122-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59102-122-3">978-1-59102-122-3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Earth_(Asimov)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Earth (Asimov) (page does not exist)">The Earth</a> (1988), Gareth Stevens, revised in 2004 by Richard Hantula <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59102-177-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59102-177-3">978-1-59102-177-3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter_(Asimov)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jupiter (Asimov) (page does not exist)">Jupiter</a> (1989), Gareth Stevens, revised in 2004 by Richard Hantula <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59102-123-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59102-123-0">978-1-59102-123-0</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venus_(Asimov)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Venus (Asimov) (page does not exist)">Venus</a> (1990), Gareth Stevens, revised in 2004 by Richard Hantula <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8368-3877-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8368-3877-0">978-0-8368-3877-0</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Literary_works">Literary works</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Asimov&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Literary works">edit</a>]</div> All published by Doubleday <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asimov%27s_Guide_to_Shakespeare" title="Asimov's Guide to Shakespeare">Asimov's Guide to Shakespeare</a>, vols I and II (1970), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-517-26825-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-517-26825-6">0-517-26825-6</a></li> <li>Asimov's Annotated "<a href="/wiki/Don_Juan_(Byron)" class="mw-redirect" title="Don Juan (Byron)">Don Juan</a>" (1972)</li> <li>Asimov's Annotated "<a href="/wiki/Paradise_Lost" title="Paradise Lost">Paradise Lost</a>" (1974)</li> <li>Familiar Poems, Annotated (1976)</li> <li>Asimov's The Annotated "<a href="/wiki/Gulliver%27s_Travels" title="Gulliver's Travels">Gulliver's Travels</a>" (1980)</li> <li>Asimov's Annotated "<a href="/wiki/Gilbert_and_Sullivan" title="Gilbert and Sullivan">Gilbert and Sullivan</a>" (1988)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Bible">The Bible</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Asimov&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: The Bible">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Words from Genesis (1962), <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin" class="mw-redirect" title="Houghton Mifflin">Houghton Mifflin</a></li> <li>Words from the Exodus (1963), Houghton Mifflin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asimov%27s_Guide_to_the_Bible" title="Asimov's Guide to the Bible">Asimov's Guide to the Bible</a>, vols I and II (1967 and 1969, one-volume ed. 1981), Doubleday, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-517-34582-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-517-34582-X">0-517-34582-X</a></li> <li>The Story of Ruth (1972), Doubleday, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-385-08594-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-385-08594-X">0-385-08594-X</a></li> <li>In the Beginning (1981), Crown</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Autobiography">Autobiography</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Asimov&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Autobiography">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Autobiographies_of_Isaac_Asimov" title="Autobiographies of Isaac Asimov">Autobiographies of Isaac Asimov</a></div> <ul><li>In Memory Yet Green: The Autobiography of Isaac Asimov, 1920–1954 (1979, <a href="/wiki/Doubleday_(publisher)" title="Doubleday (publisher)">Doubleday</a>)</li> <li>In Joy Still Felt: The Autobiography of Isaac Asimov, 1954–1978 (1980, Doubleday)</li> <li>I. Asimov: A Memoir (1994, Doubleday)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/It%27s_Been_a_Good_Life" title="It's Been a Good Life">It's Been a Good Life</a> (2002, <a href="/wiki/Prometheus_Books" title="Prometheus Books">Prometheus Books</a>), condensation of Asimov's three volumes of autobiography, edited by his widow, <a href="/wiki/Janet_Asimov" title="Janet Asimov">Janet Jeppson Asimov</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="History">History</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Asimov&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> All published by <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin" class="mw-redirect" title="Houghton Mifflin">Houghton Mifflin</a> except where otherwise stated <ul><li>The Kite That Won the Revolution (1963), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-395-06560-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-395-06560-7">0-395-06560-7</a></li> <li>The Greeks: A Great Adventure (1965)</li> <li>The Roman Republic (1966)</li> <li>The Roman Empire (1967)</li> <li>The Egyptians (1967)</li> <li>The Near East (1968)</li> <li>The Dark Ages (1968)</li> <li>Words from History (1968)</li> <li>The Shaping of England (1969)</li> <li>Constantinople: The Forgotten Empire (1970)</li> <li>The Land of Canaan (1971)</li> <li>The Shaping of France (1972)</li> <li>The Shaping of North America: From Earliest Times to 1763 (1973)</li> <li>The Birth of the United States: 1763–1816 (1974)</li> <li>Our Federal Union: The United States from 1816 to 1865 (1975), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-395-20283-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-395-20283-3">0-395-20283-3</a></li> <li>The Golden Door: The United States from 1865 to 1918 (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asimov%27s_Chronology_of_the_World" title="Asimov's Chronology of the World">Asimov's Chronology of the World</a> (1991), <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-270036-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-270036-7">0-06-270036-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_March_of_the_Millennia" class="mw-redirect" title="The March of the Millennia">The March of the Millennia</a> (1991), with co-author Frank White, Walker & Company, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8027-7391-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8027-7391-5">0-8027-7391-5</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Humor">Humor</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Asimov&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Humor">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>The Sensuous Dirty Old Man (1971) (As Dr. A), Walker & Company, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-451-07199-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-451-07199-9">0-451-07199-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov%27s_Treasury_of_Humor" title="Isaac Asimov's Treasury of Humor">Isaac Asimov's Treasury of Humor</a> (1971), <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin" class="mw-redirect" title="Houghton Mifflin">Houghton Mifflin</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-395-57226-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-395-57226-6">0-395-57226-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lecherous_Limericks" title="Lecherous Limericks">Lecherous Limericks</a> (1975), Walker, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-449-22841-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-449-22841-X">0-449-22841-X</a></li> <li>More Lecherous Limericks (1976), Walker, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8027-7102-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8027-7102-5">0-8027-7102-5</a></li> <li>Still More Lecherous Limericks (1977), Walker, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8027-7106-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8027-7106-8">0-8027-7106-8</a></li> <li>Limericks, Two Gross, with John Ciardi (1978), Norton, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-04530-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-04530-7">0-393-04530-7</a></li> <li>A Grossery of Limericks, with <a href="/wiki/John_Ciardi" title="John Ciardi">John Ciardi</a> (1981), Norton, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-33112-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-33112-1">0-393-33112-1</a></li> <li>Limericks for Children (1984), Caedmon</li> <li>Asimov Laughs Again (1992), <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="On_writing_science_fiction">On writing science fiction</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Asimov&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: On writing science fiction">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Asimov on Science Fiction (1981), Doubleday</li> <li>Asimov's Galaxy (1989), Doubleday</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_nonfiction">Other nonfiction</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Asimov&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Other nonfiction">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Opus_100" title="Opus 100">Opus 100</a> (1969), Houghton Mifflin, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-395-07351-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-395-07351-0">0-395-07351-0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asimov%27s_Biographical_Encyclopedia_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Asimov's Biographical Encyclopedia of Science and Technology">Asimov's Biographical Encyclopedia of Science and Technology</a> (1964), Doubleday (revised edition 1972, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-385-17771-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-385-17771-2">0-385-17771-2</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opus_200" title="Opus 200">Opus 200</a> (1979), Houghton Mifflin, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-395-27625-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-395-27625-X">0-395-27625-X</a></li> <li>Isaac Asimov's Book of Facts (1979), Grosset & Dunlap, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-517-36111-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-517-36111-6">0-517-36111-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opus_300" title="Opus 300">Opus 300</a> (1984), Houghton Mifflin, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-395-36108-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-395-36108-7">0-395-36108-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Angry_Earth" title="Our Angry Earth">Our Angry Earth</a>: A Ticking Ecological Bomb (1991), with co-author <a href="/wiki/Frederik_Pohl" title="Frederik Pohl">Frederik Pohl</a>, Tor, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-312-85252-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-312-85252-5">0-312-85252-5</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Television,_music,_and_film_appearances">Television, music, and film appearances</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Asimov&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Television, music, and film appearances">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/I_Robot_(album)" title="I Robot (album)">I Robot</a>, a concept album by <a href="/wiki/The_Alan_Parsons_Project" title="The Alan Parsons Project">the Alan Parsons Project</a> that examined some of Asimov's work</li> <li>The Last Word (1959)<a href="#cite_note-308">[295]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dick_Cavett_Show" title="The Dick Cavett Show">The Dick Cavett Show</a>, four appearances 1968–71<a href="#cite_note-309">[296]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Nature_of_Things" title="The Nature of Things">The Nature of Things</a> (1969)<a href="#cite_note-310">[297]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a> coverage of <a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a>, 1969, with <a href="/wiki/Fred_Pohl" class="mw-redirect" title="Fred Pohl">Fred Pohl</a>, interviewed by <a href="/wiki/Rod_Serling" title="Rod Serling">Rod Serling</a><a href="#cite_note-311">[298]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Frost" title="David Frost">David Frost</a> interview program, August 1969. Frost asked Asimov if he had ever tried to find God and, after some initial evasion, Asimov answered, "God is much more intelligent than I am—let him try to find me."<a href="#cite_note-312">[299]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Horizon" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC Horizon">BBC Horizon</a> "It's About Time" (1979), show hosted by <a href="/wiki/Dudley_Moore" title="Dudley Moore">Dudley Moore</a></li> <li>Target ... Earth? (1980)</li> <li>The David Letterman Show (1980)<a href="#cite_note-313">[300]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> TV Speaking Freely, interviewed by <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Newman" title="Edwin Newman">Edwin Newman</a> (1982)</li> <li>ARTS Network talk show hosted by <a href="/wiki/Studs_Terkel" title="Studs Terkel">Studs Terkel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Calvin_Trillin" title="Calvin Trillin">Calvin Trillin</a>, approximately (1982)</li> <li>Oltre New York (1986)<a href="#cite_note-314">[301]</a></li> <li>Voyage to the Outer Planets and Beyond (1986)<a href="#cite_note-315">[302]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandahar_(film)" title="Gandahar (film)">Gandahar</a> (1987), a French animated science-fiction film by <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Laloux" title="René Laloux">René Laloux</a>. Asimov wrote the English translation for the film.<a href="#cite_note-316">[303]</a><a href="#cite_note-317">[304]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Moyers" title="Bill Moyers">Bill Moyers</a> interview (1988)<a href="#cite_note-318">[305]</a></li> <li>Stranieri in America (1988)<a href="#cite_note-319">[306]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adaptations">Adaptations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Asimov&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Adaptations">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Isaac_Asimov" title="Special:EditPage/Isaac Asimov">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2024) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>Several of his stories ("<a href="/wiki/The_Dead_Past" title="The Dead Past">The Dead Past</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Sucker_Bait" title="Sucker Bait">Sucker Bait</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Satisfaction_Guaranteed_(short_story)" title="Satisfaction Guaranteed (short story)">Satisfaction Guaranteed</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Reason_(short_story)" title="Reason (short story)">Reason</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Liar!_(short_story)" title="Liar! (short story)">Liar!</a>", and "<a href="/wiki/The_Naked_Sun" title="The Naked Sun">The Naked Sun</a>") were adapted as television plays for the first three series of the science-fiction (later horror) anthology series <a href="/wiki/Out_of_the_Unknown" title="Out of the Unknown">Out of the Unknown</a> between 1965 and 1969. Only "The Dead Past" and "Sucker Bait" are known to still exist entirely as 16mm <a href="/wiki/Telerecordings" class="mw-redirect" title="Telerecordings">telerecordings</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tele-snaps" title="Tele-snaps">Tele-snaps</a>, brief audio recordings and video clips exist for "Satisfaction Guaranteed" and "The Prophet" (adapted from "Reason"), while only production stills, brief audio recordings and video clips exist for "Liar!". Production stills and an almost complete audio recording exist for "The Naked Sun".</li> <li>El robot embustero (1966), short film directed by <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Lara_de_Gavil%C3%A1n" title="Antonio Lara de Gavilán">Antonio Lara de Gavilán</a>, based on short story "<a href="/wiki/Liar!_(short_story)" title="Liar! (short story)">Liar!</a>"</li> <li>A halhatatlanság halála (1977), TV movie directed by <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A1s_Rajnai" title="András Rajnai">András Rajnai</a>, based on novel <a href="/wiki/The_End_of_Eternity" title="The End of Eternity">The End of Eternity</a></li> <li>The Ugly Little Boy (1977), short film directed by <a href="/wiki/Barry_Morse" title="Barry Morse">Barry Morse</a> and Donald W. Thompson, based on novelette <a href="/wiki/The_Ugly_Little_Boy" title="The Ugly Little Boy">The Ugly Little Boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_End_of_Eternity_(film)" title="The End of Eternity (film)">The End of Eternity</a> (1987), film directed by Andrei Yermash, based on novel The End of Eternity</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightfall_(1988_film)" title="Nightfall (1988 film)">Nightfall</a> (1988), film directed by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Mayersberg" title="Paul Mayersberg">Paul Mayersberg</a>, based on novelette "Nightfall"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robots_(1988_film)" title="Robots (1988 film)">Robots</a> (1988), film directed by Doug Smith and Kim Takal, based on the <a href="/wiki/Robot_series" title="Robot series">Robot series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robot_City_(video_game)" title="Robot City (video game)">Robot City</a> (1995), an <a href="/wiki/Adventure_game" title="Adventure game">adventure game</a> released for <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mac_OS" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac OS">Mac OS</a>, based on the book series of the same name that consists of science fiction novels written by multiple authors, inspired by the Robot series.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicentennial_Man_(film)" title="Bicentennial Man (film)">Bicentennial Man</a> (1999), film directed by <a href="/wiki/Chris_Columbus_(filmmaker)" title="Chris Columbus (filmmaker)">Chris Columbus</a>, based on novelette "<a href="/wiki/The_Bicentennial_Man" title="The Bicentennial Man">The Bicentennial Man</a>" and on novel <a href="/wiki/The_Positronic_Man" title="The Positronic Man">The Positronic Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightfall_(2000_film)" title="Nightfall (2000 film)">Nightfall</a> (2000), film directed by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gwyneth_Gibby&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gwyneth Gibby (page does not exist)">Gwyneth Gibby</a>, based on novelette "Nightfall"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/I,_Robot_(film)" title="I, Robot (film)">I, Robot</a> (2004), film directed by <a href="/wiki/Alex_Proyas" title="Alex Proyas">Alex Proyas</a>, with very tenuous connections with the short stories of the Robot series</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_Eye" title="Eagle Eye">Eagle Eye</a> (2008), film directed by D. J. Caruso, loosely based on short story "<a href="/wiki/All_the_Troubles_of_the_World" title="All the Troubles of the World">All the Troubles of the World</a>"</li> <li>Formula of Death (2012), TV movie directed by Behdad Avand Amini, based on novel <a href="/wiki/The_Death_Dealers" title="The Death Dealers">The Death Dealers</a></li> <li>Spell My Name with an S (2014), short film directed by Samuel Ali, based on short story "<a href="/wiki/Spell_My_Name_with_an_S" title="Spell My Name with an S">Spell My Name with an S</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_(TV_series)" title="Foundation (TV series)">Foundation</a> (2021), series created by <a href="/wiki/David_S._Goyer" title="David S. Goyer">David S. Goyer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Josh_Friedman" title="Josh Friedman">Josh Friedman</a>, based on the <a href="/wiki/Foundation_(book_series)" title="Foundation (book series)">Foundation</a> series<a href="#cite_note-320">[307]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Asimov&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Explanatory_footnotes">Explanatory footnotes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Asimov&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Explanatory footnotes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-birthday-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-birthday_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-birthday_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-birthday_2-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1979" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (1979). In Memory Yet Green. p. 31. <q>The date of my birth, as I celebrate it, was January 2, 1920. It could not have been later than that. It might, however, have been earlier. Allowing for the uncertainties of the times, of the lack of <a href="/wiki/Civil_registry" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil registry">records</a>, of the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Jewish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendars</a>, it might have been as early as October 4, 1919. There is, however, no way of finding out. My parents were always uncertain and it really doesn't matter. I celebrate January 2, 1920, so let it be.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Memory+Yet+Green&rft.pages=31&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> Pronunciation note: In the humorous poem "The Prime of Life" published in the anthology <a href="/wiki/The_Bicentennial_Man_and_Other_Stories" title="The Bicentennial Man and Other Stories">The Bicentennial Man and Other Stories</a> (p. 3), Asimov rhymes his name thusly: "Why, <a href="/wiki/Mazel_tov" title="Mazel tov">mazel tov</a>, it's Asimov." In his comments on the poem, Asimov wrote that originally it was "Why, stars above, it's Asimov," and when someone suggested to use "mazel tov" instead, Asimov accepted this as a significant improvement. </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1996" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Stanley (1996). Yours, Isaac Asimov. <q>My estimate is that Isaac received about 100,000 letters in his professional career. And with the compulsiveness that has to be a character trait of a writer of almost 500 books, he answered 90 percent of them. He answered more than half with postcards and didn't make carbons of them. But with the 100,000 letters he received, there are carbons of about 45,000 that he wrote.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yours%2C+Isaac+Asimov&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Stanley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> He obtained his Ph.D. on May 20, 1948.<a href="#cite_note-44">[41]</a> He wrote a dissertation on "Kinetics of the Reaction Inactivation of <a href="/wiki/Tyrosinase" title="Tyrosinase">Tyrosinase</a> During Its Catalysis of the Aerobic Oxidation of <a href="/wiki/Catechol" title="Catechol">Catechol</a>".<a href="#cite_note-45">[42]</a> An abridged version was published in the <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_American_Chemical_Society" title="Journal of the American Chemical Society">Journal of the American Chemical Society</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[43]</a> (February 1950, p. 820; online at the JACS website.<a href="#cite_note-47">[44]</a> (subscription required)). (The introduction to the full dissertation was reprinted in his book <a href="/wiki/Opus_100" title="Opus 100">Opus 100</a>, pp. 171–173.) </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> He had entered the army on November 1, 1945.<a href="#cite_note-57">[53]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> Between 1950 and 1953 he published seven scientific research papers: the summary of his PhD dissertation (described in an earlier explanatory note), which he described as "my longest and my best," and six papers about his research at Boston University ("all those papers were unimportant").<a href="#cite_note-64">[59]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1969" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/nightfallotherst00asim#page/244/mode/2up">Nightfall, and Other Stories</a>. Doubleday. p. 244. <q>I wrote a novel in 1953 which pictured a world in which everyone lived in underground cities, comfortably enclosed away from the open air. People would say, 'How could you imagine such a nightmarish situation?' And I would answer in astonishment, 'What nightmarish situation?'</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nightfall%2C+and+Other+Stories&rft.pages=244&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fnightfallotherst00asim%23page%2F244%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> On the subject of IQ tests, Asimov wrote: "there is no objective definition of intelligence, and what we call intelligence is only a creation of cultural fashion and subjective prejudice,"<a href="#cite_note-108">[101]</a> and "I simply don't think it is reasonable to use IQ tests to produce results of questionable value, which may then serve to justify racists in their own minds and to help bring about the kinds of tragedies we have already witnessed earlier in this century."<a href="#cite_note-109">[102]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> The two exceptions were both 1,000-word short stories written in 1941, "Masks" and "<a href="/wiki/Big_Game_(short_story)" title="Big Game (short story)">Big Game</a>."<a href="#cite_note-136">[128]</a> The latter was published in 1974.<a href="#cite_note-137">[129]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-400th_essay-167"><a href="#cite_ref-400th_essay_167-0">^</a> A 400th essay, a compilation of excerpts from his earlier essays edited by his widow Janet Jeppson Asimov, was published in the magazine in 1994. </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> Asimov, In Joy Still Felt (1980), pp. 464–465: "Of all the books I have ever worked on, I think Asimov's Guide to Shakespeare gave me the most pleasure, day in, day out. For months and months I lived and thought Shakespeare, and I don't see how there can be any greater pleasure in the world—any pleasure, that is, that one can indulge in for as much as ten hours without pause, day after day indefinitely." </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a> Reprinted as "The Birth and Death of the Universe" in Is Anyone There? (Doubleday, 1967) </li> <li id="cite_note-274"><a href="#cite_ref-274">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1994" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (1994). I, Asimov: A Memoir. New York: Doubleday. p. 380. <q>When Israel was founded in 1948 and all my Jewish friends were jubilant, I was the skeleton at the feast. I said, "We are building ourselves a ghetto. We will be surrounded by tens of millions of Muslims who will never forgive, never forget and never go away."... But don't Jews deserve a homeland? Actually, I feel that no human group deserves a "homeland" in the usual sense of the word. ... I am not a Zionist, then, because I don't believe in nations, and Zionism merely sets up one more nation to trouble the world.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=I%2C+Asimov%3A+A+Memoir&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=380&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Asimov&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-azimov-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-azimov_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-azimov_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-azimov_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-azimov_1-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac. In Memory Yet Green. p. 11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Memory+Yet+Green&rft.pages=11&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreedman2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Freedman_(writer)" title="Carl Freedman (writer)">Freedman, Carl</a> (2000). Critical Theory and Science Fiction. Doubleday. p. 71. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780819563996" title="Special:BookSources/9780819563996"><bdi>9780819563996</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Critical+Theory+and+Science+Fiction&rft.pages=71&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780819563996&rft.aulast=Freedman&rft.aufirst=Carl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biblio.com/authors/212/Isaac_Asimov_Biography.html">"Isaac Asimov Biography and List of Works"</a>. Biblio.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100730234538/http://www.biblio.com/authors/212/Isaac_Asimov_Biography.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 30, 2010. Retrieved March 5, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biblio.com&rft.atitle=Isaac+Asimov+Biography+and+List+of+Works&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblio.com%2Fauthors%2F212%2FIsaac_Asimov_Biography.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/1966-hugo-awards/">"1966 Hugo Awards"</a>. thehugoawards.org. <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award" title="Hugo Award">Hugo Award</a>. July 26, 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110507164600/http://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/1966-hugo-awards/">Archived</a> from the original on May 7, 2011. Retrieved July 28, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=thehugoawards.org&rft.atitle=1966+Hugo+Awards&rft.date=2007-07-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehugoawards.org%2Fhugo-history%2F1966-hugo-awards%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1994" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/iasimovmemoir00asim_0/page/475">I. Asimov: A Memoir</a>. New York: Doubleday. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/iasimovmemoir00asim_0/page/475">475–476</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-385-41701-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-385-41701-2"><bdi>0-385-41701-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=I.+Asimov%3A+A+Memoir&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=475-476&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-385-41701-2&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fiasimovmemoir00asim_0%2Fpage%2F475&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1969" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (1969). Opus 100. <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin_Harcourt" title="Houghton Mifflin Harcourt">Houghton Mifflin Harcourt</a>. <q>So [Walter Bradbury] said, 'Use a pseudonym.' And I did. I chose Paul French ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Opus+100&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Harcourt&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1994" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/iasimovmemoir00asim_0/page/500">I. Asimov: A Memoir</a>. New York: Doubleday. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/iasimovmemoir00asim_0/page/500">500</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-385-41701-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-385-41701-2"><bdi>0-385-41701-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=I.+Asimov%3A+A+Memoir&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=500&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-385-41701-2&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fiasimovmemoir00asim_0%2Fpage%2F500&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-asteroid-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-asteroid_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-asteroid_11-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210225081534/http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?utf8=%E2%9C%93&object_id=5020">"5020 Asimov"</a>. Minor Planet Center. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?utf8=✓&object_id=5020">the original</a> on February 25, 2021. Retrieved October 22, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Minor+Planet+Center&rft.atitle=5020+Asimov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.minorplanetcenter.net%2Fdb_search%2Fshow_object%3Futf8%3D%E2%9C%93%26object_id%3D5020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-crater-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-crater_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-crater_12-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/14567">"USGS Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature, Mars: Asimov"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210224205822/http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/14567">Archived</a> from the original on February 24, 2021. Retrieved September 4, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=USGS+Gazetteer+of+Planetary+Nomenclature%2C+Mars%3A+Asimov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fplanetarynames.wr.usgs.gov%2FFeature%2F14567&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdgett2009" class="citation web cs1">Edgett, Ken (May 27, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.planetary.org/blogs/guest-blogs/1965.html">"The Martian Craters Asimov and Danielson"</a>. The Planetary Society. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171107004528/http://www.planetary.org/blogs/guest-blogs/1965.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 7, 2017. Retrieved November 6, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Martian+Craters+Asimov+and+Danielson&rft.pub=The+Planetary+Society&rft.date=2009-05-27&rft.aulast=Edgett&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.planetary.org%2Fblogs%2Fguest-blogs%2F1965.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.schools.nyc.gov/schools/K099">"P.S. 099 Isaac Asimov"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180806183127/https://www.schools.nyc.gov/schools/K099">Archived</a> August 6, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at New York City Department of Education website. (Retrieved August 6, 2018.) </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKupperberg2007" class="citation book cs1">Kupperberg, Paul (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/careersinrobotic00kupp/page/8">Careers in robotics</a>. New York: Rosen Pub. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/careersinrobotic00kupp/page/8">8</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4042-0956-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4042-0956-5"><bdi>978-1-4042-0956-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Careers+in+robotics&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Rosen+Pub&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-4042-0956-5&rft.aulast=Kupperberg&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcareersinrobotic00kupp%2Fpage%2F8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1979" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (1979). In Memory Yet Green. p. 12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Memory+Yet+Green&rft.pages=12&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1979" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (1979). In Memory Yet Green. pp. 8, 10–11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Memory+Yet+Green&rft.pages=8%2C+10-11&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1987" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (1987). The Best Science Fiction of Isaac Asimov. Glasgow: Grafton Books. p. 243.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Best+Science+Fiction+of+Isaac+Asimov&rft.place=Glasgow&rft.pages=243&rft.pub=Grafton+Books&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-earlyyears79_82-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-earlyyears79_82_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-earlyyears79_82_19-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-earlyyears79_82_19-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-earlyyears79_82_19-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1972" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/earlyasimovorele00asim#page/78/mode/2up">The Early Asimov; or, Eleven Years of Trying</a>. Garden City, NY: Doubleday. pp. 79–82.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Early+Asimov%3B+or%2C+Eleven+Years+of+Trying&rft.place=Garden+City%2C+NY&rft.pages=79-82&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1972&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fearlyasimovorele00asim%23page%2F78%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> Asimov, Isaac (1979) In Memory Yet Green, pp. 3–4. Avon. "Strictly speaking, then, I was not born in Russia, nor in the U.S.S.R. either, but in the Russian S.F.S.R. (Great Russia). ... Petrovichi was in the Smolensk-guberniya—that is, in the Smolensk district of Great Russia. "Guberniya" is a term no longer used in the U.S.S.R., I believe, and one would now speak of the Smolensk-oblast instead." </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> Asimov, Isaac (1979) In Memory Yet Green, p. 21. Avon. </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> Asimov, Isaac (1979) In Memory Yet Green, pp. 8, 22, 30. Avon. </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> Asimov, Isaac. I. Asimov: A Memoir, ch. 5. <a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a>, 2009. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-307-57353-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-307-57353-2">0-307-57353-2</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1975" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (1975). Before the Golden Age. Vol. 1. Orbit. p. 4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86007-803-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-86007-803-5"><bdi>0-86007-803-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Before+the+Golden+Age&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Orbit&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=0-86007-803-5&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asimovonline.com/asimov_FAQ.html#non-literary12">Isaac Asimov FAQ</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121016074817/http://www.asimovonline.com/asimov_FAQ.html#non-literary12">Archived</a> October 16, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, asimovonline.com. </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/newsday/obituary.aspx?n=marcia-repanes-asimov&pid=149980085&fhid=3923">"Marcia (Asimov) Repanes"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Newsday" title="Newsday">Newsday</a>. April 4, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131026105505/http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/newsday/obituary.aspx?n=marcia-repanes-asimov&pid=149980085&fhid=3923">Archived</a> from the original on October 26, 2013. Retrieved August 11, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newsday&rft.atitle=Marcia+%28Asimov%29+Repanes&rft.date=2011-04-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legacy.com%2Fobituaries%2Fnewsday%2Fobituary.aspx%3Fn%3Dmarcia-repanes-asimov%26pid%3D149980085%26fhid%3D3923&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1995/08/17/obituaries/stanley-asimov-66-newsday-executive.html">"Stanley Asimov, 66, Newsday Executive"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. August 17, 1995. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190630105356/https://www.nytimes.com/1995/08/17/obituaries/stanley-asimov-66-newsday-executive.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 30, 2019. Retrieved August 11, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Stanley+Asimov%2C+66%2C+Newsday+Executive&rft.date=1995-08-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1995%2F08%2F17%2Fobituaries%2Fstanley-asimov-66-newsday-executive.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> Asimov, Isaac. In Memory Yet Green, p. 661. </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> Asimov, Isaac (1979) In Memory Yet Green, pp. 40–41. Avon. </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov2009" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mATFyeVI7IUC&pg=PA7">I. Asimov : a memoir</a>. New York: Bantam Books. p. 7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780307573537" title="Special:BookSources/9780307573537"><bdi>9780307573537</bdi></a>. Retrieved January 25, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=I.+Asimov+%3A+a+memoir&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Bantam+Books&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780307573537&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmATFyeVI7IUC%26pg%3DPA7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov2002" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (2002). Asimov, Janet (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/itsbeengoodlife00asim/page/12">It's Been a Good Life</a>. Amherst, New York: <a href="/wiki/Prometheus_Books" title="Prometheus Books">Prometheus Books</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/itsbeengoodlife00asim/page/12">12</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57392-968-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-57392-968-9"><bdi>1-57392-968-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=It%27s+Been+a+Good+Life&rft.place=Amherst%2C+New+York&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Prometheus+Books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-57392-968-9&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fitsbeengoodlife00asim%2Fpage%2F12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> Asimov, Isaac (1979) In Memory Yet Green, pp. 47–48, 80. Avon. </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1994" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (1994). I. Asimov: A Memoir. Bantam Books. pp. 2–3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-553-56997-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-553-56997-X"><bdi>0-553-56997-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=I.+Asimov%3A+A+Memoir&rft.pages=2-3&rft.pub=Bantam+Books&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-553-56997-X&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1979" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/inmemoryyetgreen00asim/page/51">In Memory Yet Green</a>. Avon Books. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/inmemoryyetgreen00asim/page/51">51–52</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-380-75432-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-380-75432-0"><bdi>0-380-75432-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Memory+Yet+Green&rft.pages=51-52&rft.pub=Avon+Books&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=0-380-75432-0&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finmemoryyetgreen00asim%2Fpage%2F51&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> Asimov, Isaac. In Memory Yet Green, pp. 51–52. </li> <li id="cite_note-konstantin-36"><a href="#cite_ref-konstantin_36-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKonstantin" class="citation web cs1">Konstantin, Phil. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://americanindian.net/asimov.html">"An Interview with Isaac Asimov"</a>. americanindian.net. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20021012133458/http://americanindian.net/asimov.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 12, 2002. Retrieved March 3, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=americanindian.net&rft.atitle=An+Interview+with+Isaac+Asimov&rft.aulast=Konstantin&rft.aufirst=Phil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Famericanindian.net%2Fasimov.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theregister.co.uk/2020/01/06/isaac_asimov_100_years_on/">"From Soviet to science fiction icon, the weird life of Isaac Asimov 100 years on"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Register" title="The Register">The Register</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200106191331/https://www.theregister.co.uk/2020/01/06/isaac_asimov_100_years_on/">Archived</a> from the original on January 6, 2020. Retrieved January 6, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Register&rft.atitle=From+Soviet+to+science+fiction+icon%2C+the+weird+life+of+Isaac+Asimov+100+years+on&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theregister.co.uk%2F2020%2F01%2F06%2Fisaac_asimov_100_years_on%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> Leslie, David. "Isaac Asimov: centenary of the great explainer." Natur 577, no. 7792 (2020): 614–616. </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bklynlibrary.org/blog/2019/12/27/i-asimov-brooklyn-how">"I, Asimov in Brooklyn: How the Library Shaped a Writer's Mind"</a>. Brooklyn Public Library. December 27, 2019. Retrieved December 29, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brooklyn+Public+Library&rft.atitle=I%2C+Asimov+in+Brooklyn%3A+How+the+Library+Shaped+a+Writer%27s+Mind&rft.date=2019-12-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bklynlibrary.org%2Fblog%2F2019%2F12%2F27%2Fi-asimov-brooklyn-how&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1973" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (1973). The Early Asimov Volume 1. <a href="/wiki/St._Albans" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Albans">St. Albans</a>, Hertfordshire, UK: <a href="/wiki/Panther_Books" title="Panther Books">Panther Books</a>. p. 10. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-586-03806-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-586-03806-X"><bdi>0-586-03806-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Early+Asimov+Volume+1&rft.place=St.+Albans%2C+Hertfordshire%2C+UK&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=Panther+Books&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=0-586-03806-X&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1979" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (1979). In Memory Yet Green. pp. 156–157, 159–160, 240.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Memory+Yet+Green&rft.pages=156-157%2C+159-160%2C+240&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGohn" class="citation web cs1">Gohn, Claudia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.columbiaspectator.com/the-eye/2019/04/15/nearly-a-century-ago-columbias-jewish-applicants-were-sent-to-brooklyn/">"Nearly a Century Ago, Columbia's Jewish Applicants Were Sent to Brooklyn"</a>. Columbia Spectator. Retrieved December 1, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Columbia+Spectator&rft.atitle=Nearly+a+Century+Ago%2C+Columbia%27s+Jewish+Applicants+Were+Sent+to+Brooklyn&rft.aulast=Gohn&rft.aufirst=Claudia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.columbiaspectator.com%2Fthe-eye%2F2019%2F04%2F15%2Fnearly-a-century-ago-columbias-jewish-applicants-were-sent-to-brooklyn%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-earlyyears180_183-43"><a href="#cite_ref-earlyyears180_183_43-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1972" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/earlyasimovorele00asim#page/180/mode/2up">The Early Asimov; or, Eleven Years of Trying</a>. Garden City, NY: Doubleday. pp. 180–183.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Early+Asimov%3B+or%2C+Eleven+Years+of+Trying&rft.place=Garden+City%2C+NY&rft.pages=180-183&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1972&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fearlyasimovorele00asim%23page%2F180%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1979" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (1979). In Memory Yet Green. pp. 525–526.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Memory+Yet+Green&rft.pages=525-526&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asimovreviews.net/Books/Book000.html">"Kinetics of the Reaction Inactivation of Tyrosinase During Its Catalysis of the Aerobic Oxidation of Catechol"</a>. www.asimovreviews.net. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181216105636/http://www.asimovreviews.net/Books/Book000.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 16, 2018. Retrieved February 24, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.asimovreviews.net&rft.atitle=Kinetics+of+the+Reaction+Inactivation+of+Tyrosinase+During+Its+Catalysis+of+the+Aerobic+Oxidation+of+Catechol&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asimovreviews.net%2FBooks%2FBook000.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1979" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (1979). 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Journal of the American Chemical Society. 72 (2): 820–828. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1950JAChS..72..820A">1950JAChS..72..820A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fja01158a045">10.1021/ja01158a045</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0002-7863">0002-7863</a>. 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Retrieved July 27, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frequently+Asked+Questions+about+Isaac+Asimov&rft.pub=asimovonline.com&rft.date=1994%2F2014&rft.aulast=Seiler&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft.au=Jenkin%2C+John+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asimovonline.com%2Fasimov_FAQ.html%23non-literary6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEverts2014" class="citation web cs1">Everts, Bart (July 18, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hiddencityphila.org/2014/07/sci-phi-isaac-asimovs-west-philly-years/">"SciPhi: Isaac Asimov's West Philly Years"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160518042200/http://hiddencityphila.org/2014/07/sci-phi-isaac-asimovs-west-philly-years/">Archived</a> from the original on May 18, 2016. Retrieved July 28, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SciPhi%3A+Isaac+Asimov%27s+West+Philly+Years&rft.date=2014-07-18&rft.aulast=Everts&rft.aufirst=Bart&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhiddencityphila.org%2F2014%2F07%2Fsci-phi-isaac-asimovs-west-philly-years%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> Asimov, Isaac. In Memory Yet Green, p. 426. </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac. In Memory Yet Green. pp. 467–468.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Memory+Yet+Green&rft.pages=467-468&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac. In Memory Yet Green. pp. 472–3, 476.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Memory+Yet+Green&rft.pages=472-3%2C+476&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac. In Memory Yet Green. p. 432.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Memory+Yet+Green&rft.pages=432&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> Asimov, Isaac. In Memory Yet Green. p. 515. </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> Asimov, Isaac. In Memory Yet Green. p. 411. </li> <li id="cite_note-p546-61"><a href="#cite_ref-p546_61-0">^</a> Asimov, Isaac. 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Garden City, NY: Doubleday. pp. 560–564.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Early+Asimov%3B+or%2C+Eleven+Years+of+Trying&rft.place=Garden+City%2C+NY&rft.pages=560-564&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1972&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fearlyasimovorele00asim%23page%2F560%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-wiredforbooks-63">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wiredforbooks_63-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-wiredforbooks_63-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wiredforbooks.org/isaacasimov/">Isaac Asimov Interview with Don Swaim</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080926040513/http://wiredforbooks.org/isaacasimov/">Archived</a> September 26, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (1987) </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac. In Memory Yet Green. pp. 584–585.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Memory+Yet+Green&rft.pages=584-585&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> Multiple sources: <ul><li>Asimov, Isaac (1975) Buy Jupiter and Other Stories, VGSF (1988 ed.), p. 112</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1994" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (1994). I. Asimov: A Memoir. pp. 195–200.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=I.+Asimov%3A+A+Memoir&rft.pages=195-200&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1973" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (1973). 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The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190117082824/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/97/03/23/lifetimes/asi-v-profile.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 17, 2019. Retrieved September 10, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Isaac+Asimov%3A+Man+of+7%2C560%2C000+Words&rft.date=1969-08-03&rft.aulast=Nichols&rft.aufirst=Lewis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.nytimes.com%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Fbooks%2F97%2F03%2F23%2Flifetimes%2Fasi-v-profile.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1994" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (1994). I. 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October 20, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210401040048/https://www.technologyreview.com/2014/10/20/169899/isaac-asimov-asks-how-do-people-get-new-ideas/">Archived</a> from the original on April 1, 2021. Retrieved April 1, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MIT+Technology+Review&rft.atitle=Isaac+Asimov+Asks%2C+%27How+Do+People+Get+New+Ideas%3F%27&rft.date=2014-10-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.technologyreview.com%2F2014%2F10%2F20%2F169899%2Fisaac-asimov-asks-how-do-people-get-new-ideas%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDean2014" class="citation news cs1">Dean, James (October 27, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/technology/article4248519.ece">"The write stuff: Asimov's secret Cold War mission"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141027182242/http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/technology/article4248519.ece">Archived</a> from the original on October 27, 2014. Retrieved October 27, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=The+write+stuff%3A+Asimov%27s+secret+Cold+War+mission&rft.date=2014-10-27&rft.aulast=Dean&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Ftto%2Ftechnology%2Farticle4248519.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> Asimov, I. (1979) In Memory Yet Green, (Avon 1980 edition), p. 351. </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190323094144/https://www.geni.com/people/Gertrude-Asimov-Blugerman/6000000010837202541">"Gertrude Asimov Blugerman"</a>. Geni.com. May 16, 1917. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.geni.com/people/Gertrude-Asimov-Blugerman/6000000010837202541">the original</a> on March 23, 2019. Retrieved March 23, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Geni.com&rft.atitle=Gertrude+Asimov+Blugerman&rft.date=1917-05-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.geni.com%2Fpeople%2FGertrude-Asimov-Blugerman%2F6000000010837202541&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> Asimov, I. (1979) In Memory Yet Green, (Avon 1980 edition), p. 364. </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> Asimov, I. (1979) In Memory Yet Green, (Avon 1980 edition), pp. 355, 366, 476, 480–481, 532, 560–563, 623, and Asimov, I. (1979) In Joy Still Felt, (Avon 1980 edition), pp. 47–49. </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asimovonline.com/asimov_FAQ.html">"Isaac Asimov FAQ"</a>. asimovonline.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121016074817/http://www.asimovonline.com/asimov_FAQ.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 16, 2012. Retrieved March 3, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=asimovonline.com&rft.atitle=Isaac+Asimov+FAQ&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asimovonline.com%2Fasimov_FAQ.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> Asimov wrote in 1969 that "periodic trips to New York ... have, more and more, become a kind of highlight to my life". <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1969" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/nightfallotherst00asim#page/244/mode/2up">Nightfall, and other stories</a>. Doubleday. p. 267.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nightfall%2C+and+other+stories&rft.pages=267&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fnightfallotherst00asim%23page%2F244%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> Asimov, Isaac. (1975) Buy Jupiter and Other Stories, VGSF (1988 ed.), p. 205. </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1980" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/injoystillfelt00isaa/page/659">In Joy Still Felt: The Autobiography of Isaac Asimov, 1954–1978</a>. Garden City, New York: <a href="/wiki/Doubleday_(publisher)" title="Doubleday (publisher)">Doubleday</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/injoystillfelt00isaa/page/659">659, 661</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-385-15544-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-385-15544-1"><bdi>0-385-15544-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Joy+Still+Felt%3A+The+Autobiography+of+Isaac+Asimov%2C+1954%E2%80%931978&rft.place=Garden+City%2C+New+York&rft.pages=659%2C+661&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0-385-15544-1&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finjoystillfelt00isaa%2Fpage%2F659&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1994" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/iasimovmemoir00asim_0/page/129">I. Asimov: A Memoir</a>. New York: Doubleday. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/iasimovmemoir00asim_0/page/129">129–131</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-385-41701-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-385-41701-2"><bdi>0-385-41701-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=I.+Asimov%3A+A+Memoir&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=129-131&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-385-41701-2&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fiasimovmemoir00asim_0%2Fpage%2F129&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1979" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (1979). In Memory Yet Green: The Autobiography of Isaac Asimov, 1920–1954. Garden City, New York: Doubleday. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-385-13679-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-385-13679-X"><bdi>0-385-13679-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Memory+Yet+Green%3A+The+Autobiography+of+Isaac+Asimov%2C+1920%E2%80%931954&rft.place=Garden+City%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=0-385-13679-X&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> Asimov, I. (1973) "The Cruise and I", in The Tragedy of the Moon (1973, Dell), chapter 16. </li> <li id="cite_note-Acrophobia-85">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Acrophobia_85-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Acrophobia_85-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Acrophobia_85-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Acrophobia_85-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1994" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/iasimovmemoir00asim_0/page/125">I. Asimov: A Memoir</a>. New York: Doubleday. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/iasimovmemoir00asim_0/page/125">125–129</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-385-41701-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-385-41701-2"><bdi>0-385-41701-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=I.+Asimov%3A+A+Memoir&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=125-129&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-385-41701-2&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fiasimovmemoir00asim_0%2Fpage%2F125&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fiawol.org.uk/fanstuff/then%20archive/1974Asimov/asimov.htm">"Asimov in the UK"</a>. Rob Hansen's Fan Stuff. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200930035853/http://www.fiawol.org.uk/fanstuff/then%20archive/1974Asimov/asimov.htm">Archived</a> from the original on September 30, 2020. Retrieved July 16, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rob+Hansen%27s+Fan+Stuff&rft.atitle=Asimov+in+the+UK&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fiawol.org.uk%2Ffanstuff%2Fthen%2520archive%2F1974Asimov%2Fasimov.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlatt1978" class="citation book cs1">Platt, Charles (1978). "A Visit with Isaac Asimov". In Durwood, Thomas (ed.). Ariel, The Book of Fantasy, Volume 4. Ariel Books. pp. 28–31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780345278296" title="Special:BookSources/9780345278296"><bdi>9780345278296</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Visit+with+Isaac+Asimov&rft.btitle=Ariel%2C+The+Book+of+Fantasy%2C+Volume+4&rft.pages=28-31&rft.pub=Ariel+Books&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=9780345278296&rft.aulast=Platt&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> Asimov (1980) In Joy Still Felt, p. 676 </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> Asimov (1980), In Joy Still Felt, p. 471. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsimov1971[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisaacasimovstrea00asimpage106mode2up_106]-90"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAsimov1971[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisaacasimovstrea00asimpage106mode2up_106]_90-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAsimov1971">Asimov 1971</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isaacasimovstrea00asim/page/106/mode/2up">106</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> In Memory Yet Green, p. 22. </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewin2018" class="citation web cs1">Lewin, Sarah (October 23, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.space.com/42222-astounding-science-fiction-book-excerpt.html">"Asimov's Sword: Excerpt from 'Astounding' History of Science Fiction"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Space.com" title="Space.com">Space.com</a>. <a href="/wiki/Purch_Group" title="Purch Group">Purch</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181110040337/https://www.space.com/42222-astounding-science-fiction-book-excerpt.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 10, 2018. Retrieved November 9, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Space.com&rft.atitle=Asimov%27s+Sword%3A+Excerpt+from+%27Astounding%27+History+of+Science+Fiction&rft.date=2018-10-23&rft.aulast=Lewin&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2F42222-astounding-science-fiction-book-excerpt.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKellogg2013" class="citation web cs1">Kellogg, Carolyn (May 6, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/books/jacketcopy/la-et-jc-harlan-ellison-isaac-asimov-studs-terkel-together-video-20130503-story.html">"Harlan Ellison, Isaac Asimov, Studs Terkel together in 1982 video"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181017201429/http://articles.latimes.com/2013/may/06/entertainment/la-et-jc-harlan-ellison-isaac-asimov-studs-terkel-together-video-20130503">Archived</a> from the original on October 17, 2018. Retrieved November 9, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Harlan+Ellison%2C+Isaac+Asimov%2C+Studs+Terkel+together+in+1982+video&rft.date=2013-05-06&rft.aulast=Kellogg&rft.aufirst=Carolyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fbooks%2Fjacketcopy%2Fla-et-jc-harlan-ellison-isaac-asimov-studs-terkel-together-video-20130503-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> Asimov, I. (1980) In Joy Still Felt, p. 677. </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1992" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/asimovlaughsagai00isaa">Asimov Laughs Again</a>. New York: HarperCollins Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-016826-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-016826-9"><bdi>0-06-016826-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Asimov+Laughs+Again&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=HarperCollins+Publishers&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-06-016826-9&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fasimovlaughsagai00isaa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhite200583,_219–220-96"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhite200583,_219–220_96-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWhite2005">White (2005)</a>, pp. 83, 219–220. </li> <li id="cite_note-Asimov_p376-377-97"><a href="#cite_ref-Asimov_p376-377_97-0">^</a> Asimov, Isaac. I. 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Retrieved April 29, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+CSI&rft.pub=Committee+for+Skeptical+Inquiry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csicop.org%2Fabout%2Fabout_csi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121013103203/http://www.csicop.org/about/the_pantheon_of_skeptics/">"The Pantheon of Skeptics"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csicop.org/about/the_pantheon_of_skeptics/">the original</a> on October 13, 2012. 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Retrieved August 25, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=A+Conversation+with+James+Randi&rft.date=2017-08-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DDZQNuw2jjzg%26t%3D1s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1981" class="citation book cs1"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Asimov, Isaac</a> (1981) [Originally published 1980; Garden City, NY: <a href="/wiki/Doubleday_(publisher)" title="Doubleday (publisher)">Doubleday</a>]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/injoystillfelt00isaa/page/217">In Joy Still Felt: The Autobiography of Isaac Asimov, 1954–1978</a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Avon_(publisher)" title="Avon (publisher)">Avon</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/injoystillfelt00isaa/page/217">217, 302</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-380-53025-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-380-53025-2"><bdi>0-380-53025-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/79003685">79003685</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/7880716">7880716</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Joy+Still+Felt%3A+The+Autobiography+of+Isaac+Asimov%2C+1954%E2%80%931978&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=217%2C+302&rft.pub=Avon&rft.date=1981&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F7880716&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F79003685&rft.isbn=0-380-53025-2&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finjoystillfelt00isaa%2Fpage%2F217&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov2009" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mATFyeVI7IUC&pg=PT546">I.Asimov: A Memoir</a> (ebook ed.). New York: Bantam Books. pp. 546–547. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-307-57353-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-307-57353-7"><bdi>978-0-307-57353-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/612306604">612306604</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140728030600/http://books.google.com/books?id=mATFyeVI7IUC&pg=PT546">Archived</a> from the original on July 28, 2014. 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Retrieved December 13, 2002.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.asimovonline.com&rft.atitle=Isaac+Asimov+FAQ&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asimovonline.com%2Fasimov_FAQ.html%23non-literary2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-obit-116">^ <a href="#cite_ref-obit_116-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-obit_116-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-obit_116-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1992/04/07/books/isaac-asimov-whose-thoughts-and-books-traveled-the-universe-is-dead-at-72.html">"Isaac Asimov, Whose Thoughts and Books Traveled the Universe, Is Dead at 72"</a>. The New York Times. April 7, 1992. p. B7. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130530061354/http://www.nytimes.com/1992/04/07/books/isaac-asimov-whose-thoughts-and-books-traveled-the-universe-is-dead-at-72.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 30, 2013. Retrieved September 4, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Isaac+Asimov%2C+Whose+Thoughts+and+Books+Traveled+the+Universe%2C+Is+Dead+at+72&rft.pages=B7&rft.date=1992-04-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1992%2F04%2F07%2Fbooks%2Fisaac-asimov-whose-thoughts-and-books-traveled-the-universe-is-dead-at-72.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov2002" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/itsbeengoodlife00asim/page/251">It's Been a Good Life</a>. 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April 4, 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191002160457/http://www.locusmag.com/2002/Issue04/Letter.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 2, 2019. Retrieved January 17, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Locus+Online%3A+Letter+from+Janet+Asimov&rft.date=2002-04-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.locusmag.com%2F2002%2FIssue04%2FLetter.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBock1992" class="citation news cs1">Bock, Hal (April 9, 1992). "Ashe says transfusion gave him AIDS: Former tennis star blames tainted blood received during 1983 bypass surgery". The Globe and Mail. p. E5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Ashe+says+transfusion+gave+him+AIDS%3A+Former+tennis+star+blames+tainted+blood+received+during+1983+bypass+surgery&rft.pages=E5&rft.date=1992-04-09&rft.aulast=Bock&rft.aufirst=Hal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1969" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/nightfallotherst00asim#page/204/mode/2up">Nightfall, and other stories</a>. Doubleday. pp. 205, 244.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nightfall%2C+and+other+stories&rft.pages=205%2C+244&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fnightfallotherst00asim%23page%2F204%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1988" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (1988). <a href="/wiki/Prelude_to_Foundation" title="Prelude to Foundation">Prelude to Foundation</a>. 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Garden City, NY: Doubleday. pp. 1–9.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Early+Asimov%3B+or%2C+Eleven+Years+of+Trying&rft.place=Garden+City%2C+NY&rft.pages=1-9&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1972&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fearlyasimovorele00asim%23page%2Fn11%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/openmind_ep48">Video: Asimov at 391 (1988)</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Open_Mind_(TV_series)" title="The Open Mind (TV series)">The Open Mind (TV series)</a>. 1988. 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Orbit. p. 14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86007-803-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-86007-803-5"><bdi>0-86007-803-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Before+the+Golden+Age&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Orbit&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=0-86007-803-5&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> Asimov, Isaac. 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ISFDB. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160917013833/http://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/pl.cgi?26941">Archived</a> from the original on September 17, 2016. Retrieved August 4, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=isfdb.org&rft.atitle=Publication%3A+Psychohistorical+Crisis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.isfdb.org%2Fcgi-bin%2Fpl.cgi%3F26941&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-earlyyears488_501-154"><a href="#cite_ref-earlyyears488_501_154-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1972" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/earlyasimovorele00asim#page/488/mode/2up">The Early Asimov; or, Eleven Years of Trying</a>. Garden City, NY: Doubleday. pp. 488–501.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Early+Asimov%3B+or%2C+Eleven+Years+of+Trying&rft.place=Garden+City%2C+NY&rft.pages=488-501&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1972&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fearlyasimovorele00asim%23page%2F488%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-latham2009-155"><a href="#cite_ref-latham2009_155-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLatham2009" class="citation book cs1">Latham, Rob (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=y7CNAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA80">"Fiction, 1950-1963"</a>. In Bould, Mark; Butler, Andrew M.; Roberts, Adam; Vint, Sherryl (eds.). The Routledge Companion to Science Fiction. Routledge. pp. 80–89. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-22836-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-22836-1"><bdi>978-1-135-22836-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126075634/https://books.google.com/books?id=y7CNAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA80">Archived</a> from the original on January 26, 2021. Retrieved November 21, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Fiction%2C+1950-1963&rft.btitle=The+Routledge+Companion+to+Science+Fiction&rft.pages=80-89&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-135-22836-1&rft.aulast=Latham&rft.aufirst=Rob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dy7CNAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA80&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> In Memory Yet Green, p. 627. </li> <li id="cite_note-asimov1973-157">^ <a href="#cite_ref-asimov1973_157-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-asimov1973_157-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-asimov1973_157-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-asimov1973_157-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-asimov1973_157-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1973" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/bestofisaacasimo00asim#page/n11/mode/2up">"Introduction"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bestofisaacasimo00asim/page/">The Best of Isaac Asimov</a>. Sphere Books. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bestofisaacasimo00asim/page/">ix–xiv</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-385-05078-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-385-05078-X"><bdi>0-385-05078-X</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/74-2863">74-2863</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=The+Best+of+Isaac+Asimov&rft.pages=ix-xiv&rft.pub=Sphere+Books&rft.date=1973&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F74-2863&rft.isbn=0-385-05078-X&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fbestofisaacasimo00asim%23page%2Fn11%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jupiter174-158">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jupiter174_158-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jupiter174_158-1">b</a> Asimov (1975) Buy Jupiter and Other Stories, VGSF (1988 ed.), p. 174. </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131001063632/http://www.locusmag.com/SFAwards/Db/Locus1973.html">"1973 Awards"</a>. The Locus Index to SF Awards. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.locusmag.com/SFAwards/Db/Locus1973.html">the original</a> on October 1, 2013. Retrieved September 8, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Locus+Index+to+SF+Awards&rft.atitle=1973+Awards&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.locusmag.com%2FSFAwards%2FDb%2FLocus1973.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> Asimov, I. (1980) In Joy Still Felt Avon, p. 693. </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1969" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/nightfallotherst00asim#page/224/mode/2up">Nightfall, and other stories</a>. Doubleday. p. 224.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nightfall%2C+and+other+stories&rft.pages=224&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fnightfallotherst00asim%23page%2F224%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac. I. Asimov: A Memoir. pp. 428–429.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=I.+Asimov%3A+A+Memoir&rft.pages=428-429&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1995" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (1995). I. Asimov: A Memoir. New York: Bantam. pp. 252–254. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-553-56997-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-553-56997-X"><bdi>0-553-56997-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=I.+Asimov%3A+A+Memoir&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=252-254&rft.pub=Bantam&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-553-56997-X&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-budrys196506-164"><a href="#cite_ref-budrys196506_164-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBudrys1965" class="citation magazine cs1">Budrys, Algis (June 1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/Galaxy_v23n05_1965-06#page/n163/mode/2up">"Galaxy Bookshelf"</a>. Galaxy Science Fiction. pp. 164–169.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Galaxy+Science+Fiction&rft.atitle=Galaxy+Bookshelf&rft.pages=164-169&rft.date=1965-06&rft.aulast=Budrys&rft.aufirst=Algis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2FGalaxy_v23n05_1965-06%23page%2Fn163%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nightfall321-165">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nightfall321_165-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nightfall321_165-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1969" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/nightfallotherst00asim#page/320/mode/2up">Nightfall, and other stories</a>. Doubleday. p. 321.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nightfall%2C+and+other+stories&rft.pages=321&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fnightfallotherst00asim%23page%2F320%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asimovonline.com/oldsite/Essays/f_and_sf_essays.html">"Asimov Essays From the Mag. of F&SF"</a>. www.asimovonline.com. Retrieved December 29, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.asimovonline.com&rft.atitle=Asimov+Essays+From+the+Mag.+of+F%26SF&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asimovonline.com%2Foldsite%2FEssays%2Ff_and_sf_essays.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1975" class="citation magazine cs1">Asimov, Isaac (January 1975). "Thinking About Thinking". The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction. New York: Mercury Press, Inc.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Magazine+of+Fantasy+and+Science+Fiction&rft.atitle=Thinking+About+Thinking&rft.date=1975-01&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1967" class="citation magazine cs1">Asimov, Isaac (November 1967). "Knock Plastic!". The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction. New York: Mercury Press, Inc.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Magazine+of+Fantasy+and+Science+Fiction&rft.atitle=Knock+Plastic%21&rft.date=1967-11&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> Asimov (1975), Buy Jupiter (VGSF 1988 edition), p. 125. </li> <li id="cite_note-1963hugo-171">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1963hugo_171-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-1963hugo_171-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nesfa.org/data/LL/Hugos/hugos1963.html">1963 Hugo Award winners</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170930112929/http://www.nesfa.org/data/LL/Hugos/hugos1963.html">Archived</a> September 30, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at the New England Science Fiction Association website (retrieved October 22, 2017). </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> I. Asimov: A Memoir chapter 65. </li> <li id="cite_note-asimov196708-173">^ <a href="#cite_ref-asimov196708_173-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-asimov196708_173-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-asimov196708_173-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1967" class="citation magazine cs1">Asimov, Isaac (August 1967). "S. F. as a Stepping Stone". Editorial. Galaxy Science Fiction. pp. 4, 6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Galaxy+Science+Fiction&rft.atitle=S.+F.+as+a+Stepping+Stone&rft.pages=4%2C+6&rft.date=1967-08&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> Asimov, I. <a href="/wiki/In_Joy_Still_Felt" class="mw-redirect" title="In Joy Still Felt">In Joy Still Felt</a> (Doubleday, 1980) chapter 30. </li> <li id="cite_note-gale196008-175"><a href="#cite_ref-gale196008_175-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGale1960" class="citation magazine cs1">Gale, Floyd C. (August 1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/Galaxy_v18n06_1960-08#page/115/mode/2up">"Galaxy's 5 Star Shelf"</a>. Galaxy Science Fiction. pp. 117–121.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Galaxy+Science+Fiction&rft.atitle=Galaxy%27s+5+Star+Shelf&rft.pages=117-121&rft.date=1960-08&rft.aulast=Gale&rft.aufirst=Floyd+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2FGalaxy_v18n06_1960-08%23page%2F115%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gale196112-176"><a href="#cite_ref-gale196112_176-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGale1961" class="citation magazine cs1">Gale, Floyd C. (December 1961). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/Galaxy_v20n02_1961-12_modified#page/n42/mode/1up">"Galaxy's 5 Star Shelf"</a>. Galaxy Science Fiction. pp. 144–147.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Galaxy+Science+Fiction&rft.atitle=Galaxy%27s+5+Star+Shelf&rft.pages=144-147&rft.date=1961-12&rft.aulast=Gale&rft.aufirst=Floyd+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2FGalaxy_v20n02_1961-12_modified%23page%2Fn42%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1969" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/nightfallotherst00asim#page/298/mode/2up">Nightfall, and other stories</a>. Doubleday. p. 299.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nightfall%2C+and+other+stories&rft.pages=299&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fnightfallotherst00asim%23page%2F298%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the term "robotics" was first used in the short story "Liar!" published in the May 1941 issue of Astounding Science Fiction. </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1996" class="citation book cs1"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Asimov, Isaac</a> (1996) [1995]. "The Robot Chronicles". Gold. London: Voyager. pp. 224–225. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-00-648202-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-00-648202-3"><bdi>0-00-648202-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Robot+Chronicles&rft.btitle=Gold&rft.place=London&rft.pages=224-225&rft.pub=Voyager&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-00-648202-3&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1983" class="citation book cs1"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Asimov, Isaac</a> (1983). "4 The Word I Invented". <a href="/wiki/Counting_the_Eons" title="Counting the Eons">Counting the Eons</a>. Doubleday. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1983coeo.book.....A">1983coeo.book.....A</a>. <q>Robotics has become a sufficiently well developed technology to warrant articles and books on its history and I have watched this in amazement, and in some disbelief, because I invented ... the word</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=4+The+Word+I+Invented&rft.btitle=Counting+the+Eons&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1983&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1983coeo.book.....A&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/positronic">Oxford Dictionary website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190529191116/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/positronic">Archived</a> May 29, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> entry for "positronic" </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1988" class="citation magazine cs1">Asimov, Isaac (July 1988). "Psychohistory". Isaac Asimov's Science Fiction. Vol. 12, no. 7. Davis Publications. pp. 4–8. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0162-2188">0162-2188</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Isaac+Asimov%27s+Science+Fiction&rft.atitle=Psychohistory&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=4-8&rft.date=1988-07&rft.issn=0162-2188&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNoland1977" class="citation journal cs1">Noland, Richard W. (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25088736">"Psychohistory, Theory and Practice"</a>. The Massachusetts Review. 18 (2): 295–322. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0025-4878">0025-4878</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25088736">25088736</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11614903">11614903</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Massachusetts+Review&rft.atitle=Psychohistory%2C+Theory+and+Practice&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=295-322&rft.date=1977&rft.issn=0025-4878&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25088736%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11614903&rft.aulast=Noland&rft.aufirst=Richard+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25088736&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShepherd1978" class="citation journal cs1">Shepherd, Michael (June 1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1436484">"Clio and Psyche: The Lessons of Psychohistory"</a>. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 71 (6): 406–412. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F014107687807100604">10.1177/014107687807100604</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1436484">1436484</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/359805">359805</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Royal+Society+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=Clio+and+Psyche%3A+The+Lessons+of+Psychohistory&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=406-412&rft.date=1978-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1436484%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F359805&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F014107687807100604&rft.aulast=Shepherd&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1436484&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1965" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (1965). The Greeks: A Great Adventure. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Greeks%3A+A+Great+Adventure&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=1965&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1966" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (1966). The Roman Republic. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Roman+Republic&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1967" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (1967). The Roman Empire. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Roman+Empire&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=1967&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1967" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (1967). The Egyptians. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Egyptians&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=1967&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1968" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (1968). The Near East: 10,000 Years of History. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Near+East%3A+10%2C000+Years+of+History&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=1968&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1991" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (1991). Asimov's Chronology of the World. New York: HarperCollins.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Asimov%27s+Chronology+of+the+World&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> I. Asimov: A Memoir chapter 112. </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1991" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (1991). Puzzles of the Black Widowers. Bantam Books. p. xiii.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Puzzles+of+the+Black+Widowers&rft.pages=xiii&rft.pub=Bantam+Books&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBreen1982" class="citation book cs1">Breen, Jon L. "An Evening with the White Divorcés" (1982). Hair of the Sleuthhound. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow. pp. 125–131.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hair+of+the+Sleuthhound&rft.place=Metuchen%2C+NJ&rft.pages=125-131&rft.pub=Scarecrow&rft.date=1982&rft.aulast=Breen&rft.aufirst=Jon+L.+%22An+Evening+with+the+White+Divorc%C3%A9s%22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBreen1982" class="citation book cs1">Breen, Jon L. "An Evening with the White Divorcés" (1982). Hair of the Sleuthhound. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow. p. 131.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hair+of+the+Sleuthhound&rft.place=Metuchen%2C+NJ&rft.pages=131&rft.pub=Scarecrow&rft.date=1982&rft.aulast=Breen&rft.aufirst=Jon+L.+%22An+Evening+with+the+White+Divorc%C3%A9s%22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Asimov_1971-196">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Asimov_1971_196-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Asimov_1971_196-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1971" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (1971). Isaac Asimov's Treasury of Humor. New York: Houghton Mifflin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-395-12665-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-395-12665-7"><bdi>0-395-12665-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Isaac+Asimov%27s+Treasury+of+Humor&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=0-395-12665-7&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Asimov_1992-197">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Asimov_1992_197-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Asimov_1992_197-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1992" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/asimovlaughsagai00isaa">Asimov Laughs Again</a>. London: HarperCollins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-016826-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-016826-9"><bdi>0-06-016826-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Asimov+Laughs+Again&rft.place=London&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-06-016826-9&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fasimovlaughsagai00isaa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> In Joy Still Felt, p. 569. </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHines2016" class="citation news cs1">Hines, Jim C. (August 29, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://io9.gizmodo.com/dont-look-away-fighting-sexual-harassment-in-the-scifi-1785704207">"Don't Look Away: Fighting Sexual Harassment in the Scifi/Fantasy Community"</a>. io9. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171123220020/https://io9.gizmodo.com/dont-look-away-fighting-sexual-harassment-in-the-scifi-1785704207">Archived</a> from the original on November 23, 2017. Retrieved December 18, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=io9&rft.atitle=Don%27t+Look+Away%3A+Fighting+Sexual+Harassment+in+the+Scifi%2FFantasy+Community&rft.date=2016-08-29&rft.aulast=Hines&rft.aufirst=Jim+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fio9.gizmodo.com%2Fdont-look-away-fighting-sexual-harassment-in-the-scifi-1785704207&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1979" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (1979). In Memory Yet Green: The Autobiography of Isaac Asimov, 1920–1954. New York: Doubleday. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-385-13679-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-385-13679-X"><bdi>0-385-13679-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Memory+Yet+Green%3A+The+Autobiography+of+Isaac+Asimov%2C+1920%E2%80%931954&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=0-385-13679-X&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1979" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (1979). In Joy Still Felt: The Autobiography of Isaac Asimov, 1954–1978. New York: Doubleday. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-385-13679-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-385-13679-X"><bdi>0-385-13679-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Joy+Still+Felt%3A+The+Autobiography+of+Isaac+Asimov%2C+1954%E2%80%931978&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=0-385-13679-X&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1994" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/iasimovmemoir00asim_0">I. Asimov: A Memoir</a>. New York: Doubleday. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-385-41701-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-385-41701-2"><bdi>0-385-41701-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=I.+Asimov%3A+A+Memoir&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-385-41701-2&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fiasimovmemoir00asim_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/1995-hugo-awards/">"1995 Hugo Awards"</a>. The Hugo Awards. July 26, 2007. Retrieved December 29, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hugo+Awards&rft.atitle=1995+Hugo+Awards&rft.date=2007-07-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehugoawards.org%2Fhugo-history%2F1995-hugo-awards%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov2002" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/itsbeengoodlife00asim">It's Been a Good Life</a>. New York: Prometheus Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57392-968-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-57392-968-9"><bdi>1-57392-968-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=It%27s+Been+a+Good+Life&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Prometheus+Books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-57392-968-9&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fitsbeengoodlife00asim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Asimov_1969-205">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Asimov_1969_205-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Asimov_1969_205-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1969" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (1969). Opus 100. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Opus+100&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Asimov_1979-206">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Asimov_1979_206-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Asimov_1979_206-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1979" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/opus20000asim">Opus 200</a>. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-395-27625-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-395-27625-X"><bdi>0-395-27625-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Opus+200&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=0-395-27625-X&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fopus20000asim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Asimov_1984-207">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Asimov_1984_207-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Asimov_1984_207-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1984" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (1984). Opus 300. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-395-36108-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-395-36108-7"><bdi>0-395-36108-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Opus+300&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0-395-36108-7&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimovAsimov1987" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Janet_Asimov" title="Janet Asimov">Asimov, Janet</a>; Asimov, Isaac (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/howtoenjoywritin00asim_0">How to Enjoy Writing: A Book of Aid and Comfort</a>. New York: Walker & Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8027-0945-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8027-0945-1"><bdi>0-8027-0945-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+to+Enjoy+Writing%3A+A+Book+of+Aid+and+Comfort&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Walker+%26+Co.&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-8027-0945-1&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Janet&rft.au=Asimov%2C+Isaac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhowtoenjoywritin00asim_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asimovreviews.net/Books/Book362.html">"How to Enjoy Writing: A Book of Aid and Comfort"</a>. John H. Jenkins. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160803195159/http://asimovreviews.net/Books/Book362.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 3, 2016. Retrieved August 4, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+to+Enjoy+Writing%3A+A+Book+of+Aid+and+Comfort&rft.pub=John+H.+Jenkins&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asimovreviews.net%2FBooks%2FBook362.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120627222403/http://www.lettersofnote.com/2012/06/getting-star-trek-on-air-was-impossible.html">"Letters of Note: Getting Star Trek on the air was impossible"</a>. June 25, 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lettersofnote.com/2012/06/getting-star-trek-on-air-was-impossible.html">the original</a> on June 27, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Letters+of+Note%3A+Getting+Star+Trek+on+the+air+was+impossible&rft.date=2012-06-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lettersofnote.com%2F2012%2F06%2Fgetting-star-trek-on-air-was-impossible.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1973" class="citation book cs1"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Asimov, Isaac</a> (1973). "The Week Excuse". <a href="/wiki/The_Tragedy_of_the_Moon" title="The Tragedy of the Moon">The Tragedy of the Moon</a>. Doubleday and Co. pp. 48–58. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-440-18999-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-440-18999-3"><bdi>0-440-18999-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Week+Excuse&rft.btitle=The+Tragedy+of+the+Moon&rft.pages=48-58&rft.pub=Doubleday+and+Co&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=0-440-18999-3&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SFAwards-212"><a href="#cite_ref-SFAwards_212-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.locusmag.com/SFAwards/Db/NomLit5.html#179">"Asimov, Isaac"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121016200502/http://locusmag.com/SFAwards/Db/NomLit5.html">Archived</a> October 16, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. The Locus Index to SF Awards: Index of Literary Nominees. <a href="/wiki/Locus_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="Locus Publications">Locus Publications</a>. Retrieved March 24, 2013. </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeilerHatcher2014" class="citation web cs1">Seiler, Edward; Hatcher, Richard (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asimovonline.com/asimov_FAQ.html#literary3">"What awards did he win for his writing?"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121016074817/http://www.asimovonline.com/asimov_FAQ.html#literary3">Archived</a> from the original on October 16, 2012. Retrieved August 4, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+awards+did+he+win+for+his+writing%3F&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Seiler&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft.au=Hatcher%2C+Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asimovonline.com%2Fasimov_FAQ.html%23literary3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smofinfo.com/LL/TheLongList.html">"The Long List of Worldcons"</a>. www.smofinfo.com. Retrieved December 29, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.smofinfo.com&rft.atitle=The+Long+List+of+Worldcons&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smofinfo.com%2FLL%2FTheLongList.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asimovreviews.net/Books/Book022.html">"Building Blocks of the Universe"</a>. www.asimovreviews.net. Retrieved December 29, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.asimovreviews.net&rft.atitle=Building+Blocks+of+the+Universe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asimovreviews.net%2FBooks%2FBook022.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a> Asimov, I. (1980) In Joy Still Felt Avon, p. 210. </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a> Asimov, I. (1980) In Joy Still Felt Avon, p. 278. </li> <li id="cite_note-AAAS-218"><a href="#cite_ref-AAAS_218-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterA.pdf">"Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter A"</a> (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181005182401/http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterA.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on October 5, 2018. Retrieved April 25, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Book+of+Members%2C+1780%E2%80%932010%3A+Chapter+A&rft.pub=American+Academy+of+Arts+and+Sciences&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amacad.org%2Fpublications%2FBookofMembers%2FChapterA.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/funding-and-awards/awards/national/bytopic/james-t-grady-james-h-stack-award-for-interpreting-chemistry-for-the-public.html">James T. Grady-James H. Stack Award for Interpreting Chemistry for the Public</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171018051603/https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/funding-and-awards/awards/national/bytopic/james-t-grady-james-h-stack-award-for-interpreting-chemistry-for-the-public.html">Archived</a> October 18, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at the American Chemical Society website (retrieved October 22, 2017). </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nesfa.org/data/LL/Hugos/hugos1966.html">1966 Hugo Award winners</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160403182439/http://www.nesfa.org/data/LL/Hugos/hugos1966.html">Archived</a> April 3, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at the New England Science Fiction Association website (retrieved October 22, 2017). </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nesfa.org/awards/skylark.html">The E. E. Smith Memorial Award</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081204000351/http://www.nesfa.org/awards/skylark.html">Archived</a> December 4, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at the New England Science Fiction Association website (retrieved October 22, 2017). </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docslide.com.br/documents/aaas-westinghouse-science-writing-awards.html">AAAS-Westinghouse Science Writing Award</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171023010637/https://docslide.com.br/documents/aaas-westinghouse-science-writing-awards.html">Archived</a> October 23, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at docslide.com (retrieved October 22, 2017) (scroll down). </li> <li id="cite_note-WWE-224">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WWE_224-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WWE_224-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WWE_224-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WWE_224-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WWE_224-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldswithoutend.com/novel.asp?ID=20">"The Gods Themselves"</a>. Worlds Without End. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170724112819/https://www.worldswithoutend.com/novel.asp?id=20">Archived</a> from the original on July 24, 2017. Retrieved September 8, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Worlds+Without+End&rft.atitle=The+Gods+Themselves&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldswithoutend.com%2Fnovel.asp%3FID%3D20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#science-exploration">"Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement"</a>. www.achievement.org. <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Achievement" class="mw-redirect" title="American Academy of Achievement">American Academy of Achievement</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161215023909/https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#science-exploration">Archived</a> from the original on December 15, 2016. Retrieved May 20, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.achievement.org&rft.atitle=Golden+Plate+Awardees+of+the+American+Academy+of+Achievement&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fachievement.org%2Four-history%2Fgolden-plate-awards%2F%23science-exploration&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181112021739/https://www.astrosociety.org/about-us/awards/past-recipients-of-the-klumpke-roberts-award/">"Past Recipients of the Klumpke-Roberts Award « Astronomical Society"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.astrosociety.org/about-us/awards/past-recipients-of-the-klumpke-roberts-award/">the original</a> on November 12, 2018. Retrieved December 29, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Past+Recipients+of+the+Klumpke-Roberts+Award+%C2%AB+Astronomical+Society&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.astrosociety.org%2Fabout-us%2Fawards%2Fpast-recipients-of-the-klumpke-roberts-award%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-sfadb.com-227">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sfadb.com_227-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-sfadb.com_227-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-sfadb.com_227-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfadb.com/Isaac_Asimov">"sfadb : Isaac Asimov Awards"</a>. www.sfadb.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180928050747/http://www.sfadb.com/Isaac_Asimov">Archived</a> from the original on September 28, 2018. Retrieved September 15, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sfadb.com&rft.atitle=sfadb+%3A+Isaac+Asimov+Awards&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfadb.com%2FIsaac_Asimov&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-228"><a href="#cite_ref-228">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nesfa.org/data/LL/Hugos/hugos1977.html">1977 Hugo Award winners</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170929005713/http://www.nesfa.org/data/LL/Hugos/hugos1977.html">Archived</a> September 29, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at the New England Science Fiction Association website (retrieved October 22, 2017). </li> <li id="cite_note-229"><a href="#cite_ref-229">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfadb.com/Nebula_Awards_1977">"Nebula Awards 1977"</a>. Science Fiction Awards Database. <a href="/wiki/Locus_(magazine)" title="Locus (magazine)">Locus</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151025042352/http://www.sfadb.com/Nebula_Awards_1977">Archived</a> from the original on October 25, 2015. Retrieved December 6, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Science+Fiction+Awards+Database&rft.atitle=Nebula+Awards+1977&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfadb.com%2FNebula_Awards_1977&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfadb.com/Locus_Awards_1977">"sfadb: Locus Awards 1977"</a>. www.sfadb.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180915002155/http://www.sfadb.com/Locus_Awards_1977">Archived</a> from the original on September 15, 2018. Retrieved September 14, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sfadb.com&rft.atitle=sfadb%3A+Locus+Awards+1977&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfadb.com%2FLocus_Awards_1977&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WWE-1983-231">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WWE-1983_231-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WWE-1983_231-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldswithoutend.com/books_year_index.asp?year=1983">"1983 Award Winners & Nominees"</a>. Worlds Without End. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120722201338/https://www.worldswithoutend.com/books_year_index.asp?year=1983">Archived</a> from the original on July 22, 2012. Retrieved June 30, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Worlds+Without+End&rft.atitle=1983+Award+Winners+%26+Nominees&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldswithoutend.com%2Fbooks_year_index.asp%3Fyear%3D1983&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-232"><a href="#cite_ref-232">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130114082408/http://www.americanhumanist.org/AHA/Humanists_of_the_Year">"The Humanist of the Year"</a>. American Humanist Association. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanhumanist.org/AHA/Humanists_of_the_Year">the original</a> on January 14, 2013. Retrieved May 1, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Humanist+of+the+Year&rft.pub=American+Humanist+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanhumanist.org%2FAHA%2FHumanists_of_the_Year&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SFWA-233"><a href="#cite_ref-SFWA_233-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfwa.org/nebula-awards/nebula-weekend/events-program/grandmaster/">"Damon Knight Memorial Grand Master"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130123091612/http://www.sfwa.org/nebula-awards/nebula-weekend/events-program/grandmaster/">Archived</a> January 23, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America (SFWA). (Retrieved March 24, 2013.) </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isfdb.org/cgi-bin/award_category.cgi?378+0">"Award Category: Best Short Story (Locus Poll Award)"</a>. Internet Speculative Fiction Database. Retrieved December 29, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Internet+Speculative+Fiction+Database&rft.atitle=Award+Category%3A+Best+Short+Story+%28Locus+Poll+Award%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fisfdb.org%2Fcgi-bin%2Faward_category.cgi%3F378%2B0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nesfa.org/data/LL/Hugos/hugos1992.html">1992 Hugo Award winners</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080608015505/http://www.nesfa.org/data/LL/Hugos/hugos1992.html">Archived</a> June 8, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at the New England Science Fiction Association website (retrieved October 22, 2017). </li> <li id="cite_note-236"><a href="#cite_ref-236">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nesfa.org/data/LL/Hugos/hugos1995.html">1995 Hugo Award winners</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170901081925/http://www.nesfa.org/data/LL/Hugos/hugos1995.html">Archived</a> September 1, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at the New England Science Fiction Association website (retrieved October 22, 2017). </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/1946-retro-hugo-awards/">"1946 Retro-Hugo Awards"</a>. The Hugo Awards. July 26, 2007. Retrieved December 29, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hugo+Awards&rft.atitle=1946+Retro-Hugo+Awards&rft.date=2007-07-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehugoawards.org%2Fhugo-history%2F1946-retro-hugo-awards%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-sfhof-old-238"><a href="#cite_ref-sfhof-old_238-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.midamericon.org/halloffame/">"Science Fiction and Fantasy Hall of Fame"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130521070009/http://www.midamericon.org/halloffame/">Archived</a> May 21, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Mid American Science Fiction and Fantasy Conventions, Inc. Retrieved March 24, 2013. This was the official website of the hall of fame to 2004. </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://israelphilately.org.il/en/catalog/stamps/1633/Science%20Fiction%3a%20Robotics%2c%20Travel%20in%20Time%2c%20Travel%20in%20Space">Israel Philatelic Federation</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171023011301/http://israelphilately.org.il/en/catalog/stamps/1633/Science%20Fiction%3a%20Robotics%2c%20Travel%20in%20Time%2c%20Travel%20in%20Space">Archived</a> October 23, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (retrieved October 22, 2017). </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/house-resolution/1055/text">"H.Res.1055 – Supporting the designation of National Robotics Week as an annual event"</a>. Congress.gov. March 9, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200113101906/https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/house-resolution/1055/text">Archived</a> from the original on January 13, 2020. Retrieved June 6, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=H.Res.1055+%E2%80%93+Supporting+the+designation+of+National+Robotics+Week+as+an+annual+event.&rft.pub=Congress.gov&rft.date=2010-03-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.congress.gov%2Fbill%2F111th-congress%2Fhouse-resolution%2F1055%2Ftext&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-241"><a href="#cite_ref-241">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nyla.org/max/userfiles/documents/hallfame15release.pdf">"2015 Inductees to the NYS Writers Hall of Fame Announced"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170626191825/https://www.nyla.org/max/userfiles/documents/hallfame15release.pdf">Archived</a> June 26, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, New York Library Association website. (Retrieved March 26, 2016.) </li> <li id="cite_note-242"><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/1941-retro-hugo-awards/">"1941 Retro-Hugo Awards"</a>. The Hugo Awards. December 29, 2015. 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Retrieved December 29, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hugo+Awards&rft.atitle=1943+Retro-Hugo+Awards&rft.date=2018-03-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehugoawards.org%2Fhugo-history%2F1943-retro-hugo-awards%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-244"><a href="#cite_ref-244">^</a> Asimov (1980) "On Style", introduction to Who Done It? (anthology edited by Isaac Asimov and Alice Laurance), Houghton Mifflin Co. </li> <li id="cite_note-earlyyears142_145-245">^ <a href="#cite_ref-earlyyears142_145_245-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-earlyyears142_145_245-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1972" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/earlyasimovorele00asim#page/142/mode/2up">The Early Asimov; or, Eleven Years of Trying</a>. Garden City, NY: Doubleday. pp. 142–145.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Early+Asimov%3B+or%2C+Eleven+Years+of+Trying&rft.place=Garden+City%2C+NY&rft.pages=142-145&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1972&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fearlyasimovorele00asim%23page%2F142%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-fallows198207-246"><a href="#cite_ref-fallows198207_246-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFallows1982" class="citation magazine cs1">Fallows, James (July 1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1982/07/living-with-a-computer/306063/">"Living With a Computer"</a>. The Atlantic. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190328142145/https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1982/07/living-with-a-computer/306063/">Archived</a> from the original on March 28, 2019. Retrieved March 17, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=Living+With+a+Computer&rft.date=1982-07&rft.aulast=Fallows&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fmagazine%2Farchive%2F1982%2F07%2Fliving-with-a-computer%2F306063%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IASFM-Gunn-247"><a href="#cite_ref-IASFM-Gunn_247-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGunn1980" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Gunn_(author)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Gunn (author)">Gunn, James</a> (July 1980). "On Variations on a Robot". Isaac Asimov's Science Fiction Magazine: 56–81.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Isaac+Asimov%27s+Science+Fiction+Magazine&rft.atitle=On+Variations+on+a+Robot&rft.pages=56-81&rft.date=1980-07&rft.aulast=Gunn&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nemesis-Authour's_note-248"><a href="#cite_ref-Nemesis-Authour's_note_248-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1989" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (October 1989). <a href="/wiki/Nemesis_(Isaac_Asimov_novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nemesis (Isaac Asimov novel)">Nemesis</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/19628406">19628406</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nemesis&rft.date=1989-10&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F19628406&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-249"><a href="#cite_ref-249">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCowartWymer1981" class="citation book cs1">Cowart, David; Wymer, Thomas L. (1981). Dictionary of Literary Biography: Volume 8: Twentieth-Century American Science Fiction Writers. Detroit: Gale Research. pp. 15–29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Literary+Biography%3A+Volume+8%3A+Twentieth-Century+American+Science+Fiction+Writers&rft.place=Detroit&rft.pages=15-29&rft.pub=Gale+Research&rft.date=1981&rft.aulast=Cowart&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Wymer%2C+Thomas+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-250"><a href="#cite_ref-250">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGunn1982" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Gunn_(author)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Gunn (author)">Gunn, James</a> (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isaacasimovfound00gunn">Isaac Asimov: The Foundations of Science Fiction</a>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-503059-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-503059-1"><bdi>0-19-503059-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Isaac+Asimov%3A+The+Foundations+of+Science+Fiction&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=0-19-503059-1&rft.aulast=Gunn&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisaacasimovfound00gunn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-251"><a href="#cite_ref-251">^</a> Beyond the Golden Age, pp. 222–223. </li> <li id="cite_note-252"><a href="#cite_ref-252">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJenkins" class="citation web cs1">Jenkins, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asimovreviews.net/Books/Book121.html">"Review of The Gods Themselves"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120501110840/http://www.asimovreviews.net/Books/Book121.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 1, 2012. Retrieved September 4, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Review+of+The+Gods+Themselves&rft.aulast=Jenkins&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asimovreviews.net%2FBooks%2FBook121.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fantasticfiction.com/a/isaac-asimov/currents-of-space.htm">"The Currents of Space (Galactic Empire Trilogy, book 2) by Isaac Asimov"</a>. www.fantasticfiction.com. Retrieved December 29, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.fantasticfiction.com&rft.atitle=The+Currents+of+Space+%28Galactic+Empire+Trilogy%2C+book+2%29+by+Isaac+Asimov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fantasticfiction.com%2Fa%2Fisaac-asimov%2Fcurrents-of-space.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-254"><a href="#cite_ref-254">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1973" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (1973). The Early Asimov Volume 2. <a href="/wiki/St._Albans" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Albans">St. Albans</a>, Hertfordshire, UK: <a href="/wiki/Panther_Books" title="Panther Books">Panther Books</a>. pp. 33–34.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Early+Asimov+Volume+2&rft.place=St.+Albans%2C+Hertfordshire%2C+UK&rft.pages=33-34&rft.pub=Panther+Books&rft.date=1973&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-255"><a href="#cite_ref-255">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1994" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (1994). I, Asimov: A Memoir. New York: Doubleday. p. 250.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=I%2C+Asimov%3A+A+Memoir&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=250&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><a href="#cite_ref-256">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1995" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/goldfinalscience00asim/page/109">Gold</a>. New York: HarperPrism. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/goldfinalscience00asim/page/109">109–138</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-105206-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-105206-X"><bdi>0-06-105206-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gold&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=109-138&rft.pub=HarperPrism&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-06-105206-X&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgoldfinalscience00asim%2Fpage%2F109&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-eld-257"><a href="#cite_ref-eld_257-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavin2006" class="citation book cs1">Davin, Eric Leif (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZoNDebTvUnsC&pg=PA4">Partners in Wonder: Women and the Birth of Science Fiction, 1926-1965</a>. Lexington Books. pp. 3–4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7391-1267-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7391-1267-0"><bdi>978-0-7391-1267-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Partners+in+Wonder%3A+Women+and+the+Birth+of+Science+Fiction%2C+1926-1965&rft.pages=3-4&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7391-1267-0&rft.aulast=Davin&rft.aufirst=Eric+Leif&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZoNDebTvUnsC%26pg%3DPA4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1980" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (1980). In Joy Still Felt. p. 567.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Joy+Still+Felt&rft.pages=567&rft.date=1980&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-259"><a href="#cite_ref-259">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1969" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/nightfallotherst00asim#page/164/mode/2up">Nightfall, and other stories</a>. Doubleday. p. 165.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nightfall%2C+and+other+stories&rft.pages=165&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fnightfallotherst00asim%23page%2F164%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-260"><a href="#cite_ref-260">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1995" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (1995). I. Asimov: A Memoir. New York: Bantam. pp. 11–14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-553-56997-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-553-56997-X"><bdi>0-553-56997-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=I.+Asimov%3A+A+Memoir&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=11-14&rft.pub=Bantam&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-553-56997-X&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-261"><a href="#cite_ref-261">^</a> In Memory Yet Green, p. 121. </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a> Asimov, Isaac. In Memory Yet Green: The Autobiography of Isaac Asimov, 1920–1954. Doubleday, 1979. </li> <li id="cite_note-263"><a href="#cite_ref-263">^</a> "I make no secret of the fact that I am a non-observant Jew", Asimov, Isaac. Isaac Asimov's Science Fiction Magazine, Volume 15, Issues 10–13. p. 8. Davis Publishing, 1991. </li> <li id="cite_note-264"><a href="#cite_ref-264">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://secularhumanism.org/1982/04/an-interview-with-isaac-asimov-on-science-and-the-bible/">"Isaac Asimov on Science and the Bible"</a>. Free Inquiry. Spring 1982.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Free+Inquiry&rft.atitle=Isaac+Asimov+on+Science+and+the+Bible&rft.ssn=spring&rft.date=1982&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsecularhumanism.org%2F1982%2F04%2Fan-interview-with-isaac-asimov-on-science-and-the-bible%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_magazine" title="Template:Cite magazine">cite magazine</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date and year (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_date_and_year" title="Category:CS1 maint: date and year">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-265"><a href="#cite_ref-265">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051127124434/http://css.peak.org/newsletter/1997/aug97/asimov.html">"Isaac Asimov on religion"</a>. Corvallis Secular Society. 1997. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://css.peak.org/newsletter/1997/aug97/asimov.html">the original</a> on November 27, 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Isaac+Asimov+on+religion&rft.pub=Corvallis+Secular+Society&rft.date=1997&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcss.peak.org%2Fnewsletter%2F1997%2Faug97%2Fasimov.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-266"><a href="#cite_ref-266">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1995" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (1995). I. Asimov: A Memoir. New York: Bantam. p. 338. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-553-56997-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-553-56997-X"><bdi>0-553-56997-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=I.+Asimov%3A+A+Memoir&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=338&rft.pub=Bantam&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-553-56997-X&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-267"><a href="#cite_ref-267">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1995" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (1995). I. Asimov: A Memoir. New York: Bantam. pp. 336–338. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-553-56997-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-553-56997-X"><bdi>0-553-56997-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=I.+Asimov%3A+A+Memoir&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=336-338&rft.pub=Bantam&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-553-56997-X&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-268"><a href="#cite_ref-268">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1995" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (1995). Gold: The Final Science Fiction Collection. pp. 297–302.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gold%3A+The+Final+Science+Fiction+Collection&rft.pages=297-302&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-269"><a href="#cite_ref-269">^</a> Asimov, I. In Joy Still Felt (Avon, 1981), p. 503. </li> <li id="cite_note-joy-270"><a href="#cite_ref-joy_270-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1980" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/injoystillfelt00isaa/page/574">In Joy Still Felt: The Autobiography of Isaac Asimov, 1954–1978</a>. Garden City, NY: Doubleday. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/injoystillfelt00isaa/page/574">574</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-385-15544-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-385-15544-1"><bdi>0-385-15544-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Joy+Still+Felt%3A+The+Autobiography+of+Isaac+Asimov%2C+1954%E2%80%931978&rft.place=Garden+City%2C+NY&rft.pages=574&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0-385-15544-1&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finjoystillfelt00isaa%2Fpage%2F574&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-271"><a href="#cite_ref-271">^</a> Asimov, I. In Joy Still Felt (Doubleday, 1980) chapter 39. </li> <li id="cite_note-skelding20131107-272"><a href="#cite_ref-skelding20131107_272-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkelding2013" class="citation web cs1">Skelding, Conor (November 7, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.muckrock.com/news/archives/2013/nov/07/isaac-asimov-fbi-file-ROBPROF/">""Inimical to the best interests of the United States." Isaac Asimov's FBI File"</a>. MuckRock. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170102171808/https://www.muckrock.com/news/archives/2013/nov/07/isaac-asimov-fbi-file-ROBPROF/">Archived</a> from the original on January 2, 2017. Retrieved January 1, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MuckRock&rft.atitle=%22Inimical+to+the+best+interests+of+the+United+States.%22+Isaac+Asimov%27s+FBI+File&rft.date=2013-11-07&rft.aulast=Skelding&rft.aufirst=Conor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.muckrock.com%2Fnews%2Farchives%2F2013%2Fnov%2F07%2Fisaac-asimov-fbi-file-ROBPROF%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-273"><a href="#cite_ref-273">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac. In Memory Yet Green.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Memory+Yet+Green&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-YIA-275">^ <a href="#cite_ref-YIA_275-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-YIA_275-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-YIA_275-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-YIA_275-3">d</a> Asimov, Isaac (1996). Yours, Isaac Asimov, edited by Stanley Asimov. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-385-47624-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-385-47624-8">0-385-47624-8</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-276"><a href="#cite_ref-276">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/moyers/faithandreason/print/pdfs/woi%20asimov1.pdf">"Bill Moyer's World of Ideas, Part I"</a> (PDF). transcript page 6, 10/17/1988 show. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121104050458/http://www.pbs.org/moyers/faithandreason/print/pdfs/woi%20asimov1.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on November 4, 2012. Retrieved December 31, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=transcript+page+6%2C+10%2F17%2F1988+show&rft.atitle=Bill+Moyer%27s+World+of+Ideas%2C+Part+I&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fmoyers%2Ffaithandreason%2Fprint%2Fpdfs%2Fwoi%2520asimov1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-277"><a href="#cite_ref-277">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/moyers/faithandreason/print/pdfs/woi%20asimov2.pdf">"Bill Moyer's World of Ideas, Part II"</a> (PDF). transcript page 3, 10/17/1988 show. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210605005723/https://www-tc.pbs.org/moyers/faithandreason/print/pdfs/woi%20asimov2.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on June 5, 2021. Retrieved December 31, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=transcript+page+3%2C+10%2F17%2F1988+show&rft.atitle=Bill+Moyer%27s+World+of+Ideas%2C+Part+II&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fmoyers%2Ffaithandreason%2Fprint%2Fpdfs%2Fwoi%2520asimov2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-278"><a href="#cite_ref-278">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://billmoyers.com/content/isaac-asimov-part-two/">"Isaac Asimov on His Hopes for the Future (Part Two)"</a>. October 21, 1988 PBS broadcast Moyers and Company. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151006064139/http://billmoyers.com/content/isaac-asimov-part-two/">Archived</a> from the original on October 6, 2015. Retrieved October 5, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=October+21%2C+1988+PBS+broadcast+Moyers+and+Company&rft.atitle=Isaac+Asimov+on+His+Hopes+for+the+Future+%28Part+Two%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbillmoyers.com%2Fcontent%2Fisaac-asimov-part-two%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-279"><a href="#cite_ref-279">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bigthink.com/technology-innovation/isaac-asimov-future-predictions-from-1983?rebelltitem=3">"Space utilization"</a>. Big Think. December 27, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181230184215/https://bigthink.com/technology-innovation/isaac-asimov-future-predictions-from-1983?rebelltitem=3">Archived</a> from the original on December 30, 2018. Retrieved December 30, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Big+Think&rft.atitle=Space+utilization&rft.date=2018-12-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbigthink.com%2Ftechnology-innovation%2Fisaac-asimov-future-predictions-from-1983%3Frebelltitem%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-280"><a href="#cite_ref-280">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/news/world/2018/12/27/35-years-ago-isaac-asimov-was-asked-by-the-star-to-predict-the-world-of-2019-here-is-what-he-wrote.html">"35 years ago, Isaac Asimov was asked by the Star to predict the world of 2019. Here is what he wrote"</a>. The Toronto Star. December 27, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210226100507/https://www.thestar.com/news/world/2018/12/27/35-years-ago-isaac-asimov-was-asked-by-the-star-to-predict-the-world-of-2019-here-is-what-he-wrote.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 26, 2021. Retrieved March 14, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=35+years+ago%2C+Isaac+Asimov+was+asked+by+the+Star+to+predict+the+world+of+2019.+Here+is+what+he+wrote&rft.date=2018-12-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2F2018%2F12%2F27%2F35-years-ago-isaac-asimov-was-asked-by-the-star-to-predict-the-world-of-2019-here-is-what-he-wrote.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-281"><a href="#cite_ref-281">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee2018" class="citation book cs1">Lee, Alec (2018). Astounding: John W. Campbell, Isaac Asimov, Robert A. Heinlein, L. Ron Hubbard, and the Golden Age of science fiction. New York: Dey St., an imprint of William Morrow. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-257194-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-257194-6"><bdi>978-0-06-257194-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1030279844">1030279844</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Astounding%3A+John+W.+Campbell%2C+Isaac+Asimov%2C+Robert+A.+Heinlein%2C+L.+Ron+Hubbard%2C+and+the+Golden+Age+of+science+fiction&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Dey+St.%2C+an+imprint+of+William+Morrow&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1030279844&rft.isbn=978-0-06-257194-6&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Alec&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-282">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_282-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_282-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_282-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_282-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNevala-Lee2020" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alec_Nevala-Lee" title="Alec Nevala-Lee">Nevala-Lee, Alec</a> (January 7, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200109111535/https://www.publicbooks.org/asimovs-empire-asimovs-wall/">"Asimov's Empire, Asimov's Wall"</a>. Public Books. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.publicbooks.org/asimovs-empire-asimovs-wall/">the original</a> on January 9, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Public+Books&rft.atitle=Asimov%27s+Empire%2C+Asimov%27s+Wall&rft.date=2020-01-07&rft.aulast=Nevala-Lee&rft.aufirst=Alec&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.publicbooks.org%2Fasimovs-empire-asimovs-wall%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Davin_2006_p.-283"><a href="#cite_ref-Davin_2006_p._283-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavin2006" class="citation book cs1">Davin, Eric (2006). Partners in Wonder: Women and the Birth of Science Fiction, 1926–1965. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7391-1267-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7391-1267-0"><bdi>978-0-7391-1267-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1253442749">1253442749</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Partners+in+Wonder%3A+Women+and+the+Birth+of+Science+Fiction%2C+1926%E2%80%931965&rft.place=Lanham%2C+MD&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1253442749&rft.isbn=978-0-7391-1267-0&rft.aulast=Davin&rft.aufirst=Eric&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-284"><a href="#cite_ref-284">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimovPohl1991" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac; Pohl, Frederik (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ourangryearth0000asim">Our Angry Earth</a>. New York: Tor. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-312-85252-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-312-85252-5"><bdi>0-312-85252-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Our+Angry+Earth&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Tor&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-312-85252-5&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rft.au=Pohl%2C+Frederik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fourangryearth0000asim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-285"><a href="#cite_ref-285">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChow1991" class="citation magazine cs1">Chow, Dan (December 1991). "Review: Our Angry Earth". Locus. Oakland: Locus Publications.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Locus&rft.atitle=Review%3A+Our+Angry+Earth&rft.date=1991-12&rft.aulast=Chow&rft.aufirst=Dan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-286"><a href="#cite_ref-286">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoyersFlowers1989" class="citation book cs1">Moyers, Bill; Flowers, Betty Sue (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worldofideasconv00moye/page/6">A world of ideas : conversations with thoughtful men and women about American life today and the ideas shaping our future</a> (1st ed.). New York: Doubleday. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worldofideasconv00moye/page/6">6</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-385-26278-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-385-26278-7"><bdi>0-385-26278-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+world+of+ideas+%3A+conversations+with+thoughtful+men+and+women+about+American+life+today+and+the+ideas+shaping+our+future&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=6&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-385-26278-7&rft.aulast=Moyers&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft.au=Flowers%2C+Betty+Sue&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fworldofideasconv00moye%2Fpage%2F6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-asimov1976-287"><a href="#cite_ref-asimov1976_287-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1976" class="citation book cs1">Asimov, Isaac (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/moretalesofblack00asim#page/62/mode/2up">"Nothing Like Murder"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/moretalesofblack00asim/page/62">More Tales of the Black Widowers</a>. Doubleday. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/moretalesofblack00asim/page/62">62–76</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-385-11176-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-385-11176-2"><bdi>0-385-11176-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Nothing+Like+Murder&rft.btitle=More+Tales+of+the+Black+Widowers&rft.pages=62-76&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=0-385-11176-2&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fmoretalesofblack00asim%23page%2F62%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-288">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_288-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_288-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFCarpenter2023">Carpenter 2023</a>, No. 294 </li> <li id="cite_note-289"><a href="#cite_ref-289">^</a> I. Asimov: A Memoir, p. 246. </li> <li id="cite_note-290"><a href="#cite_ref-290">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov" class="citation web cs1">Asimov, Isaac. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newworker.org/ncptrory/1984.htm">"Review of 1984"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_Communist_Party_of_Britain" title="New Communist Party of Britain">New Communist Party of Britain</a>. Retrieved January 11, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Communist+Party+of+Britain&rft.atitle=Review+of+1984&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newworker.org%2Fncptrory%2F1984.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-291"><a href="#cite_ref-291">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.utopiasciencefiction.com/october-2023-archive">"Archive | October 2023"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archive+%26%23124%3B+October+2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.utopiasciencefiction.com%2Foctober-2023-archive&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-292"><a href="#cite_ref-292">^</a> I. Asimov: A Memoir (1995, Bantam Books), p. 379. </li> <li id="cite_note-293"><a href="#cite_ref-293">^</a> I. Asimov: A Memoir (1995, Bantam Books), p. 391. </li> <li id="cite_note-294"><a href="#cite_ref-294">^</a> Asimov (1979) In Memory Yet Green, p. 90. </li> <li id="cite_note-295"><a href="#cite_ref-295">^</a> Asimov, In Joy Still Felt (Avon, 1980), p. 369. </li> <li id="cite_note-296"><a href="#cite_ref-296">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrugman2010" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Krugman" title="Paul Krugman">Krugman, Paul</a> (August 30, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/08/30/who-are-you-calling-dense/">"The Conscience of a Liberal, 'Who Are You Calling Dense?'"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100908221559/http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/08/30/who-are-you-calling-dense/">Archived</a> from the original on September 8, 2010. Retrieved November 18, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Conscience+of+a+Liberal%2C+%27Who+Are+You+Calling+Dense%3F%27&rft.date=2010-08-30&rft.aulast=Krugman&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkrugman.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F08%2F30%2Fwho-are-you-calling-dense%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-297"><a href="#cite_ref-297">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJenkins" class="citation web cs1">Jenkins, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asimovreviews.net/NonAsimov/White.html">"Review of an Asimov biography, 'The Unauthorized Life'"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120507075220/http://www.asimovreviews.net/NonAsimov/White.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 7, 2012. Retrieved September 4, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Review+of+an+Asimov+biography%2C+%27The+Unauthorized+Life%27&rft.aulast=Jenkins&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asimovreviews.net%2FNonAsimov%2FWhite.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-298"><a href="#cite_ref-298">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNissani1997" class="citation journal cs1">Nissani, M. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://drnissani.net/mnissani/pagepub/10CHEERS.HTM">"Ten Cheers for Interdisciplinarity: The Case for Interdisciplinary Knowledge and Research"</a>. 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EW.com. September 24, 2021. Retrieved October 1, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EW.com&rft.atitle=%27Foundation%27+is+an+ambitious%2C+uneven+adaptation+of+a+sci-fi+classic&rft.date=2021-09-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Few.com%2Ftv%2Ftv-reviews%2Ffoundation-apple-tv%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_and_cited_sources">General and cited sources</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Asimov&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: General and cited sources">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Asimov, Isaac. Isaac Asimov's Treasury of Humor (1971), Boston: <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin" class="mw-redirect" title="Houghton Mifflin">Houghton Mifflin</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-395-57226-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-395-57226-6">0-395-57226-6</a>.</li></ul> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/In_Memory_Yet_Green" class="mw-redirect" title="In Memory Yet Green">In Memory Yet Green</a> (1979), New York: Avon, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-380-75432-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-380-75432-0">0-380-75432-0</a>.</dd> <dd>In Joy Still Felt (1980), New York: Avon <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-380-53025-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-380-53025-2">0-380-53025-2</a>.</dd> <dd>I. Asimov: A Memoir (1994), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-385-41701-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-385-41701-2">0-385-41701-2</a> (hc), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-553-56997-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-553-56997-X">0-553-56997-X</a> (pb).</dd> <dd>Yours, Isaac Asimov (1996), edited by Stanley Asimov. New York: Doubleday <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-385-47624-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-385-47624-8">0-385-47624-8</a>.</dd> <dd>It's Been a Good Life (2002), edited by Janet Asimov. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57392-968-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-57392-968-9">1-57392-968-9</a>.</dd></dl> <ul><li>Goldman, Stephen H., "Isaac Asimov", in Dictionary of Literary Biography, Vol. 8, Cowart and Wymer eds. (Gale Research, 1981), pp. 15–29.</li> <li>Gunn, James. "On Variations on a Robot", <a href="/wiki/Asimov%27s_Science_Fiction" title="Asimov's Science Fiction">IASFM</a>, July 1980, pp. 56–81.</li></ul> <dl><dd>Isaac Asimov: The Foundations of Science Fiction (1982). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-503060-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-503060-5">0-19-503060-5</a>.</dd> <dd>The Science of Science-Fiction Writing (2000). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57886-011-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-57886-011-3">1-57886-011-3</a>.</dd></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhite2005" class="citation book cs1">White, Michael (2005). Isaac Asimov: A Life of the Grand Master of Science Fiction. Carroll & Graf Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7867-1518-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7867-1518-9"><bdi>0-7867-1518-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Isaac+Asimov%3A+A+Life+of+the+Grand+Master+of+Science+Fiction&rft.pub=Carroll+%26+Graf+Publishers&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-7867-1518-9&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarpenter2023" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Carpenter" title="Humphrey Carpenter">Carpenter, Humphrey</a>, ed. (2023) [1981]. <a href="/wiki/The_Letters_of_J._R._R._Tolkien" title="The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien">The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien</a>: Revised and Expanded Edition. New York: <a href="/wiki/Harper_Collins" class="mw-redirect" title="Harper Collins">Harper Collins</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-35-865298-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-35-865298-4"><bdi>978-0-35-865298-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Letters+of+J.+R.+R.+Tolkien%3A+Revised+and+Expanded+Edition&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Harper+Collins&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-0-35-865298-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Asimov&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Booker, M. Keith, ed. (2017). Critical Insights: Isaac Asimov. Ipswich, MA: Salem Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-682-17254-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-682-17254-4"><bdi>978-1-682-17254-4</bdi></a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/EBSCOhost_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="EBSCOhost (identifier)">EBSCOhost</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=lkh&AN=127554158">127554158</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Critical+Insights%3A+Isaac+Asimov&rft.place=Ipswich%2C+MA&rft.pub=Salem+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-682-17254-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Clute" title="John Clute">Clute, John</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/companiontoscien0000unse/page/364/mode/2up">"Isaac Asimov"</a>. In Seed, David (ed.). A Companion to Science Fiction. Wiley-Blackwell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-1218-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-1218-5"><bdi>978-1-4051-1218-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Isaac+Asimov&rft.btitle=A+Companion+to+Science+Fiction&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-1218-5&rft.aulast=Clute&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcompaniontoscien0000unse%2Fpage%2F364%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Fiedler, Jean; Mele, Jim (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isaacasimov00fied">Isaac Asimov</a>. New York: Ungar. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8044-2203-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8044-2203-6"><bdi>0-8044-2203-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Isaac+Asimov&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Ungar&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=0-8044-2203-6&rft.aulast=Fiedler&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft.au=Mele%2C+Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisaacasimov00fied&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation thesis cs1">Käkelä, Jari (2016). The Cowboy Politics of an Enlightened Future: History, Expansionism, and Guardianship in Isaac Asimov's Science Fiction (PhD thesis). Helsinki: University of Helsinki. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10138%2F166004">10138/166004</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-951-51-2404-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-951-51-2404-3"><bdi>978-951-51-2404-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=The+Cowboy+Politics+of+an+Enlightened+Future%3A+History%2C+Expansionism%2C+and+Guardianship+in+Isaac+Asimov%27s+Science+Fiction&rft.degree=PhD&rft.inst=University+of+Helsinki&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10138%2F166004&rft.isbn=978-951-51-2404-3&rft.aulast=K%C3%A4kel%C3%A4&rft.aufirst=Jari&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Olander, Joseph D.; <a href="/wiki/Martin_H._Greenberg" title="Martin H. Greenberg">Greenberg, Martin H.</a>, eds. (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isaacasimov00pret">Isaac Asimov</a>. Taplinger Publishing Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8008-4257-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8008-4257-4"><bdi>978-0-8008-4257-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Isaac+Asimov&rft.pub=Taplinger+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=978-0-8008-4257-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisaacasimov00pret&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Patrouch, Joseph F. (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sciencefictionof00patr">The Science Fiction of Isaac Asimov</a>. New York: Doubleday. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-385-08696-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-385-08696-7"><bdi>978-0-385-08696-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Science+Fiction+of+Isaac+Asimov&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=978-0-385-08696-7&rft.aulast=Patrouch&rft.aufirst=Joseph+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsciencefictionof00patr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Touponce, William F. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isaacasimov00will">Isaac Asimov</a>. Boston: Twayne Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8057-7623-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8057-7623-0"><bdi>0-8057-7623-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Isaac+Asimov&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Twayne+Publishers&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-8057-7623-0&rft.aulast=Touponce&rft.aufirst=William+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisaacasimov00will&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">White, Michael (1994). Asimov: The Unauthorized Life. Harmondsworth: Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-004130-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-004130-3"><bdi>0-14-004130-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Asimov%3A+The+Unauthorized+Life&rft.place=Harmondsworth&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-14-004130-3&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Asimov" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Asimov&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Isaac Asimov at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" class="extiw" title="c:Isaac Asimov">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" class="extiw" title="q:Isaac Asimov">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Isaac_Asimov" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Isaac Asimov">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34981" class="extiw" title="d:Q34981">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asimovonline.com/">Asimov Online</a>, a vast repository of information about Asimov, maintained by Asimov enthusiast Edward Seiler</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/ea.cgi?5">Isaac Asimov</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Speculative_Fiction_Database" title="Internet Speculative Fiction Database">Internet Speculative Fiction Database</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/http://www.iblist.com/author80.htm">Isaac Asimov</a> at the Internet Book List</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/authors/OL34221A">Works by Isaac Asimov</a> at <a href="/wiki/Open_Library" title="Open Library">Open Library</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34981#P648" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/35316">Works by Isaac Asimov</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Asimov%2C%20Isaac%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Isaac%20Asimov%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Asimov%2C%20Isaac%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Isaac%20Asimov%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Asimov%2C%20I%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Isaac%20Asimov%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Asimov%2C%20Isaac%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Isaac%20Asimov%22%29%20OR%20%28%221920-1992%22%20AND%20Asimov%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Isaac Asimov</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/656">Works by Isaac Asimov</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0001920/">Isaac Asimov</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asimovreviews.net/">Jenkins' Spoiler-Laden Guide to Isaac Asimov</a>, reviews of all of Asimov's books</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Novels_by_Isaac_Asimov" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Isaac_Asimov_novels" title="Template:Isaac Asimov novels"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Isaac_Asimov_novels" title="Template talk:Isaac Asimov novels"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Isaac_Asimov_novels" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Isaac Asimov novels"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Novels_by_Isaac_Asimov" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Novels by <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Isaac Asimov</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Foundation_universe" title="Foundation universe">Foundation universe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Robot_series" title="Robot series">Robot series</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Positronic_Man" title="The Positronic Man">The Positronic Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Caves_of_Steel" title="The Caves of Steel">The Caves of Steel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Naked_Sun" title="The Naked Sun">The Naked Sun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Robots_of_Dawn" title="The Robots of Dawn">The Robots of Dawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robots_and_Empire" title="Robots and Empire">Robots and Empire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Galactic_Empire_series" title="Galactic Empire series">Galactic Empire series</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Stars,_Like_Dust" title="The Stars, Like Dust">The Stars, Like Dust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Currents_of_Space" title="The Currents of Space">The Currents of Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pebble_in_the_Sky" title="Pebble in the Sky">Pebble in the Sky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Foundation_(book_series)" title="Foundation (book series)">Foundation series</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_(Asimov_novel)" title="Foundation (Asimov novel)">Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_and_Empire" title="Foundation and Empire">Foundation and Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Foundation" title="Second Foundation">Second Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation%27s_Edge" title="Foundation's Edge">Foundation's Edge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_and_Earth" title="Foundation and Earth">Foundation and Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prelude_to_Foundation" title="Prelude to Foundation">Prelude to Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forward_the_Foundation" title="Forward the Foundation">Forward the Foundation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lucky_Starr_series" title="Lucky Starr series">Lucky Starr series</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Starr,_Space_Ranger" title="David Starr, Space Ranger">David Starr, Space Ranger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucky_Starr_and_the_Pirates_of_the_Asteroids" title="Lucky Starr and the Pirates of the Asteroids">Lucky Starr and the Pirates of the Asteroids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucky_Starr_and_the_Oceans_of_Venus" title="Lucky Starr and the Oceans of Venus">Lucky Starr and the Oceans of Venus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucky_Starr_and_the_Big_Sun_of_Mercury" title="Lucky Starr and the Big Sun of Mercury">Lucky Starr and the Big Sun of Mercury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucky_Starr_and_the_Moons_of_Jupiter" title="Lucky Starr and the Moons of Jupiter">Lucky Starr and the Moons of Jupiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucky_Starr_and_the_Rings_of_Saturn" title="Lucky Starr and the Rings of Saturn">Lucky Starr and the Rings of Saturn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Norby" title="Norby">The Norby Chronicles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norby,_the_Mixed-Up_Robot" title="Norby, the Mixed-Up Robot">Norby, the Mixed-Up Robot</a></li> <li>Norby's Other Secret</li> <li>Norby and the Lost Princess</li> <li>Norby and the Invaders</li> <li>Norby and the Queen's Necklace</li> <li>Norby Finds a Villain</li> <li>Norby Down to Earth</li> <li>Norby and Yobo's Great Adventure</li> <li>Norby and the Oldest Dragon</li> <li>Norby and the Court Jester</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other science fiction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_End_of_Eternity" title="The End of Eternity">The End of Eternity</a></li> <li>Fantastic Voyage</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gods_Themselves" title="The Gods Themselves">The Gods Themselves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_Voyage_II:_Destination_Brain" title="Fantastic Voyage II: Destination Brain">Fantastic Voyage II: Destination Brain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemesis_(Asimov_novel)" title="Nemesis (Asimov novel)">Nemesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightfall_(Asimov_novelette_and_novel)" title="Nightfall (Asimov novelette and novel)">Nightfall</a></li> <li>Child of Time</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other mystery</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Death_Dealers" title="The Death Dealers">The Death Dealers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_at_the_ABA" title="Murder at the ABA">Murder at the ABA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Short-story_collections_by_Isaac_Asimov" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asimov_short-story_collections" title="Template:Asimov short-story collections"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asimov_short-story_collections" title="Template talk:Asimov short-story collections"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asimov_short-story_collections" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asimov short-story collections"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Short-story_collections_by_Isaac_Asimov" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Short-story collections by <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Isaac Asimov</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/I,_Robot" title="I, Robot">I, Robot</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Martian_Way_and_Other_Stories" title="The Martian Way and Other Stories">The Martian Way and Other Stories</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_Is_Room_Enough" title="Earth Is Room Enough">Earth Is Room Enough</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_Tomorrows" title="Nine Tomorrows">Nine Tomorrows</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Rest_of_the_Robots" title="The Rest of the Robots">The Rest of the Robots</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Through_a_Glass,_Clearly" title="Through a Glass, Clearly">Through a Glass, Clearly</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asimov%27s_Mysteries" title="Asimov's Mysteries">Asimov's Mysteries</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightfall_and_Other_Stories" title="Nightfall and Other Stories">Nightfall and Other Stories</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Early_Asimov" title="The Early Asimov">The Early Asimov</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Best_of_Isaac_Asimov" title="The Best of Isaac Asimov">The Best of Isaac Asimov</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tales_of_the_Black_Widowers" title="Tales of the Black Widowers">Tales of the Black Widowers</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buy_Jupiter_and_Other_Stories" title="Buy Jupiter and Other Stories">Buy Jupiter and Other Stories</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bicentennial_Man_and_Other_Stories" title="The Bicentennial Man and Other Stories">The Bicentennial Man and Other Stories</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/More_Tales_of_the_Black_Widowers" title="More Tales of the Black Widowers">More Tales of the Black Widowers</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Key_Word_and_Other_Mysteries" title="The Key Word and Other Mysteries">The Key Word and Other Mysteries</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casebook_of_the_Black_Widowers" title="Casebook of the Black Widowers">Casebook of the Black Widowers</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Complete_Robot" title="The Complete Robot">The Complete Robot</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Winds_of_Change_and_Other_Stories" title="The Winds of Change and Other Stories">The Winds of Change and Other Stories</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Union_Club_Mysteries" title="The Union Club Mysteries">The Union Club Mysteries</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banquets_of_the_Black_Widowers" title="Banquets of the Black Widowers">Banquets of the Black Widowers</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Disappearing_Man_and_Other_Mysteries" title="The Disappearing Man and Other Mysteries">The Disappearing Man and Other Mysteries</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Edge_of_Tomorrow_(Asimov_book)" title="The Edge of Tomorrow (Asimov book)">The Edge of Tomorrow</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Alternate_Asimovs" title="The Alternate Asimovs">The Alternate Asimovs</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Best_Mysteries_of_Isaac_Asimov" title="The Best Mysteries of Isaac Asimov">The Best Mysteries of Isaac Asimov</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Best_Science_Fiction_of_Isaac_Asimov" title="The Best Science Fiction of Isaac Asimov">The Best Science Fiction of Isaac Asimov</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_Fiction_by_Asimov" title="Science Fiction by Asimov">Science Fiction by Asimov</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robot_Dreams" title="Robot Dreams">Robot Dreams</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azazel_(Asimov)" title="Azazel (Asimov)">Azazel</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Asimov_Chronicles:_Fifty_Years_of_Isaac_Asimov" title="The Asimov Chronicles: Fifty Years of Isaac Asimov">The Asimov Chronicles</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puzzles_of_the_Black_Widowers" title="Puzzles of the Black Widowers">Puzzles of the Black Widowers</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robot_Visions" title="Robot Visions">Robot Visions</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Complete_Stories_(Asimov)" title="The Complete Stories (Asimov)">The Complete Stories, Volume 1</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Complete_Stories_(Asimov)" title="The Complete Stories (Asimov)">The Complete Stories, Volume 2</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_(Asimov_book)" title="Gold (Asimov book)">Gold</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_(short_story_collection)" title="Magic (short story collection)">Magic</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_the_Black_Widowers" title="The Return of the Black Widowers">The Return of the Black Widowers</a> (2003)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov_short_stories_bibliography" title="Isaac Asimov short stories bibliography">List of short stories by Isaac Asimov</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mystery_collections_by_Isaac_Asimov" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asimov_mystery_collections" title="Template:Asimov mystery collections"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asimov_mystery_collections" title="Template talk:Asimov mystery collections"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asimov_mystery_collections" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asimov mystery collections"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mystery_collections_by_Isaac_Asimov" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Mystery_short_story_collections_by_Isaac_Asimov" title="Category:Mystery short story collections by Isaac Asimov">Mystery collections</a> by <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Isaac Asimov</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Black_Widowers" title="Black Widowers">Black Widowers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tales_of_the_Black_Widowers" title="Tales of the Black Widowers">Tales of the Black Widowers</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/More_Tales_of_the_Black_Widowers" title="More Tales of the Black Widowers">More Tales of the Black Widowers</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casebook_of_the_Black_Widowers" title="Casebook of the Black Widowers">Casebook of the Black Widowers</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banquets_of_the_Black_Widowers" title="Banquets of the Black Widowers">Banquets of the Black Widowers</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puzzles_of_the_Black_Widowers" title="Puzzles of the Black Widowers">Puzzles of the Black Widowers</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_the_Black_Widowers" title="The Return of the Black Widowers">The Return of the Black Widowers</a> (2003)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Larry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Key_Word_and_Other_Mysteries" title="The Key Word and Other Mysteries">The Key Word and Other Mysteries</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Disappearing_Man_and_Other_Mysteries" title="The Disappearing Man and Other Mysteries">The Disappearing Man and Other Mysteries</a> (1985)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other mysteries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asimov%27s_Mysteries" title="Asimov's Mysteries">Asimov's Mysteries</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Union_Club_Mysteries" title="The Union Club Mysteries">The Union Club Mysteries</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Best_Mysteries_of_Isaac_Asimov" title="The Best Mysteries of Isaac Asimov">The Best Mysteries of Isaac Asimov</a> (1986)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov_short_stories_bibliography" title="Isaac Asimov short stories bibliography">List of short stories by Isaac Asimov</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Essay_collections_by_Isaac_Asimov" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asimov_essay_collections" title="Template:Asimov essay collections"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Asimov_essay_collections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Asimov essay collections (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asimov_essay_collections" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asimov essay collections"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Essay_collections_by_Isaac_Asimov" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Essay collections by <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Isaac Asimov</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Collections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Only_a_Trillion" title="Only a Trillion">Only a Trillion</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fact_and_Fancy" title="Fact and Fancy">Fact and Fancy</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/View_from_a_Height" title="View from a Height">View from a Height</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adding_a_Dimension" title="Adding a Dimension">Adding a Dimension</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Of_Time_and_Space_and_Other_Things" title="Of Time and Space and Other Things">Of Time and Space and Other Things</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/From_Earth_to_Heaven" title="From Earth to Heaven">From Earth to Heaven</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science,_Numbers,_and_I" title="Science, Numbers, and I">Science, Numbers, and I</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Solar_System_and_Back" title="The Solar System and Back">The Solar System and Back</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Stars_in_Their_Courses" title="The Stars in Their Courses">The Stars in Their Courses</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Left_Hand_of_the_Electron" title="The Left Hand of the Electron">The Left Hand of the Electron</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Tragedy_of_the_Moon" title="The Tragedy of the Moon">The Tragedy of the Moon</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Of_Matters_Great_and_Small" title="Of Matters Great and Small">Of Matters Great and Small</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Planet_That_Wasn%27t" title="The Planet That Wasn't">The Planet That Wasn't</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quasar,_Quasar,_Burning_Bright" title="Quasar, Quasar, Burning Bright">Quasar, Quasar, Burning Bright</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Road_to_Infinity" title="The Road to Infinity">The Road to Infinity</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asimov_on_Science_Fiction" title="Asimov on Science Fiction">Asimov on Science Fiction</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sun_Shines_Bright_(book)" title="The Sun Shines Bright (book)">The Sun Shines Bright</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counting_the_Eons" title="Counting the Eons">Counting the Eons</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/X_Stands_for_Unknown" title="X Stands for Unknown">'X' Stands for Unknown</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Subatomic_Monster" title="The Subatomic Monster">The Subatomic Monster</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_as_Human_Eye_Could_See" title="Far as Human Eye Could See">Far as Human Eye Could See</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Relativity_of_Wrong" title="The Relativity of Wrong">The Relativity of Wrong</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Out_of_the_Everywhere" title="Out of the Everywhere">Out of the Everywhere</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robot_Visions" title="Robot Visions">Robot Visions</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Secret_of_the_Universe" title="The Secret of the Universe">The Secret of the Universe</a> (1991)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Magazine_of_Fantasy_%26_Science_Fiction" title="The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction">The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Isaac_Asimov&#039;s_Robot_series" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Robot_series" title="Template:Robot series"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Robot_series" title="Template talk:Robot series"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Robot_series" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Robot series"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Isaac_Asimov&#039;s_Robot_series" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Isaac Asimov</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Robot_series" title="Robot series">Robot series</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Writings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Positronic_Man" title="The Positronic Man">The Positronic Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Caves_of_Steel" title="The Caves of Steel">The Caves of Steel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Naked_Sun" title="The Naked Sun">The Naked Sun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Robots_of_Dawn" title="The Robots of Dawn">The Robots of Dawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robots_and_Empire" title="Robots and Empire">Robots and Empire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Short story collections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/I,_Robot" title="I, Robot">I, Robot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Rest_of_the_Robots" title="The Rest of the Robots">The Rest of the Robots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Complete_Robot" title="The Complete Robot">The Complete Robot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robot_Dreams" title="Robot Dreams">Robot Dreams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robot_Visions" title="Robot Visions">Robot Visions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_(Asimov)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold (Asimov)">Gold</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Second Robot series (by <a href="/wiki/Roger_MacBride_Allen" title="Roger MacBride Allen">Roger MacBride Allen</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov%27s_Caliban" class="mw-redirect" title="Isaac Asimov's Caliban">Isaac Asimov's Caliban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov%27s_Inferno" class="mw-redirect" title="Isaac Asimov's Inferno">Isaac Asimov's Inferno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov%27s_Utopia" title="Isaac Asimov's Utopia">Isaac Asimov's Utopia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Third Robot series (by <a href="/wiki/Mark_W._Tiedemann" title="Mark W. Tiedemann">Mark W. Tiedemann</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Mirage</li> <li>Chimera</li> <li>Aurora</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov%27s_Robots_in_Time" title="Isaac Asimov's Robots in Time">Robots in Time series</a> (by <a href="/wiki/William_F._Wu" title="William F. Wu">William F. Wu</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Predator</li> <li>Marauder</li> <li>Warrior</li> <li>Dictator</li> <li>Emperor</li> <li>Invader</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Robot City series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov%27s_Robot_City:_Odyssey" title="Isaac Asimov's Robot City: Odyssey">Odyssey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov%27s_Robot_City:_Suspicion" title="Isaac Asimov's Robot City: Suspicion">Suspicion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov%27s_Robot_City:_Cyborg" title="Isaac Asimov's Robot City: Cyborg">Cyborg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov%27s_Robot_City:_Prodigy" class="mw-redirect" title="Isaac Asimov's Robot City: Prodigy">Prodigy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov%27s_Robot_City:_Refuge" title="Isaac Asimov's Robot City: Refuge">Refuge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov%27s_Robot_City:_Perihelion" title="Isaac Asimov's Robot City: Perihelion">Perihelion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov%27s_Robots_and_Aliens" title="Isaac Asimov's Robots and Aliens">Robots and Aliens series</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Changeling</li> <li>Renegade</li> <li>Intruder</li> <li>Alliance</li> <li>Maverick</li> <li>Humanity</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Susan Calvin prequel series (by <a href="/wiki/Mickey_Zucker_Reichert" title="Mickey Zucker Reichert">Mickey Zucker Reichert</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>I Robot: To Protect</li> <li>I Robot: To Obey</li> <li>I Robot: To Preserve</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Universe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Positronic_brain" title="Positronic brain">Positronic brain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robopsychology" title="Robopsychology">Robopsychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein_complex" title="Frankenstein complex">Frankenstein complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multivac" title="Multivac">Multivac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Laws_of_Robotics" title="Three Laws of Robotics">Three Laws of Robotics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Robot_series_characters" title="List of Robot series characters">Characters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Calvin" title="Susan Calvin">Susan Calvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_Baley" title="Elijah Baley">Elijah Baley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._Daneel_Olivaw" title="R. Daneel Olivaw">R. Daneel Olivaw</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adaptations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Movies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robots_(1988_film)" title="Robots (1988 film)">Robots</a> (1988 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicentennial_Man_(film)" title="Bicentennial Man (film)">Bicentennial Man</a> (1999 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/I,_Robot_(film)" title="I, Robot (film)">I, Robot</a> (2004 film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TV series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_(TV_series)" title="Foundation (TV series)">Foundation</a> (2021–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Followed by: <a href="/wiki/Galactic_Empire_series" title="Galactic Empire series">The Empire series</a> and <a href="/wiki/Foundation_(book_series)" title="Foundation (book series)">The Foundation series</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Isaac_Asimov&#039;s_Foundation_series" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Foundation_series" title="Template:Foundation series"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Foundation_series" title="Template talk:Foundation series"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Foundation_series" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Foundation series"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Isaac_Asimov&#039;s_Foundation_series" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Isaac Asimov</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Foundation_(book_series)" title="Foundation (book series)">Foundation series</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.2em;">Asimov writings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_(Asimov_novel)" title="Foundation (Asimov novel)">Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_and_Empire" title="Foundation and Empire">Foundation and Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Foundation" title="Second Foundation">Second Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation%27s_Edge" title="Foundation's Edge">Foundation's Edge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_and_Earth" title="Foundation and Earth">Foundation and Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prelude_to_Foundation" title="Prelude to Foundation">Prelude to Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forward_the_Foundation" title="Forward the Foundation">Forward the Foundation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.2em;">Others' writings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foundation%27s_Fear" title="Foundation's Fear">Foundation's Fear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_and_Chaos" title="Foundation and Chaos">Foundation and Chaos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation%27s_Triumph" title="Foundation's Triumph">Foundation's Triumph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation%27s_Friends" title="Foundation's Friends">Foundation's Friends</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychohistorical_Crisis" title="Psychohistorical Crisis">Psychohistorical Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Originist" title="The Originist">The Originist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.2em;">Other media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Foundation_Trilogy_(radio_series)" title="The Foundation Trilogy (radio series)">Radio programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_(TV_series)" title="Foundation (TV series)">TV series</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Foundation_universe" title="Foundation universe">Foundation universe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Foundation_series_characters" title="List of Foundation series characters">Characters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cleon_(Foundation)" title="Cleon (Foundation)">Cleon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demerzel" title="Demerzel">Demerzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaal_Dornick" title="Gaal Dornick">Gaal Dornick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvor_Hardin" title="Salvor Hardin">Salvor Hardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hober_Mallow" title="Hober Mallow">Hober Mallow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mule_(Foundation)" title="The Mule (Foundation)">The Mule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._Daneel_Olivaw" title="R. Daneel Olivaw">R. Daneel Olivaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bel_Riose" title="Bel Riose">Bel Riose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hari_Seldon" title="Hari Seldon">Hari Seldon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Galactica" title="Encyclopedia Galactica">Encyclopedia Galactica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychohistory_(fictional_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychohistory (fictional science)">Psychohistory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Preceded by: <a href="/wiki/Robot_series" title="Robot series">The Robot series</a> and <a href="/wiki/Galactic_Empire_series" title="Galactic Empire series">The Empire series</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hugo_Award_for_Best_Novel" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hugo_Award_Best_Novel" title="Template:Hugo Award Best Novel"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hugo_Award_Best_Novel" title="Template talk:Hugo Award Best Novel"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hugo_Award_Best_Novel" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hugo Award Best Novel"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hugo_Award_for_Best_Novel" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award" title="Hugo Award">Hugo Award</a> for <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award_for_Best_Novel" title="Hugo Award for Best Novel">Best Novel</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Retro</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Sword_in_the_Stone_(novel)" title="The Sword in the Stone (novel)">The Sword in the Stone</a> by <a href="/wiki/T._H._White" title="T. H. White">T. H. White</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slan" title="Slan">Slan</a> by <a href="/wiki/A._E._van_Vogt" title="A. E. van Vogt">A. E. van Vogt</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beyond_This_Horizon" title="Beyond This Horizon">Beyond This Horizon</a> by <a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Heinlein" title="Robert A. Heinlein">Anson MacDonald</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conjure_Wife" title="Conjure Wife">Conjure Wife</a> by <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Leiber" title="Fritz Leiber">Fritz Leiber</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Over_Mars" title="Shadow Over Mars">Shadow Over Mars</a> by <a href="/wiki/Leigh_Brackett" title="Leigh Brackett">Leigh Brackett</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_and_Empire" title="Foundation and Empire">The Mule</a> by <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Isaac Asimov</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmer_in_the_Sky" title="Farmer in the Sky">Farmer in the Sky</a> by <a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Heinlein" title="Robert A. Heinlein">Robert A. Heinlein</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit_451" title="Fahrenheit 451">Fahrenheit 451</a> by <a href="/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury">Ray Bradbury</a> (1954)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Demolished_Man" title="The Demolished Man">The Demolished Man</a> by <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Bester" title="Alfred Bester">Alfred Bester</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/They%27d_Rather_Be_Right" title="They'd Rather Be Right">They'd Rather Be Right</a> (aka: The Forever Machine) by <a href="/wiki/Mark_Clifton" title="Mark Clifton">Mark Clifton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frank_Riley_(author)" title="Frank Riley (author)">Frank Riley</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_Star" title="Double Star">Double Star</a> by <a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Heinlein" title="Robert A. Heinlein">Robert A. Heinlein</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Big_Time_(novel)" title="The Big Time (novel)">The Big Time</a> by <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Leiber" title="Fritz Leiber">Fritz Leiber</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Case_of_Conscience" title="A Case of Conscience">A Case of Conscience</a> by <a href="/wiki/James_Blish" title="James Blish">James Blish</a> (1959)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Starship_Troopers" title="Starship Troopers">Starship Troopers</a> by <a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Heinlein" title="Robert A. Heinlein">Robert A. Heinlein</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Canticle_for_Leibowitz" title="A Canticle for Leibowitz">A Canticle for Leibowitz</a> by <a href="/wiki/Walter_M._Miller,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Walter M. Miller, Jr.">Walter M. Miller, Jr.</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stranger_in_a_Strange_Land" title="Stranger in a Strange Land">Stranger in a Strange Land</a> by <a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Heinlein" title="Robert A. Heinlein">Robert A. Heinlein</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Man_in_the_High_Castle" title="The Man in the High Castle">The Man in the High Castle</a> by <a href="/wiki/Philip_K._Dick" title="Philip K. Dick">Philip K. Dick</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Way_Station_(novel)" title="Way Station (novel)">Here Gather the Stars</a> (aka: Way Station) by <a href="/wiki/Clifford_D._Simak" title="Clifford D. Simak">Clifford D. Simak</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Wanderer_(Leiber_novel)" title="The Wanderer (Leiber novel)">The Wanderer</a> by <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Leiber" title="Fritz Leiber">Fritz Leiber</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dune_(novel)" title="Dune (novel)">Dune</a> by <a href="/wiki/Frank_Herbert" title="Frank Herbert">Frank Herbert</a> / <a href="/wiki/This_Immortal" title="This Immortal">...And Call Me Conrad</a> (aka: This Immortal) by <a href="/wiki/Roger_Zelazny" title="Roger Zelazny">Roger Zelazny</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Moon_Is_a_Harsh_Mistress" title="The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress">The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress</a> by <a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Heinlein" title="Robert A. Heinlein">Robert A. Heinlein</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_of_Light" title="Lord of Light">Lord of Light</a> by <a href="/wiki/Roger_Zelazny" title="Roger Zelazny">Roger Zelazny</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stand_on_Zanzibar" title="Stand on Zanzibar">Stand on Zanzibar</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_Brunner_(author)" title="John Brunner (author)">John Brunner</a> (1969)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Left_Hand_of_Darkness" title="The Left Hand of Darkness">The Left Hand of Darkness</a> by <a href="/wiki/Ursula_K._Le_Guin" title="Ursula K. Le Guin">Ursula K. Le Guin</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringworld" title="Ringworld">Ringworld</a> by <a href="/wiki/Larry_Niven" title="Larry Niven">Larry Niven</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/To_Your_Scattered_Bodies_Go" title="To Your Scattered Bodies Go">To Your Scattered Bodies Go</a> by <a href="/wiki/Philip_Jos%C3%A9_Farmer" title="Philip José Farmer">Philip José Farmer</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gods_Themselves" title="The Gods Themselves">The Gods Themselves</a> by <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Isaac Asimov</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rendezvous_with_Rama" title="Rendezvous with Rama">Rendezvous with Rama</a> by <a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Clarke" title="Arthur C. Clarke">Arthur C. Clarke</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dispossessed" title="The Dispossessed">The Dispossessed</a> by <a href="/wiki/Ursula_K._Le_Guin" title="Ursula K. Le Guin">Ursula K. Le Guin</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Forever_War" title="The Forever War">The Forever War</a> by <a href="/wiki/Joe_Haldeman" title="Joe Haldeman">Joe Haldeman</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Where_Late_the_Sweet_Birds_Sang" title="Where Late the Sweet Birds Sang">Where Late the Sweet Birds Sang</a> by <a href="/wiki/Kate_Wilhelm" title="Kate Wilhelm">Kate Wilhelm</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gateway_(novel)" title="Gateway (novel)">Gateway</a> by <a href="/wiki/Frederik_Pohl" title="Frederik Pohl">Frederik Pohl</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreamsnake" title="Dreamsnake">Dreamsnake</a> by <a href="/wiki/Vonda_N._McIntyre" title="Vonda N. McIntyre">Vonda N. McIntyre</a> (1979)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Fountains_of_Paradise" title="The Fountains of Paradise">The Fountains of Paradise</a> by <a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Clarke" title="Arthur C. Clarke">Arthur C. Clarke</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Snow_Queen_(Vinge_novel)" title="The Snow Queen (Vinge novel)">The Snow Queen</a> by <a href="/wiki/Joan_D._Vinge" title="Joan D. Vinge">Joan D. Vinge</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downbelow_Station" title="Downbelow Station">Downbelow Station</a> by <a href="/wiki/C._J._Cherryh" title="C. J. Cherryh">C. J. Cherryh</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation%27s_Edge" title="Foundation's Edge">Foundation's Edge</a> by <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Isaac Asimov</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Startide_Rising" title="Startide Rising">Startide Rising</a> by <a href="/wiki/David_Brin" title="David Brin">David Brin</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuromancer" title="Neuromancer">Neuromancer</a> by <a href="/wiki/William_Gibson" title="William Gibson">William Gibson</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ender%27s_Game" title="Ender's Game">Ender's Game</a> by <a href="/wiki/Orson_Scott_Card" title="Orson Scott Card">Orson Scott Card</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_for_the_Dead" title="Speaker for the Dead">Speaker for the Dead</a> by <a href="/wiki/Orson_Scott_Card" title="Orson Scott Card">Orson Scott Card</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Uplift_War" title="The Uplift War">The Uplift War</a> by <a href="/wiki/David_Brin" title="David Brin">David Brin</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyteen" title="Cyteen">Cyteen</a> by <a href="/wiki/C._J._Cherryh" title="C. J. Cherryh">C. J. Cherryh</a> (1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hyperion_(Simmons_novel)" title="Hyperion (Simmons novel)">Hyperion</a> by <a href="/wiki/Dan_Simmons" title="Dan Simmons">Dan Simmons</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Vor_Game" title="The Vor Game">The Vor Game</a> by <a href="/wiki/Lois_McMaster_Bujold" title="Lois McMaster Bujold">Lois McMaster Bujold</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrayar" title="Barrayar">Barrayar</a> by <a href="/wiki/Lois_McMaster_Bujold" title="Lois McMaster Bujold">Lois McMaster Bujold</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Fire_Upon_the_Deep" title="A Fire Upon the Deep">A Fire Upon the Deep</a> by <a href="/wiki/Vernor_Vinge" title="Vernor Vinge">Vernor Vinge</a> / <a href="/wiki/Doomsday_Book_(novel)" title="Doomsday Book (novel)">Doomsday Book</a> by <a href="/wiki/Connie_Willis" title="Connie Willis">Connie Willis</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_trilogy" title="Mars trilogy">Green Mars</a> by <a href="/wiki/Kim_Stanley_Robinson" title="Kim Stanley Robinson">Kim Stanley Robinson</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirror_Dance" title="Mirror Dance">Mirror Dance</a> by <a href="/wiki/Lois_McMaster_Bujold" title="Lois McMaster Bujold">Lois McMaster Bujold</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Diamond_Age" title="The Diamond Age">The Diamond Age</a> by <a href="/wiki/Neal_Stephenson" title="Neal Stephenson">Neal Stephenson</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_trilogy" title="Mars trilogy">Blue Mars</a> by <a href="/wiki/Kim_Stanley_Robinson" title="Kim Stanley Robinson">Kim Stanley Robinson</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forever_Peace" title="Forever Peace">Forever Peace</a> by <a href="/wiki/Joe_Haldeman" title="Joe Haldeman">Joe Haldeman</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/To_Say_Nothing_of_the_Dog" title="To Say Nothing of the Dog">To Say Nothing of the Dog</a> by <a href="/wiki/Connie_Willis" title="Connie Willis">Connie Willis</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_Deepness_in_the_Sky" title="A Deepness in the Sky">A Deepness in the Sky</a> by <a href="/wiki/Vernor_Vinge" title="Vernor Vinge">Vernor Vinge</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Goblet_of_Fire" title="Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire">Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire</a> by <a href="/wiki/J._K._Rowling" title="J. K. Rowling">J. K. Rowling</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Gods" title="American Gods">American Gods</a> by <a href="/wiki/Neil_Gaiman" title="Neil Gaiman">Neil Gaiman</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Neanderthal_Parallax" title="The Neanderthal Parallax">Hominids</a> by <a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Sawyer" title="Robert J. Sawyer">Robert J. Sawyer</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paladin_of_Souls" title="Paladin of Souls">Paladin of Souls</a> by <a href="/wiki/Lois_McMaster_Bujold" title="Lois McMaster Bujold">Lois McMaster Bujold</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Strange_%26_Mr_Norrell" title="Jonathan Strange & Mr Norrell">Jonathan Strange & Mr Norrell</a> by <a href="/wiki/Susanna_Clarke" title="Susanna Clarke">Susanna Clarke</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spin_(novel)" title="Spin (novel)">Spin</a> by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Charles_Wilson" title="Robert Charles Wilson">Robert Charles Wilson</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbows_End_(Vinge_novel)" title="Rainbows End (Vinge novel)">Rainbows End</a> by <a href="/wiki/Vernor_Vinge" title="Vernor Vinge">Vernor Vinge</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Yiddish_Policemen%27s_Union" title="The Yiddish Policemen's Union">The Yiddish Policemen's Union</a> by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Chabon" title="Michael Chabon">Michael Chabon</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Graveyard_Book" title="The Graveyard Book">The Graveyard Book</a> by <a href="/wiki/Neil_Gaiman" title="Neil Gaiman">Neil Gaiman</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Windup_Girl" title="The Windup Girl">The Windup Girl</a> by <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Bacigalupi" title="Paolo Bacigalupi">Paolo Bacigalupi</a> / <a href="/wiki/The_City_%26_the_City" title="The City & the City">The City & the City</a> by <a href="/wiki/China_Mi%C3%A9ville" title="China Miéville">China Miéville</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackout/All_Clear" title="Blackout/All Clear">Blackout/All Clear</a> by <a href="/wiki/Connie_Willis" title="Connie Willis">Connie Willis</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Among_Others" title="Among Others">Among Others</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jo_Walton" title="Jo Walton">Jo Walton</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redshirts_(novel)" title="Redshirts (novel)">Redshirts</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_Scalzi" title="John Scalzi">John Scalzi</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancillary_Justice" title="Ancillary Justice">Ancillary Justice</a> by <a href="/wiki/Ann_Leckie" title="Ann Leckie">Ann Leckie</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Three-Body_Problem_(novel)" title="The Three-Body Problem (novel)">The Three-Body Problem</a> by <a href="/wiki/Cixin_Liu" class="mw-redirect" title="Cixin Liu">Cixin Liu</a>, translated by <a href="/wiki/Ken_Liu" title="Ken Liu">Ken Liu</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fifth_Season_(novel)" title="The Fifth Season (novel)">The Fifth Season</a> by <a href="/wiki/N._K._Jemisin" title="N. K. Jemisin">N. K. Jemisin</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Obelisk_Gate" title="The Obelisk Gate">The Obelisk Gate</a> by <a href="/wiki/N._K._Jemisin" title="N. K. Jemisin">N. K. Jemisin</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Stone_Sky" title="The Stone Sky">The Stone Sky</a> by <a href="/wiki/N._K._Jemisin" title="N. K. Jemisin">N. K. Jemisin</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Calculating_Stars" title="The Calculating Stars">The Calculating Stars</a> by <a href="/wiki/Mary_Robinette_Kowal" title="Mary Robinette Kowal">Mary Robinette Kowal</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_Memory_Called_Empire" title="A Memory Called Empire">A Memory Called Empire</a> by <a href="/wiki/Arkady_Martine" title="Arkady Martine">Arkady Martine</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_Effect_(novel)" title="Network Effect (novel)">Network Effect</a> by <a href="/wiki/Martha_Wells" title="Martha Wells">Martha Wells</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Desolation_Called_Peace" title="A Desolation Called Peace">A Desolation Called Peace</a> by <a href="/wiki/Arkady_Martine" title="Arkady Martine">Arkady Martine</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nettle_%26_Bone" title="Nettle & Bone">Nettle & Bone</a> by <a href="/wiki/Ursula_Vernon" title="Ursula Vernon">T. Kingfisher</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Some_Desperate_Glory_(novel)" title="Some Desperate Glory (novel)">Some Desperate Glory</a> by <a href="/wiki/Emily_Tesh" title="Emily Tesh">Emily Tesh</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hugo_Award_for_Best_Novelette" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hugo_Award_Best_Novelette" title="Template:Hugo Award Best Novelette"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hugo_Award_Best_Novelette" title="Template talk:Hugo Award Best Novelette"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hugo_Award_Best_Novelette" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hugo Award Best Novelette"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hugo_Award_for_Best_Novelette" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award" title="Hugo Award">Hugo Award</a> for <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award_for_Best_Novelette" title="Hugo Award for Best Novelette">Best Novelette</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award_for_Best_Novelette#Retro_Hugos" title="Hugo Award for Best Novelette">Retro Hugos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Rule_18" title="Rule 18">Rule 18</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Clifford_D._Simak" title="Clifford D. Simak">Clifford D. Simak</a> (1939)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Roads_Must_Roll" title="The Roads Must Roll">The Roads Must Roll</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Heinlein" title="Robert A. Heinlein">Robert A. Heinlein</a> (1941)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Foundation_(Asimov_novel)" title="Foundation (Asimov novel)">Foundation</a>" by <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Isaac Asimov</a> (1943)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Mimsy_Were_the_Borogoves" title="Mimsy Were the Borogoves">Mimsy Were the Borogoves</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Padgett" title="Lewis Padgett">Lewis Padgett</a> (1944)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/First_Contact_(novelette)" title="First Contact (novelette)">First Contact</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Murray_Leinster" title="Murray Leinster">Murray Leinster</a> (1946)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Little_Black_Bag" title="The Little Black Bag">The Little Black Bag</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Cyril_M._Kornbluth" title="Cyril M. Kornbluth">Cyril M. Kornbluth</a> (1951)</li> <li>"Earthman, Come Home" by <a href="/wiki/James_Blish" title="James Blish">James Blish</a> (1954)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1955–1960</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Darfsteller" title="The Darfsteller">The Darfsteller</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Walter_M._Miller_Jr." title="Walter M. Miller Jr.">Walter M. Miller Jr.</a> (1955)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Exploration_Team" title="Exploration Team">Exploration Team</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Murray_Leinster" title="Murray Leinster">Murray Leinster</a> (1956)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Big_Time_(novel)" title="The Big Time (novel)">The Big Time</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Leiber" title="Fritz Leiber">Fritz Leiber</a> (1958)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Big_Front_Yard" title="The Big Front Yard">The Big Front Yard</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Clifford_D._Simak" title="Clifford D. Simak">Clifford D. Simak</a> (1959)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1967–1980</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Last_Castle_(novella)" title="The Last Castle (novella)">The Last Castle</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Jack_Vance" title="Jack Vance">Jack Vance</a> (1967)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Gonna_Roll_the_Bones" title="Gonna Roll the Bones">Gonna Roll the Bones</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Leiber" title="Fritz Leiber">Fritz Leiber</a> (1968)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Sharing_of_Flesh" title="The Sharing of Flesh">The Sharing of Flesh</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Poul_Anderson" title="Poul Anderson">Poul Anderson</a> (1969)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Goat_Song_(novelette)" title="Goat Song (novelette)">Goat Song</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Poul_Anderson" title="Poul Anderson">Poul Anderson</a> (1973)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Deathbird" title="The Deathbird">The Deathbird</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Harlan_Ellison" title="Harlan Ellison">Harlan Ellison</a> (1974)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Adrift_Just_Off_the_Islets_of_Langerhans" title="Adrift Just Off the Islets of Langerhans">Adrift Just Off the Islets of Langerhans: Latitude 38° 54' N, Longitude 77° 00' 13" W</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Harlan_Ellison" title="Harlan Ellison">Harlan Ellison</a> (1975)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Borderland_of_Sol" title="The Borderland of Sol">The Borderland of Sol</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Larry_Niven" title="Larry Niven">Larry Niven</a> (1976)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Bicentennial_Man" title="The Bicentennial Man">The Bicentennial Man</a>" by <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Isaac Asimov</a> (1977)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Eyes_of_Amber" title="Eyes of Amber">Eyes of Amber</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Joan_D._Vinge" title="Joan D. Vinge">Joan D. Vinge</a> (1978)</li> <li>"Hunter's Moon" by <a href="/wiki/Poul_Anderson" title="Poul Anderson">Poul Anderson</a> (1979)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Sandkings_(novelette)" title="Sandkings (novelette)">Sandkings</a>" by <a href="/wiki/George_R._R._Martin" title="George R. R. Martin">George R. R. Martin</a> (1980)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1981–1990</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Cloak_and_the_Staff" title="The Cloak and the Staff">The Cloak and the Staff</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Gordon_R._Dickson" title="Gordon R. Dickson">Gordon R. Dickson</a> (1981)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Unicorn_Variation" title="Unicorn Variation">Unicorn Variation</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Roger_Zelazny" title="Roger Zelazny">Roger Zelazny</a> (1982)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Fire_Watch_(short_story)" title="Fire Watch (short story)">Fire Watch</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Connie_Willis" title="Connie Willis">Connie Willis</a> (1983)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Blood_Music_(novel)" title="Blood Music (novel)">Blood Music</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Greg_Bear" title="Greg Bear">Greg Bear</a> (1984)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bloodchild_and_Other_Stories" title="Bloodchild and Other Stories">Bloodchild</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Octavia_E._Butler" title="Octavia E. Butler">Octavia E. Butler</a> (1985)</li> <li>"Paladin of the Lost Hour" by <a href="/wiki/Harlan_Ellison" title="Harlan Ellison">Harlan Ellison</a> (1986)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Permafrost_(story)" title="Permafrost (story)">Permafrost</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Roger_Zelazny" title="Roger Zelazny">Roger Zelazny</a> (1987)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Gals,_Won%27t_You_Come_Out_Tonight" title="Buffalo Gals, Won't You Come Out Tonight">Buffalo Gals, Won't You Come Out Tonight</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Ursula_K._Le_Guin" title="Ursula K. Le Guin">Ursula K. Le Guin</a> (1988)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Schr%C3%B6dinger%27s_Kitten" title="Schrödinger's Kitten">Schrödinger's Kitten</a>" by <a href="/wiki/George_Alec_Effinger" title="George Alec Effinger">George Alec Effinger</a> (1989)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Enter_a_Soldier._Later:_Enter_Another" title="Enter a Soldier. Later: Enter Another">Enter a Soldier. Later: Enter Another</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Silverberg" title="Robert Silverberg">Robert Silverberg</a> (1990)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1991–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Kirinyaga_(novel)" title="Kirinyaga (novel)">The Manamouki</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Mike_Resnick" title="Mike Resnick">Mike Resnick</a> (1991)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Gold_(short_story)" title="Gold (short story)">Gold</a>" by <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Isaac Asimov</a> (1992)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Nutcracker_Coup" title="The Nutcracker Coup">The Nutcracker Coup</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Janet_Kagan" title="Janet Kagan">Janet Kagan</a> (1993)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Georgia_on_My_Mind_(novelette)" title="Georgia on My Mind (novelette)">Georgia on My Mind</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Sheffield" title="Charles Sheffield">Charles Sheffield</a> (1994)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Martian_Child" title="The Martian Child">The Martian Child</a>" by <a href="/wiki/David_Gerrold" title="David Gerrold">David Gerrold</a> (1995)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Think_Like_a_Dinosaur" title="Think Like a Dinosaur">Think Like a Dinosaur</a>" by <a href="/wiki/James_Patrick_Kelly" title="James Patrick Kelly">James Patrick Kelly</a> (1996)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bicycle_Repairman" title="Bicycle Repairman">Bicycle Repairman</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Sterling" title="Bruce Sterling">Bruce Sterling</a> (1997)</li> <li>"We Will Drink a Fish Together..." by <a href="/wiki/Bill_Johnson_(author)" title="Bill Johnson (author)">Bill Johnson</a> (1998)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Taklamakan_(short_story)" title="Taklamakan (short story)">Taklamakan</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Sterling" title="Bruce Sterling">Bruce Sterling</a> (1999)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/10%5E16_to_1" title="10^16 to 1">1016 to 1</a>" by <a href="/wiki/James_Patrick_Kelly" title="James Patrick Kelly">James Patrick Kelly</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–2010</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"Millennium Babies" by <a href="/wiki/Kristine_Kathryn_Rusch" title="Kristine Kathryn Rusch">Kristine Kathryn Rusch</a> (2001)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hell_Is_the_Absence_of_God" title="Hell Is the Absence of God">Hell Is the Absence of God</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Ted_Chiang" title="Ted Chiang">Ted Chiang</a> (2002)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Slow_Life_(novelette)" title="Slow Life (novelette)">Slow Life</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Swanwick" title="Michael Swanwick">Michael Swanwick</a> (2003)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Legions_in_Time" title="Legions in Time">Legions in Time</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Swanwick" title="Michael Swanwick">Michael Swanwick</a> (2004)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Faery_Handbag" title="The Faery Handbag">The Faery Handbag</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Kelly_Link" title="Kelly Link">Kelly Link</a> (2005)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Two_Hearts_(story)" title="Two Hearts (story)">Two Hearts</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Peter_S._Beagle" title="Peter S. Beagle">Peter S. Beagle</a> (2006)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Djinn%27s_Wife" title="The Djinn's Wife">The Djinn's Wife</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Ian_McDonald_(British_author)" title="Ian McDonald (British author)">Ian McDonald</a> (2007)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Merchant_and_the_Alchemist%27s_Gate" title="The Merchant and the Alchemist's Gate">The Merchant and the Alchemist's Gate</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Ted_Chiang" title="Ted Chiang">Ted Chiang</a> (2008)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Shoggoths_in_Bloom" title="Shoggoths in Bloom">Shoggoths in Bloom</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Bear" title="Elizabeth Bear">Elizabeth Bear</a> (2009)</li> <li>"The Island" by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Watts_(author)" title="Peter Watts (author)">Peter Watts</a> (2010)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2011–2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"The Emperor of Mars" by <a href="/wiki/Allen_Steele" title="Allen Steele">Allen Steele</a> (2011)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Six_Months,_Three_Days" title="Six Months, Three Days">Six Months, Three Days</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Jane_Anders" title="Charlie Jane Anders">Charlie Jane Anders</a> (2012)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Girl-Thing_Who_Went_Out_for_Sushi" title="The Girl-Thing Who Went Out for Sushi">The Girl-Thing Who Went Out for Sushi</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Pat_Cadigan" title="Pat Cadigan">Pat Cadigan</a> (2013)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Lady_Astronaut_of_Mars" title="The Lady Astronaut of Mars">The Lady Astronaut of Mars</a>", by <a href="/wiki/Mary_Robinette_Kowal" title="Mary Robinette Kowal">Mary Robinette Kowal</a> (2014)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Day_the_World_Turned_Upside_Down" title="The Day the World Turned Upside Down">The Day the World Turned Upside Down</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Olde_Heuvelt" title="Thomas Olde Heuvelt">Thomas Olde Heuvelt</a>, translated by Lia Belt (2015)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Folding_Beijing" title="Folding Beijing">Folding Beijing</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Hao_Jingfang" title="Hao Jingfang">Hao Jingfang</a> (2016)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Tomato_Thief" title="The Tomato Thief">The Tomato Thief</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Ursula_Vernon" title="Ursula Vernon">Ursula Vernon</a> (2017)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Secret_Life_of_Bots" title="The Secret Life of Bots">The Secret Life of Bots</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Palmer" title="Suzanne Palmer">Suzanne Palmer</a> (2018)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/If_at_First_You_Don%27t_Succeed,_Try,_Try_Again" title="If at First You Don't Succeed, Try, Try Again">If at First You Don't Succeed, Try, Try Again</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Zen_Cho" title="Zen Cho">Zen Cho</a> (2019)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Emergency_Skin" title="Emergency Skin">Emergency Skin</a>" by <a href="/wiki/N._K._Jemisin" title="N. K. Jemisin">N. K. Jemisin</a> (2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2021–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"Two Truths and a Lie" by <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Pinsker" title="Sarah Pinsker">Sarah Pinsker</a> (2021)</li> <li>"Bots of the Lost Ark" by <a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Palmer" title="Suzanne Palmer">Suzanne Palmer</a> (2022)</li> <li>"The Space-Time Painter" by <a href="/wiki/Hai_Ya" title="Hai Ya">Hai Ya</a> (2023)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Year_Without_Sunshine" title="The Year Without Sunshine">The Year Without Sunshine</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Naomi_Kritzer" title="Naomi Kritzer">Naomi Kritzer</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Locus_Award_for_Best_Novel" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Locus_Award_Best_Novel" title="Template:Locus Award Best Novel"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Locus_Award_Best_Novel" title="Template talk:Locus Award Best Novel"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Locus_Award_Best_Novel" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Locus Award Best Novel"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Locus_Award_for_Best_Novel" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Locus_Award" title="Locus Award">Locus Award</a> for <a href="/wiki/Locus_Award_for_Best_Novel" title="Locus Award for Best Novel">Best Novel</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ringworld" title="Ringworld">Ringworld</a> by <a href="/wiki/Larry_Niven" title="Larry Niven">Larry Niven</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lathe_of_Heaven" title="The Lathe of Heaven">The Lathe of Heaven</a> by <a href="/wiki/Ursula_K._Le_Guin" title="Ursula K. Le Guin">Ursula K. Le Guin</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gods_Themselves" title="The Gods Themselves">The Gods Themselves</a> by <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Isaac Asimov</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rendezvous_with_Rama" title="Rendezvous with Rama">Rendezvous with Rama</a> by <a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Clarke" title="Arthur C. Clarke">Arthur C. Clarke</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dispossessed" title="The Dispossessed">The Dispossessed</a> by <a href="/wiki/Ursula_K._Le_Guin" title="Ursula K. Le Guin">Ursula K. Le Guin</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Forever_War" title="The Forever War">The Forever War</a> by <a href="/wiki/Joe_Haldeman" title="Joe Haldeman">Joe Haldeman</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Where_Late_the_Sweet_Birds_Sang" title="Where Late the Sweet Birds Sang">Where Late the Sweet Birds Sang</a> by <a href="/wiki/Kate_Wilhelm" title="Kate Wilhelm">Kate Wilhelm</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gateway_(novel)" title="Gateway (novel)">Gateway</a> by <a href="/wiki/Frederik_Pohl" title="Frederik Pohl">Frederik Pohl</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreamsnake" title="Dreamsnake">Dreamsnake</a> by <a href="/wiki/Vonda_N._McIntyre" title="Vonda N. McIntyre">Vonda N. McIntyre</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_(Varley_novel)" title="Titan (Varley novel)">Titan</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_Varley_(author)" title="John Varley (author)">John Varley</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Snow_Queen_(Vinge_novel)" title="The Snow Queen (Vinge novel)">The Snow Queen</a> by <a href="/wiki/Joan_D._Vinge" title="Joan D. Vinge">Joan D. Vinge</a> (1981)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Locus_Award_for_Best_Novel" title="Locus Award for Best Novel">Best Novel</a> (1971–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locus_Award_for_Best_Science_Fiction_Novel" title="Locus Award for Best Science Fiction Novel">Best SF Novel</a> (1980–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locus_Award_for_Best_Fantasy_Novel" title="Locus Award for Best Fantasy Novel">Best Fantasy Novel</a> (1978–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locus_Award_for_Best_First_Novel" title="Locus Award for Best First Novel">Best First Novel</a> (1981–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locus_Award_for_Best_Horror_Novel" title="Locus Award for Best Horror Novel">Best Horror Novel</a> (1989–1997, 1999, 2017–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locus_Award_for_Best_Young_Adult_Book" title="Locus Award for Best Young Adult Book">Best Young Adult Book</a> (2003–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locus_Award_for_Best_Novella" title="Locus Award for Best Novella">Best Novella</a> (1973–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locus_Award_for_Best_Novelette" title="Locus Award for Best Novelette">Best Novelette</a> (1975–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locus_Award_for_Best_Short_Story" title="Locus Award for Best Short Story">Best Short Story</a> (1971–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Locus_Award_for_Best_Science_Fiction_Novel" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Locus_Award_Best_SF_Novel" title="Template:Locus Award Best SF Novel"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Locus_Award_Best_SF_Novel" title="Template talk:Locus Award Best SF Novel"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Locus_Award_Best_SF_Novel" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Locus Award Best SF Novel"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Locus_Award_for_Best_Science_Fiction_Novel" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Locus_Award" title="Locus Award">Locus Award</a> for <a href="/wiki/Locus_Award_for_Best_Science_Fiction_Novel" title="Locus Award for Best Science Fiction Novel">Best Science Fiction Novel</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Titan_(Varley_novel)" title="Titan (Varley novel)">Titan</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_Varley_(author)" title="John Varley (author)">John Varley</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Snow_Queen_(Vinge_novel)" title="The Snow Queen (Vinge novel)">The Snow Queen</a> by <a href="/wiki/Joan_D._Vinge" title="Joan D. Vinge">Joan D. Vinge</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Many-Colored_Land" title="The Many-Colored Land">The Many-Colored Land</a> by <a href="/wiki/Julian_May" title="Julian May">Julian May</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation%27s_Edge" title="Foundation's Edge">Foundation's Edge</a> by <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Isaac Asimov</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Startide_Rising" title="Startide Rising">Startide Rising</a> by <a href="/wiki/David_Brin" title="David Brin">David Brin</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Integral_Trees" title="The Integral Trees">The Integral Trees</a> by <a href="/wiki/Larry_Niven" title="Larry Niven">Larry Niven</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Postman" title="The Postman">The Postman</a> by <a href="/wiki/David_Brin" title="David Brin">David Brin</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_for_the_Dead" title="Speaker for the Dead">Speaker for the Dead</a> by <a href="/wiki/Orson_Scott_Card" title="Orson Scott Card">Orson Scott Card</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Uplift_War" title="The Uplift War">The Uplift War </a> by <a href="/wiki/David_Brin" title="David Brin">David Brin</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyteen" title="Cyteen">Cyteen</a> by <a href="/wiki/C._J._Cherryh" title="C. J. Cherryh">C. J. Cherryh</a> (1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hyperion_(Simmons_novel)" title="Hyperion (Simmons novel)">Hyperion</a> by <a href="/wiki/Dan_Simmons" title="Dan Simmons">Dan Simmons</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fall_of_Hyperion_(novel)" title="The Fall of Hyperion (novel)">The Fall of Hyperion</a> by <a href="/wiki/Dan_Simmons" title="Dan Simmons">Dan Simmons</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrayar" title="Barrayar">Barrayar</a> by <a href="/wiki/Lois_McMaster_Bujold" title="Lois McMaster Bujold">Lois McMaster Bujold</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doomsday_Book_(novel)" title="Doomsday Book (novel)">Doomsday Book</a> by <a href="/wiki/Connie_Willis" title="Connie Willis">Connie Willis</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_trilogy" title="Mars trilogy">Green Mars</a> by <a href="/wiki/Kim_Stanley_Robinson" title="Kim Stanley Robinson">Kim Stanley Robinson</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirror_Dance" title="Mirror Dance">Mirror Dance</a> by <a href="/wiki/Lois_McMaster_Bujold" title="Lois McMaster Bujold">Lois McMaster Bujold</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Diamond_Age" title="The Diamond Age">The Diamond Age</a> by <a href="/wiki/Neal_Stephenson" title="Neal Stephenson">Neal Stephenson</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_trilogy" title="Mars trilogy">Blue Mars</a> by <a href="/wiki/Kim_Stanley_Robinson" title="Kim Stanley Robinson">Kim Stanley Robinson</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Rise_of_Endymion" title="The Rise of Endymion">The Rise of Endymion</a> by <a href="/wiki/Dan_Simmons" title="Dan Simmons">Dan Simmons</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/To_Say_Nothing_of_the_Dog" title="To Say Nothing of the Dog">To Say Nothing of the Dog</a> by <a href="/wiki/Connie_Willis" title="Connie Willis">Connie Willis</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cryptonomicon" title="Cryptonomicon">Cryptonomicon</a> by <a href="/wiki/Neal_Stephenson" title="Neal Stephenson">Neal Stephenson</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Telling" title="The Telling">The Telling</a> by <a href="/wiki/Ursula_K._Le_Guin" title="Ursula K. Le Guin">Ursula K. Le Guin</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passage_(Willis_novel)" title="Passage (Willis novel)">Passage</a> by <a href="/wiki/Connie_Willis" title="Connie Willis">Connie Willis</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Years_of_Rice_and_Salt" title="The Years of Rice and Salt">The Years of Rice and Salt</a> by <a href="/wiki/Kim_Stanley_Robinson" title="Kim Stanley Robinson">Kim Stanley Robinson</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilium_(novel)" title="Ilium (novel)">Ilium</a> by <a href="/wiki/Dan_Simmons" title="Dan Simmons">Dan Simmons</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Baroque_Cycle" title="The Baroque Cycle">The Baroque Cycle</a> by <a href="/wiki/Neal_Stephenson" title="Neal Stephenson">Neal Stephenson</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accelerando" title="Accelerando">Accelerando</a> by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Stross" title="Charles Stross">Charles Stross</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbows_End_(Vinge_novel)" title="Rainbows End (Vinge novel)">Rainbows End</a> by <a href="/wiki/Vernor_Vinge" title="Vernor Vinge">Vernor Vinge</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Yiddish_Policemen%27s_Union" title="The Yiddish Policemen's Union">The Yiddish Policemen's Union</a> by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Chabon" title="Michael Chabon">Michael Chabon</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anathem" title="Anathem">Anathem</a> by <a href="/wiki/Neal_Stephenson" title="Neal Stephenson">Neal Stephenson</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boneshaker_(novel)" title="Boneshaker (novel)">Boneshaker</a> by <a href="/wiki/Cherie_Priest" title="Cherie Priest">Cherie Priest</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackout/All_Clear" title="Blackout/All Clear">Blackout/All Clear</a> by <a href="/wiki/Connie_Willis" title="Connie Willis">Connie Willis</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embassytown" title="Embassytown">Embassytown</a> by <a href="/wiki/China_Mi%C3%A9ville" title="China Miéville">China Miéville</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redshirts_(novel)" title="Redshirts (novel)">Redshirts</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_Scalzi" title="John Scalzi">John Scalzi</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abaddon%27s_Gate" title="Abaddon's Gate">Abaddon's Gate</a> by <a href="/wiki/James_S._A._Corey" title="James S. A. Corey">James S. A. Corey</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancillary_Sword" title="Ancillary Sword">Ancillary Sword</a> by <a href="/wiki/Ann_Leckie" title="Ann Leckie">Ann Leckie</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancillary_Mercy" title="Ancillary Mercy">Ancillary Mercy</a> by <a href="/wiki/Ann_Leckie" title="Ann Leckie">Ann Leckie</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death%27s_End" title="Death's End">Death's End</a> by <a href="/wiki/Liu_Cixin" title="Liu Cixin">Liu Cixin</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Collapsing_Empire" title="The Collapsing Empire">The Collapsing Empire</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_Scalzi" title="John Scalzi">John Scalzi</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Calculating_Stars" title="The Calculating Stars">The Calculating Stars</a> by <a href="/wiki/Mary_Robinette_Kowal" title="Mary Robinette Kowal">Mary Robinette Kowal</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_City_in_the_Middle_of_the_Night" title="The City in the Middle of the Night">The City in the Middle of the Night</a> by <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Jane_Anders" title="Charlie Jane Anders">Charlie Jane Anders </a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_Effect_(novel)" title="Network Effect (novel)">Network Effect</a> by <a href="/wiki/Martha_Wells" title="Martha Wells">Martha Wells</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Desolation_Called_Peace" title="A Desolation Called Peace">A Desolation Called Peace</a> by <a href="/wiki/Arkady_Martine" title="Arkady Martine">Arkady Martine</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Kaiju_Preservation_Society" title="The Kaiju Preservation Society">The Kaiju Preservation Society</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_Scalzi" title="John Scalzi">John Scalzi</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Murderbot_Diaries" title="The Murderbot Diaries">System Collapse</a> by <a href="/wiki/Martha_Wells" title="Martha Wells">Martha Wells</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Locus_Award_for_Best_Novel" title="Locus Award for Best Novel">Best Novel</a> (1971–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locus_Award_for_Best_Science_Fiction_Novel" title="Locus Award for Best Science Fiction Novel">Best SF Novel</a> (1980–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locus_Award_for_Best_Fantasy_Novel" title="Locus Award for Best Fantasy Novel">Best Fantasy Novel</a> (1978–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locus_Award_for_Best_First_Novel" title="Locus Award for Best First Novel">Best First Novel</a> (1981–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locus_Award_for_Best_Horror_Novel" title="Locus Award for Best Horror Novel">Best Horror Novel</a> (1989–1997, 1999, 2017–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locus_Award_for_Best_Young_Adult_Book" title="Locus Award for Best Young Adult Book">Best Young Adult Book</a> (2003–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locus_Award_for_Best_Novella" title="Locus Award for Best Novella">Best Novella</a> (1973–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locus_Award_for_Best_Novelette" title="Locus Award for Best Novelette">Best Novelette</a> (1975–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locus_Award_for_Best_Short_Story" title="Locus Award for Best Short Story">Best Short Story</a> (1971–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Locus_Award_for_Best_Short_Story" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Locus_Award_Best_Short_Story" title="Template:Locus Award Best Short Story"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Locus_Award_Best_Short_Story" title="Template talk:Locus Award Best Short Story"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Locus_Award_Best_Short_Story" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Locus Award Best Short Story"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Locus_Award_for_Best_Short_Story" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Locus_Award_for_Best_Short_Story" title="Locus Award for Best Short Story">Locus Award for Best Short Story</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1971–1980</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Region_Between&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Region Between (page does not exist)">The Region Between</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Harlan_Ellison" title="Harlan Ellison">Harlan Ellison</a> (1971)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Queen_of_Air_and_Darkness_(novella)" title="The Queen of Air and Darkness (novella)">The Queen of Air and Darkness</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Poul_Anderson" title="Poul Anderson">Poul Anderson</a> (1972)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Ones_Who_Walk_Away_from_Omelas" title="The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas">The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Ursula_K._Le_Guin" title="Ursula K. Le Guin">Ursula K. Le Guin</a> (1973)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Deathbird" title="The Deathbird">The Deathbird</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Harlan_Ellison" title="Harlan Ellison">Harlan Ellison</a> (1974)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Day_Before_the_Revolution" title="The Day Before the Revolution">The Day Before the Revolution</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Ursula_K._Le_Guin" title="Ursula K. Le Guin">Ursula K. Le Guin</a> (1975)</li> <li>"Croatoan" by Harlan Ellison (1976)</li> <li>"Tricentennial" by <a href="/wiki/Joe_Haldeman" title="Joe Haldeman">Joe Haldeman</a> (1977)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Jeffty_Is_Five" title="Jeffty Is Five">Jeffty Is Five</a>" by Harlan Ellison (1978)</li> <li>"<a href="/w/index.php?title=Count_the_Clock_that_Tells_the_Time&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Count the Clock that Tells the Time (page does not exist)">Count the Clock that Tells the Time</a>" by Harlan Ellison (1979)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Way_of_Cross_and_Dragon" title="The Way of Cross and Dragon">The Way of Cross and Dragon</a>" by <a href="/wiki/George_R._R._Martin" title="George R. R. Martin">George R. R. Martin</a> (1980)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1981–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Grotto_of_the_Dancing_Deer" title="Grotto of the Dancing Deer">Grotto of the Dancing Deer</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Clifford_D._Simak" title="Clifford D. Simak">Clifford D. Simak</a> (1981)</li> <li>"<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Pusher_(short_story)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Pusher (short story) (page does not exist)">The Pusher</a>" by <a href="/wiki/John_Varley_(author)" title="John Varley (author)">John Varley</a> (1982)</li> <li>"Sur" by <a href="/wiki/Ursula_K._Le_Guin" title="Ursula K. Le Guin">Ursula K. Le Guin</a> (1983)</li> <li>"<a href="/w/index.php?title=Beyond_the_Dead_Reef&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beyond the Dead Reef (page does not exist)">Beyond the Dead Reef</a>" by <a href="/wiki/James_Tiptree_Jr." title="James Tiptree Jr.">James Tiptree Jr.</a> (1984)</li> <li>"Salvador" by <a href="/wiki/Lucius_Shepard" title="Lucius Shepard">Lucius Shepard</a> (1985)</li> <li>"<a href="/w/index.php?title=With_Virgil_Oddum_at_the_East_Pole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="With Virgil Oddum at the East Pole (page does not exist)">With Virgil Oddum at the East Pole</a>" by Harlan Ellison (1986)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Robot_Dreams_(short_story)" title="Robot Dreams (short story)">Robot Dreams</a>" by <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Isaac Asimov</a> (1987)</li> <li>"Angel" by <a href="/wiki/Pat_Cadigan" title="Pat Cadigan">Pat Cadigan</a> (1988)</li> <li>"Eidolons" by Harlan Ellison (1989)</li> <li>"Lost Boys" by <a href="/wiki/Orson_Scott_Card" title="Orson Scott Card">Orson Scott Card</a> (1990)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bears_Discover_Fire" title="Bears Discover Fire">Bears Discover Fire</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Terry_Bisson" title="Terry Bisson">Terry Bisson</a> (1991)</li> <li>"Buffalo" by <a href="/wiki/John_Kessel" title="John Kessel">John Kessel</a> (1992)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Even_the_Queen" title="Even the Queen">Even the Queen</a>" by Connie Willis (1993)</li> <li>"Close Encounter" by Connie Willis (1994)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/None_So_Blind" title="None So Blind">None So Blind</a>" by Joe Haldeman (1995)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Lincoln_Train" title="The Lincoln Train">The Lincoln Train</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Maureen_F._McHugh" title="Maureen F. McHugh">Maureen F. McHugh</a> (1996)</li> <li>"Gone" by <a href="/wiki/John_Crowley_(author)" title="John Crowley (author)">John Crowley</a> (1997)</li> <li>"Itsy Bitsy Spider" by <a href="/wiki/James_Patrick_Kelly" title="James Patrick Kelly">James Patrick Kelly</a> (1998)</li> <li>"<a href="/w/index.php?title=Maneki_Neko_(short_story)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maneki Neko (short story) (page does not exist)">Maneki Neko</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Sterling" title="Bruce Sterling">Bruce Sterling</a> (1999)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Macs_(short_story)" title="Macs (short story)">macs</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Terry_Bisson" title="Terry Bisson">Terry Bisson</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Missing_Mass&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Missing Mass (page does not exist)">The Missing Mass</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Larry_Niven" title="Larry Niven">Larry Niven</a> (2001)</li> <li>"<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Bones_of_the_Earth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Bones of the Earth (page does not exist)">The Bones of the Earth</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Ursula_K._Le_Guin" title="Ursula K. Le Guin">Ursula K. Le Guin</a> (2002)</li> <li>"October in the Chair" by <a href="/wiki/Neil_Gaiman" title="Neil Gaiman">Neil Gaiman</a> (2003)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Fragile_Things" title="Fragile Things">Closing Time</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Neil_Gaiman" title="Neil Gaiman">Neil Gaiman</a> (2004)</li> <li>"Forbidden Brides of the Faceless Slaves in the Nameless House of the Night of Dread Desire" by <a href="/wiki/Neil_Gaiman" title="Neil Gaiman">Neil Gaiman</a> (2005)</li> <li>"Sunbird" by <a href="/wiki/Neil_Gaiman" title="Neil Gaiman">Neil Gaiman</a> (2006)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/How_to_Talk_to_Girls_at_Parties" title="How to Talk to Girls at Parties">How to Talk to Girls at Parties</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Neil_Gaiman" title="Neil Gaiman">Neil Gaiman</a> (2007)</li> <li>"A Small Room in Koboldtown" by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Swanwick" title="Michael Swanwick">Michael Swanwick</a> (2008)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Exhalation_(short_story)" title="Exhalation (short story)">Exhalation</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Ted_Chiang" title="Ted Chiang">Ted Chiang</a> (2009)</li> <li>"An Invocation of Incuriosity" by <a href="/wiki/Neil_Gaiman" title="Neil Gaiman">Neil Gaiman</a> (2010)</li> <li>"The Thing About Cassandra" by <a href="/wiki/Neil_Gaiman" title="Neil Gaiman">Neil Gaiman</a> (2011)</li> <li>"The Case of Death and Honey" by <a href="/wiki/Neil_Gaiman" title="Neil Gaiman">Neil Gaiman</a> (2012)</li> <li>"Immersion" by <a href="/wiki/Aliette_de_Bodard" title="Aliette de Bodard">Aliette de Bodard</a> (2013)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Road_of_Needles" title="The Road of Needles">The Road of Needles</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Caitl%C3%ADn_R._Kiernan" title="Caitlín R. Kiernan">Caitlín R. Kiernan</a> (2014)</li> <li>"The Truth About Owls" by <a href="/wiki/Amal_El-Mohtar" title="Amal El-Mohtar">Amal El-Mohtar</a> (2015)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Cat_Pictures_Please" title="Cat Pictures Please">Cat Pictures Please</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Naomi_Kritzer" title="Naomi Kritzer">Naomi Kritzer</a> (2016)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Seasons_of_Glass_and_Iron" title="Seasons of Glass and Iron">Seasons of Glass and Iron</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Amal_El-Mohtar" title="Amal El-Mohtar">Amal El-Mohtar</a> (2017)</li> <li>"The Martian Obelisk" by <a href="/wiki/Linda_Nagata" title="Linda Nagata">Linda Nagata</a> (2018)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Secret_Lives_of_the_Nine_Negro_Teeth_of_George_Washington" title="The Secret Lives of the Nine Negro Teeth of George Washington">The Secret Lives of the Nine Negro Teeth of George Washington</a>" by <a href="/wiki/P._Dj%C3%A8l%C3%AD_Clark" title="P. Djèlí Clark">P. Djèlí Clark</a> (2019)</li> <li>"The Bookstore at the End of America" by <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Jane_Anders" title="Charlie Jane Anders">Charlie Jane Anders</a> (2020)</li> <li>"Little Free Library" by <a href="/wiki/Naomi_Kritzer" title="Naomi Kritzer">Naomi Kritzer</a> (2021)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Where_Oaken_Hearts_Do_Gather" title="Where Oaken Hearts Do Gather">Where Oaken Hearts Do Gather</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Pinsker" title="Sarah Pinsker">Sarah Pinsker</a> (2022)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Rabbit_Test_(short_story)" title="Rabbit Test (short story)">Rabbit Test</a>" by Samantha Mills (2023)</li> <li>"How to Raise a Kraken in Your Bathtub" by <a href="/wiki/P._Dj%C3%A8l%C3%AD_Clark" title="P. Djèlí Clark">P. Djèlí Clark</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Locus_Award_for_Best_Novel" title="Locus Award for Best Novel">Best Novel</a> (1971–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locus_Award_for_Best_Science_Fiction_Novel" title="Locus Award for Best Science Fiction Novel">Best SF Novel</a> (1980–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locus_Award_for_Best_Fantasy_Novel" title="Locus Award for Best Fantasy Novel">Best Fantasy Novel</a> (1978–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locus_Award_for_Best_First_Novel" title="Locus Award for Best First Novel">Best First Novel</a> (1981–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locus_Award_for_Best_Horror_Novel" title="Locus Award for Best Horror Novel">Best Horror Novel</a> (1989–1997, 1999, 2017–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locus_Award_for_Best_Young_Adult_Book" title="Locus Award for Best Young Adult Book">Best Young Adult Book</a> (2003–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locus_Award_for_Best_Novella" title="Locus Award for Best Novella">Best Novella</a> (1973–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locus_Award_for_Best_Novelette" title="Locus Award for Best Novelette">Best Novelette</a> (1975–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locus_Award_for_Best_Short_Story" title="Locus Award for Best Short Story">Best Short Story</a> (1971–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Retro_Hugo_Award_for_Best_Short_Story" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Retro_Hugo_Award_Best_Short_Story" title="Template:Retro Hugo Award Best Short Story"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Retro_Hugo_Award_Best_Short_Story" title="Template talk:Retro Hugo Award Best Short Story"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Retro_Hugo_Award_Best_Short_Story" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Retro Hugo Award Best Short Story"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Retro_Hugo_Award_for_Best_Short_Story" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award_for_Best_Short_Story#Retro_Hugos" title="Hugo Award for Best Short Story">Retro Hugo Award</a> for <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award_for_Best_Short_Story" title="Hugo Award for Best Short Story">Best Short Story</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>These Hugo awards were retroactively awarded for short stories published 50, 75, or 100 years prior</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/How_We_Went_to_Mars" title="How We Went to Mars">How We Went to Mars</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Clarke" title="Arthur C. Clarke">Arthur C. Clarke</a> (1939)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Robbie_(short_story)" title="Robbie (short story)">Robbie</a>" by <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Isaac Asimov</a> (1941)</li> <li>"The Twonky" by <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Padgett" title="Lewis Padgett">Lewis Padgett</a> (1943)</li> <li>"King of the Gray Spaces" or: "R is for Rocket" by <a href="/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury">Ray Bradbury</a> (1944)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I,_Rocket" title="I, Rocket">I, Rocket</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury">Ray Bradbury</a> (1945)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Uncommon_Sense" title="Uncommon Sense">Uncommon Sense</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Hal_Clement" title="Hal Clement">Hal Clement</a> (1946)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/To_Serve_Man_(short_story)" title="To Serve Man (short story)">To Serve Man</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Damon_Knight" title="Damon Knight">Damon Knight</a> (1951)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Nine_Billion_Names_of_God" title="The Nine Billion Names of God">The Nine Billion Names of God</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Clarke" title="Arthur C. Clarke">Arthur C. Clarke</a> (1954)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award_for_Best_Short_Story" title="Hugo Award for Best Short Story">Complete list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Retro_Hugo_Award_Best_Short_Story" title="Template:Retro Hugo Award Best Short Story">Retro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hugo_Award_Best_Short_Story_1955%E2%80%931960" title="Template:Hugo Award Best Short Story 1955–1960">1955–1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hugo_Award_Best_Short_Story_1961%E2%80%931980" title="Template:Hugo Award Best Short Story 1961–1980">1961–1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hugo_Award_Best_Short_Story_1981%E2%80%932000" title="Template:Hugo Award Best Short Story 1981–2000">1981–2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hugo_Award_Best_Short_Story_2001%E2%80%932020" title="Template:Hugo Award Best Short Story 2001–2020">2001–2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hugo_Award_Best_Short_Story_2021%E2%80%932040" title="Template:Hugo Award Best Short Story 2021–2040">2021–present</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nebula_Award_for_Best_Novel" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nebula_Award_Best_Novel" title="Template:Nebula Award Best Novel"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nebula_Award_Best_Novel" title="Template talk:Nebula Award Best Novel"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nebula_Award_Best_Novel" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nebula Award Best Novel"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nebula_Award_for_Best_Novel" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nebula_Award" title="Nebula Award">Nebula Award</a> for <a href="/wiki/Nebula_Award_for_Best_Novel" title="Nebula Award for Best Novel">Best Novel</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1966–1980</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dune_(novel)" title="Dune (novel)">Dune</a> by <a href="/wiki/Frank_Herbert" title="Frank Herbert">Frank Herbert</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babel-17" title="Babel-17">Babel-17</a> by <a href="/wiki/Samuel_R._Delany" title="Samuel R. Delany">Samuel R. Delany</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flowers_for_Algernon" title="Flowers for Algernon">Flowers for Algernon</a> by <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Keyes" title="Daniel Keyes">Daniel Keyes</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Einstein_Intersection" title="The Einstein Intersection">The Einstein Intersection</a> by <a href="/wiki/Samuel_R._Delany" title="Samuel R. Delany">Samuel R. Delany</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rite_of_Passage_(novel)" title="Rite of Passage (novel)">Rite of Passage</a> by <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Panshin" title="Alexei Panshin">Alexei Panshin</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Left_Hand_of_Darkness" title="The Left Hand of Darkness">The Left Hand of Darkness</a> by <a href="/wiki/Ursula_K._Le_Guin" title="Ursula K. Le Guin">Ursula K. Le Guin</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringworld" title="Ringworld">Ringworld</a> by <a href="/wiki/Larry_Niven" title="Larry Niven">Larry Niven</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Time_of_Changes" title="A Time of Changes">A Time of Changes</a> by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Silverberg" title="Robert Silverberg">Robert Silverberg</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gods_Themselves" title="The Gods Themselves">The Gods Themselves</a> by <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Isaac Asimov</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rendezvous_with_Rama" title="Rendezvous with Rama">Rendezvous with Rama</a> by <a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Clarke" title="Arthur C. Clarke">Arthur C. Clarke</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dispossessed" title="The Dispossessed">The Dispossessed</a> by <a href="/wiki/Ursula_K._Le_Guin" title="Ursula K. Le Guin">Ursula K. Le Guin</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Forever_War" title="The Forever War">The Forever War</a> by <a href="/wiki/Joe_Haldeman" title="Joe Haldeman">Joe Haldeman</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man_Plus" title="Man Plus">Man Plus</a> by <a href="/wiki/Frederik_Pohl" title="Frederik Pohl">Frederik Pohl</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gateway_(novel)" title="Gateway (novel)">Gateway</a> by <a href="/wiki/Frederik_Pohl" title="Frederik Pohl">Frederik Pohl</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreamsnake" title="Dreamsnake">Dreamsnake</a> by <a href="/wiki/Vonda_N._McIntyre" title="Vonda N. McIntyre">Vonda N. McIntyre</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fountains_of_Paradise" title="The Fountains of Paradise">The Fountains of Paradise</a> by <a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Clarke" title="Arthur C. Clarke">Arthur C. Clarke</a> (1980)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1981–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timescape" title="Timescape">Timescape</a> by <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Benford" title="Gregory Benford">Gregory Benford</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Claw_of_the_Conciliator" title="The Claw of the Conciliator">The Claw of the Conciliator</a> by <a href="/wiki/Gene_Wolfe" title="Gene Wolfe">Gene Wolfe</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_Enemy_But_Time" title="No Enemy But Time">No Enemy But Time</a> by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Bishop_(author)" title="Michael Bishop (author)">Michael Bishop</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Startide_Rising" title="Startide Rising">Startide Rising</a> by <a href="/wiki/David_Brin" title="David Brin">David Brin</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuromancer" title="Neuromancer">Neuromancer</a> by <a href="/wiki/William_Gibson" title="William Gibson">William Gibson</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ender%27s_Game" title="Ender's Game">Ender's Game</a> by <a href="/wiki/Orson_Scott_Card" title="Orson Scott Card">Orson Scott Card</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_for_the_Dead" title="Speaker for the Dead">Speaker for the Dead</a> by <a href="/wiki/Orson_Scott_Card" title="Orson Scott Card">Orson Scott Card</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Falling_Woman" title="The Falling Woman">The Falling Woman</a> by <a href="/wiki/Pat_Murphy_(writer)" title="Pat Murphy (writer)">Pat Murphy</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falling_Free" title="Falling Free">Falling Free</a> by <a href="/wiki/Lois_McMaster_Bujold" title="Lois McMaster Bujold">Lois McMaster Bujold</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Healer%27s_War" title="The Healer's War">The Healer's War</a> by <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Ann_Scarborough" title="Elizabeth Ann Scarborough">Elizabeth Ann Scarborough</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehanu" title="Tehanu">Tehanu: The Last Book of Earthsea</a> by <a href="/wiki/Ursula_K._Le_Guin" title="Ursula K. Le Guin">Ursula K. Le Guin</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stations_of_the_Tide" title="Stations of the Tide">Stations of the Tide</a> by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Swanwick" title="Michael Swanwick">Michael Swanwick</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doomsday_Book_(novel)" title="Doomsday Book (novel)">Doomsday Book</a> by <a href="/wiki/Connie_Willis" title="Connie Willis">Connie Willis</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_trilogy" title="Mars trilogy">Red Mars</a> by <a href="/wiki/Kim_Stanley_Robinson" title="Kim Stanley Robinson">Kim Stanley Robinson</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moving_Mars" title="Moving Mars">Moving Mars</a> by <a href="/wiki/Greg_Bear" title="Greg Bear">Greg Bear</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Terminal_Experiment" title="The Terminal Experiment">The Terminal Experiment</a> by <a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Sawyer" title="Robert J. Sawyer">Robert J. Sawyer</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_River" title="Slow River">Slow River</a> by <a href="/wiki/Nicola_Griffith" title="Nicola Griffith">Nicola Griffith</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Moon_and_the_Sun" title="The Moon and the Sun">The Moon and the Sun</a> by <a href="/wiki/Vonda_N._McIntyre" title="Vonda N. McIntyre">Vonda N. McIntyre</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forever_Peace" title="Forever Peace">Forever Peace</a> by <a href="/wiki/Joe_Haldeman" title="Joe Haldeman">Joe Haldeman</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Talents_(novel)" title="Parable of the Talents (novel)">Parable of the Talents</a> by <a href="/wiki/Octavia_E._Butler" title="Octavia E. Butler">Octavia E. Butler</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Darwin%27s_Radio" title="Darwin's Radio">Darwin's Radio</a> by <a href="/wiki/Greg_Bear" title="Greg Bear">Greg Bear</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Quantum_Rose" title="The Quantum Rose">The Quantum Rose</a> by <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Asaro" title="Catherine Asaro">Catherine Asaro</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Gods" title="American Gods">American Gods</a> by <a href="/wiki/Neil_Gaiman" title="Neil Gaiman">Neil Gaiman</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speed_of_Dark" title="Speed of Dark">Speed of Dark</a> by <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Moon" title="Elizabeth Moon">Elizabeth Moon</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paladin_of_Souls" title="Paladin of Souls">Paladin of Souls</a> by <a href="/wiki/Lois_McMaster_Bujold" title="Lois McMaster Bujold">Lois McMaster Bujold</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camouflage_(novel)" title="Camouflage (novel)">Camouflage</a> by <a href="/wiki/Joe_Haldeman" title="Joe Haldeman">Joe Haldeman</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seeker_(McDevitt_novel)" title="Seeker (McDevitt novel)">Seeker</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jack_McDevitt" title="Jack McDevitt">Jack McDevitt</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Yiddish_Policemen%27s_Union" title="The Yiddish Policemen's Union">The Yiddish Policemen's Union</a> by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Chabon" title="Michael Chabon">Michael Chabon</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powers_(novel)" title="Powers (novel)">Powers</a> by <a href="/wiki/Ursula_K._Le_Guin" title="Ursula K. Le Guin">Ursula K. Le Guin</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Windup_Girl" title="The Windup Girl">The Windup Girl</a> by <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Bacigalupi" title="Paolo Bacigalupi">Paolo Bacigalupi</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackout/All_Clear" title="Blackout/All Clear">Blackout/All Clear</a> by <a href="/wiki/Connie_Willis" title="Connie Willis">Connie Willis</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Among_Others" title="Among Others">Among Others</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jo_Walton" title="Jo Walton">Jo Walton</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2312_(novel)" title="2312 (novel)">2312</a> by <a href="/wiki/Kim_Stanley_Robinson" title="Kim Stanley Robinson">Kim Stanley Robinson</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancillary_Justice" title="Ancillary Justice">Ancillary Justice</a> by <a href="/wiki/Ann_Leckie" title="Ann Leckie">Ann Leckie</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annihilation_(VanderMeer_novel)" title="Annihilation (VanderMeer novel)">Annihilation</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jeff_VanderMeer" title="Jeff VanderMeer">Jeff VanderMeer</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uprooted_(novel)" title="Uprooted (novel)">Uprooted</a> by <a href="/wiki/Naomi_Novik" title="Naomi Novik">Naomi Novik</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_the_Birds_in_the_Sky" title="All the Birds in the Sky">All the Birds in the Sky</a> by <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Jane_Anders" title="Charlie Jane Anders">Charlie Jane Anders</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Stone_Sky" title="The Stone Sky">The Stone Sky</a> by <a href="/wiki/N._K._Jemisin" title="N. K. Jemisin">N. K. Jemisin</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Calculating_Stars" title="The Calculating Stars">The Calculating Stars</a> by <a href="/wiki/Mary_Robinette_Kowal" title="Mary Robinette Kowal">Mary Robinette Kowal</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Song_for_a_New_Day" title="A Song for a New Day">A Song for a New Day</a> by <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Pinsker" title="Sarah Pinsker">Sarah Pinsker</a> (2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2021–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Network_Effect_(novel)" title="Network Effect (novel)">Network Effect</a> by <a href="/wiki/Martha_Wells" title="Martha Wells">Martha Wells</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Master_of_Djinn" title="A Master of Djinn">A Master of Djinn</a> by <a href="/wiki/P._Dj%C3%A8l%C3%AD_Clark" title="P. Djèlí Clark">P. Djèlí Clark</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babel,_or_the_Necessity_of_Violence" title="Babel, or the Necessity of Violence">Babel, or the Necessity of Violence</a> by <a href="/wiki/R._F._Kuang" title="R. F. Kuang">R. F. Kuang</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Saint_of_Bright_Doors" title="The Saint of Bright Doors">The Saint of Bright Doors</a> by <a href="/wiki/Vajra_Chandrasekera" title="Vajra Chandrasekera">Vajra Chandrasekera</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nebula_Award_for_Best_Novelette" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nebula_Award_Best_Novelette" title="Template:Nebula Award Best Novelette"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nebula_Award_Best_Novelette" title="Template talk:Nebula Award Best Novelette"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nebula_Award_Best_Novelette" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nebula Award Best Novelette"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nebula_Award_for_Best_Novelette" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nebula_Award" title="Nebula Award">Nebula Award</a> for <a href="/wiki/Nebula_Award_for_Best_Novelette" title="Nebula Award for Best Novelette">Best Novelette</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1966–1980</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Doors_of_His_Face,_the_Lamps_of_His_Mouth" title="The Doors of His Face, the Lamps of His Mouth">The Doors of His Face, the Lamps of His Mouth</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Roger_Zelazny" title="Roger Zelazny">Roger Zelazny</a> (1966)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Call_Him_Lord" title="Call Him Lord">Call Him Lord</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Gordon_R._Dickson" title="Gordon R. Dickson">Gordon R. Dickson</a> (1967)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Gonna_Roll_the_Bones" title="Gonna Roll the Bones">Gonna Roll the Bones</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Leiber" title="Fritz Leiber">Fritz Leiber</a> (1968)</li> <li>"Mother to the World" by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wilson_(author)" title="Richard Wilson (author)">Richard Wilson</a> (1969)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Time_Considered_as_a_Helix_of_Semi-Precious_Stones" title="Time Considered as a Helix of Semi-Precious Stones">Time Considered as a Helix of Semi-Precious Stones</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Samuel_R._Delany" title="Samuel R. Delany">Samuel R. Delany</a> (1970)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Slow_Sculpture" title="Slow Sculpture">Slow Sculpture</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Sturgeon" title="Theodore Sturgeon">Theodore Sturgeon</a> (1971)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Queen_of_Air_and_Darkness_(novella)" title="The Queen of Air and Darkness (novella)">The Queen of Air and Darkness</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Poul_Anderson" title="Poul Anderson">Poul Anderson</a> (1972)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Goat_Song_(novelette)" title="Goat Song (novelette)">Goat Song</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Poul_Anderson" title="Poul Anderson">Poul Anderson</a> (1973)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Of_Mist,_and_Grass,_and_Sand" title="Of Mist, and Grass, and Sand">Of Mist, and Grass, and Sand</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Vonda_N._McIntyre" title="Vonda N. McIntyre">Vonda N. McIntyre</a> (1974)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/If_the_Stars_Are_Gods" class="mw-redirect" title="If the Stars Are Gods">If the Stars Are Gods</a>", by <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Eklund" title="Gordon Eklund">Gordon Eklund</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Benford" title="Gregory Benford">Gregory Benford</a> (1975)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Lightfoot_Sue" title="San Diego Lightfoot Sue">San Diego Lightfoot Sue</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Tom_Reamy" title="Tom Reamy">Tom Reamy</a> (1976)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Bicentennial_Man" title="The Bicentennial Man">The Bicentennial Man</a>" by <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Isaac Asimov</a> (1977)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Screwfly_Solution" title="The Screwfly Solution">The Screwfly Solution</a>" by <a href="/wiki/James_Tiptree_Jr." title="James Tiptree Jr.">Raccoona Sheldon</a> (1978)</li> <li>"A Glow of Candles, a Unicorn's Eye" by <a href="/wiki/Charles_L._Grant" title="Charles L. Grant">Charles L. Grant</a> (1979)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Sandkings_(novelette)" title="Sandkings (novelette)">Sandkings</a>" by <a href="/wiki/George_R._R._Martin" title="George R. R. Martin">George R. R. Martin</a> (1980)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1981–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"The Ugly Chickens" by <a href="/wiki/Howard_Waldrop" title="Howard Waldrop">Howard Waldrop</a> (1981)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Quickening_(short_story)" title="The Quickening (short story)">The Quickening</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Bishop_(author)" title="Michael Bishop (author)">Michael Bishop</a> (1982)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Fire_Watch_(short_story)" title="Fire Watch (short story)">Fire Watch</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Connie_Willis" title="Connie Willis">Connie Willis</a> (1983)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Blood_Music_(novel)" title="Blood Music (novel)">Blood Music</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Greg_Bear" title="Greg Bear">Greg Bear</a> (1984)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bloodchild_and_Other_Stories" title="Bloodchild and Other Stories">Bloodchild</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Octavia_E._Butler" title="Octavia E. Butler">Octavia Butler</a> (1985)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Portraits_of_His_Children" title="Portraits of His Children">Portraits of His Children</a>" by <a href="/wiki/George_R._R._Martin" title="George R. R. Martin">George R. R. Martin</a> (1986)</li> <li>"The Girl who Fell into the Sky" by <a href="/wiki/Kate_Wilhelm" title="Kate Wilhelm">Kate Wilhelm</a> (1987)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Rachel_in_Love" title="Rachel in Love">Rachel in Love</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Pat_Murphy_(writer)" title="Pat Murphy (writer)">Pat Murphy</a> (1988)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Schr%C3%B6dinger%27s_Kitten" title="Schrödinger's Kitten">Schrödinger's Kitten</a>" by <a href="/wiki/George_Alec_Effinger" title="George Alec Effinger">George Alec Effinger</a> (1989)</li> <li>"At the Rialto" by <a href="/wiki/Connie_Willis" title="Connie Willis">Connie Willis</a> (1990)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Tower_of_Babylon_(story)" title="Tower of Babylon (story)">Tower of Babylon</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Ted_Chiang" title="Ted Chiang">Ted Chiang</a> (1991)</li> <li>"Guide Dog" by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Conner" title="Michael Conner">Michael Conner</a> (1992)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Danny_Goes_to_Mars" title="Danny Goes to Mars">Danny Goes to Mars</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Pamela_Sargent" title="Pamela Sargent">Pamela Sargent</a> (1993)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Georgia_on_My_Mind_(novelette)" title="Georgia on My Mind (novelette)">Georgia on My Mind</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Sheffield" title="Charles Sheffield">Charles Sheffield</a> (1994)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Martian_Child" title="The Martian Child">The Martian Child</a>" by <a href="/wiki/David_Gerrold" title="David Gerrold">David Gerrold</a> (1995)</li> <li>"Solitude" by <a href="/wiki/Ursula_K._Le_Guin" title="Ursula K. Le Guin">Ursula K. Le Guin</a> (1996)</li> <li>"Lifeboat on a Burning Sea" by <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Holland_Rogers" title="Bruce Holland Rogers">Bruce Holland Rogers</a> (1997)</li> <li>"The Flowers of Adult Prison" by <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Kress" title="Nancy Kress">Nancy Kress</a> (1998)</li> <li>"Lost Girls" by <a href="/wiki/Jane_Yolen" title="Jane Yolen">Jane Yolen</a> (1999)</li> <li>"'Mars is No Place for Children", by <a href="/wiki/Mary_Turzillo" title="Mary Turzillo">Mary Turzillo</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"Daddy's World" by <a href="/wiki/Walter_Jon_Williams" title="Walter Jon Williams">Walter Jon Williams</a> (2001)</li> <li>"Louise's Ghost" by <a href="/wiki/Kelly_Link" title="Kelly Link">Kelly Link</a> (2002)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hell_is_the_Absence_of_God" class="mw-redirect" title="Hell is the Absence of God">Hell is the Absence of God</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Ted_Chiang" title="Ted Chiang">Ted Chiang</a> (2003)</li> <li>"The Empire of Ice Cream" by <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Ford" title="Jeffrey Ford">Jeffrey Ford</a> (2004)</li> <li>"Basement Magic" by <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Klages" title="Ellen Klages">Ellen Klages</a> (2005)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Faery_Handbag" title="The Faery Handbag">The Faery Handbag</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Kelly_Link" title="Kelly Link">Kelly Link</a> (2006)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Two_Hearts_(story)" title="Two Hearts (story)">Two Hearts</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Peter_S._Beagle" title="Peter S. Beagle">Peter S. Beagle</a> (2007)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Merchant_and_the_Alchemist%27s_Gate" title="The Merchant and the Alchemist's Gate">The Merchant and the Alchemist's Gate</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Ted_Chiang" title="Ted Chiang">Ted Chiang</a> (2008)</li> <li>"Pride and Prometheus" by <a href="/wiki/John_Kessel" title="John Kessel">John Kessel</a> (2009)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Sinner,_Baker,_Fabulist,_Priest;_Red_Mask,_Black_Mask,_Gentleman,_Beast" title="Sinner, Baker, Fabulist, Priest; Red Mask, Black Mask, Gentleman, Beast">Sinner, Baker, Fabulist, Priest; Red Mask, Black Mask, Gentleman, Beast</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Eugie_Foster" title="Eugie Foster">Eugie Foster</a> (2010)</li> <li>"That Leviathan, Whom Thou Hast Made" by <a href="/wiki/Eric_James_Stone" title="Eric James Stone">Eric James Stone</a> (2011)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/What_We_Found_(short_story)" title="What We Found (short story)">What We Found</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Geoff_Ryman" title="Geoff Ryman">Geoff Ryman</a> (2012)</li> <li>"Close Encounters" by <a href="/wiki/Andy_Duncan_(writer)" title="Andy Duncan (writer)">Andy Duncan</a> (2013)</li> <li>"The Waiting Stars" by <a href="/wiki/Aliette_de_Bodard" title="Aliette de Bodard">Aliette de Bodard</a> (2014)</li> <li>"A Guide to the Fruits of Hawai'i" by <a href="/wiki/Alaya_Dawn_Johnson" title="Alaya Dawn Johnson">Alaya Dawn Johnson</a> (2015)</li> <li>"Our Lady of the Open Road" by <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Pinsker" title="Sarah Pinsker">Sarah Pinsker</a> (2016)</li> <li>"The Long Fall Up" by <a href="/wiki/William_Ledbetter" title="William Ledbetter">William Ledbetter</a> (2017)</li> <li>"A Human Stain" by <a href="/wiki/Kelly_Robson" title="Kelly Robson">Kelly Robson</a> (2018)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Only_Harmless_Great_Thing" title="The Only Harmless Great Thing">The Only Harmless Great Thing</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Brooke_Bolander" title="Brooke Bolander">Brooke Bolander</a> (2019)</li> <li>"Carpe Glitter" by <a href="/wiki/Cat_Rambo" title="Cat Rambo">Cat Rambo</a> (2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2021–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"Two Truths and a Lie" by <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Pinsker" title="Sarah Pinsker">Sarah Pinsker</a> (2021)</li> <li>"O2 Arena" by <a href="/wiki/Oghenechovwe_Donald_Ekpeki" title="Oghenechovwe Donald Ekpeki">Oghenechovwe Donald Ekpeki</a> (2022)</li> <li>"If You Find Yourself Speaking to God, Address God with the Informal You" by <a href="/wiki/John_Chu" title="John Chu">John Chu</a> (2023)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Year_Without_Sunshine" title="The Year Without Sunshine">The Year Without Sunshine</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Naomi_Kritzer" title="Naomi Kritzer">Naomi Kritzer</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Damon_Knight_Memorial_Grand_Master_Awards_(SFWA_Grand_Masters)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Damon_Knight_Memorial_Grand_Master_Awards" title="Template:Damon Knight Memorial Grand Master Awards"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Damon_Knight_Memorial_Grand_Master_Awards" title="Template talk:Damon Knight Memorial Grand Master Awards"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Damon_Knight_Memorial_Grand_Master_Awards" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Damon Knight Memorial Grand Master Awards"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Damon_Knight_Memorial_Grand_Master_Awards_(SFWA_Grand_Masters)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Damon_Knight_Memorial_Grand_Master_Award" title="Damon Knight Memorial Grand Master Award">Damon Knight Memorial Grand Master Awards</a> (SFWA Grand Masters)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1975–1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Heinlein" title="Robert A. Heinlein">Robert A. Heinlein</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Williamson" title="Jack Williamson">Jack Williamson</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clifford_D._Simak" title="Clifford D. Simak">Clifford D. Simak</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._Sprague_de_Camp" title="L. Sprague de Camp">L. Sprague de Camp</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Leiber" title="Fritz Leiber">Fritz Leiber</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andre_Norton" title="Andre Norton">Andre Norton</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Clarke" title="Arthur C. Clarke">Arthur C. Clarke</a> (1986)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Isaac Asimov</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Bester" title="Alfred Bester">Alfred Bester</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury">Ray Bradbury</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lester_del_Rey" title="Lester del Rey">Lester del Rey</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederik_Pohl" title="Frederik Pohl">Frederik Pohl</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damon_Knight" title="Damon Knight">Damon Knight</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._E._van_Vogt" title="A. E. van Vogt">A. E. van Vogt</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Vance" title="Jack Vance">Jack Vance</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poul_Anderson" title="Poul Anderson">Poul Anderson</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hal_Clement" title="Hal Clement">Hal Clement</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Aldiss" title="Brian Aldiss">Brian Aldiss</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Jos%C3%A9_Farmer" title="Philip José Farmer">Philip José Farmer</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ursula_K._Le_Guin" title="Ursula K. Le Guin">Ursula K. Le Guin</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Silverberg" title="Robert Silverberg">Robert Silverberg</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_McCaffrey" title="Anne McCaffrey">Anne McCaffrey</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlan_Ellison" title="Harlan Ellison">Harlan Ellison</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_E._Gunn_(writer)" class="mw-redirect" title="James E. Gunn (writer)">James Gunn</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Moorcock" title="Michael Moorcock">Michael Moorcock</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Harrison_(writer)" title="Harry Harrison (writer)">Harry Harrison</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Haldeman" title="Joe Haldeman">Joe Haldeman</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connie_Willis" title="Connie Willis">Connie Willis</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Wolfe" title="Gene Wolfe">Gene Wolfe</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_R._Delany" title="Samuel R. Delany">Samuel R. Delany</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Niven" title="Larry Niven">Larry Niven</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._J._Cherryh" title="C. J. Cherryh">C. J. Cherryh</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Yolen" title="Jane Yolen">Jane Yolen</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_S._Beagle" title="Peter S. Beagle">Peter S. Beagle</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Gibson" title="William Gibson">William Gibson</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lois_McMaster_Bujold" title="Lois McMaster Bujold">Lois McMaster Bujold</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalo_Hopkinson" title="Nalo Hopkinson">Nalo Hopkinson</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes_Lackey" title="Mercedes Lackey">Mercedes Lackey</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_McKinley" title="Robin McKinley">Robin McKinley</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34981#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000122590564">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/24597135">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/61553/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJbWxdkyxFMBK6D7rM4jG3">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118646109">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80126289">United States</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nb90003414">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118892827">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118892827">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00431834">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV007327">Italy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35009090">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19990000289&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.rsl.ru/F?func=find-b&find_code=SYS&adjacent=Y&local_base=RSL11&request=000079358&CON_LNG=ENG">Russia</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.rsl.ru/F?func=find-b&find_code=SYS&adjacent=Y&local_base=RSL11&request=000082337&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX930549">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/7924">Portugal</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068561504">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90104376">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000040026&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000052287&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=216618">Greece</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00493655?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/921108ff-319f-443e-83eb-3a21a767f7ef">MusicBrainz</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grammy.com/artists/isaac-asimov/1642">Grammy Awards</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/788288">Trove</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118646109.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118646109">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026693054">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10568720">NARA</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w66r2mdv">SNAC</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w68k77n7">2</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Asimov&oldid=1263420392">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Asimov&oldid=1263420392</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Isaac_Asimov" title="Category:Isaac Asimov">Isaac Asimov</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1920_births" title="Category:1920 births">1920 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1992_deaths" 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8.75% 259.694 79 Template:Cite_web"," 4.80% 142.404 78 Template:Catalog_lookup_link"," 4.46% 132.329 2 Template:Ubl"," 4.14% 122.905 2 Template:Marriage"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.751","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":25044951,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n}\n\"\"\ntable#1 {\n}\n\"\"\nanchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREF\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAsimov\"] = 11,\n [\"CITEREFAsimov1965\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAsimov1966\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAsimov1967\"] = 4,\n [\"CITEREFAsimov1968\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAsimov1969\"] = 9,\n [\"CITEREFAsimov1971\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAsimov1972\"] = 14,\n [\"CITEREFAsimov1973\"] = 5,\n [\"CITEREFAsimov1975\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFAsimov1976\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAsimov1979\"] = 13,\n [\"CITEREFAsimov1980\"] = 4,\n [\"CITEREFAsimov1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAsimov1983\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAsimov1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAsimov1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAsimov1988\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFAsimov1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAsimov1991\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFAsimov1992\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFAsimov1994\"] = 12,\n [\"CITEREFAsimov1995\"] = 6,\n [\"CITEREFAsimov1996\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFAsimov2002\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFAsimov2009\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFAsimovAsimov1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAsimovDawson1950\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAsimovPohl1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlackmore\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBock1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBreen1982\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFBretnor1953\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBudrys1965\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChow1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChristian2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCowartWymer1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavin2006\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFDean2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDoleAsimov2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEdgett2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEverts2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFallows1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFreedman2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGale1960\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGale1961\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGohn\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGunn1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGunn1982\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFHines2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHsu2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJenkins\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFKellogg2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKonstantin\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKrugman2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKupperberg2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLatham2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLee2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLewin2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaslin1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoyersFlowers1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNevala-Lee2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNichols1969\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNissani1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNoland1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOhlsson1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPlatt1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSampson2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSeilerHatcher1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSeilerHatcher2014\"] = 4,\n [\"CITEREFSeilerJenkin1994–2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShepherd1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSkelding2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhite2005\"] = 1,\n [\"Calendar\"] = 1,\n [\"Selected_bibliography\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"'\"] = 5,\n [\"'\\\"\"] = 1,\n [\"-\\\"\"] = 1,\n [\"Anchor\"] = 2,\n [\"Asimov essay collections\"] = 1,\n [\"Asimov mystery collections\"] = 1,\n [\"Asimov story collections\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 16,\n [\"Cbignore\"] = 2,\n [\"Circa\"] = 2,\n [\"Citation\"] = 5,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 160,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 6,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 12,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 11,\n [\"Cite thesis\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite video\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 79,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Asimov, Isaac\"] = 1,\n [\"Damon Knight Memorial Grand Master Awards\"] = 1,\n [\"Death date and age\"] = 1,\n [\"EBSCOhost\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 15,\n [\"Foundation series\"] = 1,\n [\"Gutenberg author\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 1,\n [\"Height\"] = 1,\n [\"Hugo Award Best Novel\"] = 1,\n [\"Hugo Award Best Novelette\"] = 1,\n [\"IBList\"] = 1,\n [\"IMDb name\"] = 1,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 1,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 77,\n [\"ISFDB name\"] = 2,\n [\"Inflation\"] = 2,\n [\"Infobox scientist\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox writer\"] = 1,\n [\"Internet Archive author\"] = 1,\n [\"Isaac Asimov novels\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 2,\n [\"Langx\"] = 2,\n [\"Librivox author\"] = 1,\n [\"Locus Award Best Novel\"] = 1,\n [\"Locus Award Best SF Novel\"] = 1,\n [\"Locus Award Best Short Story\"] = 1,\n [\"ME-ref\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 5,\n [\"Marriage\"] = 2,\n [\"More sources needed section\"] = 1,\n [\"Nebula Award Best Novel\"] = 1,\n [\"Nebula Award Best Novelette\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"OL author\"] = 1,\n [\"R\"] = 24,\n [\"Redirect\"] = 2,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 2,\n [\"Refend\"] = 2,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Respell\"] = 1,\n [\"Retro Hugo Award Best Short Story\"] = 1,\n [\"Robot series\"] = 1,\n [\"Robotic laws\"] = 1,\n [\"Rp\"] = 1,\n [\"SS\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfnp\"] = 1,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sister project links\"] = 1,\n [\"Subscription required\"] = 1,\n [\"TOC limit\"] = 1,\n [\"Transliteration\"] = 1,\n [\"Ubl\"] = 2,\n [\"Use American English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 18,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n \"Tolkien19%d%d\",\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","400","20.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","280","14.1"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","160","8.1"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","140","7.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","140","7.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","120","6.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","100","5.1"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","60","3.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","60","3.0"],["(for generator)","40","2.0"],["[others]","480","24.2"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-6cd96847f8-xggh6","timestamp":"20241217105608","ttl":1256641,"transientcontent":true}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Isaac Asimov","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Isaac_Asimov","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q34981","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q34981","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-08-29T03:52:27Z","dateModified":"2024-12-16T15:29:30Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/3\/34\/Isaac.Asimov01.jpg","headline":"American writer and biochemist (1920\u20131992)"}</script> </body> </html>