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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Different types of charters</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Different_types_of_charters-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Different types of charters subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Different_types_of_charters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Anglo-Saxon_charters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anglo-Saxon_charters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Anglo-Saxon charters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anglo-Saxon_charters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Charter_colony" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Charter_colony"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Charter colony</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Charter_colony-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Congressional_charter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Congressional_charter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Congressional charter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Congressional_charter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Municipal_charter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Municipal_charter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Municipal charter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Municipal_charter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Order_charter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Order_charter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Order charter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Order_charter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Project_charter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Project_charter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Project charter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Project_charter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Royal_charter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Royal_charter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Royal charter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Royal_charter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-University_charter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#University_charter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>University charter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-University_charter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inspeximus_charter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inspeximus_charter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Inspeximus charter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inspeximus_charter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corporate_charter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corporate_charter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>Corporate charter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corporate_charter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uprising_charter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uprising_charter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.11</span> <span>Uprising charter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uprising_charter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Charter</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 43 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-43" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">43 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handves" title="Handves – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Handves" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xartiya_(deklarasiya)" title="Xartiya (deklarasiya) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Xartiya (deklarasiya)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Харта – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Харта" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Povelja" title="Povelja – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Povelja" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charta" title="Charta – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Charta" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siarter" title="Siarter – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Siarter" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charter_(politik)" title="Charter (politik) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Charter (politik)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charta" title="Charta – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Charta" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harta" title="Harta – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Harta" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carta_(concesi%C3%B3n)" title="Carta (concesión) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Carta (concesión)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%88arto" title="Ĉarto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĉarto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1_(%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86)" title="منشور (قانون) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="منشور (قانون)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charte" title="Charte – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Charte" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%97%8C%EC%9E%A5" title="헌장 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="헌장" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%89%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Չարտեր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Չարտեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%96" title="राजलेख – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="राजलेख" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Povelja" title="Povelja – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Povelja" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charto" title="Charto – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Charto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piagam" title="Piagam – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Piagam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%27%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%A8_%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%99" title="צ'ארטר חוקי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צ'ארטר חוקי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%81" title="ಸನ್ನದು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸನ್ನದು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ქარტია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ქარტია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Хартия – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Хартия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Хартия – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Хартия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklev%C3%A9l" title="Oklevél – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Oklevél" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Грамота – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Грамота" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charter_(hedendaags)" title="Charter (hedendaags) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Charter (hedendaags)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%86%B2%E7%AB%A0" title="憲章 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="憲章" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charter" title="Charter – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Charter" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1" title="منشور – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="منشور" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%BC%D9%87" title="آرپاڼه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="آرپاڼه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outorga" title="Outorga – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Outorga" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Хартия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хартия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%BD%D8%B1" title="چارٽر – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="چارٽر" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%95%DA%B5%DA%AF%DB%95%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B3%DB%95%DA%B5%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="بەڵگەنامەی دەسەڵات – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بەڵگەنامەی دەسەڵات" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Грамата – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Грамата" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Povelja" title="Povelja – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Povelja" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privilegiebrev" title="Privilegiebrev – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Privilegiebrev" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anayasal_bildirge" title="Anayasal bildirge – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Anayasal bildirge" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Хартія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хартія" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Charter_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Charter (disambiguation)">Charter (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Grant of authority or rights</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Magna_Carta_(British_Library_Cotton_MS_Augustus_II.106).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Magna_Carta_%28British_Library_Cotton_MS_Augustus_II.106%29.jpg/300px-Magna_Carta_%28British_Library_Cotton_MS_Augustus_II.106%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Magna_Carta_%28British_Library_Cotton_MS_Augustus_II.106%29.jpg/450px-Magna_Carta_%28British_Library_Cotton_MS_Augustus_II.106%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Magna_Carta_%28British_Library_Cotton_MS_Augustus_II.106%29.jpg/600px-Magna_Carta_%28British_Library_Cotton_MS_Augustus_II.106%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7200" data-file-height="4800" /></a><figcaption>An example of a charter (<i><a href="/wiki/Magna_Carta" title="Magna Carta">Magna Carta</a></i>).</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>charter</b> is the grant of <a href="/wiki/Authority" title="Authority">authority</a> or <a href="/wiki/Rights" title="Rights">rights</a>, stating that the granter formally recognizes the <a href="/wiki/Prerogative" title="Prerogative">prerogative</a> of the recipient to exercise the rights specified. It is implicit that the granter retains superiority (or <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereignty</a>), and that the recipient admits a limited (or inferior) status within the relationship, and it is within that sense that charters were historically granted, and it is that sense which is retained in modern usage of the term. In early medieval Britain, charters transferred land from donors to recipients. </p><p>The word entered the <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English language</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Old_French" title="Old French">Old French</a> <i><span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang">charte</i></span></i>, via <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">charta</i></span></i>, and ultimately from <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Greek</a> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc-Grek" style="font-style: normal;">χάρτης</span></span> (<i><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">khartes</i></span></i>, meaning "layer of papyrus"). It has come to be synonymous with a document that sets out a grant of rights or privileges. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_usages">Other usages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charter&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Other usages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term is used for a special case (or as an exception) of an institutional charter. A <a href="/wiki/Charter_school" title="Charter school">charter school</a>, for example, is one that has different rules, regulations, and statutes from a state school. </p><p>Charter can be used as a synonym for "hire" or "lease", as in the "charter" of a <a href="/wiki/Charter_bus" class="mw-redirect" title="Charter bus">bus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charter_boat" class="mw-redirect" title="Charter boat">boat</a> or <a href="/wiki/Charter_plane" class="mw-redirect" title="Charter plane">plane</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <b>charter member</b> (US English) of an organization is an original member; that is, one who became a member when the organization received its charter.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <b>chartered member</b> (British English) is a member who holds an <a href="/wiki/Chartered_(professional)" title="Chartered (professional)">individual chartered designation</a> authorized under that organization's royal charter.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Different_types_of_charters">Different types of charters</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charter&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Different types of charters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anglo-Saxon_charters">Anglo-Saxon charters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charter&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Anglo-Saxon charters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_charters" title="Anglo-Saxon charters">Anglo-Saxon charters</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Charter" title="Special:EditPage/Charter">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><p><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxons" title="Anglo-Saxons">Anglo-Saxon</a> charters are documents from the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Anglo-Saxon_England" title="History of Anglo-Saxon England">early medieval period</a> in <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Britain</a> which typically make a grant of <a href="/wiki/Real_Estate" class="mw-redirect" title="Real Estate">land</a> or record a privilege. They are usually written on <a href="/wiki/Parchment" title="Parchment">parchment</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> but often with sections in the vernacular, describing the bounds of estates, which often correspond closely to modern parish boundaries. The earliest surviving charters were drawn up in the 670s; the oldest surviving charters granted land to the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Church</a>, but from the 8th century surviving charters were increasingly used to grant land to <a href="/wiki/Lay_person" class="mw-redirect" title="Lay person">lay people</a>. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Charter_colony">Charter colony</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charter&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Charter colony"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Charter_colony" title="Charter colony">Charter colony</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chartered_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Chartered company">Chartered company</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> used three main types of colonies as it sought to expand its territory to distant parts of the earth. These three types were royal colonies, <a href="/wiki/Proprietary_colonies" class="mw-redirect" title="Proprietary colonies">proprietary colonies</a>, and corporate colonies. A charter colony by definition is a "colony chartered to an individual, trading company, etc., by the <a href="/wiki/British_crown" class="mw-redirect" title="British crown">British crown</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although charter colonies were not the most prevalent of the three types of colonies in the British Empire, they were by no means insignificant. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Congressional_charter">Congressional charter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charter&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Congressional charter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Congressional_charter" title="Congressional charter">Congressional charter</a></div> <p>A <b>congressional charter</b> is a law passed by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a> that states the mission, authority, and activities of a group. Congress issued federal charters from 1791 until 1992 under <a href="/wiki/Title_36_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 36 of the United States Code">Title 36 of the United States Code</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Municipal_charter">Municipal charter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charter&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Municipal charter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Municipal_charter" title="Municipal charter">Municipal charter</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Privilegiebrev_f%C3%B6r_Viborg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Privilegiebrev_f%C3%B6r_Viborg.jpg/220px-Privilegiebrev_f%C3%B6r_Viborg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Privilegiebrev_f%C3%B6r_Viborg.jpg/330px-Privilegiebrev_f%C3%B6r_Viborg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Privilegiebrev_f%C3%B6r_Viborg.jpg/440px-Privilegiebrev_f%C3%B6r_Viborg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1826" data-file-height="1171" /></a><figcaption>Swedish-language charter for the city of <a href="/wiki/Vyborg" title="Vyborg">Viborg</a> from 1403</figcaption></figure> <p>A <i>municipal corporation</i> is the legal term for a <a href="/wiki/Local_government" title="Local government">local governing body</a>, including (but not necessarily limited to) <a href="/wiki/City" title="City">cities</a>, <a href="/wiki/County" title="County">counties</a>, <a href="/wiki/Town" title="Town">towns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Township" title="Township">townships</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charter_township" title="Charter township">charter townships</a>, <a href="/wiki/Village" title="Village">villages</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Borough" title="Borough">boroughs</a>. <i>Municipal incorporation</i> occurs when such <a href="/wiki/Municipality" title="Municipality">municipalities</a> become self-governing entities under the laws of the state or province in which they are located. Often, this event is marked by the award or declaration of a municipal charter, a term used because municipal power was historically granted by the sovereign, by <a href="#Royal_charter">royal charter</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Order_charter">Order charter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charter&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Order charter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Charters for <a href="/wiki/Chivalric_order" class="mw-redirect" title="Chivalric order">chivalric orders</a> and other orders, such as the <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Sovereign Military Order of Malta</a>. </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Phaleristics" title="Template:Phaleristics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Phaleristics" title="Template talk:Phaleristics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Phaleristics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Phaleristics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Phaleristics708" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Phaleristics" title="Phaleristics">Phaleristics</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_sciences_of_history" title="Auxiliary sciences of history">Auxiliary science of history</a> and <a href="/wiki/Numismatics" title="Numismatics">numismatics</a> about <a href="/wiki/Order_(distinction)" title="Order (distinction)">orders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Award" title="Award">decorations</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Medal" title="Medal">medals</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Distinctions</i><br />(<a href="/wiki/Lists_of_awards" title="Lists of awards">Lists</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By conferee</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fount_of_honour" title="Fount of honour">Founts of honour</a>*</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_decoration" title="State decoration">States</a> <ul><li>and their national/public/official authorities</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynastic_order" title="Dynastic order">Dynasties</a> <ul><li>heads of currently or formerly sovereign royal families</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Private</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_award" title="Ecclesiastical award">Ecclesiastical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization" title="Organization">Organisations</a></li> <li>Commercial</li> <li><small>(<a href="/wiki/Self-styled_order" title="Self-styled order">Self-styled order</a>)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By type</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Order_(distinction)" title="Order (distinction)">Orders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_chivalry" title="Order of chivalry">Order of chivalry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_order_(religious_society)" title="Military order (religious society)">Military order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_order_of_chivalry" title="Colonial order of chivalry">Colonial order</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_merit" title="Order of merit">Order of merit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_family_order" title="Royal family order">Royal family order</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Titles_(Styles,Post-nominal)136" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Title_of_honor" title="Title of honor">Titles</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Style_(form_of_address)" title="Style (form of address)">Styles</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Post-nominal_letters" title="Post-nominal letters">Post-nominal</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="By_function11" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By function</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_master_(order)" title="Grand master (order)">Grand master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chancellor" title="Chancellor">Chancellor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treasurer" title="Treasurer">Treasurer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assessor_(law)" title="Assessor (law)">Assessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bailiff_(order)" title="Bailiff (order)">Bailiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prior_(ecclesiastical)" title="Prior (ecclesiastical)">Prior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaplain#Other" title="Chaplain">Chaplain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_ceremonies" title="Master of ceremonies">Master of ceremonies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Cross" title="Grand Cross">Grand Cross</a> / <i>Grand Cordon</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commander_(order)" title="Commander (order)">Commander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_chivalry#Typical_insignia_and_ranks" title="Order of chivalry">Officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller" title="Knights Hospitaller">Hospitaller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knight" title="Knight">Knight</a>/<a href="/wiki/Dame" title="Dame">Dame</a></li> <li>Postulant <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Squire" title="Squire">Squire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Page_(servant)" title="Page (servant)">Page</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jurisdiction" title="Jurisdiction">Jurisdictions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Order_charter">Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bailiwick" title="Bailiwick">Bailiwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapter_(religion)" title="Chapter (religion)">Chapter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commandery" title="Commandery">Commandery</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vow_of_obedience" title="Vow of obedience">Obedience</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge" title="Grand Lodge">Grand Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masonic_lodge" title="Masonic lodge">Lodge</a></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_awards" title="Lists of awards">Others,<br />by field</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Military_awards_and_decorations" title="Military awards and decorations">Military</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_military_decorations" title="List of military decorations">List</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest_military_decorations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of highest military decorations">List of highest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_medal" title="Campaign medal">Campaign medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_law_enforcement_awards_and_honors" title="List of law enforcement awards and honors">Law enforcement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Civil_awards_and_decorations" title="Civil awards and decorations">Civilian</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_civil_awards_and_decorations" title="List of civil awards and decorations">List</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_for_contributions_to_society" title="List of awards for contributions to society">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_peace_prizes" title="List of peace prizes">Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_intellectual_freedom_awards" title="List of intellectual freedom awards">Intellectual freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_human_rights_awards" title="List of human rights awards">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_legal_awards" title="List of legal awards">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_humanitarian_and_service_awards" title="List of humanitarian and service awards">Humanitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_politics_awards" title="List of politics awards">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volunteer_awards" class="mw-redirect" title="List of volunteer awards">Volunteer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_for_contributions_to_culture" title="List of awards for contributions to culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_architecture_awards" title="List of architecture awards">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_art_awards" title="Lists of art awards">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_film_awards" title="List of film awards">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_history_awards" title="List of history awards">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_literary_awards" title="List of literary awards">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_award" title="Music award">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_philosophy_awards" title="List of philosophy awards">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_poetry_awards" title="List of poetry awards">Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_theatre_awards" title="List of theatre awards">Theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_science_and_technology_awards" title="Lists of science and technology awards">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religion-related_awards" title="List of religion-related awards">Religion-related</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_decoration" title="Ecclesiastical decoration">Ecclesiastical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sport_awards" title="List of sport awards">Sports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest_awards_in_Scouting" class="mw-redirect" title="List of highest awards in Scouting">Scouting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beauty_pageants" title="List of beauty pageants">Beauty</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By <a href="/wiki/Insignia" title="Insignia">insignia</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_named_after_people" title="List of awards named after people">Named after <br />people</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">For wearing<br /><i>(decorations)</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Formal_wear" title="Formal wear">Formal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chelengk" title="Chelengk">Chelengk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collar_(order)" title="Collar (order)">Collar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Livery_collar" title="Livery collar">Livery collar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Cross" title="Grand Cross">Grand Cross</a> / <i>Grand Cordon</i> <ul><li>with <a href="/wiki/Sash" title="Sash">sash</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medal" title="Medal">Medal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Necklet" title="Necklet">Necklet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medal_bar" title="Medal bar">Medal bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medal_ribbon" title="Medal ribbon">Medal ribbon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robe_of_honour" title="Robe of honour">Robe of honour</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tiraz" title="Tiraz">Tiraz</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rosette_(decoration)" title="Rosette (decoration)">Rosette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Award_pin" title="Award pin">Award pin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lapel_pin" title="Lapel pin">Lapel pin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collar_pin" title="Collar pin">Collar pin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tie_pin" title="Tie pin">Tie pin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badge" title="Badge">Badge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heraldic_badge" title="Heraldic badge">Heraldic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilgrim_badge" title="Pilgrim badge">Pilgrim</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Championship_belt" title="Championship belt">Championship belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embroidered_patch" title="Embroidered patch">Embroidered patch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epaulette" title="Epaulette">Epaulette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribbon" title="Ribbon">Ribbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_(jewellery)" title="Ring (jewellery)">Ring</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Championship_ring" title="Championship ring">Championship ring</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pin-back_button" title="Pin-back button">Button</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_button" title="Campaign button">Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_lapel_button_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Service lapel button (disambiguation)">Service</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoulder_mark" title="Shoulder mark">Shoulder mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tie_clip" title="Tie clip">Tie clip</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prize" title="Prize">Prizes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Booby_prize" title="Booby prize">Booby prize</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wooden_spoon_(award)" title="Wooden spoon (award)">Wooden spoon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deal_toy" title="Deal toy">Deal toy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaquette" title="Plaquette">Plaquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prize_book" title="Prize book">Prize book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prize_money" title="Prize money">Prize money</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prize_of_war" title="Prize of war">Prize of war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_trophy" title="War trophy">War trophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trophy_collecting" title="Human trophy collecting">Human trophy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosette_(award)" title="Rosette (award)">Rosette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trophy" title="Trophy">Trophy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acrylic_trophy" title="Acrylic trophy">Acrylic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participation_trophy" title="Participation trophy">Participation</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_prizes_known_as_the_Nobel_of_a_field_or_the_highest_honors_of_a_field" class="mw-redirect" title="List of prizes known as the Nobel of a field or the highest honors of a field">Prizes known as the Nobel of a field</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Star_of_the_Garter.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/Star_of_the_Garter.svg/80px-Star_of_the_Garter.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/Star_of_the_Garter.svg/120px-Star_of_the_Garter.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/Star_of_the_Garter.svg/160px-Star_of_the_Garter.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="89" data-file-height="89" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chevalier_l%C3%A9gion_d%27honneur_2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Chevalier_l%C3%A9gion_d%27honneur_2.png/80px-Chevalier_l%C3%A9gion_d%27honneur_2.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Chevalier_l%C3%A9gion_d%27honneur_2.png/120px-Chevalier_l%C3%A9gion_d%27honneur_2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Chevalier_l%C3%A9gion_d%27honneur_2.png/160px-Chevalier_l%C3%A9gion_d%27honneur_2.png 2x" data-file-width="166" data-file-height="411" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nobel_Prize.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/80px-Nobel_Prize.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/120px-Nobel_Prize.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/160px-Nobel_Prize.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></a></span><br /><br /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ceremonies <br />and events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accolade" title="Accolade">Accolade</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vigil#Medieval_knights" title="Vigil">Vigil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feoffment" title="Feoffment">Feoffment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passage_fee" title="Passage fee">Passage fee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festival" title="Festival">Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vow" title="Vow">Vow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collar_day" title="Collar day">Collar day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related <br />organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fraternity" title="Fraternity">Fraternity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confraternity" title="Confraternity">Confraternity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraternal_order" title="Fraternal order">Fraternal order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraternities_and_sororities" title="Fraternities and sororities">Fraternities and sororities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secret_society" title="Secret society">Secret society</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guild" title="Guild">Guild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syndicate" title="Syndicate">Syndicate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Learned_society" title="Learned society">Learned society</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fellow" title="Fellow">Fellowship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honor_society" title="Honor society">Honor society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hereditary_and_lineage_organizations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of hereditary and lineage organizations">Hereditary society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Club_(organization)" title="Club (organization)">Club</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gentlemen%27s_club" title="Gentlemen's club">Gentlemen's club</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Commission_for_Orders_of_Chivalry" title="International Commission for Orders of Chivalry">International Commission for Orders of Chivalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_organization" title="Magical organization">Magical organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_order" title="Religious order">Religious order</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related <br />concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chivalry" title="Chivalry">Chivalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numismatics" title="Numismatics">Numismatics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraldry" title="Heraldry">Heraldry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vexillology" title="Vexillology">Vexillology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Service_flag" title="Service flag">Service flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_honour" title="Battle honour">Battle honour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_streamer" title="Campaign streamer">Campaign streamer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">Nobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_precedence" title="Order of precedence">Order of precedence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taonga" title="Taonga">Taonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honorary_degree" title="Honorary degree">Honorary degree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devotional_medal" title="Devotional medal">Devotional medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awareness_ribbon" title="Awareness ribbon">Awareness ribbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_of_conduct" title="Code of conduct">Code of conduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_of_honor" title="Code of honor">Code of honor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_society" title="High society">High society</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><small>* = Direct or indirect reference to <a href="/wiki/Fount_of_honour" title="Fount of honour">fount of honour</a> is the accepted criterion for official distinctions</small></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Orders,_decorations,_and_medals" title="Category:Orders, decorations, and medals">Category:Orders, decorations, and medals</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Orders,_decorations,_and_medals" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Orders, decorations, and medals">Wikipedia:WikiProject Orders, decorations, and medals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Awards" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Awards">Wikipedia:WikiProject Awards</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Project_charter">Project charter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charter&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Project charter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Project_charter" title="Project charter">Project charter</a></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Project_management" title="Project management">project management</a>, a <b>project charter</b> or <b>project definition</b> (sometimes called the <a href="/wiki/Terms_of_reference" title="Terms of reference">terms of reference</a>) is provided by the sponsor to formally authorize the existence of a project. It provides a preliminary delineation of roles and responsibilities, outlines the project purpose and objectives, identifies key stakeholders, and defines the authority of the project manager. It serves as a reference of authority for future planning of the project. The project scope is developed from the project charter. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Royal_charter">Royal charter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charter&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Royal charter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Royal_charter" title="Royal charter">Royal charter</a></div> <p>In medieval Europe, royal charters were used to create cities (i.e., localities with recognised legal rights and privileges). The date that such a charter was granted is considered to be when a city was "founded", regardless of when the locality originally began to be settled. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Charter_of_1814" title="Charter of 1814">Charter of 1814</a>, France's constitution during the <a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France" title="Bourbon Restoration in France">Bourbon Restoration</a>, was thus called to promote the legal fiction that the King had granted it "voluntarily, and by the free exercise of [his] royal authority", in the manner of medieval charters. </p><p>At one time a royal charter was the only way in which an incorporated body could be formed, but other means (such as the registration process for <a href="/wiki/Limited_company" title="Limited company">limited companies</a>) are generally now used instead. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="University_charter">University charter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charter&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: University charter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/University_charter" title="University charter">University charter</a></div> <p>A university charter is a charter issued to create or recognise a university. The form of charter used varies by period and jurisdiction.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inspeximus_charter">Inspeximus charter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charter&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Inspeximus charter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A charter of "<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Inspeximus</i></span>" (Latin, literally "We have inspected") is frequently a royal charter, by which an earlier charter or series of charters relating to a particular foundation (such as a monastery or a guild) was recited and incorporated into a new charter, usually in order to confirm and renew its validity under present authority. Where the original documents are lost, an inspeximus charter may sometimes preserve their texts and lists of witnesses. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Corporate_charter">Corporate charter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charter&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Corporate charter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>See <a href="/wiki/Articles_of_association" title="Articles of association">Articles of association</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uprising_charter">Uprising charter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charter&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Uprising charter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the context of a political uprising, a charter might lay out the basic principles and goals of the movement, define the organizational structure of the movement, and describe the roles and responsibilities of its members.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charter&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Balance,_by_David.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/40px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/60px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/120px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="558" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Law" title="Portal:Law">Law portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Articles_of_association" title="Articles of association">Articles of association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Charter" title="Atlantic Charter">Atlantic Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Certificate_of_incorporation" title="Certificate of incorporation">Certificate of incorporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charter_Roll" title="Charter Roll">Charter Roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charter_school" title="Charter school">Charter school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartered_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Chartered company">Chartered company</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Collegium_(ancient_Rome)" title="Collegium (ancient Rome)">Collegium</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_Charter" title="Earth Charter">Earth Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Charter" title="Freedom Charter">Freedom Charter</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fueros" class="mw-redirect" title="Fueros">Fueros</a></i> (Spanish version)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_incorporation_law" class="mw-redirect" title="General incorporation law">General incorporation law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magna_Carta" title="Magna Carta">Magna Carta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Bulgarian_royal_charters" title="Medieval Bulgarian royal charters">Medieval Bulgarian royal charters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_Bull" class="mw-redirect" title="Papal Bull">Papal Bull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Charter" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Charter">United Nations Charter</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charter&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190824233405/https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/charter">"charter"</a>. <i>Lexico</i>. Oxford University Press. 2. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/charter">the original</a> on August 24, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lexico&rft.atitle=charter&rft.pages=2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fen%2Fdefinition%2Fcharter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190824233402/https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/charter_member">"charter member"</a>. <i>Lexico</i>. Oxford University Press. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/charter_member">the original</a> on August 24, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lexico&rft.atitle=charter+member&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fen%2Fdefinition%2Fcharter_member&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190824233403/https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/chartered">"chartered"</a>. <i>Lexico</i>. Oxford University Press. 1.1. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/chartered">the original</a> on August 24, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lexico&rft.atitle=chartered&rft.pages=1.1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fen%2Fdefinition%2Fchartered&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://privycouncil.independent.gov.uk/royal-charters/">"Royal Charters"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Privy Council of the United Kingdom">Privy Council of the United Kingdom</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Privy+Council+of+the+United+Kingdom&rft.atitle=Royal+Charters&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprivycouncil.independent.gov.uk%2Froyal-charters%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/charter%20colony">charter colony - Definitions from Dictionary.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPhyllis_Riddle1993" class="citation journal cs1">Phyllis Riddle (Spring 1993). "Political Authority and University Formation in Europe, 1200-1800". <i>Sociological Perspectives</i>. <b>36</b> (1). <a href="/wiki/SAGE_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="SAGE Publications">SAGE Publications</a>: <span class="nowrap">49–</span>50. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1389441">10.2307/1389441</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1389441">1389441</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143493887">143493887</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sociological+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Political+Authority+and+University+Formation+in+Europe%2C+1200-1800&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E49-%3C%2Fspan%3E50&rft.date=1993&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143493887%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1389441%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1389441&rft.au=Phyllis+Riddle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iranianscholarsforliberty.com/publications/political-documents">Political Documents - Iranian Scholars for Liberty</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charter&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Kemp,Roger L., "Model Government Charters: A City, County, Regional, State, and Federal Handbook", McFarland and Co., Inc., Publisher, Jefferson, NC, and London, ENG (2007). (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-3154-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-3154-0">978-0-7864-3154-0</a>).</li> <li>Kemp, Roger L., "<a href="//archive.org/details/documentsofameri0000unse_p3d7" class="extiw" title="iarchive:documentsofameri0000unse p3d7">Documents of American Democracy: A Collection of Essential Works</a>", McFarland and Co., Inc., Jefferson, NC, and London, ENG. (2010). (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-4210-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-4210-2">978-0-7864-4210-2</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charter&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Charters" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Charters">Charters</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/20px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> The dictionary definition of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/charter" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/charter"><i>charter</i></a> at Wiktionary</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Law519" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Law" title="Template:Law"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Law" title="Template talk:Law"><abbr title="Discuss this 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style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lawmaking" title="Lawmaking">Law making</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Referendum" title="Referendum">Ballot measure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codification_(law)" title="Codification (law)">Codification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decree" title="Decree">Decree</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edict" title="Edict">Edict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_order_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Executive order (disambiguation)">Executive order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proclamation" title="Proclamation">Proclamation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislation" title="Legislation">Legislation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Primary_and_secondary_legislation" title="Primary and secondary legislation">Delegated legislation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulation" title="Regulation">Regulation</a></li> 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href="/wiki/List_of_national_legal_systems" title="List of national legal systems">Legal systems</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_law_(legal_system)" title="Civil law (legal system)">Civil law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_law" title="Common law">Common law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_law" title="Chinese law">Chinese law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_pluralism" title="Legal pluralism">Legal pluralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_law" title="Religious law">Religious law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canon_law" title="Canon law">Canon law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canon_law_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Canon law of the Catholic Church">Catholic canon law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_law" title="Hindu law">Hindu law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_law" title="Jain law">Jain law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha">Jewish law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsi_law" title="Parsi law">Parsi law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">Sharia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_law" title="Roman law">Roman law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_law" title="Byzantine law">Byzantine law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_law" title="Socialist law">Socialist law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statutory_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Statutory law">Statutory law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xeer" title="Xeer">Xeer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yassa" title="Yassa">Yassa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Legal theory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_law" title="Anarchist law">Anarchist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contract_theory" title="Contract theory">Contract 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title="Pseudolaw">Pseudolaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_law" title="Rule of law">Rule of law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_man" title="Rule of man">Rule of man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_law" title="Sociology of law">Sociology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jurisprudence" title="Jurisprudence">Jurisprudence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adjudication" title="Adjudication">Adjudication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administration_of_justice" title="Administration of justice">Administration of justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutionalism" title="Constitutionalism">Constitutionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_justice" title="Criminal justice">Criminal justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court-martial" 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