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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Example.of.complex.text.rendering.svg/40px-Example.of.complex.text.rendering.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Example.of.complex.text.rendering.svg/60px-Example.of.complex.text.rendering.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Example.of.complex.text.rendering.svg/80px-Example.of.complex.text.rendering.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="58" data-file-height="28" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/Brahmic_scripts" title="Brahmic scripts">Indic text</a>.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:Multilingual_support_(Indic)" title="Help:Multilingual support (Indic)">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Mojibake" title="Mojibake">question marks or boxes</a>, misplaced vowels or missing conjuncts instead of Indic text.</div></div> </div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Halmidi_OldKannada_inscription.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Halmidi_OldKannada_inscription.JPG/180px-Halmidi_OldKannada_inscription.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Halmidi_OldKannada_inscription.JPG/270px-Halmidi_OldKannada_inscription.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Halmidi_OldKannada_inscription.JPG/360px-Halmidi_OldKannada_inscription.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1144" data-file-height="1818" /></a><figcaption>A replica of the original Halmidi inscription at <a href="/wiki/Halmidi" title="Halmidi">Halmidi</a> village</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Halmidi inscription</b> is the oldest known <a href="/wiki/Kannada_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kannada language">Kannada-language</a> inscription in the <a href="/wiki/Kadamba_script" title="Kadamba script">Kadamba script</a>. While estimates vary slightly, the inscription is often dated to between 450 CE - 500 CE. The inscription was discovered in 1936 by Dr. <a href="/wiki/M._H._Krishna" title="M. H. Krishna">M. H. Krishna</a>, the Director of Archaeology of the (princely) State of Mysore (present-day <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a> region of India), in <a href="/wiki/Halmidi" title="Halmidi">Halmidi</a>, a village in the <a href="/wiki/Hassan,_Karnataka" title="Hassan, Karnataka">Hassan district</a>. </p><p>The original inscription is kept in the Office of the Director of Archaeology and Museums, Govt. of Karnataka, Mysore,<sup id="cite_ref-Gai_1992_297_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gai_1992_297-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a <a href="/wiki/Fibreglass" class="mw-redirect" title="Fibreglass">fibreglass</a> replica has been installed in Halmidi. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discovery_and_dating">Discovery and dating</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halmidi_inscription&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Discovery and dating"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In a report published in a Mysore Archaeological Department Report (MAR) in 1936, Krishna dated the inscription to 450 AD, on paleographical grounds.<sup id="cite_ref-Gai_1992_297_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gai_1992_297-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later scholars have variously dated the inscription to 450 AD,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 470 AD,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 500 AD,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "about 500",<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "end of the fifth century A. D. or the beginning of the 6th century A.D."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Epigraphist, <a href="/wiki/D._C._Sircar" class="mw-redirect" title="D. C. Sircar">D. C. Sircar</a> has dated the inscription to "about the end of the 6th century."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Epigraphist, K. V. Ramesh has written about the differing estimates: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>And I attribute the origin of this doubt in their minds to the fact that scholars, even the reputed ones, have held differing views, mostly to prop up their preconceived notions, on the palaeographical dating of any given undated or insufficiently dated inscriptions. ... The undated Halmidi (Hassan District, Karnataka) inscription, allegedly written during the reign of Kadamba Kakusthavarman, is taken by some scholars to belong, on palaeographical grounds, to the middle of the 5th century AD, while a few other scholars have held, on the same grounds of palaeography, that it is as late as the second half of the 6th century A.D.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>K. V. Ramesh<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>He also hypothesized that, compared to possibly contemporaneous Sanskrit inscriptions, "Halmidi inscription has letters which are unsettled and uncultivated, no doubt giving an impression, or rather an illusion, even to the trained eye, that it is, in date, later than the period to which it really belongs, namely the fifth century A.D."<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Epigraphist <a href="/wiki/G._S._Gai" title="G. S. Gai">G. S. Gai</a> however disagrees with the view that Halmidi is a record of the Kadamba dynasty identified with King Kadamba Kakusthavarman. According to (<a href="#CITEREFGai1992">Gai 1992</a>), the inscription, which is dedicated to "Kadambapan Kakustha-Bhaṭṭōran," refers to another ruler, Kakustha of the Bhaṭāri family, who is explicitly identified in line 13, "<span title="Kannada-language text"><i lang="kn-Latn">baṭāri-kuladōn=āḷu-kadamban</i></span>;" in addition, the inscription does not "include any of the epithets like <span title="Kannada-language text"><i lang="kn-Latn">Mānavya-gōtra</i></span>, <span title="Kannada-language text"><i lang="kn-Latn">Hāritī-putra</i></span>, and most important <span title="Kannada-language text"><i lang="kn-Latn">Dharma-maharājā</i></span>"<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that are a part of all Kadamba inscriptions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Textual_analysis">Textual analysis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halmidi_inscription&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Textual analysis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Halmidi_oldKannada_inscription_mounted.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Halmidi_oldKannada_inscription_mounted.JPG/150px-Halmidi_oldKannada_inscription_mounted.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Halmidi_oldKannada_inscription_mounted.JPG/225px-Halmidi_oldKannada_inscription_mounted.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Halmidi_oldKannada_inscription_mounted.JPG/300px-Halmidi_oldKannada_inscription_mounted.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1228" data-file-height="1818" /></a><figcaption>The replica of the Halmidi inscription mounted on a pedestal</figcaption></figure> <p>The inscription is in <a href="/wiki/Verse_(poetry)" title="Verse (poetry)">verse</a> form indicating the authors of the inscription had a good sense of the language structure.<sup id="cite_ref-verse_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-verse-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The inscription is written in pre-old Kannada (<i>Puruvada-hala Kannada</i>), which later evolved into old Kannada, middle Kannada and eventually modern Kannada.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Halmidi inscription is the earliest evidence of the usage of Kannada as an administrative language.<sup id="cite_ref-admin_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-admin-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Text">Text</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halmidi_inscription&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Text"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Halmidi_inscription_translation.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Halmidi_inscription_translation.JPG/150px-Halmidi_inscription_translation.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Halmidi_inscription_translation.JPG/225px-Halmidi_inscription_translation.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Halmidi_inscription_translation.JPG/300px-Halmidi_inscription_translation.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>The Halmidi inscription transliterated into modern Kannada script</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Halmidi_oldKannada_inscription_translation1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Halmidi_oldKannada_inscription_translation1.JPG/150px-Halmidi_oldKannada_inscription_translation1.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Halmidi_oldKannada_inscription_translation1.JPG/225px-Halmidi_oldKannada_inscription_translation1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Halmidi_oldKannada_inscription_translation1.JPG/300px-Halmidi_oldKannada_inscription_translation1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1818" data-file-height="1228" /></a><figcaption>The Halmidi inscription translated into modern Kannada language</figcaption></figure> <p>The pillar on which the inscription was written stands around 4 feet (1.2 m) high. The following lines are carved on the front of the pillar: </p><p>1. <span title="Kannada-language text"><i lang="kn-Latn">jayati śri-pariṣvāṅga-śārṅga vyānatir-acytāḥ dānav-akṣṇōr-yugānt-āgniḥ śiṣṭānān=tu sudarśanaḥ</i></span> <br /> 2. <span title="Kannada-language text"><i lang="kn-Latn">namaḥ śrīmat=kadaṁbapan=tyāga-saṁpannan kalabhōranā ari ka-</i></span> <br /> 3. <span title="Kannada-language text"><i lang="kn-Latn">kustha-bhaṭṭōran=āḷe naridāviḷe-nāḍuḷ mṛgēśa-nā-</i></span> <br /> 4. <span title="Kannada-language text"><i lang="kn-Latn">gēndr-ābhiḷar=bhbhaṭahar=appor śrī mṛgēśa-nāgāhvaya-</i></span> <br /> 5. <span title="Kannada-language text"><i lang="kn-Latn">r=irrvar=ā baṭari-kul-āmala-vyōma-tārādhi-nāthann=aḷapa-</i></span> <br /> 6. <span title="Kannada-language text"><i lang="kn-Latn">gaṇa-paśupatiy=ā dakṣiṇāpatha-bahu-śata-havan=ā-</i></span> <br /> 7. <span title="Kannada-language text"><i lang="kn-Latn">havuduḷ paśupradāna-śauryyōdyama-bharitōn=dāna pa-</i></span> <br /> 8. <span title="Kannada-language text"><i lang="kn-Latn">śupatiyendu pogaḷeppoṭṭaṇa paśupati-</i></span> <br /> 9. <span title="Kannada-language text"><i lang="kn-Latn">nāmadhēyan=āsarakk=ella-bhaṭariyā prēmālaya-</i></span> <br /> 10. <span title="Kannada-language text"><i lang="kn-Latn">sutange sēndraka-bāṇ=ōbhayadēśad=ā vīra-puruṣa-samakṣa-</i></span> <br /> 11. <span title="Kannada-language text"><i lang="kn-Latn">de kēkaya-pallavaraṁ kād=eṟidu pettajayan=ā vija</i></span> <br /> 12. <span title="Kannada-language text"><i lang="kn-Latn">arasange bāḷgaḻcu palmaḍiuṁ mūḷivaḷuṁ ko-</i></span> <br /> 13. <span title="Kannada-language text"><i lang="kn-Latn">ṭṭār baṭāri-kuladōn=āḷa-kadamban kaḷadōn mahāpātakan</i></span> <br /> 14. <span title="Kannada-language text"><i lang="kn-Latn">irvvaruṁ saḻbaṅgadar vijārasaruṁ palmaḍige kuṟu-</i></span> <br /> 15. <span title="Kannada-language text"><i lang="kn-Latn">mbiḍi viṭṭār adān aḻivornge mahāpatakam svasti</i></span> </p><p>The following line is carved on the pillar's left face: </p><p>16. <span title="Kannada-language text"><i lang="kn-Latn">bhaṭṭarg=ī gaḻde oḍḍali ā pattondi viṭṭārakara</i></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halmidi_inscription&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_inscriptions" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian inscriptions">Indian inscriptions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_copper_plate_inscriptions" title="Indian copper plate inscriptions">Indian copper plate inscriptions</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halmidi_inscription&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Gai_1992_297-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gai_1992_297_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gai_1992_297_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGai1992">Gai 1992</a>, p. 297</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFM._A._R.1937">M. A. R. 1937</a>, pp. 72–81</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRamesh1984b">Ramesh 1984b</a>, pp. 55–58</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMaster1944">Master 1944</a>, pp. 297–307</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMugali1975">Mugali 1975</a>, p. 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPollock2006">Pollock 2006</a>, pp. 331–332</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGai1992">Gai 1992</a>, pp. 300–301</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSircar1996">Sircar 1996</a>, p. 48</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRamesh1984b">Ramesh 1984b</a>, p. 55</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRamesh1984b">Ramesh 1984b</a>, p. 58</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGai1996">Gai 1996</a>, p. 26</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-verse-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-verse_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDatta1988">Datta 1988</a>, p. 1474</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/M._Chidananda_Murthy" title="M. Chidananda Murthy">M. Chidananda Murthy</a>, <i>Inscriptions (Kannada)</i> in <a href="#CITEREFDatta1988">Datta 1988</a>, p. 1717</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-admin-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-admin_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sahitya Akademi (1988), p. 1717</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halmidi_inscription&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDatta1988" class="citation cs2">Datta, Amaresh, ed. (1988) [1988], <i>Encyclopaedia of Indian literature - vol 2</i>, <a href="/wiki/Sahitya_Akademi" title="Sahitya Akademi">Sahitya Akademi</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-260-1194-7" title="Special:BookSources/81-260-1194-7"><bdi>81-260-1194-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Indian+literature+-+vol+2&rft.pub=Sahitya+Akademi&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=81-260-1194-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHalmidi+inscription" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDatta1989" class="citation cs2">Datta, Amaresh, ed. (1989) [1988], <i>Encyclopaedia of Indian literature - vol 3</i>, <a href="/wiki/Sahitya_Akademi" title="Sahitya Akademi">Sahitya Akademi</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-260-1194-7" title="Special:BookSources/81-260-1194-7"><bdi>81-260-1194-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Indian+literature+-+vol+3&rft.pub=Sahitya+Akademi&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=81-260-1194-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHalmidi+inscription" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2008" class="citation cs2">Encyclopædia Britannica (2008), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9044579"><i>Kannada literature</i></a>, Encyclopædia Britannica Online</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kannada+literature&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica+Online&rft.date=2008&rft.au=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Feb%2Farticle-9044579&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHalmidi+inscription" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGai1992" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/G._S._Gai" title="G. 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Gai">Gai, Govind Swamirao</a> (1996), <i>Inscriptions of the early Kadambas</i>, New Delhi: Indian Council of Historical Research and Pratibha Prakashan. Pp. xv, 170, 88 plates, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-85268-47-9" title="Special:BookSources/81-85268-47-9"><bdi>81-85268-47-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inscriptions+of+the+early+Kadambas&rft.pub=New+Delhi%3A+Indian+Council+of+Historical+Research+and+Pratibha+Prakashan.+Pp.+xv%2C+170%2C+88+plates&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=81-85268-47-9&rft.aulast=Gai&rft.aufirst=Govind+Swamirao&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHalmidi+inscription" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHabib2000" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Irfan_Habib" title="Irfan Habib">Habib, Irfan</a> (2000), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesco.org/culture/humanity/">"India"</a>, in Al-Bhakhit, M. A.; Bazin, L. A.; Cissoko, S. M. (eds.), <i>History of Humanity, Volume IV: from the Seventh to the Sixteenth century</i>, Paris: UNESCO and London: Routledge. Pp. xxiii, 682, 44 maps, 138 plates, pp. 398–410, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-09308-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-09308-2"><bdi>0-415-09308-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=India&rft.btitle=History+of+Humanity%2C+Volume+IV%3A+from+the+Seventh+to+the+Sixteenth+century&rft.pages=398-410&rft.pub=Paris%3A+UNESCO+and+London%3A+Routledge.+Pp.+xxiii%2C+682%2C+44+maps%2C+138+plates&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-415-09308-2&rft.aulast=Habib&rft.aufirst=Irfan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unesco.org%2Fculture%2Fhumanity%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHalmidi+inscription" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaster1944" class="citation cs2">Master, Alfred (1944), "Indo-Aryan and Dravidian", <i>Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London</i>, <b>11</b> (2): 297–307, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0041977x00072487">10.1017/s0041977x00072487</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:170552998">170552998</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+School+of+Oriental+and+African+Studies%2C+University+of+London&rft.atitle=Indo-Aryan+and+Dravidian&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=297-307&rft.date=1944&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs0041977x00072487&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A170552998%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Master&rft.aufirst=Alfred&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHalmidi+inscription" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFM._A._R.1937" class="citation cs2">M. A. R. (1937), <i>Mysore Archaeological Department, Annual Report-1936 (MAR 1936)</i>, Bangalore: Government Press, pp. 73–80</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mysore+Archaeological+Department%2C+Annual+Report-1936+%28MAR+1936%29&rft.pages=73-80&rft.pub=Bangalore%3A+Government+Press&rft.date=1937&rft.au=M.+A.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHalmidi+inscription" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMugali1975" class="citation cs2">Mugali, R.S. (1975), <i>History of Kannada literature</i>, <a href="/wiki/Sahitya_Akademi" title="Sahitya Akademi">Sahitya Akademi</a>, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/2492406">2492406</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Kannada+literature&rft.pub=Sahitya+Akademi&rft.date=1975&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F2492406&rft.aulast=Mugali&rft.aufirst=R.S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHalmidi+inscription" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPollock2003" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Pollock" title="Sheldon Pollock">Pollock, Sheldon</a> (2003), <i>Literary cultures in history: reconstructions from South Asia</i>, Berkeley: University of California Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-22821-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-22821-9"><bdi>0-520-22821-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Literary+cultures+in+history%3A+reconstructions+from+South+Asia&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-520-22821-9&rft.aulast=Pollock&rft.aufirst=Sheldon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHalmidi+inscription" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPollock2006" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Pollock" title="Sheldon Pollock">Pollock, Sheldon</a> (2006), <i>The Language of the Gods in the World of Men: Sanskrit, Culture, and Power in Premodern India (Philip E. Lilienthal Books)</i>, Berkeley: University of California Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-24500-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-24500-8"><bdi>0-520-24500-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Language+of+the+Gods+in+the+World+of+Men%3A+Sanskrit%2C+Culture%2C+and+Power+in+Premodern+India+%28Philip+E.+Lilienthal+Books%29&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-520-24500-8&rft.aulast=Pollock&rft.aufirst=Sheldon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHalmidi+inscription" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPollock2007" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Pollock" title="Sheldon Pollock">Pollock, Sheldon</a> (2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100624141225/http://www.columbia.edu/cu/mealac/faculty/pollock/mss_cult.pdf">"Literary Culture and Manuscript Culture in Precolonial India"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, in Simon Elliot; et al. (eds.), <i>Literary Cultures and the Material Book</i>, London: British Library, pp. 77–94, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7123-0684-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7123-0684-3"><bdi>978-0-7123-0684-3</bdi></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.columbia.edu/cu/mealac/faculty/pollock/mss_cult.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 24 June 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2008</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Literary+Culture+and+Manuscript+Culture+in+Precolonial+India&rft.btitle=Literary+Cultures+and+the+Material+Book&rft.place=London&rft.pages=77-94&rft.pub=British+Library&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7123-0684-3&rft.aulast=Pollock&rft.aufirst=Sheldon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.columbia.edu%2Fcu%2Fmealac%2Ffaculty%2Fpollock%2Fmss_cult.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHalmidi+inscription" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamesh1984b" class="citation cs2">Ramesh, K. V. (1984b), <i>Indian Epigraphy</i>, Sundeep</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+Epigraphy&rft.pub=Sundeep&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Ramesh&rft.aufirst=K.+V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHalmidi+inscription" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSircar1996" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/D._C._Sircar" class="mw-redirect" title="D. C. Sircar">Sircar, D. C.</a> (1996), <i>Indian Epigraphy</i>, Motilal Banarsidass Publications, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8-1208-1166-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-8-1208-1166-9"><bdi>978-8-1208-1166-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+Epigraphy&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass+Publications&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-8-1208-1166-9&rft.aulast=Sircar&rft.aufirst=D.+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHalmidi+inscription" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStein1980" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Burton_Stein" title="Burton Stein">Stein, Burton</a> (1980), <i>Peasant State and Society in Medieval South India</i>, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. Pp. 550, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-561065-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-561065-2"><bdi>0-19-561065-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Peasant+State+and+Society+in+Medieval+South+India&rft.pub=Oxford+and+New+York%3A+Oxford+University+Press.+Pp.+550&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0-19-561065-2&rft.aulast=Stein&rft.aufirst=Burton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHalmidi+inscription" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVarious1988" class="citation cs2">Various (1988) [1988], <i>Encyclopaedia of Indian literature – vol 2</i>, Sahitya Akademi, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-260-1194-7" title="Special:BookSources/81-260-1194-7"><bdi>81-260-1194-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Indian+literature+%E2%80%93+vol+2&rft.pub=Sahitya+Akademi&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=81-260-1194-7&rft.au=Various&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHalmidi+inscription" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halmidi_inscription&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Halmidi_inscription" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Halmidi inscription">Halmidi inscription</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Editio_princeps" title="Editio princeps">Editio princeps</a></b>: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/annualreportofth014517mbp/annualreportofth014517mbp_djvu.txt">Annual Report of the Mysore Archaeological Department for the Year 1936</a></i>. Bangalore: The Government Press, 1938. Pages 72–74. [photographic <a href="/wiki/Facsimile" title="Facsimile">facsimile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transliteration" title="Transliteration">transliteration</a> and translation (into English)]</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kamat.com/kalranga/kar/literature/history1.htm">Banavasi Old Kannada Inscription</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070313084222/http://www.hoysalatourism.com/halmidi.htm">Halmidi Inscription</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031124063238/http://www.hindu.com/2003/11/03/stories/2003110304550500.htm">Halmidi village finally on the road to recognition</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://asi.nic.in/asi_epigraphical_sans_language.asp">Language of the Inscriptions</a> — <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_Survey_of_India" title="Archaeological Survey of India">Archaeological Survey of India</a> [The last sentence of second last paragraph mentions the Halmidi inscription.]</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Halmidi_inscription&oldid=1233083761">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Halmidi_inscription&oldid=1233083761</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Kannada_literature" title="Category:Kannada literature">Kannada literature</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Literature_of_Karnataka" title="Category:Literature of Karnataka">Literature of Karnataka</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Earliest_known_manuscripts_by_language" title="Category:Earliest known manuscripts by language">Earliest known manuscripts by language</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Kadamba_inscriptions" title="Category:Kadamba inscriptions">Kadamba inscriptions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:5th-century_inscriptions" title="Category:5th-century inscriptions">5th-century inscriptions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:5th-century_literature" title="Category:5th-century literature">5th-century literature</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Kannada_inscriptions" title="Category:Kannada inscriptions">Kannada inscriptions</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_December_2019" title="Category:Use dmy dates from December 2019">Use dmy dates from December 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_Indian_English_from_December_2019" title="Category:Use Indian English from December 2019">Use Indian English from December 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_Indian_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English">All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Kannada-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Kannada-language text">Articles containing Kannada-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 7 July 2024, at 05:34<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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