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Nordin</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Noraziah Nordin"> <meta name="keywords" content="Noraziah Nordin"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Noraziah Nordin"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 30</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Noraziah Nordin</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30</span> A Prenylflavanoid, HME5 with Antiproliferative Activity in Human Ovarian Cancer Cells</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mashitoh%20Abd%20Rahman">Mashitoh Abd Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Najihah%20Mohd%20Hashim"> Najihah Mohd Hashim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faiqah%20Ramli"> Faiqah Ramli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syam%20Mohan"> Syam Mohan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noraziah%20Nordin"> Noraziah Nordin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamed%20Karimian"> Hamed Karimian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hapipah%20Mohd%20Ali"> Hapipah Mohd Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancies. HME5, a prenylflavanoid has been isolated from local medicinal plant. This compound has been reported to possess a broad spectrum of biological activities including anticancer property. However, the potential of HME5 as an antiproliferative and cytotoxic agent on an ovarian cancer cells has not yet been investigated. In this present study, we examined the antiproliferative and cytotoxic effect of HME5 on Caov-3 (Human Ovarian Adenocarcinoma) cell line by using 3-[4,5-dimethylthizol-2-y]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, Acridine orange and propidium Iodide (AOPi) and cell cycle analysis study. HME5 has shown to inhibit Caov-3 in a time-dependent manner with the IC50 values of 5µg/ml, 2µg/ml and 1µg/ml after 24h, 48h and 72h treatment, respectively. Morphological study from AOPi analysis showed that HME5 induced apoptosis after 24 and 48h post-treatment. Nevertheless, HME5 exhibited cell cycle arrest at G1 phase as indicated in flow cytometry cell cycle profiling. In conclusion, HME5 inhibited proliferation of Caov-3 through induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G1 phase. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apoptosis" title="apoptosis">apoptosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prenylflavanoid" title=" prenylflavanoid"> prenylflavanoid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ovarian%20cancer" title=" ovarian cancer"> ovarian cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HME5" title=" HME5 "> HME5 </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13503/a-prenylflavanoid-hme5-with-antiproliferative-activity-in-human-ovarian-cancer-cells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13503.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">461</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29</span> Induction of Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis in Ovarian Cancer Cell Line (CAOV-3) by an Isoquinoline Alkaloid Isolated from Enicosanthellum pulchrum (King) Heusden</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noraziah%20Nordin">Noraziah Nordin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Najihah%20Mohd%20Hashim"> Najihah Mohd Hashim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nazia%20Abdul%20Majid"> Nazia Abdul Majid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mashitoh%20Abdul%20Rahman"> Mashitoh Abdul Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamed%20Karimian"> Hamed Karimian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hapipah%20Mohd%20Ali"> Hapipah Mohd Ali </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Enicosanthellum pulchrum belongs to family Annonaceae is also known as family of 'mempisang' in Malaysia. Liriodenine was isolated by prep-HPLC method. This method was first technique used for the isolation of this compound. The structure of the liriodenine was elucidated by 1D and 2D spectroscopy techniques. Liriodenine was tested on ovarian cancer cells line (CAOV-3) for MTT, AO/PI and cytotoxicity 3 assays. The MTT assay was performed to determine the cytotoxicity effect of lirodenine on CAOV-3 cells. The morphological changes on CAOV-3 cells were observed by AO/PI assay for the early and late stage of apoptosis, as well as necrosis. Meanwhile, the measurement of cell loss, nuclear morphology, DNA content, cell membrane permeability, mitochondrial membrane potential changes and cytochrome c release from mitochondria were detected through cytotoxicity 3 assay. The IC50 results showed liriodenine inhibits the growth of CAOV-3 cells after 24 h of treatment at 10.25 ± 1.06 µg/mL. After 48 and 72 h of treatments, the IC50 values were decreased to 7.65 ± 0:07 and 6.35 ± 1.62 µg/mL, respectively. The morphology changes can be seen on CAOV-3 with a production of cell membrane blebbing, cromatin condensation and apoptotic bodies with increasing time of treatment from 24 to 72 h. Evaluation of cytotoxicity 3 on CAOV-3 cells after treated with liriodenine, resulting loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and release of cytochrome c from mitochondria. The results demonstrated the capability of liriodenine as a promising anticancer agent, particularly on human ovarian cancer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Enicosanthellum%20pulchrum" title="Enicosanthellum pulchrum">Enicosanthellum pulchrum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ovarian%20cancer" title=" ovarian cancer"> ovarian cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apoptosis" title=" apoptosis"> apoptosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cytotoxicity" title=" cytotoxicity "> cytotoxicity </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13498/induction-of-cytotoxicity-and-apoptosis-in-ovarian-cancer-cell-line-caov-3-by-an-isoquinoline-alkaloid-isolated-from-enicosanthellum-pulchrum-king-heusden" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13498.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">444</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28</span> Satureja bachtiarica Bunge Induce Apoptosis via Mitochondrial Intrinsic Pathway and G1 Cell Cycle Arrest</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamed%20Karimian">Hamed Karimian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noraziah%20Nordin"> Noraziah Nordin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamad%20Ibrahim%20Noordin"> Mohamad Ibrahim Noordin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syam%20Mohan"> Syam Mohan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahboubeh%20Razavi"> Mahboubeh Razavi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Najihah%20Mohd%20Hashim"> Najihah Mohd Hashim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Happipah%20Mohd%20Ali"> Happipah Mohd Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Satureja bachtiarica Bunge is a perennial medicinal plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family and endemic species in Iran. Satureja bachtiarica Bunge with the local name of Marzeh koohi is edible vegetable use as flavoring agent, anti-bacterial and to relieve cough and indigestion. In this study, the anti-cancer effect of Satureja bachtiarica Bunge on the MDA-MB-231 cell line as an Breast cancer cell model has been analyzed for the first time. Satureja bachtiarica Bunge was extracted using different solvents in the order of increasing polarity. Cytotoxicity activity of hexane extract of Satureja bachtiarica Bunge (SBHE) was observed using MTT assay. Acridine orange/Propidium iodide staining was used to detect early apoptosis; Annexin-V-FITC assay was carried out to observe the detection of cell-surface Phosphatidylserine (PS), with Annexin-Vserving as a marker for apoptotic cells. Caspase 3/7, 8 and-9 assays showed significantly activation of caspase-9 where lead intrinsic mitochondrial pathway. Bcl-2/Bax expressions and cell cycle arrest were also investigated. SBHE had exhibited significantly higher cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 Cell line compare to other cell lines. A significant increase in chromatin condensation in the cell nucleus was observed by fluorescence analysis. Treatment of MDA-MB-231 cells with SBHE encouraged apoptosis, by down-regulating Bcl-2 and up-regulating Bax, which lead the activation of caspase 9. Moreover, SBHE treatment significantly arrested MDA-MB-231 cells in the G1 phase. Together, the results presented in this study demonstrated that SBHE inhibited the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells, leading cell cycle arrest and programmed cell death, which was confirmed to be through the mitochondrial pathway. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Satureja%20bachtiarica%20Bunge" title="Satureja bachtiarica Bunge">Satureja bachtiarica Bunge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MDA-MB-231" title=" MDA-MB-231"> MDA-MB-231</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apoptosis" title=" apoptosis"> apoptosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=annexin-V" title=" annexin-V"> annexin-V</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20cycle" title=" cell cycle"> cell cycle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13586/satureja-bachtiarica-bunge-induce-apoptosis-via-mitochondrial-intrinsic-pathway-and-g1-cell-cycle-arrest" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13586.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27</span> Value Engineering and Its Impact on Drainage Design Optimization for Penang International Airport Expansion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.M.%20Asyraf">R.M. Asyraf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Norazah"> A. Norazah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.M.%20Khairuddin"> S.M. Khairuddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Noraziah"> B. Noraziah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Designing a system at present requires a vital, challenging task; to ensure the design philosophy is maintained in economical ways. This paper perceived the value engineering (VE) approach applied in infrastructure works, namely stormwater drainage. This method is adopted in line as consultants have completed the detailed design. Function Analysis System Technique (FAST) diagram and VE job plan, information, function analysis, creative judgement, development, and recommendation phase are used to scrutinize the initial design of stormwater drainage. An estimated cost reduction using the VE approach of 2% over the initial proposal was obtained. This cost reduction is obtained from the design optimization of the drainage foundation and structural system, where the pile design and drainage base structure are optimized. Likewise, the design of the on-site detention tank (OSD) pump was revised and contribute to the cost reduction obtained. This case study shows that the VE approach can be an important tool in optimizing the design to reduce costs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=value%20engineering" title="value engineering">value engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=function%20analysis%20system%20technique" title=" function analysis system technique"> function analysis system technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stormwater%20drainage" title=" stormwater drainage"> stormwater drainage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost%20reduction" title=" cost reduction"> cost reduction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122180/value-engineering-and-its-impact-on-drainage-design-optimization-for-penang-international-airport-expansion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122180.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">26</span> Validation of the Formal Model of Web Services Applications for Digital Reference Service of Library Information System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainab%20Magaji%20Musa">Zainab Magaji Musa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nordin%20M.%20A.%20Rahman"> Nordin M. A. Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julaily%20Aida%20Jusoh"> Julaily Aida Jusoh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The web services applications for digital reference service (WSDRS) of LIS model is an informal model that claims to reduce the problems of digital reference services in libraries. It uses web services technology to provide efficient way of satisfying users’ needs in the reference section of libraries. The formal WSDRS model consists of the Z specifications of all the informal specifications of the model. This paper discusses the formal validation of the Z specifications of WSDRS model. The authors formally verify and thus validate the properties of the model using Z/EVES theorem prover. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=validation" title="validation">validation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=verification" title=" verification"> verification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=formal" title=" formal"> formal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=theorem%20prover" title=" theorem prover"> theorem prover</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34902/validation-of-the-formal-model-of-web-services-applications-for-digital-reference-service-of-library-information-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34902.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">516</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25</span> Voltage Controlled Ring Oscillator for RF Applications in 0.18 µm CMOS Technology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Arif%20Sobhan%20Bhuiyan">Mohammad Arif Sobhan Bhuiyan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainal%20Abidin%20Nordin"> Zainal Abidin Nordin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mamun%20Bin%20Ibne%20Reaz"> Mamun Bin Ibne Reaz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A compact and power efficient high performance Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) is a must in analog and digital circuits especially in the communication system, but the best trade-off among the performance parameters is a challenge for researchers. In this paper, a design of a compact 3-stage differential voltage controlled ring oscillator (VCRO) with low phase noise, low power and higher tuning bandwidth is proposed in 0.18 µm CMOS technology. The VCRO is designed with symmetric load and positive feedback techniques to achieve higher gain and minimum delay. The proposed VCRO can operate at tuning range of 3.9-5.0 GHz at 1.6 V supply voltage. The circuit consumes only 1.0757 mW of power and produces -129 dbc/Hz. The total active area of the proposed VCRO is only 11.74 x 37.73 µm2. Such a VCO can be the best choice for compact and low-power RF applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CMOS" title="CMOS">CMOS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VCO" title=" VCO"> VCO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VCRO" title=" VCRO"> VCRO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oscillator" title=" oscillator"> oscillator</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2797/voltage-controlled-ring-oscillator-for-rf-applications-in-018-m-cmos-technology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2797.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">475</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">24</span> Influencers of E-Learning Readiness among Palestinian Secondary School Teachers: An Explorative Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fuad%20A.%20A.%20Trayek">Fuad A. A. Trayek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tunku%20Badariah%20Tunku%20Ahmad"> Tunku Badariah Tunku Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamad%20Sahari%20Nordin"> Mohamad Sahari Nordin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20AM%20Dwikat"> Mohammed AM Dwikat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper reports on the results of an exploratory factor analysis procedure applied on the e-learning readiness data obtained from a survey of four hundred and seventy-nine (N = 479) teachers from secondary schools in Nablus, Palestine. The data were drawn from a 23-item Likert questionnaire measuring e-learning readiness based on Chapnick's conception of the construct. Principal axis factoring (PAF) with Promax rotation applied on the data extracted four distinct factors supporting four of Chapnick's e-learning readiness dimensions, namely technological readiness, psychological readiness, infrastructure readiness and equipment readiness. Together these four dimensions explained 56% of the variance. These findings provide further support for the construct validity of the items and for the existence of these four factors that measure e-learning readiness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-learning" title="e-learning">e-learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-learning%20readiness" title=" e-learning readiness"> e-learning readiness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technological%20readiness" title=" technological readiness"> technological readiness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychological%20readiness" title=" psychological readiness"> psychological readiness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=principal%20axis%20factoring" title=" principal axis factoring"> principal axis factoring</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56789/influencers-of-e-learning-readiness-among-palestinian-secondary-school-teachers-an-explorative-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56789.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">401</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23</span> An Overview of Corroded Pipe Repair Techniques Using Composite Materials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lim%20Kar%20Sing">Lim Kar Sing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Nur%20Afifah%20Azraai"> Siti Nur Afifah Azraai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norhazilan%20Md%20Noor"> Norhazilan Md Noor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nordin%20Yahaya"> Nordin Yahaya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Polymeric composites are being increasingly used as repair material for repairing critical infrastructures such as building, bridge, pressure vessel, piping and pipeline. Technique in repairing damaged pipes is one of the major concerns of pipeline owners. Considerable researches have been carried out on the repair of corroded pipes using composite materials. This article attempts a short review of the subject matter to provide insight into various techniques used in repairing corroded pipes, focusing on a wide range of composite repair systems. These systems including pre-cured layered, flexible wet lay-up, pre-impregnated, split composite sleeve and flexible tape systems. Both advantages and limitations of these repair systems were highlighted. Critical technical aspects have been discussed through the current standards and practices. Research gaps and future study scopes in achieving more effective design philosophy are also presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite%20materials" title="composite materials">composite materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pipeline" title=" pipeline"> pipeline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=repair%20technique" title=" repair technique"> repair technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymers" title=" polymers"> polymers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35294/an-overview-of-corroded-pipe-repair-techniques-using-composite-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35294.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">509</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22</span> Excitation and Active Control of Charge Density Waves at Degenerately Doped PN++ Junctions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20K.%20Vinnakota">R. K. Vinnakota</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20A.%20Genov"> D. A. Genov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Dong"> Z. Dong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20F.%20Briggs"> A. F. Briggs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Nordin"> L. Nordin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20R.%20Bank"> S. R. Bank</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Wasserman"> D. Wasserman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We present a semiconductor-based plasmonic electro-optic modulator based on excitation and active control of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) at the interface of degenerately doped In₀.₅₃Ga₀.₄₇As pn++ junctions. Set of devices, which we refer to as a surface plasmon polariton diode (SPPD), are fabricated and characterized electrically and optically. Optical characterization predicts far-field voltage-aided reflectivity modulation for mid-IR wavelengths. Numerical device characterizations using a self-consistent electro-optic multiphysics model have been performed to confirm the experimental findings were predicting data rates up to 1Gbits/s and 3dB bandwidth as high as 2GHz. Our findings also show that decreasing the device dimensions can potentially lead to data rates of more than 50Gbits/s, thus potentially providing a pathway toward fast all-semiconductor-based plasmotronic devices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasmonics" title="plasmonics">plasmonics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optoelectronics" title=" optoelectronics"> optoelectronics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PN%20junctions" title=" PN junctions"> PN junctions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20plasmon%20polaritons" title=" surface plasmon polaritons"> surface plasmon polaritons</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155237/excitation-and-active-control-of-charge-density-waves-at-degenerately-doped-pn-junctions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155237.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">111</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> Characterization of Mechanical Properties of Graphene-Modified Epoxy Resin for Pipeline Repair</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Nur%20Afifah%20Azraai">Siti Nur Afifah Azraai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lim%20Kar%20Sing"> Lim Kar Sing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nordin%20Yahaya"> Nordin Yahaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norhazilan%20Md%20Noor"> Norhazilan Md Noor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This experimental study consists of a characterization of epoxy grout where an amount of 2% of graphene nanoplatelets particles were added to commercial epoxy resin to evaluate their behavior regarding neat epoxy resin. Compressive tests, tensile tests and flexural tests were conducted to study the effect of graphene nanoplatelets on neat epoxy resin. By comparing graphene-based and neat epoxy grout, there is no significant increase of strength due to weak interface in the graphene nanoplatelets/epoxy composites. From this experiment, the tension and flexural strength of graphene-based epoxy grouts is slightly lower than ones of neat epoxy grout. Nevertheless, the addition of graphene has produced more consistent results according to a smaller standard deviation of strength. Furthermore, the graphene has also improved the ductility of the grout, hence reducing its brittle behaviour. This shows that the performance of graphene-based grout is reliably predictable and able to minimize sudden rupture. This is important since repair design of damaged pipeline is of deterministic nature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite" title="composite">composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epoxy%20resin" title=" epoxy resin"> epoxy resin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphene%20nanoplatelets" title=" graphene nanoplatelets"> graphene nanoplatelets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pipeline" title=" pipeline"> pipeline</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35293/characterization-of-mechanical-properties-of-graphene-modified-epoxy-resin-for-pipeline-repair" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35293.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">482</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> Roles of Governmental and Non-governmental Bodies on Chain Remand Complaints in Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ifa%20Sirrhu%20Samsudin">Ifa Sirrhu Samsudin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramalinggam%20Rajamanickam"> Ramalinggam Rajamanickam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rohaida%20Nordin"> Rohaida Nordin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The practice of chain remand would cause human rights violations if the application was granted without reasonable cause and reason. This chain remand problem was tried to be addressed in 2007, which was amongst the factors that led to the amendment of the Criminal Procedure Code (CPC) at that time due to the defilement of human liberty. In Malaysia, there are governmental and non-governmental bodies that are active in ensuring that the human rights of the entire community are protected from being violated. The issue of wrongful detention involving chain remand during an investigation is not a new issue. This issue is constantly highlighted and efforts to address it are often raised by the responsible parties. This study aims to analyse the roles of these bodies in dealing with chain remand complaints in Malaysia using a qualitative research approach by way of in-depth interviews, roundtable discussions and documents analysis. The study discovered that these bodies were able to investigate the complaints but did not have a role in taking any actions. Their role is only to provide recommendations to the complainants to take action. Therefore, this study suggested the function should be given to certain bodies to curb the problem based on solid evidence. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liberty" title="liberty">liberty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complaints" title=" complaints"> complaints</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chain%20remand" title=" chain remand"> chain remand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=government" title=" government"> government</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143082/roles-of-governmental-and-non-governmental-bodies-on-chain-remand-complaints-in-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143082.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">182</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> Safety Management and Occupational Injuries Assessing the Mediating Role of Safety Compliance: Downstream Oil and Gas Industry of Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Ajmal">Muhammad Ajmal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Shahrul%20Nizam%20Bin%20Isha"> Ahmad Shahrul Nizam Bin Isha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahrina%20Md.%20Nordin"> Shahrina Md. Nordin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paras%20Behrani"> Paras Behrani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Al-Baraa%20Abdulrahman%20Al-Mekhla%EF%AC%81"> Al-Baraa Abdulrahman Al-Mekhlaﬁ</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aims to investigate the impact of safety management practices via safety compliance on occupational injuries in the context of downstream the oil and gas industry of Malaysia. However, it is still challenging for researchers and academicians to control occupational injuries in high-safety-sensitive organizations. In this study response rate was 62%, and 280 valid responses were used for analysis through SmartPLS. The study results revealed that safety management practices (management commitment, safety training, safety promotion policies, workers’ involvement) play a significant role in lowering the rate of accidents in downstream the oil and gas industry via safety compliance. Furthermore, the study results also revealed that safety management practices also reduce safety management costs of organizations, e.g., lost work days and employee absenteeism. Moreover, this study is helpful for safety leaders and managers to understand the importance of safety management practices to lower the ratio of occupational injuries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safety%20management" title="safety management">safety management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safety%20compliance" title=" safety compliance"> safety compliance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupational%20injuries" title=" occupational injuries"> occupational injuries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil%20and%20gas" title=" oil and gas"> oil and gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malaysia" title=" Malaysia"> Malaysia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153913/safety-management-and-occupational-injuries-assessing-the-mediating-role-of-safety-compliance-downstream-oil-and-gas-industry-of-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153913.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> Identification and Force Control of a Two Chambers Pneumatic Soft Actuator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Najib%20K.%20Dankadai">Najib K. Dankadai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20%27Athif%20Mohd%20Faudzi"> Ahmad 'Athif Mohd Faudzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khairuddin%20Osman"> Khairuddin Osman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Rusydi%20Muhammad%20Razif"> Muhammad Rusydi Muhammad Razif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IIi%20Najaa%20Aimi%20Mohd%20Nordin"> IIi Najaa Aimi Mohd Nordin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Researches in soft actuators are now growing rapidly because of their adequacy to be applied in sectors like medical, agriculture, biological and welfare. This paper presents system identification (SI) and control of the force generated by a two chambers pneumatic soft actuator (PSA). A force mathematical model for the actuator was identified experimentally using data acquisition card and MATLAB SI toolbox. Two control techniques; a predictive functional control (PFC) and conventional proportional integral and derivative (PID) schemes are proposed and compared based on the identified model for the soft actuator flexible mechanism. Results of this study showed that both of the proposed controllers ensure accurate tracking when the closed loop system was tested with the step, sinusoidal and multi step reference input through MATLAB simulation although the PFC provides a better response than the PID. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=predictive%20functional%20control%20%28PFC%29" title="predictive functional control (PFC)">predictive functional control (PFC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proportional%20integral%20and%20derivative%20%28PID%29" title=" proportional integral and derivative (PID)"> proportional integral and derivative (PID)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soft%20actuator" title=" soft actuator"> soft actuator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=system%20identification" title=" system identification"> system identification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55153/identification-and-force-control-of-a-two-chambers-pneumatic-soft-actuator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55153.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">325</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> Species Diversity of Some Remarkable New Records of Lichens from Chwarta District, Kurdistan Region of Iraq</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salah%20Abdulla%20Salih">Salah Abdulla Salih</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhamad%20Sohrabi"> Muhamad Sohrabi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper aims to study the species, morphology, habitats and geographical distribution of new records of lichens from the Chwarta districts Kurdistan Region of Iraq from September 2022 to June 2023. As a result of the survey in the different locations belonging to the district, found that there are eleven species of lichens are reported from Iraq for the first time. Of these, the taxa of Lecanora thallophila H. Magn is the first species of parasitic lichen reported from Iraq, including the newly recorded genus of lichen Acarospora A.Massal. The lichenized fungi are Acarospora bullata Anzi., Acarospora laqueata Stizenb., Acarospora umbilicata Bagl., Acrocordia gemmata (Ach.) A. Massal., Squamulea subsoluta (Nyl.) Arup, Søchting & Frödén., Coppinsiella ulcerosa (Coppins & P.James) S.Y.Kondr. & L.Lőkös., Myriolecis flowersiana (H. Magn.) Śliwa, Zhao Xin & Lumbsch., Megaspora rimisorediata Valadbeigi & A. Nordin sp. nov., Physcia subtilis Degel., Polycauliona polycarpa (Hoffm.) Frödén, Arup, & Søchting. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apothecia" title="apothecia">apothecia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lichen%20species" title=" lichen species"> lichen species</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=new%20records" title=" new records"> new records</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kurdistan%20region" title=" Kurdistan region"> Kurdistan region</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171955/species-diversity-of-some-remarkable-new-records-of-lichens-from-chwarta-district-kurdistan-region-of-iraq" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171955.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">82</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> Stimulating the Social Interaction Development of Children through Computer Play Activities: The Role of Teachers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahani%20Razali">Mahani Razali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abd%20Halim%20Masnan"> Abd Halim Masnan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nordin%20Mamat"> Nordin Mamat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seah%20Siok%20Peh"> Seah Siok Peh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research is based on three main objectives which are to identify children`s social interaction behaviour during computer play activities, teacher’s role and to explore teacher’s beliefs, views and knowledge about computers use in four Malaysian pre-schools.This qualitative study was carried out among 25 pre-school children and three teachers as the research sample. The data collection procedures involved structured observation which was to identify social interaction behavior among pre-school children through computer play activities; as for semi-structured interviews, it was done to study the perception of the teachers on the acquired of social interaction behavior development among the children. A variety of patterns can be seen within the peer interactions indicating that children exhibit a vast range of social interactions at the computer, and they varied each day. The findings of this study guide us to certain conclusions, which have implications in understanding the phenomena of how computers were used and how its relationship to the children’s social interactions emerge in the four Malaysian preschools. This study provides evidence that the children’s social interactions with peers and adults were mediated by the engagement of the children in the computer environments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer" title="computer">computer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=play" title=" play"> play</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preschool" title=" preschool"> preschool</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20interaction" title=" social interaction"> social interaction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54009/stimulating-the-social-interaction-development-of-children-through-computer-play-activities-the-role-of-teachers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54009.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">299</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Measurement and Monitoring of Graduate Attributes via iCGPA Implementation and ACADEMIA Programming: UNIMAS Case Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shanti%20Faridah%20Salleh">Shanti Faridah Salleh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azzahrah%20Anuar"> Azzahrah Anuar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamimah%20Ujir"> Hamimah Ujir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rohana%20Sapawi"> Rohana Sapawi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wan%20Hashim%20Wan%20Ibrahim"> Wan Hashim Wan Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noraziah%20Abdul%20Wahab"> Noraziah Abdul Wahab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majina%20Sulaiman"> Majina Sulaiman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raudhah%20Ahmadi"> Raudhah Ahmadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Al-Khalid%20Othman"> Al-Khalid Othman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Johari%20Abdullah"> Johari Abdullah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Integrated Cumulative Grade Point Average or iCGPA is an evaluation and reporting system that represents a comprehensive development of students’ achievement in their academic programs. Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, UNIMAS has started its implementation of iCGPA in 2016. iCGPA is driven by the Outcome-Based Education (OBE) system that has been long integrated into the higher education in Malaysia. iCGPA is not only a tool to enhance the OBE concept through constructive alignment but it is also an integrated mechanism to assist various stakeholders in making decisions or planning for program improvement. The outcome of this integrated system is the reporting of students’ academic performance in terms of cognitive (knowledge), psychomotor (skills), and affective (attitude) of which the students acquire throughout the duration of their study. The iCGPA reporting illustrates the attainment of student’s attribute in the eight domains of learning outcomes listed in the Malaysian Qualifications Framework (MQF). This paper discusses on the implementation of iCGPA in UNIMAS on the policy and strategy to direct the whole university to implement the iCGPA. The steps and challenges in integrating the exsting Outcome-Based Education and utilising iCGPA as a tool to quantify the students’ achievement are also highlighted in this paper. Finally, the ACADEMIA system, which is a dedicated centralised program ensure the implementation of iCGPA is a success has been developed. This paper discusses the structure and the analysis of ACADEMIA program and concludes the analysis made on the improvement made on the implementation of constructive alignment in all 40 programs involves in iCGPA implementation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constructive%20alignment" title="constructive alignment">constructive alignment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=holistic%20graduates" title=" holistic graduates"> holistic graduates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mapping%20of%20assessment" title=" mapping of assessment"> mapping of assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=programme%20outcome" title=" programme outcome"> programme outcome</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86051/measurement-and-monitoring-of-graduate-attributes-via-icgpa-implementation-and-academia-programming-unimas-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86051.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">208</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Dry Matter, Moisture, Ash and Crude Fibre Content in Distinct Segments of ‘Durian Kampung’ Husk</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norhanim%20Nordin">Norhanim Nordin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rosnah%20Shamsudin"> Rosnah Shamsudin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azrina%20Azlan"> Azrina Azlan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Effendy%20Ya%E2%80%99acob"> Mohammad Effendy Ya’acob</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An environmental friendly approach for disposal of voluminous durian husk waste could be implemented by substituting them into various valuable commodities, such as healthcare and biofuel products. Thus, the study of composition value in each segment of durian husk was very crucial to determine the suitable proportions of nutrients that need to be added and mixed in the product. A total of 12 ‘Durian Kampung’ fruits from Sg Ruan, Pahang were selected and each fruit husk was divided into four segments and labelled as P-L (thin neck area of white inner husk), P-B (thick bottom area of white inner husk), H (green and thorny outer husk) and W (whole combination of P-B and H). Four experiments have been carried out to determine the dry matter, moisture, ash and crude fibre content. The results show that the H segment has the highest dry matter content (30.47%), while the P-B segment has the highest percentage in moisture (81.83%) and ash (6.95%) content. It was calculated that the ash content of the P-B segment has a higher rate of moisture level which causes the ash content to increase about 2.89% from the P-L segment. These data have proven that each segment of durian husk has a significant difference in terms of composition value, which might be useful information to fully utilize every part of the durian husk in the future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=durian%20husk" title="durian husk">durian husk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crude%20fibre%20content" title=" crude fibre content"> crude fibre content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dry%20matter%20content" title=" dry matter content"> dry matter content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moisture%20content" title=" moisture content"> moisture content</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74287/dry-matter-moisture-ash-and-crude-fibre-content-in-distinct-segments-of-durian-kampung-husk" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74287.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">300</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Mapping of Arenga Pinnata Tree Using Remote Sensing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zulkiflee%20Abd%20Latif">Zulkiflee Abd Latif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sitinor%20Atikah%20Nordin"> Sitinor Atikah Nordin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alawi%20Sulaiman"> Alawi Sulaiman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Different tree species possess different and various benefits. Arenga Pinnata tree species own several potential uses that is valuable for the economy and the country. Mapping vegetation using remote sensing technique involves various process, techniques and consideration. Using satellite imagery, this method enables the access of inaccessible area and with the availability of near infra-red band; it is useful in vegetation analysis, especially in identifying tree species. Pixel-based and object-based classification technique is used as a method in this study. Pixel-based classification technique used in this study divided into unsupervised and supervised classification. Object based classification technique becomes more popular another alternative method in classification process. Using spectral, texture, color and other information, to classify the target make object-based classification is a promising technique for classification. Classification of Arenga Pinnata trees is overlaid with elevation, slope and aspect, soil and river data and several other data to give information regarding the tree character and living environment. This paper will present the utilization of remote sensing technique in order to map Arenga Pinnata tree species <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arenga%20Pinnata" title="Arenga Pinnata">Arenga Pinnata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pixel-based%20classification" title=" pixel-based classification"> pixel-based classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=object-based%20classification" title=" object-based classification"> object-based classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remote%20sensing" title=" remote sensing"> remote sensing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13681/mapping-of-arenga-pinnata-tree-using-remote-sensing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13681.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">380</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Formal Specification of Web Services Applications for Digital Reference Services of Library Information System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Magaji%20Zainab%20Musa">Magaji Zainab Musa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nordin%20M.%20A.%20Rahman"> Nordin M. A. Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julaily%20Aida%20Jusoh"> Julaily Aida Jusoh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper discusses the formal specification of web services applications for digital reference services (WSDRS). Digital reference service involves a user requesting for help from a reference librarian and a reference librarian responding to the request of a user all by electronic means. In most cases users do not get satisfied while using digital reference service due to delay of response of the librarians. Another may be due to no response or due to librarian giving an irrelevant solution to the problem submitted by the user. WDSRS is an informal model that claims to reduce the problems of digital reference services in libraries. It uses web services technology to provide efficient way of satisfying users’ need in the reference section of libraries. But informal model is in natural language which is inconsistent and ambiguous that may cause difficulties to the developers of the system. In order to solve this problem we decided to convert the informal specifications into formal specifications. This is supposed to reduce the overall development time and cost. Formal specification can be used to provide an unambiguous and precise supplement to natural language descriptions. It can be rigorously validated and verified leading to the early detection of specification errors. We use Z language to develop the formal model and verify it with Z/EVES theorem prover tool. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=formal" title="formal">formal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=specifications" title=" specifications"> specifications</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=web%20services" title=" web services"> web services</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20reference%20services" title=" digital reference services"> digital reference services</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34898/formal-specification-of-web-services-applications-for-digital-reference-services-of-library-information-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34898.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">376</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> A Weighted Sum Particle Swarm Approach (WPSO) Combined with a Novel Feasibility-Based Ranking Strategy for Constrained Multi-Objective Optimization of Compact Heat Exchangers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Milad%20Yousefi">Milad Yousefi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moslem%20Yousefi"> Moslem Yousefi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ricarpo%20Poley"> Ricarpo Poley</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amer%20Nordin%20Darus"> Amer Nordin Darus</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Design optimization of heat exchangers is a very complicated task that has been traditionally carried out based on a trial-and-error procedure. To overcome the difficulties of the conventional design approaches especially when a large number of variables, constraints and objectives are involved, a new method based on a well-stablished evolutionary algorithm, particle swarm optimization (PSO), weighted sum approach and a novel constraint handling strategy is presented in this study. Since, the conventional constraint handling strategies are not effective and easy-to-implement in multi-objective algorithms, a novel feasibility-based ranking strategy is introduced which is both extremely user-friendly and effective. A case study from industry has been investigated to illustrate the performance of the presented approach. The results show that the proposed algorithm can find the near pareto-optimal with higher accuracy when it is compared to conventional non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II). Moreover, the difficulties of a trial-and-error process for setting the penalty parameters is solved in this algorithm. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heat%20exchanger" title="Heat exchanger">Heat exchanger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Multi-objective%20optimization" title=" Multi-objective optimization"> Multi-objective optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Particle%20swarm%20optimization" title=" Particle swarm optimization"> Particle swarm optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NSGA-II%20Constraints%20handling." title=" NSGA-II Constraints handling."> NSGA-II Constraints handling.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17215/a-weighted-sum-particle-swarm-approach-wpso-combined-with-a-novel-feasibility-based-ranking-strategy-for-constrained-multi-objective-optimization-of-compact-heat-exchangers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17215.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">555</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Bahasa Melayu Hand Coded and Malaysian Sign Language Acquisition of Hearing Impaired Students at Early Intervention</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Rahim%20Razalli">Abdul Rahim Razalli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nordin%20Mamat"> Nordin Mamat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lee%20Kean%20Low"> Lee Kean Low</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of the study is to examine the acquisition of Bahasa Melayu hand coded and Malaysian Sign Language of hearing impaired children and the factors that influencing the acquisition of Malay language at early intervention. A qualitative research design was chosen to answer two research questions. Two sets of instruments have been used to obtain information of proficiency and factors that influence it. Five children with hearing problems, four teachers and three parents were selected as the respondents through purposive sampling technique. The findings show that pupils with hearing problems who mastered Bahasa Melayu hand coded have better acquisition of Bahasa Melayu as compared to those who acquired Malaysian Sign Language. The study also found that the parents, pupils, teachers and environmental factors have an impact on the acquisition of Bahasa Melayu hand coded. The implications of this study show that early intervention of Bahasa Melayu hand coded and the parents, pupils, teachers and environmental factors do help in the language proficiency of children with hearing problems. A more comprehensive study should be undertaken at a higher level to see the impact on an early intervention program for Malay language acquisition of hearing impaired children. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bahasa%20Melayu%20hand%20coded" title="Bahasa Melayu hand coded">Bahasa Melayu hand coded</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malaysian%20sign%20Language" title=" Malaysian sign Language"> Malaysian sign Language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hearing%20impaired%20children" title=" hearing impaired children"> hearing impaired children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=early%20intervention" title=" early intervention"> early intervention</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51098/bahasa-melayu-hand-coded-and-malaysian-sign-language-acquisition-of-hearing-impaired-students-at-early-intervention" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51098.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">249</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Vocational Teaching Method: A Conceptual Model in Teaching Automotive Practical Work</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adnan%20Ahmad">Adnan Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yusri%20Kamin"> Yusri Kamin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asnol%20Dahar%20Minghat"> Asnol Dahar Minghat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd.%20Khir%20Nordin"> Mohd. Khir Nordin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dayana%20Farzeha"> Dayana Farzeha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Nabil"> Ahmad Nabil </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study is to identify the teaching method practices of the practical work subject in Vocational Secondary School. This study examined the practice of Vocational Teaching Method in Automotive Practical Work. The quantitative method used the sets of the questionnaire. 283 students and 63 teachers involved from ten VSS involved in this research. Research finding showed in conducting the introduction session teachers prefer used the demonstration method and questioning technique. While in deliver the content of practical task, teachers applied group monitoring and problem-solving approach. To conclude the task of automotive practical work, teachers choose re-explain and report writing to make sure students really understand all the process of teaching. VTM-APW also involved the competency-based concept to embed in the model. Derived from factors investigated, research produced the combination of elements in teaching skills and vocational skills which could be used as the best teaching method in automotive practical work for school level. As conclusion this study has concluded that the VTM-APW model is able to apply in teaching to make an improvement with current practices in Vocational Secondary School. Hence, teachers are suggested to use this method to enhance student's knowledge in Automotive and teachers will deliver skills to the current and future workforce relevant with the required competency skilled in workplace. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vocational%20teaching%20method" title="vocational teaching method">vocational teaching method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=practical%20task" title=" practical task"> practical task</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teacher%20preferences" title=" teacher preferences"> teacher preferences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=student%20preferences" title=" student preferences"> student preferences</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8306/vocational-teaching-method-a-conceptual-model-in-teaching-automotive-practical-work" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8306.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">452</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> The Quality of Multi-Ethnic Preschool Environment and Human Resources: Teachers' Satisfaction on Their Career Development</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nordin%20Mamat">Nordin Mamat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Rahim%20Razalli"> Abdul Rahim Razalli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Loy%20Chee%20Luen"> Loy Chee Luen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Talib%20Hashim"> Abdul Talib Hashim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was designed to investigate preschool environment in multi-ethnic preschool in Malaysia. The objectives are to identify the quality of work environment in multi-ethnic preschools; to investigate the practices of teachers’ role and responsibility; and to identify the quality of human resources. The study involved 2004 respondents who are the staff of multi-ethnic preschool from the government agency who provide preschool service. This study was conducted using a mixed method in which questionnaires and interviews were used to obtain data from respondents. The findings were analysed using mean and used Likert scale to determine the three-stage level such as the high, moderate and low. Findings indicated that the work environment at a moderate level, but the facilities provided insufficient to carry out educational activities with children. The result based on ranking of duties and responsibilities of teachers in multi-ethnic preschool shows the teachers practice daily record of children's development is very little, that only 65 persons are recording the child's development. The poor ratio of teachers and child in multi-ethnic preschool is between 25 to 35 children per class which means the children need a lot of attention. Meanwhile, the work environment is moderate with a mean score of 3.65 and overall mean score for level of staff career development 3.66 also moderate. The findings indicate the facilities provided in their workplace and staff career development requires improvements. Overall, the level of work environment is moderate, and it needs an improvement in term of facilities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment" title="environment">environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20resources" title=" human resources"> human resources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-ethnic%20preschool" title=" multi-ethnic preschool"> multi-ethnic preschool</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20teacher" title=" quality teacher"> quality teacher</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46603/the-quality-of-multi-ethnic-preschool-environment-and-human-resources-teachers-satisfaction-on-their-career-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46603.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">323</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Stimulating Young Children Social Interaction Behaviour through Computer Play Activities: The Role of Teachers and Parents Support</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahani%20Razali">Mahani Razali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nordin%20Mamat"> Nordin Mamat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of the study is to explore how computer technology is integrated into pre-school activities and its relationship with children’s social interaction behaviour in pre-school classroom. The major question of interest in the present study is to investigate the social interaction behaviour of children when using computers in the Malaysian pre-school classroom. This research is based on three main objectives which are to identify children`s social interaction during computer play activities, teacher’s role and parent’s participation to develop children`s social interaction. This qualitative study was carried out among 25 pre-school children, three teachers and three parents as the research sample. On the other hand, parent’s support was obtained from their discussions, supervisions and communication at home. The data collection procedures involved structured observation which was to identify social interaction behaviour among pre-school children through computer play activities; as for semi-structured interviews, it was done to study the perception of the teachers and parents on the acquired social interaction behaviour among the children. Besides, documentation analysis method was used as to triangulate acquired information with observations and interviews. In this study, the qualitative data analysis was tabulated in descriptive manner with frequency and percentage format. This study primarily focused on social interaction behaviour elements among the pre-school children. Findings revealed that the children showed positive outcomes on the social interaction behaviour during their computer play. This research summarizes that teacher’s role and parent’s support can improve children`s social interaction behaviour through computer play activities. As a whole, this research highlighted the significance of computer play activities as to stimulate social interaction behavior among the pre-school children. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=early%20childhood" title="early childhood">early childhood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emotional%20development" title=" emotional development"> emotional development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parent%20support" title=" parent support"> parent support</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=play" title=" play"> play</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53541/stimulating-young-children-social-interaction-behaviour-through-computer-play-activities-the-role-of-teachers-and-parents-support" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53541.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">367</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Shoulder-Arm Mobility and Upper and Lower Extremity Muscle Function are Impaired in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Bringby">F. Bringby</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Nordin"> A. Nordin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Bj%C3%B6rn%C3%A5dal"> L. Björnådal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Svenungsson"> E. Svenungsson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Bostr%C3%B6m"> C. Boström</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H%20Alexanderson"> H Alexanderson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) have reduced hand function and self-reported limitations in daily activities. Few studies have explored limitations in shoulder-arm mobility and muscle function, or if there are differences in physical function between diffuse cutaneous (dcSSc) and limited cutaneous (lcSSc) SSc. The purpose of this study was to describe objectively assessed shoulder-arm mobility, lower extremity muscle function and muscle endurance in SSc and evaluate possible differences between lcSSc and dcSSc. 121 patients with SSc were included in this cross sectional study. Shoulder-arm mobility were examined using the Shoulder Function Assessment Scale (SFA) including 5 tasks ,lower extremity muscle function was measured by Timed stands test (TST) and muscle endurance in shoulder- and hip flexors were assessed by the Functional Index 2 (FI-2). Patients with dcSSc had median SFA hand to back score 5 (4-6) and median “hand to seat” score of 5 (4-6) compared to patients with lcSSc with corresponding median values of 6 (4-6) and 6 (5-6) respectively (p<0.01-p<0.05). 50% of both patientsgroups had lower muscle function assessed by the TST compared to age- and gender matched reference values but there were no differences in TST between the two patient groups. There was no difference in FI-2 scores between dcSSc and lcSSc. The whole group had 40 (28-83) % and 38 (32-72) % of maximal FI-2 shoulder flexion score on the right and left sides, and 40 (23-63) % and 37 (23-62) % of maximal FI-2 hip flexion score on the right and left sides. Reference values for the FI-2 indicate that healthy individuals perform in mean 100 % of maximal score. Patients with dcSSc were more limited than patients with lcSSc. Patients with SSc have reduced muscle function compared to reference values. These results highlights the importance of assessing shoulder-arm mobility and muscle function as well as a need for further research to identify exercise interventions to target these limitations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diffuse" title="diffuse">diffuse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=limited" title=" limited"> limited</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobility" title=" mobility"> mobility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=muscle%20function" title=" muscle function"> muscle function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20therapy" title=" physical therapy"> physical therapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=systemic%20sclerosis" title=" systemic sclerosis"> systemic sclerosis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19799/shoulder-arm-mobility-and-upper-and-lower-extremity-muscle-function-are-impaired-in-patients-with-systemic-sclerosis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19799.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">392</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Stimulating the Social Emotional Development of Children through Play Activities: The Role of Teachers and Parents Support </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahani%20Razali">Mahani Razali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nordin%20Mamat"> Nordin Mamat </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this research is to identify the teacher’s role and parent’s participation to develop children`s socio emotion through play activities. This research is based on three main objectives which are to identify children`s socio emotion during play activities, teacher’s role and parent’s participation to develop children`s socio emotion. This qualitative study was carried out among 25 pre-school children, three teachers and three parents as the research sample. On the other hand, parent’s support was obtained from their discussions, supervisions and communication at home. The data collection procedures involved structured observation which was to identify socio emotional development element among pre-school children through play activities; as for semi-structured interviews, it was done to study the perception of the teachers and parents on the acquired socio emotional development among the children. Besides, documentation analysis method was used as to triangulate acquired information with observations and interviews. In this study, the qualitative data analysis was tabulated in descriptive manner with frequency and percentage format. This study primarily focused on five main socio emotional elements among the pre-school children: 1) Cooperation, 2) Confidence and Courage, 3) Ability to communicate, 4) patience, and 5) Tolerance. The findings of this study were presented in the form of case to case manner from the researches sample. Findings revealed that the children showed positive outcomes on the socio emotional development during their play. Both teachers and parents showed positive perceptions towards the acquired socio emotional development during their play activities. In conclusion, this research summarizes that teacher’s role and parent’s support can improve children`s socio emotional development through play activities. As a whole, this research highlighted the significance of play activities as to stimulate socio emotional development among the pre-school children. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20emotional" title="social emotional">social emotional</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children" title=" children"> children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=play%20activities" title=" play activities"> play activities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stimulating" title=" stimulating "> stimulating </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31150/stimulating-the-social-emotional-development-of-children-through-play-activities-the-role-of-teachers-and-parents-support" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31150.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">407</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Exploring Relationship of National Talent Retention and National Value Proposition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dzul%20Fahmi%20Md.%20Nordin">Dzul Fahmi Md. Nordin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rosmini%20Omar"> Rosmini Omar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This conceptual paper aims to explore the concept of National Talent Retention for a nation by extending the works on Talent Retention in organizations to the scope of nations. The objective of this paper is to explore the relationship of National Talent Retention as the dependent variable with the three explored value propositions namely Firm Value Proposition, Higher Education and Training Value Proposition and National Attractiveness Value Proposition as the independent variables. Life Satisfaction is introduced in this study as a moderating variable to explore possibilities of Life Satisfaction as a mediator for the relationship between National Value Proposition and National Talent Retention. Theories such as Migration, Value Propositions, Life Satisfaction, Human Resource Management and Resource Based View are referred to in order to understand and explore the concept of National Talent Retention. Malaysia is chosen as the background of this study since Malaysia represents a developing nation with progressive economic, education and national policy which presents an interesting background for this exploratory paper. Surprisingly, Malaysia is still facing the phenomenon of Brain Drain which if not handled properly will hinder its Vision 2020 to progress a fully developed nation by year 2020. Mixed methodology analysis is proposed in this paper to include both qualitative face-to-face interview as well as quantitative survey questionnaire to study on the value proposition factors explored. Target respondents are strictly confined to Malaysia’s local high skilled talents either residing in Malaysia or migrated abroad since this paper is mainly interested to study on the concept of National Talent Retention and how successful Malaysia is projecting its value propositions from the perception of high skilled talent Malaysians. It is hoped that this paper could contribute towards understanding National Talent Retention concept where, the model could be replicated to identify influential factors specific to other nations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20talent%20retention" title="national talent retention">national talent retention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20value%20proposition" title=" national value proposition"> national value proposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20satisfaction" title=" life satisfaction"> life satisfaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20skilled%20talents" title=" high skilled talents"> high skilled talents</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16078/exploring-relationship-of-national-talent-retention-and-national-value-proposition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16078.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">402</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Identifying the Determinants of the Shariah Non-Compliance Risk via Principal Axis Factoring </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Arzim%20Naim">Muhammad Arzim Naim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saiful%20Azhar%20Rosly"> Saiful Azhar Rosly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamad%20Sahari%20Nordin"> Mohamad Sahari Nordin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the rise of Shariah non-compliance risk that can bring Islamic banks to succumb to monetary loss. Prior literatures have never analyzed such risk in details despite lots of it arguing on the validity of some Shariah compliance products. The Shariah non-compliance risk in this context is looking to the potentially failure of the facility to stand from the court test say that if the banks bring it to the court for compensation from the defaulted clients. The risk may also arise if the customers refuse to make the financing payments on the grounds of the validity of the contracts, for example, when relinquishing critical requirement of Islamic contract such as ownership, the risk that may lead the banks to suffer loss when the customer invalidate the contract through the court. The impact of Shariah non-compliance risk to Islamic banks is similar to that of legal risks faced by the conventional banks. Both resulted into monetary losses to the banks respectively. In conventional banking environment, losses can be in the forms of summons paid to the customers if they won the case. In banking environment, this normally can be in very huge amount. However, it is right to mention that for Islamic banks, the subsequent impact to them can be rigorously big because it will affect their reputation. If the customers do not perceive them to be Shariah compliant, they will take their money and bank it in other places. This paper provides new insights of risks faced by credit intensive Islamic banks by providing a new extension of knowledge with regards to the Shariah non-compliance risk by identifying its individual components that directly affecting the risk together with empirical evidences. Not limited to the Islamic banking fraternities, the regulators and policy makers should be able to use findings in this paper to evaluate the components of the Shariah non-compliance risk and make the necessary actions. The paper is written based on Malaysia’s Islamic banking practices which may not directly related to other jurisdictions. Even though the focuses of this study is directly towards to the Bay Bithaman Ajil or popularly known as BBA (i.e. sale with deferred payments) financing modality, the result from this study may be applicable to other Islamic financing vehicles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20banking" title="Islamic banking">Islamic banking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20finance" title=" Islamic finance"> Islamic finance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shariah%20Non-compliance%20risk" title=" Shariah Non-compliance risk"> Shariah Non-compliance risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bay%20Bithaman%20Ajil%20%28BBA%29" title=" Bay Bithaman Ajil (BBA)"> Bay Bithaman Ajil (BBA)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=principal%20axis%20factoring" title=" principal axis factoring"> principal axis factoring</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15702/identifying-the-determinants-of-the-shariah-non-compliance-risk-via-principal-axis-factoring" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15702.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">301</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Effect of 12 Weeks Pedometer-Based Workplace Program on Inflammation and Arterial Stiffness in Young Men with Cardiovascular Risks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norsuhana%20Omar">Norsuhana Omar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amilia%20Aminuddina%20Zaiton%20Zakaria"> Amilia Aminuddina Zaiton Zakaria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raifana%20Rosa%20Mohamad%20Sattar"> Raifana Rosa Mohamad Sattar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kalaivani%20Chellappan"> Kalaivani Chellappan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Alauddin%20Mohd%20Ali"> Mohd Alauddin Mohd Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norizam%20Salamt"> Norizam Salamt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zanariyah%20Asmawi"> Zanariyah Asmawi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norliza%20Saari"> Norliza Saari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aini%20Farzana%20Zulkefli"> Aini Farzana Zulkefli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nor%20Anita%20Megat%20Mohd.%20Nordin"> Nor Anita Megat Mohd. Nordin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of vascular dysfunction leading to arterial stiffness. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (AS), as tools for the assessment of vascular damages are widely used and have been shown to predict cardiovascular disease (CVD). C-reactive protein (CRP) is a marker of inflammation. Several studies noted that regular exercise is associated with reduced arterial stiffness. The lack of exercise among Malaysians and the increasing CVD morbidity and mortality among young men are of concern. In Malaysia data on the workplace exercise intervention is scarce. A programme was designed to enable subjects to increase their level of walking as part of their daily work routine and self-monitored by using pedometers. The aim of this study to evaluate the reducing of inflammation by measuring CRP and improvement arterial stiffness measured by carotid femoral PWV (PWVCF) and AI. A total of 70 young men (20 - 40 years) who were sedentary, achieving less than 5,000 steps/day in casual walking with 2 or more cardiovascular risk factors were recruited in Institute of Vocational Skills for Youth (IKBN Hulu Langat). Subjects were randomly assigned to a control (CG) (n=34; no change in walking) and pedometer group (PG) (n=36; minimum target: 8,000 steps/day). The CRP was measured by using immunological method while PWVCF and AI were measured using Vicorder. All parameters were measured at baseline and after 12 weeks. Data for analysis was conducted using Statistical Package of Social Sciences Version 22 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). At post intervention, the CG step counts were similar (4983 ± 366vs 5697 ± 407steps/day). The PG increased step count from 4996 ± 805 to 10,128 ±511 steps/day (P<0.001). The PG showed significant improvement in anthropometric variables and lipid (time and group effect p<0.001). For vascular assessment, the PG showed significantly decreased for time and effect (p<0.001) for PWV (7.21± 0.83 to 6.42 ± 0.89) m/s; AI (11.88± 6.25 to 8.83 ± 3.7) % and CRP (pre= 2.28 ± 3.09, post=1.08± 1.37mg/L). However, no changes were seen in CG. As a conclusion, a pedometer-based walking programme may be an effective strategy for promoting increased daily physical activity which reduces cardiovascular risk markers and thus improve cardiovascular health in terms of inflammation and arterial stiffness. The community intervention for health maintenance has potential to adopt walking as an exercise and adopting vascular fitness index as the performance measuring tools. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arterial%20stiffness" title="arterial stiffness">arterial stiffness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exercise" title=" exercise"> exercise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inflammation" title=" inflammation"> inflammation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pedometer" title=" pedometer"> pedometer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34490/effect-of-12-weeks-pedometer-based-workplace-program-on-inflammation-and-arterial-stiffness-in-young-men-with-cardiovascular-risks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34490.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">353</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Strength Performance and Microstructure Characteristics of Natural Bonded Fiber Composites from Malaysian Bamboo</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahril%20Anuar%20Bahari">Shahril Anuar Bahari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Azrie%20Mohd%20Kepli"> Mohd Azrie Mohd Kepli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Ariff%20Jamaludin"> Mohd Ariff Jamaludin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamarulzaman%20Nordin"> Kamarulzaman Nordin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamad%20Jani%20Saad"> Mohamad Jani Saad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Formaldehyde release from wood-based panel composites can be very toxicity and may increase the risk of human health as well as environmental problems. A new bio-composites product without synthetic adhesive or resin is possible to be developed in order to reduce these problems. Apart from formaldehyde release, adhesive is also considered to be expensive, especially in the manufacturing of composite products. Natural bonded composites can be termed as a panel product composed with any type of cellulosic materials without the addition of synthetic resins. It is composed with chemical content activation in the cellulosic materials. Pulp and paper making method (chemical pulping) was used as a general guide in the composites manufacturing. This method will also generally reduce the manufacturing cost and the risk of formaldehyde emission and has potential to be used as an alternative technology in fiber composites industries. In this study, the natural bonded bamboo fiber composite was produced from virgin Malaysian bamboo fiber (Bambusa vulgaris). The bamboo culms were chipped and digested into fiber using this pulping method. The black liquor collected from the pulping process was used as a natural binding agent in the composition. Then the fibers were mixed and blended with black liquor without any resin addition. The amount of black liquor used per composite board was 20%, with approximately 37% solid content. The composites were fabricated using a hot press machine at two different board densities, 850 and 950 kg/m³, with two sets of hot pressing time, 25 and 35 minutes. Samples of the composites from different densities and hot pressing times were tested in flexural strength and internal bonding (IB) for strength performance according to British Standard. Modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) was determined in flexural test, while tensile force perpendicular to the surface was recorded in IB test. Results show that the strength performance of the composites with 850 kg/m³ density were significantly higher than 950 kg/m³ density, especially for samples from 25 minutes hot pressing time. Strength performance of composites from 25 minutes hot pressing time were generally greater than 35 minutes. Results show that the maximum mean values of strength performance were recorded from composites with 850 kg/m³ density and 25 minutes pressing time. The maximum mean values for MOE, MOR and IB were 3251.84, 16.88 and 0.27 MPa, respectively. Only MOE result has conformed to high density fiberboard (HDF) standard (2700 MPa) in British Standard for Fiberboard Specification, BS EN 622-5: 2006. Microstructure characteristics of composites can also be related to the strength performance of the composites, in which, the observed fiber damage in composites from 950 kg/m³ density and overheat of black liquor led to the low strength properties, especially in IB test. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bamboo%20fiber" title="bamboo fiber">bamboo fiber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20bonded" title=" natural bonded"> natural bonded</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20liquor" title=" black liquor"> black liquor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20tests" title=" mechanical tests"> mechanical tests</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure%20observations" title=" microstructure observations"> microstructure observations</a> </p> <a 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