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id="toc-2012–present:_Tim_Cook_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Neglect_of_professional_users" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neglect_of_professional_users"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.1 Neglect of professional users </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neglect_of_professional_users-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Apple_silicon_transition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Apple_silicon_transition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.2 Apple silicon transition </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Apple_silicon_transition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-Apple_silicon_transition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-Apple_silicon_transition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.3 Post-Apple silicon transition </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-Apple_silicon_transition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_Mac_models" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_Mac_models"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Current Mac models </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_Mac_models-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marketing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marketing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Marketing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marketing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hardware" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hardware"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Hardware </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hardware-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Software" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Software"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Software </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Software-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Timeline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timeline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Timeline </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Timeline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Mac (computer)</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 86 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-86" aria-hidden="true" > 86 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh" title="Macintosh – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Macintosh" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%95" title="मॅक – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="मॅक" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B4" title="ماكنتوش – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ماكنتوش" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Macintosh" title="Apple Macintosh – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Apple Macintosh" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%A2%D5%A2%D5%AC_%D5%84%D5%A7%D6%84%D5%B6%D5%A4%D6%85%D5%B7" title="Էբբլ Մէքնդօշ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Էբբլ Մէքնդօշ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh" title="Macintosh – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Macintosh" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh" title="Macintosh – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Macintosh" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%B6" title="ম্যাকিন্টশ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ম্যাকিন্টশ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh" title="Macintosh – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Macintosh" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Macintosh" title="Apple Macintosh – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Apple Macintosh" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh" title="Macintosh – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Macintosh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Macintosh" title="Apple Macintosh – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Apple Macintosh" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh" title="Macintosh – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Macintosh" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Macintosh" title="Apple Macintosh – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Apple Macintosh" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh" title="Macintosh – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Macintosh" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh" title="Macintosh – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Macintosh" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh" title="Macintosh – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Macintosh" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh" title="Macintosh – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Macintosh" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh" title="Macintosh – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Macintosh" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh" title="Macintosh – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Macintosh" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B4" title="مکینتاش – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مکینتاش" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh" title="Macintosh – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Macintosh" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh" title="Macintosh – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Macintosh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_(ordenador)" title="Mac (ordenador) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mac (ordenador)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh" title="Macintosh – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Macintosh" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%A5_(%EC%BB%B4%ED%93%A8%ED%84%B0)" title="맥 (컴퓨터) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="맥 (컴퓨터)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D6%83%D5%AC_%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%B7" title="Էփլ Մակինտոշ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էփլ Մակինտոշ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B6" title="मैकिन्टौश – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मैकिन्टौश" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Macintosh" title="Apple Macintosh – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Apple Macintosh" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh" title="Macintosh – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Macintosh" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh" title="Macintosh – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Macintosh" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh" title="Macintosh – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Macintosh" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A9" title="מקינטוש – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מקינטוש" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%8D" title="ಮ್ಯಾಕಿಂತೋಷ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮ್ಯಾಕಿಂತೋಷ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_(%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98)" title="Mac (კომპიუტერი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="Mac (კომპიუტერი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh" title="Macintosh – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Macintosh" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh" title="Macintosh – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Macintosh" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh" title="Macintosh – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Macintosh" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh" title="Macintosh – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Macintosh" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Macintosh" title="Apple Macintosh – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Apple Macintosh" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh" title="Macintosh – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Macintosh" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh" title="Macintosh – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Macintosh" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B6" title="म्याकिन्टोश – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="म्याकिन्टोश" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh" title="Macintosh – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Macintosh" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D" title="മാക്കിന്റോഷ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മാക്കിന്റോഷ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B6" title="मॅकिंटॉश – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मॅकिंटॉश" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B4" title="ماكنتوش – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ماكنتوش" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh" title="Macintosh – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Macintosh" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Macintosh" title="Apple Macintosh – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Apple Macintosh" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B6" title="म्याकिन्टोश – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="म्याकिन्टोश" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_(%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%94%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF)" title="Mac (コンピュータ) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Mac (コンピュータ)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Macintosh" title="Apple Macintosh – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Apple Macintosh" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Macintosh" title="Apple Macintosh – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Apple Macintosh" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh" title="Macintosh – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Macintosh" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%95_(%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%8A%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0)" title="ਮੈਕ (ਕੰਪਿਊਟਰ) – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੈਕ (ਕੰਪਿਊਟਰ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%86%D9%B9%D9%88%D8%B4" title="میکنٹوش – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="میکنٹوش" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B4_(%DA%A9%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%BC%D8%B1)" title="مکینتوش (کمپیوټر) – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مکینتوش (کمپیوټر)" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh" title="Macintosh – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Macintosh" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh" title="Macintosh – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Macintosh" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh" title="Macintosh – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Macintosh" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh" title="Macintosh – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Macintosh" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Макинтош – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Макинтош" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh" title="Macintosh – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Macintosh" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh" title="Macintosh – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Macintosh" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Macintosh" title="Apple Macintosh – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Apple Macintosh" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Macintosh" title="Apple Macintosh – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Apple Macintosh" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Macintosh" title="Apple Macintosh – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Apple Macintosh" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Macintosh" title="Apple Macintosh – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Apple Macintosh" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%95%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%86%D8%B4" title="مەکینتۆش – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مەکینتۆش" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh" title="Macintosh – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Macintosh" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh" title="Macintosh – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Macintosh" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh" title="Macintosh – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Macintosh" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Macintosh" title="Apple Macintosh – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Apple Macintosh" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh" title="Macintosh – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Macintosh" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh" title="Macintosh – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Macintosh" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B7%E0%AF%8D" title="மக்கின்டொஷ் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மக்கின்டொஷ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A" title="แมคอินทอช – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แมคอินทอช" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh" title="Macintosh – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Macintosh" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh" title="Macintosh – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Macintosh" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B4" title="میکنتاش – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="میکنتاش" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh" title="Macintosh – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Macintosh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh" title="Macintosh – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Macintosh" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BA%A6%E9%87%91%E5%A1%94" title="麦金塔 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="麦金塔" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A9" title="מעקינטאש – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מעקינטאש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh_%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6" title="Macintosh 電腦 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="Macintosh 電腦" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E9%87%91%E5%A1%94" title="麥金塔 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="麥金塔" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q75687#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Macintosh&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Macintosh">Macintosh</a>)</div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Family of personal computers made by Apple</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the family of personal computers. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Mac_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Mac (disambiguation)">Mac</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Macintosh" redirects here. For the original Macintosh, see <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_128K" title="Macintosh 128K">Macintosh 128K</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Macintosh (disambiguation)">Macintosh (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hproduct vevent"><caption class="infobox-title fn summary">Mac</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:MacLogo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/MacLogo.svg/125px-MacLogo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/MacLogo.svg/188px-MacLogo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/MacLogo.svg/250px-MacLogo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="238" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Macbook_Air_15_inch_-_2_(blurred).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Macbook_Air_15_inch_-_2_%28blurred%29.jpg/220px-Macbook_Air_15_inch_-_2_%28blurred%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Macbook_Air_15_inch_-_2_%28blurred%29.jpg/330px-Macbook_Air_15_inch_-_2_%28blurred%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Macbook_Air_15_inch_-_2_%28blurred%29.jpg/440px-Macbook_Air_15_inch_-_2_%28blurred%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2186" data-file-height="2015" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">The MacBook Air, a notebook computer of the Mac lineup</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Also known as</th><td class="infobox-data">Macintosh</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Developer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Apple,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Apple, Inc.">Apple, Inc.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufacturer</th><td class="infobox-data">Apple, Inc.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Desktop_computer" title="Desktop computer">Desktop computers</a>, <a href="/wiki/All-in-one_computer" title="All-in-one computer">All-in-one computers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laptop_computer" class="mw-redirect" title="Laptop computer">Laptop computers</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Release date</th><td class="infobox-data">January 24, 1984; 40 years ago (1984-01-24)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lifespan</th><td class="infobox-data">1984–present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a> <a href="/wiki/Classic_Mac_OS" title="Classic Mac OS">"Classic" Mac OS</a> (formerly)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Related</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Apple_II" title="Apple II">Apple II</a> <a href="/wiki/Apple_Lisa" title="Apple Lisa">Apple Lisa</a> <a href="/wiki/Apple_Workgroup_Server" title="Apple Workgroup Server">Apple Workgroup Server</a> <a href="/wiki/Xserve" title="Xserve">Xserve</a></td></tr></tbody></table>Mac is a family of <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">personal computers</a> designed and marketed by <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a> since 1984. The name is short for Macintosh (its official name until 1999), a reference to a type of apple called <a href="/wiki/McIntosh_(apple)" title="McIntosh (apple)">McIntosh</a>. The current product lineup includes the <a href="/wiki/MacBook_Air" title="MacBook Air">MacBook Air</a> and <a href="/wiki/MacBook_Pro" title="MacBook Pro">MacBook Pro</a> laptops, and the <a href="/wiki/IMac" title="IMac">iMac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mac_Mini" title="Mac Mini">Mac Mini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mac_Studio" title="Mac Studio">Mac Studio</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mac_Pro" title="Mac Pro">Mac Pro</a> desktops. Macs are sold with the <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a> operating system, which is not licensed to other manufacturers and exclusively <a href="/wiki/Pre-installed_software" title="Pre-installed software">bundled</a> with Mac computers. <a href="/wiki/Jef_Raskin" title="Jef Raskin">Jef Raskin</a> conceived the Macintosh project in 1979, which was usurped and redefined by Apple co-founder <a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</a> in 1981. The original <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_128K" title="Macintosh 128K">Macintosh</a> was launched in January 1984, after Apple's <a href="/wiki/1984_(advertisement)" title="1984 (advertisement)">"1984" advertisement</a> during <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl_XVIII" title="Super Bowl XVIII">Super Bowl XVIII</a>. A series of incrementally improved models followed, sharing the same integrated case design. In 1987, the <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_II" title="Macintosh II">Macintosh II</a> brought color graphics, but priced as a professional workstation and not a personal computer. Beginning in 1994 with the <a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh" title="Power Macintosh">Power Macintosh</a>, the Mac transitioned from <a href="/wiki/Motorola_68000_series" title="Motorola 68000 series">Motorola 68000 series</a> processors to <a href="/wiki/PowerPC" title="PowerPC">PowerPC</a>. <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_clones" class="mw-redirect" title="Macintosh clones">Macintosh clones</a> by other manufacturers were also briefly sold afterwards. The line was refreshed in 1998 with the launch of <a href="/wiki/IMac_G3" title="IMac G3">iMac G3</a>, reinvigorating the line's competitiveness against commodity <a href="/wiki/IBM_PC_compatible" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM PC compatible">IBM PC compatibles</a>. Macs <a href="/wiki/Mac_transition_to_Intel_processors" title="Mac transition to Intel processors">transitioned</a> to <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a> <a href="/wiki/X86" title="X86">x86</a> processors by 2006 along with new sub-product lines <a href="/wiki/MacBook" title="MacBook">MacBook</a> and Mac Pro. Since 2020, Macs have <a href="/wiki/Mac_transition_to_Apple_silicon" title="Mac transition to Apple silicon">transitioned</a> to <a href="/wiki/Apple_silicon" title="Apple silicon">Apple silicon</a> chips based on <a href="/wiki/ARM64" class="mw-redirect" title="ARM64">ARM64</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mac_(computer)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Apple_Inc." title="History of Apple Inc.">History of Apple Inc.</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apple_Mac_Worldwide_Quarterly_Sales.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Apple_Mac_Worldwide_Quarterly_Sales.webp/220px-Apple_Mac_Worldwide_Quarterly_Sales.webp.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Apple_Mac_Worldwide_Quarterly_Sales.webp/330px-Apple_Mac_Worldwide_Quarterly_Sales.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Apple_Mac_Worldwide_Quarterly_Sales.webp/440px-Apple_Mac_Worldwide_Quarterly_Sales.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="4171" data-file-height="1702" /></a><figcaption>Mac worldwide quarterly sales</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1979–1996:_"Macintosh"_era">1979–1996: "Macintosh" era</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mac_(computer)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 1979–1996: "Macintosh" era">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Steve_Jobs_and_Macintosh_computer,_January_1984,_by_Bernard_Gotfryd_-_edited.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="With a red background, Steve Jobs rests his forearms on a Macintosh computer." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Steve_Jobs_and_Macintosh_computer%2C_January_1984%2C_by_Bernard_Gotfryd_-_edited.jpg/220px-Steve_Jobs_and_Macintosh_computer%2C_January_1984%2C_by_Bernard_Gotfryd_-_edited.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="324" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Steve_Jobs_and_Macintosh_computer%2C_January_1984%2C_by_Bernard_Gotfryd_-_edited.jpg/330px-Steve_Jobs_and_Macintosh_computer%2C_January_1984%2C_by_Bernard_Gotfryd_-_edited.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Steve_Jobs_and_Macintosh_computer%2C_January_1984%2C_by_Bernard_Gotfryd_-_edited.jpg/440px-Steve_Jobs_and_Macintosh_computer%2C_January_1984%2C_by_Bernard_Gotfryd_-_edited.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3340" data-file-height="4918" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</a> debuted the Macintosh in January 1984, photographed by <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Gotfryd" title="Bernard Gotfryd">Bernard Gotfryd</a>. The Mac displays the <a href="/wiki/Shin-hanga" title="Shin-hanga">shin-hanga</a> (<a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>: 髪梳ける女; <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'hair combing woman') (<a href="/wiki/File:Hashiguchi_Goyo_-_Woman_in_Blue_Combing_Her_Hair_-_Walters_95880.jpg" title="File:Hashiguchi Goyo - Woman in Blue Combing Her Hair - Walters 95880.jpg">original</a>) by <a href="/wiki/Goy%C5%8D_Hashiguchi" title="Goyō Hashiguchi">Goyō Hashiguchi</a>.</figcaption></figure> In the late 1970s, the <a href="/wiki/Apple_II" title="Apple II">Apple II</a> became one of the most popular computers, especially in education. After <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> introduced the <a href="/wiki/IBM_Personal_Computer" title="IBM Personal Computer">IBM PC</a> in 1981, its sales surpassed the Apple II. In response, Apple introduced the <a href="/wiki/Apple_Lisa" title="Apple Lisa">Lisa</a> in 1983.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer200467–68-1">[1]</a> The Lisa's <a href="/wiki/Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">graphical user interface</a> was inspired by strategically licensed demonstrations of the <a href="/wiki/Xerox_Star" title="Xerox Star">Xerox Star</a>. Lisa surpassed the Star with intuitive <a href="/wiki/Direct_manipulation_interface" title="Direct manipulation interface">direct manipulation</a>, like the ability to <a href="/wiki/Drag_and_drop" title="Drag and drop">drag and drop</a> files, double-click to launch applications, and move or resize windows by clicking and dragging instead of going through a menu.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevy200090–101,_135–138-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalone1999232–244-3">[3]</a> However, hampered by its high price of $9,995 (equivalent to $33,000 in 2023) and lack of available software, the Lisa was commercially unsuccessful.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer200467–68-1">[1]</a> Parallel to the Lisa's development, a <a href="/wiki/Skunkworks_project" title="Skunkworks project">skunkworks</a> team at Apple was working on the Macintosh project. Conceived in 1979 by <a href="/wiki/Jef_Raskin" title="Jef Raskin">Jef Raskin</a>, Macintosh was envisioned as an affordable, easy-to-use computer for the masses. Raskin named the computer after his favorite type of apple, the <a href="/wiki/McIntosh_(apple)" title="McIntosh (apple)">McIntosh</a>. The initial team consisted of Raskin, hardware engineer <a href="/wiki/Burrell_Smith" title="Burrell Smith">Burrell Smith</a>, and Apple co-founder <a href="/wiki/Steve_Wozniak" title="Steve Wozniak">Steve Wozniak</a>. In 1981, <a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</a> was removed from the Lisa team and joined Macintosh, and was able to gradually take control of the project due to <a href="/wiki/Steve_Wozniak#Plane_crash_and_temporary_leave_from_Apple" title="Steve Wozniak">Wozniak's temporary absence after an airplane crash</a>. Under Jobs, the Mac grew to resemble the Lisa, with a mouse and a more intuitive graphical interface, at a quarter of the Lisa's price.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer200485–88,_92–94-4">[4]</a> Upon its January 1984 launch, the <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_128K" title="Macintosh 128K">first Macintosh</a> was described as "revolutionary" by The New York Times.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESandberg-Diment1984C3-5">[5]</a> Sales initially met projections, but dropped due to the machine's low performance, single <a href="/wiki/Floppy_disk" title="Floppy disk">floppy disk</a> drive requiring frequent disk swapping, and initial lack of applications. Author <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Adams" title="Douglas Adams">Douglas Adams</a> said: "But what I (and I think everybody else who bought the machine in the early days) fell in love with was not the machine itself, which was ridiculously slow and underpowered, but a romantic idea of the machine. And that romantic idea had to sustain me through the realities of actually working on the 128K Mac."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevy2000185–187,_193–196-6">[6]</a> Most of the original Macintosh team left Apple, and some followed Jobs to found <a href="/wiki/NeXT" title="NeXT">NeXT</a> after he was forced out by CEO <a href="/wiki/John_Sculley" title="John Sculley">John Sculley</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevy2000201–203-7">[7]</a> The first Macintosh nevertheless generated enthusiasm among buyers and some developers, who rushed to develop entirely new programs for the platform, including <a href="/wiki/Adobe_PageMaker" title="Adobe PageMaker">PageMaker</a>, <a href="/wiki/MORE_(application)" title="MORE (application)">MORE</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Excel" title="Microsoft Excel">Excel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevy2000198,_218–220-8">[8]</a> Apple soon released the <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_512K" title="Macintosh 512K">Macintosh 512K</a> with improved performance and an external floppy drive.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevy2000200-9">[9]</a> The Macintosh is credited with popularizing the graphical user interface,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer2004103-10">[10]</a> Jobs's fascination with <a href="/wiki/Typography" title="Typography">typography</a> gave it an unprecedented variety of fonts and type styles like italics, bold, shadow, and outline.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevy2000158–159-11">[11]</a> It is the first <a href="/wiki/WYSIWYG" title="WYSIWYG">WYSIWYG</a> computer, and due in large part to PageMaker and Apple's <a href="/wiki/LaserWriter" title="LaserWriter">LaserWriter</a> printer, it ignited the <a href="/wiki/Desktop_publishing" title="Desktop publishing">desktop publishing</a> market, turning the Macintosh from an early let-down into a notable success.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevy2000211,_220–222-12">[12]</a> Levy called desktop publishing the Mac's "Trojan horse" in the enterprise market, as colleagues and executives tried these Macs and were seduced into requesting one for themselves. <a href="/wiki/Adobe_PageMaker" title="Adobe PageMaker">PageMaker</a> creator Paul Brainerd said: "You would see the pattern. A large corporation would buy PageMaker and a couple of Macs to do the company newsletter. The next year you'd come back and there would be thirty Macintoshes. The year after that, three hundred."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevy2000221–222-13">[13]</a> In late 1985, Bill Atkinson, one of the few remaining employees to have been on the original Macintosh team, proposed that Apple create a <a href="/wiki/Dynabook" title="Dynabook">Dynabook</a>, Alan Kay's concept for a tablet computer that stores and organizes knowledge. Sculley rebuffed him, so he adapted the idea into a Mac program, <a href="/wiki/HyperCard" title="HyperCard">HyperCard</a>, whose cards store any information—text, image, audio, video—with the <a href="/wiki/Memex" title="Memex">memex</a>-like ability to <a href="/wiki/Semantic_network" title="Semantic network">semantically link</a> cards together. HyperCard was released in 1987 and bundled with every Macintosh.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevy2000239–247-14">[14]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Macintosh_Portable-IMG_7541.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Macintosh_Portable-IMG_7541.jpg/220px-Macintosh_Portable-IMG_7541.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Macintosh_Portable-IMG_7541.jpg/330px-Macintosh_Portable-IMG_7541.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Macintosh_Portable-IMG_7541.jpg/440px-Macintosh_Portable-IMG_7541.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4656" data-file-height="3104" /></a><figcaption>Macintosh Portable</figcaption></figure> In the late 1980s, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Gass%C3%A9e" title="Jean-Louis Gassée">Jean-Louis Gassée</a>, a Sculley protégé who had succeeded Jobs as head of the Macintosh division, made the Mac more expandable and powerful to appeal to tech enthusiasts and enterprise customers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevy2000226–234-15">[15]</a> This strategy led to the successful 1989 release of the <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_II" title="Macintosh II">Macintosh II</a>, which appealed to <a href="/wiki/Power_user" title="Power user">power users</a> and gave the lineup momentum. However, Gassée's "no-compromise" approach foiled Apple's first <a href="/wiki/Laptop" title="Laptop">laptop</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Portable" title="Macintosh Portable">Macintosh Portable</a>, which has many uncommon power user features, but is almost as heavy as the original Macintosh at twice its price. Soon after its launch, Gassée was fired.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer2004159–160-16">[16]</a> Since the Mac's debut, Sculley had opposed lowering the company's profit margins, and Macintoshes were priced far above entry-level <a href="/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS">MS-DOS</a> compatible computers. Steven Levy said that though Macintoshes were superior, the cheapest Mac cost almost twice as much as the cheapest IBM PC compatible.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevy2000-17">[17]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] Sculley also resisted licensing the Mac OS to competing hardware vendors, who could have undercut Apple on pricing and jeopardized its hardware sales, as <a href="/wiki/IBM_PC_compatible" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM PC compatible">IBM PC compatibles</a> had done to IBM. These early strategic steps caused the Macintosh to lose its chance at becoming the dominant personal computer platform.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevy2000222–225-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalone1999416-19">[19]</a> Though senior management demanded high-margin products, a few employees disobeyed and set out to create a computer that would live up to the original Macintosh's slogan, "[a] computer for the rest of us", which the market clamored for. In a pattern typical of Apple's early era, of skunkworks projects like Macintosh and Macintosh II lacking adoption by upper management who were late to realize the projects' merit, this once-renegade project was actually endorsed by senior management following market pressures. In 1990 came the <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_LC" title="Macintosh LC">Macintosh LC</a> and the more affordable <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Classic" title="Macintosh Classic">Macintosh Classic</a>, the first model under $1,000 (equivalent to $2,300 in 2023). Between 1984 and 1989, Apple had sold one million Macs, and another 10 million over the following five years.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevy2000227–234-20">[20]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Powerbook_100_pose.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Powerbook_100_pose.jpg/220px-Powerbook_100_pose.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Powerbook_100_pose.jpg/330px-Powerbook_100_pose.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Powerbook_100_pose.jpg/440px-Powerbook_100_pose.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1420" /></a><figcaption>PowerBook 100</figcaption></figure> In 1991, the Macintosh Portable was replaced with the smaller and lighter <a href="/wiki/PowerBook_100" title="PowerBook 100">PowerBook 100</a>, the first laptop with a palm rest and <a href="/wiki/Trackball" title="Trackball">trackball</a> in front of the keyboard. The PowerBook brought $1 billion of revenue within one year, and became a status symbol.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevy2000258–259-21">[21]</a> By then, the Macintosh represented 10% to 15% of the personal computer market.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevy2000281,_298-22">[22]</a> Fearing a decline in market share, Sculley co-founded the <a href="/wiki/AIM_alliance" title="AIM alliance">AIM alliance</a> with IBM and Motorola to create a new standardized computing platform, which led to the creation of the <a href="/wiki/PowerPC" title="PowerPC">PowerPC</a> processor architecture, and the <a href="/wiki/Taligent" title="Taligent">Taligent</a> operating system.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer2004233–234-23">[23]</a> In 1992, Apple introduced the <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Performa" title="Macintosh Performa">Macintosh Performa</a> line, which "grew like ivy" into a disorienting number of barely differentiated models in an attempt to gain market share. This backfired by confusing customers, but the same strategy soon afflicted the PowerBook line.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalone1999439–440-24">[24]</a> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Spindler" title="Michael Spindler">Michael Spindler</a> continued this approach when he succeeded Sculley as CEO in 1993.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchlenderTetzeli201590,_190-25">[25]</a> He oversaw the Mac's transition from <a href="/wiki/Motorola_68000_series" title="Motorola 68000 series">Motorola 68000 series</a> to PowerPC and the release of Apple's first PowerPC machine, the well-received <a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh" title="Power Macintosh">Power Macintosh</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer2004233–237-26">[26]</a> Many new Macintoshes suffered from inventory and <a href="/wiki/Quality_control" title="Quality control">quality control</a> problems. The 1995 <a href="/wiki/PowerBook_5300" title="PowerBook 5300">PowerBook 5300</a> was plagued with quality problems, with several recalls as some units even caught fire. Pessimistic about Apple's future, Spindler repeatedly attempted to sell Apple to other companies, including IBM, Kodak, AT&T, Sun, and Philips. In a last-ditch attempt to fend off Windows, Apple yielded and started a <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_clone" title="Macintosh clone">Macintosh clone</a> program, which allowed other manufacturers to make <a href="/wiki/System_7" title="System 7">System 7</a> computers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer2004233–237-26">[26]</a> However, this only cannibalized the sales of Apple's higher-margin machines.<a href="#cite_note-Phin_2015-27">[27]</a> Meanwhile, <a href="/wiki/Windows_95" title="Windows 95">Windows 95</a> was an instant hit with customers. Apple was struggling financially as its attempts to produce a System 7 successor had all failed with Taligent, <a href="/wiki/Star_Trek_project" title="Star Trek project">Star Trek</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Copland_(operating_system)" title="Copland (operating system)">Copland</a>, and its hardware was stagnant. The Mac was no longer competitive, and its sales entered a tailspin.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchlenderTetzeli2015190–197-28">[28]</a> Corporations abandoned Macintosh in droves, replacing it with cheaper and more technically sophisticated <a href="/wiki/Windows_NT" title="Windows NT">Windows NT</a> machines for which far more applications and peripherals existed. Even some Apple loyalists saw no future for the Macintosh.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalone1999523–527-29">[29]</a> Once the world's second largest computer vendor after IBM, Apple's market share declined precipitously from 9.4% in 1993 to 3.1% in 1997.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a> was ready to abandon <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office" title="Microsoft Office">Microsoft Office</a> for Mac, which would have slashed any remaining business appeal the Mac had. <a href="/wiki/Gil_Amelio" title="Gil Amelio">Gil Amelio</a>, Spindler's successor, failed to negotiate a deal with Gates.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchlenderTetzeli2015210–211-32">[32]</a> In 1996, Spindler was succeeded by Amelio, who searched for an established operating system to acquire or license for the foundation of a new Macintosh operating system. He considered <a href="/wiki/BeOS" title="BeOS">BeOS</a>, Solaris, Windows NT, and NeXT's <a href="/wiki/NeXTSTEP" title="NeXTSTEP">NeXTSTEP</a>, eventually choosing the last. Apple acquired NeXT on December 20, 1996, returning its co-founder, Steve Jobs.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchlenderTetzeli2015190–197-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalone1999518-33">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1997–2011:_Steve_Jobs_era">1997–2011: Steve Jobs era</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mac_(computer)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1997–2011: Steve Jobs era">edit</a>]</div> NeXT had developed the mature <a href="/wiki/NeXTSTEP" title="NeXTSTEP">NeXTSTEP</a> operating system with strong multimedia and Internet capabilities.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalone1999521-34">[34]</a> NeXTSTEP was also popular among programmers, financial firms, and academia for its <a href="/wiki/Object-oriented_programming" title="Object-oriented programming">object-oriented programming</a> tools for <a href="/wiki/Rapid_application_development" title="Rapid application development">rapid application development</a>.<a href="#cite_note-computerhistory.org-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer2004207–213-36">[36]</a> In an eagerly anticipated speech at the January 1997 <a href="/wiki/Macworld/iWorld" title="Macworld/iWorld">Macworld</a> trade show, Steve Jobs previewed <a href="/wiki/Rhapsody_(operating_system)" title="Rhapsody (operating system)">Rhapsody</a>, a merger of NeXTSTEP and Mac OS as the foundation of Apple's new operating system strategy.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalone1999529,_554-37">[37]</a> At the time, Jobs only served as advisor, and Amelio was released in July 1997. Jobs was formally appointed interim CEO in September, and permanent CEO in January 2000.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer2004289–298-38">[38]</a> To continue turning the company around, Jobs streamlined Apple's operations and began layoffs.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011336-339,_359-39">[39]</a> He negotiated a deal with <a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a> in which Microsoft committed to releasing new versions of Office for Mac for five years, investing $150 million in Apple, and settling an ongoing lawsuit in which Apple alleged that Windows had copied the Mac's interface. In exchange, Apple made <a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer">Internet Explorer</a> the default Mac browser. The deal was closed hours before Jobs announced it at the August 1997 Macworld.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer2004288–291-40">[40]</a> Jobs returned focus to Apple. The Mac lineup had been incomprehensible, with dozens of hard-to-distinguish models. He streamlined it into four quadrants, a laptop and a desktop each for consumers and professionals. Apple also discontinued several Mac accessories, including the <a href="/wiki/StyleWriter" title="StyleWriter">StyleWriter</a> printer and the <a href="/wiki/Apple_Newton" title="Apple Newton">Newton</a> PDA.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011336-339-41">[41]</a> These changes were meant to refocus Apple's engineering, marketing, and manufacturing efforts so that more care could be dedicated to each product.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchlenderTetzeli2015224–225-42">[42]</a> Jobs also stopped licensing Mac OS to clone manufacturers, which had cost Apple ten times more in lost sales than it received in licensing fees.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer2004254-256,_291-292-43">[43]</a> Jobs made a deal with the largest computer reseller, <a href="/wiki/CompUSA" title="CompUSA">CompUSA</a>, to carry a <a href="/wiki/Store-within-a-store" title="Store-within-a-store">store-within-a-store</a> that would better showcase Macs and their software and peripherals. According to Apple, the Mac's share of computer sales in those stores went from 3% to 14%. In November, the online Apple Store launched with built-to-order Mac configurations without a middleman.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer2004289–298-38">[38]</a> When <a href="/wiki/Tim_Cook" title="Tim Cook">Tim Cook</a> was hired as chief operations officer in March 1998, he closed Apple's inefficient factories and outsourced Mac production to Taiwan. Within months, he rolled out a new <a href="/wiki/Enterprise_resource_planning" title="Enterprise resource planning">ERP</a> system and implemented <a href="/wiki/Just-in-Time_Manufacturing" class="mw-redirect" title="Just-in-Time Manufacturing">just-in-time</a> manufacturing principles. This practically eliminated Apple's costly unsold inventory, and within one year, Apple had the industry's most efficient inventory turnover.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMickle202293–99-44">[44]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IMac_colorful_internet_lowres.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f0/IMac_colorful_internet_lowres.png/220px-IMac_colorful_internet_lowres.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f0/IMac_colorful_internet_lowres.png/330px-IMac_colorful_internet_lowres.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f0/IMac_colorful_internet_lowres.png 2x" data-file-width="363" data-file-height="272" /></a><figcaption>The iMac G3's marketing heavily emphasizes its design and Internet capabilities for consumers.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Power_mac_g4_cube.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Power_mac_g4_cube.png/220px-Power_mac_g4_cube.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Power_mac_g4_cube.png/330px-Power_mac_g4_cube.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Power_mac_g4_cube.png/440px-Power_mac_g4_cube.png 2x" data-file-width="475" data-file-height="549" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Power_Mac_G4_Cube" title="Power Mac G4 Cube">Power Mac G4 Cube</a> advanced Apple's industrial design culture and manufacturing processes.</figcaption></figure> Jobs's top priority was "to ship a great new product".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchlenderTetzeli2015224-45">[45]</a> The first is the <a href="/wiki/IMac_G3" title="IMac G3">iMac G3</a>, an all-in-one computer that was meant to make the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a> intuitive and easy to access. While PCs came in functional beige boxes, <a href="/wiki/Jony_Ive" title="Jony Ive">Jony Ive</a> gave the iMac a radical and futuristic design, meant to make the product less intimidating. Its oblong case is made of translucent plastic in <a href="/wiki/Bondi_blue" class="mw-redirect" title="Bondi blue">Bondi blue</a>, later revised with many colors. Ive added a handle on the back to make the computer more approachable. Jobs declared the iMac would be "legacy-free", succeeding <a href="/wiki/Apple_Desktop_Bus" title="Apple Desktop Bus">ADB</a> and <a href="/wiki/SCSI" title="SCSI">SCSI</a> with an infrared port and cutting-edge <a href="/wiki/USB" title="USB">USB</a> ports. Though USB had industry backing, it was still absent from most PCs and USB 1.1 was only standardized one month after the iMac's release.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKahney2013113–134,_140–141-46">[46]</a> He also controversially removed the <a href="/wiki/Floppy_disk" title="Floppy disk">floppy disk</a> drive and replaced it with a <a href="/wiki/CD-ROM" title="CD-ROM">CD</a> drive. The iMac was unveiled in May 1998, and released in August. It was an immediate commercial success and became the fastest-selling computer in Apple's history, with 800,000 units sold before the year ended. Vindicating Jobs on the Internet's appeal to consumers, 32% of iMac buyers had never used a computer before, and 12% were switching from PCs.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKahney2013113–134-47">[47]</a> The iMac reestablished the Mac's reputation as a trendsetter: for the next few years, translucent plastic became the dominant design trend in numerous consumer products.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKahney2013149-48">[48]</a> Apple knew it had lost its chance to compete in the Windows-dominated enterprise market, so it prioritized design and ease of use to make the Mac more appealing to average consumers, and even teens. The "Apple New Product Process" was launched as a more collaborative product development process for the Mac, with <a href="/wiki/Concurrent_engineering" title="Concurrent engineering">concurrent engineering</a> principles. From then, product development was no longer driven primarily by engineering and with design as an afterthought. Instead, Ive and Jobs first defined a new product's "soul", before it was jointly developed by the marketing, engineering, and operations teams.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKahney2013135–143-49">[49]</a> The engineering team was led by the product design group, and Ive's design studio was the dominant voice throughout the development process.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKahney2013149,_200-50">[50]</a> The next two Mac products in 1999, the <a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_G3#Blue_and_White" title="Power Macintosh G3">Power Mac G3</a> (nicknamed "Blue and White") and the <a href="/wiki/IBook#iBook_G3_("Clamshell")" title="IBook">iBook</a>, introduced industrial designs influenced by the iMac, incorporating colorful translucent plastic and carrying handles. The iBook introduced several innovations: a strengthened hinge instead of a mechanical latch to keep it closed, ports on the sides rather than on the back, and the first laptop with built-in <a href="/wiki/Wi-Fi" title="Wi-Fi">Wi-Fi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKahney2013143–149-51">[51]</a> It became the best selling laptop in the U.S. during the fourth quarter of 1999.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> The professional-oriented <a href="/wiki/PowerBook_G4#1st_generation:_Titanium" title="PowerBook G4">Titanium PowerBook G4</a> was released in 2001, becoming the lightest and thinnest laptop in its class, and the first laptop with a wide-screen display; it also debuted a magnetic latch that secures the lid elegantly.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKahney2013150–153-53">[53]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IBook_G3_M6497_J.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/IBook_G3_M6497_J.jpg/220px-IBook_G3_M6497_J.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/IBook_G3_M6497_J.jpg/330px-IBook_G3_M6497_J.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/IBook_G3_M6497_J.jpg/440px-IBook_G3_M6497_J.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1980" data-file-height="1485" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/IBook#iBook_G3_Dual_USB_("Snow")" title="IBook">Dual USB "Ice" iBook</a> represents a design shift away from color, toward white polycarbonate.</figcaption></figure> The design language of consumer Macs shifted again from colored plastics to white polycarbonate with the introduction of the 2001 <a href="/wiki/IBook#iBook_G3_Dual_USB_("Snow")" title="IBook">Dual USB "Ice" iBook</a>. To increase the iBook's durability, it eliminated doors and handles, and gained a more minimalistic exterior. Ive attempted to go beyond the quadrant with <a href="/wiki/Power_Mac_G4_Cube" title="Power Mac G4 Cube">Power Mac G4 Cube</a>, an innovation beyond the <a href="/wiki/Computer_tower" title="Computer tower">computer tower</a> in a professional desktop far smaller than the Power Mac. The Cube failed in the market and was withdrawn from sale after one year. However, Ive considered it beneficial, because it helped Apple gain experience in complex <a href="/wiki/Machining" title="Machining">machining</a> and miniaturization.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKahney2013153–158-54">[54]</a> The development of a successor to the old Mac OS was well underway. Rhapsody had been previewed at <a href="/wiki/Worldwide_Developers_Conference" title="Worldwide Developers Conference">WWDC</a> 1997, featuring a <a href="/wiki/Mach_(kernel)" title="Mach (kernel)">Mach</a> kernel and <a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Software_Distribution" title="Berkeley Software Distribution">BSD</a> foundations, a virtualization layer for old Mac OS apps (codenamed Blue Box), and an implementation of NeXTSTEP <a href="/wiki/API" title="API">APIs</a> called <a href="/wiki/OpenStep" title="OpenStep">OpenStep</a> (codenamed Yellow Box). Apple open-sourced the core of Rhapsody as the <a href="/wiki/Darwin_(operating_system)" title="Darwin (operating system)">Darwin</a> operating system. After several developer previews, Apple also introduced the <a href="/wiki/Carbon_(API)" title="Carbon (API)">Carbon</a> API, which provided a way for developers to more easily make their apps native to Mac OS X without rewriting them in Yellow Box. Mac OS X was publicly unveiled in January 2000, introducing the modern <a href="/wiki/Aqua_(user_interface)" title="Aqua (user interface)">Aqua</a> graphical user interface, and a far more stable <a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a> foundation, with <a href="/wiki/Memory_protection" title="Memory protection">memory protection</a> and <a href="/wiki/Preemption_(computing)" title="Preemption (computing)">preemptive multitasking</a>. Blue Box became the <a href="/wiki/Classic_environment" class="mw-redirect" title="Classic environment">Classic environment</a>, and Yellow Box was renamed <a href="/wiki/Cocoa_(API)" title="Cocoa (API)">Cocoa</a>. Following a <a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Public_Beta" title="Mac OS X Public Beta">public beta</a>, the first version of Mac OS X, version <a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_10.0" title="Mac OS X 10.0">10.0 Cheetah</a>, was released in March 2001.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh200610–15,_27–36-55">[55]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IMac_G4_and_keyboard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/IMac_G4_and_keyboard.jpg/220px-IMac_G4_and_keyboard.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/IMac_G4_and_keyboard.jpg/330px-IMac_G4_and_keyboard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/IMac_G4_and_keyboard.jpg/440px-IMac_G4_and_keyboard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4171" data-file-height="2979" /></a><figcaption>The "Sunflower" iMac G4 is an industrial design innovation.</figcaption></figure> In 1999, Apple launched its new "digital lifestyle" strategy of which the Mac became a "digital hub" and centerpiece with several new applications. In October 1999, the <a href="/wiki/IMac_DV" class="mw-redirect" title="IMac DV">iMac DV</a> gained <a href="/wiki/IEEE_1394" title="IEEE 1394">FireWire</a> ports, allowing users to connect camcorders and easily create movies with <a href="/wiki/IMovie" title="IMovie">iMovie</a>; the iMac gained a CD burner and <a href="/wiki/ITunes" title="ITunes">iTunes</a>, allowing users to rip CDs, make playlists, and burn them to blank discs. Other applications include <a href="/wiki/IPhoto" title="IPhoto">iPhoto</a> for organizing and editing photos, and <a href="/wiki/GarageBand" title="GarageBand">GarageBand</a> for creating and mixing music and other audio. The digital lifestyle strategy entered other markets, with the <a href="/wiki/ITunes_Store" title="ITunes Store">iTunes Store</a>, <a href="/wiki/IPod" title="IPod">iPod</a>, <a href="/wiki/IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhone</a>, <a href="/wiki/IPad" title="IPad">iPad</a>, and the 2007 renaming from Apple Computer Inc. to Apple Inc. By January 2007, the iPod was half of Apple's revenues.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011378–410-56">[56]</a> New Macs include the white <a href="/wiki/IMac_G4" title="IMac G4">"Sunflower" iMac G4</a>. Ive designed a display to swivel with one finger, so that it "appear[ed] to defy gravity".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKahney2013187–191-57">[57]</a> In 2003, Apple released the aluminum 12-inch and 17-inch <a href="/wiki/PowerBook_G4#2nd_generation:_Aluminum" title="PowerBook G4">PowerBook G4</a>, proclaiming the "Year of the Notebook". With the Microsoft deal expiring, Apple also replaced Internet Explorer with its new browser, <a href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer2004301–302-58">[58]</a> The first <a href="/wiki/Mac_Mini#First_generation_(G4_Polycarbonate)" title="Mac Mini">Mac Mini</a> was intended to be assembled in the U.S., but domestic manufacturers were slow and had insufficient quality processes, leading Apple to Taiwanese manufacturer <a href="/wiki/Foxconn" title="Foxconn">Foxconn</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKahney2013203–210-59">[59]</a> The affordably priced Mac Mini desktop was introduced at Macworld 2005, alongside the introduction of the <a href="/wiki/IWork" title="IWork">iWork</a> office suite.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKahney2013187–191,_203–210-60">[60]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Serlet" title="Bertrand Serlet">Serlet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Avie_Tevanian" title="Avie Tevanian">Tevanian</a> were both initiating the secret project asked by <a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</a> to propose to <a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a> executives, in 2001, to sell <a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac OS X">Mac OS X</a> on <a href="/wiki/Vaio" title="Vaio">Vaio</a> laptops.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> They showed them a demonstration at a golf party in <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>, with the most expensive <a href="/wiki/Vaio" title="Vaio">Vaio</a> laptop they could have acquired.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> But due to bad timing, <a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a> refused, arguing their <a href="/wiki/Vaio" title="Vaio">Vaio</a> sales just started to grow after years of difficulties.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Intel_transition_and_"back_to_the_Mac"">Intel transition and "back to the Mac"</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mac_(computer)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Intel transition and "back to the Mac"">edit</a>]</div> With PowerPC chips falling behind in performance, price, and efficiency, Steve Jobs announced in 2005 the <a href="/wiki/Mac_transition_to_Intel_processors" title="Mac transition to Intel processors">Mac transition to Intel processors</a>, because the operating system had been developed for both architectures since the beginning.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchlenderTetzeli2015373–374-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> PowerPC apps run using transparent <a href="/wiki/Rosetta_(software)" title="Rosetta (software)">Rosetta</a> emulation,<a href="#cite_note-:1-66">[66]</a> and Windows boots natively using <a href="/wiki/Boot_Camp_(software)" title="Boot Camp (software)">Boot Camp</a>.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> This transition helped contribute to a few years of growth in Mac sales.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Steve_Jobs_with_MacBook_Air_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Steve_Jobs_with_MacBook_Air_2.jpg/220px-Steve_Jobs_with_MacBook_Air_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Steve_Jobs_with_MacBook_Air_2.jpg/330px-Steve_Jobs_with_MacBook_Air_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Steve_Jobs_with_MacBook_Air_2.jpg/440px-Steve_Jobs_with_MacBook_Air_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="853" /></a><figcaption>Steve Jobs unveiled the first <a href="/wiki/MacBook_Air_(Intel-based)" title="MacBook Air (Intel-based)">MacBook Air</a> at <a href="/wiki/Macworld_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="Macworld 2008">Macworld 2008</a>.</figcaption></figure> After the <a href="/wiki/IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhone</a>'s 2007 release, Apple began a multi-year effort to bring many iPhone innovations "back to the Mac", including <a href="/wiki/Multi-touch" title="Multi-touch">multi-touch</a> gesture support, instant wake from sleep, and fast <a href="/wiki/Flash_memory" title="Flash memory">flash storage</a>.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> At Macworld 2008, Jobs introduced the <a href="/wiki/MacBook_Air#First_generation_(Unibody)" title="MacBook Air">first MacBook Air</a> by taking it out of a manila envelope, touting it as the "world's thinnest notebook".<a href="#cite_note-:5-71">[71]</a> The MacBook Air favors wireless technologies over physical ports, and lacks <a href="/wiki/IEEE_1394" title="IEEE 1394">FireWire</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Optical_disc_drive" title="Optical disc drive">optical drive</a>, or a replaceable battery. The Remote Disc feature accesses discs in other networked computers.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> A decade after its launch, journalist Tom Warren wrote that the MacBook Air had "immediately changed the future of laptops", starting the <a href="/wiki/Ultrabook" title="Ultrabook">ultrabook</a> trend.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> <a href="/wiki/OS_X_Lion" title="OS X Lion">OS X Lion</a> added new software features first introduced with the <a href="/wiki/IPad" title="IPad">iPad</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/FaceTime" title="FaceTime">FaceTime</a>, full-screen apps, document autosaving and versioning, and a bundled <a href="/wiki/Mac_App_Store" title="Mac App Store">Mac App Store</a> to replace software install discs with online downloads. It gained support for <a href="/wiki/Retina_display" title="Retina display">Retina displays</a>, which had been introduced earlier with the <a href="/wiki/IPhone_4" title="IPhone 4">iPhone 4</a>.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> iPhone-like multi-touch technology was progressively added to all MacBook trackpads, and to desktop Macs through the <a href="/wiki/Magic_Mouse" title="Magic Mouse">Magic Mouse</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Magic_Trackpad" title="Magic Trackpad">Magic Trackpad</a>.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> The 2010 MacBook Air added an iPad-inspired standby mode, "instant-on" wake from sleep, and <a href="/wiki/Flash_memory" title="Flash memory">flash memory</a> storage.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> After criticism by Greenpeace, Apple improved the ecological performance of its products.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> The 2008 MacBook Air is free of toxic chemicals like <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)">mercury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bromide" title="Bromide">bromide</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Polyvinyl_chloride" title="Polyvinyl chloride">PVC</a>, and with smaller packaging.<a href="#cite_note-:5-71">[71]</a> The enclosures of the <a href="/wiki/IMac_(Intel-based)#Unibody" title="IMac (Intel-based)">iMac</a> and <a href="/wiki/MacBook_Pro_(2nd_generation)" class="mw-redirect" title="MacBook Pro (2nd generation)">unibody MacBook Pro</a> were redesigned with the more recyclable aluminum and glass.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> On February 24, 2011, the MacBook Pro became the first computer to support Intel's new <a href="/wiki/Thunderbolt_(interface)" title="Thunderbolt (interface)">Thunderbolt</a> connector, with two-way transfer speeds of 10 Gbit/s, and backward compatibility with <a href="/wiki/Mini_DisplayPort" title="Mini DisplayPort">Mini DisplayPort</a>.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2012–present:_Tim_Cook_era">2012–present: Tim Cook era</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mac_(computer)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 2012–present: Tim Cook era">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Mac_Pro_(12093123884).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/New_Mac_Pro_%2812093123884%29.jpg/220px-New_Mac_Pro_%2812093123884%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/New_Mac_Pro_%2812093123884%29.jpg/330px-New_Mac_Pro_%2812093123884%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/New_Mac_Pro_%2812093123884%29.jpg/440px-New_Mac_Pro_%2812093123884%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="939" data-file-height="1406" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/2013_Mac_Pro" class="mw-redirect" title="2013 Mac Pro">2013 Mac Pro</a> was controversial among professional users. One of the reasons was the lack of internal expandibility due to the absence of expansion slots or the like, which was a side-effect of the exotic and compact design (height c. 25 cm).</figcaption></figure> Due to deteriorating health, Steve Jobs resigned as CEO on August 24, 2011, and <a href="/wiki/Tim_Cook" title="Tim Cook">Tim Cook</a> was named as his successor.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> Cook's first <a href="/wiki/List_of_Apple_Inc._media_events#Apple_Special_Event_(October_4,_2011)" title="List of Apple Inc. media events">keynote address</a> launched <a href="/wiki/ICloud" title="ICloud">iCloud</a>, moving the digital hub from the Mac to the cloud.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMickle20225–11-85">[85]</a> In 2012, the <a href="/wiki/MacBook_Pro_(3rd_generation)" class="mw-redirect" title="MacBook Pro (3rd generation)">MacBook Pro was refreshed</a> with a Retina display, and the <a href="/wiki/IMac_(Intel-based)#4th_generation:_Slim_Unibody_iMac" title="IMac (Intel-based)">iMac</a> was slimmed and lost its <a href="/wiki/SuperDrive" title="SuperDrive">SuperDrive</a>.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> During Cook's first few years as CEO, Apple fought media criticisms that it could no longer innovate without Jobs.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMickle202210–11,_144–148-88">[88]</a> In 2013, Apple introduced a new <a href="/wiki/2013_Mac_Pro" class="mw-redirect" title="2013 Mac Pro">cylindrical Mac Pro</a>, with marketing chief <a href="/wiki/Phil_Schiller" title="Phil Schiller">Phil Schiller</a> exclaiming "Can't innovate anymore, my ass!". The new model had a miniaturized design with a glossy dark gray cylindrical body and internal components organized around a central cooling system. Tech reviewers praised the 2013 Mac Pro for its power and futuristic design;<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> however, it was poorly received by professional users, who criticized its lack of upgradability and the removal of expansion slots.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMickle2022163"When_[the_Mac_Pro]_launched_months_later,_customer_interest_fell_short_of_what_Apple_had_hoped_[...]_orders_plummeted,_and_the_company_wound_up_slashing_production._It_became_known_inside_the_company_as_"the_failed_trash_can."_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMickle2022163"When_[the_Mac_Pro]_launched_months_later,_customer_interest_fell_short_of_what_Apple_had_hoped_[...]_orders_plummeted,_and_the_company_wound_up_slashing_production._It_became_known_inside_the_company_as_"the_failed_trash_can."-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> The iMac <a href="/wiki/IMac_(Intel-based)#5th_generation:_Retina_iMac" title="IMac (Intel-based)">was refreshed</a> with a <a href="/wiki/5K_resolution" title="5K resolution">5K</a> Retina display in 2014, making it the highest-resolution all-in-one desktop computer.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> The MacBook <a href="/wiki/MacBook_(2015%E2%80%932019)" class="mw-redirect" title="MacBook (2015–2019)">was reintroduced</a> in 2015, with a completely redesigned aluminum unibody chassis, a 12-inch Retina display, a fanless low-power <a href="/wiki/Intel_Core_M" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel Core M">Intel Core M</a> processor, a much smaller logic board, a new Butterfly keyboard, a single <a href="/wiki/USB-C" title="USB-C">USB-C</a> port, and a solid-state <a href="/wiki/Force_Touch" title="Force Touch">Force Touch</a> trackpad with pressure sensitivity. It was praised for its portability, but criticized for its lack of performance, the need to use adapters to use most USB peripherals, and a high starting price of $1,299 (equivalent to $1,700 in 2023).<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> In 2015, Apple started a service program to address a widespread GPU defect in the <a href="/wiki/MacBook_Pro_(Intel-based)#Second_generation_(Unibody),_2008–2012" title="MacBook Pro (Intel-based)">15-inch 2011 MacBook Pro</a>, which could cause graphical artifacts or prevent the machine from functioning entirely.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Neglect_of_professional_users">Neglect of professional users</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mac_(computer)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Neglect of professional users">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MacBook_Pro_Retina_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/MacBook_Pro_Retina_001.jpg/220px-MacBook_Pro_Retina_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/MacBook_Pro_Retina_001.jpg/330px-MacBook_Pro_Retina_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/MacBook_Pro_Retina_001.jpg/440px-MacBook_Pro_Retina_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5850" data-file-height="4785" /></a><figcaption>The 13-inch and 15-inch MacBook Pros (2016–19) were criticized for its keyboard's unreliability, and the USB-C-only port configuration.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/MacBook_Pro_(4th_generation)" class="mw-redirect" title="MacBook Pro (4th generation)">Touch Bar MacBook Pro</a> was released in October 2016. It was the thinnest MacBook Pro ever made, replaced all ports with four <a href="/wiki/Thunderbolt_(interface)" title="Thunderbolt (interface)">Thunderbolt 3</a> (USB-C) ports, gained a thinner "Butterfly" keyboard, and replaced <a href="/wiki/Function_key" title="Function key">function keys</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Touch_Bar" class="mw-redirect" title="Touch Bar">Touch Bar</a>. The Touch Bar was criticized for making it harder to use the function keys by feel, as it offered no tactile feedback. Many users were also frustrated by the need to buy <a href="/wiki/Dongle" title="Dongle">dongles</a>, particularly professional users who relied on traditional USB-A devices, <a href="/wiki/SD_card" title="SD card">SD cards</a>, and HDMI for video output.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-:6-97">[97]</a> A few months after its release, users reported a problem with stuck keys and letters being skipped or repeated. <a href="/wiki/IFixit" title="IFixit">iFixit</a> attributed this to the ingress of dust or food crumbs under the keys, jamming them. Since the Butterfly keyboard was riveted into the laptop's case, it could only be serviced at an <a href="/wiki/Apple_Store" title="Apple Store">Apple Store</a> or <a href="/wiki/Apple_Authorized_Service_Provider" title="Apple Authorized Service Provider">authorized service center</a>.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-:7-99">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> Apple settled a $50m class-action lawsuit over these keyboards in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> These same models were afflicted by "flexgate": when users closed and opened the machine, they would risk progressively damaging the cable responsible for the display <a href="/wiki/Backlight" title="Backlight">backlight</a>, which was too short. The $6 cable was soldered to the screen, requiring a $700 repair.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> Senior Vice President of Industrial Design Jony Ive continued to guide product designs towards simplicity and minimalism.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> Critics argued that he had begun to prioritize form over function, and was excessively focused on product thinness. His role in the decisions to switch to fragile Butterfly keyboards, to make the Mac Pro non-expandable, and to remove USB-A, HDMI and the SD card slot from the MacBook Pro were criticized.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> The long-standing keyboard issue on MacBook Pros, Apple's abandonment of the <a href="/wiki/Aperture_(software)" title="Aperture (software)">Aperture</a> professional photography app, and the lack of Mac Pro upgrades led to declining sales and a widespread belief that Apple was no longer committed to professional users.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> After several years without any significant updates to the Mac Pro, Apple executives admitted in 2017 that the 2013 Mac Pro had not met expectations, and said that the company had designed themselves into a "thermal corner", preventing them from releasing a planned dual-GPU successor.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> Apple also unveiled their future product roadmap for professional products, including plans for an <a href="/wiki/IMac_Pro" title="IMac Pro">iMac Pro</a> as a stopgap and an expandable Mac Pro to be released later.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> The <a href="/wiki/IMac_Pro" title="IMac Pro">iMac Pro</a> was revealed at WWDC 2017, featuring updated <a href="/wiki/Xeon" title="Xeon">Intel Xeon W</a> processors and <a href="/wiki/Radeon_Pro" title="Radeon Pro">Radeon Pro</a> Vega graphics.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> In 2018, Apple released a redesigned MacBook Air with a Retina display, Butterfly keyboard, Force Touch trackpad, and Thunderbolt 3 USB-C ports.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> The Butterfly keyboard went through three revisions, incorporating silicone gaskets in the key mechanism to prevent keys from being jammed by dust or other particles. However, many users continued to experience reliability issues with these keyboards,<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> leading Apple to launch a program to repair affected keyboards free of charge.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> Higher-end models of the 15-inch 2018 MacBook Pro faced another issue where the Core i9 processor reached unusually high temperatures, resulting in reduced CPU performance from thermal throttling. Apple issued a patch to address this issue via a macOS supplemental update, blaming a "missing digital key" in the thermal management firmware.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> The 2019 16-inch MacBook Pro and 2020 MacBook Air replaced the unreliable Butterfly keyboard with a redesigned scissor-switch Magic Keyboard. On the MacBook Pros, the Touch Bar and Touch ID were made standard, and the Esc key was detached from the Touch Bar and returned to being a physical key.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> At WWDC 2019, Apple unveiled a <a href="/wiki/Mac_Pro#3rd_generation_(lattice_tower_or_rack)" title="Mac Pro">new Mac Pro</a> with a larger case design that allows for hardware expandability, and introduced a new expansion module system (MPX) for modules such as the Afterburner card for faster video encoding.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> Almost every part of the new Mac Pro is user-replaceable, with iFixit praising its high user-repairability.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> It received positive reviews, with reviewers praising its power, modularity, quiet cooling, and Apple's increased focus on professional workflows.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Apple_silicon_transition">Apple silicon transition</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mac_(computer)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Apple silicon transition">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M1_iMac_Green_model.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/M1_iMac_Green_model.jpg/220px-M1_iMac_Green_model.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/M1_iMac_Green_model.jpg/330px-M1_iMac_Green_model.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/M1_iMac_Green_model.jpg/440px-M1_iMac_Green_model.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2120" data-file-height="2120" /></a><figcaption>The 2021 iMac was praised for its colorful and slim design.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Touch_ID_and_SD_card_reader_of_Macbook_Pro_16_inti_model_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Touch_ID_and_SD_card_reader_of_Macbook_Pro_16_inti_model_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Touch_ID_and_SD_card_reader_of_Macbook_Pro_16_inti_model_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Touch_ID_and_SD_card_reader_of_Macbook_Pro_16_inti_model_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Touch_ID_and_SD_card_reader_of_Macbook_Pro_16_inti_model_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Touch_ID_and_SD_card_reader_of_Macbook_Pro_16_inti_model_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Touch_ID_and_SD_card_reader_of_Macbook_Pro_16_inti_model_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2398" data-file-height="1696" /></a><figcaption>The 14-inch and 16-inch MacBook Pros (2021-present) received widespread acclaim for its significantly improved port selection (pictured) and thermals.</figcaption></figure> In April 2018, <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg</a> reported Apple's plan to replace Intel chips with <a href="/wiki/ARM_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="ARM architecture">ARM</a> processors similar to those in its phones, causing Intel's shares to drop by 9.2%.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Verge" title="The Verge">The Verge</a> commented on the rumors, that such a decision made sense, as Intel was failing to make significant improvements to its processors, and could not compete with ARM chips on battery life.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> At WWDC 2020, Tim Cook announced that the Mac would be <a href="/wiki/Mac_transition_to_Apple_silicon" title="Mac transition to Apple silicon">transitioning to Apple silicon</a> chips, built upon an <a href="/wiki/ARM_architecture_family" title="ARM architecture family">ARM</a> architecture, over a two-year timeline.<a href="#cite_note-arm-transition-131">[131]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Rosetta_(software)" title="Rosetta (software)">Rosetta 2</a> translation layer was also introduced, enabling Apple silicon Macs to run Intel apps.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> On November 10, 2020, Apple announced their first system-on-a-chip designed for the Mac, the <a href="/wiki/Apple_M1" title="Apple M1">Apple M1</a>, and a series of Macs that would ship with the M1: the <a href="/wiki/MacBook_Air_(Apple_silicon)" title="MacBook Air (Apple silicon)">MacBook Air</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mac_Mini#Apple_silicon_(2020–present)" title="Mac Mini">Mac Mini</a>, and the 13-inch <a href="/wiki/MacBook_Pro_(Apple_silicon)" title="MacBook Pro (Apple silicon)">MacBook Pro</a>.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> These new Macs received highly positive reviews, with reviewers highlighting significant improvements in battery life, performance, and heat management compared to previous generations.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> The iMac Pro was quietly discontinued on March 6, 2021.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> On April 20, 2021, a new <a href="/wiki/IMac_(Apple_silicon)" title="IMac (Apple silicon)">24-inch iMac</a> was revealed, featuring the M1 chip, seven new colors, thinner white bezels, a higher-resolution 1080p webcam, and an enclosure made entirely from recycled aluminum.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> On October 18, 2021, Apple announced new <a href="/wiki/MacBook_Pro_(Apple_silicon)#Fifth_generation_(Liquid_Retina_XDR),_2021–present" title="MacBook Pro (Apple silicon)">14-inch and 16-inch MacBook Pros</a>, featuring the more powerful M1 Pro and M1 Max chips, a bezel-less <a href="/wiki/LED-backlit_LCD" title="LED-backlit LCD">mini-LED</a> 120 Hz ProMotion display, and the return of <a href="/wiki/MagSafe" title="MagSafe">MagSafe</a> and <a href="/wiki/HDMI" title="HDMI">HDMI</a> ports, and the <a href="/wiki/SD_card" title="SD card">SD card</a> slot.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> On March 8, 2022, the <a href="/wiki/Mac_Studio" title="Mac Studio">Mac Studio</a> was unveiled, also featuring the M1 Max chip and the new M1 Ultra chip in a similar form factor to the Mac Mini. It drew highly positive reviews for its flexibility and wide range of available ports.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> Its performance was deemed "impressive", beating the highest-end Mac Pro with a 28-core Intel Xeon chip, while being significantly more power efficient and compact.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> It was introduced alongside the <a href="/wiki/Apple_Studio_Display" title="Apple Studio Display">Studio Display</a>, and was meant to replace the 27-inch iMac, which was discontinued on the same day.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Post-Apple_silicon_transition">Post-Apple silicon transition</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mac_(computer)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Post-Apple silicon transition">edit</a>]</div> At <a href="/wiki/WWDC_2022" class="mw-redirect" title="WWDC 2022">WWDC 2022</a>, Apple announced an <a href="/wiki/MacBook_Air_(Apple_silicon)#Fourth_generation_(flat_unibody)" title="MacBook Air (Apple silicon)">updated MacBook Air</a> based on a new <a href="/wiki/Apple_M2" title="Apple M2">M2</a> chip. It incorporates several changes from the 14-inch MacBook Pro, such as a flat, slab-shaped design, full-sized function keys, <a href="/wiki/MagSafe" title="MagSafe">MagSafe</a> charging, and a <a href="/wiki/Retina_display" title="Retina display">Liquid Retina</a> display, with rounded corners and a display cutout incorporating a 1080p webcam.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> The Mac Studio with <a href="/wiki/Apple_M2_Max" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple M2 Max">M2 Max</a> and <a href="/wiki/M2_Ultra" class="mw-redirect" title="M2 Ultra">M2 Ultra</a> chips and the Mac Pro with <a href="/wiki/Apple_M2" title="Apple M2">M2 Ultra</a> chip was unveiled at WWDC 2023, and the Intel-based Mac Pro was discontinued on the same day, completing the Mac transition to Apple silicon chips.<a href="#cite_note-:0-147">[147]</a> The Mac Studio was received positively as a modest upgrade over the previous generation, albeit similarly priced PCs could be equipped with faster GPUs.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> However, the Apple silicon-based Mac Pro was criticized for several regressions, including memory capacity and a complete lack of CPU or GPU expansion options.<a href="#cite_note-:0-147">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> A 15-inch MacBook Air was also introduced, and is the largest display included on a consumer-level Apple laptop.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> The <a href="/wiki/MacBook_Pro" title="MacBook Pro">MacBook Pro</a> was updated on October 30, 2023, with updated <a href="/wiki/Apple_M3" title="Apple M3">M3 Pro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apple_M3" title="Apple M3">M3 Max</a> chips using a <a href="/wiki/3_nm_process" title="3 nm process">3 nm</a> process node, as well as the standard <a href="/wiki/Apple_M3" title="Apple M3">M3</a> chip in a refreshed iMac and a new base model MacBook Pro.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> Reviewers lamented the base memory configuration of 8 GB on the standard M3 MacBook Pro.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> In March 2024, the MacBook Air was also updated to include the M3 chip.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> In October 2024, several Macs were announced with the <a href="/wiki/Apple_M4" title="Apple M4">M4</a> series of chips, including the iMac, a redesigned Mac Mini, and the MacBook Pro; all of which included 16 GB of memory as standard. The MacBook Air was also upgraded with 16 GB for the same price.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_Mac_models">Current Mac models</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mac_(computer)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Current Mac models">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Mac_models" title="List of Mac models">List of Mac models</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248256098">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default"><div class="title"><div>Overview of current Mac lineup</div></div><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><a href="/wiki/File:M2_Macbook_Air_Starlight_model.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="MacBook Air, entry-level lightweight laptop"><img alt="MacBook Air, entry-level lightweight laptop" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/M2_Macbook_Air_Starlight_model.jpg/180px-M2_Macbook_Air_Starlight_model.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/M2_Macbook_Air_Starlight_model.jpg/270px-M2_Macbook_Air_Starlight_model.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/M2_Macbook_Air_Starlight_model.jpg/360px-M2_Macbook_Air_Starlight_model.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2160" data-file-height="2160" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/MacBook_Air" title="MacBook Air">MacBook Air</a>, entry-level lightweight laptop</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><a href="/wiki/File:A_2021_14-inch_Silver_MacBook_Pro_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="MacBook Pro, high-performance workstation laptop"><img alt="MacBook Pro, high-performance workstation laptop" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/A_2021_14-inch_Silver_MacBook_Pro_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-A_2021_14-inch_Silver_MacBook_Pro_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/A_2021_14-inch_Silver_MacBook_Pro_%28cropped%29.jpg/270px-A_2021_14-inch_Silver_MacBook_Pro_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/A_2021_14-inch_Silver_MacBook_Pro_%28cropped%29.jpg/360px-A_2021_14-inch_Silver_MacBook_Pro_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2831" data-file-height="2565" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/MacBook_Pro" title="MacBook Pro">MacBook Pro</a>, high-performance workstation laptop</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><a href="/wiki/File:M1_iMac_vector.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="iMac, all-in-one desktop"><img alt="iMac, all-in-one desktop" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/M1_iMac_vector.svg/180px-M1_iMac_vector.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/M1_iMac_vector.svg/270px-M1_iMac_vector.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/M1_iMac_vector.svg/360px-M1_iMac_vector.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="433" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/IMac" title="IMac">iMac</a>, <a href="/wiki/All-in-one_computer" title="All-in-one computer">all-in-one</a> desktop</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Mac_Mini_2020_silver.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Mac Mini, entry-level desktop"><img alt="Mac Mini, entry-level desktop" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Mac_Mini_2020_silver.png/180px-Mac_Mini_2020_silver.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Mac_Mini_2020_silver.png/270px-Mac_Mini_2020_silver.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Mac_Mini_2020_silver.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="100" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mac_Mini" title="Mac Mini">Mac Mini</a>, entry-level desktop</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Mac_Studio_(2022)_front.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mac Studio, compact workstation desktop"><img alt="Mac Studio, compact workstation desktop" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Mac_Studio_%282022%29_front.jpg/180px-Mac_Studio_%282022%29_front.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Mac_Studio_%282022%29_front.jpg/270px-Mac_Studio_%282022%29_front.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Mac_Studio_%282022%29_front.jpg/360px-Mac_Studio_%282022%29_front.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4275" data-file-height="2850" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mac_Studio" title="Mac Studio">Mac Studio</a>, compact workstation desktop</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Mac_Pro_Mockup.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mac Pro, expandable workstation tower"><img alt="Mac Pro, expandable workstation tower" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Mac_Pro_Mockup.svg/74px-Mac_Pro_Mockup.svg.png" decoding="async" width="74" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Mac_Pro_Mockup.svg/111px-Mac_Pro_Mockup.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Mac_Pro_Mockup.svg/148px-Mac_Pro_Mockup.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="1243" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mac_Pro" title="Mac Pro">Mac Pro</a>, expandable workstation tower</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="width:75%; text-align: center;"> <caption>Mac models currently in production<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Release date </th> <th>Model </th> <th>Processor </th></tr> <tr> <td>July 15, 2022 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/MacBook_Air_(Apple_silicon)#M2_and_M3_(2022–present)" title="MacBook Air (Apple silicon)">MacBook Air (M2, 2022)</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Apple_M2" title="Apple M2">Apple M2</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">June 13, 2023 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mac_Studio" title="Mac Studio">Mac Studio</a> (2023) </td> <td>Apple M2 Max or M2 Ultra </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mac_Pro#Apple_silicon_(2023)" title="Mac Pro">Mac Pro (2023)</a> </td> <td>Apple M2 Ultra </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">March 8, 2024 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/MacBook_Air_(Apple_silicon)#M2_and_M3_(2022–present)" title="MacBook Air (Apple silicon)">MacBook Air (13-inch, M3, 2024)</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Apple_M3" title="Apple M3">Apple M3</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/MacBook_Air_(Apple_silicon)#M2_and_M3_(2022–present)" title="MacBook Air (Apple silicon)">MacBook Air (15-inch, M3, 2024)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">November 8, 2024 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/IMac_(Apple_silicon)" title="IMac (Apple silicon)">iMac (24-inch, 2024)</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Apple_M4" title="Apple M4">Apple M4</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mac_Mini" title="Mac Mini">Mac Mini</a> (2024) </td> <td>Apple M4 or M4 Pro </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/MacBook_Pro_(Apple_silicon)#14-inch_and_16-inch_(2021–present)" title="MacBook Pro (Apple silicon)">MacBook Pro (14-inch, 2024)</a> </td> <td>Apple M4, M4 Pro or M4 Max </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/MacBook_Pro_(Apple_silicon)#14-inch_and_16-inch_(2021–present)" title="MacBook Pro (Apple silicon)">MacBook Pro (16-inch, 2024)</a> </td> <td>Apple M4 Pro or M4 Max </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marketing">Marketing</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mac_(computer)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Marketing">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ad_apple_1984.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5d/Ad_apple_1984.jpg/220px-Ad_apple_1984.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/5d/Ad_apple_1984.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="240" /></a><figcaption>The "<a href="/wiki/1984_(advertisement)" title="1984 (advertisement)">1984</a>" advertisement debuted during <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl_XVIII" title="Super Bowl XVIII">Super Bowl XVIII</a>.</figcaption></figure> The original Macintosh was marketed at <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl_XVIII" title="Super Bowl XVIII">Super Bowl XVIII</a> with the highly acclaimed <a href="/wiki/1984_(advertisement)" title="1984 (advertisement)">"1984"</a> ad, directed by <a href="/wiki/Ridley_Scott" title="Ridley Scott">Ridley Scott</a>. The ad alluded to <a href="/wiki/George_Orwell" title="George Orwell">George Orwell</a>'s novel <a href="/wiki/Nineteen_Eighty-Four" title="Nineteen Eighty-Four">Nineteen Eighty-Four</a>, and symbolized Apple's desire to "rescue" humanity from the conformity of computer industry giant <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHertzfeld2004181–183-159">[159]</a> The ad is now considered a "watershed event" and a "masterpiece."<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> Before the Macintosh, high-tech marketing catered to industry insiders rather than consumers, so journalists covered technology like the "steel or automobiles" industries, with articles written for a highly technical audience.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> The Macintosh launch event pioneered event marketing techniques that have since become "widely emulated" in <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Valley" title="Silicon Valley">Silicon Valley</a>, by creating a mystique about the product and giving an inside look into its creation.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> Apple took a new "multiple exclusives" approach regarding the press, giving "over one hundred interviews to journalists that lasted over six hours apiece", and introduced a new "Test Drive a Macintosh" campaign.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> Apple's brand, which established a "heartfelt connection with consumers", is cited as one of the keys to the Mac's success.<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> After Steve Jobs's return to the company, he launched the <a href="/wiki/Think_different" title="Think different">Think different</a> ad campaign, positioning the Mac as the best computer for "creative people who believe that one person can change the world".<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> The campaign featured black-and-white photographs of luminaries like <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Gandhi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a>, with Jobs saying: "if they ever used a computer, it would have been a Mac".<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> The ad campaign was critically acclaimed and won several awards, including a <a href="/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Commercial" title="Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Commercial">Primetime Emmy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> In the 2000s, Apple continued to use successful marketing campaigns to promote the Mac line, including the <a href="/wiki/Switch_(ad_campaign)" title="Switch (ad campaign)">Switch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Get_a_Mac" title="Get a Mac">Get a Mac</a> campaigns.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> Apple's focus on design and build quality has helped establish the Mac as a high-end, premium brand. The company's emphasis on creating iconic and visually appealing designs for its computers has given them a "human face" and made them stand out in a crowded market.<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> Apple has long made <a href="/wiki/Product_placement" title="Product placement">product placements</a> in high-profile movies and television shows to showcase Mac computers, like <a href="/wiki/Mission:_Impossible" title="Mission: Impossible">Mission: Impossible</a>, <a href="/wiki/Legally_Blonde" title="Legally Blonde">Legally Blonde</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sex_and_the_City" title="Sex and the City">Sex and the City</a>.<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> Apple is known for not allowing producers to show villains using Apple products.<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> Its own shows produced for the <a href="/wiki/Apple_TV%2B" title="Apple TV+">Apple TV+</a> streaming service feature prominent use of MacBooks.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> The Mac is known for its highly <a href="/wiki/Brand_loyalty" title="Brand loyalty">loyal</a> customer base. In 2022, the American Customer Satisfaction Index gave the Mac the highest customer satisfaction score of any personal computer, at 82 out of 100.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> In that year, Apple was the fourth largest vendor of personal computers, with a market share of 8.9%.<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hardware">Hardware</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mac_(computer)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Hardware">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mac_Pro_2019_on_wheels.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Mac_Pro_2019_on_wheels.jpg/220px-Mac_Pro_2019_on_wheels.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Mac_Pro_2019_on_wheels.jpg/330px-Mac_Pro_2019_on_wheels.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Mac_Pro_2019_on_wheels.jpg/440px-Mac_Pro_2019_on_wheels.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Mac_Pro" title="Mac Pro">Mac Pro</a> from 2019 being used for <a href="/wiki/Color_grading" title="Color grading">color grading</a>.</figcaption></figure> Apple outsources the production of its hardware to Asian <a href="/wiki/Original_equipment_manufacturer" title="Original equipment manufacturer">manufacturers</a> like <a href="/wiki/Foxconn" title="Foxconn">Foxconn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pegatron" title="Pegatron">Pegatron</a>.<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMickle2022pages_97-99,_237-239-181">[181]</a> As a highly vertically integrated company developing its own operating system and chips, it has tight control over all aspects of its products and deep integration between hardware and software.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> All Macs in production use <a href="/wiki/ARM_architecture_family" title="ARM architecture family">ARM</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Apple_silicon" title="Apple silicon">Apple silicon</a> processors and have been praised for their performance and power efficiency.<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> They can run Intel apps through the <a href="/wiki/Rosetta_(software)" title="Rosetta (software)">Rosetta 2</a> translation layer, and <a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a> and <a href="/wiki/IPadOS" title="IPadOS">iPadOS</a> apps distributed via the <a href="/wiki/App_Store_(iOS/iPadOS)" class="mw-redirect" title="App Store (iOS/iPadOS)">App Store</a>.<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> These Mac models come equipped with high-speed <a href="/wiki/Thunderbolt_(interface)" title="Thunderbolt (interface)">Thunderbolt 4</a> or <a href="/wiki/USB4" title="USB4">USB 4</a> connectivity, with speeds up to 40 Gbit/s.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> Apple silicon Macs have custom <a href="/wiki/Integrated_graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated graphics">integrated graphics</a> rather than graphics cards.<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> MacBooks are recharged with either USB-C or <a href="/wiki/MagSafe" title="MagSafe">MagSafe</a> connectors, depending on the model.<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> Apple sells accessories for the Mac, including the <a href="/wiki/Apple_Studio_Display" title="Apple Studio Display">Studio Display</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pro_Display_XDR" title="Pro Display XDR">Pro Display XDR</a> external monitors,<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> the <a href="/wiki/AirPods" title="AirPods">AirPods</a> line of wireless headphones,<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apple_keyboards" title="Apple keyboards">keyboards</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apple_pointing_devices" title="Apple pointing devices">mice</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Magic_Keyboard_(Mac)" title="Magic Keyboard (Mac)">Magic Keyboard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magic_Trackpad" title="Magic Trackpad">Magic Trackpad</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Magic_Mouse" title="Magic Mouse">Magic Mouse</a>.<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Software">Software</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mac_(computer)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Software">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Screenshot_of_macOS_Sequoia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7b/Screenshot_of_macOS_Sequoia.png/220px-Screenshot_of_macOS_Sequoia.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7b/Screenshot_of_macOS_Sequoia.png/330px-Screenshot_of_macOS_Sequoia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/7b/Screenshot_of_macOS_Sequoia.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="250" /></a><figcaption>The latest release of macOS, <a href="/wiki/MacOS_Sequoia" title="MacOS Sequoia">Sequoia</a>, was released in 2024.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_macOS" title="Architecture of macOS">Architecture of macOS</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mac_operating_systems" title="Mac operating systems">Mac operating systems</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #e4e4f0; padding: 0 3px; margin-top: 3px;;color: var(--color-base)">Features</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_version_history" title="MacOS version history">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_transition_to_Intel_processors" title="Mac transition to Intel processors">Transition to Intel processors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_transition_to_Apple_silicon" title="Mac transition to Apple silicon">Transition to Apple silicon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_macOS" title="Architecture of macOS">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_built-in_macOS_apps" title="List of built-in macOS apps">Built-in apps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mac_software" title="List of Mac software">List of applications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mac_games" title="List of Mac games">List of games</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #e4e4f0; padding: 0 3px; margin-top: 3px;;color: var(--color-base)">Versions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rhapsody_(operating_system)" title="Rhapsody (operating system)">Rhapsody (Developer Release)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Server_1.0" title="Mac OS X Server 1.0">Hera (Server 1.0)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Public_Beta" title="Mac OS X Public Beta">Kodiak (Public Beta)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_10.0" title="Mac OS X 10.0">Cheetah (10.0)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_10.1" title="Mac OS X 10.1">Puma (10.1)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Jaguar" title="Mac OS X Jaguar">Jaguar (10.2)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Panther" title="Mac OS X Panther">Panther (10.3)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Tiger" title="Mac OS X Tiger">Tiger (10.4)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Leopard" title="Mac OS X Leopard">Leopard (10.5)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Snow_Leopard" title="Mac OS X Snow Leopard">Snow Leopard (10.6)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OS_X_Lion" title="OS X Lion">Lion (10.7)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OS_X_Mountain_Lion" title="OS X Mountain Lion">Mountain Lion (10.8)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OS_X_Mavericks" title="OS X Mavericks">Mavericks (10.9)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OS_X_Yosemite" title="OS X Yosemite">Yosemite (10.10)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OS_X_El_Capitan" title="OS X El Capitan">El Capitan (10.11)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Sierra" title="MacOS Sierra">Sierra (10.12)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_High_Sierra" title="MacOS High Sierra">High Sierra (10.13)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Mojave" title="MacOS Mojave">Mojave (10.14)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Catalina" title="MacOS Catalina">Catalina (10.15)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Big_Sur" title="MacOS Big Sur">Big Sur (11)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Monterey" title="MacOS Monterey">Monterey (12)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Ventura" title="MacOS Ventura">Ventura (13)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Sonoma" title="MacOS Sonoma">Sonoma (14)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Sequoia" title="MacOS Sequoia">Sequoia (15)</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #e4e4f0; padding: 0 3px; margin-top: 3px;;color: var(--color-base)">Applications</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mac_App_Store" title="Mac App Store">App Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_built-in_macOS_apps#Automator" title="List of built-in macOS apps">Automator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Books" title="Apple Books">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calculator_(Apple)" title="Calculator (Apple)">Calculator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_(Apple)" title="Calendar (Apple)">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_built-in_macOS_apps#Chess" title="List of built-in macOS apps">Chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contacts_(Apple)" title="Contacts (Apple)">Contacts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dashboard_(macOS)" title="Dashboard (macOS)">Dashboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_(software)" title="Dictionary (software)">Dictionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD_Player_(macOS)" class="mw-redirect" title="DVD Player (macOS)">DVD Player</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FaceTime" title="FaceTime">FaceTime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finder_(software)" title="Finder (software)">Finder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_Center" title="Game Center">Game Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grapher" title="Grapher">Grapher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITunes" title="ITunes">iTunes</a> (<a href="/wiki/History_of_iTunes" title="History of iTunes">history</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Launchpad_(macOS)" class="mw-redirect" title="Launchpad (macOS)">Launchpad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Mail" title="Apple Mail">Mail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messages_(Apple)" title="Messages (Apple)">Messages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Music (software)">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notes_(Apple)" title="Notes (Apple)">Notes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notification_Center" title="Notification Center">Notification Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photo_Booth" title="Photo Booth">Photo Booth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Podcasts" title="Apple Podcasts">Podcasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photos_(Apple)" title="Photos (Apple)">Photos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preview_(macOS)" title="Preview (macOS)">Preview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QuickTime" title="QuickTime">QuickTime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reminders_(Apple)" title="Reminders (Apple)">Reminders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari</a> (<a href="/wiki/Safari_version_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Safari version history">version history</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_(software)" title="Sherlock (software)">Sherlock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stickies_(Apple)" title="Stickies (Apple)">Stickies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TextEdit" title="TextEdit">TextEdit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_Machine_(macOS)" title="Time Machine (macOS)">Time Machine</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #e4e4f0; padding: 0 3px; margin-top: 3px;;color: var(--color-base)">Utilities</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Activity_Monitor_(macOS)" class="mw-redirect" title="Activity Monitor (macOS)">Activity Monitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AirPort_Utility" class="mw-redirect" title="AirPort Utility">AirPort Utility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archive_Utility" class="mw-redirect" title="Archive Utility">Archive Utility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_MIDI_Setup" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio MIDI Setup">Audio MIDI Setup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bluetooth_File_Exchange" class="mw-redirect" title="Bluetooth File Exchange">Bluetooth File Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ColorSync" title="ColorSync">ColorSync</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Console_(macOS)" class="mw-redirect" title="Console (macOS)">Console</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crash_Reporter_(macOS)" class="mw-redirect" title="Crash Reporter (macOS)">Crash Reporter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DigitalColor_Meter" class="mw-redirect" title="DigitalColor Meter">DigitalColor Meter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directory_Utility" class="mw-redirect" title="Directory Utility">Directory Utility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DiskImageMounter" class="mw-redirect" title="DiskImageMounter">DiskImageMounter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disk_Utility" title="Disk Utility">Disk Utility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Font_Book" title="Font Book">Font Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grab_(macOS)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grab (macOS)">Grab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Help_Viewer" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Help Viewer">Help Viewer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image_Capture" class="mw-redirect" title="Image Capture">Image Capture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Installer_(macOS)" class="mw-redirect" title="Installer (macOS)">Installer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keychain_Access" class="mw-redirect" title="Keychain Access">Keychain Access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migration_Assistant_(Apple)" class="mw-redirect" title="Migration Assistant (Apple)">Migration Assistant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_Utility" class="mw-redirect" title="Network Utility">Network Utility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ODBC_Administrator" class="mw-redirect" title="ODBC Administrator">ODBC Administrator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remote_Install_Mac_OS_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Remote Install Mac OS X">Remote Install Mac OS X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_Preferences" class="mw-redirect" title="System Preferences">System Preferences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_Information_(Mac_OS)" class="mw-redirect" title="System Information (Mac OS)">System Information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terminal_(macOS)" title="Terminal (macOS)">Terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Access" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal Access">Universal Access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VoiceOver" title="VoiceOver">VoiceOver</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #e4e4f0; padding: 0 3px; margin-top: 3px;;color: var(--color-base)">Related</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classic_Mac_OS" title="Classic Mac OS">Classic Mac OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copland_(operating_system)" title="Copland (operating system)">Copland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NeXTSTEP" title="NeXTSTEP">NeXTSTEP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhapsody_(operating_system)" title="Rhapsody (operating system)">Rhapsody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darwin_(operating_system)" title="Darwin (operating system)">Darwin</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:MacOS_sidebar" title="Template:MacOS sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:MacOS_sidebar" title="Template talk:MacOS sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:MacOS_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:MacOS sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Macs run the macOS operating system, which is the <a href="/wiki/Usage_share_of_operating_systems#Desktop_and_laptop_computers" title="Usage share of operating systems">second most widely used desktop OS</a> according to <a href="/wiki/StatCounter" title="StatCounter">StatCounter</a>.<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a> Macs can also run <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>, or other operating systems through <a href="/wiki/Virtualization" title="Virtualization">virtualization</a>, emulation, or <a href="/wiki/Multi-booting" title="Multi-booting">multi-booting</a>.<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> macOS is the successor of the <a href="/wiki/Classic_Mac_OS" title="Classic Mac OS">classic Mac OS</a>, which had nine releases between 1984 and 1999. The last version of classic Mac OS, <a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_9" title="Mac OS 9">Mac OS 9</a>, was introduced in 1999. Mac OS 9 was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">Mac OS X</a> in 2001.<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> Over the years, Mac OS X was rebranded first to OS X and later to macOS.<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a> macOS is a derivative of NextSTEP and <a href="/wiki/FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a>. It uses the <a href="/wiki/XNU" title="XNU">XNU</a> kernel, and the core of macOS has been open-sourced as the <a href="/wiki/Darwin_(operating_system)" title="Darwin (operating system)">Darwin</a> operating system.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh200634–36-198">[198]</a> macOS features the <a href="/wiki/Aqua_(user_interface)" title="Aqua (user interface)">Aqua</a> user interface, the <a href="/wiki/Cocoa_(API)" title="Cocoa (API)">Cocoa</a> set of frameworks, and the <a href="/wiki/Objective-C" title="Objective-C">Objective-C</a> and <a href="/wiki/Swift_(programming_language)" title="Swift (programming language)">Swift</a> programming languages.<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a> Macs are deeply integrated with other Apple devices, including the iPhone and iPad, through <a href="/wiki/OS_X_Yosemite#Continuity" title="OS X Yosemite">Continuity</a> features like <a href="/wiki/OS_X_Yosemite#Continuity" title="OS X Yosemite">Handoff</a>, <a href="/wiki/MacOS_Catalina#Sidecar" title="MacOS Catalina">Sidecar</a>, <a href="/wiki/MacOS_Monterey#Changes" title="MacOS Monterey">Universal Control</a>, and <a href="/wiki/MacOS_Sierra#Auto_Unlock_and_Universal_Clipboard" title="MacOS Sierra">Universal Clipboard</a>.<a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a> The first version of Mac OS X, version <a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_10.0" title="Mac OS X 10.0">10.0</a>, was released in March 2001.<a href="#cite_note-:11-201">[201]</a> Subsequent releases introduced major changes and features to the operating system. <a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Tiger" title="Mac OS X Tiger">10.4 Tiger</a> added <a href="/wiki/Spotlight_(Apple)" title="Spotlight (Apple)">Spotlight</a> search;<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Snow_Leopard" title="Mac OS X Snow Leopard">10.6 Snow Leopard</a> brought refinements, stability, and full <a href="/wiki/64-bit_computing" title="64-bit computing">64-bit</a> support;<a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a> <a href="/wiki/OS_X_Lion" title="OS X Lion">10.7 Lion</a> introduced many <a href="/wiki/IPad_(1st_generation)" title="IPad (1st generation)">iPad</a>-inspired features;<a href="#cite_note-:1-66">[66]</a> <a href="/wiki/OS_X_Yosemite" title="OS X Yosemite">10.10 Yosemite</a> introduced a complete user interface revamp, replacing <a href="/wiki/Skeuomorph" title="Skeuomorph">skeuomorphic</a> designs with <a href="/wiki/IOS_7" title="IOS 7">iOS 7</a>-esque <a href="/wiki/Flat_design" title="Flat design">flat</a> designs;<a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a> <a href="/wiki/MacOS_Sierra" title="MacOS Sierra">10.12 Sierra</a> added the <a href="/wiki/Siri" title="Siri">Siri</a> voice assistant and <a href="/wiki/Apple_File_System" title="Apple File System">Apple File System</a> (APFS) support;<a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a> <a href="/wiki/MacOS_Mojave" title="MacOS Mojave">10.14 Mojave</a> added a dark user interface mode;<a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a> <a href="/wiki/MacOS_Catalina" title="MacOS Catalina">10.15 Catalina</a> dropped support for 32-bit apps;<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a> <a href="/wiki/MacOS_Big_Sur" title="MacOS Big Sur">11 Big Sur</a> introduced an iOS-inspired redesign of the user interface,<a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a> <a href="/wiki/MacOS_Monterey" title="MacOS Monterey">12 Monterey</a> added the <a href="/wiki/Shortcuts_(app)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shortcuts (app)">Shortcuts</a> app, Low Power Mode, and AirPlay to Mac;<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a> and <a href="/wiki/MacOS_Ventura" title="MacOS Ventura">13 Ventura</a> added Stage Manager, Continuity Camera, and <a href="/wiki/Passkey_(authentication)" class="mw-redirect" title="Passkey (authentication)">passkeys</a>.<a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a> The Mac has a <a href="/wiki/List_of_Mac_software" title="List of Mac software">variety of apps</a> available, including cross-platform apps like <a href="/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome">Google Chrome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office" title="Microsoft Office">Microsoft Office</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Creative_Cloud" title="Adobe Creative Cloud">Adobe Creative Cloud</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wolfram_Mathematica" title="Wolfram Mathematica">Mathematica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Visual_Studio_Code" title="Visual Studio Code">Visual Studio Code</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ableton_Live" title="Ableton Live">Ableton Live</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cinema_4D" title="Cinema 4D">Cinema 4D</a>.<a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a> Apple has also developed several apps for the Mac, including <a href="/wiki/Final_Cut_Pro" title="Final Cut Pro">Final Cut Pro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Logic_Pro" title="Logic Pro">Logic Pro</a>, <a href="/wiki/IWork" title="IWork">iWork</a>, <a href="/wiki/GarageBand" title="GarageBand">GarageBand</a>, and <a href="/wiki/IMovie" title="IMovie">iMovie</a>.<a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a> A large amount of <a href="/wiki/Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">open-source software</a> applications run natively on macOS, such as <a href="/wiki/LibreOffice" title="LibreOffice">LibreOffice</a>, <a href="/wiki/VLC_media_player" title="VLC media player">VLC</a>, and <a href="/wiki/GIMP" title="GIMP">GIMP</a>,<a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a> and command-line programs, which can be installed through <a href="/wiki/Macports" class="mw-redirect" title="Macports">Macports</a> and <a href="/wiki/Homebrew_(package_manager)" title="Homebrew (package manager)">Homebrew</a>.<a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a> Many applications for <a href="/wiki/Linux_kernel" title="Linux kernel">Linux</a> or <a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Software_Distribution" title="Berkeley Software Distribution">BSD</a> also run on macOS, often using <a href="/wiki/X_Window_System" title="X Window System">X11</a>.<a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a> Apple's official integrated development environment (<a href="/wiki/Integrated_development_environment" title="Integrated development environment">IDE</a>) is <a href="/wiki/Xcode" title="Xcode">Xcode</a>, allowing developers to create apps for the Mac and other Apple platforms.<a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a> The latest release of macOS is <a href="/wiki/MacOS_Sequoia" title="MacOS Sequoia">macOS 15 Sequoia</a>, released on September 16, 2024.<a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Timeline">Timeline</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mac_(computer)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Timeline">edit</a>]</div> <div style="width:100%; overflow: auto;"> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Timeline of Mac model families <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Timeline_of_Mac_model_families" title="Template:Timeline of Mac model families"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Timeline_of_Mac_model_families" title="Template talk:Timeline of Mac model families"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Timeline_of_Mac_model_families" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Timeline of Mac model families"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td><div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_elks66wkgyvg88gbn9ygu6l8vgop7od"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_Vision_Pro" coords="1075,217,1167,237" title="Apple Vision Pro" alt="Apple Vision Pro" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_Watch" coords="855,217,919,237" title="Apple Watch" alt="Apple Watch" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/iPad" coords="714,217,772,237" title="iPad" alt="iPad" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/iPhone" coords="644,217,713,237" title="iPhone" alt="iPhone" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/iPod" coords="488,217,547,237" title="iPod" alt="iPod" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_Newton" coords="268,217,371,237" title="Apple Newton" alt="Apple Newton" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_II" coords="8,217,88,237" title="Apple II" alt="Apple II" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/MacBook_Air_(Apple_silicon)" coords="1006,175,1192,195" title="MacBook Air (Apple silicon)" alt="MacBook Air (Apple silicon)" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/MacBook_Pro_(Apple_silicon)" coords="1006,154,1192,175" title="MacBook Pro (Apple silicon)" alt="MacBook Pro (Apple silicon)" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/12%2Dinch_MacBook" coords="854,196,929,216" title="12-inch MacBook" alt="12-inch MacBook" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/MacBook_(2006%E2%80%932012)" coords="613,196,688,216" title="MacBook (2006–2012)" alt="MacBook (2006–2012)" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/MacBook_Air_(Intel%2Dbased)" coords="660,175,835,195" title="MacBook Air (Intel-based)" alt="MacBook Air (Intel-based)" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/MacBook_Pro_(Intel%2Dbased)" coords="607,154,782,175" title="MacBook Pro (Intel-based)" alt="MacBook Pro (Intel-based)" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/PowerBook_G4" coords="523,175,604,195" title="PowerBook G4" alt="PowerBook G4" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/PowerBook_G4" coords="523,154,620,175" title="PowerBook G4" alt="PowerBook G4" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/PowerBook_G4" coords="469,154,533,175" title="PowerBook G4" alt="PowerBook G4" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/PowerBook_G3" coords="383,154,447,175" title="PowerBook G3" alt="PowerBook G3" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/PowerBook" coords="322,154,392,175" title="PowerBook" alt="PowerBook" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/iBook" coords="429,196,493,216" title="iBook" alt="iBook" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/PowerBook_500_series" coords="288,154,358,175" title="PowerBook 500 series" alt="PowerBook 500 series" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/PowerBook_2400c" coords="369,175,433,195" title="PowerBook 2400c" alt="PowerBook 2400c" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/PowerBook" coords="219,154,305,175" title="PowerBook" alt="PowerBook" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_IIe_Card" coords="206,196,337,216" title="Apple IIe Card" alt="Apple IIe Card" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/PowerBook_Duo" coords="246,175,354,195" title="PowerBook Duo" alt="PowerBook Duo" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Macintosh_Portable" coords="162,154,243,175" title="Macintosh Portable" alt="Macintosh Portable" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Mac_Pro" coords="1076,133,1240,154" title="Mac Pro" alt="Mac Pro" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Mac_Studio" coords="1042,112,1134,133" title="Mac Studio" alt="Mac Studio" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Xserve" coords="625,112,727,133" title="Xserve" alt="Xserve" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Mac_Pro" coords="620,133,695,154" title="Mac Pro" alt="Mac Pro" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Xserve" coords="550,112,636,133" title="Xserve" alt="Xserve" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Power_Mac_G5" coords="534,133,637,154" title="Power Mac G5" alt="Power Mac G5" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Xserve" coords="505,112,574,133" title="Xserve" alt="Xserve" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Power_Mac_G4" coords="431,133,533,154" title="Power Mac G4" alt="Power Mac G4" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Power_Mac_G4_Cube" coords="456,112,514,133" title="Power Mac G4 Cube" alt="Power Mac G4 Cube" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_G3" coords="383,133,447,154" title="Power Macintosh G3" alt="Power Macintosh G3" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Twentieth_Anniversary_Macintosh" coords="371,112,468,133" title="Twentieth Anniversary Macintosh" alt="Twentieth Anniversary Macintosh" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh" coords="284,133,403,154" title="Power Macintosh" alt="Power Macintosh" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra" coords="219,112,344,133" title="Macintosh Quadra" alt="Macintosh Quadra" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Macintosh_LC_family" coords="191,91,277,112" title="Macintosh LC family" alt="Macintosh LC family" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Macintosh_II_series" coords="93,133,196,154" title="Macintosh II series" alt="Macintosh II series" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Macintosh_XL" coords="35,91,82,112" title="Macintosh XL" alt="Macintosh XL" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_Lisa" coords="8,91,66,112" title="Apple Lisa" alt="Apple Lisa" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Mac_Mini" coords="1006,70,1176,91" title="Mac Mini" alt="Mac Mini" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/iMac_(Apple_silicon)" coords="1020,28,1167,49" title="iMac (Apple silicon)" alt="iMac (Apple silicon)" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Mac_Mini" coords="608,70,766,91" title="Mac Mini" alt="Mac Mini" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/iMac_Pro" coords="927,49,1008,70" title="iMac Pro" alt="iMac Pro" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/iMac_(Intel%2Dbased)" coords="604,28,740,49" title="iMac (Intel-based)" alt="iMac (Intel-based)" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Mac_Mini" coords="577,70,636,91" title="Mac Mini" alt="Mac Mini" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/eMac" coords="503,49,561,70" title="eMac" alt="eMac" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/iMac_G5" coords="566,28,641,49" title="iMac G5" alt="iMac G5" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Macintosh_TV" coords="273,49,321,70" title="Macintosh TV" alt="Macintosh TV" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/iMac_G4" coords="496,28,571,49" title="iMac G4" alt="iMac G4" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Macintosh_Color_Classic" coords="254,70,363,91" title="Macintosh Color Classic" alt="Macintosh Color Classic" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Macintosh_Classic_II" coords="219,49,310,70" title="Macintosh Classic II" alt="Macintosh Classic II" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/iMac" coords="397,28,455,49" title="iMac" alt="iMac" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Macintosh_Classic" coords="191,70,266,91" title="Macintosh Classic" alt="Macintosh Classic" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Macintosh_SE/30" coords="144,49,208,70" title="Macintosh SE/30" alt="Macintosh SE/30" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Macintosh_Performa" coords="243,28,324,49" title="Macintosh Performa" alt="Macintosh Performa" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Macintosh_SE_FDHD" coords="159,70,217,91" title="Macintosh SE FDHD" alt="Macintosh SE FDHD" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Macintosh_512Ke" coords="69,49,133,70" title="Macintosh 512Ke" alt="Macintosh 512Ke" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Macintosh_Plus" coords="63,28,121,49" title="Macintosh Plus" alt="Macintosh Plus" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Macintosh_SE" coords="93,70,140,91" title="Macintosh SE" alt="Macintosh SE" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Macintosh_512K" coords="26,49,85,70" title="Macintosh 512K" alt="Macintosh 512K" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Macintosh_128K" coords="9,28,68,49" title="Macintosh 128K" alt="Macintosh 128K" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_silicon" coords="1081,5,1140,29" title="Apple silicon" alt="Apple silicon" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/UEFI" coords="880,5,939,29" title="UEFI" alt="UEFI" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/New_World_ROM" coords="447,5,572,29" title="New World ROM" alt="New World ROM" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Old_World_ROM" coords="149,5,274,29" title="Old World ROM" alt="Old World ROM" /></map><img usemap="#timeline_elks66wkgyvg88gbn9ygu6l8vgop7od" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/elks66wkgyvg88gbn9ygu6l8vgop7od.png" /></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Apple_II_series" title="Timeline of the Apple II series">Timeline of the Apple II series</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Mac_models" title="List of Mac models">List of Mac models</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Apple_Inc._products" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of Apple Inc. products">Timeline of Apple Inc. products</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> Source: Glen Sanford, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apple-history.com/">Apple History</a>, apple-history.com <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mac_(computer)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer200467–68-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinzmayer200467–68_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinzmayer200467–68_1-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFLinzmayer2004">Linzmayer 2004</a>, pp. 67–68. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELevy200090–101,_135–138-2"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevy200090–101,_135–138_2-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLevy2000">Levy 2000</a>, pp. 90–101, 135–138. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalone1999232–244-3"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalone1999232–244_3-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMalone1999">Malone 1999</a>, 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Retrieved December 16, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Macworld&rft.atitle=The+new+MacBook+Pro+isn%27t+just+a+laptop%2C+it%27s+a+strategy+shift&rft.date=2016-11-01&rft.aulast=Simon&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.macworld.com%2Farticle%2F229071%2Fthe-new-macbook-pro-isnt-just-a-laptop-its-a-strategy-shift.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMac+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSnell2016" class="citation web cs1">Snell, Jason (November 2, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.macworld.com/article/229079/why-2016-is-such-a-terrible-year-for-the-mac.html">"Why 2016 is such a terrible year for the Mac"</a>. 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Retrieved December 16, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Macworld&rft.atitle=Why+2016+is+such+a+terrible+year+for+the+Mac&rft.date=2016-11-02&rft.aulast=Snell&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.macworld.com%2Farticle%2F229079%2Fwhy-2016-is-such-a-terrible-year-for-the-mac.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMac+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKastrenakes2017" class="citation web cs1">Kastrenakes, Jacob (April 4, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2017/4/4/15175994/apple-mac-pro-failure-admission">"Apple admits the Mac Pro was a mess"</a>. 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Retrieved October 9, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BuzzFeed+News&rft.atitle=Apple+Says+It+Is+%22Completely+Rethinking%22+The+Mac+Pro&rft.date=2017-04-04&rft.aulast=Paczkowski&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.buzzfeednews.com%2Farticle%2Fjohnpaczkowski%2Fapple-says-it-is-completely-rethinking-the-mac-pro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMac+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKastrenakes2017" class="citation web cs1">Kastrenakes, Jacob (April 4, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2017/4/4/15175994/apple-mac-pro-failure-admission">"Apple admits the Mac Pro was a mess"</a>. 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Retrieved September 29, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jony+Ive%3A+The+Genius+Behind+Apple%27s+Greatest+Products&rft.pub=Penguin+Books+Limited&rft.date=2013-11-18&rft.isbn=978-0-670-92325-0&rft.aulast=Kahney&rft.aufirst=Leander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCRZuAAAAQBAJ%26q%3DJonyIve%253A%2BThe%2BGenius%2BBehind%2BApple%2527s%2BGreatest%2BProducts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMac+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStampler" class="citation web cs1">Stampler, Laura. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/apple-product-placements-in-tv-and-movies-2012-8">"12 Excellent Examples Of How Apple Product Placements Rule Hollywood"</a>. 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Retrieved September 29, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=12+Excellent+Examples+Of+How+Apple+Product+Placements+Rule+Hollywood&rft.aulast=Stampler&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fapple-product-placements-in-tv-and-movies-2012-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMac+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrodkin2020" class="citation web cs1">Brodkin, Jon (February 26, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2020/02/apple-wont-let-filmmakers-put-iphones-in-villains-hands-rian-johnson-says">"Apple tells moviemakers that villains can't use iPhones, Rian Johnson says"</a>. Ars Technica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220815112059/https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2020/02/apple-wont-let-filmmakers-put-iphones-in-villains-hands-rian-johnson-says">Archived</a> from the original on August 15, 2022. Retrieved September 29, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ars+Technica&rft.atitle=Apple+tells+moviemakers+that+villains+can%27t+use+iPhones%2C+Rian+Johnson+says&rft.date=2020-02-26&rft.aulast=Brodkin&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Ftech-policy%2F2020%2F02%2Fapple-wont-let-filmmakers-put-iphones-in-villains-hands-rian-johnson-says&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMac+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/video/series/in-depth-features/hundreds-of-iphones-are-in-ted-lasso-theyre-more-strategic-than-you-think/BF83B882-AA90-46B2-9703-9D9689778D8D">"Hundreds of iPhones Are in 'Ted Lasso.' They're More Strategic Than You Think"</a>. The Wall Street Journal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220928003318/https://www.wsj.com/video/series/in-depth-features/hundreds-of-iphones-are-in-ted-lasso-theyre-more-strategic-than-you-think/BF83B882-AA90-46B2-9703-9D9689778D8D">Archived</a> from the original on September 28, 2022. Retrieved September 29, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Hundreds+of+iPhones+Are+in+%27Ted+Lasso.%27+They%27re+More+Strategic+Than+You+Think.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Fvideo%2Fseries%2Fin-depth-features%2Fhundreds-of-iphones-are-in-ted-lasso-theyre-more-strategic-than-you-think%2FBF83B882-AA90-46B2-9703-9D9689778D8D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMac+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zdnet.com/home-and-office/kitchen-household/consumers-crave-macs-and-lg-appliances-says-american-customer-satisfaction-index/">"Apple tops the PC satisfaction index again. But Samsung has narrowed the gap"</a>. ZDNet. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220928055131/https://www.zdnet.com/home-and-office/kitchen-household/consumers-crave-macs-and-lg-appliances-says-american-customer-satisfaction-index">Archived</a> from the original on September 28, 2022. Retrieved September 29, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ZDNet&rft.atitle=Apple+tops+the+PC+satisfaction+index+again.+But+Samsung+has+narrowed+the+gap&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zdnet.com%2Fhome-and-office%2Fkitchen-household%2Fconsumers-crave-macs-and-lg-appliances-says-american-customer-satisfaction-index%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMac+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdorno2022" class="citation web cs1">Adorno, José (April 11, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://9to5mac.com/2022/04/11/mac-market-bucks-trend-with-continued-growth-while-pc-shipments-slow">"Mac market bucks trend with continued growth while PC shipments slow"</a>. 9to5Mac. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220412084552/https://9to5mac.com/2022/04/11/mac-market-bucks-trend-with-continued-growth-while-pc-shipments-slow">Archived</a> from the original on April 12, 2022. Retrieved September 29, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=9to5Mac&rft.atitle=Mac+market+bucks+trend+with+continued+growth+while+PC+shipments+slow&rft.date=2022-04-11&rft.aulast=Adorno&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F9to5mac.com%2F2022%2F04%2F11%2Fmac-market-bucks-trend-with-continued-growth-while-pc-shipments-slow&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMac+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLovejoy2016" class="citation web cs1">Lovejoy, Ben (July 5, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://9to5mac.com/2016/07/05/foxconn-pegatron-apple-margins">"Foxconn, Pegatron & other Apple suppliers reportedly under pressure as Apple squeezes margins"</a>. 9to5Mac. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220206054114/https://9to5mac.com/2016/07/05/foxconn-pegatron-apple-margins">Archived</a> from the original on February 6, 2022. Retrieved October 4, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=9to5Mac&rft.atitle=Foxconn%2C+Pegatron+%26+other+Apple+suppliers+reportedly+under+pressure+as+Apple+squeezes+margins&rft.date=2016-07-05&rft.aulast=Lovejoy&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F9to5mac.com%2F2016%2F07%2F05%2Ffoxconn-pegatron-apple-margins&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMac+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMickle2022pages_97-99,_237-239-181"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMickle2022pages_97-99,_237-239_181-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMickle2022">Mickle 2022</a>, pages 97-99, 237-239. </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/business/2016/04/16/keeping-it-under-your-hat">"Keeping it under your hat"</a>. The Economist. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0013-0613">0013-0613</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220423195300/https://www.economist.com/business/2016/04/16/keeping-it-under-your-hat">Archived</a> from the original on April 23, 2022. Retrieved October 4, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Keeping+it+under+your+hat&rft.issn=0013-0613&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fbusiness%2F2016%2F04%2F16%2Fkeeping-it-under-your-hat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMac+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.macrumors.com/guide/apple-silicon/">"Apple Silicon: The Complete Guide"</a>. MacRumors. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221003115240/https://www.macrumors.com/guide/apple-silicon/">Archived</a> from the original on October 3, 2022. 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Ars Technica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221007013538/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2020/11/mac-mini-and-apple-silicon-m1-review-not-so-crazy-after-all/">Archived</a> from the original on October 7, 2022. Retrieved November 18, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ars+Technica&rft.atitle=Mac+Mini+and+Apple+Silicon+M1+review%3A+Not+so+crazy+after+all&rft.date=2020-11-19&rft.aulast=Axon&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Fgadgets%2F2020%2F11%2Fmac-mini-and-apple-silicon-m1-review-not-so-crazy-after-all%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMac+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShankland" class="citation web cs1">Shankland, Stephen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnet.com/tech/computing/apple-brings-usb-4-to-its-mac-line-as-it-unveils-computers-with-its-own-m1-chips/">"Apple brings USB 4 to its Mac line as it unveils computers with its own M1 chips"</a>. CNET. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221205042700/https://www.cnet.com/tech/computing/apple-brings-usb-4-to-its-mac-line-as-it-unveils-computers-with-its-own-m1-chips/">Archived</a> from the original on December 5, 2022. Retrieved December 5, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNET&rft.atitle=Apple+brings+USB+4+to+its+Mac+line+as+it+unveils+computers+with+its+own+M1+chips&rft.aulast=Shankland&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnet.com%2Ftech%2Fcomputing%2Fapple-brings-usb-4-to-its-mac-line-as-it-unveils-computers-with-its-own-m1-chips%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMac+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith" class="citation web cs1">Smith, Ryan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.anandtech.com/show/16235/apple-intros-first-three-apple-silicon-macs-late-2020-macbook-air-13inch-macbook-pro-mac-mini">"Apple Intros First Three 'Apple Silicon' Macs: Late 2020 MacBook Air, 13-Inch MacBook Pro, & Mac Mini"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AnandTech" title="AnandTech">AnandTech</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221115205756/https://www.anandtech.com/show/16235/apple-intros-first-three-apple-silicon-macs-late-2020-macbook-air-13inch-macbook-pro-mac-mini">Archived</a> from the original on November 15, 2022. Retrieved November 15, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AnandTech&rft.atitle=Apple+Intros+First+Three+%27Apple+Silicon%27+Macs%3A+Late+2020+MacBook+Air%2C+13-Inch+MacBook+Pro%2C+%26+Mac+Mini&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.anandtech.com%2Fshow%2F16235%2Fapple-intros-first-three-apple-silicon-macs-late-2020-macbook-air-13inch-macbook-pro-mac-mini&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMac+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvans2020" class="citation web cs1">Evans, Jonny (July 7, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.computerworld.com/article/3564527/apple-has-built-its-own-mac-graphics-processors.html">"Apple has built its own Mac graphics processors"</a>. Computerworld. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220119225919/https://www.computerworld.com/article/3564527/apple-has-built-its-own-mac-graphics-processors.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 19, 2022. Retrieved October 4, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Computerworld&rft.atitle=Apple+has+built+its+own+Mac+graphics+processors&rft.date=2020-07-07&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Jonny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.computerworld.com%2Farticle%2F3564527%2Fapple-has-built-its-own-mac-graphics-processors.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMac+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLawler2021" class="citation web cs1">Lawler, Richard (October 18, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2021/10/18/22733119/apple-new-macbook-pro-magsafe-back">"Apple brings MagSafe 3 to the new MacBook Pro"</a>. The Verge. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230111153027/https://www.theverge.com/2021/10/18/22733119/apple-new-macbook-pro-magsafe-back">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2023. Retrieved December 5, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=Apple+brings+MagSafe+3+to+the+new+MacBook+Pro&rft.date=2021-10-18&rft.aulast=Lawler&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2021%2F10%2F18%2F22733119%2Fapple-new-macbook-pro-magsafe-back&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMac+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrunin" class="citation web cs1">Grunin, Lori. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnet.com/tech/computing/apple-studio-display-vs-pro-display-xdr-the-same-yet-not/">"Apple Studio Display vs. Pro Display XDR: The Same, Yet Not"</a>. CNET. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230111153038/https://www.cnet.com/tech/computing/apple-studio-display-vs-pro-display-xdr-the-same-yet-not/">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2023. 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Retrieved December 5, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=Here%27s+how+the+new+AirPods+Pro+compare+to+the+rest+of+Apple%27s+AirPods+lineup&rft.date=2022-09-10&rft.aulast=Vasani&rft.aufirst=Sheena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F23320893%2Fapple-airpods-2-3-pro-max-which-to-buy-price-specs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMac+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiPane" class="citation web cs1">DiPane, Jared. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnet.com/tech/computing/apples-new-two-toned-magic-keyboard-with-touch-id-trackpad-and-mouse-are-now-available/">"Apple's New Two-Toned Magic Keyboard With Touch ID, Trackpad and Mouse Are Now Available"</a>. CNET. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230219193811/https://www.cnet.com/tech/computing/apples-new-two-toned-magic-keyboard-with-touch-id-trackpad-and-mouse-are-now-available/">Archived</a> from the original on February 19, 2023. Retrieved December 5, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNET&rft.atitle=Apple%27s+New+Two-Toned+Magic+Keyboard+With+Touch+ID%2C+Trackpad+and+Mouse+Are+Now+Available&rft.aulast=DiPane&rft.aufirst=Jared&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnet.com%2Ftech%2Fcomputing%2Fapples-new-two-toned-magic-keyboard-with-touch-id-trackpad-and-mouse-are-now-available%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMac+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gs.statcounter.com/os-market-share/desktop/worldwide#monthly-200901-202303">"Desktop Operating System Market Share Worldwide"</a>. 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Retrieved May 6, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=StatCounter+Global+Stats&rft.atitle=Desktop+Operating+System+Market+Share+Worldwide&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgs.statcounter.com%2Fos-market-share%2Fdesktop%2Fworldwide%23monthly-200901-202303&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMac+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarkoff2006" class="citation web cs1">Markoff, John (April 6, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/06/technology/windows-or-mac-apple-says-both.html">"Windows or Mac? Apple Says Both"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230507000029/https://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/06/technology/windows-or-mac-apple-says-both.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 7, 2023. Retrieved May 6, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Windows+or+Mac%3F+Apple+Says+Both&rft.date=2006-04-06&rft.aulast=Markoff&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2006%2F04%2F06%2Ftechnology%2Fwindows-or-mac-apple-says-both.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMac+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHattersley" class="citation web cs1">Hattersley, Lucy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.macworld.com/article/672021/how-to-install-set-up-linux-on-a-mac.html">"How to install Linux and breathe new life into an older Mac"</a>. Macworld. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230506232750/https://www.macworld.com/article/672021/how-to-install-set-up-linux-on-a-mac.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 6, 2023. Retrieved May 6, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Macworld&rft.atitle=How+to+install+Linux+and+breathe+new+life+into+an+older+Mac&rft.aulast=Hattersley&rft.aufirst=Lucy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.macworld.com%2Farticle%2F672021%2Fhow-to-install-set-up-linux-on-a-mac.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMac+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoseph" class="citation web cs1">Joseph, Cliff. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.macworld.com/article/668848/best-virtual-machine-software-for-mac.html">"Best virtual machine software for Mac 2023"</a>. Macworld. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230506232751/https://www.macworld.com/article/668848/best-virtual-machine-software-for-mac.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 6, 2023. Retrieved May 6, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Macworld&rft.atitle=Best+virtual+machine+software+for+Mac+2023&rft.aulast=Joseph&rft.aufirst=Cliff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.macworld.com%2Farticle%2F668848%2Fbest-virtual-machine-software-for-mac.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMac+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin2014" class="citation web cs1">Martin, James (January 24, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnet.com/pictures/looking-back-at-the-mac-os-pictures/7/">"Looking back at the Mac OS (pictures)"</a>. CNET. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221205042701/https://www.cnet.com/pictures/looking-back-at-the-mac-os-pictures/7/">Archived</a> from the original on December 5, 2022. Retrieved December 5, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNET&rft.atitle=Looking+back+at+the+Mac+OS+%28pictures%29&rft.date=2014-01-24&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnet.com%2Fpictures%2Flooking-back-at-the-mac-os-pictures%2F7%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMac+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAxon2021" class="citation web cs1">Axon, Samuel (March 24, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2021/03/its-been-20-years-since-the-launch-of-mac-os-x/">"It's been 20 years since the launch of Mac OS X"</a>. Ars Technica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221205042702/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2021/03/its-been-20-years-since-the-launch-of-mac-os-x/">Archived</a> from the original on December 5, 2022. Retrieved December 5, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ars+Technica&rft.atitle=It%27s+been+20+years+since+the+launch+of+Mac+OS+X&rft.date=2021-03-24&rft.aulast=Axon&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Fgadgets%2F2021%2F03%2Fits-been-20-years-since-the-launch-of-mac-os-x%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMac+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh200634–36-198"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh200634–36_198-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSingh2006">Singh 2006</a>, pp. 34–36. </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPotterHurleyLongOwad2005" class="citation book cs1">Potter, Bruce; Hurley, Chris; Long, Johnny; Owad, Tom; Rogers, Russ (December 12, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=K_3Vyi4bMaAC&dq=macos+intuitive+-wikipedia&pg=PA54">OS X for Hackers at Heart</a>. Elsevier. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-08-048948-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-08-048948-3"><bdi>978-0-08-048948-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220929152753/https://books.google.com/books?id=K_3Vyi4bMaAC&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA54&dq=macos+intuitive+-wikipedia&hl=en">Archived</a> from the original on September 29, 2022. Retrieved September 29, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=OS+X+for+Hackers+at+Heart&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2005-12-12&rft.isbn=978-0-08-048948-3&rft.aulast=Potter&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft.au=Hurley%2C+Chris&rft.au=Long%2C+Johnny&rft.au=Owad%2C+Tom&rft.au=Rogers%2C+Russ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DK_3Vyi4bMaAC%26dq%3Dmacos%2Bintuitive%2B-wikipedia%26pg%3DPA54&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMac+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBohn2021" class="citation web cs1">Bohn, Dieter (June 8, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2021/6/8/22523613/macos-monterey-wwdc-apple-ipad">"How Universal Control on macOS Monterey works"</a>. The Verge. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220907021826/https://www.theverge.com/2021/6/8/22523613/macos-monterey-wwdc-apple-ipad">Archived</a> from the original on September 7, 2022. 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Ars Technica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221115214228/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2001/04/macos-x/">Archived</a> from the original on November 15, 2022. Retrieved November 15, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ars+Technica&rft.atitle=Mac+OS+X+10.0&rft.date=2001-04-02&rft.aulast=Siracusa&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Fgadgets%2F2001%2F04%2Fmacos-x%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMac+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiracusa2005" class="citation web cs1">Siracusa, John (April 28, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2005/04/macosx-10-4/">"Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger"</a>. Ars Technica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221205055214/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2005/04/macosx-10-4/">Archived</a> from the original on December 5, 2022. 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Ars Technica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221205055212/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2009/08/mac-os-x-10-6/">Archived</a> from the original on December 5, 2022. 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AnandTech. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221205060033/https://www.anandtech.com/show/8629/looking-at-os-x-yosemite-and-ios-81">Archived</a> from the original on December 5, 2022. Retrieved December 5, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AnandTech&rft.atitle=A+Look+At+OS+X+Yosemite+And+iOS+8.1&rft.date=2014-10-27&rft.aulast=Chester&rft.aufirst=Brandon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.anandtech.com%2Fshow%2F8629%2Flooking-at-os-x-yosemite-and-ios-81&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMac+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCunningham2016" class="citation web cs1">Cunningham, Andrew (September 20, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2016/09/macos-10-12-sierra-the-ars-technica-review/">"macOS 10.12 Sierra: The Ars Technica review"</a>. Ars Technica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221205060023/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2016/09/macos-10-12-sierra-the-ars-technica-review/">Archived</a> from the original on December 5, 2022. Retrieved December 5, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ars+Technica&rft.atitle=macOS+10.12+Sierra%3A+The+Ars+Technica+review&rft.date=2016-09-20&rft.aulast=Cunningham&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Fgadgets%2F2016%2F09%2Fmacos-10-12-sierra-the-ars-technica-review%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMac+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCunningham2018" class="citation web cs1">Cunningham, Andrew (September 24, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/features/2018/09/macos-10-14-mojave-the-ars-technica-review/">"macOS 10.14 Mojave: The Ars Technica review"</a>. Ars Technica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220921225821/https://arstechnica.com/features/2018/09/macos-10-14-mojave-the-ars-technica-review/">Archived</a> from the original on September 21, 2022. 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Ars Technica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210415133817/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2019/10/macos-10-15-catalina-the-ars-technica-review/">Archived</a> from the original on April 15, 2021. 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Ars Technica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210607133944/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2020/11/macos-11-0-big-sur-the-ars-technica-review/">Archived</a> from the original on June 7, 2021. Retrieved December 5, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ars+Technica&rft.atitle=macOS+11.0+Big+Sur%3A+The+Ars+Technica+review&rft.date=2020-11-12&rft.aulast=Cunningham&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Fgadgets%2F2020%2F11%2Fmacos-11-0-big-sur-the-ars-technica-review%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMac+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCunningham2021" class="citation web cs1">Cunningham, Andrew (October 25, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2021/10/macos-12-monterey-the-ars-technica-review/">"macOS 12 Monterey: The Ars Technica review"</a>. Ars Technica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220823105001/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2021/10/macos-12-monterey-the-ars-technica-review/">Archived</a> from the original on August 23, 2022. Retrieved May 6, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ars+Technica&rft.atitle=macOS+12+Monterey%3A+The+Ars+Technica+review&rft.date=2021-10-25&rft.aulast=Cunningham&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Fgadgets%2F2021%2F10%2Fmacos-12-monterey-the-ars-technica-review%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMac+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCunningham2022" class="citation web cs1">Cunningham, Andrew (October 26, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2022/10/macos-13-ventura-the-ars-technica-review/">"macOS 13 Ventura: The Ars Technica review"</a>. Ars Technica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230204233336/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2022/10/macos-13-ventura-the-ars-technica-review/">Archived</a> from the original on February 4, 2023. Retrieved May 6, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ars+Technica&rft.atitle=macOS+13+Ventura%3A+The+Ars+Technica+review&rft.date=2022-10-26&rft.aulast=Cunningham&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Fgadgets%2F2022%2F10%2Fmacos-13-ventura-the-ars-technica-review%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMac+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist" style="display:inline-flex;--size:100%; max-width:max(15em, calc(var(--size) - 3.2em));"><ul style="display:inline-block"><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Furno, Nicolas (September 3, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.macg.co/logiciels/2020/11/apple-m1-les-apps-pretes-et-celles-qui-ne-le-sont-pas-encore-117707">"Apple M1 : les apps optimisées et celles qui ne le sont pas encore"</a>. MacGeneration (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230506235550/https://www.macg.co/logiciels/2020/11/apple-m1-les-apps-pretes-et-celles-qui-ne-le-sont-pas-encore-117707">Archived</a> from the original on May 6, 2023. Retrieved May 6, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MacGeneration&rft.atitle=Apple+M1+%3A+les+apps+optimis%C3%A9es+et+celles+qui+ne+le+sont+pas+encore&rft.date=2021-09-03&rft.aulast=Furno&rft.aufirst=Nicolas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.macg.co%2Flogiciels%2F2020%2F11%2Fapple-m1-les-apps-pretes-et-celles-qui-ne-le-sont-pas-encore-117707&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMac+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1">Berka, Justin (May 3, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2007/05/mathematica-6-0-for-mac-brings-easy-interface-creation/">"Mathematica 6.0 for Mac brings easy interface creation"</a>. Ars Technica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230506235539/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2007/05/mathematica-6-0-for-mac-brings-easy-interface-creation/">Archived</a> from the original on May 6, 2023. Retrieved May 6, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ars+Technica&rft.atitle=Mathematica+6.0+for+Mac+brings+easy+interface+creation&rft.date=2007-05-03&rft.aulast=Berka&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Fgadgets%2F2007%2F05%2Fmathematica-6-0-for-mac-brings-easy-interface-creation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMac+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaslam2020" class="citation web cs1">Haslam, Oliver (November 13, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.redmondpie.com/apple-updates-iwork-imovie-garageband-final-cut-pro-and-logic-pro-to-support-macos-big-sur-and-apple-m1-macs/">"Apple Updates iWork, iMovie, GarageBand, Final Cut Pro And Logic Pro To Support macOS Big Sur And Apple M1 Macs"</a>. RedmondPie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230507001338/https://www.redmondpie.com/apple-updates-iwork-imovie-garageband-final-cut-pro-and-logic-pro-to-support-macos-big-sur-and-apple-m1-macs/">Archived</a> from the original on May 7, 2023. Retrieved May 6, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RedmondPie&rft.atitle=Apple+Updates+iWork%2C+iMovie%2C+GarageBand%2C+Final+Cut+Pro+And+Logic+Pro+To+Support+macOS+Big+Sur+And+Apple+M1+Macs&rft.date=2020-11-13&rft.aulast=Haslam&rft.aufirst=Oliver&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.redmondpie.com%2Fapple-updates-iwork-imovie-garageband-final-cut-pro-and-logic-pro-to-support-macos-big-sur-and-apple-m1-macs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMac+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="display:inline-flex;--size:100%; max-width:max(15em, calc(var(--size) - 3.2em));"><ul style="display:inline-block"><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1">Wayner, Peter (October 15, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.computerworld.com/article/2826407/the-best-free-open-source-software-for-mac-os-x.html">"The best free open source software for Mac OS X"</a>. Computerworld. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230507001041/https://www.computerworld.com/article/2826407/the-best-free-open-source-software-for-mac-os-x.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 7, 2023. Retrieved May 6, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Computerworld&rft.atitle=The+best+free+open+source+software+for+Mac+OS+X&rft.date=2009-10-15&rft.aulast=Wayner&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.computerworld.com%2Farticle%2F2826407%2Fthe-best-free-open-source-software-for-mac-os-x.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMac+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"></li><li>LibreOffice and VLC are at <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1">Jancer, Matt. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/story/best-mac-apps/">"The 27 Best Mac Apps That Will Make Your Life Easier"</a>. Wired. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1059-1028">1059-1028</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230111153018/https://www.wired.com/story/best-mac-apps/">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2023. Retrieved December 8, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=The+27+Best+Mac+Apps+That+Will+Make+Your+Life+Easier&rft.issn=1059-1028&rft.aulast=Jancer&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2Fstory%2Fbest-mac-apps%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMac+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"></li><li>GIMP is at <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1">Girard, Dave (January 14, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2009/01/gimp-2-6-review/">"Suite freedom: a review of GIMP 2.6.4"</a>. Ars Technica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230506235541/https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2009/01/gimp-2-6-review/">Archived</a> from the original on May 6, 2023. Retrieved May 6, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ars+Technica&rft.atitle=Suite+freedom%3A+a+review+of+GIMP+2.6.4&rft.date=2009-01-14&rft.aulast=Girard&rft.aufirst=Dave&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Finformation-technology%2F2009%2F01%2Fgimp-2-6-review%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMac+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAxon2021" class="citation web cs1">Axon, Samuel (February 5, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2021/02/mac-utility-homebrew-finally-gets-native-apple-silicon-and-m1-support/">"Mac utility Homebrew finally gets native Apple Silicon and M1 support"</a>. Ars Technica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221208183415/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2021/02/mac-utility-homebrew-finally-gets-native-apple-silicon-and-m1-support/">Archived</a> from the original on December 8, 2022. Retrieved December 8, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ars+Technica&rft.atitle=Mac+utility+Homebrew+finally+gets+native+Apple+Silicon+and+M1+support&rft.date=2021-02-05&rft.aulast=Axon&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Fgadgets%2F2021%2F02%2Fmac-utility-homebrew-finally-gets-native-apple-silicon-and-m1-support%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMac+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/Porting/Conceptual/PortingUnix/intro/intro.html">"Introduction to Porting UNIX/Linux Applications to OS X"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221112015125/https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/Porting/Conceptual/PortingUnix/intro/intro.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 12, 2022. Retrieved November 12, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+Porting+UNIX%2FLinux+Applications+to+OS+X&rft.pub=Apple&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.apple.com%2Flibrary%2Farchive%2Fdocumentation%2FPorting%2FConceptual%2FPortingUnix%2Fintro%2Fintro.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMac+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2018" class="citation web cs1">Miller, Paul (March 29, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2018/3/29/17173362/apple-swift-playgrounds-xcode-cliff-ipad-learn-to-code-education">"The Xcode cliff: is Apple teaching kids to code, or just about code?"</a>. The Verge. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211210104937/https://www.theverge.com/2018/3/29/17173362/apple-swift-playgrounds-xcode-cliff-ipad-learn-to-code-education">Archived</a> from the original on December 10, 2021. Retrieved October 4, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=The+Xcode+cliff%3A+is+Apple+teaching+kids+to+code%2C+or+just+about+code%3F&rft.date=2018-03-29&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2018%2F3%2F29%2F17173362%2Fapple-swift-playgrounds-xcode-cliff-ipad-learn-to-code-education&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMac+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeater2022" class="citation web cs1">Heater, Brian (October 24, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://techcrunch.com/2022/10/24/a-closer-look-at-macos-ventura/">"A closer look at macOS Ventura"</a>. TechCrunch. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221026091109/https://techcrunch.com/2022/10/24/a-closer-look-at-macos-ventura/">Archived</a> from the original on October 26, 2022. Retrieved October 26, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TechCrunch&rft.atitle=A+closer+look+at+macOS+Ventura&rft.date=2022-10-24&rft.aulast=Heater&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftechcrunch.com%2F2022%2F10%2F24%2Fa-closer-look-at-macos-ventura%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMac+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mac_(computer)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHertzfeld2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andy_Hertzfeld" title="Andy Hertzfeld">Hertzfeld, Andy</a> (2004). Revolution in the Valley: The Insanely Great Story of How the Mac was made. 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New York, NY: <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4516-4853-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4516-4853-9"><bdi>978-1-4516-4853-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Steve+Jobs&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4516-4853-9&rft.aulast=Isaacson&rft.aufirst=Walter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMac+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevy2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Levy" title="Steven Levy">Levy, Steven</a> (June 2000). Insanely Great: The Life and Times of Macintosh, the Computer that Changed Everything. 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(2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/appleconfidentia0000linz">Apple Confidential 2.0: The Definitive History of the World's Most Colorful Company</a>. No Starch Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59327-010-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59327-010-0"><bdi>978-1-59327-010-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Apple+Confidential+2.0%3A+The+Definitive+History+of+the+World%27s+Most+Colorful+Company&rft.pub=No+Starch+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-59327-010-0&rft.aulast=Linzmayer&rft.aufirst=Owen+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fappleconfidentia0000linz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMac+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalone1999" class="citation book cs1">Malone, Michael Shawn (1999). Infinite Loop: How the World's Most Insanely Great Computer Company Went Insane. Currency/Doubleday. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-385-48684-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-385-48684-2"><bdi>978-0-385-48684-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Infinite+Loop%3A+How+the+World%27s+Most+Insanely+Great+Computer+Company+Went+Insane&rft.pub=Currency%2FDoubleday&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-385-48684-2&rft.aulast=Malone&rft.aufirst=Michael+Shawn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMac+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMickle2022" class="citation book cs1">Mickle, Tripp (May 3, 2022). After Steve: How Apple Became a Trillion-Dollar Company and Lost Its Soul. HarperCollins Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-300981-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-300981-3"><bdi>978-0-06-300981-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=After+Steve%3A+How+Apple+Became+a+Trillion-Dollar+Company+and+Lost+Its+Soul&rft.pub=HarperCollins+Publishers&rft.date=2022-05-03&rft.isbn=978-0-06-300981-3&rft.aulast=Mickle&rft.aufirst=Tripp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMac+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchlenderTetzeli2015" class="citation book cs1">Schlender, Brent; Tetzeli, Rick (2015). <a href="/wiki/Becoming_Steve_Jobs" title="Becoming Steve Jobs">Becoming Steve Jobs: The Evolution of a Reckless Upstart into a Visionary Leader</a>. <a href="/wiki/Crown_Publishing_Group" title="Crown Publishing Group">Crown Business</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7710-7914-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7710-7914-6"><bdi>978-0-7710-7914-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Becoming+Steve+Jobs%3A+The+Evolution+of+a+Reckless+Upstart+into+a+Visionary+Leader&rft.pub=Crown+Business&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-7710-7914-6&rft.aulast=Schlender&rft.aufirst=Brent&rft.au=Tetzeli%2C+Rick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMac+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2006" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Amit (June 19, 2006). Mac OS X Internals: A Systems Approach. Addison-Wesley Professional. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-13-270226-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-13-270226-3"><bdi>978-0-13-270226-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mac+OS+X+Internals%3A+A+Systems+Approach&rft.pub=Addison-Wesley+Professional&rft.date=2006-06-19&rft.isbn=978-0-13-270226-3&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Amit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMac+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSandberg-Diment1984" class="citation news cs1">Sandberg-Diment, Erik (January 24, 1984). "Hardware review: Apple Weighs In With Its Macintosh". The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Hardware+review%3A+Apple+Weighs+In+With+Its+Macintosh&rft.date=1984-01-24&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Sandberg-Diment&rft.aufirst=Erik&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMac+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mac_(computer)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFApple_Inc.Raskin1992" class="citation book cs1">Apple Inc.; <a href="/wiki/Jef_Raskin" title="Jef Raskin">Raskin, Jef</a> (1992). Macintosh Human Interface Guidelines. Addison-Wesley Professional. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-201-62216-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-201-62216-5"><bdi>0-201-62216-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Macintosh+Human+Interface+Guidelines&rft.pub=Addison-Wesley+Professional&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-201-62216-5&rft.au=Apple+Inc.&rft.au=Raskin%2C+Jef&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMac+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeutschman2001" class="citation book cs1">Deutschman, Alan (2001). The Second Coming of Steve Jobs. Broadway Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7679-0433-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7679-0433-9"><bdi>978-0-7679-0433-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Second+Coming+of+Steve+Jobs&rft.pub=Broadway+Books&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-7679-0433-9&rft.aulast=Deutschman&rft.aufirst=Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMac+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHertzfeld" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andy_Hertzfeld" title="Andy Hertzfeld">Hertzfeld, Andy</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060424131847/http://www.folklore.org/index.py">"The Original Macintosh"</a>. folklore.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://folklore.org/index.py">the original</a> on April 24, 2006. Retrieved April 24, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Original+Macintosh&rft.pub=folklore.org&rft.aulast=Hertzfeld&rft.aufirst=Andy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffolklore.org%2Findex.py&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMac+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKahney2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Leander_Kahney" title="Leander Kahney">Kahney, Leander</a> (2004). <a href="/wiki/The_Cult_of_Mac" title="The Cult of Mac">The Cult of Mac</a>. No Starch Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-886411-83-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-886411-83-2"><bdi>1-886411-83-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cult+of+Mac&rft.pub=No+Starch+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1-886411-83-2&rft.aulast=Kahney&rft.aufirst=Leander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMac+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKawasaki1989" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Guy_Kawasaki" title="Guy Kawasaki">Kawasaki, Guy</a> (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/macintoshway00kawa">The Macintosh Way</a>. Scott Foresman Trade. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-673-46175-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-673-46175-0"><bdi>0-673-46175-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Macintosh+Way&rft.pub=Scott+Foresman+Trade&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-673-46175-0&rft.aulast=Kawasaki&rft.aufirst=Guy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmacintoshway00kawa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMac+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelby2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Scott_Kelby" title="Scott Kelby">Kelby, Scott</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/macintoshnakedtr00scot">Macintosh... The Naked Truth</a>. New Riders Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7357-1284-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7357-1284-0"><bdi>0-7357-1284-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Macintosh...+The+Naked+Truth&rft.pub=New+Riders+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-7357-1284-0&rft.aulast=Kelby&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmacintoshnakedtr00scot&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMac+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnight2005" class="citation web cs1">Knight, Dan (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lowendmac.com/1984/1984-the-first-macs">"1984: The First Macs"</a>. Low End Mac. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160228025246/http://lowendmac.com/1984/1984-the-first-macs">Archived</a> from the original on February 28, 2016. Retrieved April 24, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1984%3A+The+First+Macs&rft.pub=Low+End+Mac&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Knight&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flowendmac.com%2F1984%2F1984-the-first-macs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMac+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKunkel1997" class="citation book cs1">Kunkel, Paul (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/apple-design">AppleDesign: The Work of the Apple Industrial Design Group</a>. Graphis Incorporated. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-888001-25-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-888001-25-9"><bdi>978-1-888001-25-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=AppleDesign%3A+The+Work+of+the+Apple+Industrial+Design+Group&rft.pub=Graphis+Incorporated&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-1-888001-25-9&rft.aulast=Kunkel&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fapple-design&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMac+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2005" class="citation web cs1">Singh, Amit (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060805104617/http://www.osxbook.com/book/bonus/chapter1/pdf/macosxinternals-singh-1.pdf">"A History of Apple's Operating Systems"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://osxbook.com/book/bonus/chapter1/pdf/macosxinternals-singh-1.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on August 5, 2006. Retrieved April 24, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Apple%27s+Operating+Systems&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Amit&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fosxbook.com%2Fbook%2Fbonus%2Fchapter1%2Fpdf%2Fmacosxinternals-singh-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMac+%28computer%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mac_(computer)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output 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sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Apple_Macintosh" class="extiw" title="commons:Apple Macintosh">Apple Macintosh</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apple.com/mac/">Official website</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Apple_Inc." style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Apple_Inc." title="Template:Apple Inc."><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Apple_Inc." title="Template talk:Apple Inc."><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Apple_Inc." title="Special:EditPage/Template:Apple Inc."><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Apple_Inc." style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Inc.</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Apple_Inc." title="History of Apple Inc.">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Apple_Inc." title="Outline of Apple Inc.">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Apple_Inc._products" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of Apple Inc. products">Timeline of products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_practices_of_Apple" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental practices of Apple">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marketing_of_Apple_Inc." title="Marketing of Apple Inc.">Marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_supply_chain" title="Apple supply chain">Supply chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_and_unions" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple and unions">Trade unions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Apple_Inc._products" title="Category:Apple Inc. products">Products</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Apple_Inc._hardware" title="Category:Apple Inc. hardware">Hardware</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mac</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IMac" title="IMac">iMac</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IMac_Pro" title="IMac Pro">Pro</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacBook" title="MacBook">MacBook</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MacBook_Air" title="MacBook Air">Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacBook_Pro" title="MacBook Pro">Pro</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_Mini" title="Mac Mini">Mini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_Studio" title="Mac Studio">Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_Pro" title="Mac Pro">Pro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/IPod" title="IPod">iPod</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPod_Classic" title="IPod Classic">Classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPod_Mini" title="IPod Mini">Mini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPod_Nano" title="IPod Nano">Nano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPod_Shuffle" title="IPod Shuffle">Shuffle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPod_Touch" title="IPod Touch">Touch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhone</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_hardware" title="IPhone hardware">Hardware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_iPhone" title="History of the iPhone">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_iPhone_models" title="List of iPhone models">iPhone models</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/IPad" title="IPad">iPad</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Mini" title="IPad Mini">Mini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Air" class="mw-redirect" title="IPad Air">Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Pro" title="IPad Pro">Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_iPad_accessories" title="List of iPad accessories">Accessories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/AirPods" title="AirPods">AirPods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AirPods_Pro" title="AirPods Pro">Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AirPods_Max" title="AirPods Max">Max</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_SIM" title="Apple SIM">Apple SIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AirTag" title="AirTag">AirTag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beats_Electronics" title="Beats Electronics">Beats</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beats_Pill" title="Beats Pill">Pill</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HomePod" title="HomePod">HomePod</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HomePod_Mini" title="HomePod Mini">Mini</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_silicon" title="Apple silicon">Silicon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_TV" title="Apple TV">TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Vision_Pro" title="Apple Vision Pro">Vision Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Watch" title="Apple Watch">Watch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Apple_Inc._software" title="Category:Apple Inc. software">Software</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Operatingsystems" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apple_operating_systems" title="List of Apple operating systems">Operating systems</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a> / <a href="/wiki/IPadOS" title="IPadOS">iPadOS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_iPhone_models" title="List of iPhone models">iPhones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_iPad_models" title="List of iPad models">iPads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_version_history" title="IOS version history">iOS history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPadOS_version_history" title="IPadOS version history">iPadOS history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-installed_iOS_apps" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-installed iOS apps">Apps</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_version_history" title="MacOS version history">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Server" class="mw-redirect" title="MacOS Server">Server</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TvOS" title="TvOS">tvOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WatchOS" title="WatchOS">watchOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BridgeOS" title="BridgeOS">bridgeOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darwin_(operating_system)" title="Darwin (operating system)">Darwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classic_Mac_OS" title="Classic Mac OS">Classic Mac OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VisionOS" title="VisionOS">visionOS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CarPlay" title="CarPlay">CarPlay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classroom_(Apple)" title="Classroom (Apple)">Classroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HomeKit" title="HomeKit">HomeKit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Core_Foundation" title="Core Foundation">Core Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Developer_Tools" title="Apple Developer Tools">Developer Tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FileMaker" title="FileMaker">FileMaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Final_Cut_Pro" title="Final Cut Pro">Final Cut Pro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Final_Cut_Pro_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Final Cut Pro X">X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compressor_(software)" title="Compressor (software)">Compressor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_(software)" title="Motion (software)">Motion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logic_Pro" title="Logic Pro">Logic Pro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MainStage_(software)" title="MainStage (software)">MainStage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ILife" title="ILife">iLife</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GarageBand" title="GarageBand">GarageBand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMovie" title="IMovie">iMovie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhoto" title="IPhoto">iPhoto</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITunes" title="ITunes">iTunes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IWork" title="IWork">iWork</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keynote_(presentation_software)" title="Keynote (presentation software)">Keynote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numbers_(spreadsheet)" title="Numbers (spreadsheet)">Numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pages_(word_processor)" title="Pages (word processor)">Pages</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Mail" title="Apple Mail">Mail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QuickTime" title="QuickTime">QuickTime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SceneKit" title="SceneKit">SceneKit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shazam_(music_app)" title="Shazam (music app)">Shazam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siri" title="Siri">Siri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swift_(programming_language)" title="Swift (programming language)">Swift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xcode" title="Xcode">Xcode</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Apple_Inc._services" title="Category:Apple Inc. services">Services</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Financial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Card" title="Apple Card">Card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Pay" title="Apple Pay">Pay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Wallet" title="Apple Wallet">Wallet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Arcade" title="Apple Arcade">Arcade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Books" title="Apple Books">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Music" title="Apple Music">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Music_1" title="Apple Music 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beats_Music" title="Beats Music">Beats Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Music_Up_Next" title="Apple Music Up Next">Up Next</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Music_Festival" title="Apple Music Festival">Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITunes_Radio" title="ITunes Radio">iTunes Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_(app)" title="Music (app)">App</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_News" title="Apple News">News</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Newsstand_(software)" title="Newsstand (software)">Newsstand</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Podcasts" title="Apple Podcasts">Podcasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_TV_app" title="Apple TV app">TV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_TV%2B" title="Apple TV+">+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apple_TV%2B_original_programming" title="List of Apple TV+ original programming">originals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLS_Season_Pass" title="MLS Season Pass">MLS Season Pass</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Communication</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FaceTime" title="FaceTime">FaceTime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walkie-Talkie_(Apple)" class="mw-redirect" title="Walkie-Talkie (Apple)">Walkie-Talkie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMessage" title="IMessage">iMessage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IChat" title="IChat">iChat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messages_(Apple)" title="Messages (Apple)">App</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_Center" title="Game Center">Game Center</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Retail and digital sales</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/App_Store_(Apple)" title="App Store (Apple)">App Store</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mac_App_Store" title="Mac App Store">macOS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITunes_Store" title="ITunes Store">iTunes Store</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ITunes_Connect" title="ITunes Connect">Connect</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Store" title="Apple Store">Store</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Fifth_Avenue" title="Apple Fifth Avenue">Fifth Avenue</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Support</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AppleCare%2B" title="AppleCare+">AppleCare+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Authorized_Service_Provider" title="Apple Authorized Service Provider">AASP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_certification_programs" title="Apple certification programs">Certifications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genius_Bar" title="Genius Bar">Genius Bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ProCare" title="ProCare">ProCare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_to_One_(Apple)" title="One to One (Apple)">One to One</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Account" title="Apple Account">Apple Account</a> (formerly Apple ID) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sign_in_with_Apple" title="Sign in with Apple">Sign in with Apple</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_One" title="Apple One">One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Developer" title="Apple Developer">Developer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IAd" title="IAd">iAd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TestFlight" title="TestFlight">TestFlight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worldwide_Developers_Conference" title="Worldwide Developers Conference">WWDC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICloud" title="ICloud">iCloud</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MobileMe" title="MobileMe">MobileMe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Find_My" title="Find My">Find My</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fitness_(Apple)" title="Fitness (Apple)">Fitness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photos_(Apple)" title="Photos (Apple)">Photos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Maps" title="Apple Maps">Maps</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flyover_(Apple_Maps)" title="Flyover (Apple Maps)">Flyover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Look_Around_(Apple)" title="Look Around (Apple)">Look Around</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Apple_Inc._subsidiaries" title="Category:Apple Inc. subsidiaries">Subsidiaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anobit" title="Anobit">Anobit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_IMC" title="Apple IMC">Apple IMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Studios" title="Apple Studios">Apple Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beats_Electronics" title="Beats Electronics">Beats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beddit" title="Beddit">Beddit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braeburn_Capital" title="Braeburn Capital">Braeburn Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claris" title="Claris">Claris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Apple_Inc._acquisitions" title="Category:Apple Inc. acquisitions">Acquisitions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mergers_and_acquisitions_by_Apple" title="List of mergers and acquisitions by Apple">Completed</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anobit" title="Anobit">Anobit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AuthenTec" title="AuthenTec">AuthenTec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beats_Electronics" title="Beats Electronics">Beats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beddit" title="Beddit">Beddit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BIS_Records" title="BIS Records">BIS Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cue_(search_engine)" title="Cue (search engine)">Cue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EditGrid" title="EditGrid">EditGrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emagic" title="Emagic">Emagic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FingerWorks" title="FingerWorks">FingerWorks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intrinsity" title="Intrinsity">Intrinsity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InVisage_Technologies" title="InVisage Technologies">InVisage Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Keyboard_Company" title="The Keyboard Company">The Keyboard Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lala_(website)" title="Lala (website)">Lala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaio" title="Metaio">Metaio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NeXT" title="NeXT">NeXT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nothing_Real" title="Nothing Real">Nothing Real</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P.A._Semi" title="P.A. Semi">P.A. Semi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Computing_Corporation" title="Power Computing Corporation">Power Computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PrimeSense" title="PrimeSense">PrimeSense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shazam_(music_app)" title="Shazam (music app)">Shazam Entertainment Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siri" title="Siri">Siri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texture_(app)" title="Texture (app)">Texture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topsy_Labs" title="Topsy Labs">Topsy</a></li></ul></li> <li>Potential <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Potential_acquisition_of_Disney_by_Apple" title="Potential acquisition of Disney by Apple">Disney</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Apple_Inc._partnerships" title="Category:Apple Inc. partnerships">Partnerships</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AIM_alliance" title="AIM alliance">AIM alliance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaleida_Labs" title="Kaleida Labs">Kaleida Labs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taligent" title="Taligent">Taligent</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akamai_Technologies" title="Akamai Technologies">Akamai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arm_Holdings" title="Arm Holdings">Arm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DiDi" title="DiDi">DiDi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Ocean" title="Digital Ocean">Digital Ocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFund" title="IFund">iFund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imagination_Technologies" title="Imagination Technologies">Imagination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockstar_Consortium" title="Rockstar Consortium">Rockstar Consortium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc._advertising" title="Apple Inc. advertising">Advertising</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/1984_(advertisement)" title="1984 (advertisement)">1984</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Think_different" title="Think different">Think different</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Get_a_Mac" title="Get a Mac">Get a Mac</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPod_advertising" title="IPod advertising">iPod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Product_Red" title="Product Red">Product Red</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_ecosystem" title="Apple ecosystem">Ecosystem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apple_Inc._media_events" title="List of Apple Inc. media events">Events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Apple_Inc." title="Criticism of Apple Inc.">Criticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_repair" title="Right to repair">Right to repair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple%27s_EU_tax_dispute" title="Apple's EU tax dispute">Tax</a></li></ul></li> <li>Headquarters <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Campus" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Campus">Campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Park" title="Apple Park">Park</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_University" title="Apple University">University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc._design_motifs" title="Apple Inc. design motifs">Design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Industrial_Design_Group" title="Apple Industrial Design Group">IDg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typography_of_Apple_Inc." title="Typography of Apple Inc.">Typography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Designed_by_Apple_in_California" title="Designed by Apple in California">Book</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Apple_Inc." title="History of Apple Inc.">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apple_codenames" title="List of Apple codenames">Codenames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_FileWare" title="Apple FileWare">Apple FileWare</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_community" title="Apple community">Community</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AppleMasters" title="AppleMasters">AppleMasters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litigation_involving_Apple_Inc." title="Litigation involving Apple Inc.">Litigation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Apple_(2024)" title="United States v. Apple (2024)">Antitrust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-Tech_Employee_Antitrust_Litigation" title="High-Tech Employee Antitrust Litigation">Non-recruiting agreements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Apple_(2012)" title="United States v. Apple (2012)">Price-fixing ebooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FBI%E2%80%93Apple_encryption_dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="FBI–Apple encryption dispute">FBI encryption dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic_Games_v._Apple" title="Epic Games v. Apple">Epic Games</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_app_approvals" title="IOS app approvals">iOS app approvals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_and_unions" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple and unions">Unions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AppleToo" title="AppleToo">#AppleToo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_depictions_of_Steve_Jobs" title="List of depictions of Steve Jobs">Depictions of Steve Jobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_on_Apple_devices" title="Linux on Apple devices">Linux</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asahi_Linux" title="Asahi Linux">Asahi Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPodLinux" title="IPodLinux">iPodLinux</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_car_project" title="Apple car project">Car project</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Apple_Inc._executives" title="Category:Apple Inc. executives">Executives</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Cook" title="Tim Cook">Tim Cook</a> (CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Williams_(Apple)" title="Jeff Williams (Apple)">Jeff Williams</a> (COO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luca_Maestri" title="Luca Maestri">Luca Maestri</a> (CFO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_L._Adams" class="mw-redirect" title="Katherine L. Adams">Katherine Adams</a> (General Counsel)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddy_Cue" title="Eddy Cue">Eddy Cue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Federighi" title="Craig Federighi">Craig Federighi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabel_Ge_Mahe" title="Isabel Ge Mahe">Isabel Ge Mahe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Giannandrea" title="John Giannandrea">John Giannandrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisa_P._Jackson" title="Lisa P. Jackson">Lisa Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Joswiak" title="Greg Joswiak">Greg Joswiak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabih_Khan" title="Sabih Khan">Sabih Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deirdre_O%27Brien" title="Deirdre O'Brien">Deirdre O'Brien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Riccio" title="Dan Riccio">Dan Riccio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Schiller" title="Phil Schiller">Phil Schiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johny_Srouji" title="Johny Srouji">Johny Srouji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ternus" title="John Ternus">John Ternus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Scott_(Apple)" title="Michael Scott (Apple)">Michael Scott</a> (CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Markkula" title="Mike Markkula">Mike Markkula</a> (CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sculley" title="John Sculley">John Sculley</a> (CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Spindler" title="Michael Spindler">Michael Spindler</a> (CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gil_Amelio" title="Gil Amelio">Gil Amelio</a> (CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</a> (CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jony_Ive" title="Jony Ive">Jony Ive</a> (CDO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Ahrendts" title="Angela Ahrendts">Angela Ahrendts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_D._Anderson" title="Fred D. Anderson">Fred D. Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Browett" title="John Browett">John Browett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrino_De_Luca" title="Guerrino De Luca">Guerrino De Luca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Deneve" title="Paul Deneve">Paul Deneve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Eisenstat" title="Al Eisenstat">Al Eisenstat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Fadell" title="Tony Fadell">Tony Fadell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Forstall" title="Scott Forstall">Scott Forstall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Hancock" title="Ellen Hancock">Ellen Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_R._Heinen" title="Nancy R. Heinen">Nancy R. Heinen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Johnson_(businessman)" title="Ron Johnson (businessman)">Ron Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Nagel" title="David Nagel">David Nagel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Oppenheimer" title="Peter Oppenheimer">Peter Oppenheimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Papermaster" title="Mark Papermaster">Mark Papermaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Rubinstein" title="Jon Rubinstein">Jon Rubinstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Serlet" title="Bertrand Serlet">Bertrand Serlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Sewell" title="Bruce Sewell">Bruce Sewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sina_Tamaddon" title="Sina Tamaddon">Sina Tamaddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avie_Tevanian" title="Avie Tevanian">Avie Tevanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Wozniak" title="Steve Wozniak">Steve Wozniak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Directors_of_Apple_Inc." title="Category:Directors of Apple Inc.">Board of directors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_D._Levinson" title="Arthur D. Levinson">Arthur D. Levinson</a> (Chairman)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Cook" title="Tim Cook">Tim Cook</a> (CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Bell" title="James A. Bell">James A. Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Gorsky" title="Alex Gorsky">Alex Gorsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Jung" title="Andrea Jung">Andrea Jung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Sugar" title="Ronald Sugar">Ronald D. Sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Wagner" title="Susan Wagner">Susan L. Wagner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Markkula" title="Mike Markkula">Mike Markkula</a> (Chairman)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sculley" title="John Sculley">John Sculley</a> (Chairman)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</a> (Chairman)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gil_Amelio" title="Gil Amelio">Gil Amelio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_D._Anderson" title="Fred D. Anderson">Fred D. Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Campbell_(business_executive)" title="Bill Campbell (business executive)">Bill Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mickey_Drexler" title="Mickey Drexler">Mickey Drexler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Eisenstat" title="Al Eisenstat">Al Eisenstat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Ellison" title="Larry Ellison">Larry Ellison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Iger" title="Bob Iger">Robert A. Iger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delano_Lewis" title="Delano Lewis">Delano Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Rock" title="Arthur Rock">Arthur Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Schmidt" title="Eric Schmidt">Eric Schmidt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Scott_(Apple)" title="Michael Scott (Apple)">Michael Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Spindler" title="Michael Spindler">Michael Spindler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_S._Woolard_Jr." title="Edgar S. Woolard Jr.">Edgar S. Woolard Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_York_(businessman)" title="Jerry York (businessman)">Jerry York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Founders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Wozniak" title="Steve Wozniak">Steve Wozniak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Wayne" title="Ronald Wayne">Ronald Wayne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Italics indicate discontinued products, services, or defunct companies.</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Apple_Inc." title="Category:Apple Inc.">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Apple_hardware_before_1998" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Apple_hardware_before_1998" title="Template:Apple hardware before 1998"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Apple_hardware_before_1998" title="Template talk:Apple hardware before 1998"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Apple_hardware_before_1998" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Apple hardware before 1998"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Apple_hardware_before_1998" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a> hardware before 1998</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Computers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apple_II" title="Apple II">Apple II</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_I" title="Apple I">I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_II_(original)" title="Apple II (original)">II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_II_Plus" title="Apple II Plus">II Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_IIe" title="Apple IIe">IIe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_IIc" title="Apple IIc">IIc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_IIc_Plus" title="Apple IIc Plus">IIc Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_IIGS" title="Apple IIGS">IIGS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_III" title="Apple III">III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Compact_Macintosh" title="Compact Macintosh">Compact Macintosh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_128K" title="Macintosh 128K">128K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_512K" title="Macintosh 512K">512K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_512Ke" title="Macintosh 512Ke">512Ke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Plus" title="Macintosh Plus">Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_SE" title="Macintosh SE">SE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_SE/30" title="Macintosh SE/30">SE/30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Classic" title="Macintosh Classic">Classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Classic_II" title="Macintosh Classic II">Classic II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Color_Classic" title="Macintosh Color Classic">Color Classic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_II_family" title="Macintosh II family">Macintosh II</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_II" title="Macintosh II">II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_IIx" title="Macintosh IIx">IIx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_IIcx" title="Macintosh IIcx">IIcx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_IIci" title="Macintosh IIci">IIci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_IIfx" title="Macintosh IIfx">IIfx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_IIsi" title="Macintosh IIsi">IIsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_IIvi" title="Macintosh IIvi">IIvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_IIvx" title="Macintosh IIvx">IIvx</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_LC_family" title="Macintosh LC family">Macintosh LC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_LC" title="Macintosh LC">LC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_LC_II" title="Macintosh LC II">LC II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_LC_III" title="Macintosh LC III">LC III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_LC_500_series" title="Macintosh LC 500 series">LC 500 series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_TV" title="Macintosh TV">Macintosh TV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra" title="Macintosh Quadra">Macintosh Quadra</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_700" title="Macintosh Quadra 700">700</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_900" title="Macintosh Quadra 900">900</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_950" title="Macintosh Quadra 950">950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_800" title="Macintosh Quadra 800">800</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_840AV" title="Macintosh Quadra 840AV">840AV</a></li> <li>600 series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_610" title="Macintosh Quadra 610">610</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_650" title="Macintosh Quadra 650">650</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_660AV" title="Macintosh Quadra 660AV">660AV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_605" title="Macintosh Quadra 605">605</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_630" title="Macintosh Quadra 630">630</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/PowerBook" title="PowerBook">PowerBook</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>68k-based PowerBooks <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_100_series" title="PowerBook 100 series">100 series</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_100" title="PowerBook 100">100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_140" title="PowerBook 140">140</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_170" title="PowerBook 170">170</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_160" title="PowerBook 160">160</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_180" title="PowerBook 180">180</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_150" title="PowerBook 150">150</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_190" title="PowerBook 190">190</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_Duo" title="PowerBook Duo">Duo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_Duo_210" title="PowerBook Duo 210">210</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_Duo_230" title="PowerBook Duo 230">230</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_500_series" title="PowerBook 500 series">500 series</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerPC" title="PowerPC">PowerPC</a>-based PowerBooks <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_5300" title="PowerBook 5300">5300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_1400" title="PowerBook 1400">1400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_3400c" title="PowerBook 3400c">3400c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_2400c" title="PowerBook 2400c">2400c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_G3" title="PowerBook G3">G3</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh" title="Power Macintosh">Power Macintosh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_4400" title="Power Macintosh 4400">4400 and 7220</a></li> <li>5000 series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_5200_LC" title="Power Macintosh 5200 LC">5200 LC and 5300 LC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_5260" title="Power Macintosh 5260">5260</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_5400" title="Power Macintosh 5400">5400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_5500" title="Power Macintosh 5500">5500</a></li></ul></li> <li>6000 series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_6100" title="Power Macintosh 6100">6100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_6200" title="Power Macintosh 6200">6200 and 6300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_6400" title="Power Macintosh 6400">6400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_6500" title="Power Macintosh 6500">6500</a></li></ul></li> <li>7000 series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_7100" title="Power Macintosh 7100">7100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_7200" title="Power Macintosh 7200">7200 and 8200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_7300" title="Power Macintosh 7300">7300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_7500" title="Power Macintosh 7500">7500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_7600" title="Power Macintosh 7600">7600</a></li></ul></li> <li>8000 series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_8100" title="Power Macintosh 8100">8100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_8500" title="Power Macintosh 8500">8500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_8600" title="Power Macintosh 8600">8600</a></li></ul></li> <li>9000 series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_9500" title="Power Macintosh 9500">9500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_9600" title="Power Macintosh 9600">9600</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_G3" title="Power Macintosh G3">Power Macintosh G3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Lisa" title="Apple Lisa">Apple Lisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Mac_(computer)" title="Big Mac (computer)">Big Mac and Baby Mac</a> (cancelled)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_XL" title="Macintosh XL">Macintosh XL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Portable" title="Macintosh Portable">Macintosh Portable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Performa" title="Macintosh Performa">Macintosh Performa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Centris" title="Macintosh Centris">Macintosh Centris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_IIe_Card" title="Apple IIe Card">Apple IIe Card</a> (Macintosh PDS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Processor_Upgrade_Card" title="Macintosh Processor Upgrade Card">Macintosh Processor Upgrade Card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Workgroup_Server" title="Apple Workgroup Server">Apple Workgroup Server</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Workgroup_Server_9150" title="Workgroup Server 9150">9150</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Network_Server" title="Apple Network Server">Apple Network Server</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Anniversary_Macintosh" title="Twentieth Anniversary Macintosh">Twentieth Anniversary Macintosh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Peripherals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apple_displays" title="Apple displays">Displays</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Monitor_II" title="Apple Monitor II">Monitor II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Monitor_III" title="Apple Monitor III">Monitor III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_AudioVision_14_Display" title="Apple AudioVision 14 Display">AudioVision 14</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">External drives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disk_II" title="Disk II">Disk II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_FileWare" title="Apple FileWare">FileWare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_External_Disk_Drive" title="Macintosh External Disk Drive">Macintosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_ProFile" title="Apple ProFile">ProFile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_Disk_20" title="Hard Disk 20">Hard Disk 20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_Disk_20SC" title="Hard Disk 20SC">Hard Disk 20SC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AppleCD" title="AppleCD">AppleCD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerCD" title="PowerCD">PowerCD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Tape_Backup_40SC" title="Apple Tape Backup 40SC">Tape Drive 40SC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Input devices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_keyboards" title="Apple keyboards">Keyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Desktop_Bus" title="Apple Desktop Bus">Desktop Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Extended_Keyboard" title="Apple Extended Keyboard">Extended Keyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Adjustable_Keyboard" title="Apple Adjustable Keyboard">Adjustable Keyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_pointing_devices" title="Apple pointing devices">Mouse and other pointing devices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Scanner" title="Apple Scanner">Scanner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_QuickTake" title="Apple QuickTake">QuickTake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Networking</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_II_serial_cards" title="Apple II serial cards">Apple II serial cards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LocalTalk" title="LocalTalk">LocalTalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Communication_Slot" title="Apple Communication Slot">Apple Communication Slot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GeoPort" title="GeoPort">GeoPort</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apple_printers" title="List of Apple printers">Printers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Silentype" title="Apple Silentype">Silentype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Dot_Matrix_Printer" title="Apple Dot Matrix Printer">Dot Matrix Printer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Daisy_Wheel_Printer" title="Apple Daisy Wheel Printer">Daisy Wheel Printer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ImageWriter" title="ImageWriter">ImageWriter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaserWriter" title="LaserWriter">LaserWriter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_410_Color_Plotter" title="Apple 410 Color Plotter">410 Color Plotter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_LaserWriter" title="Color LaserWriter">Color LaserWriter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StyleWriter" title="StyleWriter">StyleWriter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apple_Newton" title="Apple Newton">Newton</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MessagePad" title="MessagePad">MessagePad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMate_300" title="EMate 300">eMate 300</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Interactive_Television_Box" title="Apple Interactive Television Box">Interactive Television Box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_NC" title="Mac NC">Mac NC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Paladin" title="Apple Paladin">Paladin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Pippin" title="Apple Pippin">Pippin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Bandai_Pippin" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Bandai Pippin">Bandai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wizzy_Active_Lifestyle_Telephone" title="Wizzy Active Lifestyle Telephone">W.A.L.T.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>See also template: <a href="/wiki/Template:Apple_hardware_since_1998" title="Template:Apple hardware since 1998">Apple hardware since 1998</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Apple_hardware_since_1998" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Apple_hardware_since_1998" title="Template:Apple hardware since 1998"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Apple_hardware_since_1998" title="Template talk:Apple hardware since 1998"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Apple_hardware_since_1998" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Apple hardware since 1998"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Apple_hardware_since_1998" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a> hardware since 1998</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Hardware lists <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mac_models" title="List of Mac models">Macs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_iPhone_models" title="List of iPhone models">iPhones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_iPad_models" title="List of iPad models">iPads</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mac</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Desktops</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EMac" title="EMac">eMac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMac" title="IMac">iMac</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IMac_G3" title="IMac G3">G3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMac_G4" title="IMac G4">G4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMac_G5" title="IMac G5">G5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMac_(Intel-based)" title="IMac (Intel-based)">Intel-based</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMac_Pro" title="IMac Pro">iMac Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMac_(Apple_silicon)" title="IMac (Apple silicon)">Apple silicon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_Mini" title="Mac Mini">Mac Mini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_Pro" title="Mac Pro">Mac Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_Studio" title="Mac Studio">Mac Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh" title="Power Macintosh">Power Mac</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_G3" title="Power Macintosh G3">G3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Mac_G4" title="Power Mac G4">G4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Mac_G4_Cube" title="Power Mac G4 Cube">G4 Cube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Mac_G5" title="Power Mac G5">G5</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xserve" title="Xserve">Xserve</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/MacBook" title="MacBook">Laptops</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IBook" title="IBook">iBook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacBook_(2006%E2%80%932012)" title="MacBook (2006–2012)">MacBook (2006–2012)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12-inch_MacBook" title="12-inch MacBook">12-inch MacBook (2015–2019)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacBook_Air" title="MacBook Air">MacBook Air</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MacBook_Air_(Intel-based)" title="MacBook Air (Intel-based)">Intel-based</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacBook_Air_(Apple_silicon)" title="MacBook Air (Apple silicon)">Apple silicon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacBook_Pro" title="MacBook Pro">MacBook Pro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MacBook_Pro_(Intel-based)" title="MacBook Pro (Intel-based)">Intel-based</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacBook_Pro_(Apple_silicon)" title="MacBook Pro (Apple silicon)">Apple silicon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook" title="PowerBook">PowerBook</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_G3" title="PowerBook G3">G3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_G4" title="PowerBook G4">G4</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhone</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_(1st_generation)" title="IPhone (1st generation)">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_3G" title="IPhone 3G">3G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_3GS" title="IPhone 3GS">3GS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_4" title="IPhone 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_4s" title="IPhone 4s">4s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_5" title="IPhone 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_5c" title="IPhone 5c">5c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_5s" title="IPhone 5s">5s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_6" title="IPhone 6">6, 6 Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_6s" title="IPhone 6s">6s, 6S Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_7" title="IPhone 7">7, 7 Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_8" title="IPhone 8">8, 8 Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_X" title="IPhone X">X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_XS" title="IPhone XS">XS, XS Max</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_XR" title="IPhone XR">XR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_11" title="IPhone 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_11_Pro" title="IPhone 11 Pro">11 Pro, Pro Max</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_12" title="IPhone 12">12, 12 Mini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_12_Pro" title="IPhone 12 Pro">12 Pro, Pro Max</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_13" title="IPhone 13">13, 13 Mini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_13_Pro" title="IPhone 13 Pro">13 Pro, Pro Max</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_14" title="IPhone 14">14, 14 Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_14_Pro" title="IPhone 14 Pro">14 Pro, Pro Max</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_15" title="IPhone 15">15, 15 Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_15_Pro" title="IPhone 15 Pro">15 Pro, Pro Max</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_16" title="IPhone 16">16, 16 Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_16_Pro" title="IPhone 16 Pro">16 Pro, Pro Max</a></li></ul></li> <li>iPhone SE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_SE_(1st_generation)" title="IPhone SE (1st generation)">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_SE_(2nd_generation)" title="IPhone SE (2nd generation)">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_SE_(3rd_generation)" title="IPhone SE (3rd generation)">3rd</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/IPad" title="IPad">iPad</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPad_(1st_generation)" title="IPad (1st generation)">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_2" title="IPad 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_(3rd_generation)" title="IPad (3rd generation)">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_(4th_generation)" title="IPad (4th generation)">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_(5th_generation)" title="IPad (5th generation)">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_(6th_generation)" title="IPad (6th generation)">6th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_(7th_generation)" title="IPad (7th generation)">7th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_(8th_generation)" title="IPad (8th generation)">8th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_(9th_generation)" title="IPad (9th generation)">9th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_(10th_generation)" title="IPad (10th generation)">10th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Mini" title="IPad Mini">iPad Mini</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Mini_(1st_generation)" title="IPad Mini (1st generation)">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Mini_2" title="IPad Mini 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Mini_3" title="IPad Mini 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Mini_4" title="IPad Mini 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Mini_(5th_generation)" title="IPad Mini (5th generation)">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Mini_(6th_generation)" title="IPad Mini (6th generation)">6th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Mini_(7th_generation)" title="IPad Mini (7th generation)">7th</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Air" class="mw-redirect" title="IPad Air">iPad Air</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Air_(1st_generation)" title="IPad Air (1st generation)">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Air_2" title="IPad Air 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Air_(3rd_generation)" title="IPad Air (3rd generation)">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Air_(4th_generation)" title="IPad Air (4th generation)">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Air_(5th_generation)" title="IPad Air (5th generation)">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Air_(6th_generation)" title="IPad Air (6th generation)">6th</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Pro" title="IPad Pro">iPad Pro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Pro_(1st_generation)" title="IPad Pro (1st generation)">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Pro_(2nd_generation)" title="IPad Pro (2nd generation)">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Pro_(3rd_generation)" title="IPad Pro (3rd generation)">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Pro_(4th_generation)" title="IPad Pro (4th generation)">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Pro_(5th_generation)" title="IPad Pro (5th generation)">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Pro_(6th_generation)" title="IPad Pro (6th generation)">6th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Pro_(7th_generation)" title="IPad Pro (7th generation)">7th</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/IPod" title="IPod">iPod</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPod_Classic" title="IPod Classic">Classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPod_Mini" title="IPod Mini">Mini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPod%2BHP" title="IPod+HP">iPod+HP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPod_Shuffle" title="IPod Shuffle">Shuffle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPod_Nano" title="IPod Nano">Nano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPod_Touch" title="IPod Touch">Touch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPod_Touch_(1st_generation)" title="IPod Touch (1st generation)">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPod_Touch_(2nd_generation)" title="IPod Touch (2nd generation)">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPod_Touch_(3rd_generation)" title="IPod Touch (3rd generation)">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPod_Touch_(4th_generation)" title="IPod Touch (4th generation)">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPod_Touch_(5th_generation)" title="IPod Touch (5th generation)">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPod_Touch_(6th_generation)" title="IPod Touch (6th generation)">6th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPod_Touch_(7th_generation)" title="IPod Touch (7th generation)">7th</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other consumer electronics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_TV" title="Apple TV">Apple TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Vision_Pro" title="Apple Vision Pro">Apple Vision Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Watch" title="Apple Watch">Apple Watch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Watch_Ultra" title="Apple Watch Ultra">Ultra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_displays" title="Apple displays">Displays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Studio_Display_(1998%E2%80%932004)" title="Apple Studio Display (1998–2004)">Studio (1998–2004)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Cinema_Display" title="Apple Cinema Display">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Thunderbolt_Display" title="Apple Thunderbolt Display">Thunderbolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro_Display_XDR" title="Pro Display XDR">Pro Display XDR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Studio_Display" title="Apple Studio Display">Studio (2022)</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Accessories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AirPort" title="AirPort">AirPort</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AirPort_Express" title="AirPort Express">Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AirPort_Extreme" title="AirPort Extreme">Extreme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AirPort_Time_Capsule" title="AirPort Time Capsule">Time Capsule</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AirPower_(Apple)" title="AirPower (Apple)">AirPower</a> (canceled)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AirTag" title="AirTag">AirTag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_headphones" title="Apple headphones">Headphones</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AirPods" title="AirPods">AirPods</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AirPods_Pro" title="AirPods Pro">Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AirPods_Max" title="AirPods Max">Max</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_iPad_accessories" title="List of iPad accessories">iPad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Pencil" title="Apple Pencil">Pencil</a></li></ul></li> <li>iPod</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPod_click_wheel" title="IPod click wheel">Click wheel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nike%2BiPod" title="Nike+iPod">Nike+iPod</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPod_Socks" title="IPod Socks">Socks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISight" title="ISight">iSight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_keyboards" title="Apple keyboards">Keyboards</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Wireless_Keyboard" title="Apple Wireless Keyboard">Wireless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_Keyboard_(Mac)" title="Magic Keyboard (Mac)">Magic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_pointing_devices" title="Apple pointing devices">Mice and trackpads</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hockey_puck_mouse" title="Hockey puck mouse">USB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Mighty_Mouse" title="Apple Mighty Mouse">Mighty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_Mouse" title="Magic Mouse">Magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_Trackpad" title="Magic Trackpad">Magic Trackpad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Polishing_Cloth" title="Apple Polishing Cloth">Polishing Cloth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Remote" title="Apple Remote">Remote</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siri_Remote" title="Siri Remote">Siri Remote</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_speakers" title="Apple speakers">Speakers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPod_Hi-Fi" title="IPod Hi-Fi">iPod Hi-Fi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SoundSticks" title="SoundSticks">SoundSticks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HomePod" title="HomePod">HomePod</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HomePod_Mini" title="HomePod Mini">Mini</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SuperDrive" title="SuperDrive">SuperDrive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_USB_Modem" title="Apple USB Modem">USB Modem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xserve_RAID" title="Xserve RAID">Xserve RAID</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apple_silicon" title="Apple silicon">Silicon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>A series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_A4" title="Apple A4">A4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_A5" title="Apple A5">A5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_A5X" title="Apple A5X">A5X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_A6" title="Apple A6">A6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_A6X" title="Apple A6X">A6X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_A7" title="Apple A7">A7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_A8" title="Apple A8">A8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_A8X" title="Apple A8X">A8X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_A9" title="Apple A9">A9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_A9X" title="Apple A9X">A9X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_A10" title="Apple A10">A10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_A10X" title="Apple A10X">A10X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_A11" title="Apple A11">A11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_A12" title="Apple A12">A12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_A12X" title="Apple A12X">A12X/A12Z</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_A13" title="Apple A13">A13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_A14" title="Apple A14">A14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_A15" title="Apple A15">A15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_A16" title="Apple A16">A16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_A17" title="Apple A17">A17</a></li></ul></li> <li>H series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_H1" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple H1">H1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_H2" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple H2">H2</a></li></ul></li> <li>M series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_M1" title="Apple M1">M1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_M2" title="Apple M2">M2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_M3" title="Apple M3">M3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_M4" title="Apple M4">M4</a></li></ul></li> <li>R series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_R1" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple R1">R1</a></li></ul></li> <li>S series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_S1" title="Apple S1">S1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_S1P" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple S1P">S1P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_S2" title="Apple S2">S2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_S3" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple S3">S3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_S4" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple S4">S4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_S5" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple S5">S5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_S6" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple S6">S6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_S7" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple S7">S7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_S8" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple S8">S8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_S9" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple S9">S9</a></li></ul></li> <li>T series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_T1" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple T1">T1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_T2" title="Apple T2">T2</a></li></ul></li> <li>U series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_U1" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple U1">U1</a></li></ul></li> <li>W series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_W1" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple W1">W1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_W2" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple W2">W2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_W3" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple W3">W3</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>See also template: <a href="/wiki/Template:Apple_hardware_before_1998" title="Template:Apple hardware before 1998">Apple hardware before 1998</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Operating_systems_by_Apple" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Apple_operating_systems" title="Template:Apple operating systems"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Apple_operating_systems" title="Template talk:Apple operating systems"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Apple_operating_systems" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Apple operating systems"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Operating_systems_by_Apple" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Operating systems by <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apple_II" title="Apple II">Apple II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apple_III" title="Apple III">III</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apple_Lisa" title="Apple Lisa">Lisa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_II" title="Apple II">Apple II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_DOS" title="Apple DOS">Apple DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_ProDOS" title="Apple ProDOS">ProDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_GS/OS" title="Apple GS/OS">GS/OS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_III" title="Apple III">Apple III</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_SOS" title="Apple SOS">SOS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Lisa" title="Apple Lisa">Lisa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Lisa#Software" title="Apple Lisa">Lisa OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacWorks_XL" title="MacWorks XL">MacWorks</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mac_operating_systems" title="Mac operating systems">Mac</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Classic_Mac_OS" title="Classic Mac OS">Classic Mac OS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/System_1" title="System 1">System 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classic_Mac_OS#System_1,_2,_3,_and_4" title="Classic Mac OS">Systems 2, 3, and 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classic_Mac_OS#System_Software_5" title="Classic Mac OS">System 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_6" title="System 6">System 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_7" title="System 7">System 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_8" title="Mac OS 8">Mac OS 8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_9" title="Mac OS 9">Mac OS 9</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_version_history" title="MacOS version history">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NeXTSTEP" title="NeXTSTEP">NeXTSTEP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenStep" title="OpenStep">OpenStep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhapsody_(operating_system)" title="Rhapsody (operating system)">Rhapsody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Public_Beta" title="Mac OS X Public Beta">Public Beta</a></li></ul></li> <li>Core <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Darwin_(operating_system)" title="Darwin (operating system)">Darwin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/XNU" title="XNU">XNU</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Desktop <ul><li>Mac OS X <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Public_Beta" title="Mac OS X Public Beta">Public Beta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_10.0" title="Mac OS X 10.0">10.0 (Cheetah)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_10.1" title="Mac OS X 10.1">10.1 (Puma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Jaguar" title="Mac OS X Jaguar">10.2 Jaguar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Panther" title="Mac OS X Panther">10.3 Panther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Tiger" title="Mac OS X Tiger">10.4 Tiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Leopard" title="Mac OS X Leopard">10.5 Leopard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Snow_Leopard" title="Mac OS X Snow Leopard">10.6 Snow Leopard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Lion" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac OS X Lion">10.7 Lion</a></li></ul></li> <li>OS X <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OS_X_Mountain_Lion" title="OS X Mountain Lion">10.8 Mountain Lion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OS_X_Mavericks" title="OS X Mavericks">10.9 Mavericks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OS_X_Yosemite" title="OS X Yosemite">10.10 Yosemite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OS_X_El_Capitan" title="OS X El Capitan">10.11 El Capitan</a></li></ul></li> <li>macOS <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Sierra" title="MacOS Sierra">10.12 Sierra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_High_Sierra" title="MacOS High Sierra">10.13 High Sierra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Mojave" title="MacOS Mojave">10.14 Mojave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Catalina" title="MacOS Catalina">10.15 Catalina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Big_Sur" title="MacOS Big Sur">11 Big Sur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Monterey" title="MacOS Monterey">12 Monterey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Ventura" title="MacOS Ventura">13 Ventura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Sonoma" title="MacOS Sonoma">14 Sonoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Sequoia" title="MacOS Sequoia">15 Sequoia</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Server" class="mw-redirect" title="MacOS Server">Server</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Server_1.0" title="Mac OS X Server 1.0">Mac OS X Server 1.0</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other projects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Shipped <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A/ROSE" title="A/ROSE">A/ROSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A/UX" title="A/UX">A/UX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AIX_for_Apple_Network_Servers" class="mw-redirect" title="AIX for Apple Network Servers">AIX for Apple Network Servers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Application_Environment" title="Macintosh Application Environment">MAE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MkLinux" title="MkLinux">MkLinux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerOpen_Environment" title="PowerOpen Environment">PowerOpen Environment</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cancelled <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek_project" title="Star Trek project">Star Trek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taligent" title="Taligent">Taligent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copland_(operating_system)" title="Copland (operating system)">Copland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nukernel" title="Nukernel">Nukernel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanguard_(microkernel)" title="Vanguard (microkernel)">Vanguard</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a> derivatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>iPhone OS <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_OS_1" title="IPhone OS 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_OS_2" title="IPhone OS 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_OS_3" title="IPhone OS 3">3</a></li></ul></li> <li>iOS <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IOS_4" title="IOS 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_5" title="IOS 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_6" title="IOS 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_7" title="IOS 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_8" title="IOS 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_9" title="IOS 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_10" title="IOS 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_11" title="IOS 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_12" title="IOS 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_13" title="IOS 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_14" title="IOS 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_15" title="IOS 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_16" title="IOS 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_17" title="IOS 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_18" title="IOS 18">18</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/IPadOS" title="IPadOS">iPadOS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPadOS_13" title="IPadOS 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPadOS_14" title="IPadOS 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPadOS_15" title="IPadOS 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPadOS_16" title="IPadOS 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPadOS_17" title="IPadOS 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPadOS_18" title="IPadOS 18">18</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TvOS" title="TvOS">tvOS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_TV#Software" title="Apple TV">Apple TV Software</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VisionOS" title="VisionOS">visionOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WatchOS" title="WatchOS">watchOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AudioOS" class="mw-redirect" title="AudioOS">audioOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BridgeOS" title="BridgeOS">bridgeOS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Newton_OS" title="Newton OS">Newton OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_iTunes#Devices" title="History of iTunes">iPod software</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Apple_operating_systems" title="List of Apple operating systems">List</a> • <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Apple_Inc._operating_systems" title="Category:Apple Inc. operating systems">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Classic_Mac_OS" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Classic_Mac_OS" title="Template:Classic Mac OS"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Classic_Mac_OS" title="Template talk:Classic Mac OS"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Classic_Mac_OS" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Classic Mac OS"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Classic_Mac_OS" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Classic_Mac_OS" title="Classic Mac OS">Classic Mac OS</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Versions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/System_1" title="System 1">System 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classic_Mac_OS#System_1,_2,_3_and_4" title="Classic Mac OS">System 2, 3, and 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classic_Mac_OS#System_Software_5" title="Classic Mac OS">System 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_6" title="System 6">System 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_7" title="System 7">System 7</a> <ul><li>Mac OS 7</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_8" title="Mac OS 8">Mac OS 8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_9" title="Mac OS 9">Mac OS 9</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Applications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calculator_(Apple)" title="Calculator (Apple)">Calculator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chooser_(Mac_OS)" title="Chooser (Mac OS)">Chooser</a></li> <li>Drive Setup</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD_Player_(macOS)" class="mw-redirect" title="DVD Player (macOS)">DVD Player</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finder_(software)" title="Finder (software)">Finder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NuCalc" title="NuCalc">Graphing Calculator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keychain_(software)" title="Keychain (software)">Keychain Access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QuickTime" title="QuickTime">PictureViewer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Open_Collaboration_Environment" title="Apple Open Collaboration Environment">PowerTalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QuickTime" title="QuickTime">QuickTime Player</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_Browser" title="Network Browser">Network Browser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrapbook_(Mac_OS)" title="Scrapbook (Mac OS)">Scrapbook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_(software)" title="Sherlock (software)">Sherlock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Software_Update" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Software Update">Software Update</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stickies_(Apple)" title="Stickies (Apple)">Stickies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_Information_(Mac)" class="mw-redirect" title="System Information (Mac)">System Information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SimpleText" title="SimpleText">SimpleText</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Developer</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HyperCard" title="HyperCard">HyperCard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacsBug" title="MacsBug">MacsBug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Programmer%27s_Workshop" title="Macintosh Programmer's Workshop">Macintosh Programmer's Workshop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ResEdit" title="ResEdit">ResEdit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alias_(Mac_OS)" title="Alias (Mac OS)">Alias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appearance_Manager" title="Appearance Manager">Appearance Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_menu" title="Apple menu">Apple menu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/At_Ease" title="At Ease">At Ease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balloon_help" title="Balloon help">Balloon help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bomb_(icon)" title="Bomb (icon)">Bomb error</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Command_key" title="Command key">Command key (⌘)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_Preferences" class="mw-redirect" title="System Preferences">Control Panel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Control_Strip" title="Control Strip">Control Strip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creator_code" title="Creator code">Creator code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogcow" title="Dogcow">Dogcow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extension_(Mac_OS)" title="Extension (Mac OS)">Extensions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierarchical_File_System_(Apple)" title="Hierarchical File System (Apple)">Hierarchical File System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HFS_Plus" title="HFS Plus">HFS Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keychain_(software)" title="Keychain (software)">Keychain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Label_(Mac_OS)" title="Label (Mac OS)">Labels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_File_System" title="Macintosh File System">Macintosh File System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Toolbox" title="Macintosh Toolbox">Macintosh Toolbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manager_(Mac_OS)" title="Manager (Mac OS)">Managers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MultiFinder" title="MultiFinder">MultiFinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiprocessing_Services" title="Multiprocessing Services">Multiprocessing Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Option_key" title="Option key">Option key (⌥)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSType" class="mw-redirect" title="OSType">OSType</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PICT" title="PICT">PICT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QuickDraw" title="QuickDraw">QuickDraw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QuickTime" title="QuickTime">QuickTime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_fork" title="Resource fork">Resource fork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sosumi" title="Sosumi">Sosumi sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_startup" title="Macintosh startup">Startup sequence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_folder" title="System folder">System folder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_suitcase" title="System suitcase">System suitcase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_code" class="mw-redirect" title="Type code">Type code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WorldScript" title="WorldScript">WorldScript</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_memory_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac OS memory management">Memory management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_World_ROM" title="Old World ROM">Old World ROM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_World_ROM" title="New World ROM">New World ROM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Classic_Mac_OS_software" title="List of Classic Mac OS software">Software</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="macOS" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:MacOS" title="Template:MacOS"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:MacOS" title="Template talk:MacOS"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:MacOS" title="Special:EditPage/Template:MacOS"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="macOS" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_version_history" title="MacOS version history">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_macOS" title="Architecture of macOS">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_built-in_macOS_apps" title="List of built-in macOS apps">Built-in apps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Server" class="mw-redirect" title="MacOS Server">Server</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mac_software" title="List of Mac software">Software</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Versions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac OS X">Mac OS X</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Server_1.0" title="Mac OS X Server 1.0">Server 1.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Public_Beta" title="Mac OS X Public Beta">Public Beta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_10.0" title="Mac OS X 10.0">10.0 Cheetah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_10.1" title="Mac OS X 10.1">10.1 Puma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Jaguar" title="Mac OS X Jaguar">10.2 Jaguar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Panther" title="Mac OS X Panther">10.3 Panther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Tiger" title="Mac OS X Tiger">10.4 Tiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Leopard" title="Mac OS X Leopard">10.5 Leopard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Snow_Leopard" title="Mac OS X Snow Leopard">10.6 Snow Leopard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">OS X</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OS_X_Lion" title="OS X Lion">10.7 Lion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OS_X_Mountain_Lion" title="OS X Mountain Lion">10.8 Mountain Lion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OS_X_Mavericks" title="OS X Mavericks">10.9 Mavericks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OS_X_Yosemite" title="OS X Yosemite">10.10 Yosemite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OS_X_El_Capitan" title="OS X El Capitan">10.11 El Capitan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">macOS</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Sierra" title="MacOS Sierra">10.12 Sierra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_High_Sierra" title="MacOS High Sierra">10.13 High Sierra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Mojave" title="MacOS Mojave">10.14 Mojave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Catalina" title="MacOS Catalina">10.15 Catalina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Big_Sur" title="MacOS Big Sur">11 Big Sur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Monterey" title="MacOS Monterey">12 Monterey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Ventura" title="MacOS Ventura">13 Ventura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Sonoma" title="MacOS Sonoma">14 Sonoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Sequoia" title="MacOS Sequoia">15 Sequoia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Applications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Core Applications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mac_App_Store" title="Mac App Store">App Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automator_(macOS)" title="Automator (macOS)">Automator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calculator_(Apple)" title="Calculator (Apple)">Calculator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_(Apple)" title="Calendar (Apple)">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_built-in_macOS_apps#Chess" title="List of built-in macOS apps">Chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contacts_(Apple)" title="Contacts (Apple)">Contacts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Control_Center_(Apple)" title="Control Center (Apple)">Control Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_(software)" title="Dictionary (software)">Dictionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD_Player_(macOS)" class="mw-redirect" title="DVD Player (macOS)">DVD Player</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FaceTime" title="FaceTime">FaceTime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finder_(software)" title="Finder (software)">Finder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_Center" title="Game Center">Game Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grapher" title="Grapher">Grapher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HomeKit" title="HomeKit">Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Launchpad_(macOS)" class="mw-redirect" title="Launchpad (macOS)">Launchpad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Mail" title="Apple Mail">Mail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messages_(Apple)" title="Messages (Apple)">Messages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_News" title="Apple News">News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Music (software)">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notes_(Apple)" title="Notes (Apple)">Notes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notification_Center" title="Notification Center">Notification Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Podcasts" title="Apple Podcasts">Podcasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photo_Booth" title="Photo Booth">Photo Booth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photos_(Apple)" title="Photos (Apple)">Photos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preview_(macOS)" title="Preview (macOS)">Preview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QuickTime" title="QuickTime">Quicktime Player</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reminders_(Apple)" title="Reminders (Apple)">Reminders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Safari_version_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Safari version history">version history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shortcuts_(app)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shortcuts (app)">Shortcuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siri" title="Siri">Siri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stickies_(Apple)" title="Stickies (Apple)">Stickies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TextEdit" title="TextEdit">TextEdit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_Machine_(macOS)" title="Time Machine (macOS)">Time Machine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apple_Developer_Tools" title="Apple Developer Tools">Developer Tools</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Xcode" title="Xcode">Xcode</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Instruments_(software)" title="Instruments (software)">Instruments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Developer_Tools#FileMerge" title="Apple Developer Tools">FileMerge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interface_Builder" title="Interface Builder">Interface Builder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dashcode" title="Dashcode">Dashcode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartz_Composer" title="Quartz Composer">Quartz Composer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former Applications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dashboard_(macOS)" title="Dashboard (macOS)">Dashboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front_Row_(software)" title="Front Row (software)">Front Row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IChat" title="IChat">iChat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhoto" title="IPhoto">iPhoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISync" title="ISync">iSync</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITunes" title="ITunes">iTunes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_iTunes" title="History of iTunes">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_(software)" title="Sherlock (software)">Sherlock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Utilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Activity_Monitor_(macOS)" class="mw-redirect" title="Activity Monitor (macOS)">Activity Monitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AirPort_Utility" class="mw-redirect" title="AirPort Utility">AirPort Utility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archive_Utility" class="mw-redirect" title="Archive Utility">Archive Utility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_MIDI_Setup" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio MIDI Setup">Audio MIDI Setup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bluetooth_File_Exchange" class="mw-redirect" title="Bluetooth File Exchange">Bluetooth File Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boot_Camp_(software)" title="Boot Camp (software)">Boot Camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ColorSync" title="ColorSync">ColorSync</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Configurator" title="Apple Configurator">Configurator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_built-in_macOS_apps#Console" title="List of built-in macOS apps">Console</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_built-in_macOS_apps#Crash_Reporter" title="List of built-in macOS apps">Crash Reporter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Color_Meter" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Color Meter">Digital Color Meter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directory_Utility" class="mw-redirect" title="Directory Utility">Directory Utility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DiskImageMounter" class="mw-redirect" title="DiskImageMounter">DiskImageMounter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disk_Utility" title="Disk Utility">Disk Utility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Font_Book" title="Font Book">Font Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Help_Viewer" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Help Viewer">Help Viewer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image_Capture" class="mw-redirect" title="Image Capture">Image Capture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Installer_(macOS)" class="mw-redirect" title="Installer (macOS)">Installer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keychain_(software)" title="Keychain (software)">Keychain Access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migration_Assistant_(Apple)" class="mw-redirect" title="Migration Assistant (Apple)">Migration Assistant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Script_Editor" class="mw-redirect" title="Script Editor">Script Editor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_Settings" title="System Settings">System Settings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_Information_(Mac)" class="mw-redirect" title="System Information (Mac)">System Information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terminal_(macOS)" title="Terminal (macOS)">Terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Access" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal Access">Universal Access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VoiceOver" title="VoiceOver">VoiceOver</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discontinued</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grab_(macOS)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grab (macOS)">Grab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_Utility" class="mw-redirect" title="Network Utility">Network Utility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ODBC_Administrator" class="mw-redirect" title="ODBC Administrator">ODBC Administrator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remote_Install_Mac_OS_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Remote Install Mac OS X">Remote Install Mac OS X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Software_Update" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Software Update">Software Update</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technologies & <a href="/wiki/User_Interface" class="mw-redirect" title="User Interface">User Interface</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AirDrop" title="AirDrop">AirDrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AppKit" title="AppKit">AppKit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_File_System" title="Apple File System">Apple File System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_menu" title="Apple menu">Apple menu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Push_Notification_service" title="Apple Push Notification service">Apple Push Notification service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AppleScript" title="AppleScript">AppleScript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqua_(user_interface)" title="Aqua (user interface)">Aqua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Units" title="Audio Units">Audio Units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AVFoundation" title="AVFoundation">AVFoundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonjour_(software)" title="Bonjour (software)">Bonjour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bundle_(macOS)" title="Bundle (macOS)">Bundle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CloudKit" title="CloudKit">CloudKit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocoa_(API)" title="Cocoa (API)">Cocoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ColorSync" title="ColorSync">ColorSync</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Command_key" title="Command key">Command key</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Core_Animation" title="Core Animation">Core Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Core_Audio" title="Core Audio">Core Audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Core_Data" title="Core Data">Core Data</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Core_Foundation" title="Core Foundation">Core Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Core_Image" title="Core Image">Core Image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Core_OpenGL" title="Core OpenGL">Core OpenGL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Core_Text" title="Core Text">Core Text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Core_Video" title="Core Video">Core Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Unix_Printing_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Common Unix Printing System">CUPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cover_Flow" title="Cover Flow">Cover Flow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darwin_(operating_system)" title="Darwin (operating system)">Darwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dock_(macOS)" title="Dock (macOS)">Dock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FileVault" title="FileVault">FileVault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_typefaces_included_with_macOS" title="List of typefaces included with macOS">Fonts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_Kit" title="Foundation Kit">Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatekeeper_(macOS)" title="Gatekeeper (macOS)">Gatekeeper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Central_Dispatch" title="Grand Central Dispatch">Grand Central Dispatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Icon_Image_format" title="Apple Icon Image format">icns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICloud" title="ICloud">iCloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kernel_panic#macOS" title="Kernel panic">Kernel panic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keychain_(software)" title="Keychain (software)">Keychain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Launchd" title="Launchd">launchd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mach-O" title="Mach-O">Mach-O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menu_extra" title="Menu extra">Menu extra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metal_(API)" title="Metal (API)">Metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Control_(macOS)" title="Mission Control (macOS)">Mission Control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_Shift_(software)" title="Night Shift (software)">Night Shift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenCL" title="OpenCL">OpenCL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Option_key" title="Option key">Option key</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preference_Pane" class="mw-redirect" title="Preference Pane">Preference Pane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_list" title="Property list">Property list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartz_(graphics_layer)" title="Quartz (graphics layer)">Quartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quick_Look" title="Quick Look">Quick Look</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosetta_(software)" title="Rosetta (software)">Rosetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_folder#macOS" title="Virtual folder">Smart Folders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speakable_items" title="Speakable items">Speakable items</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spotlight_(Apple)" title="Spotlight (Apple)">Spotlight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stacks_(Mac_OS)" title="Stacks (Mac OS)">Stacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_Integrity_Protection" title="System Integrity Protection">System Integrity Protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniform_Type_Identifier" title="Uniform Type Identifier">Uniform Type Identifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_binary" title="Universal binary">Universal binary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebKit" title="WebKit">WebKit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XNU" title="XNU">XNU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XQuartz" title="XQuartz">XQuartz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deprecated</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HFS%2B" class="mw-redirect" title="HFS+">HFS+</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discontinued</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Type_Services_for_Unicode_Imaging" title="Apple Type Services for Unicode Imaging">ATSUI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BootX_(Apple)" title="BootX (Apple)">BootX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brushed_metal_(interface)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brushed metal (interface)">Brushed metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_(API)" title="Carbon (API)">Carbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classic_Environment" class="mw-redirect" title="Classic Environment">Classic Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inkwell_(Macintosh)" title="Inkwell (Macintosh)">Inkwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QuickTime" title="QuickTime">QuickTime</a></li> <li><a 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Template:Short_description"," 4.15% 87.411 1 Template:MacOS_sidebar"," 4.05% 85.134 1 Template:Sidebar_with_collapsible_lists"," 3.66% 76.963 17 Template:Cite_book"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.356","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":22791828,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAdorno2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFApple_Inc.Raskin1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAtallaFriedman2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAxon2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAxon2021\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFBenedetto2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBohn2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBohn2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBohn2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBohn2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrodkin2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCadenas2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCasey2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCellini2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCenters2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChen\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFCheng2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCheng2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChester2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChin2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChin2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChokkatu\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChokkatu2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClark2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCunningham2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCunningham2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCunningham2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCunningham2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCunningham2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCunningham2022\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFCunningham2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeutschman2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDiPane\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDignan2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEcker2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElliott1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEtherington2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEvans2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEvans2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEvans2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFlynn2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFForesman2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrakesMoren2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGartenberg2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGirard2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrunin\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHaslam2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHattersley\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHeater2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHelft2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHertzfeld\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHertzfeld2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHonan2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHsu2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHuang\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFHutsko2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIsaacson2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIyengar2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJoel_Burgess2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJoseph\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKahney2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKahney2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKahney2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKahney2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKastrenakes2017\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFKawasaki1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKelby2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKingGurman2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKnight2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKunkel1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLarsen2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLashinsky2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLawler2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeopold2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLevy2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLinzmayer2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLombardi\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLong2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLovejoy2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLovejoy2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLuke_Filipowicz2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMalone1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFManey2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarinaccio2000\"] = 4,\n [\"CITEREFMarkander2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarkoff2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartin2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMickle2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiller2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMingis2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNielsen2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPaczkowski2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPaczkowski2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPatel2020\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFPhin2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPorter2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPorter2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPotterHurleyLongOwad2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPrice2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSandberg-Diment1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSavov2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSavov2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchlenderTetzeli2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSeifert2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShankland\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSiltanen2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSimon2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSingh2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSingh2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSiracusa2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSiracusa2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSiracusa2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSiracusa2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSnell2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSnell2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSong2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSong2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSoojung-Kim_Pang2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSorrel\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSouppouris2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpoonauer2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStampler\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStatt2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStern2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTrenholm2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVasani2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVillas-Boas2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWarren2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWarren2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWebb2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWolfe2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWollman2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWood2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFupdated2021\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 4,\n [\"About\"] = 1,\n [\"Apple Inc.\"] = 1,\n [\"Apple hardware before 1998\"] = 1,\n [\"Apple hardware since 1998\"] = 1,\n [\"Apple operating systems\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 17,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 10,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 16,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 134,\n [\"Classic Mac OS\"] = 1,\n [\"Commons\"] = 1,\n [\"Gallery\"] = 1,\n [\"Good article\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox information appliance\"] = 1,\n [\"Langx\"] = 1,\n [\"Lit\"] = 1,\n [\"MacOS\"] = 1,\n [\"MacOS sidebar\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 1,\n [\"Not a typo\"] = 4,\n [\"Official website\"] = 1,\n [\"Page needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-move\"] = 1,\n [\"Redirect\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 3,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 66,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Start date and age\"] = 1,\n [\"Timeline of Mac model families\"] = 1,\n [\"US$\"] = 4,\n [\"Unbulleted list citebundle\"] = 2,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","240","17.1"],["?","200","14.3"],["dataWrapper 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