CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>History of Apple Inc. - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"21a8fdca-08aa-4a41-974e-84c1275da4b8","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"History_of_Apple_Inc.","wgTitle":"History of Apple Inc.","wgCurRevisionId":1254766599,"wgRevisionId":1254766599,"wgArticleId":2593693,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using the EasyTimeline extension","CS1: long volume value","CS1 maint: unfit URL","CS1 maint: location missing publisher","CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use mdy dates from January 2023","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from August 2019","Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images", "Articles containing potentially dated statements from November 2020","All articles containing potentially dated statements","Articles with unsourced statements from August 2010","Commons category link is locally defined","History of Apple Inc.","History of Silicon Valley","Steve Jobs","History of computing hardware"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"History_of_Apple_Inc.","wgRelevantArticleId":2593693,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true}, "wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":200000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1048090","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.timeline.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready", "jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.timeline.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Apple_logo_black.svg/1200px-Apple_logo_black.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1474"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Apple_logo_black.svg/800px-Apple_logo_black.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="983"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Apple_logo_black.svg/640px-Apple_logo_black.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="786"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="History of Apple Inc. - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Apple_Inc."> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Apple_Inc.&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Apple_Inc."> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-History_of_Apple_Inc rootpage-History_of_Apple_Inc skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Main menu </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events">Current events</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works">About Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia">Learn to edit</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors">Community portal</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia">Upload file</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Search </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Appearance </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=History+of+Apple+Inc." title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=History+of+Apple+Inc." title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Log in</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Personal tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en">Donate</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=History+of+Apple+Inc." title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"> Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=History+of+Apple+Inc." title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-1971–1985:_Jobs_and_Wozniak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1971–1985:_Jobs_and_Wozniak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 1971–1985: Jobs and Wozniak </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-1971–1985:_Jobs_and_Wozniak-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle 1971–1985: Jobs and Wozniak subsection </button> <ul id="toc-1971–1985:_Jobs_and_Wozniak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pre-foundation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-foundation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 Pre-foundation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-foundation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Apple_I_and_company_formation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Apple_I_and_company_formation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Apple I and company formation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Apple_I_and_company_formation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Apple_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Apple_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Apple II </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Apple_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Apple_III" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Apple_III"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Apple III </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Apple_III-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Apple_IPO" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Apple_IPO"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 Apple IPO </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Apple_IPO-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Competition_from_the_IBM_PC" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Competition_from_the_IBM_PC"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 Competition from the IBM PC </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Competition_from_the_IBM_PC-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Xerox_PARC_and_the_Lisa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Xerox_PARC_and_the_Lisa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7 Xerox PARC and the Lisa </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Xerox_PARC_and_the_Lisa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Macintosh_and_the_"1984"_commercial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Macintosh_and_the_"1984"_commercial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.8 Macintosh and the "1984" commercial </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Macintosh_and_the_"1984"_commercial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jobs_and_Wozniak_leave_Apple" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jobs_and_Wozniak_leave_Apple"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.9 Jobs and Wozniak leave Apple </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jobs_and_Wozniak_leave_Apple-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1985–1997:_Sculley,_Spindler,_Amelio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1985–1997:_Sculley,_Spindler,_Amelio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 1985–1997: Sculley, Spindler, Amelio </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-1985–1997:_Sculley,_Spindler,_Amelio-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle 1985–1997: Sculley, Spindler, Amelio subsection </button> <ul id="toc-1985–1997:_Sculley,_Spindler,_Amelio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Corporate_performance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corporate_performance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Corporate performance </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corporate_performance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Mac_family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Mac_family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 The Mac family </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Mac_family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early-mid-1990s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early-mid-1990s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Early-mid-1990s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early-mid-1990s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Need_for_a_new_OS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Need_for_a_new_OS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Need for a new OS </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Need_for_a_new_OS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Acquisition_of_NeXT" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Acquisition_of_NeXT"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Acquisition of NeXT </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Acquisition_of_NeXT-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1997–2001:_Apple's_comeback" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1997–2001:_Apple's_comeback"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 1997–2001: Apple's comeback </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-1997–2001:_Apple's_comeback-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle 1997–2001: Apple's comeback subsection </button> <ul id="toc-1997–2001:_Apple's_comeback-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Return_of_Steve_Jobs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Return_of_Steve_Jobs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Return of Steve Jobs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Return_of_Steve_Jobs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Microsoft_deal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Microsoft_deal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Microsoft deal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Microsoft_deal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-iMac,_iBook,_and_Power_Mac_G4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#iMac,_iBook,_and_Power_Mac_G4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 iMac, iBook, and Power Mac G4 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-iMac,_iBook,_and_Power_Mac_G4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mac_OS_X" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mac_OS_X"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Mac OS X </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mac_OS_X-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Retail_stores" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Retail_stores"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Retail stores </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Retail_stores-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2001–2007:_iPods,_iTunes_Store,_Intel_transition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2001–2007:_iPods,_iTunes_Store,_Intel_transition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 2001–2007: iPods, iTunes Store, Intel transition </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-2001–2007:_iPods,_iTunes_Store,_Intel_transition-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle 2001–2007: iPods, iTunes Store, Intel transition subsection </button> <ul id="toc-2001–2007:_iPods,_iTunes_Store,_Intel_transition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-iPod" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#iPod"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 iPod </div> </a> <ul id="toc-iPod-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Moving_on_from_colored_plastics_and_the_PowerPC_G3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moving_on_from_colored_plastics_and_the_PowerPC_G3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Moving on from colored plastics and the PowerPC G3 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Moving_on_from_colored_plastics_and_the_PowerPC_G3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Retail_store_expansion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Retail_store_expansion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Retail store expansion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Retail_store_expansion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Apple_and_"i"_Web_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Apple_and_"i"_Web_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Apple and "i" Web services </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Apple_and_"i"_Web_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-iTunes_Store" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#iTunes_Store"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 iTunes Store </div> </a> <ul id="toc-iTunes_Store-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Intel_transition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intel_transition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6 Intel transition </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Intel_transition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2007–2011:_Apple_Inc.,_iPhone,_iOS,_iPad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2007–2011:_Apple_Inc.,_iPhone,_iOS,_iPad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 2007–2011: Apple Inc., iPhone, iOS, iPad </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-2007–2011:_Apple_Inc.,_iPhone,_iOS,_iPad-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle 2007–2011: Apple Inc., iPhone, iOS, iPad subsection </button> <ul id="toc-2007–2011:_Apple_Inc.,_iPhone,_iOS,_iPad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-iOS_evolution:_iPhone_and_iPad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#iOS_evolution:_iPhone_and_iPad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 iOS evolution: iPhone and iPad </div> </a> <ul id="toc-iOS_evolution:_iPhone_and_iPad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Resurgence_compared_to_Microsoft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Resurgence_compared_to_Microsoft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Resurgence compared to Microsoft </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Resurgence_compared_to_Microsoft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2011–2020:_Restructuring_and_Apple_Watch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2011–2020:_Restructuring_and_Apple_Watch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 2011–2020: Restructuring and Apple Watch </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2011–2020:_Restructuring_and_Apple_Watch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2020–present:_5G_and_Apple_silicon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020–present:_5G_and_Apple_silicon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 2020–present: 5G and Apple silicon </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020–present:_5G_and_Apple_silicon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Financial_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Financial_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Financial history </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Financial_history-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Financial history subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Financial_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Stock" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stock"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Stock </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stock-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Timeline_of_Apple_Inc._products" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timeline_of_Apple_Inc._products"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Timeline of Apple Inc. products </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Timeline_of_Apple_Inc._products-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">History of Apple Inc.</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 11 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-11" aria-hidden="true" > 11 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%84" title="تاريخ شركة أبل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تاريخ شركة أبل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_de_Apple_Inc." title="Historia de Apple Inc. – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Historia de Apple Inc." data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE_%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84" title="تاریخ اپل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تاریخ اپل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histoire_d%27Apple" title="Histoire d'Apple – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Histoire d'Apple" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%A0%ED%94%8C%EC%9D%98_%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC" title="애플의 역사 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="애플의 역사" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storia_di_Apple" title="Storia di Apple – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Storia di Apple" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Az_Apple_Inc._t%C3%B6rt%C3%A9nete" title="Az Apple Inc. története – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Az Apple Inc. története" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_Apple_Inc." title="Geschiedenis van Apple Inc. – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Geschiedenis van Apple Inc." data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple%E3%81%AE%E6%AD%B4%E5%8F%B2" title="Appleの歴史 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Appleの歴史" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8E%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%BE%DA%B5" title="مێژووی ئەپڵ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مێژووی ئەپڵ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%B9%E6%9E%9C%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="苹果公司历史 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="苹果公司历史" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1048090#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Apple_Inc." title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:History_of_Apple_Inc." rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >English </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Apple_Inc.">Read</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Apple_Inc.&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Apple_Inc.&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Apple_Inc.">Read</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Apple_Inc.&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Apple_Inc.&action=history">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/History_of_Apple_Inc." title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/History_of_Apple_Inc." rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q">Special pages</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Apple_Inc.&oldid=1254766599" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Apple_Inc.&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=History_of_Apple_Inc.&id=1254766599&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHistory_of_Apple_Inc.">Get shortened URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHistory_of_Apple_Inc.">Download QR code</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=History_of_Apple_Inc.&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file">Download as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Apple_Inc.&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Apple_Inc." hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibooks mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/History_of_Apple_Inc." hreflang="en">Wikibooks</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1048090" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">History of American technology company</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apple_logo_black.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Apple_logo_black.svg/200px-Apple_logo_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Apple_logo_black.svg/300px-Apple_logo_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Apple_logo_black.svg/400px-Apple_logo_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="814" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Current <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Inc.</a> logo, introduced in 1998, discontinued in 2000, and re-established in 2014<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Inc.</a>, originally Apple Computer, Inc., is a <a href="/wiki/Multinational_corporation" title="Multinational corporation">multinational corporation</a> that creates and markets <a href="/wiki/Consumer_electronics" title="Consumer electronics">consumer electronics</a> and attendant computer software, and is a <a href="/wiki/Digital_distribution" title="Digital distribution">digital distributor</a> of media content. <a href="/wiki/List_of_Apple_products" title="List of Apple products">Apple's core product lines</a> are the <a href="/wiki/IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhone</a> <a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">smartphone</a>, <a href="/wiki/IPad" title="IPad">iPad</a> <a href="/wiki/Tablet_computer" title="Tablet computer">tablet computer</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Mac_(computer)" title="Mac (computer)">Mac</a> <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">personal computer</a>. The company offers its products online and has a chain of retail stores known as <a href="/wiki/Apple_Stores" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Stores">Apple Stores</a>. Founders <a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steve_Wozniak" title="Steve Wozniak">Steve Wozniak</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Wayne" title="Ronald Wayne">Ronald Wayne</a> created Apple Computer Co. on April 1, 1976, to market Wozniak's <a href="/wiki/Apple_I" title="Apple I">Apple I</a> desktop computer,<a href="#cite_note-partnership-2">[2]</a> and Jobs and Wozniak incorporated the company on January 3, 1977,<a href="#cite_note-Apple_incorporation-3">[3]</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cupertino,_California" title="Cupertino, California">Cupertino, California</a>. For more than three decades, Apple Computer was predominantly a manufacturer of personal computers, including the <a href="/wiki/Apple_II" title="Apple II">Apple II</a>, Macintosh, and <a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh" title="Power Macintosh">Power Mac</a> lines, but it faced rocky sales and low market share during the 1990s. Jobs, who had been ousted from the company in 1985, returned to Apple in 1997 after his company <a href="/wiki/NeXT" title="NeXT">NeXT</a> was bought by Apple.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> The following year he became the company's interim CEO,<a href="#cite_note-interim_CEO-5">[5]</a> which later became permanent.<a href="#cite_note-norr-6">[6]</a> Jobs subsequently instilled a new corporate philosophy of recognizable products and simple design, starting with the <a href="/wiki/IMac_G3" title="IMac G3">original iMac</a> in 1998. With the introduction of the successful <a href="/wiki/IPod" title="IPod">iPod</a> music player in 2001 and <a href="/wiki/ITunes_Store" title="ITunes Store">iTunes Music Store</a> in 2003, Apple established itself as a leader in the consumer electronics and media sales industries, leading it to drop "Computer" from the company's name in 2007. The company is also known for its <a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a> range of smartphone, media player, and tablet computer products that began with the iPhone, followed by the <a href="/wiki/IPod_Touch" title="IPod Touch">iPod Touch</a> and then iPad. As of June 30, 2015, Apple was <a href="/wiki/List_of_corporations_by_market_capitalization" class="mw-redirect" title="List of corporations by market capitalization">the largest publicly traded corporation in the world by market capitalization</a>,<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> with an estimated value of US$1 trillion as of August 2, 2018.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> Apple's worldwide annual revenue in 2010 totaled US$65 billion, growing to US$127.8 billion in 2011<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> and $156 billion in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-10-K-2012-10">[10]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1971–1985:_Jobs_and_Wozniak">1971–1985: Jobs and Wozniak</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Apple_Inc.&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: 1971–1985: Jobs and Wozniak">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-foundation">Pre-foundation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Apple_Inc.&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Pre-foundation">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blue_Box_in_museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Blue_Box_in_museum.jpg/220px-Blue_Box_in_museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Blue_Box_in_museum.jpg/330px-Blue_Box_in_museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Blue_Box_in_museum.jpg/440px-Blue_Box_in_museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="461" data-file-height="461" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Steve_Wozniak" title="Steve Wozniak">Steve Wozniak</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Blue_box" title="Blue box">blue box</a>" at the <a href="/wiki/Computer_History_Museum" title="Computer History Museum">Computer History Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Steve_Wozniak" title="Steve Wozniak">Steve Wozniak</a>, referred to collectively as "the two Steves", first met in mid-1971, when their mutual friend <a href="/wiki/Bill_Fernandez" title="Bill Fernandez">Bill Fernandez</a> introduced then 21-year-old Wozniak to 16-year-old Jobs.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer20041–2-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Grady20091–2-12">[12]</a> Their first business partnership began in the fall of that year when Wozniak, a self-educated electronics engineer, read an article in Esquire magazine that described a device that could place free long-distance phone calls by emitting specific tone chirps. Wozniak started to build his original “<a href="/wiki/Blue_box" title="Blue box">blue boxes</a>”, which he tested by calling the <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a> pretending to be <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a> wanting to speak to the pope.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> Jobs managed to sell some two hundred blue boxes for $150 each, and split the profit with Wozniak.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer20041–2-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Grady20091–2-12">[12]</a> Jobs later told his biographer that if it hadn't been for Wozniak's blue boxes, "there wouldn't have been an Apple."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201530-14">[14]</a> By 1972, Jobs had withdrawn from <a href="/wiki/Reed_College" title="Reed College">Reed College</a> and Wozniak from <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">UC Berkeley</a>. Wozniak designed a video terminal that he could use to log on to the minicomputers at Call Computer. Alex Kamradt commissioned the design and sold a small number of them through his firm. Aside from their interest in up-to-date technology, the impetus for the two Steves seems to have had another source. In his essay From Satori to Silicon Valley (published 1986), cultural historian <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roszak_(scholar)" title="Theodore Roszak (scholar)">Theodore Roszak</a> made the point that Apple Computer emerged from within the West Coast <a href="/wiki/Counterculture" title="Counterculture">counterculture</a> and the need to produce print-outs, letter labels, and databases. Roszak offers a bit of background on the development of the two Steves' prototype models. In 1975, the two Steves started attending meetings of the <a href="/wiki/Homebrew_Computer_Club" title="Homebrew Computer Club">Homebrew Computer Club</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Apple_Confidential-15">[15]</a> New microcomputers such as the <a href="/wiki/Altair_8800" title="Altair 8800">Altair 8800</a> and the <a href="/wiki/IMSAI_8080" title="IMSAI 8080">IMSAI 8080</a> inspired Wozniak to build a microprocessor into his video terminal circuit to make a complete computer. At the time the only <a href="/wiki/Microcomputer" title="Microcomputer">microcomputer</a> <a href="/wiki/Central_processing_unit" title="Central processing unit">CPUs</a> generally available were the $179 <a href="/wiki/Intel_8080" title="Intel 8080">Intel 8080</a> (equivalent to $1,014 in 2023), and the $170 <a href="/wiki/Motorola_6800" title="Motorola 6800">Motorola 6800</a> (equivalent to $963 in 2023). Wozniak preferred the 6800, but both were out of his price range. So he watched, and learned, and designed computers on paper, waiting for the day he could afford a CPU. When <a href="/wiki/MOS_Technology" title="MOS Technology">MOS Technology</a> released its $20 (equivalent to $107 in 2023) <a href="/wiki/MOS_Technology_6502" title="MOS Technology 6502">6502</a> chip in 1976, Wozniak wrote a version of <a href="/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC">BASIC</a> for it, then began to design a computer for it to run on. The 6502 was designed by the same people who designed the 6800, as many in Silicon Valley left employers to form their own companies. Wozniak's earlier 6800 paper-computer needed only minor changes to run on the new chip. By March 1, 1976, Wozniak completed the machine and took it to a <a href="/wiki/Homebrew_Computer_Club" title="Homebrew Computer Club">Homebrew Computer Club</a> meeting to show it off.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer20045-16">[16]</a> When Jobs saw Wozniak's computer, which later became the <a href="/wiki/Apple_I" title="Apple I">Apple I</a>, he was immediately interested in its commercial potential.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Initially, Wozniak intended to share schematics of the machine for free, but Jobs insisted that they should instead build and sell bare <a href="/wiki/Printed_circuit_board" title="Printed circuit board">printed circuit boards</a> for the computer.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201562-18">[18]</a> Wozniak originally offered the design to <a href="/wiki/Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">Hewlett-Packard</a> (HP), where he worked at the time, but was denied by the company on five occasions.<a href="#cite_note-AI-19">[19]</a> Jobs eventually convinced Wozniak to go into business together and start a new company of their own.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer20045–6-20">[20]</a> In order to raise the money they needed to produce the first batch of printed circuit boards, Jobs sold his <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Type_2" title="Volkswagen Type 2">Volkswagen Type 2</a> <a href="/wiki/Minibus" title="Minibus">minibus</a> for $1,500, and Wozniak his <a href="/wiki/HP-65" title="HP-65">HP-65</a> <a href="/wiki/Programmable_calculator" title="Programmable calculator">programmable calculator</a> for $500.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201562-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer20045-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Apple_I_and_company_formation">Apple I and company formation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Apple_Inc.&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Apple I and company formation">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apple_Garage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Apple_Garage.jpg/220px-Apple_Garage.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Apple_Garage.jpg/330px-Apple_Garage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Apple_Garage.jpg/440px-Apple_Garage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</a>' parents' home on Crist Drive in <a href="/wiki/Los_Altos,_California" title="Los Altos, California">Los Altos, California</a>, where Apple started its operation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer20048-23">[23]</a> Initial work took place in his bedroom and later moved to the home's garage.<a href="#cite_note-Apple_Confidential-15">[15]</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apple_1_Woz_1976_at_CHM.agr_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Apple_1_Woz_1976_at_CHM.agr_cropped.jpg/220px-Apple_1_Woz_1976_at_CHM.agr_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Apple_1_Woz_1976_at_CHM.agr_cropped.jpg/330px-Apple_1_Woz_1976_at_CHM.agr_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Apple_1_Woz_1976_at_CHM.agr_cropped.jpg/440px-Apple_1_Woz_1976_at_CHM.agr_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1255" data-file-height="732" /></a><figcaption>Wozniak's <a href="/wiki/Apple_I" title="Apple I">Apple I</a> design was sold as an assembled circuit board, without a case, and could use an ordinary TV as the display. Users only needed to supply a keyboard.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:142px;max-width:142px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:140px;max-width:140px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:200px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Apple_first_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Apple_first_logo.png/138px-Apple_first_logo.png" decoding="async" width="138" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Apple_first_logo.png/207px-Apple_first_logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Apple_first_logo.png/276px-Apple_first_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="412" data-file-height="599" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">The first <a href="/wiki/Apple_logo" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple logo">Apple logo</a>, drawn by <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Wayne" title="Ronald Wayne">Ronald Wayne</a>, depicts <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a> under an apple tree.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:140px;max-width:140px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:151px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Apple_Computer_Logo_rainbow.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Apple_Computer_Logo_rainbow.svg/138px-Apple_Computer_Logo_rainbow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="138" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Apple_Computer_Logo_rainbow.svg/207px-Apple_Computer_Logo_rainbow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Apple_Computer_Logo_rainbow.svg/276px-Apple_Computer_Logo_rainbow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="550" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Created by <a href="/wiki/Rob_Janoff" title="Rob Janoff">Rob Janoff</a> in 1977, the Apple logo with the rainbow scheme was used from April of that year<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> until August 26, 1999.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</div></div></div></div></div> On April 1, 1976, Apple Computer Company was founded by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Wayne" title="Ronald Wayne">Ronald Wayne</a>.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer20045–6-20">[20]</a> The company was registered as a California <a href="/wiki/Business_partnership" class="mw-redirect" title="Business partnership">business partnership</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchlender201639-26">[26]</a> Wayne, who worked at <a href="/wiki/Atari,_Inc." title="Atari, Inc.">Atari, Inc.</a> as a chief draftsman, became a co-founder in return for a 10% stake.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwaine2014336–338-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer20045–6-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-partnership-2">[2]</a> Wayne was gun-shy due to the failure of his own venture four years earlier. On April 12, less than two weeks after the company's formation, Wayne left Apple, selling his 10% share back to the two Steves for $800.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201565–66-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer20046–8-29">[29]</a> According to Wozniak, Jobs proposed the name “Apple Computer” when he had just come back from <a href="/wiki/Robert_Friedland" title="Robert Friedland">Robert Friedland</a>'s All-One Farm in Oregon.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer20046–8-29">[29]</a> Jobs told <a href="/wiki/Walter_Isaacson" title="Walter Isaacson">Walter Isaacson</a> that he was "on one of my fruitarian diets," when he conceived of the name and thought "it sounded fun, spirited and not intimidating ... plus, it would get us ahead of Atari in the phone book."<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> The two Steves made a last trip to the Homebrew Computer Club and demonstrated the <a href="/wiki/Apple_I" title="Apple I">Apple I</a> (AKA: The Apple Computer).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchlender201639–40-31">[31]</a> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Terrell" title="Paul Terrell">Paul Terrell</a>, who operated the computer store chain Byte Shop, was impressed,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwaine2014336–338-27">[27]</a> and gave the two Steves his card, asking them to keep in touch.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201566-32">[32]</a> The next day, Jobs visited Terrell at the <a href="/wiki/Mountain_View,_California" title="Mountain View, California">Mountain View</a> Byte Shop store, and tried to sell him the bare circuit boards for the Apple I.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer20046–8-29">[29]</a> Terrell said he was only interested in purchasing the machine fully assembled, and that he would order 50 assembled computers and pay US$500 each on delivery (equivalent to $2,700 in 2023).<a href="#cite_note-iCon-p35-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer20047-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwaine2014336–338-27">[27]</a> Jobs took the purchase order from the Byte Shop to national electronic parts distributor Cramer Electronics, and ordered the components needed. When asked by the credit manager how he would pay for the parts, Jobs replied, "I have this purchase order from the Byte Shop chain of computer stores for 50 of my computers and the payment terms are <a href="/wiki/Cash_on_delivery" title="Cash on delivery">COD</a>. If you give me the parts on net 30-day terms I can build and deliver the computers in that time frame, collect my money from Terrell at the Byte Shop and pay you."<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-wozniak198412-36">[36]</a> To verify the purchase order, the credit manager called Paul Terrell, who assured him if the computers showed up, Jobs would have more than enough money for the parts order. The two Steves and their small crew spent day and night building and testing the computers, and delivered to Terrell on time. Terrell was surprised to receive a batch of assembled circuit boards, as he had expected complete computers with a case, monitor and keyboard.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201567–68-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer20048–10-38">[38]</a> Nonetheless, he kept his word and paid the two Steves the money promised.<a href="#cite_note-VintageNews-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201567–68-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer20048–10-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-iCon-p36-40">[40]</a> The Apple I went on sale in July 1976 as an assembled circuit board with a retail price of $666.66.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer20047–8-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201569–70-43">[43]</a> Wozniak later said he had had no idea about the relation between the number and the <a href="/wiki/Mark_of_the_beast" class="mw-redirect" title="Mark of the beast">mark of the beast</a>, and that he came up with the price because he liked repeating digits.<a href="#cite_note-VintageNews-39">[39]</a> About 200 units of the Apple I were eventually sold.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer200414-44">[44]</a> The Apple I computer had some notable features, including the use of a <a href="/wiki/Television" title="Television">TV</a> display, whereas many machines had no display at all. This was not like the displays of later machines; the text was displayed at 60 characters per second – still faster than the teleprinters of contemporary machines of that era. The machine had <a href="/wiki/Booting" title="Booting">bootstrap</a> code on <a href="/wiki/Read-only_memory" title="Read-only memory">ROM</a>, making it easier to start up. At the insistence of Paul Terrell, Wozniak designed a cassette interface for loading and saving programs, at the then-rapid pace of 1200 bit/s. The simple machine was a masterpiece of design using far fewer parts than anything in its class, and earned Wozniak his reputation as a designer. Jobs looked for investments to expand the business,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer20048–10-38">[38]</a> but banks were reluctant to lend him money; the idea of a computer for ordinary people seemed absurd at the time. In August 1976, Jobs approached his former boss at Atari, <a href="/wiki/Nolan_Bushnell" title="Nolan Bushnell">Nolan Bushnell</a>, who recommended that he meet with <a href="/wiki/Don_Valentine" title="Don Valentine">Don Valentine</a>, the founder of <a href="/wiki/Sequoia_Capital" title="Sequoia Capital">Sequoia Capital</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer20048–10-38">[38]</a> Valentine was not interested in funding Apple, but in turn introduced Jobs to <a href="/wiki/Mike_Markkula" title="Mike Markkula">Mike Markkula</a>, a millionaire who had worked under him at <a href="/wiki/Fairchild_Semiconductor" title="Fairchild Semiconductor">Fairchild Semiconductor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer20048–10-38">[38]</a> Markkula saw great potential in the two Steves, and became an <a href="/wiki/Angel_investor" title="Angel investor">angel investor</a> of their company.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchlender201645–47-45">[45]</a> He invested $92,000 in Apple out of his own property while securing a $250,000 (equivalent to $1,340,000 in 2023) line of credit from Bank of America.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchlender201645–47-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer20048–10-38">[38]</a> In return, Markkula received a one-third stake in Apple.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchlender201645–47-45">[45]</a> Apple Computer, Inc. was incorporated on January 3, 1977.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer20048–10-38">[38]</a> The new corporation bought out the partnership the two Steves had formed nine months earlier.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201577–78-46">[46]</a> In February 1977, Markkula recruited <a href="/wiki/Michael_Scott_(Apple)" title="Michael Scott (Apple)">Michael Scott</a> from <a href="/wiki/National_Semiconductor" title="National Semiconductor">National Semiconductor</a> to serve as the first president and CEO of Apple Computer, as the two Steves were both insufficiently experienced and he was not interested in taking that position himself.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer200411-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchlender201648–50-48">[48]</a> That same month, Wozniak resigned from his job at <a href="/wiki/Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">Hewlett-Packard</a> to work full-time for Apple.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201577–78-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer200421-49">[49]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Apple_II">Apple II</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Apple_Inc.&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Apple II">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Apple_II_(original)" title="Apple II (original)">Apple II (original)</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:342px;max-width:342px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:197px;max-width:197px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:134px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Apple_II_Plus_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Apple_II_Plus_cropped.jpg/195px-Apple_II_Plus_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="195" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Apple_II_Plus_cropped.jpg/293px-Apple_II_Plus_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Apple_II_Plus_cropped.jpg/390px-Apple_II_Plus_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1717" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Apple_II_Plus" title="Apple II Plus">Apple II Plus</a>, designed primarily by Wozniak</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:141px;max-width:141px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:134px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Disk_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Disk_II.jpg/139px-Disk_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="139" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Disk_II.jpg/209px-Disk_II.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Disk_II.jpg/278px-Disk_II.jpg 2x" data-file-width="737" data-file-height="712" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Disk_II" title="Disk II">Disk II</a>, also designed by Wozniak</div></div></div></div></div> Almost as soon as Apple had started selling its first computers, Wozniak moved on from the Apple I and began designing a greatly improved computer: the <a href="/wiki/Apple_II_(original)" title="Apple II (original)">Apple II</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchlender201645–47-45">[45]</a> Wozniak completed a working prototype of the new machine by August 1976.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer20048–10-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> The two Steves presented the Apple II computer to the public at the first <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_Computer_Faire" title="West Coast Computer Faire">West Coast Computer Faire</a> on April 16 and 17, 1977. On the first day of the exhibition, Jobs introduced the Apple II to a Japanese chemist named Toshio Mizushima, who became the first authorized Apple dealer in Japan. In the May 1977 issue of <a href="/wiki/Byte_(magazine)" title="Byte (magazine)">Byte</a>, Wozniak said of the Apple II design, "To me, a personal computer should be small, reliable, convenient to use, and inexpensive."<a href="#cite_note-wozniak197705-51">[51]</a> The Apple II went on sale on June 10, 1977, with a retail price of $1,298.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> The computer's main internal difference from its predecessor was a completely redesigned TV interface, which held the display in memory. Now not only useful for simple text display, the Apple II included graphics and, eventually, color. During the development of the Apple II, Jobs pressed for a well-designed plastic case and built-in keyboard, with the idea that the machine should be fully packaged and ready to run out of the box.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201571–74-53">[53]</a> This was almost the case for the Apple I computers, but one still needed to plug various parts together and type in the code to run BASIC. Jobs wanted the Apple II case to be "simple and elegant", and hired an industrial designer named <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Manock" title="Jerry Manock">Jerry Manock</a> to produce such a case design.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201571–74-53">[53]</a> Apple employee #5 <a href="/wiki/Rod_Holt" title="Rod Holt">Rod Holt</a> developed the <a href="/wiki/Switched-mode_power_supply" title="Switched-mode power supply">switching power supply</a>.<a href="#cite_note-wozorgAppleII-54">[54]</a> While early Apple II models use ordinary cassette tapes as storage devices, they were superseded in 1978 by the introduction of a <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>5+1⁄4-inch <a href="/wiki/Floppy_disk" title="Floppy disk">floppy disk</a> drive and interface called the <a href="/wiki/Disk_II" title="Disk II">Disk II</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer200413–15-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> The Disk II system was designed by Wozniak and released with a retail price of $495.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer200413–15-55">[55]</a> In 1979, the Apple II was chosen to be the desktop platform for what became the first <a href="/wiki/Killer_application" title="Killer application">killer application</a> of the business world: <a href="/wiki/VisiCalc" title="VisiCalc">VisiCalc</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Spreadsheet" title="Spreadsheet">spreadsheet</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer200413–15-55">[55]</a> So important that the Apple II became what <a href="/wiki/John_Markoff" title="John Markoff">John Markoff</a> described as a "VisiCalc accessory",<a href="#cite_note-markoff19820705-57">[57]</a> the application created a business market for the computer and gave home users an additional reason to buy it: compatibility with the office.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer200413–15-55">[55]</a> Before VisiCalc, Apple had been a distant third place competitor to <a href="/wiki/Commodore_64" title="Commodore 64">Commodore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tandy_Computers" class="mw-redirect" title="Tandy Computers">Tandy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> The Apple II was one of the three "<a href="/wiki/History_of_personal_computers#1977_and_the_emergence_of_the_"Trinity"" title="History of personal computers">1977 Trinity</a>" computers generally credited with creating the <a href="/wiki/Home_computer" title="Home computer">home computer</a> market (the other two being the <a href="/wiki/Commodore_PET" title="Commodore PET">Commodore PET</a> and the Tandy Corporation <a href="/wiki/TRS-80" title="TRS-80">TRS-80</a>).<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> A number of different models of the Apple II were built thereafter, including the <a href="/wiki/Apple_IIe" title="Apple IIe">Apple IIe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apple_IIGS" title="Apple IIGS">Apple IIGS</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer200417–20-61">[61]</a> which continued in public use for nearly two decades. The <a href="/wiki/Apple_II" title="Apple II">Apple II series</a> went on to sell about six million units in total before it was discontinued in 1993.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201584–85-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchlender201665–66-63">[63]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Apple_III">Apple III</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Apple_Inc.&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Apple III">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Apple_III" title="Apple III">Apple III</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apple3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Apple3.jpg/220px-Apple3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Apple3.jpg/330px-Apple3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Apple3.jpg/440px-Apple3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="561" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Apple_III" title="Apple III">Apple III</a> with <a href="/wiki/Apple_Monitor_III" title="Apple Monitor III">Apple Monitor III</a></figcaption></figure> While the Apple II was already established as a successful business-ready platform because of VisiCalc, Apple management was not content. The Apple III was designed to take on the business environment in an attempt to compete with <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> in the business and corporate computing market.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Grady20096-64">[64]</a> The development of the Apple III started in late 1978 under the guidance of Wendell Sander,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer200481–82-65">[65]</a> and was subsequently developed by a committee headed by Jobs.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer200441–42-66">[66]</a> The Apple III was first announced on May 19, 1980, with a retail price ranging from $4,340 to $7,800, and released in November 1980.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer200441–42-66">[66]</a> The Apple III was a conservative design for the era, however Jobs wanted the heat generated by the electronics to be dissipated through the <a href="/wiki/Chassis" title="Chassis">chassis</a> of the machine rather than by the more usual cooling fan. The case was not sufficient to cool the components and the Apple III was prone to overheating, causing the <a href="/wiki/Integrated_circuit" title="Integrated circuit">integrated circuit</a> chips to disconnect from the motherboard. Customers who contacted Apple customer service were told to raise their computers into the air, and then let go to cause the integrated circuits to fall back into place. Thousands of Apple III computers were recalled. A new model was introduced in 1983 to try to rectify the problems, but the damage was already done. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Apple_IPO">Apple IPO</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Apple_Inc.&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Apple IPO">edit</a>]</div> In the July 1980 issue of <a href="/wiki/Kilobaud_Microcomputing" title="Kilobaud Microcomputing">Kilobaud Microcomputing</a>, publisher <a href="/wiki/Wayne_Green" title="Wayne Green">Wayne Green</a> stated that "the best consumer ads I've seen have been those by Apple. They are attention-getting, and they must be prompting sale."<a href="#cite_note-green198007-67">[67]</a> In August, the <a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a> reported that <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">Apple Computer, the fast growing Californian manufacturer of small computers for the consumer, business and educational markets, is planning to go public later this year. [It] is the largest private manufacturer in the U.S. of small computers. Founded about five years ago as a small workshop business, it has become the second largest manufacturer of small computers, after the <a href="/wiki/Radio_Shack" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio Shack">Radio Shack</a> division of the <a href="/wiki/Tandy_Corporation" title="Tandy Corporation">Tandy</a> company.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a></blockquote> On December 12, 1980, Apple went public on the <a href="/wiki/NASDAQ" class="mw-redirect" title="NASDAQ">NASDAQ</a> stock exchange with the ticker symbol "AAPL", selling 4.6 million shares at $22 per share ($.10 per share when adjusting for <a href="/wiki/Stock_split" title="Stock split">stock splits</a> as of November 30, 2020<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_Apple_Inc.&action=edit">[update]</a>),<a href="#cite_note-Apple_FAQ-69">[69]</a> generating over $100 million, which was more capital than any IPO since <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford Motor Company</a> in 1956.<a href="#cite_note-EDNAAPLSTOCK-70">[70]</a> Several venture capitalists cashed out, reaping billions in long-term capital gains. By the end of the day, the stock rose to $29 per share and 300 millionaires were created, including the two Steves.<a href="#cite_note-CNBC-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-DEDIPO-72">[72]</a> Around this time Wozniak offered $10 million of his own stock to early Apple employees, something Jobs refused to do.<a href="#cite_note-CNBC-71">[71]</a> Apple's market cap was $1.778 billion at the end of its first day of trading.<a href="#cite_note-EDNAAPLSTOCK-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-DEDIPO-72">[72]</a> In January 1981, Apple held its first shareholders meeting as a public company in the <a href="/wiki/Flint_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Flint Center">Flint Center</a>, a large auditorium at nearby <a href="/wiki/De_Anza_College" title="De Anza College">De Anza College</a> (which is often used for symphony concerts) to handle the larger numbers of shareholders post-IPO. The business of the meeting had been planned so that the voting could be staged in 15 minutes or less. In most cases, voting proxies are collected by mail and counted days or months before a meeting. In this case, after the IPO, many shares were in new hands. <pre>Jobs started his prepared speech, but after being interrupted by voting several times, he dropped his prepared speech and delivered a long, emotionally charged talk about betrayal, lack of respect, and related topics.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> </pre> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Competition_from_the_IBM_PC">Competition from the IBM PC</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Apple_Inc.&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Competition from the IBM PC">edit</a>]</div> By August 1981 Apple was among the three largest microcomputer companies, perhaps having replaced Radio Shack as the leader;<a href="#cite_note-hogan19810831-74">[74]</a> revenue in the first half of the year had already exceeded 1980's $118 million, and InfoWorld reported that lack of production capacity was constraining growth.<a href="#cite_note-hogan19810914state-75">[75]</a> Because of VisiCalc, businesses purchased 90% of Apple II computers;<a href="#cite_note-Mace1984-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-byte198501-77">[77]</a> large customers especially preferred Apple.<a href="#cite_note-mcmullen19840221-78">[78]</a> <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> entered the personal computer market that month with the <a href="/wiki/IBM_Personal_Computer" title="IBM Personal Computer">IBM PC</a><a href="#cite_note-pollack19810813-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-isaacson2013-80">[80]</a> in part because it did not want products without IBM logos on customers' desks,<a href="#cite_note-pollack19830327-81">[81]</a> but Apple had many advantages. While IBM began with one microcomputer, little available hardware or software, and a couple of hundred dealers, Apple had five times as many dealers in the US and an established international distribution network. The Apple II had an <a href="/wiki/Installed_base" title="Installed base">installed base</a> of more than 250,000 customers, and hundreds of independent developers offered software and peripherals; at least ten databases and ten word processors were available, while the PC had no databases and one word processor.<a href="#cite_note-rosen19811130-82">[82]</a> The company's customers gained a reputation for devotion and loyalty. <a href="/wiki/BYTE" class="mw-redirect" title="BYTE">BYTE</a> in 1984 stated that<a href="#cite_note-lemmons198412-83">[83]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">There are two kinds of people in the world: people who say Apple isn't just a company, it's a cause; and people who say Apple isn't a cause, it's just a company. Both groups are right. Nature has suspended the principle of noncontradiction where Apple is concerned. Apple is more than just a company because its founding has some of the qualities of myth ... Apple is two guys in a garage undertaking the mission of bringing computing power, once reserved for big corporations, to ordinary individuals with ordinary budgets. The company's growth from two guys to a billion-dollar corporation exemplifies the <a href="/wiki/American_Dream" title="American Dream">American Dream</a>. Even as a large corporation, Apple plays <a href="/wiki/David_and_Goliath" class="mw-redirect" title="David and Goliath">David to IBM's Goliath</a>, and thus has the sympathetic role in that myth.</blockquote> The magazine noted that the loyalty was not entirely positive for Apple; customers were willing to overlook real flaws in its products, even while holding the company to a higher standard than for competitors.<a href="#cite_note-lemmons198412-83">[83]</a> The Apple III was an example of its autocratic reputation among dealers<a href="#cite_note-mcmullen19840221-78">[78]</a> that one described as "Apple arrogance".<a href="#cite_note-dvorak19831128-84">[84]</a> After examining a PC and finding it unimpressive, Apple confidently purchased a full-page advertisement in The Wall Street Journal with the headline "Welcome, IBM. Seriously".<a href="#cite_note-iw19811005-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-isaacson2013-80">[80]</a> The company prioritized the III for three years, spending what Wozniak estimated as $100 million on marketing and R&D while not improving the Apple II to compete with the PC, as doing so could hurt III sales.<a href="#cite_note-byte198501-77">[77]</a> Microsoft head <a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a> was at Apple headquarters the day of IBM's announcement and later said "They didn't seem to care. It took them a full year to realize what had happened".<a href="#cite_note-isaacson2013-80">[80]</a> The PC almost completely ended sales of the III, the company's most comparable product. The II still sold well,<a href="#cite_note-pollack19830327-81">[81]</a> with Apple being the leading computer manufacturer in the United States where 7 million units were sold between 1978 and 1982.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> But by 1983, the PC surpassed the Apple II as the best-selling personal computer.<a href="#cite_note-sanger19850805-87">[87]</a> IBM recruited the best Apple dealers while avoiding the discount <a href="/wiki/Grey_market#Electronics" title="Grey market">grey market</a> they disliked.<a href="#cite_note-pollack19830327-81">[81]</a> The head of a retail chain said "It appears that IBM had a better understanding of why the Apple II was successful than had Apple".<a href="#cite_note-mcmullen19840221-78">[78]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gene_Amdahl" title="Gene Amdahl">Gene Amdahl</a> predicted that Apple would be another of the many "brash young companies" that IBM had defeated.<a href="#cite_note-greenwald19830711-88">[88]</a> By 1984 the press called the two companies archrivals,<a href="#cite_note-bulman19841105-89">[89]</a> but IBM had $4 billion in annual PC revenue, more than twice that of Apple and as much as the sales of it and the next three companies combined.<a href="#cite_note-libes198509-90">[90]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Fortune_(magazine)" title="Fortune (magazine)">Fortune</a> survey found that 56% of American companies with personal computers used IBM PCs, compared to 16% for Apple.<a href="#cite_note-Kennedy_1985-91">[91]</a> Small businesses, schools, and some homes became the II's primary market.<a href="#cite_note-Mace1984-76">[76]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Xerox_PARC_and_the_Lisa">Xerox PARC and the Lisa</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Apple_Inc.&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Xerox PARC and the Lisa">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Apple_Lisa" title="Apple Lisa">Apple Lisa</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apple_Lisa-2-IMG_1730_modified.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Apple_Lisa-2-IMG_1730_modified.png/220px-Apple_Lisa-2-IMG_1730_modified.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Apple_Lisa-2-IMG_1730_modified.png/330px-Apple_Lisa-2-IMG_1730_modified.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Apple_Lisa-2-IMG_1730_modified.png/440px-Apple_Lisa-2-IMG_1730_modified.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="749" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Apple_Lisa" title="Apple Lisa">Apple Lisa</a></figcaption></figure> Apple Computer's business division was focused on the Apple III, another iteration of the text-based computer. Simultaneously the Lisa group worked on a new machine that would feature a completely different interface and introduce the words <a href="/wiki/Computer_mouse" title="Computer mouse">mouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Icon_(computing)" title="Icon (computing)">icon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Desktop_metaphor" title="Desktop metaphor">desktop</a> into the <a href="/wiki/Lexicon" title="Lexicon">lexicon</a> of the computing public. In return for the right to buy US$1,000,000 of pre-<a href="/wiki/Initial_public_offering" title="Initial public offering">IPO</a> stock, Xerox granted Apple Computer three days access to the PARC facilities. After visiting PARC, they came away with new ideas that would complete the foundation for Apple Computer's first <a href="/wiki/Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">GUI</a> computer, the <a href="/wiki/Apple_Lisa" title="Apple Lisa">Apple Lisa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> The first iteration of Apple's <a href="/wiki/WIMP_(computing)" title="WIMP (computing)">WIMP</a> interface was a floppy disk where files could be spatially moved around. After months of usability testing, Apple designed the Lisa interface of windows and icons. The Lisa was introduced in 1983 at a cost of US$9,995 (equivalent to $30,600 in 2023). Because of the high price, Lisa failed to penetrate the business market. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Macintosh_and_the_"1984"_commercial">Macintosh and the "1984" commercial</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Apple_Inc.&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Macintosh and the "1984" commercial">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Macintosh" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Macintosh">History of the Macintosh</a> and <a href="/wiki/1984_(advertisement)" title="1984 (advertisement)">1984 (advertisement)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Macintosh,_Google_NY_office_computer_museum_cropped.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Macintosh%2C_Google_NY_office_computer_museum_cropped.png/220px-Macintosh%2C_Google_NY_office_computer_museum_cropped.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Macintosh%2C_Google_NY_office_computer_museum_cropped.png/330px-Macintosh%2C_Google_NY_office_computer_museum_cropped.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Macintosh%2C_Google_NY_office_computer_museum_cropped.png/440px-Macintosh%2C_Google_NY_office_computer_museum_cropped.png 2x" data-file-width="865" data-file-height="615" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_128K" title="Macintosh 128K">Macintosh 128K</a></figcaption></figure> By 1984 computer dealers saw Apple as the only clear alternative to IBM's influence;<a href="#cite_note-sanger19841119-96">[96]</a> some even promoted its products to reduce dependence on the PC.<a href="#cite_note-pollack19830327-81">[81]</a> The company announced the <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_128K" title="Macintosh 128K">Macintosh 128K</a> to the press in October 1983, followed by an 18-page brochure included with magazines in December.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> Its debut was announced by a single national broadcast of a US$1.5 million television commercial, "<a href="/wiki/1984_(advertisement)" title="1984 (advertisement)">1984</a>" (equivalent to $4,400,000 in 2023). Directed by <a href="/wiki/Ridley_Scott" title="Ridley Scott">Ridley Scott</a> and aired during the third quarter of <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl_XVIII" title="Super Bowl XVIII">Super Bowl XVIII</a> on January 22, 1984,<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> it is considered a "watershed event"<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> and a "masterpiece."<a href="#cite_note-masterpiece-100">[100]</a> The commercial alludes to <a href="/wiki/George_Orwell" title="George Orwell">George Orwell</a>'s novel <a href="/wiki/Nineteen_Eighty-Four" title="Nineteen Eighty-Four">Nineteen Eighty-Four</a> which describes a <a href="/wiki/Dystopia" title="Dystopia">dystopian future</a> of enforced conformity. In the commercial a heroine represents the coming of the Macintosh to save humanity,<a href="#cite_note-cellini-101">[101]</a> and ends with the words: "On January 24th, Apple Computer will introduce Macintosh. And you'll see why 1984 won't be like 1984.”<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer2004110–113-102">[102]</a> On January 24, 1984, the Macintosh went on sale with a retail price of $2,495.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer200491-104">[104]</a> It came bundled with two applications designed to show off its interface: <a href="/wiki/MacWrite" title="MacWrite">MacWrite</a> and <a href="/wiki/MacPaint" title="MacPaint">MacPaint</a>. On the same day, an emotional Jobs introduced the computer to a wildly enthusiastic audience at Apple's annual shareholders meeting held in the Flint Auditorium;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2015167–170-105">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchlender201682–83-106">[106]</a> Macintosh engineer <a href="/wiki/Andy_Hertzfeld" title="Andy Hertzfeld">Andy Hertzfeld</a> described the scene as "pandemonium".<a href="#cite_note-The_Times_They_Are_A-Changin-107">[107]</a> Jobs had directed the development of the <a href="/wiki/Mac_(computer)" title="Mac (computer)">Macintosh</a> since 1981, when he took over the project from early Apple employee <a href="/wiki/Jef_Raskin" title="Jef Raskin">Jef Raskin</a>, who conceived the computer,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Grady20098–10-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2015109–112-109">[109]</a> and Wozniak, who led the initial design and development with Raskin but was on leave during this time due to an airplane crash earlier that year, making it easier for Jobs to take over the program.<a href="#cite_note-TheVerge-110">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-wozorg-111">[111]</a> The Macintosh was based on <a href="/wiki/Apple_Lisa" title="Apple Lisa">The Lisa</a> (and <a href="/wiki/PARC_user_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="PARC user interface">Xerox PARC's</a> <a href="/wiki/Computer_mouse" title="Computer mouse">mouse</a>-driven <a href="/wiki/Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">graphical user interface</a>),<a href="#cite_note-Wired-112">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jobsjourney-113">[113]</a> and it was widely acclaimed by the media with strong initial sales supporting it.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2015185–187-114">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchlender201684–88-115">[115]</a> However, the slow processing speed and limited software led to a rapid sales decline in the second half of 1984.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2015185–187-114">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchlender201684–88-115">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer200498-116">[116]</a> The Macintosh was too radical for some, who labeled it a mere "toy". Because the machine was entirely designed around the GUI, existing text-mode and <a href="/wiki/Command_line_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Command line interface">command-driven applications</a> had to be redesigned and the programming code rewritten; this was a challenging undertaking that many <a href="/wiki/Software_developer" class="mw-redirect" title="Software developer">software developers</a> shied away from, and resulted in an initial lack of software for the new system. In April 1984 <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Multiplan" title="Multiplan">Multiplan</a> migrated over from <a href="/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS">MS-DOS</a>, followed by <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Word" title="Microsoft Word">Microsoft Word</a> in January 1985.<a href="#cite_note-hotwyu-117">[117]</a> In 1985, <a href="/wiki/Lotus_Software" title="Lotus Software">Lotus Software</a> introduced <a href="/wiki/Lotus_Jazz" title="Lotus Jazz">Lotus Jazz</a> after the success of <a href="/wiki/Lotus_1-2-3" title="Lotus 1-2-3">Lotus 1-2-3</a> for the IBM PC, although it was largely a flop.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> Apple introduced <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Office" title="Macintosh Office">Macintosh Office</a> the same year with the <a href="/wiki/Lemmings_(television_commercial)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lemmings (television commercial)">lemmings ad</a>, infamous for insulting potential customers. It was not successful.<a href="#cite_note-Worst_Business-119">[119]</a> For a special post-election edition of <a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a> in November 1984, Apple spent more than US$2.5 million to buy all 39 of the advertising pages in the issue.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> Apple also ran a "Test Drive a Macintosh" promotion, in which potential buyers with a credit card could take home a Macintosh for 24 hours and return it to a dealer afterwards. While 200,000 people participated, dealers disliked the promotion, the supply of computers was insufficient for demand, and many were returned in such a bad shape that they could no longer be sold. This marketing campaign caused CEO <a href="/wiki/John_Sculley" title="John Sculley">John Sculley</a> to raise the price from US$1,995 (equivalent to $5,900 in 2023) to US$2,495 (equivalent to $7,300 in 2023).<a href="#cite_note-Worst_Business-119">[119]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jobs_and_Wozniak_leave_Apple">Jobs and Wozniak leave Apple</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Apple_Inc.&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Jobs and Wozniak leave Apple">edit</a>]</div> By early 1985, the Macintosh's failure to defeat the IBM PC<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2015185–187-114">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchlender201684–88-115">[115]</a> triggered a power struggle between Jobs and CEO <a href="/wiki/John_Sculley" title="John Sculley">John Sculley</a>, who had been hired two years earlier by Jobs<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer2004156-121">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2015153–154-122">[122]</a> using the famous line, "Do you want to sell sugar water for the rest of your life or come with me and change the world?"<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> Sculley and Jobs' visions for the company greatly differed. The former favored <a href="/wiki/Open_architecture" title="Open architecture">open architecture</a> computers like the Apple II, sold to education, small business, and home markets less vulnerable to IBM. Jobs wanted the company to focus on the <a href="/wiki/Closed_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Closed architecture">closed architecture</a> Macintosh as a business alternative to the IBM PC. President and CEO Sculley had little control over chairman of the Board Jobs' Macintosh division; it and the Apple II division operated like separate companies, duplicating services.<a href="#cite_note-robbeloth198510_11-124">[124]</a> Although its products provided 85% of Apple's sales in early 1985, the company's January 1985 <a href="/wiki/Annual_meeting" class="mw-redirect" title="Annual meeting">annual meeting</a> did not mention the Apple II division or employees. This frustrated Wozniak, who left active employment at Apple in the spring of that year to pursue other ventures, stating that the company had "been going in the wrong direction for the last five years" and sold most of his stock.<a href="#cite_note-rice19850415-125">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-wozemployee-126">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> Despite these grievances, Wozniak left the company amicably and as of January 2018 continues to represent Apple at events or in interviews,<a href="#cite_note-wozemployee-126">[126]</a> receiving a stipend over the years for this role estimated in 2006 to be $120,000 per year.<a href="#cite_note-iWoz-128">[128]</a> Wozniak also remained an Apple shareholder following his departure.<a href="#cite_note-wozstock-129">[129]</a> Wozniak's first venture after leaving Apple was founding <a href="/wiki/CL_9" title="CL 9">CL 9</a> in 1985 and creating the first programmable <a href="/wiki/Universal_remote" title="Universal remote">universal remote</a> control two years later, called the "CORE", stating that "I never felt like I was turning my back on my own company [Apple]." He told Apple's director of engineering <a href="/wiki/Wayne_Rosing" title="Wayne Rosing">Wayne Rosing</a> about his decision to step away from the company, but not his longtime business partner and friend Steve Jobs. Wozniak guessed that Jobs first heard the news from an article in <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a> where he mentioned that he wasn't leaving because he was disgruntled with Apple, but that he was excited to build a new remote control. The article nevertheless included some of Wozniak's criticisms of Apple, and Wozniak later said "it was an accident, but it's been picked up by every book and every bit of history [since]."<a href="#cite_note-iWoz-128">[128]</a>: 289  In April 1985, Sculley decided to remove Jobs as the general manager of the Macintosh division, and gained unanimous support from the Apple board of directors.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchlender201687–92-130">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer2004156-121">[121]</a> Rather than submit to Sculley's direction, Jobs attempted to oust him from his leadership role at Apple.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer2004156–157-131">[131]</a> Informed by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Gass%C3%A9e" title="Jean-Louis Gassée">Jean-Louis Gassée</a>, Sculley found out that Jobs had been attempting to organize a <a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat#Other" title="Coup d'état">coup</a> and called an emergency executive meeting at which Apple's executive staff sided with Sculley and stripped Jobs of all operational duties.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer2004156–157-131">[131]</a> Jobs, while taking the position of Chairman of the firm, had no influence over Apple's direction and resigned in September 1985, taking a number of Apple employees with him to found <a href="/wiki/NeXT" title="NeXT">NeXT Inc.</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> In a show of defiance at being set aside by Apple Computer, Jobs sold all but one of his 6.5 million shares in the company for $70 million. Jobs then acquired the <a href="/wiki/Visual_effects" title="Visual effects">visual effects</a> house, <a href="/wiki/Pixar" title="Pixar">Pixar</a> for $5M (equivalent to $13,900,000 in 2023). NeXT Inc. built computers with futuristic designs and the UNIX-derived <a href="/wiki/NEXTSTEP" class="mw-redirect" title="NEXTSTEP">NEXTSTEP</a> operating system. NeXTSTEP eventually developed into Mac OS X. While not a commercial success, due in part to its high price, the NeXT computer introduced important concepts to the history of the personal computer, including serving as the initial platform for <a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a> as he was developing the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a>.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> Sculley reorganized the company, unifying sales and marketing in one division and product operations and development in another.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-robbeloth198510_11-124">[124]</a> Despite initial marketing difficulties, the Macintosh brand was eventually a success for Apple, due to its introduction of <a href="/wiki/Desktop_publishing" title="Desktop publishing">desktop publishing</a> (and later <a href="/wiki/Computer_animation" title="Computer animation">computer animation</a>) through Apple's partnership with <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Adobe Systems">Adobe Systems</a>, which introduced the <a href="/wiki/Laser_printer" class="mw-redirect" title="Laser printer">laser printer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adobe_PageMaker" title="Adobe PageMaker">Adobe PageMaker</a>. The Macintosh became the default platform for many arts industries including cinema, music, advertising, and publishing. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1985–1997:_Sculley,_Spindler,_Amelio">1985–1997: Sculley, Spindler, Amelio</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Apple_Inc.&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 1985–1997: Sculley, Spindler, Amelio">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Corporate_performance">Corporate performance</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Apple_Inc.&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Corporate performance">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_mergers_and_acquisitions_by_Apple" title="List of mergers and acquisitions by Apple">List of mergers and acquisitions by Apple</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Macintosh_SE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Macintosh_SE.jpg/220px-Macintosh_SE.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Macintosh_SE.jpg/330px-Macintosh_SE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Macintosh_SE.jpg/440px-Macintosh_SE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_SE" title="Macintosh SE">Macintosh SE</a> (1987)</figcaption></figure> Under leadership of <a href="/wiki/John_Sculley" title="John Sculley">John Sculley</a>, Apple issued its first corporate stock dividend on May 11, 1987. A month later on June 16, Apple stock split for the first time in a 2:1 split. Between March 1988 and January 1989, Apple undertook five acquisitions, including software companies Network Innovations,<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> Styleware,<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> Nashoba Systems,<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> and Coral Software,<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> as well as satellite communications company Orion Network Systems.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> Apple continued to sell both lines of its computers, the Apple II and the Macintosh. A few months after introducing the Mac, Apple released a compact version of the Apple II called the <a href="/wiki/Apple_IIc" title="Apple IIc">Apple IIc</a>. And in 1986 Apple introduced the <a href="/wiki/Apple_IIGS" title="Apple IIGS">Apple IIGS</a>, an Apple II positioned as something of a hybrid product with a mouse-driven, Mac-like operating environment. Even with the release of the first Macintosh, Apple II computers remained the main source of income for Apple for years.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Mac_family">The Mac family</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Apple_Inc.&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: The Mac family">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Macintosh_models" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of Macintosh models">Timeline of Macintosh models</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Powerbook_100_pose.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Powerbook_100_pose.jpg/220px-Powerbook_100_pose.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Powerbook_100_pose.jpg/330px-Powerbook_100_pose.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Powerbook_100_pose.jpg/440px-Powerbook_100_pose.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1420" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_100" title="PowerBook 100">PowerBook 100</a> (1991)</figcaption></figure> At the same time, the Mac was becoming a product family of its own. The original model evolved into the <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Plus" title="Macintosh Plus">Mac Plus</a> in 1986 and spawned the <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_SE" title="Macintosh SE">Mac SE</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_II" title="Macintosh II">Mac II</a> in 1987 and the <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Classic" title="Macintosh Classic">Mac Classic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_LC" title="Macintosh LC">Mac LC</a> in 1990. Meanwhile, Apple attempted its first portable Macs: the failed <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Portable" title="Macintosh Portable">Macintosh Portable</a> in 1989 and then the more popular <a href="/wiki/PowerBook" title="PowerBook">PowerBook</a> in 1991, a landmark product that established the modern form and <a href="/wiki/Ergonomics" title="Ergonomics">ergonomic</a> layout of the laptop. Popular products and increasing revenues made this a good time for Apple. <a href="/wiki/MacAddict" class="mw-redirect" title="MacAddict">MacAddict</a> magazine has called 1989 to 1991 the "first golden age" of the Macintosh. On February 19, 1987, Apple registered the "<a href="/wiki/Apple.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple.com">Apple.com</a>" domain name, making it one of the first hundred companies to register a <a href="/wiki/.com" title=".com">.com</a> address on the nascent Internet.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early-mid-1990s">Early-mid-1990s</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Apple_Inc.&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Early-mid-1990s">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apple_Newton_MessagePad_100_with_stylus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Apple_Newton_MessagePad_100_with_stylus.jpg/220px-Apple_Newton_MessagePad_100_with_stylus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Apple_Newton_MessagePad_100_with_stylus.jpg/330px-Apple_Newton_MessagePad_100_with_stylus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Apple_Newton_MessagePad_100_with_stylus.jpg/440px-Apple_Newton_MessagePad_100_with_stylus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5515" data-file-height="4023" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/MessagePad" title="MessagePad">Apple Newton MessagePad</a> (1993)</figcaption></figure> In the late 1980s, Apple's fiercest technological rivals were the <a href="/wiki/Amiga" title="Amiga">Amiga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Atari_ST" title="Atari ST">Atari ST</a> platforms. But computers based on the <a href="/wiki/IBM_PC" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM PC">IBM PC</a> were far more popular than all three, and by the 1990s, they finally had a comparable <a href="/wiki/GUI" class="mw-redirect" title="GUI">GUI</a> thanks to <a href="/wiki/Windows_3.0" title="Windows 3.0">Windows 3.0</a>, and were out-competing Apple. Apple's response to the PC threat was a profusion of new Macintosh lines including <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra" title="Macintosh Quadra">Quadra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Centris" title="Macintosh Centris">Centris</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Performa" title="Macintosh Performa">Performa</a>. These new lines were marketed poorly by what was now "arguably one of the worst-managed companies in the industry".<a href="#cite_note-alsop19960205-142">[142]</a> There were too many models, differentiated by very minor graduations in <a href="/wiki/Technical_specifications" class="mw-redirect" title="Technical specifications">technical specifications</a>. The profusion of arbitrary model numbers confused consumers and hurt Apple's reputation for simplicity. Resellers like <a href="/wiki/Sears,_Roebuck_and_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Sears, Roebuck and Company">Sears</a> and <a href="/wiki/CompUSA" title="CompUSA">CompUSA</a> often failed to sell or even competently display these Macs. Inventory grew as Apple consistently underestimated demand for popular models and overestimated demand for others.<a href="#cite_note-alsop19960205-142">[142]</a> In 1991, Apple partnered with long-time competitor <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> and <a href="/wiki/Motorola" title="Motorola">Motorola</a> to form the <a href="/wiki/AIM_alliance" title="AIM alliance">AIM alliance</a>, with the ultimate goal to create a revolutionary new computing platform, known as <a href="/wiki/PReP" class="mw-redirect" title="PReP">PReP</a>, using IBM and Motorola hardware and Apple software. As the first step, Apple started the <a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh" title="Power Macintosh">Power Macintosh</a> line in 1994, using <a href="/wiki/PowerPC" title="PowerPC">PowerPC</a> processors from Motorola and IBM. The <a href="/wiki/RISC" class="mw-redirect" title="RISC">RISC</a> architecture of these processors differed substantially from the Motorola <a href="/wiki/68000" class="mw-redirect" title="68000">680X0</a> series used by previous Macs. Parts of Apple's operating system were rewritten to allow some older Mac software to run in <a href="/wiki/Emulator" title="Emulator">emulation</a> on the PowerPC series.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Apple refused IBM's offer to purchase the company, but later unsuccessfully sought another offer from IBM,<a href="#cite_note-markoff19970901-143">[143]</a> and at one point was "hours away" from an acquisition by <a href="/wiki/Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a>.<a href="#cite_note-alsop19960205-142">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-preimesberger20110225-144">[144]</a> In 1993, Apple released the <a href="/wiki/Newton_(platform)" class="mw-redirect" title="Newton (platform)">Newton</a>, a failed early <a href="/wiki/Personal_digital_assistant" title="Personal digital assistant">personal digital assistant</a> (PDA). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Need_for_a_new_OS">Need for a new OS</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Apple_Inc.&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Need for a new OS">edit</a>]</div> In 1994 Apple launched <a href="/wiki/EWorld" title="EWorld">eWorld</a>, an online service providing email, news and a bulletin board system to replace <a href="/wiki/AppleLink" title="AppleLink">AppleLink</a>. It was shut down in 1996.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> In 1995, to achieve deeper market penetration and extra revenue, Apple officially began licensing the Mac OS and Macintosh ROMs to 3rd party manufacturers. The "<a href="/wiki/Clonintosh" class="mw-redirect" title="Clonintosh">Clonintoshes</a>" competed with Apple's own Mac's and reduced Apple's sales.<a href="#cite_note-lemjosh-146">[146]</a> Apple had market share of over 10% until Jobs was re-hired in 1997 as interim CEO to replace Gil Amelio, and found a loophole to terminate the Macintosh OS licensing program. Macintosh's market share fell to around 3%.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> During the 90's, "project Pink" had Apple and IBM collaborating to develop a new operating system, named <a href="/wiki/Taligent" title="Taligent">Taligent</a> to replace <a href="/wiki/System_7" title="System 7">System 7</a>. Infighting resulted in Apple leaving the project and IBM finishing it. Apple started project <a href="/wiki/Copland_(operating_system)" title="Copland (operating system)">Copland</a>, another effort to replace System 7, but it was affected by <a href="/wiki/Feature_creep" title="Feature creep">Feature creep</a> then <a href="/wiki/Development_hell" title="Development hell">Development hell</a> due to software planned for Taligent being reworked for Copland. Ultimately Copland was scrapped.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> With the Copland project in disarray, Apple decided it needed to acquire another company's operating system. Candidates considered were <a href="/wiki/Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Solaris_(operating_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="Solaris (operating system)">Solaris</a> and <a href="/wiki/Windows_NT" title="Windows NT">Windows NT</a>. Hancock was in favor of Solaris, while Amelio preferred Windows. Amelio called <a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a>, and Gates promised Microsoft engineers would port <a href="/wiki/QuickDraw" title="QuickDraw">QuickDraw</a> to NT.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Acquisition_of_NeXT">Acquisition of NeXT</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Apple_Inc.&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Acquisition of NeXT">edit</a>]</div> In 1996, the struggling <a href="/wiki/NeXT" title="NeXT">NeXT</a> company beat Be Inc.'s <a href="/wiki/BeOS" title="BeOS">BeOS</a> bid to sell its operating system to Apple.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> On December 20, 1996, Apple announced it would purchase NeXT, and its NeXTstep operating system, for $429 million and 1.5 million shares of Apple stock.<a href="#cite_note-apple-acquisition-151">[151]</a> This brought Jobs back to Apple's management for the first time since 1985, and NeXT technology became the foundation of the <a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac OS X">Mac OS X</a> operating system. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1997–2001:_Apple's_comeback">1997–2001: Apple's comeback</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Apple_Inc.&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: 1997–2001: Apple's comeback">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Return_of_Steve_Jobs">Return of Steve Jobs</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Apple_Inc.&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Return of Steve Jobs">edit</a>]</div> On July 9, 1997, <a href="/wiki/Gil_Amelio" title="Gil Amelio">Gil Amelio</a> was ousted as CEO of Apple by the board of directors. <a href="/wiki/Fred_D._Anderson" title="Fred D. Anderson">Fred D. Anderson</a> was the head of the directors in short term and obtained short-term working capital from the banks in July 1997.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> In August 1997, Jobs stepped in as the interim CEO to begin a critical restructuring of the company's product line.<a href="#cite_note-interim_CEO-5">[5]</a> He eventually became CEO and served in that position from January 2000 to August 2011.<a href="#cite_note-norr-6">[6]</a> On August 24, 2011, Jobs resigned his position as chief executive officer of Apple before his long battle with pancreatic cancer took his life on October 5, 2011.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> On November 10, Apple introduced the <a href="/wiki/Apple_Store_(online)" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Store (online)">Apple Store</a>, an online retail store based upon the <a href="/wiki/WebObjects" title="WebObjects">WebObjects</a> application server the company had acquired in its purchase of <a href="/wiki/NeXT" title="NeXT">NeXT</a>. The new direct sales outlet was tied to a new build-to-order manufacturing strategy.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Microsoft_deal">Microsoft deal</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Apple_Inc.&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Microsoft deal">edit</a>]</div> At the 1997 <a href="/wiki/Macworld_Expo" class="mw-redirect" title="Macworld Expo">Macworld Expo</a>, Jobs announced that Apple would begin a partnership with <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>, with terms including a five-year commitment from Microsoft to release <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office" title="Microsoft Office">Microsoft Office</a> for Macintosh, and a US$150 million investment in Apple. The long-standing dispute over whether Windows infringed Apple patents was settled,<a href="#cite_note-Microsoft_investment-157">[157]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_for_Mac" title="Internet Explorer for Mac">Internet Explorer</a> would ship as the Macintosh's default browser, with the user able to have a preference. Microsoft chairman <a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a> appeared on-screen explaining plans for developing Mac software, and expressing excitement to be helping Apple return to success. Jobs addressed the audience: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">If we want to move forward and see Apple healthy and prospering again, we have to let go of a few things here. We have to let go of this notion that for Apple to win, Microsoft has to lose. We have to embrace a notion that for Apple to win, Apple has to do a really good job. And if others are going to help us that's great, because we need all the help we can get, and if we screw up and we don't do a good job, it's not somebody else's fault, it's our fault. So I think that is a very important perspective. If we want Microsoft Office on the Mac, we better treat the company that puts it out with a little bit of gratitude; we'd like their software. So, the era of setting this up as a competition between Apple and Microsoft is over as far as I'm concerned. This is about getting Apple healthy, this is about Apple being able to make incredibly great contributions to the industry and to get healthy and prosper again.<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a></blockquote> The day before the announcement Apple had a market cap of $2.46 billion,<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> and had ended its previous quarter with quarterly revenues of US$1.7 billion and cash reserves of US$1.2 billion,<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> making the US$150 million amount of the investment largely symbolic. Apple CFO Fred Anderson stated that Apple would use the additional funds to invest in its core markets of education and creative content.<a href="#cite_note-Microsoft_investment-157">[157]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="iMac,_iBook,_and_Power_Mac_G4">iMac, iBook, and Power Mac G4</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Apple_Inc.&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: iMac, iBook, and Power Mac G4">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IMac_Bondi_Blue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/IMac_Bondi_Blue.jpg/220px-IMac_Bondi_Blue.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/IMac_Bondi_Blue.jpg/330px-IMac_Bondi_Blue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/IMac_Bondi_Blue.jpg/440px-IMac_Bondi_Blue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="822" data-file-height="905" /></a><figcaption>The original <a href="/wiki/IMac" title="IMac">iMac</a> (iMac G3) released in 1998</figcaption></figure> While discontinuing Apple's licensing of its operating system to third-party computer manufacturers, one of Jobs's first moves as new acting CEO was to develop the <a href="/wiki/IMac" title="IMac">iMac</a>, which bought Apple time to restructure. The original iMac integrated a CRT display and CPU into a streamlined, translucent plastic body. The line became a sales smash, moving about one million units each year. It helped re-introduce Apple to the media and public and announced the company's new emphasis on the design and aesthetics of its products. In 1999, Apple introduced the <a href="/wiki/Power_Mac_G4" title="Power Mac G4">Power Mac G4</a>, which utilized the Motorola-made PowerPC 7400 containing a 128-bit instruction unit known as <a href="/wiki/AltiVec" title="AltiVec">AltiVec</a>, its flagship processor line. Apple unveiled the <a href="/wiki/IBook" title="IBook">iBook</a> that year, its first consumer-oriented laptop, the first Macintosh to support the use of <a href="/wiki/Wireless_LAN" title="Wireless LAN">Wireless LAN</a> via the optional AirPort card. Based on the 802.11b standard, it helped popularize Wireless LAN technology to connect computers to networks. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mac_OS_X">Mac OS X</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Apple_Inc.&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Mac OS X">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac OS X">Mac OS X</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apple_Headquarters_in_Cupertino.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Apple_Headquarters_in_Cupertino.jpg/220px-Apple_Headquarters_in_Cupertino.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Apple_Headquarters_in_Cupertino.jpg/330px-Apple_Headquarters_in_Cupertino.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Apple_Headquarters_in_Cupertino.jpg/440px-Apple_Headquarters_in_Cupertino.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2885" data-file-height="2008" /></a><figcaption>Company headquarters on Infinite Loop in <a href="/wiki/Cupertino,_California" title="Cupertino, California">Cupertino, California</a></figcaption></figure> In 2001, Apple introduced <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">Mac OS X</a>, an operating system based on <a href="/wiki/NeXT" title="NeXT">NeXT</a>'s <a href="/wiki/NeXTSTEP" title="NeXTSTEP">NeXTSTEP</a> and incorporating parts of the <a href="/wiki/FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a> kernel.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> Aimed at consumers and professionals alike, Mac OS X married the stability, reliability and security of <a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a> with the ease of a completely overhauled user interface. To help users transition, the new operating system allowed the use of Mac OS 9 applications through the <a href="/wiki/Classic_(Mac_OS_X)" class="mw-redirect" title="Classic (Mac OS X)">Classic</a> environment. Apple's <a href="/wiki/Carbon_(API)" title="Carbon (API)">Carbon</a> API allowed developers to adapt Mac OS 9 software to use Mac OS X's features. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Retail_stores">Retail stores</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Apple_Inc.&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Retail stores">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Apple_Store" title="Apple Store">Apple Store</a></div> In May 2001, after much speculation, Apple announced the opening of a line of Apple retail stores, to be located throughout the major U.S. computer buying markets. The stores were designed for two primary purposes: to stem the tide of Apple's declining share of the computer market and to respond to poor marketing of Apple products at third-party retail outlets. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2001–2007:_iPods,_iTunes_Store,_Intel_transition">2001–2007: iPods, iTunes Store, Intel transition</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Apple_Inc.&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: 2001–2007: iPods, iTunes Store, Intel transition">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="iPod">iPod</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Apple_Inc.&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: iPod">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/IPod" title="IPod">iPod</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IPod_1G.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/IPod_1G.jpg" decoding="async" width="187" height="296" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="187" data-file-height="296" /></a><figcaption>A 1st-generation <a href="/wiki/IPod" title="IPod">iPod</a> (2001)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IPod_mini.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/IPod_mini.png/220px-IPod_mini.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="370" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/IPod_mini.png/330px-IPod_mini.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/IPod_mini.png 2x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="599" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/IPod_Mini" title="IPod Mini">iPod Mini</a> with the UI (user interface) set to German</figcaption></figure> In October 2001, Apple introduced its first <a href="/wiki/IPod" title="IPod">iPod</a> portable digital audio player. Then iPod started as a 5 gigabyte player capable of storing around 1000 songs. It then evolved into an array of products including the <a href="/wiki/IPod_Mini" title="IPod Mini">Mini</a> (discontinued), the <a href="/wiki/IPod_Touch" title="IPod Touch">iPod Touch</a> (discontinued), the <a href="/wiki/IPod_Shuffle" title="IPod Shuffle">Shuffle</a> (discontinued), the <a href="/wiki/IPod_Classic" title="IPod Classic">iPod Classic</a> (discontinued), the <a href="/wiki/IPod_Nano" title="IPod Nano">Nano</a> (discontinued), the <a href="/wiki/IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhone</a> and the <a href="/wiki/IPad" title="IPad">iPad</a>. Since March 2011, the largest storage capacity for an iPod has been 160 gigabytes.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> Speaking to software developers on June 6, 2005, Jobs said the company's share of the entire portable music device market stood at 76%.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> The iPod gave an enormous lift to Apple's financial results.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> In the quarter ending March 26, 2005, Apple earned US$290 million, or 34¢ a share, on sales of US$3.24 billion. The year before in the same quarter, Apple earned just US$46 million, or 6¢ a share, on revenue of US$1.91 billion. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Moving_on_from_colored_plastics_and_the_PowerPC_G3">Moving on from colored plastics and the PowerPC G3</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Apple_Inc.&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Moving on from colored plastics and the PowerPC G3">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IMac_G4_sunflower7.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/IMac_G4_sunflower7.png/220px-IMac_G4_sunflower7.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/IMac_G4_sunflower7.png/330px-IMac_G4_sunflower7.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/IMac_G4_sunflower7.png/440px-IMac_G4_sunflower7.png 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="969" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/IMac_G4" title="IMac G4">iMac G4</a> (2002)</figcaption></figure> In early 2002, Apple unveiled a completely redesigned iMac, using the G4 processor and LCD display. The new <a href="/wiki/IMac_G4" title="IMac G4">iMac G4</a> design had a white hemispherical base and a flat panel all-digital display supported by a swiveling chrome neck. After several iterations increasing the processing speed and screen sizes from 15" to 17" to 20" the iMac G4 was discontinued and replaced by the <a href="/wiki/IMac_G5" title="IMac G5">iMac G5</a> in the summer of 2004. Later in 2002, Apple released the <a href="/wiki/Xserve" title="Xserve">Xserve</a> <a href="/wiki/Rack_unit" title="Rack unit">1U</a> <a href="/wiki/Rack_mount" class="mw-redirect" title="Rack mount">rack mounted</a> server. Originally featuring two G4 chips, the Xserve was unusual for Apple in two ways. It represented an earnest effort to enter the enterprise computer market, and it was cheaper than competitors' similar machines. This was largely due to Fast ATA drives as opposed to the SCSI hard drives used in traditional rack-mounted servers. Apple later released the <a href="/wiki/Xserve_RAID" title="Xserve RAID">Xserve RAID</a>, a 14 drive <a href="/wiki/RAID" title="RAID">RAID</a> that was again cheaper than competing systems. In mid-2003, Jobs launched the <a href="/wiki/Power_Mac_G5" title="Power Mac G5">Power Mac G5</a>, based on <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>'s <a href="/wiki/PowerPC_970" title="PowerPC 970">G5 processor</a>. Its all-metal <a href="/wiki/Anodized_aluminum" class="mw-redirect" title="Anodized aluminum">anodized aluminum</a> chassis finished Apple's transition away from colored plastics in their computers. Apple claims this was the first 64-bit computer sold to the general public. The Power Mac G5 was used by Virginia Tech to build its prototype <a href="/wiki/System_X_(supercomputer)" title="System X (supercomputer)">System X</a> supercomputing cluster, which at the time was considered the third-fastest supercomputer in the world. It cost only US$5.2 million to build, far less than the previous No. 3 and other ranking supercomputers. Apple's Xserves were updated to use the G5 as well. They replaced the Power Mac G5 machines as the main building block of <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Tech" title="Virginia Tech">Virginia Tech</a>'s <a href="/wiki/System_X_(supercomputer)" title="System X (supercomputer)">System X</a>, which was ranked in November 2004 as the world's seventh-fastest <a href="/wiki/Supercomputer" title="Supercomputer">supercomputer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IMac_G5_-_Frontal_view.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/IMac_G5_-_Frontal_view.png/220px-IMac_G5_-_Frontal_view.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/IMac_G5_-_Frontal_view.png/330px-IMac_G5_-_Frontal_view.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/IMac_G5_-_Frontal_view.png/440px-IMac_G5_-_Frontal_view.png 2x" data-file-width="2430" data-file-height="2389" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/IMac_G5" title="IMac G5">iMac G5</a> (2004)</figcaption></figure> A new iMac based on the G5 processor was unveiled August 31, 2004, and was made available in mid-September. This model dispensed with the base altogether, placing the CPU and the rest of the computing hardware behind the flat-panel screen, which is suspended from a streamlined aluminum foot. This new iMac, dubbed the <a href="/wiki/IMac_G5" title="IMac G5">iMac G5</a>, was the "world's thinnest desktop computer",<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> measuring in at around two inches (around 5 centimeters).<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> In 2004, after creating a sizable financial base to work with, the company began experimenting with new parts from new suppliers. Apple could produce new designs quickly, and released the iPod Video, then the iPod Classic, and eventually the iPod touch and iPhone. On April 29, 2005, Apple released <a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_v10.4" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac OS X v10.4">Mac OS X v10.4</a> "Tiger". Apple's successful <a href="/wiki/PowerBook" title="PowerBook">PowerBook</a> and <a href="/wiki/IBook" title="IBook">iBook</a> relied on previous generation G4 architecture produced by <a href="/wiki/Freescale_Semiconductor" title="Freescale Semiconductor">Freescale Semiconductor</a>, a spin-off from Motorola. IBM engineers had some success in making their PowerPC G5 processor consume less power and run cooler, but not enough to run in iBook or PowerBook formats. In October 2005, Apple released the Power Mac G5 Dual featuring a Dual-Core processor – two cores in one rather than two separate processors. The Power Mac G5 Quad uses two Dual-Core processors. The Power Mac G5 Dual cores run individually at 2.0 GHz or 2.3 GHz. The Power Mac G5 Quad cores run individually at 2.5 GHz, and all variations have a graphics processor with 256-bit memory bandwidth.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Retail_store_expansion">Retail store expansion</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Apple_Inc.&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Retail store expansion">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apple_Store_Ginza_(2006.05).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Apple_Store_Ginza_%282006.05%29.jpg/220px-Apple_Store_Ginza_%282006.05%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Apple_Store_Ginza_%282006.05%29.jpg/330px-Apple_Store_Ginza_%282006.05%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Apple_Store_Ginza_%282006.05%29.jpg/440px-Apple_Store_Ginza_%282006.05%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Apple Store in Ginza district, <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a></figcaption></figure> Initially, <a href="/wiki/Apple_Store" title="Apple Store">Apple Stores</a> were only in the United States, but in late 2003, Apple opened its first Apple Store abroad, in Tokyo's <a href="/wiki/Ginza" title="Ginza">Ginza</a> district. It was followed by a store in <a href="/wiki/Osaka,_Osaka" class="mw-redirect" title="Osaka, Osaka">Osaka</a>, Japan in August 2004. In 2005, Apple opened stores in <a href="/wiki/Nagoya,_Aichi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagoya, Aichi">Nagoya</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Shibuya,_Tokyo" class="mw-redirect" title="Shibuya, Tokyo">Shibuya</a> district of Tokyo, <a href="/wiki/Fukuoka,_Fukuoka" class="mw-redirect" title="Fukuoka, Fukuoka">Fukuoka</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sendai,_Miyagi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sendai, Miyagi">Sendai</a>. A store opened in <a href="/wiki/Sapporo,_Hokkaid%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Sapporo, Hokkaidō">Sapporo</a> in 2006. Apple's first European store opened in London, on <a href="/wiki/Regent_Street" title="Regent Street">Regent Street</a>, in November 2004. A store in the <a href="/wiki/Bull_Ring,_Birmingham" title="Bull Ring, Birmingham">Bullring</a> shopping centre in <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a> opened in April 2005, and the <a href="/wiki/Bluewater_Shopping_Centre" title="Bluewater Shopping Centre">Bluewater shopping centre</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dartford" title="Dartford">Dartford</a>, Kent opened in July 2005. Apple opened its first store in Canada in the middle of 2005 at the <a href="/wiki/Yorkdale_Shopping_Centre" title="Yorkdale Shopping Centre">Yorkdale Shopping Centre</a> in <a href="/wiki/North_York" title="North York">North York</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>. Later in 2005 Apple opened the <a href="/wiki/Meadowhall_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Meadowhall Centre">Meadowhall</a> Store in <a href="/wiki/Sheffield" title="Sheffield">Sheffield</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Trafford_Centre" title="Trafford Centre">Trafford Centre</a> Store in <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a>, UK. Later additions in the London area include <a href="/wiki/Brent_Cross" title="Brent Cross">Brent Cross</a> (January 2006), <a href="/wiki/Westfield_London" title="Westfield London">Westfield</a> in Shepherd's Bush (September 2008), and <a href="/wiki/Covent_Garden" title="Covent Garden">Covent Garden</a> (August 2010), which at 40,000 square feet (3,700 m2) was, as of 2015, the largest Apple Store in the world.<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> Apple opened several "mini" stores in October 2004 to capture markets where demand does not necessarily dictate a full-scale store. The first of these stores was opened at <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Shopping_Center" title="Stanford Shopping Center">Stanford Shopping Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Palo_Alto,_California" title="Palo Alto, California">Palo Alto, California</a>. These stores are only one half the square footage of the smallest normal store. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Apple_and_"i"_Web_services">Apple and "i" Web services</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Apple_Inc.&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Apple and "i" Web services">edit</a>]</div> In 2000, Apple introduced iTools, a set of free web-based tools that included an email account, internet greeting cards called iCards, a Web site review service called <a href="/wiki/IReview" title="IReview">iReview</a>, and "KidSafe", to prevent children browsing inappropriate websites. The latter two services were canceled because of lack of success. iCards and email were integrated into Apple's <a href="/wiki/.Mac" class="mw-redirect" title=".Mac">.Mac</a> subscription-based service introduced in 2002 and discontinued in mid-2008 to make way for MobileMe, coinciding with the iPhone 3G release. MobileMe, at the same US$99.00 annual subscription as its dotMac predecessor, featured "push" services to instantly and automatically send emails, contacts and calendar updates directly to users' iPhones. Controversy around the release of MobileMe resulted in downtime and a significantly longer release window. Apple extended existing MobileMe subscriptions by 30 days free-of-charge.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> At the WWDC event in June 2011, Apple announced <a href="/wiki/ICloud" title="ICloud">iCloud</a>, keeping most MobileMe services but dropping iDisk, Gallery, and iWeb. It added Find my Mac, iTunes Match, Photo Stream, Documents & Data Backup, and iCloud backup for iOS devices. The service requires iOS 5 and OS X 10.7 Lion. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="iTunes_Store">iTunes Store</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Apple_Inc.&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: iTunes Store">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/ITunes_Store" title="ITunes Store">iTunes Store</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/ITunes_Store" title="ITunes Store">iTunes Music Store</a> was launched in April 2003, with 2 million downloads in the first 16 days. Music was purchased through the <a href="/wiki/ITunes" title="ITunes">iTunes</a> application, which was initially Macintosh-only; in October 2003, support for <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a> was added. Initially, the music store was only available in the United States due to licensing restrictions. In June 2004 Apple opened its iTunes Music Store in the United Kingdom, France, and Germany. A version for the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> version opened October 2004, but it was not initially available in the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a> due to the intransigence of the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Recorded_Music_Association" title="Irish Recorded Music Association">Irish Recorded Music Association</a> (IRMA) but was opened there a few months later on Thursday, January 6, 2005. A version for Canada opened in December 2004. On May 10, 2005, the iTunes Music Store was expanded to <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, Norway, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>. On December 16, 2004, Apple sold its 200 millionth song on the iTunes Music Store to Ryan Alekman from <a href="/wiki/Belchertown,_Massachusetts" title="Belchertown, Massachusetts">Belchertown, Massachusetts</a>. The download was <a href="/wiki/The_Complete_U2" title="The Complete U2">The Complete U2</a>, by <a href="/wiki/U2" title="U2">U2</a>.<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> Just under three months later Apple sold its 300 millionth song on March 2, 2005.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> On July 17, 2005, the iTunes Music Store sold its 500 millionth song.<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> At that point, songs were selling at an accelerating annualized rate of more than 500 million. On October 25, 2005, the iTunes Store went live in Australia, with songs selling for <a href="/wiki/Australian_dollar" title="Australian dollar">A$</a>1.69 each, albums at (generally) A$16.99 and music videos and Pixar short films at A$3.39. Before the loophole was closed, people in <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> were briefly able to buy music from the Australian store On February 23, 2006, the iTunes Music Store sold its 1 billionth song.<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> The iTunes Music Store changed its name to iTunes Store on September 12, 2006, when it began offering video content (TV shows and movies) for sale. Since iTunes' inception, it has sold over 2 billion songs, 1.2 billion of which were sold in 2006. Since downloadable TV and movie content was added 50 million TV episodes and 1.3 million movies have been downloaded. In early 2010, Apple celebrated the 10 billionth song downloaded from the iTunes Music Store.<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Intel_transition">Intel transition</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Apple_Inc.&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Intel transition">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mac_transition_to_Intel_processors" title="Mac transition to Intel processors">Mac transition to Intel processors</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MacBook_Pro.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/MacBook_Pro.png/220px-MacBook_Pro.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/MacBook_Pro.png/330px-MacBook_Pro.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/MacBook_Pro.png/440px-MacBook_Pro.png 2x" data-file-width="1623" data-file-height="1305" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/MacBook_Pro" title="MacBook Pro">MacBook Pro</a> Intel-based (2006)</figcaption></figure> In a keynote address on June 6, 2005, Jobs announced that Apple would produce Intel-based Macintosh computers beginning in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> Jobs confirmed rumors that the company had been secretly producing versions of <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">Mac OS X</a> for both PowerPC and Intel processors over the past 5 years, and that the transition to Intel processor systems would last until the end of 2007. Rumors of cross-platform compatibility had been spurred by the fact that Mac OS X is based on <a href="/wiki/OPENSTEP" class="mw-redirect" title="OPENSTEP">OPENSTEP</a>, an operating system that was available for many platforms. Apple's own <a href="/wiki/Darwin_(operating_system)" title="Darwin (operating system)">Darwin</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">open source</a> underpinnings of Mac OS X, was also available for Intel's x86 architecture.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> On January 10, 2006, the Intel-based <a href="/wiki/IMac" title="IMac">iMac</a> and <a href="/wiki/MacBook_Pro" title="MacBook Pro">MacBook Pro</a> were introduced,<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> based on the <a href="/wiki/Intel_Core" title="Intel Core">Intel Core</a> Duo platform. They came alongside news that Apple would complete the transition to Intel processors on all hardware by the end of 2006, a year ahead of the originally quoted schedule. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2007–2011:_Apple_Inc.,_iPhone,_iOS,_iPad">2007–2011: Apple Inc., iPhone, iOS, iPad</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Apple_Inc.&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: 2007–2011: Apple Inc., iPhone, iOS, iPad">edit</a>]</div> On January 9, 2007, Apple Computer, Inc. shortened its name to simply Apple Inc. In his <a href="/wiki/Macworld_Expo" class="mw-redirect" title="Macworld Expo">Macworld Expo</a> keynote address, Jobs explained that with their current product mix consisting of the iPod and Apple TV as well as their Macintosh brand, Apple really wasn't just a computer company anymore. At the same address, Jobs revealed a product that would revolutionize an industry in which Apple had never previously competed: the Apple <a href="/wiki/IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhone</a>. The iPhone combined Apple's first widescreen iPod with the world's first mobile device boasting visual voicemail, and an internet communicator able to run a fully-functional version of Apple's web browser, <a href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari</a>, on the then-named <a href="/wiki/IOS_version_history#Releases" title="IOS version history">iPhone OS</a> (later renamed <a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a>). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="iOS_evolution:_iPhone_and_iPad">iOS evolution: iPhone and iPad</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Apple_Inc.&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: iOS evolution: iPhone and iPad">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a>, <a href="/wiki/IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhone</a>, and <a href="/wiki/IPad" title="IPad">iPad</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IPhone_First_Generation.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/IPhone_First_Generation.jpg/220px-IPhone_First_Generation.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/IPhone_First_Generation.jpg/330px-IPhone_First_Generation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/IPhone_First_Generation.jpg/440px-IPhone_First_Generation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="765" data-file-height="575" /></a><figcaption>The original <a href="/wiki/IPhone_(1st_generation)" title="IPhone (1st generation)">iPhone</a> (2007)</figcaption></figure> The first version of the iPhone became publicly available on June 29, 2007, in selected countries/markets. It was another 12 months before the <a href="/wiki/IPhone_3G" title="IPhone 3G">iPhone 3G</a> became available on July 11, 2008. Apple announced the <a href="/wiki/IPhone_3GS" title="IPhone 3GS">iPhone 3GS</a> on June 8, 2009, along with plans to release it later in June, July, and August, starting with the U.S., Canada, and major European countries on June 19. This 12-month iteration cycle has continued with the <a href="/wiki/IPhone_4" title="IPhone 4">iPhone 4</a> model arriving in similar fashion in 2010, a Verizon model was released in February 2011, and a Sprint model in October 2011, shortly after Jobs' death. On February 10, 2011, the iPhone 4 was made available on both Verizon Wireless and AT&T. Now two iPod types are multi-touch: the iPod nano and the iPod touch, a big advance in technology. Apple TV currently has a 2nd-generation model, which is 4 times smaller than the original Apple TV. Apple has also gone wireless, selling a wireless trackpad, keyboard, mouse, and external hard drive. Wired accessories are still available. The Apple <a href="/wiki/IPad" title="IPad">iPad</a> was announced on January 27, 2010, with retail availability commencing in April and systematically growing in markets throughout 2010. The iPad fits into Apple's iOS product line, being twice the screen size of an iPhone without the phone abilities. While there were initial fears of product cannibalization the FY2010 financial results released in Jan 2011 included commentary of a reverse 'halo' effect, where iPad sales were leading to increased sales of iMacs and MacBooks.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Resurgence_compared_to_Microsoft">Resurgence compared to Microsoft</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Apple_Inc.&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Resurgence compared to Microsoft">edit</a>]</div> Since 2005, Apple's revenues, profits, and stock price have grown significantly. On May 26, 2010, Apple's stock market value overtook Microsoft's,<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> and Apple's revenues surpassed those of Microsoft in the third quarter of 2010.<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> After giving their results for the first quarter of 2011, Microsoft's net profits of $5.2 billion were lower for the quarter than those of Apple, which earned $6 billion in net profit for the quarter.<a href="#cite_note-Apple_Microsoft_revenue-188">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> The late April announcement of profits by the companies marked the first time in 20 years that Microsoft's profits had been lower than Apple's,<a href="#cite_note-Apple_Microsoft_20_years-190">[190]</a> a situation described by <a href="/wiki/Ars_Technica" title="Ars Technica">Ars Technica</a> as "unimaginable a decade ago".<a href="#cite_note-Apple_Microsoft_revenue-188">[188]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> reported that one of the reasons for the change was because PC software, where Microsoft dominates, has become less important compared to the tablet and smartphone markets, where Apple has a strong presence.<a href="#cite_note-Apple_Microsoft_20_years-190">[190]</a> One reason for this was a surprise drop in PC sales in the quarter.<a href="#cite_note-Apple_Microsoft_20_years-190">[190]</a> Another issue for Microsoft was that its online search business had lost a lot of money, with a loss of $700 million in the first quarter of 2010.<a href="#cite_note-Apple_Microsoft_20_years-190">[190]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2011–2020:_Restructuring_and_Apple_Watch">2011–2020: Restructuring and Apple Watch</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Apple_Inc.&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: 2011–2020: Restructuring and Apple Watch">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Apple_car_project" title="Apple car project">Apple car project</a></div> On March 2, 2011, Apple unveiled the iPad's second-generation model, the <a href="/wiki/IPad_2" title="IPad 2">iPad 2</a>. Like the 4th-generation iPod Touch and iPhone, the iPad 2 comes with a front-facing camera as well as a rear-facing camera, along with three new apps that utilize these new features: Camera, <a href="/wiki/FaceTime" title="FaceTime">FaceTime</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Photo_Booth" title="Photo Booth">Photo Booth</a>. On August 24, Jobs resigned from his position as CEO,<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> with Tim Cook taking his place. On October 29, 2012, Apple announced structural changes to increase collaboration between hardware, software, and services.<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a> This involved the departure of <a href="/wiki/Scott_Forstall" title="Scott Forstall">Scott Forstall</a>, responsible for the launch of iOS (iPhone OS at the time of launch), who was replaced with <a href="/wiki/Craig_Federighi" title="Craig Federighi">Craig Federighi</a> as head of iOS and OS X teams. <a href="/wiki/Jony_Ive" title="Jony Ive">Jony Ive</a> became head of HI (Human Interface), whilst <a href="/wiki/Eddy_Cue" title="Eddy Cue">Eddy Cue</a> was announced as head of online services including Siri and Maps. The most notable short term difference of this restructuring was the launch of <a href="/wiki/IOS_7" title="IOS 7">iOS 7</a>, the first version of the operating system to use a drastically different design to its predecessors, headed by Jony Ive,<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> followed by <a href="/wiki/OS_X_Yosemite" title="OS X Yosemite">OS X Yosemite</a> a year later with a similar design. During this time, Apple released the <a href="/wiki/IPhone_5" title="IPhone 5">iPhone 5</a>, the first iPhone to have a screen larger than 3.5",<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> the <a href="/wiki/IPod_Touch_5" class="mw-redirect" title="IPod Touch 5">iPod Touch 5</a> with a 4" screen, the <a href="/wiki/IPhone_5S" class="mw-redirect" title="IPhone 5S">iPhone 5S</a> with fingerprint scanning technology in the form of <a href="/wiki/Touch_ID" title="Touch ID">Touch ID</a>, and <a href="/wiki/IPhone_6" title="IPhone 6">iPhone 6</a> and <a href="/wiki/IPhone_6_Plus" class="mw-redirect" title="IPhone 6 Plus">iPhone 6 Plus</a>, with screens at 4.7" and 5.5". They released the <a href="/wiki/IPad_(3rd_generation)" title="IPad (3rd generation)">3rd-generation iPad</a> with Retina Display, followed by the <a href="/wiki/IPad_(4th_generation)" title="IPad (4th generation)">4th-generation iPad</a> just half a year later. The <a href="/wiki/IPad_Mini" title="IPad Mini">iPad Mini</a> was announced alongside the iPad 4th gen, and was the first to feature a smaller screen than 9.7". This was followed by the <a href="/wiki/IPad_Mini_2" title="IPad Mini 2">iPad Mini 2</a> with Retina Display in 2013, alongside the <a href="/wiki/IPad_Air" class="mw-redirect" title="IPad Air">iPad Air</a>, a continuation of the original 9.7" range of iPads, which was subsequently followed by the <a href="/wiki/IPad_Air_2" title="IPad Air 2">iPad Air 2</a> with Touch ID in 2014. Apple released various major Mac updates, including the <a href="/wiki/MacBook_Pro_with_Retina_Display" class="mw-redirect" title="MacBook Pro with Retina Display">MacBook Pro with Retina Display</a>,<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> whilst discontinuing the original <a href="/wiki/MacBook" title="MacBook">MacBook</a> range for a short period, before reintroducing it in 2015 with various new features, a Retina Display and a new design that implemented <a href="/wiki/USB-C" title="USB-C">USB-C</a>, while removing all other ports.<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Mac_Pro" title="Mac Pro">Mac Pro</a> and <a href="/wiki/IMac" title="IMac">iMac</a> were updated with more power and a drastically smaller and thinner profile. On November 25, 2013, Apple acquired a company called PrimeSense.<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a> On May 28, 2014, Apple acquired <a href="/wiki/Beats_Electronics" title="Beats Electronics">Beats Electronics</a>, producers of the popular <a href="/wiki/Beats_by_Dre" class="mw-redirect" title="Beats by Dre">Beats by Dre</a> headphone and speaker range, as well as streaming service <a href="/wiki/Beats_Music" title="Beats Music">Beats Music</a>. On September 9, 2014, Apple announced the <a href="/wiki/Apple_Watch" title="Apple Watch">Apple Watch</a>, the first new product range since the departure of Jobs.<a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a> The product cannot function beyond basic features without being within Bluetooth or WiFi range to an iPhone and contains basic applications (many acting as a remote for other devices, such as a music remote, or a control for an Apple TV) and fitness tracking. The Apple Watch received mixed reviews, with critics suggesting that whilst the device showed promise, it lacked a clear purpose, similar to many of the devices already on the market.<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a> The Apple Watch was released on April 24, 2015.<a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apple_Watch_Demo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Apple_Watch_Demo.jpg/220px-Apple_Watch_Demo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Apple_Watch_Demo.jpg/330px-Apple_Watch_Demo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Apple_Watch_Demo.jpg/440px-Apple_Watch_Demo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Apple_Watch" title="Apple Watch">Apple Watch</a> first generation (2015)</figcaption></figure> On September 9, 2015, Apple announced the <a href="/wiki/IPhone_6S" class="mw-redirect" title="IPhone 6S">iPhone 6S</a> and <a href="/wiki/IPhone_6S_Plus" class="mw-redirect" title="IPhone 6S Plus">iPhone 6S Plus</a> with 3D Touch, the <a href="/wiki/IPad_Pro" title="IPad Pro">iPad Pro</a>, and the fourth-generation <a href="/wiki/Apple_TV" title="Apple TV">Apple TV</a>, along with the fourth-generation <a href="/wiki/IPad_Mini" title="IPad Mini">iPad Mini</a>. On March 21, 2016, Apple announced the <a href="/wiki/IPhone_SE_(1st_generation)" title="IPhone SE (1st generation)">first-generation iPhone SE</a> and the smaller <a href="/wiki/IPad_Pro" title="IPad Pro">iPad Pro</a>. On September 7, 2016, Apple announced the <a href="/wiki/IPhone_7" title="IPhone 7">iPhone 7</a> and <a href="/wiki/IPhone_7_Plus" class="mw-redirect" title="IPhone 7 Plus">iPhone 7 Plus</a> with an improved camera and a faster processor than the previous generation. The iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus have high storage options. On October 27, 2016, Apple announced the new 13 and 15 inch <a href="/wiki/MacBook_Pro" title="MacBook Pro">MacBook Pro</a> with a retina Touch Bar. On March 21, 2017, Apple announced the <a href="/wiki/IPad_(2017)" class="mw-redirect" title="IPad (2017)">iPad (2017)</a>. This is the iPad Air 2 successor, equipped with a faster processor, and starts at $329. Apple also announced the (Product)RED iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus. On June 5, 2017, Apple announced <a href="/wiki/IOS_11" title="IOS 11">iOS 11</a> as well as new versions of <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a>, <a href="/wiki/WatchOS" title="WatchOS">watchOS</a>, and <a href="/wiki/TvOS" title="TvOS">tvOS</a>. Updated versions of the iMac, MacBook Pro, and MacBook were released, along with the 10.5 and 12.9 inch <a href="/wiki/IPad_Pro" title="IPad Pro">iPad Pro</a>, and "<a href="/wiki/HomePod" title="HomePod">HomePod</a>", a Siri speaker similar to the <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Echo" title="Amazon Echo">Amazon Echo</a>. On September 12, at the <a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs_Theater" title="Steve Jobs Theater">Steve Jobs Theater</a>, Apple introduced the <a href="/wiki/IPhone_8" title="IPhone 8">iPhone 8</a> and iPhone 8 Plus with better camera features, more improvements in <a href="/wiki/Product_design" title="Product design">product design</a>, <a href="/wiki/User_experience" title="User experience">user experience</a>, performance and more, and announced the <a href="/wiki/IPhone_X" title="IPhone X">iPhone X</a> with facial recognition technology and wireless charging. Apple announced the 4K Apple TV with 4K, HDR and Dolby Vision experience, and the Apple Watch Series 3, supporting a cellular connection, running <a href="/wiki/WatchOS" title="WatchOS">watchOS 4</a>. In March 2018, <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg</a> reported that Apple was developing <a href="/wiki/MicroLED" title="MicroLED">MicroLED</a> screens for the iPhone, iPad, Mac, watch, AR glasses, and <a href="/wiki/Apple_car_project" title="Apple car project">electric car</a>.<a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a> It was linked to a Research and Development facility in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara,_California" title="Santa Clara, California">Santa Clara, California</a> code named Aria<a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a> by the Bay Area News Group.<a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a> On September 12, at the Steve Jobs Theater, Apple introduced the <a href="/wiki/IPhone_XS" title="IPhone XS">iPhone XS</a>, <a href="/wiki/IPhone_XS" title="IPhone XS">iPhone XS Max</a>, and <a href="/wiki/IPhone_XR" title="IPhone XR">iPhone XR</a>, running <a href="/wiki/IOS_12" title="IOS 12">iOS 12</a>, with improved facial recognition and HDR in the display as well as better cameras for all 3 phones. They also announced the Apple Watch Series 4, running <a href="/wiki/WatchOS" title="WatchOS">watchOS 5</a>, with an all-new design and larger display as well as many more health-related features. In October 2018, Bloomberg reported that, as early as 2015, a specialized unit of China's <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a> began inserting chips into <a href="/wiki/Supermicro" title="Supermicro">Supermicro</a> servers that allowed for <a href="/wiki/Backdoor_(computing)" title="Backdoor (computing)">backdoor</a> access to them.<a href="#cite_note-BB-206">[206]</a> Approximately 30 companies reportedly had their servers compromised via the chips, including Apple Inc.<a href="#cite_note-BB-206">[206]</a> On September 20, 2019, the <a href="/wiki/IPhone_11" title="IPhone 11">iPhone 11</a>, <a href="/wiki/IPhone_11_Pro" title="IPhone 11 Pro">iPhone 11 Pro</a>, and iPhone 11 Pro Max were introduced. The iPhone 11 Pro was the first iPhone to feature three cameras. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2020–present:_5G_and_Apple_silicon">2020–present: 5G and Apple silicon</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Apple_Inc.&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: 2020–present: 5G and Apple silicon">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Macbook_Air_M1_Silver_PNG.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Macbook_Air_M1_Silver_PNG.png/220px-Macbook_Air_M1_Silver_PNG.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Macbook_Air_M1_Silver_PNG.png/330px-Macbook_Air_M1_Silver_PNG.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Macbook_Air_M1_Silver_PNG.png/440px-Macbook_Air_M1_Silver_PNG.png 2x" data-file-width="2386" data-file-height="2386" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/MacBook_Air_(Apple_silicon)" title="MacBook Air (Apple silicon)">MacBook Air M1</a> (2020)</figcaption></figure> In 2020, Apple was fined £21 million euros, claiming they intentionally <a href="/wiki/Planned_obsolescence" title="Planned obsolescence">slowed down older models</a> of iPhones to encourage people to buy newer models. The company somewhat admitted to this practice in 2017, saying the phones were slowed to respond to the <a href="/wiki/Capacity_loss" title="Capacity loss">decay</a> of iPhones' <a href="/wiki/Lithium-ion_battery" title="Lithium-ion battery">lithium-ion batteries</a>, which made it harder for the batteries to reach the phones' expected power demands.<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a> The <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> heavily effected China, hurting Apple financially, because they invested into China enough to become increasingly dependent on the country.<a href="#cite_note-O'Flaherty-208">[208]</a> Chinese factories closed and demand for Apple products went down.<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a> However, they recovered and eventually reached a $2 trillion USD market cap later that year.<a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a> The <a href="/wiki/IPhone_12" title="IPhone 12">iPhone 12</a>, <a href="/wiki/IPhone_12_Pro" title="IPhone 12 Pro">12 Pro, and 12 Pro Max</a> were introduced, being the first iPhones to support <a href="/wiki/5G" title="5G">5G</a> connectivity.<a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a> The company also started using its own <a href="/wiki/Apple_silicon" title="Apple silicon">Apple silicon</a> processors in Macs, instead of chips made by Intel.<a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a><a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a> In April 2021, the M1-powered iPad was launched, along with a new M1-powered iMac offered in 7 colors, recalling the <a href="/wiki/IMac_G3#Model_line-up" title="IMac G3">iMacs offered in 5 colors</a> announced in 1999. Apple launched a GPS tracking device called <a href="/wiki/AirTag" title="AirTag">AirTag</a> that uses the Apple's <a href="/wiki/Find_My" title="Find My">Find My</a> device network. In 2021 and 2022, Apple repeated its pattern of introducing four new iPhones in September, with 2021's <a href="/wiki/IPhone_13" title="IPhone 13">iPhone 13</a> and <a href="/wiki/IPhone_13_Pro" title="IPhone 13 Pro">iPhone 13 Pro</a> lines and 2022's <a href="/wiki/IPhone_14" title="IPhone 14">iPhone 14</a> and <a href="/wiki/IPhone_14_Pro" title="IPhone 14 Pro">iPhone 14 Pro</a> lines. The iPhone 14 Pro ditched the <a href="/wiki/Notch_(engineering)" title="Notch (engineering)">notch</a> containing the sensors for a "dynamic island", which allows for space between the top edge of the screen and the sensors for Face ID. 2022 saw Apple announce the first Macs with Apple's <a href="/wiki/Apple_M2" title="Apple M2">M2</a> chip and a new sub-series of Apple Watch with increased performance for outdoor activities named <a href="/wiki/Apple_Watch_Ultra" title="Apple Watch Ultra">Apple Watch Ultra</a>. Apple experienced a period of unprecedented employee unrest in 2021 and 2022, resulting in outspoken employees organizing over labor issues and the company's treatment of women at the company in its corporate offices and retail stores.<a href="#cite_note-:3-214">[214]</a><a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a> Employees engaged in <a href="/wiki/Hashtag_activism" title="Hashtag activism">hashtag activism</a> on social media inspired by the <a href="/wiki/MeToo_movement" title="MeToo movement">#MeToo movement</a> called <a href="/wiki/AppleToo" title="AppleToo">#AppleToo</a><a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a> and two American stores <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc._and_unions" title="Apple Inc. and unions">unionized</a> for the first time.<a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a> In 2022, Apple paused all product sales in Russia in response to the country's <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">invasion of Ukraine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a> Tim Cook began focusing on privacy features, which lowered App Store developers' revenue. They also developed App Tracking Transparency, a set of privacy features which cost Facebook $12 billion USD.<a href="#cite_note-O'Flaherty-208">[208]</a> The company also announced they would start including ads in the Books, Maps, and TV iOS apps,<a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a> and that it would eventually move production out of China.<a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apple_Vision_Pro_on_display.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Apple_Vision_Pro_on_display.jpg/220px-Apple_Vision_Pro_on_display.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Apple_Vision_Pro_on_display.jpg/330px-Apple_Vision_Pro_on_display.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Apple_Vision_Pro_on_display.jpg/439px-Apple_Vision_Pro_on_display.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6048" data-file-height="8064" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/Apple_Vision_Pro" title="Apple Vision Pro">Apple Vision Pro</a> headset on display</figcaption></figure> Apple launched a <a href="/wiki/Buy_now,_pay_later" title="Buy now, pay later">buy now, pay later</a> service called 'Apple Pay Later' for its <a href="/wiki/Apple_Wallet" title="Apple Wallet">Apple Wallet</a> users in 2023. The program allows its users to apply for loans between $50 and $1,000 to make online or in-app purchases, and then repaying them through four installments spread over six weeks without any interest or fees.<a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a><a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a> In June, Apple released the <a href="/wiki/Apple_Vision_Pro" title="Apple Vision Pro">Apple Vision Pro</a>, a computer in the form of an <a href="/wiki/Augmented_reality" title="Augmented reality">augmented reality</a> headset which runs the <a href="/wiki/VisionOS" title="VisionOS">VisionOS</a> operating system. Wearers of the headset use hand gestures to navigate the user interface.<a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a> It initially released at $3,500 in the United States, and while sales figures have not been released as of June 2024, it is considered to be a financial failure in its initial stages.<a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a> The company then reached a $25 million settlement in a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">U.S. Department of Justice</a> case that alleged they were discriminating against U.S. citizens in hiring; they created jobs that were not listed online and required paper submission to apply for, while advertising these jobs to foreign workers as part of recruitment for <a href="/wiki/Permanent_Labor_Certification#Program_electronic_review_management" title="Permanent Labor Certification">PERM</a>.<a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a> In April 2024, Apple laid off more than 600 employees working in facilities linked to the electric car project and microLED development.<a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a> The projects had been reported to have been shut down in the preceding two months.<a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a><a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a> In June 2024, Apple announced <a href="/wiki/IOS_18" title="IOS 18">iOS18</a> and <a href="/wiki/MacOS_Sequoia" title="MacOS Sequoia">macOS Sequoia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a><a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a> After the development of powerful <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">AI</a> software like <a href="/wiki/OpenAI" title="OpenAI">OpenAI</a>'s <a href="/wiki/ChatGPT" title="ChatGPT">ChatGPT</a> in the early 2020s, Apple was accused of being behind their competitors in innovating using AI;<a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a> alongside the new operating systems, the company announced they would introduce AI features into their products, such as using ChatGPT to improve Siri. The first product to feature these improvements, named <a href="/wiki/Apple_Intelligence" title="Apple Intelligence">Apple Intelligence</a>, is planned to be the <a href="/wiki/IPhone_15_Pro" title="IPhone 15 Pro">iPhone 15 Pro</a> running iOS 18.<a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a> Criticism was leveled towards the plan to incorporate recorded user inputs into ChatGPT's <a href="/wiki/Data_set" title="Data set">data set</a>.<a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a> Apple did not pay OpenAI for these features, believing that exposure to OpenAI products will already financially benefit them.<a href="#cite_note-234">[234]</a> The announcement improved Apple's stock, temporarily making them the world's most valuable company instead of Microsoft.<a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a> Meanwhile, Apple was sued by two female employees seeking class action who claimed that the company's hiring and performance-review practices are biased against women.<a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a> The <a href="/wiki/National_Labor_Relations_Board" title="National Labor Relations Board">National Labor Relations Board</a> (NLRB) charged Apple with violations of the <a href="/wiki/National_Labor_Relations_Act_of_1935" title="National Labor Relations Act of 1935">National Labor Relations Act of 1935</a> in spring and fall of 2024. The NLRB accused Apple of maintaining unlawful employee contracts, rules around social media and <a href="/wiki/Slack_(software)" title="Slack (software)">Slack</a> usage, for interrogating unionizing employees, and for illegally firing <a href="/wiki/Janneke_Parrish" title="Janneke Parrish">Janneke Parrish</a>, a labor activist who had co-lead the #AppleToo movement.<a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a><a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a><a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Financial_history">Financial history</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Apple_Inc.&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Financial history">edit</a>]</div> As cash reserves increased significantly in 2006, Apple created <a href="/wiki/Braeburn_Capital" title="Braeburn Capital">Braeburn Capital</a> on April 6, 2006, to manage its assets.<a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Financial period </th> <th>Net sales (million USD) </th> <th>Net profits (million USD) </th> <th>Revenue growth </th> <th>Return on net sales </th></tr> <tr> <td>FY 1977<a href="#cite_note-241">[241]</a> </td> <td>0.773 </td> <td>n/a </td> <td>--- </td> <td>--- </td></tr> <tr> <td>FY 1978 </td> <td>7.856 </td> <td>0.793 </td> <td>920% </td> <td>10% </td></tr> <tr> <td>FY 1979 </td> <td>47.867 </td> <td>5.073 </td> <td>508% </td> <td>11% </td></tr> <tr> <td>FY 1980 </td> <td>117.126 </td> <td>11.698 </td> <td>146% </td> <td>10% </td></tr> <tr> <td>FY 1981<a href="#cite_note-242">[242]</a> </td> <td>335 </td> <td>39.420 </td> <td>184% </td> <td>12% </td></tr> <tr> <td>FY 1982 </td> <td>583 </td> <td>61 </td> <td>74% </td> <td>10% </td></tr> <tr> <td>FY 1983 </td> <td>983 </td> <td>77 </td> <td>69% </td> <td>8% </td></tr> <tr> <td>FY 1984 </td> <td>1,516 </td> <td>64 </td> <td>54% </td> <td>4% </td></tr> <tr> <td>FY 1985 </td> <td>1,918 </td> <td>61 </td> <td>27% </td> <td>3% </td></tr> <tr> <td>FY 1986 </td> <td>1,902 </td> <td>154 </td> <td>-1% </td> <td>8% </td></tr> <tr> <td>FY 1987 </td> <td>2,661 </td> <td>218 </td> <td>40% </td> <td>8% </td></tr> <tr> <td>FY 1988 </td> <td>4,071 </td> <td>400 </td> <td>53% </td> <td>10% </td></tr> <tr> <td>FY 1989 </td> <td>5,284 </td> <td>454 </td> <td>30% </td> <td>9% </td></tr> <tr> <td>FY 1990 </td> <td>5,558 </td> <td>475 </td> <td>5% </td> <td>9% </td></tr> <tr> <td>FY 1991 </td> <td>6,309 </td> <td>310 </td> <td>12% </td> <td>5% </td></tr> <tr> <td>FY 1992 </td> <td>7,087 </td> <td>530 </td> <td>12% </td> <td>7% </td></tr> <tr> <td>FY 1993 </td> <td>7,977 </td> <td>87 </td> <td>13% </td> <td>1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>FY 1994 </td> <td>9,189 </td> <td>310 </td> <td>15% </td> <td>3% </td></tr> <tr> <td>FY 1995 </td> <td>11,062 </td> <td>424 </td> <td>20% </td> <td>4% </td></tr> <tr> <td>FY 1996 </td> <td>9,833 </td> <td>−816 </td> <td>−11% </td> <td>−8% </td></tr> <tr> <td>FY 1997 </td> <td>7,081 </td> <td>−1,045 </td> <td>−28% </td> <td>−15% </td></tr> <tr> <td>FY 1998 </td> <td>5,941 </td> <td>309 </td> <td>−16% </td> <td>5% </td></tr> <tr> <td>FY 1999 </td> <td>6,134 </td> <td>601 </td> <td>3% </td> <td>10% </td></tr> <tr> <td>FY 2000 </td> <td>7,983 </td> <td>786 </td> <td>30% </td> <td>10% </td></tr> <tr> <td>FY 2001 </td> <td>5,363 </td> <td>−37 </td> <td>−33% </td> <td>−1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>FY 2002 </td> <td>5,724 </td> <td>65 </td> <td>7% </td> <td>1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>FY 2003 </td> <td>6,207 </td> <td>57 </td> <td>8% </td> <td>1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>FY 2004 </td> <td>8,279 </td> <td>266 </td> <td>33% </td> <td>3% </td></tr> <tr> <td>FY 2005 </td> <td>13,931 </td> <td>1,328 </td> <td>68% </td> <td>10% </td></tr> <tr> <td>FY 2006 </td> <td>19,315 </td> <td>1,989 </td> <td>39% </td> <td>10% </td></tr> <tr> <td>FY 2007 </td> <td>24,006 </td> <td>3,496 </td> <td>24% </td> <td>15% </td></tr> <tr> <td>FY 2008 </td> <td>32,479 </td> <td>4,834 </td> <td>35% </td> <td>15% </td></tr> <tr> <td>FY 2009<a href="#cite_note-243">[243]</a> </td> <td>42,905 </td> <td>8,235 </td> <td>32% </td> <td>19% </td></tr> <tr> <td>FY 2010 </td> <td>65,225 </td> <td>14,013 </td> <td>52% </td> <td>21% </td></tr> <tr> <td>FY 2011 </td> <td>108,249 </td> <td>25,922 </td> <td>66% </td> <td>24% </td></tr> <tr> <td>FY 2012 </td> <td>156,508 </td> <td>41,733 </td> <td>45% </td> <td>27% </td></tr> <tr> <td>FY 2013 </td> <td>170,910 </td> <td>37,037 </td> <td>9% </td> <td>22% </td></tr> <tr> <td>FY 2014 </td> <td>182,795 </td> <td>39,510 </td> <td>7% </td> <td>22% </td></tr> <tr> <td>FY 2015 </td> <td>233,715 </td> <td>53,394 </td> <td>28% </td> <td>23% </td></tr> <tr> <td>FY 2016 </td> <td>215,639 </td> <td>45,687 </td> <td>−8% </td> <td>21% </td></tr> <tr> <td>FY 2017 </td> <td>229,234 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FY 2018 </td> <td>265,595 </td> <td>59,531 </td> <td>15% </td> <td>_ </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stock">Stock</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Apple_Inc.&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Stock">edit</a>]</div> 'AAPL' is the <a href="/wiki/Stock_symbol" class="mw-redirect" title="Stock symbol">stock symbol</a> under which <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Inc.</a> trades on the <a href="/wiki/NASDAQ" class="mw-redirect" title="NASDAQ">NASDAQ</a> <a href="/wiki/Stock_market" title="Stock market">stock market</a>. Apple originally went public on December 12, 1980, with an <a href="/wiki/Initial_public_offering" title="Initial public offering">initial public offering</a> at US$22.00<a href="#cite_note-244">[244]</a> per share. The stock has split 2 for 1 three times on June 15, 1987, June 21, 2000, and February 28, 2005. Apple initially paid dividends from June 15, 1987, to December 15, 1995. On March 19, 2012, Apple announced that it would again start paying a dividend of $2.65 per quarter (beginning in the quarter that starts in July 2012) along a $10 billion <a href="/wiki/Share_repurchase" title="Share repurchase">share buyback</a> that would commence September 30, 2012, the start of its fiscal 2013 year. Gene Munster and Michael Olson of <a href="/wiki/Piper_Jaffray" class="mw-redirect" title="Piper Jaffray">Piper Jaffray</a> are the main analysts who track Apple stock. Piper Jaffray estimates future stock and revenue of Apple annually, and have been doing so for several years.<a href="#cite_note-245">[245]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Timeline_of_Apple_Inc._products">Timeline of Apple Inc. products</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Apple_Inc.&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Timeline of Apple Inc. products">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Apple_Inc._products" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of Apple Inc. products">Timeline of Apple Inc. products</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Timeline_of_Apple_Inc._products" title="Template:Timeline of Apple Inc. products"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Timeline_of_Apple_Inc._products" title="Template talk:Timeline of Apple Inc. products"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Timeline_of_Apple_Inc._products" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Timeline of Apple Inc. products"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td><div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_habb7x2cyjkr1jj8evpzuh8w40cqd0f"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Windows_11" coords="869,389,950,409" title="Windows 11" alt="Windows 11" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Windows_10" coords="753,389,834,409" title="Windows 10" alt="Windows 10" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Windows_8" coords="701,389,776,409" title="Windows 8" alt="Windows 8" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Windows_7" coords="645,389,720,409" title="Windows 7" alt="Windows 7" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Windows_Vista" coords="592,389,667,409" title="Windows Vista" alt="Windows Vista" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Tim_Cook" coords="679,409,737,429" title="Tim Cook" alt="Tim Cook" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Windows_XP" coords="491,389,588,409" title="Windows XP" alt="Windows XP" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs" coords="452,409,511,429" title="Steve Jobs" alt="Steve Jobs" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Debian" coords="385,389,521,409" title="Debian" alt="Debian" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Gil_Amelio" coords="387,409,456,429" title="Gil Amelio" alt="Gil Amelio" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/NeXT" coords="254,389,312,409" title="NeXT" alt="NeXT" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Michael_Spindler" coords="319,409,399,429" title="Michael Spindler" alt="Michael Spindler" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" coords="194,389,280,409" title="Microsoft Windows" alt="Microsoft Windows" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/John_Sculley" coords="181,409,256,429" title="John Sculley" alt="John Sculley" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/IBM_PC" coords="114,389,184,409" title="IBM PC" alt="IBM PC" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Mike_Markkula" coords="92,409,173,429" title="Mike Markkula" alt="Mike Markkula" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/TRS%2D80" coords="39,389,109,409" title="TRS-80" alt="TRS-80" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Michael_Scott_(Apple)" coords="31,409,95,429" title="Michael Scott (Apple)" alt="Michael Scott (Apple)" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Altair_8800" coords="10,389,79,409" title="Altair 8800" alt="Altair 8800" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/iWork" coords="554,369,618,389" title="iWork" alt="iWork" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/iLife" coords="517,369,581,389" title="iLife" alt="iLife" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/iTunes" coords="479,369,549,389" title="iTunes" alt="iTunes" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Final_Cut" coords="437,369,523,389" title="Final Cut" alt="Final Cut" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/FileMaker_Pro" coords="331,369,439,389" title="FileMaker Pro" alt="FileMaker Pro" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/ClarisWorks" coords="276,369,374,389" title="ClarisWorks" alt="ClarisWorks" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/AppleShare" coords="221,369,313,389" title="AppleShare" alt="AppleShare" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/MacPaint" coords="199,369,263,389" title="MacPaint" alt="MacPaint" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/MacWrite" coords="155,369,235,389" title="MacWrite" alt="MacWrite" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/AppleWorks" coords="97,369,189,389" title="AppleWorks" alt="AppleWorks" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/AirPort_Time_Capsule" coords="611,349,713,369" title="AirPort Time Capsule" alt="AirPort Time Capsule" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/AirPort%23AirPort_Extreme_(802.11n)" coords="585,349,644,369" title="AirPort#AirPort Extreme (802.11n)" alt="AirPort#AirPort Extreme (802.11n)" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/iSight_Camera" coords="525,349,594,369" title="iSight Camera" alt="iSight Camera" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/AirPort" coords="442,349,517,369" title="AirPort" alt="AirPort" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/GeoPort" coords="366,349,441,369" title="GeoPort" alt="GeoPort" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_USB_Modem" coords="227,349,313,369" title="Apple USB Modem" alt="Apple USB Modem" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/LocalTalk" coords="181,349,273,369" title="LocalTalk" alt="LocalTalk" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_USB_Modem" coords="147,349,211,369" title="Apple USB Modem" alt="Apple USB Modem" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_Studio_Display" coords="878,329,992,349" title="Apple Studio Display" alt="Apple Studio Display" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Pro_Display_XDR" coords="835,329,910,349" title="Pro Display XDR" alt="Pro Display XDR" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_displays%23LCD_displays" coords="453,329,566,349" title="Apple displays#LCD displays" alt="Apple displays#LCD displays" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_displays%23LCD_displays" coords="426,329,490,349" title="Apple displays#LCD displays" alt="Apple displays#LCD displays" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Trinitron" coords="354,329,446,349" title="Trinitron" alt="Trinitron" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_displays" coords="313,329,383,349" title="Apple displays" alt="Apple displays" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_displays" coords="179,329,254,349" title="Apple displays" alt="Apple displays" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_displays" coords="97,329,211,349" title="Apple displays" alt="Apple displays" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Magic_Mouse_2" coords="757,309,832,329" title="Magic Mouse 2" alt="Magic Mouse 2" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Magic_Mouse" coords="645,309,708,329" title="Magic Mouse" alt="Magic Mouse" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_Mighty_Mouse" coords="565,309,668,329" title="Apple Mighty Mouse" alt="Apple Mighty Mouse" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_Wireless_Mouse" coords="524,309,605,329" title="Apple Wireless Mouse" alt="Apple Wireless Mouse" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_Mouse%23Apple_USB_Mouse_(M4848)" coords="433,309,519,329" title="Apple Mouse#Apple USB Mouse (M4848)" alt="Apple Mouse#Apple USB Mouse (M4848)" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_Adjustable_Keyboard" coords="310,309,485,329" title="Apple Adjustable Keyboard" alt="Apple Adjustable Keyboard" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_Scanner" coords="241,309,349,329" title="Apple Scanner" alt="Apple Scanner" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_Desktop_Bus" coords="213,309,277,329" title="Apple Desktop Bus" alt="Apple Desktop Bus" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_Mouse" coords="182,309,246,329" title="Apple Mouse" alt="Apple Mouse" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_Keyboard" coords="136,309,217,329" title="Apple Keyboard" alt="Apple Keyboard" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Color_LaserWriter_12/600_PS" coords="374,289,505,309" title="Color LaserWriter 12/600 PS" alt="Color LaserWriter 12/600 PS" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/StyleWriter" coords="294,289,392,309" title="StyleWriter" alt="StyleWriter" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/LaserWriter" coords="179,289,276,309" title="LaserWriter" alt="LaserWriter" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Template:Apple_printers" coords="74,289,188,309" title="Template:Apple printers" alt="Template:Apple printers" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/SuperDrive" coords="611,269,702,289" title="SuperDrive" alt="SuperDrive" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/SuperDrive%23Floppy_disk_drive" coords="248,269,390,289" title="SuperDrive#Floppy disk drive" alt="SuperDrive#Floppy disk drive" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/AppleCD" coords="233,269,280,289" title="AppleCD" alt="AppleCD" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Hard_Disk_20SC" coords="205,269,263,289" title="Hard Disk 20SC" alt="Hard Disk 20SC" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Macintosh_External_Disk_Drive" coords="155,269,246,289" title="Macintosh External Disk Drive" alt="Macintosh External Disk Drive" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_ProFile" coords="105,269,197,289" title="Apple ProFile" alt="Apple ProFile" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Disk_II" coords="56,269,131,289" title="Disk II" alt="Disk II" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_TV" coords="586,209,666,229" title="Apple TV" alt="Apple TV" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_Bandai_Pippin" coords="384,209,453,229" title="Apple Bandai Pippin" alt="Apple Bandai Pippin" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_Interactive_Television_Box" coords="348,209,417,229" title="Apple Interactive Television Box" alt="Apple Interactive Television Box" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/HomePod_Mini" coords="853,249,911,269" title="HomePod Mini" alt="HomePod Mini" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/HomePod" coords="800,249,875,269" title="HomePod" alt="HomePod" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_Watch" coords="748,229,845,249" title="Apple Watch" alt="Apple Watch" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/PowerCD%23AppleDesign_Powered_Speakers" coords="329,249,454,269" title="PowerCD#AppleDesign Powered Speakers" alt="PowerCD#AppleDesign Powered Speakers" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_QuickTake" coords="348,229,467,249" title="Apple QuickTake" alt="Apple QuickTake" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/iPod_Touch" coords="605,189,697,209" title="iPod Touch" alt="iPod Touch" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/iPod" coords="493,189,552,209" title="iPod" alt="iPod" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/PowerCD" coords="329,189,404,209" title="PowerCD" alt="PowerCD" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/iPhone" coords="601,169,671,189" title="iPhone" alt="iPhone" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/iPad" coords="650,149,708,169" title="iPad" alt="iPad" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Newton_(platform)" coords="340,149,443,169" title="Newton (platform)" alt="Newton (platform)" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Mac_Pro" coords="591,129,666,149" title="Mac Pro" alt="Mac Pro" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple%27s_transition_to_Intel_processors" coords="563,129,638,149" title="Apple's transition to Intel processors" alt="Apple's transition to Intel processors" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Power_Mac_G5" coords="525,129,572,149" title="Power Mac G5" alt="Power Mac G5" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/OS_X" coords="490,129,554,149" title="OS X" alt="OS X" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Power_Mac_G4" coords="458,129,505,149" title="Power Mac G4" alt="Power Mac G4" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/iMac" coords="434,129,492,149" title="iMac" alt="iMac" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_G3" coords="420,129,467,149" title="Power Macintosh G3" alt="Power Macintosh G3" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh" coords="351,129,437,149" title="Power Macintosh" alt="Power Macintosh" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/PowerBook" coords="305,129,380,149" title="PowerBook" alt="PowerBook" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Macintosh_LC" coords="287,129,334,149" title="Macintosh LC" alt="Macintosh LC" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Macintosh_SE/30" coords="255,129,319,149" title="Macintosh SE/30" alt="Macintosh SE/30" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Macintosh_II" coords="221,129,290,149" title="Macintosh II" alt="Macintosh II" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Compact_Macintosh" coords="160,129,246,149" title="Compact Macintosh" alt="Compact Macintosh" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Mac_Studio" coords="877,89,969,109" title="Mac Studio" alt="Mac Studio" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/iMac_Pro" coords="798,89,878,109" title="iMac Pro" alt="iMac Pro" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Mac_Mini" coords="555,109,636,129" title="Mac Mini" alt="Mac Mini" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Xserve" coords="505,89,574,109" title="Xserve" alt="Xserve" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/iMac" coords="434,69,492,89" title="iMac" alt="iMac" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_Network_Server" coords="387,69,440,89" title="Apple Network Server" alt="Apple Network Server" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Macintosh_XL" coords="179,89,248,109" title="Macintosh XL" alt="Macintosh XL" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_Lisa" coords="141,89,199,109" title="Apple Lisa" alt="Apple Lisa" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/MacBook_Air" coords="612,49,709,69" title="MacBook Air" alt="MacBook Air" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/MacBook_Pro" coords="574,29,671,49" title="MacBook Pro" alt="MacBook Pro" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/MacBook_(2006%E2%80%932012)" coords="580,9,655,29" title="MacBook (2006–2012)" alt="MacBook (2006–2012)" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/iBook" coords="532,9,612,29" title="iBook" alt="iBook" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/iBook" coords="450,9,531,29" title="iBook" alt="iBook" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_IIe_Card" coords="345,29,425,49" title="Apple IIe Card" alt="Apple IIe Card" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_IIe%23The_Platinum_IIe" coords="285,29,388,49" title="Apple IIe#The Platinum IIe" alt="Apple IIe#The Platinum IIe" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_IIc_Plus" coords="248,29,328,49" title="Apple IIc Plus" alt="Apple IIc Plus" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_IIGS" coords="210,49,302,69" title="Apple IIGS" alt="Apple IIGS" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_IIc" coords="164,29,217,49" title="Apple IIc" alt="Apple IIc" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_III" coords="158,49,239,69" title="Apple III" alt="Apple III" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_IIe" coords="141,29,194,49" title="Apple IIe" alt="Apple IIe" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_III" coords="97,49,183,69" title="Apple III" alt="Apple III" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_II_Plus" coords="74,29,149,49" title="Apple II Plus" alt="Apple II Plus" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_II" coords="33,29,114,49" title="Apple II" alt="Apple II" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_I" coords="19,9,94,29" title="Apple I" alt="Apple I" /></map><img usemap="#timeline_habb7x2cyjkr1jj8evpzuh8w40cqd0f" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/habb7x2cyjkr1jj8evpzuh8w40cqd0f.png" /></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Apple_II_series" title="Timeline of the Apple II series">Timeline of the Apple II series</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Mac_models" title="List of Mac models">List of Mac models</a></div> <dl><dd>Products on this timeline indicate introduction dates only and not necessarily discontinued dates, as new products begin on a contiguous product line.</dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Apple_Inc.&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAnisimova2022" class="citation web cs1">Anisimova, Milena (March 8, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thedesignest.net/apple-logo-history">"Apple Logo History: All About Apple Logo Evolution"</a>. The Designest. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240624212120/https://thedesignest.net/apple-logo-history/">Archived</a> from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved September 20, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Designest&rft.atitle=Apple+Logo+History%3A+All+About+Apple+Logo+Evolution&rft.date=2022-03-08&rft.aulast=Anisimova&rft.aufirst=Milena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthedesignest.net%2Fapple-logo-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-partnership-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-partnership_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-partnership_2-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190328214907/https://downloads.reactivemicro.com/Apple%20II%20Items/Documentation/Apple%20Info/Apple%20PartnerShip%20Agreement.pdf">"Apple Computer Company Partnership Agreement"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.downloads.reactivemicro.com/Public/Apple%20II%20Items/Documentation/Apple%20Info/Apple%20PartnerShip%20Agreement.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on March 28, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apple+Computer+Company+Partnership+Agreement&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.downloads.reactivemicro.com%2FPublic%2FApple%2520II%2520Items%2FDocumentation%2FApple%2520Info%2FApple%2520PartnerShip%2520Agreement.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Apple_incorporation-3"><a href="#cite_ref-Apple_incorporation_3-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://investor.apple.com/faq/default.aspx">"FAQ"</a>. Apple Investor Relations. Apple Inc. Apple Corporate Info. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200312205405/https://investor.apple.com/faq/default.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on March 12, 2020. Retrieved January 23, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Apple+Investor+Relations&rft.atitle=FAQ&rft.pages=Apple+Corporate+Info&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finvestor.apple.com%2Ffaq%2Fdefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010724014721/http://product.info.apple.com/pr/press.releases/1997/q2/970207.pr.rel.next.html">"Apple Computer, Inc. Finalizes Acquisition of NeXT Software Inc"</a>. Apple Inc. February 7, 1997. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://product.info.apple.com/pr/press.releases/1997/q2/970207.pr.rel.next.html">the original</a> on July 24, 2001. Retrieved June 25, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apple+Computer%2C+Inc.+Finalizes+Acquisition+of+NeXT+Software+Inc.&rft.pub=Apple+Inc.&rft.date=1997-02-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fproduct.info.apple.com%2Fpr%2Fpress.releases%2F1997%2Fq2%2F970207.pr.rel.next.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-interim_CEO-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-interim_CEO_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-interim_CEO_5-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/library/cyber/week/091797apple.html">"Apple Formally Names Jobs as Interim Chief"</a>. The New York Times. September 17, 1997. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171117174448/http://www.nytimes.com/library/cyber/week/091797apple.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 17, 2017. Retrieved June 27, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Apple+Formally+Names+Jobs+as+Interim+Chief&rft.date=1997-09-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Flibrary%2Fcyber%2Fweek%2F091797apple.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-norr-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-norr_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-norr_6-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorr2000" class="citation news cs1">Norr, Henry (January 6, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com/business/article/MACWORLD-EXPO-Permanent-Jobs-Apple-CEO-3270603.php">"MacWorld Expo/Permanent Jobs/Apple CEO finally drops 'interim' from title"</a>. San Francisco Chronicle. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210417012306/https://www.sfgate.com/business/article/MACWORLD-EXPO-Permanent-Jobs-Apple-CEO-3270603.php">Archived</a> from the original on April 17, 2021. Retrieved June 27, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Chronicle&rft.atitle=MacWorld+Expo%2FPermanent+Jobs%2FApple+CEO+finally+drops+%27interim%27+from+title&rft.date=2000-01-06&rft.aulast=Norr&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fbusiness%2Farticle%2FMACWORLD-EXPO-Permanent-Jobs-Apple-CEO-3270603.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://im.ft-static.com/content/images/3738dd34-35da-11e5-b05b-b01debd57852.xls">"Financial Times"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210414050755/http://im.ft-static.com/content/images/3738dd34-35da-11e5-b05b-b01debd57852.xls">Archived</a> from the original on April 14, 2021. Retrieved February 4, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Financial+Times&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fim.ft-static.com%2Fcontent%2Fimages%2F3738dd34-35da-11e5-b05b-b01debd57852.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-45050213">"Apple is first public company worth $1 trillion"</a>. BBC News. August 2, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210414051426/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-45050213">Archived</a> from the original on April 14, 2021. Retrieved August 2, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Apple+is+first+public+company+worth+%241+trillion&rft.date=2018-08-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fbusiness-45050213&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldman2012" class="citation web cs1">Goldman, David (February 29, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.cnn.com/2012/02/29/technology/apple_market_cap/index.htm">"At $500 billion, Apple is worth more than Poland – Feb. 29, 2012"</a>. Money.cnn.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210325033154/https://money.cnn.com/2012/02/29/technology/apple_market_cap/index.htm">Archived</a> from the original on March 25, 2021. Retrieved September 19, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=At+%24500+billion%2C+Apple+is+worth+more+than+Poland+%E2%80%93+Feb.+29%2C+2012&rft.pub=Money.cnn.com&rft.date=2012-02-29&rft.aulast=Goldman&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2F2012%2F02%2F29%2Ftechnology%2Fapple_market_cap%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10-K-2012-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10-K-2012_10-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/320193/000119312512444068/d411355d10k.htm">"2012 Apple Form 10-K"</a>. October 31, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210227034350/https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/320193/000119312512444068/d411355d10k.htm">Archived</a> from the original on February 27, 2021. Retrieved November 4, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2012+Apple+Form+10-K&rft.date=2012-10-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sec.gov%2FArchives%2Fedgar%2Fdata%2F320193%2F000119312512444068%2Fd411355d10k.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer20041–2-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinzmayer20041–2_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinzmayer20041–2_11-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFLinzmayer2004">Linzmayer 2004</a>, pp. 1–2. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Grady20091–2-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Grady20091–2_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Grady20091–2_12-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFO'Grady2009">O'Grady 2009</a>, pp. 1–2. </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIsaacson2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Isaacson" title="Walter Isaacson">Isaacson, Walter</a> (2014). <a href="/wiki/The_Innovators_(book)" title="The Innovators (book)">The Innovators</a>. Simon and Schuster. p. 346. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4767-0869-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4767-0869-0"><bdi>978-1-4767-0869-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Innovators&rft.pages=346&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-4767-0869-0&rft.aulast=Isaacson&rft.aufirst=Walter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201530-14"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201530_14-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFIsaacson2015">Isaacson 2015</a>, p. 30. </li> <li id="cite_note-Apple_Confidential-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Apple_Confidential_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Apple_Confidential_15-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLinzmayer2004" class="citation book cs1">Linzmayer, Owen W. (2004). Apple Confidential 2.0: The Definitive History of the World's Most Colorful Company. No Starch Press. pp. 4–5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781593270100" title="Special:BookSources/9781593270100"><bdi>9781593270100</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Apple+Confidential+2.0%3A+The+Definitive+History+of+the+World%27s+Most+Colorful+Company&rft.pages=4-5&rft.pub=No+Starch+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9781593270100&rft.aulast=Linzmayer&rft.aufirst=Owen+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer20045-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinzmayer20045_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinzmayer20045_16-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFLinzmayer2004">Linzmayer 2004</a>, p. 5. </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Grady2009" class="citation book cs1">O'Grady, Jason D. (2009). Apple Inc. ABC-CLIO. p. 3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780313362446" title="Special:BookSources/9780313362446"><bdi>9780313362446</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Apple+Inc.&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780313362446&rft.aulast=O%27Grady&rft.aufirst=Jason+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201562-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201562_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201562_18-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFIsaacson2015">Isaacson 2015</a>, p. 62. </li> <li id="cite_note-AI-19"><a href="#cite_ref-AI_19-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://appleinsider.com/articles/10/12/06/apple_co_founder_offered_first_computer_design_to_hp_5_times">"Apple co-founder offered first computer design to HP 5 times"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AppleInsider" class="mw-redirect" title="AppleInsider">AppleInsider</a>. December 7, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130618142905/http://appleinsider.com/articles/10/12/06/apple_co_founder_offered_first_computer_design_to_hp_5_times">Archived</a> from the original on June 18, 2013. Retrieved November 24, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apple+co-founder+offered+first+computer+design+to+HP+5+times&rft.pub=AppleInsider&rft.date=2010-12-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fappleinsider.com%2Farticles%2F10%2F12%2F06%2Fapple_co_founder_offered_first_computer_design_to_hp_5_times&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer20045–6-20">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinzmayer20045–6_20-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinzmayer20045–6_20-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinzmayer20045–6_20-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFLinzmayer2004">Linzmayer 2004</a>, pp. 5–6. </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchlender2016" class="citation book cs1">Schlender, Brent; Tetzeli, Rick (2016). Becoming Steve Jobs: The Evolution of a Reckless Upstart into a Visionary Leader. Crown Business; Reprint edition. pp. 37–39. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780385347426" title="Special:BookSources/9780385347426"><bdi>9780385347426</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Becoming+Steve+Jobs%3A+The+Evolution+of+a+Reckless+Upstart+into+a+Visionary+Leader&rft.pages=37-39&rft.pub=Crown+Business%3B+Reprint+edition&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9780385347426&rft.aulast=Schlender&rft.aufirst=Brent&rft.au=Tetzeli%2C+Rick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWozniak2007" class="citation book cs1">Wozniak, Steve; <a href="/wiki/Gina_Smith_(author)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gina Smith (author)">Smith, Gina</a> (2007). <a href="/wiki/IWoz:_Computer_Geek_to_Cult_Icon:_How_I_Invented_the_Personal_Computer,_Co-Founded_Apple,_and_Had_Fun_Doing_It" class="mw-redirect" title="IWoz: Computer Geek to Cult Icon: How I Invented the Personal Computer, Co-Founded Apple, and Had Fun Doing It">iWoz: Computer Geek to Cult Icon</a>. <a href="/wiki/W._W._Norton_%26_Company" title="W. W. Norton & Company">W. W. Norton & Company</a>. p. 173. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780393066869" title="Special:BookSources/9780393066869"><bdi>9780393066869</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=iWoz%3A+Computer+Geek+to+Cult+Icon&rft.pages=173&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780393066869&rft.aulast=Wozniak&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft.au=Smith%2C+Gina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer20048-23"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinzmayer20048_23-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLinzmayer2004">Linzmayer 2004</a>, p. 8. </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJanoff2018" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rob_Janoff" title="Rob Janoff">Janoff, Rob</a> (March 22, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://robjanoff.com/applelogo/">"The Apple Logo Story"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240624212122/https://robjanoff.com/applelogo/">Archived</a> from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved February 2, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Apple+Logo+Story&rft.date=2018-03-22&rft.aulast=Janoff&rft.aufirst=Rob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frobjanoff.com%2Fapplelogo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2015" class="citation news cs1">Williams, Rhiannon (April 1, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/apple/11507451/Apple-celebrates-39th-year-on-April-1.html">"Apple celebrates 39th year on April 1"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Telegraph</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/apple/11507451/Apple-celebrates-39th-year-on-April-1.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 12, 2022. Retrieved July 12, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Apple+celebrates+39th+year+on+April+1&rft.date=2015-04-01&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Rhiannon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Ftechnology%2Fapple%2F11507451%2FApple-celebrates-39th-year-on-April-1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchlender201639-26"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchlender201639_26-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchlender2016">Schlender 2016</a>, p. 39. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESwaine2014336–338-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESwaine2014336–338_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESwaine2014336–338_27-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESwaine2014336–338_27-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFSwaine2014">Swaine 2014</a>, pp. 336–338. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201565–66-28"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201565–66_28-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFIsaacson2015">Isaacson 2015</a>, pp. 65–66. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer20046–8-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinzmayer20046–8_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinzmayer20046–8_29-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinzmayer20046–8_29-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFLinzmayer2004">Linzmayer 2004</a>, pp. 6–8. </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIsaacson2015" class="citation book cs1">Isaacson, Walter (2015). Steve Jobs. Simon and Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781501127625" title="Special:BookSources/9781501127625"><bdi>9781501127625</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Steve+Jobs&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781501127625&rft.aulast=Isaacson&rft.aufirst=Walter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> p. 63 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchlender201639–40-31"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchlender201639–40_31-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchlender2016">Schlender 2016</a>, pp. 39–40. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201566-32"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201566_32-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFIsaacson2015">Isaacson 2015</a>, p. 66. </li> <li id="cite_note-iCon-p35-33"><a href="#cite_ref-iCon-p35_33-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoungWilliam_L._Simon2005" class="citation book cs1">Young, Jeffrey; William L. Simon (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/iconstevejobsgre00jeff/page/35">iCon Steve Jobs: The Greatest Second Act in the History of Business</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hoboken,_New_Jersey" title="Hoboken, New Jersey">Hoboken, New Jersey</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley & Sons">John Wiley & Sons</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/iconstevejobsgre00jeff/page/35">35</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-471-72083-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-471-72083-6"><bdi>978-0-471-72083-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=iCon+Steve+Jobs%3A+The+Greatest+Second+Act+in+the+History+of+Business&rft.place=Hoboken%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pages=35&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-471-72083-6&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft.au=William+L.+Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ficonstevejobsgre00jeff%2Fpage%2F35&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer20047-34"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinzmayer20047_34-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLinzmayer2004">Linzmayer 2004</a>, p. 7. </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWozniakSmith2007" class="citation book cs1">Wozniak, Steve; Smith, Gina (2007). iWoz: The Autobiography of the Man Who Started the Computer Revolution. Headline Publishing. p. 189. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7553-1408-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7553-1408-9"><bdi>978-0-7553-1408-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=iWoz%3A+The+Autobiography+of+the+Man+Who+Started+the+Computer+Revolution&rft.pages=189&rft.pub=Headline+Publishing&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7553-1408-9&rft.aulast=Wozniak&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft.au=Smith%2C+Gina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-wozniak198412-36"><a href="#cite_ref-wozniak198412_36-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliamsMoore1984" class="citation news cs1">Williams, Gregg; Moore, Rob (December 1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/byte-magazine-1984-12/1984_12_BYTE_09-13_Communications#page/n461/mode/2up">"The Apple Story / Part 1: Early History"</a>. BYTE (interview). pp. A67. Retrieved October 23, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BYTE&rft.atitle=The+Apple+Story+%2F+Part+1%3A+Early+History&rft.pages=A67&rft.date=1984-12&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Gregg&rft.au=Moore%2C+Rob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fbyte-magazine-1984-12%2F1984_12_BYTE_09-13_Communications%23page%2Fn461%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201567–68-37">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201567–68_37-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201567–68_37-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFIsaacson2015">Isaacson 2015</a>, pp. 67–68. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer20048–10-38">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinzmayer20048–10_38-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinzmayer20048–10_38-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinzmayer20048–10_38-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinzmayer20048–10_38-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinzmayer20048–10_38-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinzmayer20048–10_38-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinzmayer20048–10_38-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinzmayer20048–10_38-7">h</a> <a href="#CITEREFLinzmayer2004">Linzmayer 2004</a>, pp. 8–10. </li> <li id="cite_note-VintageNews-39">^ <a href="#cite_ref-VintageNews_39-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-VintageNews_39-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlazeski2017" class="citation news cs1">Blazeski, Goran (November 25, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thevintagenews.com/2017/11/25/apples-first-official-product-was-priced-at-666-66">"Apple-1, Steve Wozniak's hand-built creation, was Apple's first official product, priced at $666.66"</a>. The Vintage News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200726090158/https://www.thevintagenews.com/2017/11/25/apples-first-official-product-was-priced-at-666-66/">Archived</a> from the original on July 26, 2020. Retrieved November 24, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Vintage+News&rft.atitle=Apple-1%2C+Steve+Wozniak%27s+hand-built+creation%2C+was+Apple%27s+first+official+product%2C+priced+at+%24666.66&rft.date=2017-11-25&rft.aulast=Blazeski&rft.aufirst=Goran&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thevintagenews.com%2F2017%2F11%2F25%2Fapples-first-official-product-was-priced-at-666-66&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-iCon-p36-40"><a href="#cite_ref-iCon-p36_40-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoungWilliam_L._Simon2005" class="citation book cs1">Young, Jeffrey; William L. Simon (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/iconstevejobsgre00jeff/page/36">iCon Steve Jobs: The Greatest Second Act in the History of Business</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hoboken,_New_Jersey" title="Hoboken, New Jersey">Hoboken, New Jersey</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley & Sons">John Wiley & Sons</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/iconstevejobsgre00jeff/page/36">36</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-471-72083-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-471-72083-6"><bdi>978-0-471-72083-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=iCon+Steve+Jobs%3A+The+Greatest+Second+Act+in+the+History+of+Business&rft.place=Hoboken%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pages=36&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-471-72083-6&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft.au=William+L.+Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ficonstevejobsgre00jeff%2Fpage%2F36&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/7091190.stm">"Building the digital age"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. November 15, 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191003202603/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/7091190.stm">Archived</a> from the original on October 3, 2019. Retrieved November 24, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Building+the+digital+age&rft.date=2007-11-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Ftechnology%2F7091190.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer20047–8-42"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinzmayer20047–8_42-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLinzmayer2004">Linzmayer 2004</a>, pp. 7–8. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201569–70-43"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201569–70_43-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFIsaacson2015">Isaacson 2015</a>, pp. 69–70. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer200414-44"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinzmayer200414_44-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLinzmayer2004">Linzmayer 2004</a>, p. 14. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchlender201645–47-45">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchlender201645–47_45-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchlender201645–47_45-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchlender201645–47_45-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchlender201645–47_45-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchlender2016">Schlender 2016</a>, pp. 45–47. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201577–78-46">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201577–78_46-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201577–78_46-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFIsaacson2015">Isaacson 2015</a>, pp. 77–78. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer200411-47"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinzmayer200411_47-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLinzmayer2004">Linzmayer 2004</a>, p. 11. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchlender201648–50-48"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchlender201648–50_48-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchlender2016">Schlender 2016</a>, pp. 48–50. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer200421-49"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinzmayer200421_49-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLinzmayer2004">Linzmayer 2004</a>, p. 21. </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwaine2014" class="citation book cs1">Swaine, Michael (2014). Fire in the Valley: The Birth and Death of the Personal Computer. Pragmatic Bookshelf. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781680503524" title="Special:BookSources/9781680503524"><bdi>9781680503524</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fire+in+the+Valley%3A+The+Birth+and+Death+of+the+Personal+Computer&rft.pub=Pragmatic+Bookshelf&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781680503524&rft.aulast=Swaine&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> p. 344–346 </li> <li id="cite_note-wozniak197705-51"><a href="#cite_ref-wozniak197705_51-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWozniak1977" class="citation news cs1">Wozniak, Steve (May 1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/byte-magazine-1977-05/1977_05_BYTE_02-05_Interfacing#page/n35/mode/2up">"System Description / The Apple-II"</a>. BYTE. pp. 34–43. Retrieved November 21, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BYTE&rft.atitle=System+Description+%2F+The+Apple-II&rft.pages=34-43&rft.date=1977-05&rft.aulast=Wozniak&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fbyte-magazine-1977-05%2F1977_05_BYTE_02-05_Interfacing%23page%2Fn35%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.computerhistory.org/tdih/June/10">"June 10, 1977 – Apple II Released Today"</a>. This Day in History. Mountain View, CA: Computer History Museum. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240624212124/https://www.computerhistory.org/tdih/June/10/">Archived</a> from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved November 20, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=This+Day+in+History&rft.atitle=June+10%2C+1977+%E2%80%93+Apple+II+Released+Today&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.computerhistory.org%2Ftdih%2FJune%2F10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201571–74-53">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201571–74_53-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201571–74_53-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFIsaacson2015">Isaacson 2015</a>, pp. 71–74. </li> <li id="cite_note-wozorgAppleII-54"><a href="#cite_ref-wozorgAppleII_54-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWozniak" class="citation web cs1">Wozniak, Steve. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151226203330/http://archive.woz.org/letters/general/35.html">"woz.org: Comment From e-mail: Why didn't the early Apple II's use Fans?"</a>. woz.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.woz.org/letters/general/35.html">the original</a> on December 26, 2015. Retrieved November 26, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=woz.org%3A+Comment+From+e-mail%3A+Why+didn%27t+the+early+Apple+II%27s+use+Fans%3F&rft.pub=woz.org&rft.aulast=Wozniak&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.woz.org%2Fletters%2Fgeneral%2F35.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer200413–15-55">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinzmayer200413–15_55-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinzmayer200413–15_55-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinzmayer200413–15_55-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinzmayer200413–15_55-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFLinzmayer2004">Linzmayer 2004</a>, pp. 13–15. </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeyhrich2002" class="citation web cs1">Weyhrich, Steven (April 21, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.apple2history.org/history/ah04">"Apple II History Chapter 4"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240624212234/https://www.apple2history.org/history/ah04/">Archived</a> from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved January 23, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apple+II+History+Chapter+4&rft.date=2002-04-21&rft.aulast=Weyhrich&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.apple2history.org%2Fhistory%2Fah04&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-markoff19820705-57"><a href="#cite_ref-markoff19820705_57-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarkoff1982" class="citation news cs1">Markoff, John (July 5, 1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MjAEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA36">"Radio Shack: set apart from the rest of the field"</a>. InfoWorld. p. 36. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240624212230/https://books.google.com/books?id=MjAEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA36#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved February 10, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=InfoWorld&rft.atitle=Radio+Shack%3A+set+apart+from+the+rest+of+the+field&rft.pages=36&rft.date=1982-07-05&rft.aulast=Markoff&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMjAEAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA36&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBagnall2005" class="citation book cs1">Bagnall, Brian (2005). On the Edge: The Spectacular Rise and Fall of Commodore. Variant Press. pp. 109–112. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9738649-0-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9738649-0-8"><bdi>978-0-9738649-0-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+the+Edge%3A+The+Spectacular+Rise+and+Fall+of+Commodore&rft.pages=109-112&rft.pub=Variant+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-9738649-0-8&rft.aulast=Bagnall&rft.aufirst=Brian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120606003537/http://www.jeremyreimer.com/total_share.html">"Personal Computer Market Share: 1975–2004"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jeremyreimer.com/total_share.html">the original</a> on June 6, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Personal+Computer+Market+Share%3A+1975%E2%80%932004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jeremyreimer.com%2Ftotal_share.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> The figures show Mac higher, but that is not a single model. </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChandlerHikinoNordenflycht2009" class="citation book cs1">Chandler, Alfred Dupont; Hikino, Takashi; Nordenflycht, Andrew Von (June 30, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wZ5s5vfAas4C&dq=the+home+computer+market+started+with&pg=PA135">Inventing the Electronic Century: The Epic Story of the Consumer Electronics and Computer Industries, with a new preface</a>. Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674029392" title="Special:BookSources/9780674029392"><bdi>9780674029392</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240624212121/https://books.google.com/books?id=wZ5s5vfAas4C&dq=the+home+computer+market+started+with&pg=PA135#v=onepage&q=the%20home%20computer%20market%20started%20with&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved February 2, 2023 – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inventing+the+Electronic+Century%3A+The+Epic+Story+of+the+Consumer+Electronics+and+Computer+Industries%2C+with+a+new+preface&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2009-06-30&rft.isbn=9780674029392&rft.aulast=Chandler&rft.aufirst=Alfred+Dupont&rft.au=Hikino%2C+Takashi&rft.au=Nordenflycht%2C+Andrew+Von&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwZ5s5vfAas4C%26dq%3Dthe%2Bhome%2Bcomputer%2Bmarket%2Bstarted%2Bwith%26pg%3DPA135&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer200417–20-61"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinzmayer200417–20_61-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLinzmayer2004">Linzmayer 2004</a>, pp. 17–20. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201584–85-62"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201584–85_62-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFIsaacson2015">Isaacson 2015</a>, p. 84–85. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchlender201665–66-63"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchlender201665–66_63-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchlender2016">Schlender 2016</a>, pp. 65–66. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Grady20096-64"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Grady20096_64-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFO'Grady2009">O'Grady 2009</a>, p. 6. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer200481–82-65"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinzmayer200481–82_65-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLinzmayer2004">Linzmayer 2004</a>, pp. 81–82. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer200441–42-66">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinzmayer200441–42_66-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinzmayer200441–42_66-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFLinzmayer2004">Linzmayer 2004</a>, pp. 41–42. </li> <li id="cite_note-green198007-67"><a href="#cite_ref-green198007_67-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreen1980" class="citation news cs1">Green, Wayne (July 1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/kilobaudmagazine-1980-07/Kilobaud_Microcomputing_1980_July#page/n5/mode/2up">"Publisher's Remarks"</a>. Kilobaud. p. 6. Retrieved June 23, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kilobaud&rft.atitle=Publisher%27s+Remarks&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1980-07&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Wayne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fkilobaudmagazine-1980-07%2FKilobaud_Microcomputing_1980_July%23page%2Fn5%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> Financial Times, Paul Betts: Apple Computer plans to go public August 29, 1980, pg. 16 </li> <li id="cite_note-Apple_FAQ-69"><a href="#cite_ref-Apple_FAQ_69-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://investor.apple.com/faq/default.aspx#:~:text=Apple%20went%20public%20on%20December,10.">"Frequently Asked Questions"</a>. Apple Inc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200312205405/https://investor.apple.com/faq/default.aspx#:~:text=Apple%20went%20public%20on%20December,10.">Archived</a> from the original on March 12, 2020. Retrieved November 30, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frequently+Asked+Questions&rft.pub=Apple+Inc.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finvestor.apple.com%2Ffaq%2Fdefault.aspx%23%3A~%3Atext%3DApple%2520went%2520public%2520on%2520December%2C10.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-EDNAAPLSTOCK-70">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EDNAAPLSTOCK_70-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-EDNAAPLSTOCK_70-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeffree2018" class="citation web cs1">Deffree, Suzanne (December 12, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.edn.com/apple-ipo-makes-instant-millionaires-december-12-1980">"Apple IPO makes instant millionaires, December 12, 1980"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240624212246/https://www.edn.com/apple-ipo-makes-instant-millionaires-december-12-1980/">Archived</a> from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved January 23, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apple+IPO+makes+instant+millionaires%2C+December+12%2C+1980&rft.date=2018-12-12&rft.aulast=Deffree&rft.aufirst=Suzanne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.edn.com%2Fapple-ipo-makes-instant-millionaires-december-12-1980&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CNBC-71">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CNBC_71-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CNBC_71-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin2017" class="citation web cs1">Martin, Emmie (April 21, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2017/04/21/why-apple-co-founder-steve-wozniak-doesnt-trust-money.html">"Why Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak doesn't trust money"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190807095758/https://www.cnbc.com/2017/04/21/why-apple-co-founder-steve-wozniak-doesnt-trust-money.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 7, 2019. Retrieved October 19, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=Why+Apple+co-founder+Steve+Wozniak+doesn%27t+trust+money&rft.date=2017-04-21&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Emmie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2017%2F04%2F21%2Fwhy-apple-co-founder-steve-wozniak-doesnt-trust-money.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DEDIPO-72">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DEDIPO_72-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DEDIPO_72-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDilger2013" class="citation web cs1">Dilger, Daniel Eran (December 12, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://appleinsider.com/articles/13/12/12/apple-inc-stock-ipo-created-300-millionaires-33-years-ago-today">"Apple, Inc. stock IPO created 300 millionaires 33 years ago today"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AppleInsider" class="mw-redirect" title="AppleInsider">AppleInsider</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190330102914/https://appleinsider.com/articles/13/12/12/apple-inc-stock-ipo-created-300-millionaires-33-years-ago-today">Archived</a> from the original on March 30, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AppleInsider&rft.atitle=Apple%2C+Inc.+stock+IPO+created+300+millionaires+33+years+ago+today&rft.date=2013-12-12&rft.aulast=Dilger&rft.aufirst=Daniel+Eran&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fappleinsider.com%2Farticles%2F13%2F12%2F12%2Fapple-inc-stock-ipo-created-300-millionaires-33-years-ago-today&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pophistorydig.com/topics/tag/apple-computer-ipo">"Apple, Rising"</a>. The Pop History Dig.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Pop+History+Dig&rft.atitle=Apple%2C+Rising&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pophistorydig.com%2Ftopics%2Ftag%2Fapple-computer-ipo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hogan19810831-74"><a href="#cite_ref-hogan19810831_74-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHogan1981" class="citation news cs1">Hogan, Thom (August 31, 1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rD0EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA6">"From Zero to a Billion in Five Years"</a>. InfoWorld. pp. 6–7. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240624213642/https://books.google.com/books?id=rD0EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA6#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved February 15, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=InfoWorld&rft.atitle=From+Zero+to+a+Billion+in+Five+Years&rft.pages=6-7&rft.date=1981-08-31&rft.aulast=Hogan&rft.aufirst=Thom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrD0EAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hogan19810914state-75"><a href="#cite_ref-hogan19810914state_75-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHogan1981" class="citation news cs1">Hogan, Thom (September 14, 1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Mj0EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA10">"State of Microcomputing / Some Horses Running Neck and Neck"</a>. pp. 10–12. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240624213643/https://books.google.com/books?id=Mj0EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA10#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved April 8, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=State+of+Microcomputing+%2F+Some+Horses+Running+Neck+and+Neck&rft.pages=10-12&rft.date=1981-09-14&rft.aulast=Hogan&rft.aufirst=Thom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMj0EAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mace1984-76">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mace1984_76-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mace1984_76-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMace1984" class="citation news cs1">Mace, Scott (April 9, 1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jC4EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA54">"Apple IIe Sales Surge as IIc is Readied"</a>. InfoWorld. pp. 54–55. Retrieved February 4, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=InfoWorld&rft.atitle=Apple+IIe+Sales+Surge+as+IIc+is+Readied&rft.pages=54-55&rft.date=1984-04-09&rft.aulast=Mace&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjC4EAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA54&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-byte198501-77">^ <a href="#cite_ref-byte198501_77-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-byte198501_77-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliamsMoore1985" class="citation news cs1">Williams, Gregg; Moore, Rob (January 1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/BYTE_Vol_10-01_1985-01_Through_The_Hourglass/page/n167">"The Apple Story / Part 2: More History and the Apple III"</a>. BYTE (interview). p. 166. Retrieved October 26, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BYTE&rft.atitle=The+Apple+Story+%2F+Part+2%3A+More+History+and+the+Apple+III&rft.pages=166&rft.date=1985-01&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Gregg&rft.au=Moore%2C+Rob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FBYTE_Vol_10-01_1985-01_Through_The_Hourglass%2Fpage%2Fn167&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mcmullen19840221-78">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mcmullen19840221_78-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mcmullen19840221_78-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mcmullen19840221_78-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcMullen,_Barbara_E.John_F.1984" class="citation news cs1">McMullen, Barbara E.; John F. (February 21, 1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UCIvSU6Y2GAC&pg=PA120">"Apple Charts The Course For IBM"</a>. PC Magazine. p. 122. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240624213644/https://books.google.com/books?id=UCIvSU6Y2GAC&pg=PA120#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved October 24, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PC+Magazine&rft.atitle=Apple+Charts+The+Course+For+IBM&rft.pages=122&rft.date=1984-02-21&rft.au=McMullen%2C+Barbara+E.&rft.au=John+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUCIvSU6Y2GAC%26pg%3DPA120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pollack19810813-79"><a href="#cite_ref-pollack19810813_79-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPollack1981" class="citation news cs1">Pollack, Andrew (August 13, 1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1981/08/13/business/big-ibm-s-little-computer.html">"Big I.B.M.'s Little Computer"</a>. The New York Times. p. D1. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200521133837/https://www.nytimes.com/1981/08/13/business/big-ibm-s-little-computer.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 21, 2020. Retrieved March 16, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Big+I.B.M.%27s+Little+Computer&rft.pages=D1&rft.date=1981-08-13&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Pollack&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1981%2F08%2F13%2Fbusiness%2Fbig-ibm-s-little-computer.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-isaacson2013-80">^ <a href="#cite_ref-isaacson2013_80-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-isaacson2013_80-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-isaacson2013_80-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIsaacson2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Isaacson" title="Walter Isaacson">Isaacson, Walter</a> (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8U2oAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA135">Steve Jobs</a>. Simon and Schuster. p. 135. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1451648546" title="Special:BookSources/978-1451648546"><bdi>978-1451648546</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240624213843/https://books.google.com/books?id=8U2oAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA135#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved November 1, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Steve+Jobs&rft.pages=135&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1451648546&rft.aulast=Isaacson&rft.aufirst=Walter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8U2oAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA135&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pollack19830327-81">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pollack19830327_81-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-pollack19830327_81-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-pollack19830327_81-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-pollack19830327_81-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPollack1983" class="citation news cs1">Pollack, Andrew (March 27, 1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1983/03/27/business/big-ibm-has-done-it-again.html">"Big I.B.M. Has Done It Again"</a>. The New York Times. p. Section 3, Page 1. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200521110634/https://www.nytimes.com/1983/03/27/business/big-ibm-has-done-it-again.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 21, 2020. Retrieved March 16, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Big+I.B.M.+Has+Done+It+Again&rft.pages=Section+3%2C+Page+1&rft.date=1983-03-27&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Pollack&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1983%2F03%2F27%2Fbusiness%2Fbig-ibm-has-done-it-again.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-rosen19811130-82"><a href="#cite_ref-rosen19811130_82-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosen_Research1981" class="citation news cs1">Rosen Research (November 30, 1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SD0EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA86">"From the Rosen Electronics Letter / IBM's impact on microcomputer manufacturers"</a>. InfoWorld. pp. 86–87. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230310064439/https://books.google.com/books?id=SD0EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA86">Archived</a> from the original on March 10, 2023. Retrieved January 25, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=InfoWorld&rft.atitle=From+the+Rosen+Electronics+Letter+%2F+IBM%27s+impact+on+microcomputer+manufacturers&rft.pages=86-87&rft.date=1981-11-30&rft.au=Rosen+Research&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSD0EAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA86&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lemmons198412-83">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lemmons198412_83-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lemmons198412_83-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLemmons1984" class="citation magazine cs1">Lemmons, Phil (December 1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/byte-magazine-1984-12/1984_12_BYTE_09-13_Communications#page/n399/mode/2up">"Apple and Its Personal Computers"</a>. BYTE. p. A4.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BYTE&rft.atitle=Apple+and+Its+Personal+Computers&rft.pages=A4&rft.date=1984-12&rft.aulast=Lemmons&rft.aufirst=Phil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fbyte-magazine-1984-12%2F1984_12_BYTE_09-13_Communications%23page%2Fn399%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-dvorak19831128-84"><a href="#cite_ref-dvorak19831128_84-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDvorak1983" class="citation news cs1">Dvorak, John C. (November 28, 1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sy8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA188">"Inside Track"</a>. InfoWorld. p. 188. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230309181238/https://books.google.com/books?id=sy8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA188">Archived</a> from the original on March 9, 2023. Retrieved March 23, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=InfoWorld&rft.atitle=Inside+Track&rft.pages=188&rft.date=1983-11-28&rft.aulast=Dvorak&rft.aufirst=John+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dsy8EAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA188&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-iw19811005-85"><a href="#cite_ref-iw19811005_85-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JT0EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA3">"Welcome, IBM. Seriously"</a>. InfoWorld. October 5, 1981. p. 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240624213755/https://books.google.com/books?id=JT0EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA3#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved March 20, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=InfoWorld&rft.atitle=Welcome%2C+IBM.+Seriously.&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1981-10-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJT0EAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cv1UAAAAMAAJ">"Table 2: United States (1978–1982)"</a>. Computers and People. 33–36. Berkeley Enterprises: 19. 1984. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240624213845/https://books.google.com/books?id=cv1UAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved November 26, 2021. <q>Apple (all models)   7,000,000</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computers+and+People&rft.atitle=Table+2%3A+United+States+%281978%E2%80%931982%29&rft.volume=33%E2%80%9336&rft.pages=19&rft.date=1984&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dcv1UAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-sanger19850805-87"><a href="#cite_ref-sanger19850805_87-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanger1985" class="citation news cs1">Sanger, David E. (August 5, 1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1985/08/05/us/philip-estridge-dies-in-jet-crash-guided-ibm-personal-computer.html">"Philip Estridge Dies in Jet Crash; Guided IBM Personal Computer"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101205224753/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?sec=technology&res=9803E7D61038F936A3575BC0A963948260">Archived</a> from the original on December 5, 2010. Retrieved October 19, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Philip+Estridge+Dies+in+Jet+Crash%3B+Guided+IBM+Personal+Computer&rft.date=1985-08-05&rft.aulast=Sanger&rft.aufirst=David+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1985%2F08%2F05%2Fus%2Fphilip-estridge-dies-in-jet-crash-guided-ibm-personal-computer.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-greenwald19830711-88"><a href="#cite_ref-greenwald19830711_88-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenwald1983" class="citation magazine cs1">Greenwald, John (July 11, 1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,949693-2,00.html">"The Colossus That Works"</a>. TIME. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080514004334/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,949693-2,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 14, 2008. Retrieved May 18, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TIME&rft.atitle=The+Colossus+That+Works&rft.date=1983-07-11&rft.aulast=Greenwald&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C949693-2%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bulman19841105-89"><a href="#cite_ref-bulman19841105_89-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBulman1984" class="citation news cs1">Bulman, Philip (November 5, 1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newspapers.com/clip/31277231/fort_lauderdale_news">"Big time: IBM skillfully revives lackluster sales of PCjr"</a>. Fort Lauderdale News. p. 47. Retrieved May 5, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fort+Lauderdale+News&rft.atitle=Big+time%3A+IBM+skillfully+revives+lackluster+sales+of+PCjr&rft.pages=47&rft.date=1984-11-05&rft.aulast=Bulman&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F31277231%2Ffort_lauderdale_news&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-libes198509-90"><a href="#cite_ref-libes198509_90-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLibes1985" class="citation news cs1">Libes, Sol (September 1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/byte-magazine-1985-09/1985_09_BYTE_10-09_Homebrewing#page/n401/mode/2up">"The Top Ten"</a>. BYTE. p. 418. Retrieved October 27, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BYTE&rft.atitle=The+Top+Ten&rft.pages=418&rft.date=1985-09&rft.aulast=Libes&rft.aufirst=Sol&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fbyte-magazine-1985-09%2F1985_09_BYTE_10-09_Homebrewing%23page%2Fn401%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kennedy_1985-91"><a href="#cite_ref-Kennedy_1985_91-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennedy1985" class="citation news cs1">Kennedy, Don (April 16, 1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rtmJgtfaxz8C&pg=PA42">"PCs Rated Number One"</a>. PC Magazine. p. 42. Retrieved October 28, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PC+Magazine&rft.atitle=PCs+Rated+Number+One&rft.pages=42&rft.date=1985-04-16&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=Don&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrtmJgtfaxz8C%26pg%3DPA42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mac-history.net/2010/03/22/apple-and-xerox-parc/">"Did Steve Jobs steal everything from Xerox PARC?"</a>. March 22, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Did+Steve+Jobs+steal+everything+from+Xerox+PARC%3F&rft.date=2010-03-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mac-history.net%2F2010%2F03%2F22%2Fapple-and-xerox-parc%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100323110634/http://www.vectronicsappleworld.com/macintosh/creation.html">"Apple Lore: The creation of the Macintosh"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vectronicsappleworld.com/macintosh/creation.html">the original</a> on March 23, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apple+Lore%3A+The+creation+of+the+Macintosh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvectronicsappleworld.com%2Fmacintosh%2Fcreation.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.stanford.edu/dept/SUL/sites/mac/parc.html">"The Xerox PARC Visit"</a>. web.stanford.edu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210924110717/https://web.stanford.edu/dept/SUL/sites/mac/parc.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2021. Retrieved November 4, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=web.stanford.edu&rft.atitle=The+Xerox+PARC+Visit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.stanford.edu%2Fdept%2FSUL%2Fsites%2Fmac%2Fparc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080723144112/http://www.fool.com/news/foth/2000/foth000918.htm">"How Xerox Forfeited the PC War"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fool.com/news/foth/2000/foth000918.htm">the original</a> on July 23, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+Xerox+Forfeited+the+PC+War&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fool.com%2Fnews%2Ffoth%2F2000%2Ffoth000918.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-sanger19841119-96"><a href="#cite_ref-sanger19841119_96-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanger1984" class="citation news cs1">Sanger, David E. (November 19, 1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1984/11/19/business/ibm-entry-unchallenged-at-show.html">"I.B.M. Entry Unchallenged at Show"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240624215208/https://www.nytimes.com/1984/11/19/business/ibm-entry-unchallenged-at-show.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved July 3, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=I.B.M.+Entry+Unchallenged+at+Show&rft.date=1984-11-19&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Sanger&rft.aufirst=David+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1984%2F11%2F19%2Fbusiness%2Fibm-entry-unchallenged-at-show.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060428071658/http://www.digibarn.com/collections/ads/apple-mac/index.htm">"Apple Macintosh 18 Page Brochure"</a>. DigiBarn Computer Museum. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.digibarn.com/collections/ads/apple-mac/index.htm">the original</a> on April 28, 2006. Retrieved April 24, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apple+Macintosh+18+Page+Brochure&rft.pub=DigiBarn+Computer+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.digibarn.com%2Fcollections%2Fads%2Fapple-mac%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedman" class="citation web cs1">Friedman, Ted. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19991005015117/http://www.duke.edu/~tlove/mac.htm">"Apple's 1984: The Introduction of the Macintosh in the Cultural History of Personal Computers"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.duke.edu/~tlove/mac.htm">the original</a> on October 5, 1999.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apple%27s+1984%3A+The+Introduction+of+the+Macintosh+in+the+Cultural+History+of+Personal+Computers&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.aufirst=Ted&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.duke.edu%2F~tlove%2Fmac.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManey2004" class="citation news cs1">Maney, Kevin (January 28, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/tech/columnist/kevinmaney/2004-01-28-maney_x.htm">"Apple's '1984' Super Bowl commercial still stands as watershed event"</a>. <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180313054828/https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/tech/columnist/kevinmaney/2004-01-28-maney_x.htm">Archived</a> from the original on March 13, 2018. Retrieved February 2, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Apple%27s+%271984%27+Super+Bowl+commercial+still+stands+as+watershed+event&rft.date=2004-01-28&rft.aulast=Maney&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fusatoday30.usatoday.com%2Ftech%2Fcolumnist%2Fkevinmaney%2F2004-01-28-maney_x.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-masterpiece-100"><a href="#cite_ref-masterpiece_100-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeopold2006" class="citation news cs1">Leopold, Todd (February 3, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2006/SHOWBIZ/02/02/eye.ent.commercials">"Why 2006 isn't like '1984'"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140405133016/http://edition.cnn.com/2006/SHOWBIZ/02/02/eye.ent.commercials">Archived</a> from the original on April 5, 2014. Retrieved May 10, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Why+2006+isn%27t+like+%271984%27&rft.date=2006-02-03&rft.aulast=Leopold&rft.aufirst=Todd&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2006%2FSHOWBIZ%2F02%2F02%2Feye.ent.commercials&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cellini-101"><a href="#cite_ref-cellini_101-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCellini2004" class="citation news cs1">Cellini, Adelia (January 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080626112220/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb197/is_200401/ai_n5556112">"The Story Behind Apple's '1984' TV commercial: Big Brother at 20"</a>. <a href="/wiki/MacWorld" class="mw-redirect" title="MacWorld">MacWorld</a> 21.1, page 18. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb197/is_200401/ai_n5556112">the original</a> on June 26, 2008. Retrieved May 9, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MacWorld+21.1%2C+page+18&rft.atitle=The+Story+Behind+Apple%27s+%271984%27+TV+commercial%3A+Big+Brother+at+20&rft.date=2004-01&rft.aulast=Cellini&rft.aufirst=Adelia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffindarticles.com%2Fp%2Farticles%2Fmi_hb197%2Fis_200401%2Fai_n5556112&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer2004110–113-102"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinzmayer2004110–113_102-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLinzmayer2004">Linzmayer 2004</a>, p. 110–113. </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/apple/4315904/Apple-Mac-computers-through-the-ages.html?image=1">"Apple Mac computers through the ages"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a>. January 23, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240624215210/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/apple/4315904/Apple-Mac-computers-through-the-ages.html?image=1">Archived</a> from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved November 25, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apple+Mac+computers+through+the+ages&rft.pub=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.date=2009-01-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Ftechnology%2Fapple%2F4315904%2FApple-Mac-computers-through-the-ages.html%3Fimage%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer200491-104"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinzmayer200491_104-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLinzmayer2004">Linzmayer 2004</a>, p. 91. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2015167–170-105"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2015167–170_105-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFIsaacson2015">Isaacson 2015</a>, p. 167–170. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchlender201682–83-106"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchlender201682–83_106-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchlender2016">Schlender 2016</a>, pp. 82–83. </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Times_They_Are_A-Changin-107"><a href="#cite_ref-The_Times_They_Are_A-Changin_107-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHertzfeld" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andy_Hertzfeld" title="Andy Hertzfeld">Hertzfeld, Andy</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.folklore.org/StoryView.py?project=Macintosh&story=The_Times_They_Are_A-Changin.txt">"The Times They Are A-Changin'"</a>. Folklore.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240624215215/https://www.folklore.org/StoryView.py?project=Macintosh&story=The_Times_They_Are_A-Changin.txt">Archived</a> from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved February 2, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Folklore.org&rft.atitle=The+Times+They+Are+A-Changin%27&rft.aulast=Hertzfeld&rft.aufirst=Andy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.folklore.org%2FStoryView.py%3Fproject%3DMacintosh%26story%3DThe_Times_They_Are_A-Changin.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Grady20098–10-108"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Grady20098–10_108-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFO'Grady2009">O'Grady 2009</a>, pp. 8–10. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2015109–112-109"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2015109–112_109-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFIsaacson2015">Isaacson 2015</a>, pp. 109–112. </li> <li id="cite_note-TheVerge-110"><a href="#cite_ref-TheVerge_110-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160312014832/http://www.theverge.com/2013/6/27/4468314/steve-wozniak-on-how-the-newton-changed-his-life">"Steve Wozniak on Newton, Tesla, and why the original Macintosh was a 'lousy' product"</a>. June 27, 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2013/6/27/4468314/steve-wozniak-on-how-the-newton-changed-his-life">the original</a> on March 12, 2016. Retrieved June 28, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Steve+Wozniak+on+Newton%2C+Tesla%2C+and+why+the+original+Macintosh+was+a+%27lousy%27+product&rft.date=2013-06-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2013%2F6%2F27%2F4468314%2Fsteve-wozniak-on-how-the-newton-changed-his-life&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-wozorg-111"><a href="#cite_ref-wozorg_111-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.woz.org/about">"About Steve Wozniak aka 'The Woz'"</a>. Woz.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170506213836/http://www.woz.org/about">Archived</a> from the original on May 6, 2017. Retrieved November 26, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Steve+Wozniak+aka+%27The+Woz%27&rft.pub=Woz.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.woz.org%2Fabout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wired-112"><a href="#cite_ref-Wired_112-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKahney2004" class="citation news cs1">Kahney, Leander (January 6, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140104172110/http://www.wired.com/gadgets/mac/news/2004/01/61730">"Wired News: We're All Mac Users Now"</a>. Wired News. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/gadgets/mac/news/2004/01/61730">the original</a> on January 4, 2014. Retrieved September 20, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired+News&rft.atitle=Wired+News%3A+We%27re+All+Mac+Users+Now&rft.date=2004-01-06&rft.aulast=Kahney&rft.aufirst=Leander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2Fgadgets%2Fmac%2Fnews%2F2004%2F01%2F61730&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jobsjourney-113"><a href="#cite_ref-Jobsjourney_113-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140410024515/http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/storysupplement/stevejobs/index.html">"America's Most Admired Companies: Jobs' journey timeline"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fortune_(magazine)" title="Fortune (magazine)">Fortune</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/storysupplement/stevejobs/index.html">the original</a> on April 10, 2014. Retrieved May 24, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fortune&rft.atitle=America%27s+Most+Admired+Companies%3A+Jobs%27+journey+timeline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2Fmagazines%2Ffortune%2Fstorysupplement%2Fstevejobs%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> Jobs and a team of engineers visit Xerox PARC, where they see a demo of mouse and graphical user interface </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2015185–187-114">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2015185–187_114-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2015185–187_114-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2015185–187_114-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFIsaacson2015">Isaacson 2015</a>, pp. 185–187. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchlender201684–88-115">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchlender201684–88_115-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchlender201684–88_115-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchlender201684–88_115-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchlender2016">Schlender 2016</a>, pp. 84–88. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer200498-116"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinzmayer200498_116-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLinzmayer2004">Linzmayer 2004</a>, p. 98. </li> <li id="cite_note-hotwyu-117"><a href="#cite_ref-hotwyu_117-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPolsson" class="citation web cs1">Polsson, Ken. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230319093501/https://pctimeline.info/apple/appl1984.htm">"Chronology of Apple Computer Personal Computers (1984–1985)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pctimeline.info/apple/appl1984.htm">the original</a> on March 19, 2023. Retrieved November 4, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chronology+of+Apple+Computer+Personal+Computers+%281984%E2%80%931985%29&rft.aulast=Polsson&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpctimeline.info%2Fapple%2Fappl1984.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDvorak2006" class="citation web cs1">Dvorak, John (November 26, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dvorak.org/blog/?page_id=8241">"Whatever Happened to Lotus Jazz?"</a>. Dvorak Uncensored. Retrieved January 21, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Whatever+Happened+to+Lotus+Jazz%3F&rft.pub=Dvorak+Uncensored&rft.date=2006-11-26&rft.aulast=Dvorak&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dvorak.org%2Fblog%2F%3Fpage_id%3D8241&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Worst_Business-119">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Worst_Business_119-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Worst_Business_119-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHormby2006" class="citation web cs1">Hormby, Thomas (October 2, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osnews.com/story/16036/Apples-Worst-Business-Decisions">"Apple's Worst Business Decisions"</a>. OS News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240624215215/https://www.osnews.com/story/16036/Apples-Worst-Business-Decisions/">Archived</a> from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved December 24, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apple%27s+Worst+Business+Decisions&rft.pub=OS+News&rft.date=2006-10-02&rft.aulast=Hormby&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osnews.com%2Fstory%2F16036%2FApples-Worst-Business-Decisions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guidebookgallery.org/ads/magazines/macos/macos10-newsweek">"1984 Newsweek Macintosh ads"</a>. GUIdebook, <a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200430171546/https://guidebookgallery.org/ads/magazines/macos/macos10-newsweek">Archived</a> from the original on April 30, 2020. Retrieved April 24, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1984+Newsweek+Macintosh+ads&rft.pub=GUIdebook%2C+Newsweek&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guidebookgallery.org%2Fads%2Fmagazines%2Fmacos%2Fmacos10-newsweek&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer2004156-121">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinzmayer2004156_121-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinzmayer2004156_121-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFLinzmayer2004">Linzmayer 2004</a>, p. 156. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2015153–154-122"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2015153–154_122-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFIsaacson2015">Isaacson 2015</a>, pp. 153–154. </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGallo2014" class="citation web cs1">Gallo, Carmine (January 22, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/11/12/how-steve-jobs-and-bill-gates-inspired-john-sculley-to-pursue-the-noble-cause/#9eaee3232bd5">"How Steve Jobs And Bill Gates Inspired John Sculley To Pursue The 'Noble Cause"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190331065556/https://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/11/12/how-steve-jobs-and-bill-gates-inspired-john-sculley-to-pursue-the-noble-cause/#9eaee3232bd5">Archived</a> from the original on March 31, 2019. Retrieved March 31, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=How+Steve+Jobs+And+Bill+Gates+Inspired+John+Sculley+To+Pursue+The+%27Noble+Cause&rft.date=2014-01-22&rft.aulast=Gallo&rft.aufirst=Carmine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fcarminegallo%2F2016%2F11%2F12%2Fhow-steve-jobs-and-bill-gates-inspired-john-sculley-to-pursue-the-noble-cause%2F%239eaee3232bd5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-robbeloth198510_11-124">^ <a href="#cite_ref-robbeloth198510_11_124-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-robbeloth198510_11_124-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobbeloth1985" class="citation news cs1">Robbeloth, DeWitt (October–November 1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/II_Computing_Vol_1_No_1_Oct_Nov_85_Premiere#page/n7/mode/2up">"Whither Apple?"</a>. II Computing. p. 8. Retrieved January 28, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=II+Computing&rft.atitle=Whither+Apple%3F&rft.pages=8&rft.date=1985-10%2F1985-11&rft.aulast=Robbeloth&rft.aufirst=DeWitt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2FII_Computing_Vol_1_No_1_Oct_Nov_85_Premiere%23page%2Fn7%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-rice19850415-125"><a href="#cite_ref-rice19850415_125-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRice1985" class="citation news cs1">Rice, Valerie (April 15, 1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zC4EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA35">"Unrecognized Apple II Employees Exit"</a>. <a href="/wiki/InfoWorld" title="InfoWorld">InfoWorld</a>. p. 35. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230301054845/https://books.google.com/books?id=zC4EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA35">Archived</a> from the original on March 1, 2023. Retrieved February 4, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=InfoWorld&rft.atitle=Unrecognized+Apple+II+Employees+Exit&rft.pages=35&rft.date=1985-04-15&rft.aulast=Rice&rft.aufirst=Valerie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzC4EAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA35&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-wozemployee-126">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wozemployee_126-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-wozemployee_126-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://woz.org/letters/never-left-apple">"I Never Left Apple"</a>. Officially Woz. January 3, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181002215223/http://woz.org/letters/never-left-apple/">Archived</a> from the original on October 2, 2018. Retrieved October 2, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Officially+Woz&rft.atitle=I+Never+Left+Apple&rft.date=2018-01-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwoz.org%2Fletters%2Fnever-left-apple&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/video/?/video/bestoftv/2011/08/25/exp.piers.wozniak.jobs.reaction.cnn">"CNN.com Video"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140203113642/http://www.cnn.com/video/?%2Fvideo%2Fbestoftv%2F2011%2F08%2F25%2Fexp.piers.wozniak.jobs.reaction.cnn">Archived</a> from the original on February 3, 2014. Retrieved July 16, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=CNN.com+Video&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2Fvideo%2F%3F%2Fvideo%2Fbestoftv%2F2011%2F08%2F25%2Fexp.piers.wozniak.jobs.reaction.cnn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-iWoz-128">^ <a href="#cite_ref-iWoz_128-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-iWoz_128-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWozniakSmith2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Steve_Wozniak" title="Steve Wozniak">Wozniak, Steve</a>; <a href="/wiki/Gina_Smith_(author)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gina Smith (author)">Smith, Gina</a> (2006). <a href="/wiki/IWoz:_Computer_Geek_to_Cult_Icon:_How_I_Invented_the_Personal_Computer,_Co-Founded_Apple,_and_Had_Fun_Doing_It" class="mw-redirect" title="IWoz: Computer Geek to Cult Icon: How I Invented the Personal Computer, Co-Founded Apple, and Had Fun Doing It">iWoz: Computer Geek to Cult Icon: How I Invented the Personal Computer, Co-Founded Apple, and Had Fun Doing It</a>. <a href="/wiki/W._W._Norton_%26_Company" title="W. W. Norton & Company">W. W. Norton & Company</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-06143-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-06143-7"><bdi>978-0-393-06143-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/502898652">502898652</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=iWoz%3A+Computer+Geek+to+Cult+Icon%3A+How+I+Invented+the+Personal+Computer%2C+Co-Founded+Apple%2C+and+Had+Fun+Doing+It&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F502898652&rft.isbn=978-0-393-06143-7&rft.aulast=Wozniak&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft.au=Smith%2C+Gina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-wozstock-129"><a href="#cite_ref-wozstock_129-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWozniak2000" class="citation interview cs1">Wozniak, Steve (February 24, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061019134707/http://www.fool.com/research/2000/features000302.htm">"The Other Steve"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Motley_Fool" title="The Motley Fool">The Motley Fool</a> (Interview). Interviewed by John Del Vecchio. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fool.com/research/2000/features000302.htm">the original</a> on October 19, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Motley+Fool&rft.atitle=The+Other+Steve&rft.date=2000-02-24&rft.aulast=Wozniak&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fool.com%2Fresearch%2F2000%2Ffeatures000302.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchlender201687–92-130"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchlender201687–92_130-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchlender2016">Schlender 2016</a>, pp. 87–92. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer2004156–157-131">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinzmayer2004156–157_131-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinzmayer2004156–157_131-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFLinzmayer2004">Linzmayer 2004</a>, pp. 156–157. </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpector1985" class="citation news cs1">Spector, G (September 24, 1985). "Apple's Jobs Starts New Firm, Targets Education Market". <a href="/wiki/PC_Week" class="mw-redirect" title="PC Week">PC Week</a>. p. 109.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PC+Week&rft.atitle=Apple%27s+Jobs+Starts+New+Firm%2C+Targets+Education+Market&rft.pages=109&rft.date=1985-09-24&rft.aulast=Spector&rft.aufirst=G&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/WorldWideWeb.html">"Tim Berners-Lee: WorldWideWeb, the first Web client"</a>. W3.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210501222006/https://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/WorldWideWeb.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 1, 2021. Retrieved February 1, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tim+Berners-Lee%3A+WorldWideWeb%2C+the+first+Web+client&rft.pub=W3.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FPeople%2FBerners-Lee%2FWorldWideWeb.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIsaacson" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Isaacson" title="Walter Isaacson">Isaacson, Walter</a>. Steve Jobs. <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1442369054" title="Special:BookSources/978-1442369054"><bdi>978-1442369054</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Steve+Jobs&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.isbn=978-1442369054&rft.aulast=Isaacson&rft.aufirst=Walter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1988/03/03/business/apple-buying-software-unit.html">"Apple Buying Software Unit"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. March 2, 1988. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240624215215/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/03/03/business/apple-buying-software-unit.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved August 29, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Apple+Buying+Software+Unit&rft.date=1988-03-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1988%2F03%2F03%2Fbusiness%2Fapple-buying-software-unit.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/28/business/company-news-apple-unit-buys-software-concern.html">"COMPANY NEWS; Apple Unit Buys Software Concern"</a>. The New York Times. June 27, 1988. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240624215215/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/28/business/company-news-apple-unit-buys-software-concern.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved August 29, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=COMPANY+NEWS%3B+Apple+Unit+Buys+Software+Concern&rft.date=1988-06-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1988%2F06%2F28%2Fbusiness%2Fcompany-news-apple-unit-buys-software-concern.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPitta1988" class="citation magazine cs1">Pitta, Julie (July 11, 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nnnqMuqnQHMC&pg=PP8">"Claris buys Nashoba Systems"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Computerworld" title="Computerworld">Computerworld</a>. Vol. 22, no. 28. p. 8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computerworld&rft.atitle=Claris+buys+Nashoba+Systems&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=28&rft.pages=8&rft.date=1988-07-11&rft.aulast=Pitta&rft.aufirst=Julie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnnnqMuqnQHMC%26pg%3DPP8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwaine1989" class="citation magazine cs1">Swaine, Michael (April 1, 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.drdobbs.com/apple-acquires-lisp-company/184408125">"Apple Acquires Lisp Company"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dr._Dobb%27s_Journal" title="Dr. Dobb's Journal">Dr. Dobb's Journal</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dr.+Dobb%27s+Journal&rft.atitle=Apple+Acquires+Lisp+Company&rft.date=1989-04-01&rft.aulast=Swaine&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drdobbs.com%2Fapple-acquires-lisp-company%2F184408125&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPitta1988" class="citation magazine cs1">Pitta, Julie (June 13, 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wL3IuM3qW4UC&pg=PA2-IA1">"Apple buys Orion, aims to mine SNA"</a>. Computerworld. Vol. 22, no. 24. p. 18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computerworld&rft.atitle=Apple+buys+Orion%2C+aims+to+mine+SNA&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=24&rft.pages=18&rft.date=1988-06-13&rft.aulast=Pitta&rft.aufirst=Julie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwL3IuM3qW4UC%26pg%3DPA2-IA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> Steve Jobs, official biography </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051207040434/http://thelongestlistofthelongeststuffatthelongestdomainnameatlonglast.com/first71.html">"First dot com .com ever in the world. symbolics.com cmu.edu purdue.edu rice.edu ucla.edu think.com css.gov mitre.org"</a>. Archived from the original on December 7, 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=First+dot+com+.com+ever+in+the+world.+symbolics.com+cmu.edu+purdue.edu+rice.edu+ucla.edu+think.com+css.gov+mitre.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthelongestlistofthelongeststuffatthelongestdomainnameatlonglast.com%2Ffirst71.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-alsop19960205-142">^ <a href="#cite_ref-alsop19960205_142-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-alsop19960205_142-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-alsop19960205_142-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlsop1996" class="citation magazine cs1">Alsop, Stewart (February 5, 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130518130342/http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,984054,00.html">"Apple of Sun's Eye"</a>. Time. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,984054,00.html">the original</a> on May 18, 2013. Retrieved February 23, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Apple+of+Sun%27s+Eye&rft.date=1996-02-05&rft.aulast=Alsop&rft.aufirst=Stewart&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fprintout%2F0%2C8816%2C984054%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-markoff19970901-143"><a href="#cite_ref-markoff19970901_143-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarkoff1997" class="citation news cs1">Markoff, John (September 1, 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1997/09/01/business/an-unknown-co-founder-leaves-after-20-years-of-glory-and-turmoil.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm">"An 'Unknown' Co-Founder Leaves After 20 Years of Glory and Turmoil"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111008123353/http://www.nytimes.com/1997/09/01/business/an-unknown-co-founder-leaves-after-20-years-of-glory-and-turmoil.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm">Archived</a> from the original on October 8, 2011. Retrieved February 4, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=An+%27Unknown%27+Co-Founder+Leaves+After+20+Years+of+Glory+and+Turmoil&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.aulast=Markoff&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1997%2F09%2F01%2Fbusiness%2Fan-unknown-co-founder-leaves-after-20-years-of-glory-and-turmoil.html%3Fpagewanted%3Dall%26src%3Dpm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-preimesberger20110225-144"><a href="#cite_ref-preimesberger20110225_144-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPreimesberger2011" class="citation news cs1">Preimesberger, Chris (February 25, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eweek.com/networking/how-apple-dodged-a-sun-buyout-former-execs-mcnealy-zander-tell-all/">"How Apple Dodged a Sun Buyout: Former CEOs McNealy, Zander Tell All"</a>. eWeek. Retrieved October 8, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=How+Apple+Dodged+a+Sun+Buyout%3A+Former+CEOs+McNealy%2C+Zander+Tell+All&rft.date=2011-02-25&rft.aulast=Preimesberger&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eweek.com%2Fnetworking%2Fhow-apple-dodged-a-sun-buyout-former-execs-mcnealy-zander-tell-all%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200818114819/http://www.remember-eworld.de/">"Remember eWorld"</a>. eWorld — a walkthrough. Archived from the original on August 18, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=eWorld+%E2%80%94+a+walkthrough&rft.atitle=Remember+eWorld&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.remember-eworld.de&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-lemjosh-146"><a href="#cite_ref-lemjosh_146-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoventry2006" class="citation web cs1">Coventry, Joshua (December 5, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lowendmac.com/2014/apples-from-other-orchards-apple-ii-clones/">"Apples From Other Orchards"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Low_End_Mac" class="mw-redirect" title="Low End Mac">Low End Mac</a>. Retrieved March 4, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apples+From+Other+Orchards&rft.pub=Low+End+Mac&rft.date=2006-12-05&rft.aulast=Coventry&rft.aufirst=Joshua&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flowendmac.com%2F2014%2Fapples-from-other-orchards-apple-ii-clones%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeale1997" class="citation news cs1">Beale, Steven (November 1997). "Apple Eliminates the Top Clone Vendor". Macworld. Vol. 14, no. 11. pp. 30–31.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Macworld&rft.atitle=Apple+Eliminates+the+Top+Clone+Vendor&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=30-31&rft.date=1997-11&rft.aulast=Beale&rft.aufirst=Steven&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTracy2023" class="citation web cs1">Tracy, Phillip (December 27, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://qz.com/apples-12-worst-product-failures-of-all-time-1851112540">"Apple's 12 worst product failures of all time"</a>. Quartz. Retrieved March 7, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Quartz&rft.atitle=Apple%27s+12+worst+product+failures+of+all+time&rft.date=2023-12-27&rft.aulast=Tracy&rft.aufirst=Phillip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fqz.com%2Fapples-12-worst-product-failures-of-all-time-1851112540&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lowendmac.com/2013/the-rise-and-fall-of-apples-gil-amelio">"The Rise and Fall of Apple's Gil Amelio"</a>. Low End Mac. August 10, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Low+End+Mac&rft.atitle=The+Rise+and+Fall+of+Apple%27s+Gil+Amelio&rft.date=2013-08-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flowendmac.com%2F2013%2Fthe-rise-and-fall-of-apples-gil-amelio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFinley2015" class="citation magazine cs1">Finley, Klint (May 29, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/2015/05/os-almost-made-apple-entirely-different-company/">"This OS Almost Made Apple an Entirely Different Company"</a>. Wired. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1059-1028">1059-1028</a>. Retrieved July 1, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=This+OS+Almost+Made+Apple+an+Entirely+Different+Company&rft.date=2015-05-29&rft.issn=1059-1028&rft.aulast=Finley&rft.aufirst=Klint&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2F2015%2F05%2Fos-almost-made-apple-entirely-different-company%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-apple-acquisition-151"><a href="#cite_ref-apple-acquisition_151-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020208190346/http://product.info.apple.com/pr/press.releases/1997/q1/961220.pr.rel.next.html">"Apple Computer, Inc. Agrees to Acquire NeXT Software Inc"</a> (Press release). Apple Computer. December 20, 1996. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://product.info.apple.com/pr/press.releases/1997/q1/961220.pr.rel.next.html">the original</a> on February 8, 2002. Retrieved June 13, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apple+Computer%2C+Inc.+Agrees+to+Acquire+NeXT+Software+Inc.&rft.pub=Apple+Computer&rft.date=1996-12-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fproduct.info.apple.com%2Fpr%2Fpress.releases%2F1997%2Fq1%2F961220.pr.rel.next.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaplan1997" class="citation news cs1">Kaplan, Karen (July 10, 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-jul-10-mn-11353-story.html">"Apple's CEO Is Ousted as Steve Jobs' Role Expands"</a>. Los Angeles Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304122550/http://articles.latimes.com/1997/jul/10/news/mn-11353">Archived</a> from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved April 5, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Apple%27s+CEO+Is+Ousted+as+Steve+Jobs%27+Role+Expands&rft.date=1997-07-10&rft.aulast=Kaplan&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1997-jul-10-mn-11353-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchlenderRick_Tetzeli2015" class="citation book cs1">Schlender, Brent; Rick Tetzeli (2015). Becoming Steve Jobs : the evolution of a reckless upstart into a visionary leader (First ed.). New York. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-385-34740-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-385-34740-2"><bdi>978-0-385-34740-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/856980982">856980982</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Becoming+Steve+Jobs+%3A+the+evolution+of+a+reckless+upstart+into+a+visionary+leader&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=First&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F856980982&rft.isbn=978-0-385-34740-2&rft.aulast=Schlender&rft.aufirst=Brent&rft.au=Rick+Tetzeli&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrimack2011" class="citation magazine cs1">Primack, Doug (August 24, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fortune.com/2011/08/24/fallen-apple-steve-jobs-resigns">"Fallen Apple: Steve Jobs resigns"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fortune_(magazine)" title="Fortune (magazine)">Fortune</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200114215936/https://fortune.com/2011/08/24/fallen-apple-steve-jobs-resigns/">Archived</a> from the original on January 14, 2020. Retrieved January 14, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fortune&rft.atitle=Fallen+Apple%3A+Steve+Jobs+resigns&rft.date=2011-08-24&rft.aulast=Primack&rft.aufirst=Doug&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffortune.com%2F2011%2F08%2F24%2Ffallen-apple-steve-jobs-resigns&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarreld1997" class="citation magazine cs1">Harreld, Heather (January 5, 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081206061012/http://www.fcw.com/print/3_1/news/64412-1.html?type=pf">"Apple gains tech, agency customers in Next deal"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Federal_Computer_Week" title="Federal Computer Week">Federal Computer Week</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fcw.com/print/3_1/news/64412-1.html?type=pf">the original</a> on December 6, 2008. Retrieved August 15, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Federal+Computer+Week&rft.atitle=Apple+gains+tech%2C+agency+customers+in+Next+deal&rft.date=1997-01-05&rft.aulast=Harreld&rft.aufirst=Heather&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fcw.com%2Fprint%2F3_1%2Fnews%2F64412-1.html%3Ftype%3Dpf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081113132409/http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-5564882_ITM">"Apple unveils new marketing strategy"</a>. Knight Ridder/Tribune News Service. November 1997. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-5564882_ITM">the original</a> on November 13, 2008. Retrieved August 15, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apple+unveils+new+marketing+strategy&rft.pub=Knight+Ridder%2FTribune+News+Service&rft.date=1997-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.accessmylibrary.com%2Fcoms2%2Fsummary_0286-5564882_ITM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Microsoft_investment-157">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Microsoft_investment_157-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Microsoft_investment_157-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.cnet.com/2100-1001-202143.html">"Microsoft to invest $150 million in Apple"</a>. CNET News. August 6, 1997. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111111011342/http://news.cnet.com/2100-1001-202143.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 11, 2011. Retrieved November 26, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Microsoft+to+invest+%24150+million+in+Apple&rft.pub=CNET+News&rft.date=1997-08-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.cnet.com%2F2100-1001-202143.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mac-history.net/2008/07/19/macworld-boston-1997-steve-jobs-returns-bill-gates-appeares-on-screen">"MacWorld Boston 1997 – Steve Jobs returns – Bill Gates appeares on-screen"</a>. Mac History. July 19, 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230124071855/https://www.mac-history.net/2008/07/19/macworld-boston-1997-steve-jobs-returns-bill-gates-appeares-on-screen/">Archived</a> from the original on January 24, 2023. Retrieved January 23, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mac+History&rft.atitle=MacWorld+Boston+1997+%E2%80%93+Steve+Jobs+returns+%E2%80%93+Bill+Gates+appeares+on-screen&rft.date=2008-07-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mac-history.net%2F2008%2F07%2F19%2Fmacworld-boston-1997-steve-jobs-returns-bill-gates-appeares-on-screen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=Apple+market+cap+August+5%2C+1997">"Apple market cap August 5, 1997 – Wolfram Alpha"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131018031902/http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=Apple+market+cap+August+5%2C+1997">Archived</a> from the original on October 18, 2013. Retrieved November 26, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apple+market+cap+August+5%2C+1997+%E2%80%93+Wolfram+Alpha&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wolframalpha.com%2Finput%2F%3Fi%3DApple%2Bmarket%2Bcap%2BAugust%2B5%252C%2B1997&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131129003410/https://www.fool.com/Calls/1997/Calls970717AAPL.htm">"Conference Call, 07/17/97 Apple Q3 '97"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fool.com/Calls/1997/Calls970717AAPL.htm">the original</a> on November 29, 2013. Retrieved November 26, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Conference+Call%2C+07%2F17%2F97+Apple+Q3+%2797&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fool.com%2FCalls%2F1997%2FCalls970717AAPL.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh" class="citation web cs1">Singh, Amit. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170707023201/http://osxbook.com/book/bonus/ancient/whatismacosx/arch_xnu.html">"What is Mac OS X? – XNU: The Kernel"</a>. Mac OS X Internals. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://osxbook.com/book/bonus/ancient/whatismacosx/arch_xnu.html">the original</a> on July 7, 2017. Retrieved May 25, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mac+OS+X+Internals&rft.atitle=What+is+Mac+OS+X%3F+%E2%80%93+XNU%3A+The+Kernel&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Amit&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fosxbook.com%2Fbook%2Fbonus%2Fancient%2Fwhatismacosx%2Farch_xnu.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101124103330/https://www.apple.com/ipodclassic/specs.html">"iPod Classic"</a>. Apple. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apple.com/ipodclassic/specs.html">the original</a> on November 24, 2010. Retrieved November 23, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Apple&rft.atitle=iPod+Classic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apple.com%2Fipodclassic%2Fspecs.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnet.com/news/apples-intel-switch-jobs-keynote-transcript">"Apple's Intel switch: Jobs' keynote transcript"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNET" title="CNET">CNET</a>. June 15, 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNET&rft.atitle=Apple%27s+Intel+switch%3A+Jobs%27+keynote+transcript&rft.date=2005-06-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnet.com%2Fnews%2Fapples-intel-switch-jobs-keynote-transcript&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2005/04/13Apple-Reports-Second-Quarter-Results">"Apple Reports Second Quarter Results"</a> (Press release). <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Inc.</a> April 13, 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170908063734/https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2005/04/13Apple-Reports-Second-Quarter-Results/">Archived</a> from the original on September 8, 2017. Retrieved May 25, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apple+Reports+Second+Quarter+Results&rft.pub=Apple+Inc.&rft.date=2005-04-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apple.com%2Fnewsroom%2F2005%2F04%2F13Apple-Reports-Second-Quarter-Results&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/lists/2004/11">"TOP500 List for November 2004"</a>. top500.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171107021918/https://www.top500.org/lists/2004/11/">Archived</a> from the original on November 7, 2017. Retrieved November 4, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TOP500+List+for+November+2004&rft.pub=top500.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Flists%2F2004%2F11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBetteridge2004" class="citation magazine cs1">Betteridge, Ian (August 31, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,1641125,00.asp">"Apple Unveils 'World's Thinnest Desktop'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/PC_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="PC Magazine">PC Magazine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ziff_Davis" title="Ziff Davis">Ziff Davis</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170908065648/https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,1641125,00.asp">Archived</a> from the original on September 8, 2017. Retrieved August 29, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PC+Magazine&rft.atitle=Apple+Unveils+%27World%27s+Thinnest+Desktop%27&rft.date=2004-08-31&rft.aulast=Betteridge&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcmag.com%2Farticle2%2F0%2C2817%2C1641125%2C00.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanford" class="citation web cs1">Sanford, Glen D. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apple-history.com/imac_g5">"iMac G5"</a>. apple-history. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230202044456/https://apple-history.com/imac_g5">Archived</a> from the original on February 2, 2023. Retrieved February 1, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=apple-history&rft.atitle=iMac+G5&rft.aulast=Sanford&rft.aufirst=Glen+D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapple-history.com%2Fimac_g5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGibson2004" class="citation web cs1">Gibson, Brad (September 1, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.macobserver.com/article/2004/09/01.4.shtml">"Apple Expo – Apple Exec: No G5 Laptop "Anytime Soon""</a>. macobserver.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060427052434/http://www.macobserver.com/article/2004/09/01.4.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on April 27, 2006. Retrieved May 4, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apple+Expo+%E2%80%93+Apple+Exec%3A+No+G5+Laptop+%22Anytime+Soon%22&rft.pub=macobserver.com&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.aulast=Gibson&rft.aufirst=Brad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.macobserver.com%2Farticle%2F2004%2F09%2F01.4.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShuey2015" class="citation news cs1">Shuey, Scott (October 27, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gulfnews.com/business/sectors/technology/is-apple-store-in-dubai-the-world-s-largest-1.1607915">"Is Apple Store in Dubai the world's largest?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Gulf_News" title="Gulf News">Gulf News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160817063318/http://gulfnews.com/business/sectors/technology/is-apple-store-in-dubai-the-world-s-largest-1.1607915">Archived</a> from the original on August 17, 2016. Retrieved July 20, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gulf+News&rft.atitle=Is+Apple+Store+in+Dubai+the+world%27s+largest%3F&rft.date=2015-10-27&rft.aulast=Shuey&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgulfnews.com%2Fbusiness%2Fsectors%2Ftechnology%2Fis-apple-store-in-dubai-the-world-s-largest-1.1607915&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.macrumors.com/2008/07/16/apple-sends-apology-letter-30-day-extension-to-mobileme-customers">"Apple Sends Apology Letter, 30-Day Extension to MobileMe Customers"</a>. MacRumors. July 16, 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230202020305/https://www.macrumors.com/2008/07/16/apple-sends-apology-letter-30-day-extension-to-mobileme-customers/">Archived</a> from the original on February 2, 2023. Retrieved February 2, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MacRumors&rft.atitle=Apple+Sends+Apology+Letter%2C+30-Day+Extension+to+MobileMe+Customers&rft.date=2008-07-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.macrumors.com%2F2008%2F07%2F16%2Fapple-sends-apology-letter-30-day-extension-to-mobileme-customers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2004/12/16iTunes-Music-Store-Downloads-Top-200-Million-Songs">"iTunes Music Store Downloads Top 200 Million Songs"</a> (Press release). <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Inc.</a> December 16, 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170908064601/https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2004/12/16iTunes-Music-Store-Downloads-Top-200-Million-Songs/">Archived</a> from the original on September 8, 2017. Retrieved May 25, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=iTunes+Music+Store+Downloads+Top+200+Million+Songs&rft.pub=Apple+Inc.&rft.date=2004-12-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apple.com%2Fnewsroom%2F2004%2F12%2F16iTunes-Music-Store-Downloads-Top-200-Million-Songs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2005/03/02iTunes-Music-Store-Downloads-Surpass-300-Million">"iTunes Music Store Downloads Surpass 300 Million"</a> (Press release). <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Inc.</a> March 2, 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170908110841/https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2005/03/02iTunes-Music-Store-Downloads-Surpass-300-Million/">Archived</a> from the original on September 8, 2017. Retrieved May 25, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=iTunes+Music+Store+Downloads+Surpass+300+Million&rft.pub=Apple+Inc.&rft.date=2005-03-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apple.com%2Fnewsroom%2F2005%2F03%2F02iTunes-Music-Store-Downloads-Surpass-300-Million&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2005/07/18iTunes-Music-Store-Downloads-Top-Half-a-Billion-Songs">"iTunes Music Store Downloads Top Half a Billion Songs"</a> (Press release). <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Inc.</a> July 18, 2005. Retrieved October 14, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=iTunes+Music+Store+Downloads+Top+Half+a+Billion+Songs&rft.pub=Apple+Inc.&rft.date=2005-07-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apple.com%2Fnewsroom%2F2005%2F07%2F18iTunes-Music-Store-Downloads-Top-Half-a-Billion-Songs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2006/02/23iTunes-Music-Store-Downloads-Top-One-Billion-Songs">"iTunes Music Store Downloads Top One Billion Songs"</a> (Press release). <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Inc.</a> February 23, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170908070033/https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2006/02/23iTunes-Music-Store-Downloads-Top-One-Billion-Songs/">Archived</a> from the original on September 8, 2017. Retrieved May 25, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=iTunes+Music+Store+Downloads+Top+One+Billion+Songs&rft.pub=Apple+Inc.&rft.date=2006-02-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apple.com%2Fnewsroom%2F2006%2F02%2F23iTunes-Music-Store-Downloads-Top-One-Billion-Songs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2010/02/25iTunes-Store-Tops-10-Billion-Songs-Sold">"iTunes Store Tops 10 Billion Songs Sold"</a> (Press release). Apple Inc. February 25, 2010. Retrieved May 25, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=iTunes+Store+Tops+10+Billion+Songs+Sold&rft.pub=Apple+Inc.&rft.date=2010-02-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apple.com%2Fnewsroom%2F2010%2F02%2F25iTunes-Store-Tops-10-Billion-Songs-Sold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2005/06/06Apple-to-Use-Intel-Microprocessors-Beginning-in-2006">"Apple to Use Intel Microprocessors Beginning in 2006"</a> (Press release). <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Inc.</a> June 6, 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180130185804/https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2005/06/06Apple-to-Use-Intel-Microprocessors-Beginning-in-2006">Archived</a> from the original on January 30, 2018. Retrieved May 25, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apple+to+Use+Intel+Microprocessors+Beginning+in+2006&rft.pub=Apple+Inc.&rft.date=2005-06-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apple.com%2Fnewsroom%2F2005%2F06%2F06Apple-to-Use-Intel-Microprocessors-Beginning-in-2006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.cnet.com/Apple-shakes-hands-with-Intel/2009-1006_3-5733319.html">"Apple shakes hands with Intel"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNET" title="CNET">CNET</a>. CBS Interactive. June 6, 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240624220746/https://www.cnet.com/">Archived</a> from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved May 4, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNET&rft.atitle=Apple+shakes+hands+with+Intel&rft.date=2005-06-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.cnet.com%2FApple-shakes-hands-with-Intel%2F2009-1006_3-5733319.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://appleinsider.com/articles/05/06/06/apple_confirms_switch_to_intel">"Apple confirms switch to Intel"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AppleInsider" class="mw-redirect" title="AppleInsider">AppleInsider</a>. June 6, 2005. Retrieved January 23, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AppleInsider&rft.atitle=Apple+confirms+switch+to+Intel&rft.date=2005-06-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fappleinsider.com%2Farticles%2F05%2F06%2F06%2Fapple_confirms_switch_to_intel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarkoffLohr2005" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Markoff" title="John Markoff">Markoff, John</a>; Lohr, Steve (June 6, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nytimes.com/2005/06/06/technology/06apple.html">"Apple Plans to Switch From I.B.M. to Intel Chips"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110513203030/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/06/technology/06apple.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 13, 2011. Retrieved May 4, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Apple+Plans+to+Switch+From+I.B.M.+to+Intel+Chips&rft.date=2005-06-06&rft.aulast=Markoff&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Lohr%2C+Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnytimes.com%2F2005%2F06%2F06%2Ftechnology%2F06apple.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2006/01/10Apple-Unveils-New-iMac-with-Intel-Core-Duo-Processor">"Apple Unveils New iMac with Intel Core Duo Processor"</a> (Press release). <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Inc.</a> January 10, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170908065936/https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2006/01/10Apple-Unveils-New-iMac-with-Intel-Core-Duo-Processor/">Archived</a> from the original on September 8, 2017. Retrieved May 25, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apple+Unveils+New+iMac+with+Intel+Core+Duo+Processor&rft.pub=Apple+Inc.&rft.date=2006-01-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apple.com%2Fnewsroom%2F2006%2F01%2F10Apple-Unveils-New-iMac-with-Intel-Core-Duo-Processor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2006/01/10Apple-Introduces-MacBook-Pro">"Apple Introduces MacBook Pro"</a> (Press release). <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Inc.</a> January 10, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100108140023/https://www.apple.com/pr/library/2006/jan/10macbookpro.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 8, 2010. Retrieved May 25, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apple+Introduces+MacBook+Pro&rft.pub=Apple+Inc.&rft.date=2006-01-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apple.com%2Fnewsroom%2F2006%2F01%2F10Apple-Introduces-MacBook-Pro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2011/01/18Apple-Reports-First-Quarter-Results">"Apple Reports First Quarter Results"</a> (Press release). Apple Inc. January 18, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170813190253/https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2011/01/18Apple-Reports-First-Quarter-Results/">Archived</a> from the original on August 13, 2017. Retrieved May 25, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apple+Reports+First+Quarter+Results&rft.pub=Apple+Inc.&rft.date=2011-01-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apple.com%2Fnewsroom%2F2011%2F01%2F18Apple-Reports-First-Quarter-Results&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHelftVance2010" class="citation web cs1">Helft, Miguel; <a href="/wiki/Ashlee_Vance" title="Ashlee Vance">Vance, Ashlee</a> (May 26, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/27/technology/27apple.html">"Apple Passes Microsoft as No. 1 in Tech"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170702024415/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/27/technology/27apple.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 2, 2017. Retrieved June 14, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Apple+Passes+Microsoft+as+No.+1+in+Tech&rft.date=2010-05-26&rft.aulast=Helft&rft.aufirst=Miguel&rft.au=Vance%2C+Ashlee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F05%2F27%2Ftechnology%2F27apple.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRigby2010" class="citation web cs1">Rigby, Bill (May 26, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-apple-stock-idUSTRE64P5PE20100526">"Apple overtakes Microsoft as biggest tech company"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. <a href="/wiki/Thomson_Reuters" title="Thomson Reuters">Thomson Reuters</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170421054932/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-apple-stock-idUSTRE64P5PE20100526">Archived</a> from the original on April 21, 2017. Retrieved June 14, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Apple+overtakes+Microsoft+as+biggest+tech+company&rft.date=2010-05-26&rft.aulast=Rigby&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-apple-stock-idUSTRE64P5PE20100526&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEllis2010" class="citation web cs1">Ellis, Blake (May 27, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.cnn.com/2010/05/26/technology/apple_microsoft/index.htm">"Apple topples Microsoft's throne"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNNMoney" class="mw-redirect" title="CNNMoney">CNNMoney</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170908065208/http://money.cnn.com/2010/05/26/technology/apple_microsoft/index.htm">Archived</a> from the original on September 8, 2017. Retrieved June 14, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNNMoney&rft.atitle=Apple+topples+Microsoft%27s+throne&rft.date=2010-05-27&rft.aulast=Ellis&rft.aufirst=Blake&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2F2010%2F05%2F26%2Ftechnology%2Fapple_microsoft%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlivka2010" class="citation web cs1">Slivka, Eric (October 28, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.macrumors.com/2010/10/28/apple-tops-microsoft-in-third-quarter-revenue">"Apple Tops Microsoft in Third Quarter Revenue"</a>. <a href="/wiki/MacRumors" title="MacRumors">MacRumors</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170908063449/https://www.macrumors.com/2010/10/28/apple-tops-microsoft-in-third-quarter-revenue/">Archived</a> from the original on September 8, 2017. Retrieved June 14, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MacRumors&rft.atitle=Apple+Tops+Microsoft+in+Third+Quarter+Revenue&rft.date=2010-10-28&rft.aulast=Slivka&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.macrumors.com%2F2010%2F10%2F28%2Fapple-tops-microsoft-in-third-quarter-revenue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSutherland2010" class="citation web cs1">Sutherland, Ed (October 29, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cultofmac.com/66698/apple-tops-microsoft-revenue-in-third-quarter/66698">"Apple Tops Microsoft Revenue in Third Quarter"</a>. Cult of Mac. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170908112536/https://www.cultofmac.com/66698/apple-tops-microsoft-revenue-in-third-quarter/66698/">Archived</a> from the original on September 8, 2017. Retrieved June 14, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cult+of+Mac&rft.atitle=Apple+Tops+Microsoft+Revenue+in+Third+Quarter&rft.date=2010-10-29&rft.aulast=Sutherland&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cultofmac.com%2F66698%2Fapple-tops-microsoft-revenue-in-third-quarter%2F66698&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Apple_Microsoft_revenue-188">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Apple_Microsoft_revenue_188-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Apple_Microsoft_revenue_188-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBright2011" class="citation web cs1">Bright, Peter (April 28, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2011/04/microsoft-beats-estimates-but-not-apple-in-third-quarter-earnings">"Microsoft beats estimates, but not Apple in third quarter earnings"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ars_Technica" title="Ars Technica">Ars Technica</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cond%C3%A9_Nast" title="Condé Nast">Condé Nast</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170908064230/https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2011/04/microsoft-beats-estimates-but-not-apple-in-third-quarter-earnings/">Archived</a> from the original on September 8, 2017. Retrieved June 14, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ars+Technica&rft.atitle=Microsoft+beats+estimates%2C+but+not+Apple+in+third+quarter+earnings&rft.date=2011-04-28&rft.aulast=Bright&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Finformation-technology%2F2011%2F04%2Fmicrosoft-beats-estimates-but-not-apple-in-third-quarter-earnings&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKopytoff2011" class="citation web cs1">Kopytoff, Verne G. (April 28, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/29/technology/29microsoft.html">"PC Sales Off, Games Buoy Microsoft"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170908112421/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/29/technology/29microsoft.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 8, 2017. Retrieved June 14, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=PC+Sales+Off%2C+Games+Buoy+Microsoft&rft.date=2011-04-28&rft.aulast=Kopytoff&rft.aufirst=Verne+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F04%2F29%2Ftechnology%2F29microsoft.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Apple_Microsoft_20_years-190">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Apple_Microsoft_20_years_190-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Apple_Microsoft_20_years_190-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Apple_Microsoft_20_years_190-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Apple_Microsoft_20_years_190-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArthur2011" class="citation web cs1">Arthur, Charles (April 28, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2011/apr/28/microsoft-falls-behind-apple">"Microsoft falls behind Apple for first time in 20 years"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131019115501/http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2011/apr/28/microsoft-falls-behind-apple">Archived</a> from the original on October 19, 2013. Retrieved June 14, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Microsoft+falls+behind+Apple+for+first+time+in+20+years&rft.date=2011-04-28&rft.aulast=Arthur&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftechnology%2F2011%2Fapr%2F28%2Fmicrosoft-falls-behind-apple&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2011/08/24Steve-Jobs-Resigns-as-CEO-of-Apple/">"Steve Jobs Resigns as CEO of Apple"</a> (Press release). Apple Inc. August 24, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210430185237/https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2011/08/24Steve-Jobs-Resigns-as-CEO-of-Apple/">Archived</a> from the original on April 30, 2021. Retrieved May 25, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Steve+Jobs+Resigns+as+CEO+of+Apple&rft.pub=Apple+Inc.&rft.date=2011-08-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apple.com%2Fnewsroom%2F2011%2F08%2F24Steve-Jobs-Resigns-as-CEO-of-Apple%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2012/10/29Apple-Announces-Changes-to-Increase-Collaboration-Across-Hardware-Software-Services">"Apple Announces Changes to Increase Collaboration Across Hardware, Software & Services"</a> (Press release). Apple Inc. October 29, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170609063314/https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2012/10/29Apple-Announces-Changes-to-Increase-Collaboration-Across-Hardware-Software-Services/">Archived</a> from the original on June 9, 2017. Retrieved May 25, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apple+Announces+Changes+to+Increase+Collaboration+Across+Hardware%2C+Software+%26+Services&rft.pub=Apple+Inc.&rft.date=2012-10-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apple.com%2Fnewsroom%2F2012%2F10%2F29Apple-Announces-Changes-to-Increase-Collaboration-Across-Hardware-Software-Services&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeifert2013" class="citation web cs1">Seifert, Dan (June 10, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2013/6/10/4407630/apple-announces-ios-7">"Apple announces iOS 7, 'biggest change' since the introduction of the iPhone, coming this fall"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Verge" title="The Verge">The Verge</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210605000558/https://www.theverge.com/2013/6/10/4407630/apple-announces-ios-7">Archived</a> from the original on June 5, 2021. Retrieved August 31, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=Apple+announces+iOS+7%2C+%27biggest+change%27+since+the+introduction+of+the+iPhone%2C+coming+this+fall&rft.date=2013-06-10&rft.aulast=Seifert&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2013%2F6%2F10%2F4407630%2Fapple-announces-ios-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2012/09/12Apple-Introduces-iPhone-5/">"Apple Introduces iPhone 5"</a> (Press release). Apple Inc. September 12, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170706045849/https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2012/09/12Apple-Introduces-iPhone-5/">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2017. Retrieved May 25, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apple+Introduces+iPhone+5&rft.pub=Apple+Inc.&rft.date=2012-09-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apple.com%2Fnewsroom%2F2012%2F09%2F12Apple-Introduces-iPhone-5%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBohn2012" class="citation web cs1">Bohn, Dieter (June 11, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2012/6/11/3078215/apple-macbook-pro-retina-display-2199-available">"Apple announces next-generation 15-inch MacBook Pro with Retina display, ships today for $2,199"</a>. The Verge. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161206201005/http://www.theverge.com/2012/6/11/3078215/apple-macbook-pro-retina-display-2199-available">Archived</a> from the original on December 6, 2016. Retrieved August 31, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=Apple+announces+next-generation+15-inch+MacBook+Pro+with+Retina+display%2C+ships+today+for+%242%2C199&rft.date=2012-06-11&rft.aulast=Bohn&rft.aufirst=Dieter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2012%2F6%2F11%2F3078215%2Fapple-macbook-pro-retina-display-2199-available&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRussell2015" class="citation web cs1">Russell, Kyle (March 9, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://techcrunch.com/2015/03/09/apple-introduces-a-reinvented-macbook-air">"Apple Introduces A Reinvented MacBook, Starting At $1299"</a>. <a href="/wiki/TechCrunch" title="TechCrunch">TechCrunch</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240624220800/https://techcrunch.com/2015/03/09/apple-introduces-a-reinvented-macbook-air/">Archived</a> from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved June 25, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TechCrunch&rft.atitle=Apple+Introduces+A+Reinvented+MacBook%2C+Starting+At+%241299&rft.date=2015-03-09&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=Kyle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftechcrunch.com%2F2015%2F03%2F09%2Fapple-introduces-a-reinvented-macbook-air&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2013/11/25/tech/innovation/apple-primesense-kinect/index.html">"Apple buys 3D company that helped make Kinect"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131126042940/http://www.cnn.com/2013/11/25/tech/innovation/apple-primesense-kinect/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 26, 2013. Retrieved November 25, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Apple+buys+3D+company+that+helped+make+Kinect&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2013%2F11%2F25%2Ftech%2Finnovation%2Fapple-primesense-kinect%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSumra2014" class="citation web cs1">Sumra, Husain (September 9, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.macrumors.com/2014/09/09/apple-announces-apple-watch">"Apple Announces Apple Watch, Available in Early 2015 From $349"</a>. <a href="/wiki/MacRumors" title="MacRumors">MacRumors</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150507102340/http://www.macrumors.com/2014/09/09/apple-announces-apple-watch/">Archived</a> from the original on May 7, 2015. Retrieved April 26, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MacRumors&rft.atitle=Apple+Announces+Apple+Watch%2C+Available+in+Early+2015+From+%24349&rft.date=2014-09-09&rft.aulast=Sumra&rft.aufirst=Husain&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.macrumors.com%2F2014%2F09%2F09%2Fapple-announces-apple-watch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReed2015" class="citation web cs1">Reed, Brad (April 8, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bgr.com/2015/04/08/apple-watch-reviews-criticism">"Apple Watch review roundup – what the critics are saying about Apple's newest device"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Boy_Genius_Report" title="Boy Genius Report">Boy Genius Report</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240624220810/https://bgr.com/general/apple-watch-reviews-criticism/">Archived</a> from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved April 26, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Boy+Genius+Report&rft.atitle=Apple+Watch+review+roundup+%E2%80%93+what+the+critics+are+saying+about+Apple%27s+newest+device&rft.date=2015-04-08&rft.aulast=Reed&rft.aufirst=Brad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbgr.com%2F2015%2F04%2F08%2Fapple-watch-reviews-criticism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2015/04/24/apple-watch-uk-release-date-price_n_5790330.html">"Apple Watch Available Now With Starting Price At £299"</a>. HuffPost UK. September 9, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150429192416/http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2015/04/24/apple-watch-uk-release-date-price_n_5790330.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 29, 2015. Retrieved April 26, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HuffPost+UK&rft.atitle=Apple+Watch+Available+Now+With+Starting+Price+At+%C2%A3299&rft.date=2014-09-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.co.uk%2F2015%2F04%2F24%2Fapple-watch-uk-release-date-price_n_5790330.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGurman2018" class="citation news cs1">Gurman, Mark (March 18, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-03-19/apple-is-said-to-develop-displays-to-replace-samsung-screens">"Apple Is Said to Develop Gadget Displays in Secret Facility"</a>. Bloomberg. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240624213511/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-03-19/apple-is-said-to-develop-displays-to-replace-samsung-screens">Archived</a> from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved June 24, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg&rft.atitle=Apple+Is+Said+to+Develop+Gadget+Displays+in+Secret+Facility&rft.date=2018-03-18&rft.aulast=Gurman&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2018-03-19%2Fapple-is-said-to-develop-displays-to-replace-samsung-screens&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarshall2023" class="citation web cs1">Marshall, Carrie (August 11, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.t3.com/news/microled-could-be-coming-to-the-iphone-vision-pro-and-apple-car">"MicroLED could be coming to the iPhone, Vision Pro and Apple Car"</a>. T3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240624213511/https://www.t3.com/news/microled-could-be-coming-to-the-iphone-vision-pro-and-apple-car">Archived</a> from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved June 24, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=T3&rft.atitle=MicroLED+could+be+coming+to+the+iPhone%2C+Vision+Pro+and+Apple+Car&rft.date=2023-08-11&rft.aulast=Marshall&rft.aufirst=Carrie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.t3.com%2Fnews%2Fmicroled-could-be-coming-to-the-iphone-vision-pro-and-apple-car&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMa2023" class="citation news cs1">Ma, Wayne (March 6, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theinformation.com/articles/how-apples-need-for-cutting-edge-screens-kept-techs-unhappiest-marriage-alive">"How Apple's Need for Cutting Edge Screens Kept Tech's Unhappiest Marriage Alive"</a>. The information. Retrieved July 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+information&rft.atitle=How+Apple%27s+Need+for+Cutting+Edge+Screens+Kept+Tech%27s+Unhappiest+Marriage+Alive&rft.date=2023-03-06&rft.aulast=Ma&rft.aufirst=Wayne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theinformation.com%2Farticles%2Fhow-apples-need-for-cutting-edge-screens-kept-techs-unhappiest-marriage-alive&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonato-Weinstein2016" class="citation web cs1">Donato-Weinstein, Nathan (April 11, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bizjournals.com/sanjose/news/2016/04/11/zeus-medusa-pegasus-athena-inside-apples.html">"Zeus, Medusa, Pegasus, Athena: Inside Apple's mysterious Silicon Valley industrial projects"</a>. www.bizjournals.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230316202956/https://www.bizjournals.com/sanjose/news/2016/04/11/zeus-medusa-pegasus-athena-inside-apples.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 16, 2023. Retrieved June 24, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bizjournals.com&rft.atitle=Zeus%2C+Medusa%2C+Pegasus%2C+Athena%3A+Inside+Apple%27s+mysterious+Silicon+Valley+industrial+projects&rft.date=2016-04-11&rft.aulast=Donato-Weinstein&rft.aufirst=Nathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bizjournals.com%2Fsanjose%2Fnews%2F2016%2F04%2F11%2Fzeus-medusa-pegasus-athena-inside-apples.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee2018" class="citation web cs1">Lee, Seung (March 19, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.siliconvalley.com/2018/03/19/apple-secretly-developing-screens-in-unmarked-santa-clara-facility-report/">"Apple secretly developing screens in unmarked Santa Clara facility: report"</a>. Silicon Valley. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220627182615/https://www.siliconvalley.com/2018/03/19/apple-secretly-developing-screens-in-unmarked-santa-clara-facility-report/">Archived</a> from the original on June 27, 2022. Retrieved June 24, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Silicon+Valley&rft.atitle=Apple+secretly+developing+screens+in+unmarked+Santa+Clara+facility%3A+report&rft.date=2018-03-19&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Seung&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.siliconvalley.com%2F2018%2F03%2F19%2Fapple-secretly-developing-screens-in-unmarked-santa-clara-facility-report%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BB-206">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BB_206-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BB_206-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobertsonRiley2018" class="citation news cs1">Robertson, Jordan; Riley, Michael (October 4, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181004172410/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2018-10-04/the-big-hack-how-china-used-a-tiny-chip-to-infiltrate-america-s-top-companies">"The Big Hack: How China Used a Tiny Chip to Infiltrate U.S. Companies"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2018-10-04/the-big-hack-how-china-used-a-tiny-chip-to-infiltrate-america-s-top-companies">the original</a> on October 4, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Big+Hack%3A+How+China+Used+a+Tiny+Chip+to+Infiltrate+U.S.+Companies&rft.date=2018-10-04&rft.aulast=Robertson&rft.aufirst=Jordan&rft.au=Riley%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Ffeatures%2F2018-10-04%2Fthe-big-hack-how-china-used-a-tiny-chip-to-infiltrate-america-s-top-companies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-51413724">"Apple fined for slowing down old iPhones"</a>. February 7, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240612125612/https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-51413724">Archived</a> from the original on June 12, 2024. Retrieved June 14, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Apple+fined+for+slowing+down+old+iPhones&rft.date=2020-02-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Ftechnology-51413724&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-O'Flaherty-208">^ <a href="#cite_ref-O'Flaherty_208-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-O'Flaherty_208-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Flaherty" class="citation web cs1">O'Flaherty, Kate. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/kateoflahertyuk/2022/04/23/apple-just-issued-stunning-12-billion-blow-to-facebook/">"Apple's Privacy Features Will Cost Facebook $12 Billion"</a>. Forbes. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240624220750/https://www.forbes.com/sites/kateoflahertyuk/2022/04/23/apple-just-issued-stunning-12-billion-blow-to-facebook/">Archived</a> from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved June 14, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Apple%27s+Privacy+Features+Will+Cost+Facebook+%2412+Billion&rft.aulast=O%27Flaherty&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fkateoflahertyuk%2F2022%2F04%2F23%2Fapple-just-issued-stunning-12-billion-blow-to-facebook%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWakabayashi2020" class="citation news cs1">Wakabayashi, Daisuke (February 17, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/17/technology/apple-coronavirus-economy.html">"Apple Signals Coronavirus's Threat to Global Businesses"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231213192034/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/17/technology/apple-coronavirus-economy.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 13, 2023. Retrieved June 14, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Apple+Signals+Coronavirus%27s+Threat+to+Global+Businesses&rft.date=2020-02-17&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Wakabayashi&rft.aufirst=Daisuke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F02%2F17%2Ftechnology%2Fapple-coronavirus-economy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBursztynsky2020" class="citation web cs1">Bursztynsky, Jessica (August 19, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2020/08/19/apple-reaches-2-trillion-market-cap.html">"Apple becomes first U.S. company to reach a $2 trillion market cap"</a>. CNBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220721003235/https://www.cnbc.com/2020/08/19/apple-reaches-2-trillion-market-cap.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 21, 2022. Retrieved June 14, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=Apple+becomes+first+U.S.+company+to+reach+a+%242+trillion+market+cap&rft.date=2020-08-19&rft.aulast=Bursztynsky&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2020%2F08%2F19%2Fapple-reaches-2-trillion-market-cap.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.macrumors.com/guide/iphone-12-pro-vs-iphone-12-pro-max/">"iPhone 12 Pro vs. iPhone 12 Pro Max Buyer's Guide"</a>. MacRumors. December 22, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240325105452/https://www.macrumors.com/guide/iphone-12-pro-vs-iphone-12-pro-max/">Archived</a> from the original on March 25, 2024. Retrieved June 14, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MacRumors&rft.atitle=iPhone+12+Pro+vs.+iPhone+12+Pro+Max+Buyer%27s+Guide&rft.date=2022-12-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.macrumors.com%2Fguide%2Fiphone-12-pro-vs-iphone-12-pro-max%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeswing2020" class="citation web cs1">Leswing, Kif (November 10, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2020/11/10/why-apple-is-breaking-a-15-year-partnership-with-intel-on-its-macs-.html">"Apple is breaking a 15-year partnership with Intel on its Macs — here's why"</a>. CNBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240509231423/https://www.cnbc.com/2020/11/10/why-apple-is-breaking-a-15-year-partnership-with-intel-on-its-macs-.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 9, 2024. Retrieved June 14, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=Apple+is+breaking+a+15-year+partnership+with+Intel+on+its+Macs+%E2%80%94+here%27s+why&rft.date=2020-11-10&rft.aulast=Leswing&rft.aufirst=Kif&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2020%2F11%2F10%2Fwhy-apple-is-breaking-a-15-year-partnership-with-intel-on-its-macs-.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.macrumors.com/guide/apple-silicon/">"Apple Silicon: The Complete Guide"</a>. MacRumors. April 22, 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221003115240/https://www.macrumors.com/guide/apple-silicon/">Archived</a> from the original on October 3, 2022. Retrieved June 14, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MacRumors&rft.atitle=Apple+Silicon%3A+The+Complete+Guide&rft.date=2024-04-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.macrumors.com%2Fguide%2Fapple-silicon%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-214"><a href="#cite_ref-:3_214-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicasBrowning2021" class="citation web cs1">Nicas, Jack; Browning, Kellen (September 17, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/17/technology/apple-employee-unrest.html">"Tim Cook Faces Surprising Employee Unrest at Apple"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210929173218/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/17/technology/apple-employee-unrest.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 29, 2021. Retrieved September 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Tim+Cook+Faces+Surprising+Employee+Unrest+at+Apple&rft.date=2021-09-17&rft.aulast=Nicas&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft.au=Browning%2C+Kellen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F09%2F17%2Ftechnology%2Fapple-employee-unrest.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchiffer2021" class="citation web cs1">Schiffer, Zoe (November 1, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/c/22807871/apples-frontline-employees-are-struggling-to-survive">"Apple's frontline employees are struggling to survive"</a>. The Verge. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220224184115/https://www.theverge.com/c/22807871/apple-frontline-employees-retail-customer-service-pandemic">Archived</a> from the original on February 24, 2022. Retrieved December 24, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=Apple%27s+frontline+employees+are+struggling+to+survive&rft.date=2021-11-01&rft.aulast=Schiffer&rft.aufirst=Zoe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2Fc%2F22807871%2Fapples-frontline-employees-are-struggling-to-survive&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBroussard2023" class="citation book cs1">Broussard, Meredith (2023). More than a glitch: confronting race, gender, and ability bias in tech. Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England: The MIT Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-262-37306-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-262-37306-7"><bdi>978-0-262-37306-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=More+than+a+glitch%3A+confronting+race%2C+gender%2C+and+ability+bias+in+tech&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts+London%2C+England&rft.pub=The+MIT+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-0-262-37306-7&rft.aulast=Broussard&rft.aufirst=Meredith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKullgren2022" class="citation web cs1">Kullgren, Ian (October 17, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.bloomberglaw.com/daily-labor-report/apple-union-victory-shows-labors-gains-in-union-resistant-south">"Apple Union Win Shows Labor Gains in Organizing-Resistant South"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_Law" title="Bloomberg Law">Bloomberg Law</a>. Retrieved January 6, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg+Law&rft.atitle=Apple+Union+Win+Shows+Labor+Gains+in+Organizing-Resistant+South&rft.date=2022-10-17&rft.aulast=Kullgren&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.bloomberglaw.com%2Fdaily-labor-report%2Fapple-union-victory-shows-labors-gains-in-union-resistant-south&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.eu/article/apple-pulls-products-from-russia/">"Apple joins other global giants in Russia exit"</a>. POLITICO. March 2, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240331151224/https://www.politico.eu/article/apple-pulls-products-from-russia/">Archived</a> from the original on March 31, 2024. Retrieved June 14, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=POLITICO&rft.atitle=Apple+joins+other+global+giants+in+Russia+exit&rft.date=2022-03-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.eu%2Farticle%2Fapple-pulls-products-from-russia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2022-08-14/apple-aapl-set-to-expand-advertising-bringing-ads-to-maps-tv-and-books-apps-l6tdqqmg">"Apple Finds Its Next Big Business: Showing Ads on Your iPhone"</a>. Bloomberg. August 14, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240404121126/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2022-08-14/apple-aapl-set-to-expand-advertising-bringing-ads-to-maps-tv-and-books-apps-l6tdqqmg">Archived</a> from the original on April 4, 2024. Retrieved June 14, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg&rft.atitle=Apple+Finds+Its+Next+Big+Business%3A+Showing+Ads+on+Your+iPhone&rft.date=2022-08-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Fnewsletters%2F2022-08-14%2Fapple-aapl-set-to-expand-advertising-bringing-ads-to-maps-tv-and-books-apps-l6tdqqmg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/apple-china-factory-protests-foxconn-manufacturing-production-supply-chain-11670023099">"Apple Makes Plans to Move Production Out of China"</a>. Wall Street Journal. June 14, 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240612184257/https://www.wsj.com/articles/apple-china-factory-protests-foxconn-manufacturing-production-supply-chain-11670023099">Archived</a> from the original on June 12, 2024. Retrieved June 14, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Apple+Makes+Plans+to+Move+Production+Out+of+China&rft.date=2024-06-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fapple-china-factory-protests-foxconn-manufacturing-production-supply-chain-11670023099&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHunterVelazco2023" class="citation news cs1">Hunter, Tatum; Velazco, Chris (March 28, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2023/03/28/apple-buy-now-pay-later/">"Now you can 'buy now, pay later' with Apple Wallet"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230329102346/https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2023/03/28/apple-buy-now-pay-later/">Archived</a> from the original on March 29, 2023. Retrieved March 29, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Now+you+can+%27buy+now%2C+pay+later%27+with+Apple+Wallet&rft.date=2023-03-28&rft.aulast=Hunter&rft.aufirst=Tatum&rft.au=Velazco%2C+Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Ftechnology%2F2023%2F03%2F28%2Fapple-buy-now-pay-later%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_Avila2023" class="citation news cs1">De Avila, Joseph (March 28, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/apple-rolls-out-buy-now-pay-later-plan-640ae583">"Apple Rolls Out Buy Now, Pay Later Plan"</a>. The Wall Street Journal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230329053013/https://www.wsj.com/articles/apple-rolls-out-buy-now-pay-later-plan-640ae583">Archived</a> from the original on March 29, 2023. Retrieved March 29, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Apple+Rolls+Out+Buy+Now%2C+Pay+Later+Plan&rft.date=2023-03-28&rft.aulast=De+Avila&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fapple-rolls-out-buy-now-pay-later-plan-640ae583&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeswing2023" class="citation web cs1">Leswing, Lauren Feiner, Kif (June 5, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2023/06/05/apple-vision-pro-announced-its-first-major-product-since-2014.html">"Apple just announced its first major product since 2014: The Vision Pro for $3,499"</a>. CNBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230606153007/https://www.cnbc.com/2023/06/05/apple-vision-pro-announced-its-first-major-product-since-2014.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 6, 2023. Retrieved June 14, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=Apple+just+announced+its+first+major+product+since+2014%3A+The+Vision+Pro+for+%243%2C499&rft.date=2023-06-05&rft.aulast=Leswing&rft.aufirst=Lauren+Feiner%2C+Kif&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2023%2F06%2F05%2Fapple-vision-pro-announced-its-first-major-product-since-2014.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoose2024" class="citation news cs1">Roose, Kevin (June 11, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/06/11/technology/apple-vision-pro-needs.html">"Can Apple Rescue the Vision Pro?"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240615074727/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/06/11/technology/apple-vision-pro-needs.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 15, 2024. Retrieved June 14, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Can+Apple+Rescue+the+Vision+Pro%3F&rft.date=2024-06-11&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Roose&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2024%2F06%2F11%2Ftechnology%2Fapple-vision-pro-needs.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGurman2023" class="citation news cs1">Gurman, Mark (November 9, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.bloomberglaw.com/tech-and-telecom-law/apple-settles-doj-case-that-it-discriminated-against-us-workers">"Apple Settles DOJ Case That It Discriminated Against US Workers"</a>. Bloomberg News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231127152701/https://news.bloomberglaw.com/tech-and-telecom-law/apple-settles-doj-case-that-it-discriminated-against-us-workers">Archived</a> from the original on November 27, 2023. Retrieved December 3, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg+News&rft.atitle=Apple+Settles+DOJ+Case+That+It+Discriminated+Against+US+Workers&rft.date=2023-11-09&rft.aulast=Gurman&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.bloomberglaw.com%2Ftech-and-telecom-law%2Fapple-settles-doj-case-that-it-discriminated-against-us-workers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLi2024" class="citation news cs1">Li, Roland (April 4, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sfchronicle.com/tech/article/apple-tech-layoffs-19386392.php">"Apple lays off hundreds of Bay Area workers in first mass cuts since the pandemic"</a>. San Francisco Chronicle. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240611195406/https://www.sfchronicle.com/tech/article/apple-tech-layoffs-19386392.php">Archived</a> from the original on June 11, 2024. Retrieved June 24, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Apple+lays+off+hundreds+of+Bay+Area+workers+in+first+mass+cuts+since+the+pandemic&rft.date=2024-04-04&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Roland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfchronicle.com%2Ftech%2Farticle%2Fapple-tech-layoffs-19386392.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoth2024" class="citation web cs1">Roth, Emma (March 22, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2024/3/22/24108967/apple-watch-microled-canceled">"Apple reportedly gives up on its MicroLED dream for now"</a>. The Verge. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240624030644/https://www.theverge.com/2024/3/22/24108967/apple-watch-microled-canceled">Archived</a> from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved June 24, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=Apple+reportedly+gives+up+on+its+MicroLED+dream+for+now&rft.date=2024-03-22&rft.aulast=Roth&rft.aufirst=Emma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2024%2F3%2F22%2F24108967%2Fapple-watch-microled-canceled&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-228"><a href="#cite_ref-228">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoth2024" class="citation web cs1">Roth, Emma (February 27, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2024/2/27/24084907/apple-electric-car-project-titan-shuts-down">"Apple's electric car project is dead"</a>. The Verge. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240227191652/https://www.theverge.com/2024/2/27/24084907/apple-electric-car-project-titan-shuts-down">Archived</a> from the original on February 27, 2024. Retrieved June 24, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=Apple%27s+electric+car+project+is+dead&rft.date=2024-02-27&rft.aulast=Roth&rft.aufirst=Emma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2024%2F2%2F27%2F24084907%2Fapple-electric-car-project-titan-shuts-down&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-229"><a href="#cite_ref-229">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWelch2024" class="citation web cs1">Welch, Chris (June 10, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2024/6/10/24172132/apple-ios-18-new-features-ai">"Apple announces iOS 18 with new AI features and more customizable homescreen"</a>. The Verge. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240624220750/https://www.theverge.com/2024/6/10/24172132/apple-ios-18-new-features-ai">Archived</a> from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved June 14, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=Apple+announces+iOS+18+with+new+AI+features+and+more+customizable+homescreen&rft.date=2024-06-10&rft.aulast=Welch&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2024%2F6%2F10%2F24172132%2Fapple-ios-18-new-features-ai&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdwards2024" class="citation web cs1">Edwards, Nathan (June 10, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2024/6/10/24170586/macos-15-mac-apple-ai-wwdc-2024">"The next macOS is coming this fall"</a>. The Verge. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240614160920/https://www.theverge.com/2024/6/10/24170586/macos-15-mac-apple-ai-wwdc-2024">Archived</a> from the original on June 14, 2024. Retrieved June 14, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=The+next+macOS+is+coming+this+fall&rft.date=2024-06-10&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=Nathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2024%2F6%2F10%2F24170586%2Fmacos-15-mac-apple-ai-wwdc-2024&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-231"><a href="#cite_ref-231">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMullinMickle2023" class="citation news cs1">Mullin, Benjamin; Mickle, Tripp (December 22, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/22/technology/apple-ai-news-publishers.html">"Apple Explores A.I. Deals With News Publishers"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240614021614/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/22/technology/apple-ai-news-publishers.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 14, 2024. Retrieved June 14, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Apple+Explores+A.I.+Deals+With+News+Publishers&rft.date=2023-12-22&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Mullin&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft.au=Mickle%2C+Tripp&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2023%2F12%2F22%2Ftechnology%2Fapple-ai-news-publishers.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-232"><a href="#cite_ref-232">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnight" class="citation magazine cs1">Knight, Will. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/story/apple-intelligence-ai-feature-not-product/">"Apple Proved That AI Is a Feature, Not a Product"</a>. Wired. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1059-1028">1059-1028</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240614030104/https://www.wired.com/story/apple-intelligence-ai-feature-not-product/">Archived</a> from the original on June 14, 2024. Retrieved June 14, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=Apple+Proved+That+AI+Is+a+Feature%2C+Not+a+Product&rft.issn=1059-1028&rft.aulast=Knight&rft.aufirst=Will&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2Fstory%2Fapple-intelligence-ai-feature-not-product%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHur2024" class="citation web cs1">Hur, Krystal (June 13, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2024/06/13/investing/apple-microsoft-market-cap-nvidia/index.html">"Apple is now the most valuable US public company | CNN Business"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240614090410/https://www.cnn.com/2024/06/13/investing/apple-microsoft-market-cap-nvidia/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 14, 2024. Retrieved June 14, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Apple+is+now+the+most+valuable+US+public+company+%7C+CNN+Business&rft.date=2024-06-13&rft.aulast=Hur&rft.aufirst=Krystal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2024%2F06%2F13%2Finvesting%2Fapple-microsoft-market-cap-nvidia%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeatherbed2024" class="citation web cs1">Weatherbed, Jess (June 13, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2024/6/13/24177550/apple-openai-chatgpt-deal-payment-revenue-sharing-chatbot">"Apple and OpenAI aren't paying each other yet, says Bloomberg"</a>. The Verge. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240614021547/https://www.theverge.com/2024/6/13/24177550/apple-openai-chatgpt-deal-payment-revenue-sharing-chatbot">Archived</a> from the original on June 14, 2024. Retrieved June 14, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=Apple+and+OpenAI+aren%27t+paying+each+other+yet%2C+says+Bloomberg&rft.date=2024-06-13&rft.aulast=Weatherbed&rft.aufirst=Jess&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2024%2F6%2F13%2F24177550%2Fapple-openai-chatgpt-deal-payment-revenue-sharing-chatbot&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoswami2024" class="citation web cs1">Goswami, Rohan (June 12, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2024/06/12/apple-aapl-most-valuable-company-in-world.html">"Apple briefly surpasses Microsoft as world's most valuable company after unveiling AI plans"</a>. CNBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240614071519/https://www.cnbc.com/2024/06/12/apple-aapl-most-valuable-company-in-world.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 14, 2024. Retrieved June 14, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=Apple+briefly+surpasses+Microsoft+as+world%27s+most+valuable+company+after+unveiling+AI+plans&rft.date=2024-06-12&rft.aulast=Goswami&rft.aufirst=Rohan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2024%2F06%2F12%2Fapple-aapl-most-valuable-company-in-world.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-236"><a href="#cite_ref-236">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMulvaney2024" class="citation web cs1">Mulvaney, Erin (June 13, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/business/apple-sued-by-employees-alleging-unequal-pay-for-women-23abac6c">"Apple Sued by Employees Alleging Unequal Pay for Women"</a>. Wall Street Journal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240613204609/https://www.wsj.com/business/apple-sued-by-employees-alleging-unequal-pay-for-women-23abac6c">Archived</a> from the original on June 13, 2024. Retrieved June 14, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Apple+Sued+by+Employees+Alleging+Unequal+Pay+for+Women&rft.date=2024-06-13&rft.aulast=Mulvaney&rft.aufirst=Erin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Fbusiness%2Fapple-sued-by-employees-alleging-unequal-pay-for-women-23abac6c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDalloo2024" class="citation news cs1">Dalloo, Rachel (October 10, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://qz.com/u-s-labor-board-accuses-apple-of-illegal-workplace-vio-1851662141">"Apple is being accused of 'illegally' violating workers rights by the U.S. labor board"</a>. Quartz Magazine.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quartz+Magazine&rft.atitle=Apple+is+being+accused+of+%E2%80%98illegally%E2%80%99+violating+workers+rights+by+the+U.S.+labor+board&rft.date=2024-10-10&rft.aulast=Dalloo&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fqz.com%2Fu-s-labor-board-accuses-apple-of-illegal-workplace-vio-1851662141&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><a href="#cite_ref-238">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShapero2024" class="citation web cs1">Shapero, Julia (October 14, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/policy/technology/4932687-apple-slack-labor-relations-board-complaint-restrictions-social-media/">"National labor board alleges Apple restricting workers' Slack, social media use"</a>. The Hill. Retrieved October 20, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=National+labor+board+alleges+Apple+restricting+workers%27+Slack%2C+social+media+use&rft.date=2024-10-14&rft.aulast=Shapero&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fpolicy%2Ftechnology%2F4932687-apple-slack-labor-relations-board-complaint-restrictions-social-media%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVigliarolo2024" class="citation news cs1">Vigliarolo, Brandon (May 8, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theregister.com/2024/05/08/apples_antiunion_tactics_in_nyc/">"Apple broke the law with anti-union tactics in NYC, labor watchdog barks"</a>. The Register.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Register&rft.atitle=Apple+broke+the+law+with+anti-union+tactics+in+NYC%2C+labor+watchdog+barks&rft.date=2024-05-08&rft.aulast=Vigliarolo&rft.aufirst=Brandon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theregister.com%2F2024%2F05%2F08%2Fapples_antiunion_tactics_in_nyc%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHesseldahl2006" class="citation magazine cs1">Hesseldahl, Arik (April 5, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060408064915/http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/apr2006/tc20060405_452855.htm">"Apple Takes Its Bankroll to Reno"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BusinessWeek" class="mw-redirect" title="BusinessWeek">BusinessWeek</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/apr2006/tc20060405_452855.htm">the original</a> on April 8, 2006. Retrieved September 6, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BusinessWeek&rft.atitle=Apple+Takes+Its+Bankroll+to+Reno&rft.date=2006-04-05&rft.aulast=Hesseldahl&rft.aufirst=Arik&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessweek.com%2Ftechnology%2Fcontent%2Fapr2006%2Ftc20060405_452855.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-241"><a href="#cite_ref-241">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Mj0EAAAAMBAJ&q=1977&pg=PA11">"InfoWorld"</a>. InfoWorld Media Group, Inc. September 14, 1981. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240624220750/https://books.google.com/books?id=Mj0EAAAAMBAJ&q=1977&pg=PA11#v=snippet&q=1977&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved January 12, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=InfoWorld&rft.date=1981-09-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMj0EAAAAMBAJ%26q%3D1977%26pg%3DPA11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-242"><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=w4koAQAAMAAJ&q=net+sales+1982">"Marketing planning and strategy"</a>. South-Western Pub. Co. 1985. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780538191302" title="Special:BookSources/9780538191302"><bdi>9780538191302</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240624220751/https://books.google.com/books?id=w4koAQAAMAAJ&q=net+sales+1982">Archived</a> from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved January 12, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Marketing+planning+and+strategy&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=9780538191302&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dw4koAQAAMAAJ%26q%3Dnet%2Bsales%2B1982&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-243"><a href="#cite_ref-243">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2010/10/18Apple-Reports-Fourth-Quarter-Results">"Apple Reports Fourth Quarter Results"</a> (Press release). <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Inc.</a> October 18, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170908070037/https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2010/10/18Apple-Reports-Fourth-Quarter-Results/">Archived</a> from the original on September 8, 2017. Retrieved May 25, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apple+Reports+Fourth+Quarter+Results&rft.pub=Apple+Inc.&rft.date=2010-10-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apple.com%2Fnewsroom%2F2010%2F10%2F18Apple-Reports-Fourth-Quarter-Results&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-244"><a href="#cite_ref-244">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121118175745/http://investor.apple.com/faq.cfm">"Investor Relations – Frequently Asked Questions"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://investor.apple.com/faq.cfm">the original</a> on November 18, 2012. Retrieved November 4, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Investor+Relations+%E2%80%93+Frequently+Asked+Questions&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finvestor.apple.com%2Ffaq.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-245"><a href="#cite_ref-245">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mactech.com/2006/01/13/analyst-apple-likely-to-outperform-competition-for-years">"Analyst: 'Apple Likely To Outperform Competition For Years'"</a>. MacTech. January 13, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230124074101/https://www.mactech.com/2006/01/13/analyst-apple-likely-to-outperform-competition-for-years/">Archived</a> from the original on January 24, 2023. Retrieved January 23, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Analyst%3A+%27Apple+Likely+To+Outperform+Competition+For+Years%27&rft.pub=MacTech&rft.date=2006-01-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mactech.com%2F2006%2F01%2F13%2Fanalyst-apple-likely-to-outperform-competition-for-years&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Apple_Inc.&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Edwards, Jim. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessinsider.com/pictures-of-apples-first-employees-2013-12">These Pictures Of Apple's First Employees Are Absolutely Wonderful</a> – <a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a>, December 26, 2013. Contains vintage photos from the early days of Apple.</li> <li>Apple Inc. | Complete Documentation since 1976. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.olageek.com/2017/03/apple-inc-complete-documentation-since.html">These Pictures Of Apple's First Employees Are Absolutely Wonderful</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrumanJim_Heid1994" class="citation journal cs1">Gruman, Galen; Jim Heid (February 1994). "Macintosh Innovation". MacWorld: 86–98.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MacWorld&rft.atitle=Macintosh+Innovation&rft.pages=86-98&rft.date=1994-02&rft.aulast=Gruman&rft.aufirst=Galen&rft.au=Jim+Heid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988">.</li></ul> <dl><dt>Video</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M92I6rAbRfU">"Why Apple Lags Behind Samsung And Xiaomi In India"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a>. January 29, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/M92I6rAbRfU">Archived</a> from the original on December 21, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+Apple+Lags+Behind+Samsung+And+Xiaomi+In+India&rft.pub=CNBC&rft.date=2019-01-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DM92I6rAbRfU&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Apple+Inc." class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Apple_Inc.&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Apple_Inc." class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Apple Inc.">Apple Inc.</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.welcometomacintosh.com">Welcome to Macintosh</a> – 2008 documentary film about Apple history and innovation.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/techbiz/it/magazine/17-01/ff_mac">25 Years of Mac: From Boxy Beige to Silver Sleek</a> – 2008 <a href="/wiki/Wired_(magazine)" title="Wired (magazine)">Wired</a> on the 25th anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/Macintosh" class="mw-redirect" title="Macintosh">Macintosh</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.technobezz.com/the-apple-products-that-totally-failed-in-the-market/">The Apple Products That Totally Failed In The Market</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://igotoffer.com/apple/history-apple-first-quarter-2019-timeline">History of Apple, timeline: First quarter of 2019</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://igotoffer.com/apple/history-of-apple-second-quarter-2019-timeline">History of Apple, timeline: Second quarter of 2019</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Apple_Inc." style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Apple_Inc." title="Template:Apple Inc."><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Apple_Inc." title="Template talk:Apple Inc."><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Apple_Inc." title="Special:EditPage/Template:Apple Inc."><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Apple_Inc." style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Inc.</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Apple_Inc." title="Outline of Apple Inc.">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Apple_Inc._products" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of Apple Inc. products">Timeline of products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_practices_of_Apple" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental practices of Apple">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marketing_of_Apple_Inc." title="Marketing of Apple Inc.">Marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_supply_chain" title="Apple supply chain">Supply chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_and_unions" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple and unions">Trade unions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Apple_Inc._products" title="Category:Apple Inc. products">Products</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Apple_Inc._hardware" title="Category:Apple Inc. hardware">Hardware</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mac_(computer)" title="Mac (computer)">Mac</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IMac" title="IMac">iMac</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IMac_Pro" title="IMac Pro">Pro</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacBook" title="MacBook">MacBook</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MacBook_Air" title="MacBook Air">Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacBook_Pro" title="MacBook Pro">Pro</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_Mini" title="Mac Mini">Mini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_Studio" title="Mac Studio">Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_Pro" title="Mac Pro">Pro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/IPod" title="IPod">iPod</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPod_Classic" title="IPod Classic">Classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPod_Mini" title="IPod Mini">Mini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPod_Nano" title="IPod Nano">Nano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPod_Shuffle" title="IPod Shuffle">Shuffle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPod_Touch" title="IPod Touch">Touch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhone</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_hardware" title="IPhone hardware">Hardware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_iPhone" title="History of the iPhone">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_iPhone_models" title="List of iPhone models">iPhone models</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/IPad" title="IPad">iPad</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Mini" title="IPad Mini">Mini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Air" class="mw-redirect" title="IPad Air">Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Pro" title="IPad Pro">Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_iPad_accessories" title="List of iPad accessories">Accessories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/AirPods" title="AirPods">AirPods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AirPods_Pro" title="AirPods Pro">Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AirPods_Max" title="AirPods Max">Max</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_SIM" title="Apple SIM">Apple SIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AirTag" title="AirTag">AirTag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beats_Electronics" title="Beats Electronics">Beats</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beats_Pill" title="Beats Pill">Pill</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HomePod" title="HomePod">HomePod</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HomePod_Mini" title="HomePod Mini">Mini</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_silicon" title="Apple silicon">Silicon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_TV" title="Apple TV">TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Vision_Pro" title="Apple Vision Pro">Vision Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Watch" title="Apple Watch">Watch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Apple_Inc._software" title="Category:Apple Inc. software">Software</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Operatingsystems" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apple_operating_systems" title="List of Apple operating systems">Operating systems</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a> / <a href="/wiki/IPadOS" title="IPadOS">iPadOS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_iPhone_models" title="List of iPhone models">iPhones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_iPad_models" title="List of iPad models">iPads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_version_history" title="IOS version history">iOS history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPadOS_version_history" title="IPadOS version history">iPadOS history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-installed_iOS_apps" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-installed iOS apps">Apps</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_version_history" title="MacOS version history">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Server" class="mw-redirect" title="MacOS Server">Server</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TvOS" title="TvOS">tvOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WatchOS" title="WatchOS">watchOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BridgeOS" title="BridgeOS">bridgeOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darwin_(operating_system)" title="Darwin (operating system)">Darwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classic_Mac_OS" title="Classic Mac OS">Classic Mac OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VisionOS" title="VisionOS">visionOS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CarPlay" title="CarPlay">CarPlay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classroom_(Apple)" title="Classroom (Apple)">Classroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HomeKit" title="HomeKit">HomeKit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Core_Foundation" title="Core Foundation">Core Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Developer_Tools" title="Apple Developer Tools">Developer Tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FileMaker" title="FileMaker">FileMaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Final_Cut_Pro" title="Final Cut Pro">Final Cut Pro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Final_Cut_Pro_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Final Cut Pro X">X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compressor_(software)" title="Compressor (software)">Compressor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_(software)" title="Motion (software)">Motion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logic_Pro" title="Logic Pro">Logic Pro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MainStage_(software)" title="MainStage (software)">MainStage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ILife" title="ILife">iLife</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GarageBand" title="GarageBand">GarageBand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMovie" title="IMovie">iMovie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhoto" title="IPhoto">iPhoto</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITunes" title="ITunes">iTunes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IWork" title="IWork">iWork</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keynote_(presentation_software)" title="Keynote (presentation software)">Keynote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numbers_(spreadsheet)" title="Numbers (spreadsheet)">Numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pages_(word_processor)" title="Pages (word processor)">Pages</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Mail" title="Apple Mail">Mail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QuickTime" title="QuickTime">QuickTime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SceneKit" title="SceneKit">SceneKit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shazam_(music_app)" title="Shazam (music app)">Shazam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siri" title="Siri">Siri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swift_(programming_language)" title="Swift (programming language)">Swift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xcode" title="Xcode">Xcode</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Apple_Inc._services" title="Category:Apple Inc. services">Services</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Financial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Card" title="Apple Card">Card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Pay" title="Apple Pay">Pay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Wallet" title="Apple Wallet">Wallet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Arcade" title="Apple Arcade">Arcade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Books" title="Apple Books">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Music" title="Apple Music">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Music_1" title="Apple Music 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beats_Music" title="Beats Music">Beats Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Music_Up_Next" title="Apple Music Up Next">Up Next</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Music_Festival" title="Apple Music Festival">Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITunes_Radio" title="ITunes Radio">iTunes Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_(app)" title="Music (app)">App</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_News" title="Apple News">News</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Newsstand_(software)" title="Newsstand (software)">Newsstand</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Podcasts" title="Apple Podcasts">Podcasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_TV_app" title="Apple TV app">TV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_TV%2B" title="Apple TV+">+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apple_TV%2B_original_programming" title="List of Apple TV+ original programming">originals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLS_Season_Pass" title="MLS Season Pass">MLS Season Pass</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Communication</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FaceTime" title="FaceTime">FaceTime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walkie-Talkie_(Apple)" class="mw-redirect" title="Walkie-Talkie (Apple)">Walkie-Talkie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMessage" title="IMessage">iMessage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IChat" title="IChat">iChat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messages_(Apple)" title="Messages (Apple)">App</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_Center" title="Game Center">Game Center</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Retail and digital sales</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/App_Store_(Apple)" title="App Store (Apple)">App Store</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mac_App_Store" title="Mac App Store">macOS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITunes_Store" title="ITunes Store">iTunes Store</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ITunes_Connect" title="ITunes Connect">Connect</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Store" title="Apple Store">Store</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Fifth_Avenue" title="Apple Fifth Avenue">Fifth Avenue</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Support</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AppleCare%2B" title="AppleCare+">AppleCare+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Authorized_Service_Provider" title="Apple Authorized Service Provider">AASP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_certification_programs" title="Apple certification programs">Certifications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genius_Bar" title="Genius Bar">Genius Bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ProCare" title="ProCare">ProCare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_to_One_(Apple)" title="One to One (Apple)">One to One</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Account" title="Apple Account">Apple Account</a> (formerly Apple ID) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sign_in_with_Apple" title="Sign in with Apple">Sign in with Apple</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_One" title="Apple One">One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Developer" title="Apple Developer">Developer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IAd" title="IAd">iAd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TestFlight" title="TestFlight">TestFlight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worldwide_Developers_Conference" title="Worldwide Developers Conference">WWDC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICloud" title="ICloud">iCloud</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MobileMe" title="MobileMe">MobileMe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Find_My" title="Find My">Find My</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fitness_(Apple)" title="Fitness (Apple)">Fitness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photos_(Apple)" title="Photos (Apple)">Photos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Maps" title="Apple Maps">Maps</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flyover_(Apple_Maps)" title="Flyover (Apple Maps)">Flyover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Look_Around_(Apple)" title="Look Around (Apple)">Look Around</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Apple_Inc._subsidiaries" title="Category:Apple Inc. subsidiaries">Subsidiaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anobit" title="Anobit">Anobit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_IMC" title="Apple IMC">Apple IMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Studios" title="Apple Studios">Apple Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beats_Electronics" title="Beats Electronics">Beats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beddit" title="Beddit">Beddit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braeburn_Capital" title="Braeburn Capital">Braeburn Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claris" title="Claris">Claris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Apple_Inc._acquisitions" title="Category:Apple Inc. acquisitions">Acquisitions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mergers_and_acquisitions_by_Apple" title="List of mergers and acquisitions by Apple">Completed</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anobit" title="Anobit">Anobit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AuthenTec" title="AuthenTec">AuthenTec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beats_Electronics" title="Beats Electronics">Beats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beddit" title="Beddit">Beddit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BIS_Records" title="BIS Records">BIS Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cue_(search_engine)" title="Cue (search engine)">Cue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EditGrid" title="EditGrid">EditGrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emagic" title="Emagic">Emagic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FingerWorks" title="FingerWorks">FingerWorks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intrinsity" title="Intrinsity">Intrinsity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InVisage_Technologies" title="InVisage Technologies">InVisage Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Keyboard_Company" title="The Keyboard Company">The Keyboard Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lala_(website)" title="Lala (website)">Lala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaio" title="Metaio">Metaio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NeXT" title="NeXT">NeXT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nothing_Real" title="Nothing Real">Nothing Real</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P.A._Semi" title="P.A. Semi">P.A. Semi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Computing_Corporation" title="Power Computing Corporation">Power Computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PrimeSense" title="PrimeSense">PrimeSense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shazam_(music_app)" title="Shazam (music app)">Shazam Entertainment Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siri" title="Siri">Siri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texture_(app)" title="Texture (app)">Texture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topsy_Labs" title="Topsy Labs">Topsy</a></li></ul></li> <li>Potential <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Potential_acquisition_of_Disney_by_Apple" title="Potential acquisition of Disney by Apple">Disney</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Apple_Inc._partnerships" title="Category:Apple Inc. partnerships">Partnerships</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AIM_alliance" title="AIM alliance">AIM alliance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaleida_Labs" title="Kaleida Labs">Kaleida Labs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taligent" title="Taligent">Taligent</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akamai_Technologies" title="Akamai Technologies">Akamai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arm_Holdings" title="Arm Holdings">Arm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DiDi" title="DiDi">DiDi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Ocean" title="Digital Ocean">Digital Ocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFund" title="IFund">iFund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imagination_Technologies" title="Imagination Technologies">Imagination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockstar_Consortium" title="Rockstar Consortium">Rockstar Consortium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc._advertising" title="Apple Inc. advertising">Advertising</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/1984_(advertisement)" title="1984 (advertisement)">1984</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Think_different" title="Think different">Think different</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Get_a_Mac" title="Get a Mac">Get a Mac</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPod_advertising" title="IPod advertising">iPod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Product_Red" title="Product Red">Product Red</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_ecosystem" title="Apple ecosystem">Ecosystem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apple_Inc._media_events" title="List of Apple Inc. media events">Events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Apple_Inc." title="Criticism of Apple Inc.">Criticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_repair" title="Right to repair">Right to repair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple%27s_EU_tax_dispute" title="Apple's EU tax dispute">Tax</a></li></ul></li> <li>Headquarters <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Campus" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Campus">Campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Park" title="Apple Park">Park</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_University" title="Apple University">University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc._design_motifs" title="Apple Inc. design motifs">Design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Industrial_Design_Group" title="Apple Industrial Design Group">IDg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typography_of_Apple_Inc." title="Typography of Apple Inc.">Typography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Designed_by_Apple_in_California" title="Designed by Apple in California">Book</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apple_codenames" title="List of Apple codenames">Codenames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_FileWare" title="Apple FileWare">Apple FileWare</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_community" title="Apple community">Community</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AppleMasters" title="AppleMasters">AppleMasters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litigation_involving_Apple_Inc." title="Litigation involving Apple Inc.">Litigation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Apple_(2024)" title="United States v. Apple (2024)">Antitrust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-Tech_Employee_Antitrust_Litigation" title="High-Tech Employee Antitrust Litigation">Non-recruiting agreements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Apple_(2012)" title="United States v. Apple (2012)">Price-fixing ebooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FBI%E2%80%93Apple_encryption_dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="FBI–Apple encryption dispute">FBI encryption dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic_Games_v._Apple" title="Epic Games v. Apple">Epic Games</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_app_approvals" title="IOS app approvals">iOS app approvals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_and_unions" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple and unions">Unions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AppleToo" title="AppleToo">#AppleToo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_depictions_of_Steve_Jobs" title="List of depictions of Steve Jobs">Depictions of Steve Jobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_on_Apple_devices" title="Linux on Apple devices">Linux</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asahi_Linux" title="Asahi Linux">Asahi Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPodLinux" title="IPodLinux">iPodLinux</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_car_project" title="Apple car project">Car project</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Apple_Inc._executives" title="Category:Apple Inc. executives">Executives</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Cook" title="Tim Cook">Tim Cook</a> (CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Williams_(Apple)" title="Jeff Williams (Apple)">Jeff Williams</a> (COO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luca_Maestri" title="Luca Maestri">Luca Maestri</a> (CFO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_L._Adams" class="mw-redirect" title="Katherine L. Adams">Katherine Adams</a> (General Counsel)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddy_Cue" title="Eddy Cue">Eddy Cue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Federighi" title="Craig Federighi">Craig Federighi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabel_Ge_Mahe" title="Isabel Ge Mahe">Isabel Ge Mahe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Giannandrea" title="John Giannandrea">John Giannandrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisa_P._Jackson" title="Lisa P. Jackson">Lisa Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Joswiak" title="Greg Joswiak">Greg Joswiak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabih_Khan" title="Sabih Khan">Sabih Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deirdre_O%27Brien" title="Deirdre O'Brien">Deirdre O'Brien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Riccio" title="Dan Riccio">Dan Riccio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Schiller" title="Phil Schiller">Phil Schiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johny_Srouji" title="Johny Srouji">Johny Srouji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ternus" title="John Ternus">John Ternus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Scott_(Apple)" title="Michael Scott (Apple)">Michael Scott</a> (CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Markkula" title="Mike Markkula">Mike Markkula</a> (CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sculley" title="John Sculley">John Sculley</a> (CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Spindler" title="Michael Spindler">Michael Spindler</a> (CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gil_Amelio" title="Gil Amelio">Gil Amelio</a> (CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</a> (CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jony_Ive" title="Jony Ive">Jony Ive</a> (CDO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Ahrendts" title="Angela Ahrendts">Angela Ahrendts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_D._Anderson" title="Fred D. Anderson">Fred D. Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Browett" title="John Browett">John Browett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrino_De_Luca" title="Guerrino De Luca">Guerrino De Luca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Deneve" title="Paul Deneve">Paul Deneve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Eisenstat" title="Al Eisenstat">Al Eisenstat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Fadell" title="Tony Fadell">Tony Fadell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Forstall" title="Scott Forstall">Scott Forstall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Hancock" title="Ellen Hancock">Ellen Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_R._Heinen" title="Nancy R. Heinen">Nancy R. Heinen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Johnson_(businessman)" title="Ron Johnson (businessman)">Ron Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Nagel" title="David Nagel">David Nagel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Oppenheimer" title="Peter Oppenheimer">Peter Oppenheimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Papermaster" title="Mark Papermaster">Mark Papermaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Rubinstein" title="Jon Rubinstein">Jon Rubinstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Serlet" title="Bertrand Serlet">Bertrand Serlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Sewell" title="Bruce Sewell">Bruce Sewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sina_Tamaddon" title="Sina Tamaddon">Sina Tamaddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avie_Tevanian" title="Avie Tevanian">Avie Tevanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Wozniak" title="Steve Wozniak">Steve Wozniak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Directors_of_Apple_Inc." title="Category:Directors of Apple Inc.">Board of directors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_D._Levinson" title="Arthur D. Levinson">Arthur D. Levinson</a> (Chairman)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Cook" title="Tim Cook">Tim Cook</a> (CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Bell" title="James A. Bell">James A. Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Gorsky" title="Alex Gorsky">Alex Gorsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Jung" title="Andrea Jung">Andrea Jung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Sugar" title="Ronald Sugar">Ronald D. Sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Wagner" title="Susan Wagner">Susan L. Wagner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Markkula" title="Mike Markkula">Mike Markkula</a> (Chairman)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sculley" title="John Sculley">John Sculley</a> (Chairman)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</a> (Chairman)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gil_Amelio" title="Gil Amelio">Gil Amelio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_D._Anderson" title="Fred D. Anderson">Fred D. Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Campbell_(business_executive)" title="Bill Campbell (business executive)">Bill Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mickey_Drexler" title="Mickey Drexler">Mickey Drexler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Eisenstat" title="Al Eisenstat">Al Eisenstat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Ellison" title="Larry Ellison">Larry Ellison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Iger" title="Bob Iger">Robert A. Iger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delano_Lewis" title="Delano Lewis">Delano Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Rock" title="Arthur Rock">Arthur Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Schmidt" title="Eric Schmidt">Eric Schmidt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Scott_(Apple)" title="Michael Scott (Apple)">Michael Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Spindler" title="Michael Spindler">Michael Spindler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_S._Woolard_Jr." title="Edgar S. Woolard Jr.">Edgar S. Woolard Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_York_(businessman)" title="Jerry York (businessman)">Jerry York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Founders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Wozniak" title="Steve Wozniak">Steve Wozniak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Wayne" title="Ronald Wayne">Ronald Wayne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Italics indicate discontinued products, services, or defunct companies.</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Apple_Inc." title="Category:Apple Inc.">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Key_figures_in_the_history_of_Apple_Inc." style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Apple_celeb" title="Template:Apple celeb"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Apple_celeb" title="Template talk:Apple celeb"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Apple_celeb" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Apple celeb"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Key_figures_in_the_history_of_Apple_Inc." style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Key figures in the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">history of Apple Inc.</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Founders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Wozniak" title="Steve Wozniak">Steve Wozniak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Wayne" title="Ronald Wayne">Ronald Wayne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">CEOs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Scott_(Apple)" title="Michael Scott (Apple)">Michael Scott</a> (1977–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Markkula" title="Mike Markkula">Mike Markkula</a> (1981–1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sculley" title="John Sculley">John Sculley</a> (1983–1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Spindler" title="Michael Spindler">Michael Spindler</a> (1993–1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gil_Amelio" title="Gil Amelio">Gil Amelio</a> (1996–1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</a> (1997–2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Cook" title="Tim Cook">Tim Cook</a> (2011–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current employees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_L._Adams" class="mw-redirect" title="Katherine L. Adams">Katherine L. Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Cook" title="Tim Cook">Tim Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddy_Cue" title="Eddy Cue">Eddy Cue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Espinosa" title="Chris Espinosa">Chris Espinosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Federighi" title="Craig Federighi">Craig Federighi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominic_Giampaolo" title="Dominic Giampaolo">Dominic Giampaolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Giannandrea" title="John Giannandrea">John Giannandrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisa_P._Jackson" title="Lisa P. Jackson">Lisa P. Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Joswiak" title="Greg Joswiak">Greg Joswiak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luca_Maestri" title="Luca Maestri">Luca Maestri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Mansfield" title="Bob Mansfield">Bob Mansfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Riccio" title="Dan Riccio">Dan Riccio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Schiller" title="Phil Schiller">Phil Schiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johny_Srouji" title="Johny Srouji">Johny Srouji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ternus" title="John Ternus">John Ternus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bud_Tribble" title="Bud Tribble">Bud Tribble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Williams_(Apple)" title="Jeff Williams (Apple)">Jeff Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Wozniak" title="Steve Wozniak">Steve Wozniak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former employees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gil_Amelio" title="Gil Amelio">Gil Amelio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Ahrendts" title="Angela Ahrendts">Angela Ahrendts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_D._Anderson" title="Fred D. Anderson">Fred D. Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Atkinson" title="Bill Atkinson">Bill Atkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Barnes_(computing)" title="Susan Barnes (computing)">Susan Barnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrisann_Brennan" title="Chrisann Brennan">Chrisann Brennan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Capps" title="Steve Capps">Steve Capps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satjiv_S._Chahil" title="Satjiv S. Chahil">Satjiv S. Chahil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Crow" title="George Crow">George Crow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Fadell" title="Tony Fadell">Tony Fadell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Fernandez" title="Bill Fernandez">Bill Fernandez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Forstall" title="Scott Forstall">Scott Forstall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Gass%C3%A9e" title="Jean-Louis Gassée">Jean-Louis Gassée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Hancock" title="Ellen Hancock">Ellen Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_R._Heinen" title="Nancy R. Heinen">Nancy R. Heinen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Hertzfeld" title="Andy Hertzfeld">Andy Hertzfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanna_Hoffman" title="Joanna Hoffman">Joanna Hoffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_Holt" title="Rod Holt">Rod Holt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Horn" title="Bruce Horn">Bruce Horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jony_Ive" title="Jony Ive">Jony Ive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Johnson_(businessman)" title="Ron Johnson (businessman)">Ron Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Kare" title="Susan Kare">Susan Kare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Kawasaki" title="Guy Kawasaki">Guy Kawasaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Kay" title="Alan Kay">Alan Kay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Kottke" title="Daniel Kottke">Daniel Kottke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Lattner" title="Chris Lattner">Chris Lattner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrino_De_Luca" title="Guerrino De Luca">Guerrino De Luca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Markkula" title="Mike Markkula">Mike Markkula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Nagel" title="David Nagel">David Nagel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ike_Nassi" title="Ike Nassi">Ike Nassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Norman" title="Don Norman">Don Norman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Oppenheimer" title="Peter Oppenheimer">Peter Oppenheimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rich_Page" title="Rich Page">Rich Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Papermaster" title="Mark Papermaster">Mark Papermaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jef_Raskin" title="Jef Raskin">Jef Raskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Rubinstein" title="Jon Rubinstein">Jon Rubinstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Scott_(Apple)" title="Michael Scott (Apple)">Michael Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sculley" title="John Sculley">John Sculley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Serlet" title="Bertrand Serlet">Bertrand Serlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Sewell" title="Bruce Sewell">Bruce Sewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burrell_Smith" title="Burrell Smith">Burrell Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Spindler" title="Michael Spindler">Michael Spindler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sina_Tamaddon" title="Sina Tamaddon">Sina Tamaddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Tesler" title="Larry Tesler">Larry Tesler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avie_Tevanian" title="Avie Tevanian">Avie Tevanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Wayne" title="Ronald Wayne">Ronald Wayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Del_Yocam" title="Del Yocam">Del Yocam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Steve_Jobs" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Steve_Jobs" title="Template:Steve Jobs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Steve_Jobs" title="Template talk:Steve Jobs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Steve_Jobs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Steve Jobs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Steve_Jobs" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Career</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Steve_Jobs_media" title="Timeline of Steve Jobs media">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Computer</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#1975–1985:_Jobs_and_Wozniak">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh#History" class="mw-redirect" title="Macintosh">Macintosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NeXT" title="NeXT">NeXT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixar" title="Pixar">Pixar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs#Return_to_Apple" title="Steve Jobs">Return to Apple</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Thoughts_on_Flash" title="Thoughts on Flash">Thoughts on Flash</a>"</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Steve_Jobs_Headshot_2010-CROP.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Steve_Jobs_Headshot_2010-CROP.jpg/100px-Steve_Jobs_Headshot_2010-CROP.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Steve_Jobs_Headshot_2010-CROP.jpg/150px-Steve_Jobs_Headshot_2010-CROP.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Steve_Jobs_Headshot_2010-CROP.jpg/200px-Steve_Jobs_Headshot_2010-CROP.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3259" data-file-height="3194" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_depictions_of_Steve_Jobs" title="List of depictions of Steve Jobs">Depictions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs#Honors_and_awards" title="Steve Jobs">Honors and public recognition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books about</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Little_Kingdom" title="The Little Kingdom">The Little Kingdom</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Second_Coming_of_Steve_Jobs" title="The Second Coming of Steve Jobs">The Second Coming of Steve Jobs</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICon" title="ICon">iCon</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs_(book)" title="Steve Jobs (book)">Steve Jobs</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bite_in_the_Apple" title="The Bite in the Apple">The Bite in the Apple</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Becoming_Steve_Jobs" title="Becoming Steve Jobs">Becoming Steve Jobs</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Designed_by_Apple_in_California" title="Designed by Apple in California">Designed by Apple in California</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Fry_(memoir)" title="Small Fry (memoir)">Small Fry</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Make_Something_Wonderful" title="Make Something Wonderful">Make Something Wonderful</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films about</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Triumph_of_the_Nerds" title="Triumph of the Nerds">Triumph of the Nerds</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirates_of_Silicon_Valley" title="Pirates of Silicon Valley">Pirates of Silicon Valley</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs:_The_Lost_Interview" title="Steve Jobs: The Lost Interview">Steve Jobs: The Lost Interview</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISteve" title="ISteve">ISteve</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jobs_(film)" title="Jobs (film)">Jobs</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs_(film)" title="Steve Jobs (film)">Steve Jobs</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs:_The_Man_in_the_Machine" title="Steve Jobs: The Man in the Machine">Steve Jobs: The Man in the Machine</a> (2015)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laurene_Powell_Jobs" title="Laurene Powell Jobs">Laurene Powell Jobs</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mona_Simpson" title="Mona Simpson">Mona Simpson</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrisann_Brennan" title="Chrisann Brennan">Chrisann Brennan</a> (mother of his first child)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Brennan-Jobs" title="Lisa Brennan-Jobs">Lisa Brennan-Jobs</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eve_Jobs" title="Eve Jobs">Eve Jobs</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reed_Jobs" title="Reed Jobs">Reed Jobs</a> (son)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stevenote" title="Stevenote">Stevenote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reality_distortion_field" title="Reality distortion field">Reality distortion field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackling_House" title="Jackling House">Jackling House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_(R)evolution_of_Steve_Jobs" title="The (R)evolution of Steve Jobs">The (R)evolution of Steve Jobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seva_Foundation" title="Seva Foundation">Seva Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Son_of_a_Migrant_from_Syria" title="The Son of a Migrant from Syria">The Son of a Migrant from Syria</a> (2015 mural)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_(yacht)" title="Venus (yacht)">Venus yacht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_(advertisement)" title="1984 (advertisement)">1984 commercial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Think_different" title="Think different">Think different</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Wozniak" title="Steve Wozniak">Steve Wozniak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Steve_Wozniak" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Steve_Wozniak" title="Template:Steve Wozniak"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Steve_Wozniak" title="Template talk:Steve Wozniak"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Steve_Wozniak" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Steve Wozniak"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Steve_Wozniak" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Steve_Wozniak" title="Steve Wozniak">Steve Wozniak</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Products and projects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_I" title="Apple I">Apple I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_II_(1977_computer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple II (1977 computer)">Apple II</a> (<a href="/wiki/Apple_II" title="Apple II">II series</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Desktop_Bus" title="Apple Desktop Bus">Apple Desktop Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakout_(video_game)" title="Breakout (video game)">Breakout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Discovery_Museum_of_San_Jose" title="Children's Discovery Museum of San Jose">Children's Discovery Museum of San Jose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_remote" title="Universal remote">CL 9 CORE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disk_II" title="Disk II">Disk II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_Frontier_Foundation" title="Electronic Frontier Foundation">Electronic Frontier Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IWoz" title="IWoz">iWoz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_128K" title="Macintosh 128K">Macintosh 128K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_Valley_Comic_Con" class="mw-redirect" title="Silicon Valley Comic Con">Silicon Valley Comic Con</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_Festival" title="US Festival">US Festival</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Steve_Wozniak.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Steve_Wozniak.jpg/100px-Steve_Wozniak.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Steve_Wozniak.jpg/150px-Steve_Wozniak.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Steve_Wozniak.jpg/200px-Steve_Wozniak.jpg 2x" data-file-width="825" data-file-height="1014" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_Semiconductor" title="Jazz Semiconductor">Acquicor Technology</a> (co-founder)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Inc.</a> (co-founder)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CL_9" title="CL 9">CL 9</a> (founder)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusion-io" title="Fusion-io">Fusion-io, Inc.</a> (chief scientist)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheels_of_Zeus" title="Wheels of Zeus">Wheels of Zeus</a> (founder)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woz_U" title="Woz U">Woz U</a> (founder)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Awards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Wozniak#Honors_and_awards" title="Steve Wozniak">Honors and awards for Steve Wozniak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Triumph_of_the_Nerds" title="Triumph of the Nerds">Triumph of the Nerds</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirates_of_Silicon_Valley" title="Pirates of Silicon Valley">Pirates of Silicon Valley</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Secret_History_of_Hacking" title="The Secret History of Hacking">The Secret History of Hacking</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jobs_(film)" title="Jobs (film)">Jobs</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs_(film)" title="Steve Jobs (film)">Steve Jobs</a> (2015)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TV appearances</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Code_Monkeys" title="Code Monkeys">Code Monkeys season 1</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathy_Griffin:_My_Life_on_the_D-List#Season_4:_2008" title="Kathy Griffin: My Life on the D-List">Kathy Griffin: My Life on the D-List season 4</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dancing_with_the_Stars_(U.S._season_8)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 8)">Dancing with the Stars season 8</a> (2009)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Cruciferous_Vegetable_Amplification" title="The Cruciferous Vegetable Amplification">The Cruciferous Vegetable Amplification</a>" (The Big Bang Theory, 2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wants_Answers" title="John Wants Answers">John Wants Answers season 4</a> (2013)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_IIGS#Limited_Edition_.28.22Woz.22_signed_case.29" title="Apple IIGS">Apple IIGS with limited edition signed case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_box" title="Blue box">Blue box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hackers:_Heroes_of_the_Computer_Revolution" title="Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution">Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution</a> (1984 book)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">History of Apple Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homebrew_Computer_Club" title="Homebrew Computer Club">Homebrew Computer Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phreaking" title="Phreaking">Phreaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segway_polo" title="Segway polo">Segway polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_Apple_Inc.&oldid=1254766599">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_Apple_Inc.&oldid=1254766599</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Apple_Inc." title="Category:History of Apple Inc.">History of Apple Inc.</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Silicon_Valley" title="Category:History of Silicon Valley">History of Silicon Valley</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Steve_Jobs" title="Category:Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_computing_hardware" title="Category:History of computing hardware">History of computing hardware</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_EasyTimeline_extension" title="Category:Pages using the EasyTimeline extension">Pages using the EasyTimeline extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_long_volume_value" title="Category:CS1: long volume value">CS1: long volume value</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">CS1 maint: unfit URL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">CS1 maint: location missing publisher</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_January_2023" title="Category:Use mdy dates from January 2023">Use mdy dates from January 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_August_2019" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from August 2019">Articles with unsourced statements from August 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_multiple_image_with_auto_scaled_images" title="Category:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images">Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_November_2020" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from November 2020">Articles containing potentially dated statements from November 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements" title="Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements">All articles containing potentially dated statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_August_2010" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from August 2010">Articles with unsourced statements from August 2010</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_locally_defined" title="Category:Commons category link is locally defined">Commons category link is locally defined</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 1 November 2024, at 15:49 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_Apple_Inc.&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-lljb8","wgBackendResponseTime":183,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"2.853","walltime":"3.249","ppvisitednodes":{"value":32285,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":536403,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":13584,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":23,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":28,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":809106,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 2799.560 1 -total"," 48.67% 1362.455 1 Template:Reflist"," 20.33% 569.090 94 Template:Cite_web"," 12.76% 357.178 78 Template:Sfn"," 10.51% 294.127 58 Template:Cite_news"," 5.38% 150.727 12 Template:Navbox"," 5.09% 142.504 1 Template:Timeline_of_Apple_Inc._products"," 4.86% 136.157 10 Template:Inflation"," 4.05% 113.324 17 Template:Cite_book"," 3.82% 107.071 1 Template:Short_description"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.654","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":11507825,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAlsop1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAnisimova2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFArthur2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBagnall2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBeale1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBetteridge2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlazeski2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBohn2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBright2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBroussard2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBulman1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBursztynsky2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCellini2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChandlerHikinoNordenflycht2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCoventry2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDalloo2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDe_Avila2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeffree2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDilger2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDonato-Weinstein2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDvorak1983\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDvorak2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEdwards2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEllis2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFinley2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFriedman\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGallo2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGibson2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoldman2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoswami2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGreen1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGreenwald1983\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrumanJim_Heid1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGurman2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGurman2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarreld1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHelftVance2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHertzfeld\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHesseldahl2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHogan1981\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFHormby2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHunterVelazco2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHur2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIsaacson\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIsaacson2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIsaacson2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIsaacson2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJanoff2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKahney2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaplan1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKennedy1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKnight\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKopytoff2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKullgren2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLee2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLemmons1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeopold2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeswing2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeswing2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLi2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLibes1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLinzmayer2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMa2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMace1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFManey2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarkoff1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarkoff1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarkoffLohr2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarshall2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartin2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcMullen,_Barbara_E.John_F.1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMullinMickle2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMulvaney2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNicasBrowning2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNorr2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Flaherty\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Grady2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPitta1988\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFPollack1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPollack1983\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPolsson\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPreimesberger2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPrimack2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReed2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRice1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRigby2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobbeloth1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobertsonRiley2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoose2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRosen_Research1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoth2024\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFRussell2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSanford\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSanger1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSanger1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchiffer2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchlender2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchlenderRick_Tetzeli2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSeifert2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShapero2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShuey2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSingh\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSlivka2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpector1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSumra2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSutherland2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSwaine1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSwaine2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTracy2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVigliarolo2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWakabayashi2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeatherbed2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWelch2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeyhrich2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilliams2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilliamsMoore1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilliamsMoore1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWozniak\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWozniak1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWozniak2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWozniak2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWozniakSmith2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWozniakSmith2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYoungWilliam_L._Simon2005\"] = 2,\n [\"Jobs_and_Wozniak\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 1,\n [\"Anchor\"] = 1,\n [\"Apple\"] = 1,\n [\"Apple celeb\"] = 1,\n [\"As of\"] = 1,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 3,\n [\"Cbignore\"] = 2,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 17,\n [\"Cite interview\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 13,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 58,\n [\"Cite press release\"] = 15,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 94,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 1,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:History Of Apple Inc.\"] = 1,\n [\"Frac\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvid\"] = 2,\n [\"Inflation\"] = 10,\n [\"Main\"] = 10,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 2,\n [\"Nbsp\"] = 1,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 1,\n [\"R\"] = 10,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Rp\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 3,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 78,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Steve Jobs\"] = 1,\n [\"Timeline of Apple Inc. products\"] = 1,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Woz\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","280","15.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","280","15.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","180","10.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","160","9.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","140","7.9"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","100","5.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::sub","80","4.5"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","60","3.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","60","3.4"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","60","3.4"],["[others]","380","21.3"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-l24nk","timestamp":"20241124053549","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"History of Apple Inc.","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Apple_Inc.","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1048090","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1048090","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-09-01T20:53:20Z","dateModified":"2024-11-01T15:49:24Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/fa\/Apple_logo_black.svg","headline":"aspect of history"}</script> </body> </html>