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Roger Ducos - Wikipedia

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Available in 23 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Ducos" title="Roger Ducos – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Roger Ducos" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Ducos" title="Roger Ducos – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Roger Ducos" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Ducos" title="Roger Ducos – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Roger Ducos" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Ducos" title="Roger Ducos – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Roger Ducos" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Ducos" title="Roger Ducos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Roger Ducos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Ducos" title="Roger Ducos – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Roger Ducos" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Ducos" title="Roger Ducos – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Roger Ducos" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Ducos" title="Roger Ducos – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Roger Ducos" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9F%E1%83%94_%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D" title="როჟე დიუკო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="როჟე დიუკო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Ducos" title="Roger Ducos – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Roger Ducos" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B3" title="روجير دوكوس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="روجير دوكوس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%83%BB%E3%83%87%E3%83%A5%E3%82%B3" title="ロジェ・デュコ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロジェ・デュコ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Ducos" title="Roger Ducos – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Roger Ducos" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Roger_Ducos" title="Pierre Roger Ducos – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pierre Roger Ducos" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Ducos" title="Roger Ducos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Roger Ducos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8E%D0%BA%D0%BE,_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5" title="Дюко, Роже – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дюко, Роже" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Ducos" title="Roger Ducos – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Roger Ducos" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5-%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Роже-Дико – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Роже-Дико" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Ducos" title="Roger Ducos – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Roger Ducos" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Ducos" title="Roger Ducos – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Roger Ducos" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Ducos" title="Roger Ducos – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Roger Ducos" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8C_%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81" title="รอเฌ ดูว์โก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รอเฌ ดูว์โก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%AD%87%C2%B7%E8%BF%AA%E7%A7%91" title="罗歇·迪科 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="罗歇·迪科" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1663883#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Pierre Roger Ducos</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:AduC_233_Ducos_(R.,_1747-1816).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/AduC_233_Ducos_%28R.%2C_1747-1816%29.JPG/220px-AduC_233_Ducos_%28R.%2C_1747-1816%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/AduC_233_Ducos_%28R.%2C_1747-1816%29.JPG/330px-AduC_233_Ducos_%28R.%2C_1747-1816%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/AduC_233_Ducos_%28R.%2C_1747-1816%29.JPG/440px-AduC_233_Ducos_%28R.%2C_1747-1816%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/French_Consulate" title="French Consulate">Provisional Consul of France</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />10 November 1799&#160;–&#32;12 December 1799<div style="line-height:normal; padding-top:0.2em; padding-bottom:0.1em">Serving&#32;with&#32;<a href="/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on_Bonaparte" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoléon Bonaparte">Napoléon Bonaparte</a> and <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Joseph_Siey%C3%A8s" title="Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès">Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès</a></div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Office created</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles-Fran%C3%A7ois_Lebrun" title="Charles-François Lebrun">Charles-François Lebrun</a> (as Third Consul)</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/French_Directory" title="French Directory">Directory</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />18 June 1799&#160;–&#32;9 November 1799</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Marie_de_La_R%C3%A9velli%C3%A8re-L%C3%A9peaux" title="Louis Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux">Louis Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Office abolished</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">25 July 1747<br /><a href="/wiki/Montfort-en-Chalosse" title="Montfort-en-Chalosse">Montfort-en-Chalosse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aquitaine" title="Aquitaine">Aquitaine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">Kingdom of France</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">16 March 1816<span style="display:none">&#160;(<span class="dtend dday deathdate">1816-03-17</span>)</span> (aged&#160;68)<br /><a href="/wiki/Ulm" title="Ulm">Ulm</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_Confederation" title="German Confederation">German Confederation</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Pierre Roger Ducos</b> (25 July 1747&#160;&#8211;&#32;16 March 1816), better known as <b>Roger Ducos</b>, was a French political figure during the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">Revolution</a> and <a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">First Empire</a>, a member of the <a href="/wiki/National_Convention" title="National Convention">National Convention</a>, and of the <a href="/wiki/French_Directory" title="French Directory">Directory</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_the_Revolution">In the Revolution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Ducos&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: In the Revolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born in <a href="/wiki/Montfort-en-Chalosse" title="Montfort-en-Chalosse">Montfort-en-Chalosse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aquitaine" title="Aquitaine">Aquitaine</a> (now in <a href="/wiki/Landes_(department)" title="Landes (department)">Landes</a> department), he was elected deputy to the Convention by the <i><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9partement_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Département in France">département</a></i> of the Landes. He sat in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Plain" title="The Plain">The Plain</a></i> (the party which had no clear attitude, and served to sway the vote). He voted for the death of <a href="/wiki/King_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="King of France">King</a> <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XVI of France">Louis XVI</a>, without <a href="/wiki/Appeal" title="Appeal">appeal</a> or delay, but was not prominent in the Convention afterwards.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ducos was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Five_Hundred" title="Council of Five Hundred">Council of Five Hundred</a>, over which he presided on the <a href="/wiki/French_Directory#Rise_of_the_royalists_and_coup_d&#39;état_(1797)" title="French Directory">18th of Fructidor Coup</a> (1797). At the end of his term, he became a <a href="/wiki/Justice_of_the_peace" title="Justice of the peace">justice of the peace</a>, but after <a href="/wiki/Barth%C3%A9lemy_Catherine_Joubert" title="Barthélemy Catherine Joubert">Barthélemy Catherine Joubert</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Coup d&#39;état">coup d'état</a></i> (the <i><a href="/wiki/30_Prairial" class="mw-redirect" title="30 Prairial">30 Prairial of the year VIII</a></i>, or 18 June 1799), he was named a member of the executive Directory, thanks to the influence of <a href="/wiki/Paul_Fran%C3%A7ois_Jean_Nicolas,_vicomte_de_Barras" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul François Jean Nicolas, vicomte de Barras">Paul Barras</a>, who counted on Ducos as his partisan.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Consulate,_Empire,_and_exile"><span id="Consulate.2C_Empire.2C_and_exile"></span>Consulate, Empire, and exile</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Ducos&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Consulate, Empire, and exile"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 9 November 1799, Ducos accepted the <i>coup d'état</i> of <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_I_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon I of France">Napoleon Bonaparte</a> (the <i><a href="/wiki/18_Brumaire" class="mw-redirect" title="18 Brumaire">18 Brumaire</a></i>), and was one of the three <a href="/wiki/French_Consulate" title="French Consulate">Provisional Consuls</a> (with Napoleon and <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel-Joseph_Siey%C3%A8s" class="mw-redirect" title="Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyès">Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyès</a>), becoming vice-president of the <a href="/wiki/French_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="French Senate">Senate</a> with the arrival of a stable Consulate formula. He was many times honored under the <a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">Empire</a>, but in 1814 he abandoned Napoleon, and voted for his deposition.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>He sought to gain the favor of the government of the <a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France" title="Bourbon Restoration in France">Restoration</a>, but in 1816 was exiled on the basis of the law regarding the <i><a href="/wiki/Regicide" title="Regicide">regicides</a></i>. 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(1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Ducos,_Pierre_Roger" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Ducos, Pierre Roger">Ducos, Pierre Roger</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol.&#160;8 (11th&#160;ed.). 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href="/wiki/Louis_Marie_de_La_R%C3%A9velli%C3%A8re-L%C3%A9peaux" title="Louis Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux">Louis Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Fran%C3%A7ois_Jean_Nicolas,_vicomte_de_Barras" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul François Jean Nicolas, vicomte de Barras">Paul François Jean Nicolas, vicomte de Barras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Marie,_marquis_de_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="François-Marie, marquis de Barthélemy">François-Marie, marquis de Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe-Antoine_Merlin_de_Douai" title="Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai">Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Neufch%C3%A2teau" class="mw-redirect" title="François de Neufchâteau">François de Neufchâteau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Treilhard" title="Jean Baptiste Treilhard">Jean Baptiste Treilhard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Joseph_Siey%C3%A8s" title="Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès">Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois-Auguste_Moulin" title="Jean-François-Auguste Moulin">Jean-François-Auguste Moulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Gohier" title="Louis-Jérôme Gohier">Louis-Jérôme Gohier</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Roger Ducos</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Constitution_de_la_R%C3%A9publique_Fran%C3%A7aise_du_5_fructidor_an_3_(22_ao%C3%BBt_1795)._D%C3%A9claration_des_Droits_et_des_Devoirs_de_l%27Homme_et_du_Citoyen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Constitution_de_la_R%C3%A9publique_Fran%C3%A7aise_du_5_fructidor_an_3_%2822_ao%C3%BBt_1795%29._D%C3%A9claration_des_Droits_et_des_Devoirs_de_l%27Homme_et_du_Citoyen.jpg/100px-Constitution_de_la_R%C3%A9publique_Fran%C3%A7aise_du_5_fructidor_an_3_%2822_ao%C3%BBt_1795%29._D%C3%A9claration_des_Droits_et_des_Devoirs_de_l%27Homme_et_du_Citoyen.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Constitution_de_la_R%C3%A9publique_Fran%C3%A7aise_du_5_fructidor_an_3_%2822_ao%C3%BBt_1795%29._D%C3%A9claration_des_Droits_et_des_Devoirs_de_l%27Homme_et_du_Citoyen.jpg/150px-Constitution_de_la_R%C3%A9publique_Fran%C3%A7aise_du_5_fructidor_an_3_%2822_ao%C3%BBt_1795%29._D%C3%A9claration_des_Droits_et_des_Devoirs_de_l%27Homme_et_du_Citoyen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Constitution_de_la_R%C3%A9publique_Fran%C3%A7aise_du_5_fructidor_an_3_%2822_ao%C3%BBt_1795%29._D%C3%A9claration_des_Droits_et_des_Devoirs_de_l%27Homme_et_du_Citoyen.jpg/200px-Constitution_de_la_R%C3%A9publique_Fran%C3%A7aise_du_5_fructidor_an_3_%2822_ao%C3%BBt_1795%29._D%C3%A9claration_des_Droits_et_des_Devoirs_de_l%27Homme_et_du_Citoyen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4296" data-file-height="5260" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foreign Affairs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles-Fran%C3%A7ois_Delacroix" title="Charles-François Delacroix">Charles-François Delacroix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurice_de_Talleyrand-P%C3%A9rigord" title="Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord">Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles-Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Reinhard" title="Charles-Frédéric Reinhard">Charles-Frédéric Reinhard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Justice</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philippe-Antoine_Merlin_de_Douai" title="Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai">Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Joseph_Victor_G%C3%A9nissieu" title="Jean Joseph Victor Génissieu">Jean Joseph Victor Génissieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe-Antoine_Merlin_de_Douai" title="Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai">Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Joseph_Mathieu_Lambrechts" title="Charles Joseph Mathieu Lambrechts">Charles Joseph Mathieu Lambrechts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Jacques_R%C3%A9gis_de_Cambac%C3%A9r%C3%A8s" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Jacques Régis de Cambacérès">Jean Jacques Régis de Cambacérès</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">War</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Annibal_Aubert_du_Bayet" title="Jean-Baptiste Annibal Aubert du Bayet">Jean-Baptiste Annibal Aubert du Bayet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Louis_Petiet" title="Claude Louis Petiet">Claude Louis Petiet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazare_Hoche" title="Lazare Hoche">Lazare Hoche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barth%C3%A9lemy_Louis_Joseph_Sch%C3%A9rer" title="Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer">Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Marie_de_Milet_de_Mureau" title="Louis Marie de Milet de Mureau">Louis Marie de Milet de Mureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_XIV_John" title="Charles XIV John">Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmond_Louis_Alexis_Dubois-Cranc%C3%A9" title="Edmond Louis Alexis Dubois-Crancé">Edmond Louis Alexis Dubois-Crancé</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Finance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin-Michel-Charles_Gaudin" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin-Michel-Charles Gaudin">Martin-Michel-Charles Gaudin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume-Charles_Faipoult" title="Guillaume-Charles Faipoult">Guillaume-Charles Faipoult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominique-Vincent_Ramel-Nogaret" title="Dominique-Vincent Ramel-Nogaret">Dominique-Vincent Ramel-Nogaret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Robert_Lindet" title="Jean-Baptiste Robert Lindet">Jean-Baptiste Robert Lindet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe-Antoine_Merlin_de_Douai" title="Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai">Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Police</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cochon_de_Lapparent" title="Charles Cochon de Lapparent">Charles Cochon de Lapparent</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Jacques_Lenoir-Laroche&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Jacques Lenoir-Laroche (page does not exist)">Jean-Jacques Lenoir-Laroche</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Marie_Sotin_de_La_Coindi%C3%A8re&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Marie Sotin de La Coindière (page does not exist)">Jean-Marie Sotin de La Coindière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Dondeau" title="Nicolas Dondeau">Nicolas Dondeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Jean_Fran%C3%A7ois_Philibert_Lecarlier_d%27Ardon" title="Marie Jean François Philibert Lecarlier d&#39;Ardon">Marie Jean François Philibert Lecarlier d'Ardon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Pierre_Duval&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Pierre Duval (page does not exist)">Jean-Pierre Duval</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_S%C3%A9bastien_Bourguignon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Claude Sébastien Bourguignon (page does not exist)">Claude Sébastien Bourguignon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Fouch%C3%A9" title="Joseph Fouché">Joseph Fouché</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Interior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_B%C3%A9n%C3%A9zech" title="Pierre Bénézech">Pierre Bénézech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Neufch%C3%A2teau" class="mw-redirect" title="François de Neufchâteau">François de Neufchâteau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_S%C3%A9bastien_Letourneux" title="François Sébastien Letourneux">François Sébastien Letourneux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Neufch%C3%A2teau" class="mw-redirect" title="François de Neufchâteau">François de Neufchâteau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Marie_Quinette" title="Nicolas Marie Quinette">Nicolas Marie Quinette</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Navy and Colonies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laurent_Jean_Fran%C3%A7ois_Truguet" title="Laurent Jean François Truguet">Laurent Jean François Truguet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Ren%C3%A9_Le_Peley_de_Pl%C3%A9ville" title="Georges René Le Peley de Pléville">Georges René Le Peley de Pléville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Eustache_Bruix" title="Étienne Eustache Bruix">Étienne Eustache Bruix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc-Antoine_Bourdon_de_Vatry" title="Marc-Antoine Bourdon de Vatry">Marc-Antoine Bourdon de Vatry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>Preceded by <a href="/wiki/National_Convention" title="National Convention">National Convention</a></li> <li>Followed by <a href="/wiki/French_Consulate" title="French Consulate">French Consulate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="French_Consulate_(10_November_1799_–_18_May_1804)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:French_Consulate" title="Template:French Consulate"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:French_Consulate" title="Template talk:French Consulate"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:French_Consulate" title="Special:EditPage/Template:French Consulate"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="French_Consulate_(10_November_1799_–_18_May_1804)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/French_Consulate" title="French Consulate">French Consulate</a> (10 November 1799 – 18 May 1804)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Provisional consuls</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon Bonaparte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Joseph_Siey%C3%A8s" title="Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès">Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Roger Ducos</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bonaparte_Premier_consul.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Bonaparte_Premier_consul.jpg/100px-Bonaparte_Premier_consul.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Bonaparte_Premier_consul.jpg/150px-Bonaparte_Premier_consul.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Bonaparte_Premier_consul.jpg/200px-Bonaparte_Premier_consul.jpg 2x" data-file-width="526" data-file-height="760" /></a></span><br />Bonaparte<br />First Consul</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Consuls</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon Bonaparte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Jacques_R%C3%A9gis_de_Cambac%C3%A9r%C3%A8s" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Jacques Régis de Cambacérès">Jean Jacques Régis de Cambacérès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles-Fran%C3%A7ois_Lebrun,_duc_de_Plaisance" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles-François Lebrun, duc de Plaisance">Charles-François Lebrun, duc de Plaisance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foreign Affairs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles-Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Reinhard" title="Charles-Frédéric Reinhard">Charles-Frédéric Reinhard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurice_de_Talleyrand-P%C3%A9rigord" title="Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord">Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Justice</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Jacques_R%C3%A9gis_de_Cambac%C3%A9r%C3%A8s" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Jacques Régis de Cambacérès">Jean Jacques Régis de Cambacérès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Joseph_Abrial" title="André Joseph Abrial">André Joseph Abrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Ambroise_R%C3%A9gnier" title="Claude Ambroise Régnier">Claude Ambroise Régnier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">War</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Alexandre_Berthier" title="Louis-Alexandre Berthier">Louis-Alexandre Berthier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazare_Carnot" title="Lazare Carnot">Lazare Carnot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Alexandre_Berthier" title="Louis-Alexandre Berthier">Louis-Alexandre Berthier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Finance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Martin-Michel-Charles_Gaudin" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin-Michel-Charles Gaudin">Martin-Michel-Charles Gaudin</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Police</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Fouch%C3%A9" title="Joseph Fouché">Joseph Fouché</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Interior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Simon_Laplace" title="Pierre-Simon Laplace">Pierre-Simon Laplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucien_Bonaparte" title="Lucien Bonaparte">Lucien Bonaparte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Antoine_Chaptal" title="Jean-Antoine Chaptal">Jean-Antoine Chaptal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Navy and Colonies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marc-Antoine_Bourdon_de_Vatry" title="Marc-Antoine Bourdon de Vatry">Marc-Antoine Bourdon de Vatry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Alexandre-Laurent_Forfait" title="Pierre-Alexandre-Laurent Forfait">Pierre-Alexandre-Laurent Forfait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Decr%C3%A8s" title="Denis Decrès">Denis Decrès</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Secretary of State</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Hugues-Bernard_Maret,_duc_de_Bassano" title="Hugues-Bernard Maret, duc de Bassano">Hugues-Bernard Maret, duc de Bassano</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Treasury</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Barb%C3%A9-Marbois" title="François Barbé-Marbois">François Barbé-Marbois</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">War Administration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Fran%C3%A7ois_Aim%C3%A9_Dejean" title="Jean François Aimé Dejean">Jean François Aimé Dejean</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>Preceded by <a href="/wiki/French_Directory" title="French Directory">French Directory</a></li> <li>Followed by <a href="/wiki/First_Cabinet_of_Napoleon_I" title="First Cabinet of Napoleon I">First Cabinet of Napoleon I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1663883#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1663883#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1663883#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119121948">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n90692108">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb129578347">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb129578347">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Ducos, Roger &lt;1747-1816&gt;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/TO0V519118">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an48864356">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p274158590">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/21549079">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.assemblee-nationale.fr/sycomore/fiche/(num_dept)/12707">Sycomore</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1489127">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd119121948.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/119121948">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/032640552">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6qk22cq">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐5bdb56698‐jlcwp Cached time: 20241130124507 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 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