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Available in 14 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis-J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Gohier" title="Louis-Jérôme Gohier – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Louis-Jérôme Gohier" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C-%DA%98%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85_%DA%AF%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%87" title="لوئی-ژروم گویه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لوئی-ژروم گویه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis-J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Gohier" title="Louis-Jérôme Gohier – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Louis-Jérôme Gohier" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Gohier" title="Louis Gohier – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Louis Gohier" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%98_%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%98%E1%83%94" title="ლუი გოიე – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლუი გოიე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludovicus_Gohier" title="Ludovicus Gohier – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ludovicus Gohier" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis-J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Gohier" title="Louis-Jérôme Gohier – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Louis-Jérôme Gohier" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AB%E3%82%A4%EF%BC%9D%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B4%E3%82%A4%E3%82%A8" title="ルイ＝ジェローム・ゴイエ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ルイ＝ジェローム・ゴイエ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis-J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Gohier" title="Louis-Jérôme Gohier – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Louis-Jérôme Gohier" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Gohier" title="Louis Gohier – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Louis Gohier" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%B5,_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8" title="Гойе, Луи – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гойе, Луи" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Gohier" title="Louis Jérôme Gohier – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Louis Jérôme Gohier" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis-J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Gohier" title="Louis-Jérôme Gohier – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Louis-Jérôme Gohier" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C-%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1_%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A2" title="หลุยส์-เฌโรม กอเย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="หลุยส์-เฌโรม กอเย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1355402#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">French politician (1746–1830)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Louis-Jérôme Gohier</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Louis-J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Gohier.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Louis-J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Gohier.jpg/220px-Louis-J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Gohier.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Louis-J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Gohier.jpg/330px-Louis-J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Gohier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Louis-J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Gohier.jpg/440px-Louis-J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Gohier.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3996" data-file-height="4761" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Portrait by <a href="/wiki/Jacques-Augustin-Catherine_Pajou" title="Jacques-Augustin-Catherine Pajou">Jacques-Augustin-Catherine Pajou</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1802</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1746-02-27</span>)</span>27 February 1746<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Semblan%C3%A7ay" title="Semblançay">Semblançay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indre-et-Loire" title="Indre-et-Loire">Indre-et-Loire</a>, France</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">29 May 1830<span style="display:none">(1830-05-29)</span> (aged 84)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Eaubonne" title="Eaubonne">Eaubonne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Val_d%27Oise" class="mw-redirect" title="Val d'Oise">Val d'Oise</a>, France</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Unterschrift_Louis-J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Gohier_(1746-1830).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Unterschrift_Louis-J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Gohier_%281746-1830%29.png/150px-Unterschrift_Louis-J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Gohier_%281746-1830%29.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Unterschrift_Louis-J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Gohier_%281746-1830%29.png/225px-Unterschrift_Louis-J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Gohier_%281746-1830%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Unterschrift_Louis-J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Gohier_%281746-1830%29.png/300px-Unterschrift_Louis-J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Gohier_%281746-1830%29.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="228" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Louis-Jérôme Gohier</b> (27 February 1746 – 29 May 1830) was a French politician of the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">Revolutionary</a> period. </p><p>Gohier was born in <a href="/wiki/Semblan%C3%A7ay" title="Semblançay">Semblançay</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Indre-et-Loire" title="Indre-et-Loire">Indre-et-Loire</a> department of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>. The son of a notary, he practiced law in <a href="/wiki/Rennes" title="Rennes">Rennes</a>. In 1789, he was one of the deputies of the <i><a href="/wiki/Estates_of_the_realm" title="Estates of the realm">tiers état</a></i> (Third Estate, representing the "Commoners") elected to represent the town in the <a href="/wiki/Estates-General_of_1789" class="mw-redirect" title="Estates-General of 1789">Estates-general</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_(France)" title="Legislative Assembly (France)">Legislative Assembly</a>, he represented <a href="/wiki/Ille-et-Vilaine" title="Ille-et-Vilaine">Ille-et-Vilaine</a>, taking a prominent part in the deliberations. He protested against the exaction of a <a href="/wiki/Civil_Constitution_of_the_Clergy" title="Civil Constitution of the Clergy">new oath from priests</a> (22 November 1791), and demanded the sequestration of the <i><a href="/wiki/%C3%89migr%C3%A9" title="Émigré">émigrés</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span> property (7 February 1792). </p><p>Gohier was <a href="/wiki/List_of_Justice_Ministers_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Justice Ministers of France">Minister of Justice</a> from March 1793 to April 1794, overseeing the arrest of <a href="/wiki/Girondist" class="mw-redirect" title="Girondist">Girondists</a>, and a member of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Five_Hundred" title="Council of Five Hundred">Council of Five Hundred</a>. He succeeded <a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Treilhard" title="Jean Baptiste Treilhard">Jean Baptiste Treilhard</a> in the <a href="/wiki/French_Directory" title="French Directory">French Directory</a> (June 1799), where he represented the <a href="/wiki/First_French_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="First French Republic">republican</a> view in the face of growing <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">royalist</a> opposition. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gohier's_interaction_with_Bonaparte"><span id="Gohier.27s_interaction_with_Bonaparte"></span>Gohier's interaction with Bonaparte</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis-J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Gohier&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Gohier's interaction with Bonaparte"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Bonaparte</a> suddenly returned from the <a href="/wiki/Campaigns_of_1799_in_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="Campaigns of 1799 in the French Revolutionary Wars">Egyptian campaign</a> in October 1799, he repeatedly tried to win the support of Gohier, who was then president of the Directory, for his political projects. After Bonaparte's <a href="/wiki/18_Brumaire" class="mw-redirect" title="18 Brumaire">18 Brumaire</a> (9 November 1799) <i>coup d'état</i>, Gohier refused to resign his office. He sought an audience with Bonaparte at the <a href="/wiki/Tuileries_Palace" title="Tuileries Palace">Tuileries Palace</a>, in an attempt to save the Republic, but was put under arrest and escorted to the <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_Palace" title="Luxembourg Palace">Luxembourg Palace</a>. On his release, two days later, he retired to his estate at <a href="/wiki/Eaubonne" title="Eaubonne">Eaubonne</a>. </p><p>In 1802, Napoleon Bonaparte made Gohier <a href="/wiki/Consul_(representative)" title="Consul (representative)">consul-general</a> at <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a> (in the <a href="/wiki/Batavian_Republic" title="Batavian Republic">Batavian Republic</a>), and on the union of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Holland" title="Kingdom of Holland">Kingdom of Holland</a> with the <a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">French Empire</a>, he was offered a similar post in the United States. However, Gohier's health did not permit him to take up this new appointment. He thenceforward suffered from diseases for more than 20 years, before dying at <a href="/wiki/Eaubonne" title="Eaubonne">Eaubonne</a> (16 kilometers north of Paris). His wife, who had been a close friend to <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9phine_de_Beauharnais" title="Joséphine de Beauharnais">Joséphine de Beauharnais</a>, had died in 1825, and, upon his death, Gohier left his wealth and surname to <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9lanie_Hahnemann" title="Mélanie Hahnemann">Mélanie d'Hervilly Hahnemann</a>. </p><p>Gohier is buried next to his wife at the <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8re_Lachaise_cemetery" class="mw-redirect" title="Père Lachaise cemetery">Père Lachaise cemetery</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis-J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Gohier&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Mémoires d'un vétéran irréprochable de la Révolution</i> (published in 1824)</li> <li>A report on the papers of the <a href="/wiki/Civil_list" title="Civil list">civil list</a> preparatory to the trial of <a href="/wiki/List_of_French_monarchs" title="List of French monarchs">King</a> <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XVI of France">Louis XVI</a>, printed in <i>Le Procès de Louis XVI</i> (Paris) etc., while other reports are featured in the <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Moniteur_Universel" title="Le Moniteur Universel">Le Moniteur Universel</a></i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis-J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Gohier&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Louis_Gohier" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Louis Gohier">Louis Gohier</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Gohier,_Louis_J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Gohier, Louis Jérôme">Gohier, Louis Jérôme</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Gohier%2C+Louis+J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis-J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me+Gohier" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Dominique_Joseph_Garat" title="Dominique Joseph Garat">Dominique Joseph Garat</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Justice_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Justice (France)">Minister of Justice</a> </b><br />1793–1794 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Philippe-Antoine_Merlin_de_Douai" title="Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai">Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ministers_of_the_French_National_Convention" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ministers of the French National Convention"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ministers_of_the_French_National_Convention_(10_August_1792_to_1_April_1794)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ministers_of_the_French_National_Convention" title="Ministers of the French National Convention">Ministers of the French National Convention</a> (10 August 1792 to 1 April 1794)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foreign Affairs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Henri_H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne_Marie_Lebrun-Tondu" title="Pierre Henri Hélène Marie Lebrun-Tondu">Pierre Henri Hélène Marie Lebrun-Tondu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Louis_Michel_Chemin_Deforgues" title="François Louis Michel Chemin Deforgues">François Louis Michel Chemin Deforgues</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">War</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Marie_Servan_de_Gerbey" title="Joseph Marie Servan de Gerbey">Joseph Marie Servan de Gerbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Nicolas_Pache" title="Jean-Nicolas Pache">Jean-Nicolas Pache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_de_Ruel,_marquis_de_Beurnonville" title="Pierre de Ruel, marquis de Beurnonville">Pierre Riel de Beurnonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_No%C3%ABl_Bouchotte" title="Jean Baptiste Noël Bouchotte">Jean Baptiste Noël Bouchotte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Justice</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Danton" title="Georges Danton">Georges Danton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominique_Joseph_Garat" title="Dominique Joseph Garat">Dominique Joseph Garat</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Louis-Jérôme Gohier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Interior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Roland,_vicomte_de_la_Plati%C3%A8re" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean-Marie Roland, vicomte de la Platière">Jean-Marie Roland, vicomte de la Platière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominique_Joseph_Garat" title="Dominique Joseph Garat">Dominique Joseph Garat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules-Fran%C3%A7ois_Par%C3%A9" title="Jules-François Paré">Jules-François Paré</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Finance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Clavi%C3%A8re" title="Étienne Clavière">Étienne Clavière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Gr%C3%A9goire_Deschamps_Destournelles" title="Louis Grégoire Deschamps Destournelles">Louis Grégoire Deschamps Destournelles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Navy and Colonies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaspard_Monge" title="Gaspard Monge">Gaspard Monge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Dalbarade" title="Jean Dalbarade">Jean Dalbarade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Preceded by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministers_of_Louis_XVI_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministers of Louis XVI of France (page does not exist)">Ministers of Louis XVI of France</a> • Followed by <a href="/wiki/French_Directory" title="French Directory">French Directory</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="French_Directory_(2_November_1795_to_10_November_1799)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:French_Directory" title="Template:French Directory"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:French_Directory" title="Template talk:French Directory"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:French_Directory" title="Special:EditPage/Template:French Directory"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="French_Directory_(2_November_1795_to_10_November_1799)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/French_Directory" title="French Directory">French Directory</a> (2 November 1795 to 10 November 1799)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Directors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lazare_Carnot" title="Lazare Carnot">Lazare Carnot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne-Fran%C3%A7ois_Letourneur" title="Étienne-François Letourneur">Étienne-François Letourneur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Rewbell" title="Jean-François Rewbell">Jean-François Rewbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Marie_de_La_R%C3%A9velli%C3%A8re-L%C3%A9peaux" title="Louis Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux">Louis Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Fran%C3%A7ois_Jean_Nicolas,_vicomte_de_Barras" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul François Jean Nicolas, vicomte de Barras">Paul François Jean Nicolas, vicomte de Barras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Marie,_marquis_de_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="François-Marie, marquis de Barthélemy">François-Marie, marquis de Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe-Antoine_Merlin_de_Douai" title="Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai">Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Neufch%C3%A2teau" class="mw-redirect" title="François de Neufchâteau">François de Neufchâteau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Treilhard" title="Jean Baptiste Treilhard">Jean Baptiste Treilhard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Joseph_Siey%C3%A8s" title="Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès">Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois-Auguste_Moulin" title="Jean-François-Auguste Moulin">Jean-François-Auguste Moulin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Louis-Jérôme Gohier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Ducos" title="Roger Ducos">Roger Ducos</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Constitution_de_la_R%C3%A9publique_Fran%C3%A7aise_du_5_fructidor_an_3_(22_ao%C3%BBt_1795)._D%C3%A9claration_des_Droits_et_des_Devoirs_de_l%27Homme_et_du_Citoyen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Constitution_de_la_R%C3%A9publique_Fran%C3%A7aise_du_5_fructidor_an_3_%2822_ao%C3%BBt_1795%29._D%C3%A9claration_des_Droits_et_des_Devoirs_de_l%27Homme_et_du_Citoyen.jpg/100px-Constitution_de_la_R%C3%A9publique_Fran%C3%A7aise_du_5_fructidor_an_3_%2822_ao%C3%BBt_1795%29._D%C3%A9claration_des_Droits_et_des_Devoirs_de_l%27Homme_et_du_Citoyen.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Constitution_de_la_R%C3%A9publique_Fran%C3%A7aise_du_5_fructidor_an_3_%2822_ao%C3%BBt_1795%29._D%C3%A9claration_des_Droits_et_des_Devoirs_de_l%27Homme_et_du_Citoyen.jpg/150px-Constitution_de_la_R%C3%A9publique_Fran%C3%A7aise_du_5_fructidor_an_3_%2822_ao%C3%BBt_1795%29._D%C3%A9claration_des_Droits_et_des_Devoirs_de_l%27Homme_et_du_Citoyen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Constitution_de_la_R%C3%A9publique_Fran%C3%A7aise_du_5_fructidor_an_3_%2822_ao%C3%BBt_1795%29._D%C3%A9claration_des_Droits_et_des_Devoirs_de_l%27Homme_et_du_Citoyen.jpg/200px-Constitution_de_la_R%C3%A9publique_Fran%C3%A7aise_du_5_fructidor_an_3_%2822_ao%C3%BBt_1795%29._D%C3%A9claration_des_Droits_et_des_Devoirs_de_l%27Homme_et_du_Citoyen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4296" data-file-height="5260" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foreign Affairs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles-Fran%C3%A7ois_Delacroix" title="Charles-François Delacroix">Charles-François Delacroix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurice_de_Talleyrand-P%C3%A9rigord" title="Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord">Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles-Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Reinhard" title="Charles-Frédéric Reinhard">Charles-Frédéric Reinhard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Justice</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philippe-Antoine_Merlin_de_Douai" title="Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai">Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Joseph_Victor_G%C3%A9nissieu" title="Jean Joseph Victor Génissieu">Jean Joseph Victor Génissieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe-Antoine_Merlin_de_Douai" title="Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai">Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Joseph_Mathieu_Lambrechts" title="Charles Joseph Mathieu Lambrechts">Charles Joseph Mathieu Lambrechts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Jacques_R%C3%A9gis_de_Cambac%C3%A9r%C3%A8s" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Jacques Régis de Cambacérès">Jean Jacques Régis de Cambacérès</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">War</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Annibal_Aubert_du_Bayet" title="Jean-Baptiste Annibal Aubert du Bayet">Jean-Baptiste Annibal Aubert du Bayet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Louis_Petiet" title="Claude Louis Petiet">Claude Louis Petiet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazare_Hoche" title="Lazare Hoche">Lazare Hoche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barth%C3%A9lemy_Louis_Joseph_Sch%C3%A9rer" title="Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer">Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Marie_de_Milet_de_Mureau" title="Louis Marie de Milet de Mureau">Louis Marie de Milet de Mureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_XIV_John" title="Charles XIV John">Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmond_Louis_Alexis_Dubois-Cranc%C3%A9" title="Edmond Louis Alexis Dubois-Crancé">Edmond Louis Alexis Dubois-Crancé</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Finance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin-Michel-Charles_Gaudin" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin-Michel-Charles Gaudin">Martin-Michel-Charles Gaudin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume-Charles_Faipoult" title="Guillaume-Charles Faipoult">Guillaume-Charles Faipoult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominique-Vincent_Ramel-Nogaret" title="Dominique-Vincent Ramel-Nogaret">Dominique-Vincent Ramel-Nogaret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Robert_Lindet" title="Jean-Baptiste Robert Lindet">Jean-Baptiste Robert Lindet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe-Antoine_Merlin_de_Douai" title="Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai">Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Police</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cochon_de_Lapparent" title="Charles Cochon de Lapparent">Charles Cochon de Lapparent</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Jacques_Lenoir-Laroche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Jacques Lenoir-Laroche (page does not exist)">Jean-Jacques Lenoir-Laroche</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Marie_Sotin_de_La_Coindi%C3%A8re&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Marie Sotin de La Coindière (page does not exist)">Jean-Marie Sotin de La Coindière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Dondeau" title="Nicolas Dondeau">Nicolas Dondeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Jean_Fran%C3%A7ois_Philibert_Lecarlier_d%27Ardon" title="Marie Jean François Philibert Lecarlier d'Ardon">Marie Jean François Philibert Lecarlier d'Ardon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Duval" title="Jean-Pierre Duval">Jean-Pierre Duval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_S%C3%A9bastien_Bourguignon" title="Claude Sébastien Bourguignon">Claude Sébastien Bourguignon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Fouch%C3%A9" title="Joseph Fouché">Joseph Fouché</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Interior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_B%C3%A9n%C3%A9zech" title="Pierre Bénézech">Pierre Bénézech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Neufch%C3%A2teau" class="mw-redirect" title="François de Neufchâteau">François de Neufchâteau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_S%C3%A9bastien_Letourneux" title="François Sébastien Letourneux">François Sébastien Letourneux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Neufch%C3%A2teau" class="mw-redirect" title="François de Neufchâteau">François de Neufchâteau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Marie_Quinette" title="Nicolas Marie Quinette">Nicolas Marie Quinette</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Navy and Colonies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laurent_Jean_Fran%C3%A7ois_Truguet" title="Laurent Jean François Truguet">Laurent Jean François Truguet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Ren%C3%A9_Le_Peley_de_Pl%C3%A9ville" title="Georges René Le Peley de Pléville">Georges René Le Peley de Pléville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Eustache_Bruix" title="Étienne Eustache Bruix">Étienne Eustache Bruix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc-Antoine_Bourdon_de_Vatry" title="Marc-Antoine Bourdon de Vatry">Marc-Antoine Bourdon de Vatry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>Preceded by <a href="/wiki/National_Convention" title="National Convention">National Convention</a></li> <li>Followed by <a href="/wiki/French_Consulate" title="French Consulate">French Consulate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1355402#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1355402#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1355402#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000083572151">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/12348669">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1495540/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJwCY8pdgvrhRYWgTf7JXd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/116746033">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no90009770">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12169248k">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12169248k">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=mzk2009511625&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX5572259">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p070053154">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810620826905606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/273317">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14181348">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" 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