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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>19th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_stamping_mills" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_stamping_mills"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Other stamping mills</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_stamping_mills-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> 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title="Pochwerk – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pochwerk" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molino_de_pis%C3%B3n" title="Molino de pisón – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Molino de pisón" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%B3%D9%86%DA%AF_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="آسیاب سنگ کوبی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آسیاب سنگ کوبی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bocard" title="Bocard – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bocard" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%90%97%E9%89%B1%E6%A9%9F" title="搗鉱機 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="搗鉱機" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stampem%C3%B8lle" title="Stampemølle – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Stampemølle" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/LOC_MI0086_QuincyMine_TIF_00027a_cropStampMill.png/220px-LOC_MI0086_QuincyMine_TIF_00027a_cropStampMill.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/LOC_MI0086_QuincyMine_TIF_00027a_cropStampMill.png/330px-LOC_MI0086_QuincyMine_TIF_00027a_cropStampMill.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/LOC_MI0086_QuincyMine_TIF_00027a_cropStampMill.png/440px-LOC_MI0086_QuincyMine_TIF_00027a_cropStampMill.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1350" /></a><figcaption>Section of <a href="/wiki/Quincy_Mine" title="Quincy Mine">Quincy Mine</a> <a href="/wiki/Unit_operation" title="Unit operation">unit operations</a> <a href="/wiki/File:LOC_MI0086_QuincyMine_TIF_00027a.png" title="File:LOC MI0086 QuincyMine TIF 00027a.png">diagram</a> showing <a href="/wiki/Allis-Chalmers_Manufacturing_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing Company">Allis</a> <a href="/wiki/Steam" title="Steam">Steam</a> Stamp Mill</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>stamp mill</b> (or <b>stamp battery</b> or <b>stamping mill</b>) is a type of <a href="/wiki/Mill_(grinding)" title="Mill (grinding)">mill machine</a> that crushes material by pounding rather than <a href="/wiki/Mill_(grinding)" title="Mill (grinding)">grinding</a>, either for further processing or for extraction of metallic ores. Breaking material down is a type of <a href="/wiki/Unit_operation" title="Unit operation">unit operation</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stamp_mill&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:StampMillDetail5730.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/StampMillDetail5730.JPG/220px-StampMillDetail5730.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/StampMillDetail5730.JPG/330px-StampMillDetail5730.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/StampMillDetail5730.JPG/440px-StampMillDetail5730.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Detail of Californian stamp showing offset cam and rotating lifter</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grabill_-_Clean_Up_day_at_the_Deadwood_Terra_Gold_Stamp_Mill.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Grabill_-_Clean_Up_day_at_the_Deadwood_Terra_Gold_Stamp_Mill.jpg/220px-Grabill_-_Clean_Up_day_at_the_Deadwood_Terra_Gold_Stamp_Mill.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Grabill_-_Clean_Up_day_at_the_Deadwood_Terra_Gold_Stamp_Mill.jpg/330px-Grabill_-_Clean_Up_day_at_the_Deadwood_Terra_Gold_Stamp_Mill.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Grabill_-_Clean_Up_day_at_the_Deadwood_Terra_Gold_Stamp_Mill.jpg/440px-Grabill_-_Clean_Up_day_at_the_Deadwood_Terra_Gold_Stamp_Mill.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5113" data-file-height="4075" /></a><figcaption>Interior of the Deadwood Terra Gold Stamp Mill</figcaption></figure> <p>A stamp mill consists of a set of heavy <a href="/wiki/Steel" title="Steel">steel</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a>-shod <a href="/wiki/Wood" title="Wood">wood</a> in some cases) stamps, loosely held vertically in a frame, in which the stamps can slide up and down. They are lifted by <a href="/wiki/Cam_(mechanism)" title="Cam (mechanism)">cams</a> on a horizontal rotating <a href="/wiki/Camshaft" title="Camshaft">shaft</a>. As the cam moves from under the stamp, the stamp falls onto the ore below, crushing the rock, and the lifting process is repeated at the next pass of the cam. </p><p>Each one frame and stamp set is sometimes called a "battery" or, confusingly, a "stamp" and mills are sometimes categorised by how many stamps they have, i.e. a "10 stamp mill" has 10 sets. They usually are arranged linearly, but when a mill is enlarged, a new line of them may be constructed rather than extending the line. Abandoned mill sites (as documented by <a href="/wiki/Industrial_archaeology" title="Industrial archaeology">industrial archaeologists</a>) will usually have linear rows of foundation sets as their most prominent visible feature as the overall apparatus can exceed 20 feet in height, requiring large foundations. Stamps are usually arranged in sets of five. </p><p>Some ore processing applications used large quantities of water so some stamp mills are located near natural or artificial bodies of water. For example, the <a href="/wiki/Redridge_Steel_Dam" title="Redridge Steel Dam">Redridge Steel Dam</a> was built to supply stamp mills with process water. The California Stamp made its major debut at the 1894 San Francisco midsummer fair. It was the first type that generated electricity, powered by a wood feed steam boiler. Steam started the wheels and belts turning; a generator that also was steam driven supplied the electricity for overhead lighting. This was a big plus for mining company, enabling more production time. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stamp_mill&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Agricola_Stamp_ore_crusher.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Agricola_Stamp_ore_crusher.png/220px-Agricola_Stamp_ore_crusher.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Agricola_Stamp_ore_crusher.png/330px-Agricola_Stamp_ore_crusher.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Agricola_Stamp_ore_crusher.png/440px-Agricola_Stamp_ore_crusher.png 2x" data-file-width="551" data-file-height="569" /></a><figcaption>Ore stamp mill in <a href="/wiki/Georg_Agricola" class="mw-redirect" title="Georg Agricola">Georg Agricola</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/De_re_metallica" title="De re metallica">De re metallica</a></i> (1556)</figcaption></figure> <p>The main components for water-powered stamp mills – <a href="/wiki/Water_wheel" title="Water wheel">water wheels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cam_(mechanism)" title="Cam (mechanism)">cams</a>, and hammers – were known in the <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellenistic civilization">Hellenistic era</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Mediterranean" title="Eastern Mediterranean">Eastern Mediterranean</a> region.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ancient_history" title="Ancient history">Ancient</a> cams are in evidence in early water-powered <a href="/wiki/Automaton" title="Automaton">automata</a> from the third century BC.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilson,_p.16_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson,_p.16-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A passage in the <i><a href="/wiki/Natural_History_(Pliny)" title="Natural History (Pliny)">Natural History</a></i> of the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Roman</a> scholar <a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny</a> (NH 18.23) indicates that water-driven pestles had become fairly widespread in Italy by the first century AD: "The greater part of Italy uses an unshod pestle and also wheels which water turns as it flows past, and a trip-hammer [mola]".<sup id="cite_ref-Wilson,_p.16_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson,_p.16-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These trip-hammers were used for the pounding and hulling of <a href="/wiki/Grain" title="Grain">grain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilson,_p.16_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson,_p.16-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Grain-pounders with pestles, as well as ordinary <a href="/wiki/Watermill" title="Watermill">watermills</a>, are also attested as late as the middle of the fifth century in a <a href="/wiki/Monastery" title="Monastery">monastery</a> founded by <a href="/wiki/Romanus_of_Condat" title="Romanus of Condat">Romanus of Condat</a> in the remote <a href="/wiki/Jura_Mountains" title="Jura Mountains">Jura</a> region, indicating that the knowledge of trip hammers continued into the early <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilson,_p.16_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson,_p.16-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Apart from agricultural processing, archaeological evidence also strongly suggests the existence of trip hammers in Roman metal working. In <a href="/wiki/Ickham" class="mw-redirect" title="Ickham">Ickham</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a>, a large metal hammer-head with mechanical deformations was excavated in an area where several Roman water-mills and metal waste dumps have also been traced.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilson,_p.16_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson,_p.16-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The widest application of stamp mills, however, seems to have occurred in Roman mining, where <a href="/wiki/Ore" title="Ore">ore</a> from deep veins was first crushed into small pieces for further processing.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilson,_p.21f._3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson,_p.21f.-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Here, the regularity and spacing of large indentations on stone <a href="/wiki/Anvil" title="Anvil">anvils</a> indicate the use of cam-operated ore stamps, much like the devices of later <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">medieval</a> mining.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilson,_p.21f._3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson,_p.21f.-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Barry_C._Burnham,_p.333-335_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barry_C._Burnham,_p.333-335-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such mechanically deformed anvils have been found at numerous Roman silver and gold mining sites in <a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">Western Europe</a>, including at <a href="/wiki/Dolaucothi" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolaucothi">Dolaucothi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>), and on the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Wilson,_p.21f._3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson,_p.21f.-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Barry_C._Burnham,_p.333-335_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barry_C._Burnham,_p.333-335-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where the datable examples are from the 1st and 2nd century AD.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At Dolaucothi, these stamp mills were hydraulic-driven and possibly also at other Roman mining sites, where the large scale use of the <a href="/wiki/Hushing" title="Hushing">hushing and ground sluicing technique</a> meant that large amounts of water were directly available for powering the machines.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilson,_p.21f._3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson,_p.21f.-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Stamp mills were used by miners in <a href="/wiki/Samarkand" title="Samarkand">Samarkand</a> as early as 973. They were used in medieval <a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persia">Persia</a> to crush mineral ores. By the 11th century, stamp mills were in widespread use throughout the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Golden_Age" title="Islamic Golden Age">medieval Islamic world</a>, from <a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">Islamic Spain</a> and North Africa in the west to <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a> in the east.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Water-powered and mechanised trip hammers reappeared in medieval Europe by the 12th century. Their use was described in medieval written sources of <a href="/wiki/Styria" title="Styria">Styria</a> (in modern-day Austria), one from 1135, and another from 1175. Both texts mentioned the use of vertical stamp mills for ore-crushing. Medieval French sources of the years 1116 and 1249 both record the use of mechanised <a href="/wiki/Trip_hammer" title="Trip hammer">trip hammers</a> used in the forging of <a href="/wiki/Wrought_iron" title="Wrought iron">wrought iron</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-n379_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-n379-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Medieval European trip hammers by the 15th century were most often in the shape of the vertical pestle stamp-mill.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The well-known <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> artist and inventor <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci" title="Leonardo da Vinci">Leonardo da Vinci</a> often sketched trip hammers for use in forges and even file-cutting machinery, those of the vertical pestle stamp-mill type. The oldest depicted European illustration of a <i>martinet</i> forge-hammer is perhaps in the <i><a href="/wiki/Historia_de_Gentibus_Septentrionalibus" class="mw-redirect" title="Historia de Gentibus Septentrionalibus">Historia de Gentibus Septentrionalibus</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Olaus_Magnus" title="Olaus Magnus">Olaus Magnus</a>, dated to 1565 AD. This woodcut image depicts three martinets, and a waterwheel working the wood and leather bellows of an osmund (<a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmund" class="extiw" title="sv:Osmund">sv</a>) <a href="/wiki/Bloomery" title="Bloomery">bloomery</a> furnace. The recumbent trip hammer was first depicted in European artwork in an illustration by <a href="/wiki/Joachim_von_Sandrart" title="Joachim von Sandrart">Sandrart</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vittorio_Zonca" title="Vittorio Zonca">Zonca</a> (dated 1621 AD).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Water-powered stamp mills are illustrated in book 8 of <a href="/wiki/Georg_Agricola" class="mw-redirect" title="Georg Agricola">Georg Agricola</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/De_Re_Metallica" class="mw-redirect" title="De Re Metallica">De Re Metallica</a></i>, published in 1556.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mills Agricola shows were largely wooden construction, excepting the use of <a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a> shoes on the end of each stamp. The <a href="/wiki/Camshaft" title="Camshaft">camshaft</a> was set directly on the axle of the <a href="/wiki/Waterwheel" class="mw-redirect" title="Waterwheel">waterwheel</a>, and stamps were typically arranged in gangs of three, with each wheel driving one or two gangs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century">19th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stamp_mill&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 19th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first stamp mill in the U.S. was built in 1829 at the Capps mine near <a href="/wiki/Charlotte,_North_Carolina" title="Charlotte, North Carolina">Charlotte, North Carolina</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were common in <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">silver</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a> mining regions of the US in the latter 19th and early 20th centuries, in operations where the ore was crushed as a prelude to extracting the metals. They were superseded in the second half of the 19th century in many applications by more efficient methods. However their simplicity meant that they were used in remote areas for ore processing well into the 20th century. (19th century advertisements for some mills highlighted that they could be broken down, packed in by mule in pieces, and assembled on site with only simple tools.) Stamp mills are still in use in Colombia by artisanal miners, powered by electric motors. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Geevor_waterwheel_stamps.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Geevor_waterwheel_stamps.jpg/220px-Geevor_waterwheel_stamps.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Geevor_waterwheel_stamps.jpg/330px-Geevor_waterwheel_stamps.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Geevor_waterwheel_stamps.jpg/440px-Geevor_waterwheel_stamps.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4071" data-file-height="2694" /></a><figcaption>Eight heads of Cornish stamps powered by a waterwheel</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FiveStampMill5629.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/FiveStampMill5629.JPG/170px-FiveStampMill5629.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/FiveStampMill5629.JPG/255px-FiveStampMill5629.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/FiveStampMill5629.JPG/340px-FiveStampMill5629.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>A five unit Californian stamp mill once used in Arizona for crushing copper ore.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Cornish stamps</b> are stamp mills that were developed in <a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a> for use in <a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin">tin</a> mining in around 1850. Cornish stamps were used to crush small lumps of ore into sand-like material. The stamp was constructed from heavy timber with an iron "head" at the bottom. It was lifted by cams on a rotating axle, and fell on the ore and water mixture, fed into a box beneath. The head normally weighed between 4 and 8 <a href="/wiki/Hundredweight" title="Hundredweight">cwt</a> (about 200 to 400 kg) each, and were usually arranged in sets of four, in timber frames. Small stamps were commonly powered by <a href="/wiki/Water_wheel" title="Water wheel">water wheels</a> and larger ones by steam engines. </p><p><b>Californian stamps</b> were based on Cornish stamps and were used for the <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">Californian</a> gold mines. In these stamps the cam is arranged to lift the stamp from the side, so that it causes the stamp to rotate. This evens the wear on the shoe at the foot of the stamp. They were more rapid in action and a single head could crush 1.5 tons of ore as opposed to the Cornish stamps which could only crush 1 ton.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="How often? - per minute/hour/day/week...? (October 2015)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_stamping_mills">Other stamping mills</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stamp_mill&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Other stamping mills"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fulling_mill_bockler.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Fulling_mill_bockler.jpg/170px-Fulling_mill_bockler.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Fulling_mill_bockler.jpg/255px-Fulling_mill_bockler.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Fulling_mill_bockler.jpg/340px-Fulling_mill_bockler.jpg 2x" data-file-width="895" data-file-height="1176" /></a><figcaption>A fulling mill from <a href="/wiki/Georg_Andreas_B%C3%B6ckler" title="Georg Andreas Böckler">Georg Andreas Böckler</a>'s <i>Theatrum Machinarum Novum</i>, 1661</figcaption></figure> <p>Stamp mills were used in early <a href="/wiki/Paper" title="Paper">paper making</a> for preparing the paper-stuff (<a href="/wiki/Pulp_(paper)" title="Pulp (paper)">pulp</a>), before the invention of the <a href="/wiki/Hollander_beater" title="Hollander beater">Hollander beater</a>, and might have derived from those used in <a href="/wiki/Fulling" title="Fulling">fulling</a> wool.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were used in <a href="/wiki/Cooking_oil" title="Cooking oil">oil-seed</a> processing prior to pressing the oil from the milled seeds. Early mills were water-powered but mills can also be steam or electric powered. </p><p>A <b>stamping mill</b> may refer to a factory that performs stamping. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stamp_mill&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ball_mill" title="Ball mill">Ball mill</a> - a horizontal cylinder containing metal balls to crush the material</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhenki" title="Dhenki">Dhenki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammermill" title="Hammermill">Hammermill</a> - a more modern device that also can crush material to fines.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammer_mill" title="Hammer mill">Hammer mill</a> - an historical forge using trip hammers</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamp_sand" title="Stamp sand">Stamp sand</a> - the product of ore mills</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usu_(Mortar)" class="mw-redirect" title="Usu (Mortar)">Usu (Mortar)</a> - a Japanese Stamp mill</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stamp_mill&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wilson, p.22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wilson,_p.16-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wilson,_p.16_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wilson,_p.16_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wilson,_p.16_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wilson,_p.16_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wilson,_p.16_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wilson, p.16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wilson,_p.21f.-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wilson,_p.21f._3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wilson,_p.21f._3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wilson,_p.21f._3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wilson,_p.21f._3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wilson, pp. 21f.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barry_C._Burnham,_p.333-335-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Barry_C._Burnham,_p.333-335_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barry_C._Burnham,_p.333-335_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Barry C. Burnham: "Roman Mining at Dolaucothi: The Implications of the 1991-3 Excavations near the Carreg Pumsaint", <i>Britannia</i>, Vol. 28 (1997), pp. 325-336 (333-335)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Wahl: "<i>Tres Minas: Vorbericht über die archäologischen Ausgrabungen im Bereich des römischen Goldbergwerks 1986/87</i>", in H. Steuer and U. Zimmerman (eds): <i>Montanarchäologie in Europa</i>, 1993, p.123-152 (141; Fig.19)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wilson, p. 21, Fn.110.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">M.J.T. Lewis (1997). <i>Millstone and Hammer: the Origins of Water Power</i>. Section 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Adam Robert Lucas. "Industrial Milling in the Ancient and Medieval Worlds: A Survey of the Evidence for an Industrial Revolution in Medieval Europe", <i>Technology and Culture</i> <b>46</b> (1): 1-30 [10-1 & 27] (2005)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-n379-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-n379_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Needham, p. 379.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Needham, p.394</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Needham, p.395</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Georg_Agricola" class="mw-redirect" title="Georg Agricola">Georg Agricola</a>, <i>De Re Metallica</i>, 1556, pages <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nausikaa2.rz-berlin.mpg.de/digitallibrary/digilib.jsp?/permanent/archimedes_repository/large/agric_remet_001_la_1556/001-01-pageimg+230">220</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nausikaa2.rz-berlin.mpg.de/digitallibrary/digilib.jsp?/permanent/archimedes_repository/large/agric_remet_001_la_1556/001-01-pageimg+231">221</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nausikaa2.rz-berlin.mpg.de/digitallibrary/digilib.jsp?/permanent/archimedes_repository/large/agric_remet_001_la_1556/001-01-pageimg+232">222</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nausikaa2.rz-berlin.mpg.de/digitallibrary/digilib.jsp?/permanent/archimedes_repository/large/agric_remet_001_la_1556/001-01-pageimg+233">223</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nausikaa2.rz-berlin.mpg.de/digitallibrary/digilib.jsp?/permanent/archimedes_repository/large/agric_remet_001_la_1556/001-01-pageimg+257">247</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nausikaa2.rz-berlin.mpg.de/digitallibrary/digilib.jsp?/permanent/archimedes_repository/large/agric_remet_001_la_1556/001-01-pageimg+258">248</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nausikaa2.rz-berlin.mpg.de/digitallibrary/digilib.jsp?/permanent/archimedes_repository/large/agric_remet_001_la_1556/001-01-pageimg+264">254</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nausikaa2.rz-berlin.mpg.de/digitallibrary/digilib.jsp?/permanent/archimedes_repository/large/agric_remet_001_la_1556/001-01-pageimg+265">255</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.priweb.org/ed/TFGuide/SE/se_minerals/se_minerals_pdfs/semin_brpied.pdf">Mineral Resources of the Blue Ridge and Piedmont</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050311172511/http://www.priweb.org/ed/TFGuide/SE/se_minerals/se_minerals_pdfs/semin_brpied.pdf">Archived</a> 2005-03-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, page 143</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNeil_Harris2017" class="citation web cs1">Neil Harris (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ihl.enssib.fr/en/paper-and-watermarks-as-bibliographical-evidence/a-history-of-handmade-paper-the-basic-problem">"A history of handmade paper. The basic problem"</a>. l’Institut d’histoire du livre, Lyon<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Feb 24,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+history+of+handmade+paper.+The+basic+problem&rft.pub=l%E2%80%99Institut+d%E2%80%99histoire+du+livre%2C+Lyon&rft.date=2017&rft.au=Neil+Harris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fihl.enssib.fr%2Fen%2Fpaper-and-watermarks-as-bibliographical-evidence%2Fa-history-of-handmade-paper-the-basic-problem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStamp+mill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stamp_mill&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Two_stamps,_Sound_Democrat_mill.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Two_stamps%2C_Sound_Democrat_mill.jpg/220px-Two_stamps%2C_Sound_Democrat_mill.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Two_stamps%2C_Sound_Democrat_mill.jpg/330px-Two_stamps%2C_Sound_Democrat_mill.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Two_stamps%2C_Sound_Democrat_mill.jpg/440px-Two_stamps%2C_Sound_Democrat_mill.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Two Nissen stamps, installed c. 1909 at the Sound Democrat Mill near <a href="/wiki/Silverton,_Colorado" title="Silverton, Colorado">Silverton, Colorado</a> </figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Needham, Joseph: Science and Civilization in China: Volume 4, Part 2. (Taipei: Caves Books Ltd 1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Wilson_(classical_archaeologist)" title="Andrew Wilson (classical archaeologist)">Wilson, Andrew</a> (2002): "Machines, Power and the Ancient Economy", <i><a href="/wiki/The_Journal_of_Roman_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="The Journal of Roman Studies">The Journal of Roman Studies</a></i>, Vol. 92, pp. 1–32 (16, 21f.)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stamp_mill&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060217080023/http://www.tcoek12.org/~museum/Stamp%20Mill.htm">Paymaster Stamp Mill</a> near <a href="/wiki/Lewiston,_California" title="Lewiston, California">Lewiston, California</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.trinitymuseum.org/stampmill.html">Paymaster Stamp Mill</a>, relocated to Jake Jackson Museum, <a href="/wiki/Weaverville,_California" title="Weaverville, California">Weaverville, California</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sierracountyhistory.org/kentucky-mine-historic-park-and-museum">Kentucky Mine Stamp Mill</a> and museum, near <a href="/wiki/Sierra_City,_California" title="Sierra City, California">Sierra City, California</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ghosttownpix.com/cordova/stamp1.html">30 stamp mill</a> near <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cordova,_Ontario&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cordova, Ontario (page does not exist)">Cordova, Ontario</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://booksgeology.com/mining_history_illustrations.htm">Mining History Illustrations</a> 5 cutaway drawings of mills produced by the <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Hendy_Iron_Works" title="Joshua Hendy Iron Works">Joshua Hendy Iron Works</a> Company during the early 1900s.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wmmi.org/">Western Museum of Mining and Industry</a> The historic "yellow jacket" stamp mill is located here. It is open year-round, and operated several times per year for visitors.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.superstitionmountainmuseum.org/attractions/twenty-stamp-mill/">Superstition Mountain Museum 20-Stamp Mill</a> near <a href="/wiki/Apache_Junction,_Arizona" title="Apache Junction, Arizona">Apache Junction</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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metallurgy</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Metallurgical_assay" title="Metallurgical assay">Metallurgical assay</a> <a href="/wiki/Non-ferrous_extractive_metallurgy" title="Non-ferrous extractive metallurgy">Non-ferrous extractive metallurgy</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mineral_processing" title="Mineral processing">Mineral processing</a><br /><small>(by physical means)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Extraction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geological_survey" title="Geological survey">Geological survey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_resource" title="Natural resource">Natural resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ore" title="Ore">Ore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_geology" title="Economic geology">Economic geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">Mineral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Base_metal" title="Base metal">Base metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precious_metal" title="Precious metal">Precious metal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining" title="Mining">Mining</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Surface_mining" title="Surface mining">Surface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_mining_(hard_rock)" class="mw-redirect" title="Underground mining (hard rock)">Underground in hard rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_mining_(soft_rock)" class="mw-redirect" title="Underground mining (soft rock)">Underground in soft rock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recycling" title="Recycling">Recycling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scrap" title="Scrap">Scrap</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Comminution" title="Comminution">Comminution</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Stamp mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrastra" title="Arrastra">Arrastra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusher" title="Crusher">Crusher</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mill_(grinding)#Autogenous_mill" title="Mill (grinding)">AG mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mill_(grinding)#SAG_mill" title="Mill (grinding)">SAG mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mill_(grinding)#Pebble_mill" title="Mill (grinding)">Pebble mill</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ball_mill" title="Ball mill">Ball mill</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mill_(grinding)#Rod_mill" title="Mill (grinding)">Rod mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IsaMill" title="IsaMill">IsaMill</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sizing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ore_sorting" class="mw-redirect" title="Ore sorting">Ore sorting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanning" title="Vanning">Vanning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrocyclone" title="Hydrocyclone">Hydrocyclone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trommel_screen" title="Trommel screen">Trommel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclonic_separation" title="Cyclonic separation">Cyclonic separation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyratory_equipment" title="Gyratory equipment">Gyratory equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanical_screening" title="Mechanical screening">Mechanical screening</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ore_concentrate" title="Ore concentrate">Concentration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Froth_flotation" title="Froth flotation">Froth flotation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jameson_cell" title="Jameson cell">Jameson cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_panning" title="Gold panning">Panning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jig_concentrators" title="Jig concentrators">Jig concentrators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mineral_processing#Gravity_concentration" title="Mineral processing">Gravity Concentration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_separation" title="Magnetic separation">Magnetic separation</a> (<a href="/wiki/Magnetation_(iron_ore)" title="Magnetation (iron ore)">Magnetation</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocker_box" title="Rocker box">Rocker box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drywasher" title="Drywasher">Dry washing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddle_pit" title="Buddle pit">Buddle pit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pyrometallurgy" title="Pyrometallurgy">Pyrometallurgy</a><br /><small>(by heat)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Smelting" title="Smelting">Smelting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferrous_metallurgy" title="Ferrous metallurgy">Iron smelting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lead_smelting" title="Lead smelting">Lead smelting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zinc_smelting" title="Zinc smelting">Zinc smelting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_smelting" title="Flash smelting">Flash smelting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISASMELT" title="ISASMELT">ISASMELT</a> furnace</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refractory" title="Refractory">Refractory linings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Refining_(metallurgy)" title="Refining (metallurgy)">Refining</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cupellation" title="Cupellation">Cupellation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkes_process" title="Parkes process">Parkes process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottom-blown_oxygen_converter" title="Bottom-blown oxygen converter">Bottom-blown oxygen converter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poling_(metallurgy)" title="Poling (metallurgy)">Poling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IsaKidd_refining_technology" title="IsaKidd refining technology">IsaKidd process</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calcination" title="Calcination">Calcination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roasting_(metallurgy)" title="Roasting (metallurgy)">Roasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquation" title="Liquation">Liquation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hydrometallurgy" title="Hydrometallurgy">Hydrometallurgy</a><br /><small>(by aqueous solution)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Leaching_(metallurgy)" title="Leaching (metallurgy)">Leaching</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lixiviant" title="Lixiviant">Lixiviant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heap_leaching" title="Heap leaching">Heap leaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dump_leaching" title="Dump leaching">Dump leaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tank_leaching" title="Tank leaching">Tank leaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_situ_leach" title="In situ leach">In situ leaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newbery%E2%80%93Vautin_chlorination_process" title="Newbery–Vautin chlorination process">Gold chlorination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_cyanidation" title="Gold cyanidation">Gold cyanidation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayer_process" title="Bayer process">Bayer process</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Amalgam_(chemistry)" title="Amalgam (chemistry)">Amalgamation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patio_process" title="Patio process">Patio process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_amalgamation" title="Pan amalgamation">Pan amalgamation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electrometallurgy" title="Electrometallurgy">Electrometallurgy</a><br /><small>(by electricity)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Electrolysis" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electrolysis" title="Electrolysis">Electrolysis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electrowinning" title="Electrowinning">Electrowinning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hall%E2%80%93H%C3%A9roult_process" title="Hall–Héroult process">Hall–Héroult process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castner_process" title="Castner process">Castner process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downs_cell" title="Downs cell">Downs cell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Co-products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tailings" title="Tailings">Tailings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangue" title="Gangue">Gangue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slag" title="Slag">Slag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinker_(waste)" title="Clinker (waste)">Clinker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chat_(mining)" title="Chat (mining)">Chat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bauxite_tailings" class="mw-redirect" title="Bauxite tailings">Red mud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamp_sand" title="Stamp sand">Stamp sand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stamp_mill&oldid=1247488621">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stamp_mill&oldid=1247488621</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Grinding_mills" title="Category:Grinding mills">Grinding mills</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mining_equipment" title="Category:Mining equipment">Mining equipment</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Stamp_mills" title="Category:Stamp mills">Stamp mills</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" 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