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<li id="toc-4th_asclepiad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#4th_asclepiad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>4th asclepiad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-4th_asclepiad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-5th_asclepiad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#5th_asclepiad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>5th asclepiad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-5th_asclepiad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_English_verse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_English_verse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>In English verse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_English_verse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Printed_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Printed_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Printed sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Printed_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > 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mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 11 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-11" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">11 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%9E_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%88" title="Асклепіядаў верш – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Асклепіядаў верш" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%9E_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%88" title="Асклепіядаў верш – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Асклепіядаў верш" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asclepiadeu" title="Asclepiadeu – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Asclepiadeu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asklepiadeo" title="Asklepiadeo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Asklepiadeo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vers_ascl%C3%A9piade" title="Vers asclépiade – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vers asclépiade" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asclepiadeus" title="Asclepiadeus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Asclepiadeus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aszkl%C3%A9piad%C3%A9szi_sor" title="Aszklépiadészi sor – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Aszklépiadészi sor" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asklepiadej" title="Asklepiadej – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Asklepiadej" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Асклепиадов стих – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Асклепиадов стих" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asklepiadeus" title="Asklepiadeus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Asklepiadeus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%88" title="Асклепіадів вірш – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Асклепіадів вірш" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9161188#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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href="/wiki/Greek_and_Latin_metre" title="Greek and Latin metre">Greek and Latin metre</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_prosody" title="Greek prosody">Greek prosody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_prosody" title="Latin prosody">Latin prosody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dactylic_hexameter" title="Dactylic hexameter">Dactylic hexameter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elegiac_couplet" title="Elegiac couplet">Elegiac couplet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcmanian_verse" title="Alcmanian verse">Alcmanian verse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archilochian" title="Archilochian">Archilochian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_rhythmic_hexameter" title="Latin rhythmic hexameter">Latin rhythmic hexameter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iambic_trimeter" title="Iambic trimeter">Iambic trimeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturnian_(poetry)" title="Saturnian (poetry)">Saturnian (poetry)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metres_of_Roman_comedy" title="Metres of Roman comedy">Metres of Roman comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trochaic_septenarius" title="Trochaic septenarius">Trochaic septenarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hendecasyllable" title="Hendecasyllable">Hendecasyllable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choliamb" title="Choliamb">Choliamb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeolic_verse" title="Aeolic verse">Aeolic verse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choriamb" title="Choriamb">Choriamb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glyconic" title="Glyconic">Glyconic</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Asclepiad (poetry)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapphic_stanza" title="Sapphic stanza">Sapphic stanza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcaic_stanza" title="Alcaic stanza">Alcaic stanza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionic_metre" class="mw-redirect" title="Ionic metre">Ionic metre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anacreontics" title="Anacreontics">Anacreontics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galliambic_verse" title="Galliambic verse">Galliambic verse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotadean_metre" title="Sotadean metre">Sotadean metre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dochmiac" title="Dochmiac">Dochmiac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lekythion" title="Lekythion">Lekythion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaclasis_(poetry)" title="Anaclasis (poetry)">Anaclasis (poetry)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metrical_foot" title="Metrical foot">Metrical foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metron_(poetry)" title="Metron (poetry)">Metron (poetry)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brevis_in_longo" title="Brevis in longo">Brevis in longo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anceps" title="Anceps">Anceps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biceps_(prosody)" title="Biceps (prosody)">Biceps (prosody)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resolution_(meter)" title="Resolution (meter)">Resolution (meter)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brevis_brevians" title="Brevis brevians">Brevis brevians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porson%27s_Law" title="Porson's Law">Porson's Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsis_and_thesis" title="Arsis and thesis">Arsis and thesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalexis" title="Catalexis">Catalexis</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Greek_and_Latin_metre" title="Template:Greek and Latin metre"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Greek_and_Latin_metre" title="Template talk:Greek and Latin metre"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Greek_and_Latin_metre" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Greek and Latin metre"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chambers_1908_Asclepiad.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Chambers_1908_Asclepiad.png/220px-Chambers_1908_Asclepiad.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Chambers_1908_Asclepiad.png 1.5x" data-file-width="294" data-file-height="28" /></a><figcaption>Diagram of an asclepiad, where "–" is a long syllable and "◡" is a short.</figcaption></figure> <p>An <b>Asclepiad</b> (<a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>: <i><b>Asclepiadeus</b></i>) is a line of poetry following a particular metrical pattern. The form is attributed to <a href="/wiki/Asclepiades_of_Samos" title="Asclepiades of Samos">Asclepiades of Samos</a> and is one of the <a href="/wiki/Aeolic_verse" title="Aeolic verse">Aeolic metres</a>. </p><p>As with other Aeolic metrical lines, the asclepiad is built around a <a href="/wiki/Choriamb" title="Choriamb">choriamb</a>. The Asclepiad may be described as a <a href="/wiki/Glyconic" title="Glyconic">glyconic</a> that has been expanded with one (Lesser Asclepiad) or two (Greater Asclepiad) further choriambs. The pattern (using "–" for a long syllable, "u" for a short and "x" for an "<a href="/wiki/Anceps" title="Anceps">anceps</a>" or free syllable, which can be either – or u) is: </p> <pre>x x - u u - | - u u - u - (Lesser Asclepiad / <i>Asclepiadeus minor</i>) x x - u u - | - u u - | - u u - u - (Greater Asclepiad / <i>Asclepiadeus maior</i>) </pre> <p>In Horace's <i>Odes</i>, there is almost always a caesura after the 6th syllable.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Asclepiads are often found mixed with the <a href="/wiki/Pherecratean" class="mw-redirect" title="Pherecratean">pherecratean</a> and <a href="/wiki/Glyconic" title="Glyconic">glyconic</a>, which have a similar rhythm: </p> <pre>x x - u u - - (Pherecratean) x x - u u - u - (Glyconic) </pre> <p><a href="/wiki/Martin_Litchfield_West" title="Martin Litchfield West">West</a> (1982) designates the Asclepiad as a "choriambically expanded glyconic" with the notation <i>gl<sup>c</sup></i> (lesser) or <i>gl<sup>2c</sup></i> (greater). </p><p>In theory the first two syllables are <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Anceps" title="Anceps">anceps</a></i></span> (either long or short) but in practice Horace always starts the line with two long syllables (except possibly at 1.15.36).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The last syllable can have <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Brevis_in_longo" title="Brevis in longo">brevis in longo</a></i></span>. </p><p>Asclepiads were used in Latin by <a href="/wiki/Horace" title="Horace">Horace</a> in thirty-four of his odes, as well as by <a href="/wiki/Catullus" title="Catullus">Catullus</a> in Poem 30, and <a href="/wiki/Seneca_the_Younger" title="Seneca the Younger">Seneca</a> in six tragedies.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Asclepiadic_systems">Asclepiadic systems</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asclepiad_(poetry)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Asclepiadic systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Asclepiads are found either in <a href="/wiki/Stichic" title="Stichic">stichic</a> form (i.e. used continuously unmixed with other metres) or in 4-line stanzas mixed with glyconics and pherecrateans. The various forms are known as the "1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th asclepiad". The numbering of these, however, differs in different authors. The numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 used by <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Klingner" title="Friedrich Klingner">Klingner</a> (1939), <a href="/wiki/Robin_Nisbet" title="Robin Nisbet">Nisbet</a> & <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Hubbard" title="Margaret Hubbard">Hubbard</a> (1970), D. West (1995), Shackleton Bailey (2008), Mayer (2012), and Becker (2016), (followed here) are called 1, 4, 5, 3, 2 by Wickham (1896) and Raven (1965), and 1, 3, 4, 2, 5 by Page (1895), Bennett (1914) and Rudd (2004).<sup id="cite_ref-NH_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NH-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The metre is named after the 3rd century BC poet <a href="/wiki/Asclepiades_of_Samos" title="Asclepiades of Samos">Asclepiades of Samos</a>, although in fact none of the surviving fragments of that poet are in asclepiads.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Latin, 34 of <a href="/wiki/Horace" title="Horace">Horace</a>'s 103 <i>Odes</i> are written in various forms of asclepiads. Asclepiads are also found in <a href="/wiki/Seneca_the_Younger" title="Seneca the Younger">Seneca the Younger</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Ausonius" title="Ausonius">Ausonius</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Catullus has one poem (30) using the greater asclepiad, and a number of others combining pherecrateans and glyconics without the asclepiad line.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1st_asclepiad">1st asclepiad</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asclepiad_(poetry)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 1st asclepiad"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This consists of a series of (lesser) asclepiad lines used <a href="/wiki/Stichic" title="Stichic">stichically</a>, as in <a href="/wiki/Horace" title="Horace">Horace</a>, <i>Odes</i> 1.1, addressed to Horace's patron <a href="/wiki/Maecenas" class="mw-redirect" title="Maecenas">Maecenas</a>: </p> <dl><dd><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Maecēnās atavīs ēdite rēgibus</i></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd>'Maecenas, descended from ancestral kings, ...'</dd></dl> <p>And also famously in <i>Ode</i> 3.30, the last ode of the collection (<i>Odes</i> 1–3): </p> <dl><dd><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">exēgī monument(um) aere perennius</i></span></dd> <dd><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">rēgālīque sitū pȳramid(um) altius</i></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd>'I have completed a monument more lasting than bronze</dd> <dd>and taller than the royal structure of the pyramids'</dd></dl> <p>This form of the asclepiad is also used in several poems by <a href="/wiki/Alcaeus_of_Mytilene" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcaeus of Mytilene">Alcaeus</a>, e.g. 349A–353.<sup id="cite_ref-NH_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NH-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2nd_asclepiad">2nd asclepiad</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asclepiad_(poetry)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 2nd asclepiad"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>(= Raven and Wickham's 4th, Page and Rudd's 3rd asclepiad) </p><p>Three asclepiads are followed by a <a href="/wiki/Glyconic" title="Glyconic">glyconic</a>, as in Horace, <i>Odes</i> 1.6, addressed to <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Vipsanius_Agrippa" title="Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa">Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa</a>: </p> <dl><dd><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">scrībēris Variō fortis et hostium</i></span></dd> <dd><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">victor Maeoniī carminis ālite</i></span></dd> <dd><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">quam rem cumque ferōx nāvibus aut equīs</i></span></dd> <dd>    <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">mīles tē duce gesserit</i></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd>'You will be written as valiant and victorious over our enemies</dd> <dd>by <a href="/wiki/Lucius_Varius_Rufus" title="Lucius Varius Rufus">Varius</a>, the winged poet of Homeric poetry,</dd> <dd>whatever action with ships or cavalry our fierce</dd> <dd>soldiers have carried out under your leadership.'</dd></dl> <p>This form is also found in Alcaeus (5 and 7). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="3rd_asclepiad">3rd asclepiad</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asclepiad_(poetry)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 3rd asclepiad"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>(= Raven and Wickham's 5th, Page and Rudd's 4th asclepiad) </p><p>This consists of two asclepiads followed by a <a href="/wiki/Aeolic_verse" title="Aeolic verse">pherecratean</a> and a glyconic, as in Horace, <i>Odes</i> 1.5: </p> <dl><dd><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">quis multā gracilis tē puer in rosā</i></span></dd> <dd><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">perfūsus liquidīs urget odōribus</i></span></dd> <dd>    <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">grātō, Pyrrha, sub antrō?</i></span></dd> <dd>        <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">cui flāvam religās comam...?</i></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd>'What slender boy, lying on many roses,</dd> <dd>liberally anointed with liquid perfumes,</dd> <dd>is pressing you, Pyrrha, beneath a pleasant grotto?</dd> <dd>For whom are you tying back your golden hair...?'</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="4th_asclepiad">4th asclepiad</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asclepiad_(poetry)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 4th asclepiad"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>(= Raven and Wickham's 3rd, Page and Rudd's 2nd asclepiad) </p><p>A glyconic followed by an asclepiad, as in Horace, <i>Odes</i> 1.3, addressed to a ship carrying Horace's friend <a href="/wiki/Virgil" title="Virgil">Virgil</a> to Greece: </p> <dl><dd>    <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">sīc tē dīva potēns Cyprī</i></span></dd> <dd><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">sīc frātrēs Helenae, lūcida sīdera,</i></span></dd> <dd>    <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">ventōrumque regat pater</i></span></dd> <dd><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">obstrictīs aliīs praeter Iāpyga</i></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd>'So may the powerful goddess of <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd>so may <a href="/wiki/Helen_of_Troy" title="Helen of Troy">Helen</a>'s brothers,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> those shining stars,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd>may the King of the Winds<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> guide you</dd> <dd>having locked up the other winds, apart from <a href="/wiki/Iapyx" title="Iapyx">Iapyx</a>.'</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="5th_asclepiad">5th asclepiad</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asclepiad_(poetry)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 5th asclepiad"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>(= Raven and Wickham's 2nd, Page and Rudd's 5th asclepiad) </p><p>A series of greater asclepiads, used <a href="/wiki/Stichic" title="Stichic">stichically</a>, as in Catullus (30), which begins:<sup id="cite_ref-NH_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NH-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Alfēn(e), immemor atqu(e) ūnanimīs false sodālibus,</i></span></dd> <dd><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">iam te nīl miseret, dūre, tuī dulcis amīculī?</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <dl><dd>'Alfenus, forgetful and false to your faithful comrades,</dd> <dd>do you now have no compassion, heartless one, for your sweet little friend?'</dd></dl> <p>It is also used in three odes by Horace (1.11, 1.18, and 4.10). 1.18 opens as follows: </p> <dl><dd><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">nūllam, Vāre, sacrā vīte prius sēveris arborem</i></span></dd> <dd><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">circā mīte solum Tīburis et moenia Cātilī</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <dl><dd>'Plant no tree, Varus,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sooner than the sacred vine</dd> <dd>around the gentle soil of <a href="/wiki/Tivoli,_Lazio" title="Tivoli, Lazio">Tibur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Catillus" title="Catillus">Catillus</a>' city walls.'</dd></dl> <p>In surviving Greek poetry this form is found in Alcaeus (e.g. 340–9), <a href="/wiki/Callimachus" title="Callimachus">Callimachus</a> (frag. 400), and <a href="/wiki/Theocritus" title="Theocritus">Theocritus</a> (28, 30). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_English_verse">In English verse</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asclepiad_(poetry)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: In English verse"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The asclepiad has sometimes been imitated in English verse, for example in Sir <a href="/wiki/Philip_Sidney" title="Philip Sidney">Philip Sidney</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Countess_of_Pembroke%27s_Arcadia" class="mw-redirect" title="Countess of Pembroke's Arcadia">Arcadia</a></i>: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> <p>Here wrongs name is unheard: slander a monster is<br /> Keep thy sprite from abuse, here no abuse doth haunte.<br /> What man grafts in a tree dissimulatiön?<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </div><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Sidney: "O sweet woods the delight of solitariness!", lines 26–28</cite></div></blockquote> <p>It is also found in <a href="/wiki/W._H._Auden" title="W. H. Auden">W. H. Auden</a>'s "In Due Season", which begins: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> <p>Springtime, Summer and Fall: days to behold a world<br /> Antecedent to our knowing, where flowers think<br /> Theirs concretely in scent-colors and beasts, the same<br /> Age all over, pursue dumb horizontal lives.<br /> On one level of conduct and so cannot be<br /> Secretary to man's plot to become divine. </p> </div><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Auden: "In Due Season", lines 1–6</cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Printed_sources">Printed sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asclepiad_(poetry)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Printed sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Becker, A. S. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26360937">"What's Latin about Latin Versification or Why Asclepiads Aren't Boring: A Case Study of Accent and Meter in Horatian Lyric"</a>. <i>American Journal of Philology</i>, 137(2), 287–320.</li> <li>Nisbet, R. G. M.; Hubbard, M. (1970). <i>A Commentary on Horace Odes book 1</i>. Oxford University Press.</li> <li>Raven, D. S. (1965). <i>Latin Metre</i>. Faber & Faber.</li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWest1982" class="citation book cs1">West, M. L. (1982). <i>Greek Metre</i>. Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Greek+Metre&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.aulast=West&rft.aufirst=M.+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsclepiad+%28poetry%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asclepiad_(poetry)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Becker (2016), p. 290; exceptions at 2.12.25, 4.8.17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nisbet & Hubbard (1970), p. xxxix.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBishop1968" class="citation journal cs1">Bishop, J. David (1968). "The Meaning of the Choral Meters in Senecan Tragedy". <i>Rheinische Museum fur Philologie</i>. <b>111</b> (3): 206.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rheinische+Museum+fur+Philologie&rft.atitle=The+Meaning+of+the+Choral+Meters+in+Senecan+Tragedy&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=206&rft.date=1968&rft.aulast=Bishop&rft.aufirst=J.+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsclepiad+%28poetry%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NH-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NH_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NH_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NH_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nisbet & Hubbard (1970), pp. xxxviii–xl.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Becker (2016), p. 289.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Raven (1965), pp. 177–182; Becker (2016), pp. 310–311.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Becker (2016), p. 310.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The goddess <a href="/wiki/Venus_(mythology)" title="Venus (mythology)">Venus</a>, who was born from the sea, and had a sanctuary at <a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_of_Aphrodite_Paphia" title="Sanctuary of Aphrodite Paphia">Paphos</a> in Cyprus.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Castor_and_Pollux" title="Castor and Pollux">Castor and Pollux</a>, who guided sailors.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The reference is thought to be to <a href="/wiki/St._Elmo%27s_fire" title="St. Elmo's fire">St. Elmo's fire</a>: Nisbet & Hubbard (1970), p. 46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Aeolus_(son_of_Hippotes)" title="Aeolus (son of Hippotes)">Aeolus</a>, who in Homer's <a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a> helped Odysseus by locking up all the winds except one.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Catullus, 30.1–2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Horace, <i>Odes</i> 1.18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Unknown, but possibly the same as <a href="/wiki/Alfenus_Varus" title="Alfenus Varus">Alfenus Varus</a>, consul suffect in 39 BC, to whom <a href="/wiki/Catullus" title="Catullus">Catullus</a> addressed a poem (no. 30) in this same metre: Nisbet & Hubbard (1970), p. 227.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSidney1912" class="citation book cs1">Sidney, Philip (1912). Feuillerat, Albert (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924013123173/page/n253"><i>The Complete Works of Sir Philip Sidney</i></a>. Vol. 2. Cambridge: The University Press. p. 237.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Works+of+Sir+Philip+Sidney&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=237&rft.pub=The+University+Press&rft.date=1912&rft.aulast=Sidney&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcu31924013123173%2Fpage%2Fn253&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsclepiad+%28poetry%29" class="Z3988"></span> (dieresis added to clarify syllabification)</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Asclepiad_(poetry)&oldid=1219100108">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Asclepiad_(poetry)&oldid=1219100108</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Types_of_verses" title="Category:Types of verses">Types of verses</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_Greek_poetry" title="Category:Ancient Greek poetry">Ancient Greek poetry</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latin-language text">Articles containing Latin-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 15 April 2024, at 19:03<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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