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Available in 29 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%B3%D8%B3" title="فيلم تجسس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فيلم تجسس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cine_d%27espionache" title="Cine d'espionache – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Cine d'espionache" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BC" title="Шпионски филм – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Шпионски филм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinema_d%27espionatge" title="Cinema d'espionatge – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cinema d'espionatge" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agentenfilm" title="Agentenfilm – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Agentenfilm" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cine_de_espionaje" title="Cine de espionaje – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cine de espionaje" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="فیلم جاسوسی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فیلم جاسوسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_d%27espionnage" title="Film d'espionnage – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Film d'espionnage" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spionaazjefilm" title="Spionaazjefilm – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Spionaazjefilm" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B2%A9%EB%B3%B4_%EC%98%81%ED%99%94" title="첩보 영화 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="첩보 영화" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_mata-mata" title="Film mata-mata – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Film mata-mata" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_di_spionaggio" title="Film di spionaggio – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Film di spionaggio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%92%D7%95%D7%9C" title="סרט ריגול – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סרט ריגול" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%9F" title="हेरपट – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हेरपट" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%B3%D8%B3" title="فيلم تجسس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فيلم تجسس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%91%E3%82%A4%E6%98%A0%E7%94%BB" title="スパイ映画 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スパイ映画" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_szpiegowski" title="Film szpiegowski – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Film szpiegowski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filme_de_espionagem" title="Filme de espionagem – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Filme de espionagem" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC" title="Шпионский фильм – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шпионский фильм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spy_movie" title="Spy movie – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Spy movie" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0pion%C3%A1%C5%BEny_film" title="Špionážny film – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Špionážny film" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AE%D9%88%DA%95%DB%8C" title="فیلمی سیخوڕی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="فیلمی سیخوڕی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BC" title="Шпијунски филм – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Шпијунски филм" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0pijunski_film" title="Špijunski film – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Špijunski film" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="உளவு திரைப்படம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உளவு திரைப்படம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casus_filmi" title="Casus filmi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Casus filmi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC" title="Шпигунський фільм – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Шпигунський фільм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phim_gi%C3%A1n_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87p" title="Phim gián điệp – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phim gián điệp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%96%93%E8%AB%9C%E7%89%87" title="間諜片 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="間諜片" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2297927#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spy_film" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Film genre</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Spy_camera" class="mw-redirect" title="Spy camera">spy camera</a>.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_spy.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Nuvola_spy.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="128" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>spy film</b>, also known as the <b>spy thriller</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Film_genre" title="Film genre">genre of film</a> that deals with the subject of fictional <a href="/wiki/Espionage" title="Espionage">espionage</a>, either in a realistic way (such as the adaptations of <a href="/wiki/John_le_Carr%C3%A9" title="John le Carré">John le Carré</a>) or as a basis for fantasy (such as many <a href="/wiki/James_Bond_in_film" class="mw-redirect" title="James Bond in film">James Bond</a> films). Many novels in the <a href="/wiki/Spy_fiction" title="Spy fiction">spy fiction</a> genre have been adapted as films, including works by <a href="/wiki/John_Buchan" title="John Buchan">John Buchan</a>, le Carré, <a href="/wiki/Ian_Fleming" title="Ian Fleming">Ian Fleming</a> (Bond) and <a href="/wiki/Len_Deighton" title="Len Deighton">Len Deighton</a>. It is a significant aspect of <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Cinema of the United Kingdom">British cinema</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with leading British directors such as <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Alfred Hitchcock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carol_Reed" title="Carol Reed">Carol Reed</a> making notable contributions and many films set in the <a href="/wiki/Secret_Intelligence_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Secret Intelligence Service">British Secret Service</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Spy films show the espionage activities of <a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">government</a> agents and their risk of being discovered by their enemies. From the <a href="/wiki/Nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi">Nazi</a> espionage thrillers of the 1940s to the <a href="/wiki/James_Bond_films" class="mw-redirect" title="James Bond films">James Bond films</a> of the 1960s and to the high-tech blockbusters of today, the spy film has always been popular with audiences worldwide. Offering a combination of exciting <a href="/wiki/Escapism" title="Escapism">escapism</a>, technological thrills, and <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/exotic#Adjective" class="extiw" title="wikt:exotic">exotic</a> locales, many spy films combine the <a href="/wiki/Action_film" title="Action film">action</a> and <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_film" title="Science fiction film">science fiction</a> genres, presenting clearly delineated heroes for audiences to root for and <a href="/wiki/Villain" title="Villain">villains</a> they want to see defeated. They may also involve elements of <a href="/wiki/Political_thrillers" class="mw-redirect" title="Political thrillers">political thrillers</a>. However, there are many that are comedic (mostly <a href="/wiki/Action_comedy_films" class="mw-redirect" title="Action comedy films">action comedy films</a> if they fall under that genre). </p><p>James Bond is the most famous of film spies, but there were also more serious, probing works like le Carré's <i><a href="/wiki/The_Spy_Who_Came_in_from_the_Cold_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Spy Who Came in from the Cold (film)">The Spy Who Came in from the Cold</a></i> that also emerged from the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>. As the Cold War ended, the newest villain became <a href="/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism">terrorism</a> and more often involved the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spy_film&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The spy film genre began in the <a href="/wiki/Silent_film" title="Silent film">silent era</a>, with the paranoia of <a href="/wiki/Invasion_literature" title="Invasion literature">invasion literature</a> and the onset of the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">Great War</a>. These fears produced the British 1914 <i>The German Spy Peril</i>, centered on a plot to blow up the <a href="/wiki/Houses_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Houses of Parliament">Houses of Parliament</a>, and 1913's <i>O.H.M.S.</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> standing for "Our Helpless Millions Saved" as well as <a href="/wiki/On_His_Majesty%27s_Service" title="On His Majesty's Service">On His Majesty's Service</a> (and introducing for the first time a strong female character who helps the hero). </p><p>In 1928, <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Lang" title="Fritz Lang">Fritz Lang</a> made the film <i><a href="/wiki/Spione" title="Spione">Spies</a></i> which contained many tropes that became popular in later spy dramas, including secret headquarters, an agent known by a number, and the beautiful foreign agent who comes to love the hero. Lang's <a href="/wiki/Dr._Mabuse_the_Gambler" title="Dr. Mabuse the Gambler">Dr. Mabuse</a> films from the period also contain elements of spy thrillers, though the central character is a criminal mastermind only interested in espionage for profit. Additionally, several of Lang's American films, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Hangmen_Also_Die" class="mw-redirect" title="Hangmen Also Die">Hangmen Also Die</a></i>, deal with spies during World War II. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Alfred Hitchcock</a> did much to popularize the spy film in the 1930s with his influential thrillers <i><a href="/wiki/The_Man_Who_Knew_Too_Much_(1934_film)" title="The Man Who Knew Too Much (1934 film)">The Man Who Knew Too Much</a></i> (1934), <i><a href="/wiki/The_39_Steps_(1935_film)" title="The 39 Steps (1935 film)">The 39 Steps</a></i> (1935), <i><a href="/wiki/Sabotage_(1936_film)" title="Sabotage (1936 film)">Sabotage</a></i> (1937) and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lady_Vanishes_(1938_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Lady Vanishes (1938 film)">The Lady Vanishes</a></i> (1938). These often involved innocent civilians being caught up in international conspiracies or webs of saboteurs on the home front, as in <i><a href="/wiki/Saboteur_(film)" title="Saboteur (film)">Saboteur</a></i> (1942). Some, however, dealt with professional spies, as in Hitchcock's <i><a href="/wiki/Secret_Agent_(1936_film)" title="Secret Agent (1936 film)">Secret Agent</a></i> (1936), based on <a href="/wiki/W._Somerset_Maugham" title="W. Somerset Maugham">W. Somerset Maugham</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Ashenden:_Or_the_British_Agent" title="Ashenden: Or the British Agent">Ashenden</a></i> stories, or the <a href="/wiki/Mr._Moto" title="Mr. Moto">Mr. Moto</a> series, based on the books of <a href="/wiki/John_P._Marquand" title="John P. Marquand">John P. Marquand</a>. </p><p>In the 1940s and early 1950s, several films were made about the exploits of Allied agents in occupied Europe, which could be considered a subgenre. <i><a href="/wiki/13_Rue_Madeleine" title="13 Rue Madeleine">13 Rue Madeleine</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/O.S.S._(film)" title="O.S.S. (film)">O.S.S.</a></i> were fictional stories about American agents in German-occupied France. There were several films based on the stories of real-life <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a> <a href="/wiki/Special_Operations_Executive" title="Special Operations Executive">S.O.E.</a> agents, including <i><a href="/wiki/Odette_(1950_film)" title="Odette (1950 film)">Odette</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Carve_Her_Name_With_Pride" class="mw-redirect" title="Carve Her Name With Pride">Carve Her Name With Pride</a></i>. A more recent fictional example is <i><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Gray_(film)" title="Charlotte Gray (film)">Charlotte Gray</a></i>, based on the novel by <a href="/wiki/Sebastian_Faulks" title="Sebastian Faulks">Sebastian Faulks</a>. </p><p>Also during the period, there were many detective films (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Thin_Man_Goes_Home" title="The Thin Man Goes Home">The Thin Man Goes Home</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chan_in_the_Secret_Service" title="Charlie Chan in the Secret Service">Charlie Chan in the Secret Service</a></i> for example) in which the mystery involved who stole the secret blue-prints, or who kidnapped the famous scientist. </p><p>In the mid-1950s, Alfred Hitchcock returned to the spy genre with <i><a href="/wiki/The_Man_Who_Knew_Too_Much_(1956_film)" title="The Man Who Knew Too Much (1956 film)">The Man Who Knew Too Much (1956 film)</a></i>, a remake of his <a href="/wiki/The_Man_Who_Knew_Too_Much_(1934_film)" title="The Man Who Knew Too Much (1934 film)">1934 film of the same name</a>. He followed this up in 1959 with <i><a href="/wiki/North_by_Northwest" title="North by Northwest">North by Northwest</a></i> (1959), widely considered one of the most influential works within the spy genre.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The peak of popularity of spy films is often considered to be the 1960s when <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> fears meshed with a desire by audiences to see exciting and suspenseful films. The espionage film developed in two directions at this time. On the one hand, the realistic spy novels of <a href="/wiki/Len_Deighton" title="Len Deighton">Len Deighton</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_le_Carr%C3%A9" title="John le Carré">John le Carré</a> were adapted into relatively serious <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> thrillers that dealt with some of the realities of the espionage world. Some of these films included <i><a href="/wiki/The_Spy_Who_Came_in_from_the_Cold_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Spy Who Came in from the Cold (film)">The Spy Who Came in from the Cold</a></i> (1965), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Deadly_Affair" title="The Deadly Affair">The Deadly Affair</a></i> (1966), <i><a href="/wiki/Torn_Curtain" title="Torn Curtain">Torn Curtain</a></i> (1966), and the <i><a href="/wiki/Harry_Palmer" title="Harry Palmer">Harry Palmer</a></i> series, based on the novels of <a href="/wiki/Len_Deighton" title="Len Deighton">Len Deighton</a>. </p><p>In another direction, the <i><a href="/wiki/James_Bond_(literary_character)" title="James Bond (literary character)">James Bond</a></i> novels by <a href="/wiki/Ian_Fleming" title="Ian Fleming">Ian Fleming</a> were adapted into an increasingly fantastical series of tongue-in-cheek adventure films by producers <a href="/wiki/Harry_Saltzman" title="Harry Saltzman">Harry Saltzman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Albert_R._Broccoli" title="Albert R. Broccoli">Albert R. Broccoli</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Sean_Connery" title="Sean Connery">Sean Connery</a> as the star. They featured secretive and flamboyant supervillains, an archetype that would later become a staple of the explosion of spy movies in the mid-to-late 1960s. The phenomenal success of the <i>Bond</i> series leads to a deluge of imitators, such as the <a href="/wiki/Eurospy" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurospy">eurospy</a> genre and several from America. Notable examples include the two <i><a href="/wiki/Derek_Flint" title="Derek Flint">Derek Flint</a></i> films starring <a href="/wiki/James_Coburn" title="James Coburn">James Coburn</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Quiller_Memorandum" title="The Quiller Memorandum">The Quiller Memorandum</a></i> (1966) with <a href="/wiki/George_Segal" title="George Segal">George Segal</a>, and the <i><a href="/wiki/Matt_Helm" title="Matt Helm">Matt Helm</a></i> series with <a href="/wiki/Dean_Martin" title="Dean Martin">Dean Martin</a>. <a href="/wiki/Television" title="Television">Television</a> also got into the act with series like <i><a href="/wiki/The_Man_from_U.N.C.L.E" class="mw-redirect" title="The Man from U.N.C.L.E">The Man from U.N.C.L.E</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/I_Spy_(1965_TV_series)" title="I Spy (1965 TV series)">I Spy</a></i> in the U.S., and <i><a href="/wiki/Danger_Man" title="Danger Man">Danger Man</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Avengers_(TV_series)" title="The Avengers (TV series)">The Avengers</a></i> in Britain. Spies have remained popular on TV to the present day with series such as <i><a href="/wiki/Callan_(TV_series)" title="Callan (TV series)">Callan</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Alias_(TV_series)" title="Alias (TV series)">Alias</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Spooks_(TV_series)" title="Spooks (TV series)">Spooks</a></i>. </p><p>Spy films also enjoyed something of a revival in the late 1990s, although these were often action films with espionage elements or comedies like <i><a href="/wiki/Austin_Powers_(film_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Austin Powers (film series)">Austin Powers</a></i>. Some critics identify a trend away from fantasy in favor of realism, as observed in <i><a href="/wiki/Syriana" title="Syriana">Syriana</a></i>, the <a href="/wiki/Bourne_(film_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bourne (film series)"><i>Bourne</i> film series</a> and the <i>James Bond</i> films starring <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Craig" title="Daniel Craig">Daniel Craig</a> since <i><a href="/wiki/Casino_Royale_(2006_film)" title="Casino Royale (2006 film)">Casino Royale</a></i> (2006). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Films">Films</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spy_film&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Films"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some of the most popular films include: </p><p><b>Movie series </b>(<b>franchises</b>) </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bulldog_Drummond" title="Bulldog Drummond">Bulldog Drummond</a></i> series (1922–1969) – 24 films</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mr._Moto" title="Mr. Moto">Mr. Moto</a></i> series (1937–39, 1965) – 9 films</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Saint_(film_series)" title="The Saint (film series)">The Saint</a></i> series (1938–1943) – 8 films</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/OSS_117" title="OSS 117">OSS 117</a></i> series (1956–2021) – 10 films</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Bond_in_film" class="mw-redirect" title="James Bond in film"><i>James Bond</i></a> (1962–present) – 25 films</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Harry_Palmer" title="Harry Palmer">Harry Palmer</a></i> (1965–1996) – 5 films</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Matt_Helm" title="Matt Helm">Matt Helm</a></i> series (1966–1969) – 4 films</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lupin_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Lupin III">Lupin III</a></i> (1974 – present) – 13 films and 28 TV specials</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carl_Hamilton_novels" title="Carl Hamilton novels">Carl Hamilton</a></i> (1989–present) – 10 films</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Ryan_(film_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jack Ryan (film series)"><i>Jack Ryan</i></a> (1990–2014) – 5 films</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission:_Impossible_(film_series)" title="Mission: Impossible (film series)"><i>Mission: Impossible</i> series</a> (1996–2025) – 8 films</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Austin_Powers_(film_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Austin Powers (film series)">Austin Powers</a></i> (1997–2002) – 3 films</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Charlie%27s_Angels_(franchise)" title="Charlie's Angels (franchise)">Charlie's Angels</a></i> (2000–2019) – 3 films</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spy_Kids_(franchise)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spy Kids (franchise)"><i>Spy Kids</i> series</a> (2001–2023) – 5 films</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourne_(film_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bourne (film series)"><i>The</i> <i>Bourne</i> series</a> (2002–2016) – 5 films</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/XXX_(film_series)" title="XXX (film series)">XXX</a></i> (2002–present) – 3 films</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Infernal_Affairs_(film_series)" title="Infernal Affairs (film series)">Infernal Affairs</a></i> (2002–2003) – 3 films</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Johnny_English_(film_series)" title="Johnny English (film series)">Johnny English</a></i> (2003–2018) – 3 films</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fast_%26_Furious" title="Fast & Furious">Fast & Furious</a></i> (2011–present) – 5 spy films<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kingsman_(franchise)" title="Kingsman (franchise)">Kingsman</a></i> (2014–2021) – 3 films</li></ul> </div> <p><b>One-shots, sequels and remakes</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Spione" title="Spione">Spione</a></i> (1928)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mysterious_Lady" title="The Mysterious Lady">The Mysterious Lady</a></i> (1928)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dishonored_(film)" title="Dishonored (film)">Dishonored</a></i> (1931)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mata_Hari_(1931_film)" title="Mata Hari (1931 film)">Mata Hari</a></i> (1931)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/On_Secret_Service" title="On Secret Service">On Secret Service</a></i> (1933)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lady_of_Lebanon_(1934_film)" title="The Lady of Lebanon (1934 film)">The Lady of Lebanon</a></i> (1934)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Madame_Spy_(1934_film)" title="Madame Spy (1934 film)">Madame Spy</a></i> (1934)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Man_Who_Knew_Too_Much_(1934_film)" title="The Man Who Knew Too Much (1934 film)">The Man Who Knew Too Much</a></i> (1934) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Man_Who_Knew_Too_Much_(1956_film)" title="The Man Who Knew Too Much (1956 film)">The Man Who Knew Too Much</a></i> (1956)</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_39_Steps_(1935_film)" title="The 39 Steps (1935 film)">The 39 Steps</a></i> (1935)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sabotage_(1936_film)" title="Sabotage (1936 film)">Sabotage</a></i> (1936)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lady_Vanishes" title="The Lady Vanishes">The Lady Vanishes</a></i> (1938)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Spy_in_Black" title="The Spy in Black">The Spy in Black</a></i> (1939)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Night_Train_to_Munich" title="Night Train to Munich">Night Train to Munich</a></i> (1940)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Virginia_City_(film)" title="Virginia City (film)">Virginia City</a></i> (1940)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saboteur_(film)" title="Saboteur (film)">Saboteur</a></i> (1942)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mask_of_Dimitrios" title="The Mask of Dimitrios">The Mask of Dimitrios</a></i> (1944)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Fear" title="Ministry of Fear">Ministry of Fear</a></i> (1944)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/I_See_a_Dark_Stranger" title="I See a Dark Stranger">I See a Dark Stranger</a></i> (1946)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Notorious_(1946_film)" title="Notorious (1946 film)">Notorious</a></i> (1946)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/13_Rue_Madeleine" title="13 Rue Madeleine">13 Rue Madeleine</a></i> (1947)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Third_Man" title="The Third Man">The Third Man</a></i> (1949)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Decision_Before_Dawn" title="Decision Before Dawn">Decision Before Dawn</a></i> (1951)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/My_Favorite_Spy_(1951_film)" title="My Favorite Spy (1951 film)">My Favourite Spy</a></i> (1951)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/5_Fingers" title="5 Fingers">5 Fingers</a></i> (1952)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pickup_on_South_Street" title="Pickup on South Street">Pickup on South Street</a></i> (1953)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Night_People_(1954_film)" title="Night People (1954 film)">Night People</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Man_Who_Never_Was" title="The Man Who Never Was">The Man Who Never Was</a></i> (1956)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Intrigue_(film)" title="Foreign Intrigue (film)">Foreign Intrigue</a></i> (1956)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carve_Her_Name_with_Pride" title="Carve Her Name with Pride">Carve Her Name with Pride</a></i> (1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Silent_Enemy_(1958_film)" title="The Silent Enemy (1958 film)">The Silent Enemy</a></i> (1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Two-Headed_Spy" title="The Two-Headed Spy">The Two-Headed Spy</a></i> (1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Quiet_American_(1958_film)" title="The Quiet American (1958 film)">The Quiet American</a></i> (1958) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Quiet_American_(2002_film)" title="The Quiet American (2002 film)">The Quiet American</a></i> (2002)</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/North_by_Northwest" title="North by Northwest">North by Northwest</a></i> (1959)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_Man_in_Havana_(film)" title="Our Man in Havana (film)">Our Man in Havana</a></i> (1959)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Pigeon_That_Took_Rome" title="The Pigeon That Took Rome">The Pigeon That Took Rome</a></i> (1962)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Manchurian_Candidate_(1962_film)" title="The Manchurian Candidate (1962 film)">The Manchurian Candidate</a></i> (1962) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Manchurian_Candidate_(2004_film)" title="The Manchurian Candidate (2004 film)">The Manchurian Candidate</a></i> (2004)</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Charade_(1963_film)" title="Charade (1963 film)">Charade</a></i> (1963)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/36_Hours_(1964_film)" title="36 Hours (1964 film)">36 Hours</a></i> (1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Spy_Who_Came_in_from_the_Cold_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Spy Who Came in from the Cold (film)">The Spy Who Came in from the Cold</a></i> (1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arabesque_(1966_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabesque (1966 film)">Arabesque</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Deadly_Affair" title="The Deadly Affair">The Deadly Affair</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Defector_(film)" title="The Defector (film)">The Defector</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i>Derek Flint</i> series <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_Man_Flint" title="Our Man Flint">Our Man Flint</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_Like_Flint" title="In Like Flint">In Like Flint</a></i> (1967)</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Modesty_Blaise_(1966_film)" title="Modesty Blaise (1966 film)">Modesty Blaise</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Quiller_Memorandum" title="The Quiller Memorandum">The Quiller Memorandum</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Torn_Curtain" title="Torn Curtain">Torn Curtain</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_President%27s_Analyst" title="The President's Analyst">The President's Analyst</a></i> (1967)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ice_Station_Zebra" title="Ice Station Zebra">Ice Station Zebra</a></i> (1968)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Topaz_(1969_film)" title="Topaz (1969 film)">Topaz</a></i> (1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Darling_Lili" title="Darling Lili">Darling Lili</a></i> (1970)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Kremlin_Letter" title="The Kremlin Letter">The Kremlin Letter</a></i> (1970)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tall_Blond_Man_with_One_Black_Shoe" title="The Tall Blond Man with One Black Shoe">The Tall Blond Man with One Black Shoe</a></i> (1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Odessa_File_(film)" title="The Odessa File (film)">The Odessa File</a></i> (1974)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Three_Days_of_the_Condor" title="Three Days of the Condor">Three Days of the Condor</a></i> (1975)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Eagle_Has_Landed_(film)" title="The Eagle Has Landed (film)">The Eagle Has Landed</a></i> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marathon_Man_(film)" title="Marathon Man (film)">Marathon Man</a></i> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Telefon_(film)" title="Telefon (film)">Telefon</a></i> (1977)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Avalanche_Express" title="Avalanche Express">Avalanche Express</a></i> (1979)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hopscotch_(film)" title="Hopscotch (film)">Hopscotch</a></i> (1980)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eye_of_the_Needle_(film)" title="Eye of the Needle (film)">Eye of the Needle</a></i> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Teheran_43" title="Teheran 43">Teheran 43</a></i> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Firefox_(film)" title="Firefox (film)">Firefox</a></i> (1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Top_Secret!" title="Top Secret!">Top Secret!</a></i> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Falcon_and_the_Snowman" title="The Falcon and the Snowman">The Falcon and the Snowman</a></i> (1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spies_Like_Us" title="Spies Like Us">Spies Like Us</a></i> (1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Target_(1985_film)" title="Target (1985 film)">Target</a></i> (1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fourth_Protocol_(film)" title="The Fourth Protocol (film)">The Fourth Protocol</a></i> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Femme_Nikita_(film)" title="La Femme Nikita (film)">La Femme Nikita</a></i> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Russia_House_(film)" title="The Russia House (film)">The Russia House</a></i> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sneakers_(1992_film)" title="Sneakers (1992 film)">Sneakers</a></i> (1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shining_Through" title="Shining Through">Shining Through</a></i> (1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Undercover_Blues" title="Undercover Blues">Undercover Blues</a></i> (1993)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/True_Lies" title="True Lies">True Lies</a></i> (1994)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/From_Beijing_with_Love" title="From Beijing with Love">From Beijing with Love</a></i> (1994)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Long_Kiss_Goodnight" title="The Long Kiss Goodnight">The Long Kiss Goodnight</a></i> (1996)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Peacemaker_(1997_film)" title="The Peacemaker (1997 film)">The Peacemaker</a></i> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Avengers_(1998_film)" title="The Avengers (1998 film)">The Avengers</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ronin_(film)" title="Ronin (film)">Ronin</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Enemy_of_the_State_(film)" title="Enemy of the State (film)">Enemy of the State</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spy_Game" title="Spy Game">Spy Game</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tailor_of_Panama_(film)" title="The Tailor of Panama (film)">The Tailor of Panama</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Undercover_Brother" title="Undercover Brother">Undercover Brother</a></i> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Confessions_of_a_Dangerous_Mind_(film)" title="Confessions of a Dangerous Mind (film)">Confessions of a Dangerous Mind</a></i> (2002)</li> <li><i> <a href="/wiki/I_Spy_(2002_film)" title="I Spy (2002 film)">I, Spy</a></i> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Recruit_(film)" title="The Recruit (film)">The Recruit</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i>Agent Cody Banks</i> series <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Agent_Cody_Banks" title="Agent Cody Banks">Agent Cody Banks</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Agent_Cody_Banks_2:_Destination_London" title="Agent Cody Banks 2: Destination London">Agent Cody Banks 2: Destination London</a></i> (2004)</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spartan_(film)" title="Spartan (film)">Spartan</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Walk_on_Water_(film)" title="Walk on Water (film)">Walk on Water</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Munich_(2005_film)" title="Munich (2005 film)">Munich</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Syriana" title="Syriana">Syriana</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Black_Book_(film)" title="Black Book (film)">Black Book</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Good_Shepherd_(film)" title="The Good Shepherd (film)">The Good Shepherd</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lives_of_Others" title="The Lives of Others">The Lives of Others</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Breach_(2007_film)" title="Breach (2007 film)">Breach</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Wilson%27s_War_(film)" title="Charlie Wilson's War (film)">Charlie Wilson's War</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Get_Smart_(film)" title="Get Smart (film)">Get Smart</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Burn_After_Reading" title="Burn After Reading">Burn After Reading</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Farewell_(2009_film)" title="Farewell (2009 film)">Farewell</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Knight_and_Day" title="Knight and Day">Knight and Day</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Salt_(2010_film)" title="Salt (2010 film)">Salt</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fair_Game_(2010_film)" title="Fair Game (2010 film)">Fair Game</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Debt_(2010_film)" title="The Debt (2010 film)">The Debt</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Red_(2010_film)" title="Red (2010 film)">Red</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cars_2" title="Cars 2">Cars 2</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Page_Eight" title="Page Eight">Page Eight</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tinker_Tailor_Soldier_Spy_(film)" title="Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy (film)">Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Haywire_(2011_film)" title="Haywire (2011 film)">Haywire</a></i> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Safe_House_(2012_film)" title="Safe House (2012 film)">Safe House</a></i> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/This_Means_War_(film)" title="This Means War (film)">This Means War</a></i> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ek_Tha_Tiger" title="Ek Tha Tiger">Ek Tha Tiger</a></i> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Argo_(2012_film)" title="Argo (2012 film)">Argo</a></i> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vishwaroopam" title="Vishwaroopam">Vishwaroopam</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Most_Wanted_Man_(film)" title="A Most Wanted Man (film)">A Most Wanted Man</a></i> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Captain_America:_The_Winter_Soldier" title="Captain America: The Winter Soldier">Captain America: The Winter Soldier</a></i> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Penguins_of_Madagascar" title="Penguins of Madagascar">Penguins of Madagascar</a></i> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/O21_(film)" title="O21 (film)">O21</a></i> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spy_(2015_film)" title="Spy (2015 film)">Spy</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Man_from_U.N.C.L.E._(film)" title="The Man from U.N.C.L.E. (film)">The Man from U.N.C.L.E.</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bridge_of_Spies_(film)" title="Bridge of Spies (film)">Bridge of Spies</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iru_Mugan" title="Iru Mugan">Iru Mugan</a></i> (2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Atomic_Blonde" title="Atomic Blonde">Atomic Blonde</a></i> (2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Unlocked_(2017_film)" title="Unlocked (2017 film)">Unlocked</a></i> (2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tiger_Zinda_Hai" title="Tiger Zinda Hai">Tiger Zinda Hai</a></i> (2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Red_Sparrow" title="Red Sparrow">Red Sparrow</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Goodachari" title="Goodachari">Goodachari</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Finale" title="Operation Finale">Operation Finale</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Catcher_Was_a_Spy_(film)" title="The Catcher Was a Spy (film)">The Catcher Was a Spy</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Red_Joan" title="Red Joan">Red Joan</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Raazi" title="Raazi">Raazi</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vishwaroopam_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Vishwaroopam 2">Vishwaroopam 2</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/War_(2019_film)" title="War (2019 film)">War</a></i> (2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Official_Secrets_(film)" title="Official Secrets (film)">Official Secrets</a></i> (2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/One_Day:_Justice_Delivered" title="One Day: Justice Delivered">One Day: Justice Delivered</a></i> (2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kaappaan" title="Kaappaan">Kaappaan</a></i> (2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saaho" title="Saaho">Saaho</a></i> (2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Romeo_Akbar_Walter" title="Romeo Akbar Walter">Romeo Akbar Walter</a></i> (2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Satellite_Shankar" title="Satellite Shankar">Satellite Shankar</a></i> (2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Courier_(2020_film)" title="The Courier (2020 film)">The Courier</a></i> (2020)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tenet_(film)" title="Tenet (film)">Tenet</a></i> (2020)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/London_Confidential" title="London Confidential">London Confidential</a></i> (2020)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Black_Widow_(2021_film)" title="Black Widow (2021 film)">Black Widow</a></i> (2021)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bell_Bottom_(2021_film)" title="Bell Bottom (2021 film)">Bell Bottom</a></i> (2021)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yaksha:_Ruthless_Operations" title="Yaksha: Ruthless Operations">Yaksha: Ruthless Operations</a></i> (2022)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Gray_Man_(2022_film)" title="The Gray Man (2022 film)">The Gray Man</a></i> (2022)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sardar_(2022_film)" title="Sardar (2022 film)">Sardar</a></i> (2022)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zarrar" title="Zarrar">Zarrar</a></i> (2022)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pathaan_(film)" title="Pathaan (film)">Pathaan</a></i> (2023)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Fortune:_Ruse_de_Guerre" title="Operation Fortune: Ruse de Guerre">Operation Fortune: Ruse de Guerre</a></i> (2023)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heart_of_Stone_(2023_film)" title="Heart of Stone (2023 film)">Heart of Stone</a></i> (2023)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Argylle" title="Argylle">Argylle</a></i> (2024)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ministry_of_Ungentlemanly_Warfare" title="The Ministry of Ungentlemanly Warfare">The Ministry of Ungentlemanly Warfare</a></i> (2024)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Television_series">Television series</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spy_film&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Television series"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some of the most popular television series include: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <p><b>Classic era</b> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Danger_Man" title="Danger Man">Danger Man</a></i> (1960–1968)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Avengers_(TV_series)" title="The Avengers (TV series)">The Avengers</a></i> (1961–1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Man_from_U.N.C.L.E." title="The Man from U.N.C.L.E.">The Man from U.N.C.L.E.</a></i> (1964–1968)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/I_Spy_(1965_TV_series)" title="I Spy (1965 TV series)">I Spy</a></i> (1965–1968)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wild_Wild_West" title="The Wild Wild West">The Wild Wild West</a></i> (1965–1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Get_Smart" title="Get Smart">Get Smart</a></i> (1965–1970)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mission:_Impossible_(1966_TV_series)" title="Mission: Impossible (1966 TV series)">Mission: Impossible</a></i> (1966–1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Prisoner" title="The Prisoner">The Prisoner</a></i> (1967–1968)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Callan_(TV_series)" title="Callan (TV series)">Callan</a></i> (1967–1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Seventeen_Moments_of_Spring" title="Seventeen Moments of Spring">Seventeen Moments of Spring</a></i> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Six_Million_Dollar_Man" title="The Six Million Dollar Man">The Six Million Dollar Man</a></i> (1973–1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bionic_Woman" title="The Bionic Woman">The Bionic Woman</a></i> (1976–1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sandbaggers" title="The Sandbaggers">The Sandbaggers</a></i> (1978–1980)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tinker_Tailor_Soldier_Spy_(TV_miniseries)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy (TV miniseries)">Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy</a></i> (1979)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Danger_Mouse_(1981_TV_series)" title="Danger Mouse (1981 TV series)">Danger Mouse</a></i> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Smiley%27s_People_(miniseries)" class="mw-redirect" title="Smiley's People (miniseries)">Smiley's People</a></i> (1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reilly,_Ace_of_Spies" title="Reilly, Ace of Spies">Reilly, Ace of Spies</a></i> (1983)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Equalizer_(1985_TV_series)" title="The Equalizer (1985 TV series)">The Equalizer</a></i> (1985–1989)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/MacGyver_(1985_TV_series)" title="MacGyver (1985 TV series)">MacGyver</a></i> (1985–1992)</li></ul> <p><b>Modern era</b> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%86on_Flux" title="Æon Flux">Æon Flux</a></i> (1991–1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Femme_Nikita_(TV_series)" title="La Femme Nikita (TV series)"><i>La Femme Nikita</i></a> (1997–2001) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nikita_(TV_series)" title="Nikita (TV series)">Nikita</a></i> (2010–2013)</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alias_(TV_series)" title="Alias (TV series)">Alias</a></i> (2001–2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/24_(TV_series)" title="24 (TV series)">24</a></i> (2001–2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kim_Possible" title="Kim Possible">Kim Possible</a></i> (2002–2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Foyle%27s_War" title="Foyle's War">Foyle's War</a></i> (2002–2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spooks_(TV_series)" title="Spooks (TV series)">Spooks</a></i> (2002–2011), aka <i>MI-5</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Burn_Notice" title="Burn Notice">Burn Notice</a></i> (2007–2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chuck_(TV_series)" title="Chuck (TV series)">Chuck</a></i> (2007–2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Company_(miniseries)" title="The Company (miniseries)">The Company</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Archer_(2009_TV_series)" title="Archer (2009 TV series)">Archer</a></i> (2009–2023)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Human_Target_(2010_TV_series)" title="Human Target (2010 TV series)">Human Target</a></i> (2010–2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubicon_(TV_series)" title="Rubicon (TV series)">Rubicon</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Strike_Back_(TV_series)" title="Strike Back (TV series)">Strike Back</a></i> (2010–2020)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Homeland_(TV_series)" title="Homeland (TV series)">Homeland</a></i> (2011–2020)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Person_of_Interest_(TV_series)" title="Person of Interest (TV series)">Person of Interest</a></i> (2011–2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Americans" title="The Americans">The Americans</a></i> (2013–2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Blacklist" title="The Blacklist">The Blacklist</a></i> (2013–present)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Honourable_Woman" title="The Honourable Woman">The Honourable Woman</a></i> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Turn:_Washington%27s_Spies" title="Turn: Washington's Spies">Turn: Washington's Spies</a></i> (2014–2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Madam_Secretary_(TV_series)" title="Madam Secretary (TV series)">Madam Secretary</a></i> (2014–2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bureau_(TV_series)" title="The Bureau (TV series)">The Bureau</a></i> (2015–present)</li> <li><i>Deutschland</i> trilogy (2015–2020) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Deutschland_83" title="Deutschland 83">Deutschland 83</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deutschland_86" title="Deutschland 86">Deutschland 86</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deutschland_89" title="Deutschland 89">Deutschland 89</a></i> (2020)</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/London_Spy" title="London Spy">London Spy</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fauda" title="Fauda">Fauda</a></i> (2015–present)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Night_Manager_(British_TV_series)" title="The Night Manager (British TV series)">The Night Manager</a></i> (2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Counterpart_(TV_series)" title="Counterpart (TV series)">Counterpart</a></i> (2017–2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Condor_(TV_series)" title="Condor (TV series)">Condor</a></i> (2018–present)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Killing_Eve" title="Killing Eve">Killing Eve</a></i> (2018–present)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Little_Drummer_Girl_(TV_series)" title="The Little Drummer Girl (TV series)">The Little Drummer Girl</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Looming_Tower_(miniseries)" title="The Looming Tower (miniseries)">The Looming Tower</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tom_Clancy%27s_Jack_Ryan_(TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tom Clancy's Jack Ryan (TV series)">Jack Ryan</a></i> (2018–2023)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Family_Man_(Indian_TV_series)" title="The Family Man (Indian TV series)">The Family Man</a></i> (2019–present)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Spy_(TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Spy (TV series)">The Spy</a></i> (2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alex_Rider_(TV_series)" title="Alex Rider (TV series)">Alex Rider</a></i> (2020–present)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Caliphate_(TV_series)" title="Caliphate (TV series)">Caliphate</a></i> (2020)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tehran_(TV_series)" title="Tehran (TV series)">Tehran</a></i> (2020)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_unidad" title="La unidad">La unidad</a></i> (2020–)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Andor_(TV_series)" title="Andor (TV series)">Andor</a></i> (2022)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Slow_Horses" title="Slow Horses">Slow Horses</a></i> (2022–present)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spy_film&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurospy_film" title="Eurospy film">Eurospy film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_based_on_spy_books" title="List of films based on spy books">List of films based on spy books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_surveillance" title="List of films featuring surveillance">List of films featuring surveillance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_James_Bond_parodies_and_spin-offs" title="List of James Bond parodies and spin-offs">List of James Bond parodies and spin-offs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_spy_films" title="List of spy films">List of spy films</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spy_film&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The Spying Game: British Cinema and the Secret State", 2009 <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Film_Festival" title="Cambridge Film Festival">Cambridge Film Festival</a>, pp. 54–57 of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://issuu.com/camfilmtrust/docs/cff09_brochure">festival brochure.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/spy-movies-the-guys-who-came-in-from-the-cold-1796078.html">"Spy movies - The guys who came in from the cold"</a></span>. <i>The Independent</i>. October 2, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220524/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/spy-movies-the-guys-who-came-in-from-the-cold-1796078.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-05-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Spy+movies+-+The+guys+who+came+in+from+the+cold&rft.date=2009-10-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Farts-entertainment%2Ffilms%2Ffeatures%2Fspy-movies-the-guys-who-came-in-from-the-cold-1796078.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpy+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120117090541/http://www.allrovi.com/movies/genre/spy-film-d515">"Spy Film Movies and Films - Find Spy Film Movie Recommendations, Casts, Reviews, and Summaries - AllRovi"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allrovi.com/movies/genre/spy-film-d515">the original</a> on 2012-01-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-01-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Spy+Film+Movies+and+Films+-+Find+Spy+Film+Movie+Recommendations%2C+Casts%2C+Reviews%2C+and+Summaries+-+AllRovi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allrovi.com%2Fmovies%2Fgenre%2Fspy-film-d515&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpy+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0458876/"><i>O.H.M.S.</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForeman2023" class="citation web cs1">Foreman, Alison (24 August 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiewire.com/feature/best-spy-movies-espionage-films-260852/#:~:text=%E2%80%9CNorth%20By%20Northwest%E2%80%9D%20(1959)&text=In%20the%20upper%20echelon%20of,the%20definitive%20best%20spy%20movie.">"The 20 Best Spy Movies, from 'Enemy of the State' to 'North by Northwest'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>IndieWire</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IndieWire&rft.atitle=The+20+Best+Spy+Movies%2C+from+%27Enemy+of+the+State%27+to+%27North+by+Northwest%27&rft.date=2023-08-24&rft.aulast=Foreman&rft.aufirst=Alison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiewire.com%2Ffeature%2Fbest-spy-movies-espionage-films-260852%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3D%25E2%2580%259CNorth%2520By%2520Northwest%25E2%2580%259D%2520%281959%29%26text%3DIn%2520the%2520upper%2520echelon%2520of%2Cthe%2520definitive%2520best%2520spy%2520movie.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpy+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllison2019" class="citation web cs1">Allison, Mark (11 July 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.denofgeek.com/movies/north-by-northwest-modern-action-movie/">"How North by Northwest Invented the Modern Action Movie"</a>. <i>Den of Geek</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Den+of+Geek&rft.atitle=How+North+by+Northwest+Invented+the+Modern+Action+Movie&rft.date=2019-07-11&rft.aulast=Allison&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.denofgeek.com%2Fmovies%2Fnorth-by-northwest-modern-action-movie%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpy+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatterson2009" class="citation web cs1">Patterson, John (12 June 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/2009/jun/13/alfred-hitchcock-north-by-northwest">"Hitching a ride with the Master of Suspense"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Hitching+a+ride+with+the+Master+of+Suspense&rft.date=2009-06-12&rft.aulast=Patterson&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ffilm%2F2009%2Fjun%2F13%2Falfred-hitchcock-north-by-northwest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpy+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The first four focused on illegal street racing and thus they were not spy films </span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Template:Film_genres" title="Template:Film genres"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Film_genres" title="Template talk:Film genres"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Film_genres" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Film genres"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Film_genres" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">Film</a> <a href="/wiki/Film_genre" title="Film genre">genres</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By style</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_film" title="Action film">Action</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heroic_bloodshed" title="Heroic bloodshed">Heroic bloodshed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_action_cinema" title="Hong Kong action cinema">Hong Kong action</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adventure_film" title="Adventure film">Adventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_film" title="Art film">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biographical_film" title="Biographical film">Biographical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_film_industry" title="Christian film industry">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_film" title="Comedy film">Comedy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_comedy" title="Action comedy">Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_comedy" title="Black comedy">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_all%27italiana" title="Commedia all'italiana">Commedia all'italiana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_sexy_all%27italiana" title="Commedia sexy all'italiana">Sexy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_drama" title="Comedy drama">Dramedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gross_out" title="Gross out">Gross out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_horror" title="Comedy horror">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parody_film" title="Parody film">Parody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mo_lei_tau" title="Mo lei tau">Mo lei tau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thriller_(genre)" title="Thriller (genre)">Thriller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_of_remarriage" title="Comedy of remarriage">Remarriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_comedy" title="Romantic comedy">Romantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_comedy" title="Sex comedy">Sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screwball_comedy" title="Screwball comedy">Screwball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silent_comedy" title="Silent comedy">Silent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slapstick_film" title="Slapstick film">Slapstick</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberpunk" title="Cyberpunk">Cyberpunk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_cyberpunk" title="Japanese cyberpunk">Japanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Documentary_film" title="Documentary film">Documentary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animated_documentary" title="Animated documentary">Animated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_symphony" title="City symphony">City symphony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docudrama" title="Docudrama">Docudrama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mockumentary" title="Mockumentary">Mockumentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mondo_film" title="Mondo film">Mondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-documentary" title="Pseudo-documentary">Pseudo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semidocumentary" title="Semidocumentary">Semi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_documentary" title="Travel documentary">Travel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_essay" title="Video essay">Video essay</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drama_(film_and_television)" title="Drama (film and television)">Drama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calligrafismo" title="Calligrafismo">Calligrafismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_drama" title="Comedy drama">Dramedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_drama" title="Historical drama">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_drama" title="Legal drama">Legal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_in_film" title="Sex in film">Erotic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_sexy_all%27italiana" title="Commedia sexy all'italiana">Commedia sexy all'italiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink_film" title="Pink film">Pink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexploitation_film" title="Sexploitation film">Sexploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_thriller" title="Erotic thriller">Thriller</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_film" title="Educational film">Educational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_guidance_film" title="Social guidance film">Social guidance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic_film" title="Epic film">Epic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sword-and-sandal" title="Sword-and-sandal">Sword-and-sandal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_film" title="Experimental film">Experimental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploitation_film" title="Exploitation film">Exploitation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Exploitation_film" title="Template:Exploitation film">see <i>Exploitation film template</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_film" title="Fantasy film">Fantasy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_comedy" title="Fantasy comedy">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_fantasy" title="Contemporary fantasy">Contemporary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastique" title="Fantastique">Fantastique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_fantasy" title="High fantasy">High</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_fantasy" title="Historical fantasy">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_realism" class="mw-redirect" title="Magic realism">Magic realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fantasy" title="Science fantasy">Science</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_noir" title="Film noir">Film noir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-noir" title="Neo-noir">Neo-noir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_noir" title="Pulp noir">Pulp noir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tech_noir" title="Tech noir">Tech noir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_film" title="Gothic film">Gothic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_romance_film" title="Gothic romance film">Romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Gothic" title="Southern Gothic">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic science fiction">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suburban_Gothic" title="Suburban Gothic">Suburban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_Gothic" title="Urban Gothic">Urban</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_film" title="Horror film">Horror</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_horror" title="Art horror">Arthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_body_horror_media" title="List of body horror media">Body</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannibal_film" title="Cannibal film">Cannibal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_horror_film" title="Chinese horror film">Chinese horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_horror" title="Christmas horror">Christmas horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_horror" title="Comedy horror">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_eco-horror_films" title="List of eco-horror films">Eco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastique" title="Fantastique">Fantastique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Found_footage_(film_technique)" title="Found footage (film technique)">Found footage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_underground_horror" title="German underground horror">German underground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ghost_films" title="List of ghost films">Ghost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giallo" title="Giallo">Giallo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_giallo_films" title="List of giallo films">List of films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_holiday_horror_films" title="List of holiday horror films">Holiday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_horror" title="Japanese horror">Japanese horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_horror" title="Korean horror">Korean horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovecraftian_horror" title="Lovecraftian horror">Lovecraftian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melodrama_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Melodrama film">Melodrama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_melodrama" title="Korean melodrama">Korean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_natural_horror_films" title="List of natural horror films">Natural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_in_horror_films" title="Gender in horror films">Psycho-biddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_horror" title="Psychological horror">Psychological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_horror_films" title="List of science fiction horror films">Science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slasher_film" title="Slasher film">Slasher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Splatter_film" title="Splatter film">Splatter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satanic_film" title="Satanic film">Satanic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximalist_film" title="Maximalist film">Maximalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimalist_film" title="Minimalist film">Minimalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumblecore" title="Mumblecore">Mumblecore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_film" title="Musical film">Musical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthouse_musical" title="Arthouse musical">Arthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backstage_musical" title="Backstage musical">Backstage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jukebox_musical" title="Jukebox musical">Jukebox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musicarello" title="Musicarello">Musicarello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operetta_film" title="Operetta film">Operetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sceneggiata" title="Sceneggiata">Sceneggiata</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystery_film" title="Mystery film">Mystery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Detective_fiction" title="Detective fiction">Detective</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Occult_detective_fiction" title="Occult detective fiction">Occult detective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whodunit" title="Whodunit">Whodunit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giallo" title="Giallo">Giallo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossover_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Crossover fiction">Crossover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornographic_film" title="Pornographic film">Pornographic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hardcore_pornography" title="Hardcore pornography">Hardcore pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Softcore_pornography" title="Softcore pornography">Softcore pornography</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Malayalam_softcore_pornography" title="Malayalam softcore pornography">Malayalam</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_film" title="Propaganda film">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reality_film" title="Reality film">Reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romance_film" title="Romance film">Romantic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_comedy" title="Romantic comedy">Comedy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bromantic_comedy" title="Bromantic comedy">Bromantic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_fantasy" title="Romantic fantasy">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_romance_film" title="Gothic romance film">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranormal_romance" title="Paranormal romance">Paranormal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_thriller" title="Romantic thriller">Thriller</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_film" title="Science fiction film">Science fiction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthouse_science_fiction_film" title="Arthouse science fiction film">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_comedy" title="Science fiction comedy">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastique" title="Fantastique">Fantastique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fantasy" title="Science fantasy">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic science fiction">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_horror_films" title="List of science fiction horror films">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_science_fiction" title="Military science fiction">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Wave_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="New Wave science fiction">New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_opera" title="Space opera">Space opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk">Steampunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokusatsu" title="Tokusatsu">Tokusatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Western" title="Space Western">Western</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slice_of_life" title="Slice of life">Slice of life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_cinema" title="Slow cinema">Slow cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survival_film" title="Survival film">Survival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thriller_film" title="Thriller film">Thriller</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_thriller" title="Comedy thriller">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_thriller" title="Erotic thriller">Erotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_thriller" title="Financial thriller">Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giallo" title="Giallo">Giallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_thriller" title="Legal thriller">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_thriller" title="Political thriller">Political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_thriller" title="Psychological thriller">Psychological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_thriller" title="Romantic thriller">Romantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techno-thriller" title="Techno-thriller">Techno</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgressive_art" title="Transgressive art">Transgressive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Transgression" title="Cinema of Transgression">Cinema of Transgression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_cinema" title="Extreme cinema">Extreme cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trick_film" title="Trick film">Trick</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By theme</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_animals" title="List of films about animals">Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beach_party_film" title="Beach party film">Beach party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_swap" title="Body swap">Body swap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_film" title="Buddy film">Buddy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_cop" title="Buddy cop">Buddy cop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_buddy_film" title="Female buddy film">Female</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannibal_film" title="Cannibal film">Cannibal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chicano_films" title="List of Chicano films">Chicano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_cinema" title="Colonial cinema">Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coming-of-age_story" title="Coming-of-age story">Coming-of-age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concert_film" title="Concert film">Concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_film" title="Crime film">Crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Detective_fiction" title="Detective fiction">Detective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangster_film" title="Gangster film">Gangster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentleman_thief" title="Gentleman thief">Gentleman thief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gokud%C5%8D" title="Gokudō">Gokudō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gong%27an_fiction" title="Gong'an fiction">Gong'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heist_film" title="Heist film">Heist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroic_bloodshed" title="Heroic bloodshed">Heroic bloodshed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hood_film" title="Hood film">Hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafia_film" title="Mafia film">Mafia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafia_comedy_film" title="Mafia comedy film">Mafia comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_underworld_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Mumbai underworld film">Mumbai underworld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poliziotteschi" title="Poliziotteschi">Poliziotteschi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakuza_film" title="Yakuza film">Yakuza</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_film" title="Dance in film">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disaster_film" title="Disaster film">Disaster</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_apocalyptic_films" title="List of apocalyptic films">Apocalyptic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_drug_films" title="List of drug films">Drug</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_film" title="Psychedelic film">Psychedelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoner_film" title="Stoner film">Stoner</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dystopian_films" title="List of dystopian films">Dystopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecchi" title="Ecchi">Ecchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnographic_film" title="Ethnographic film">Ethnographic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploitation_film" title="Exploitation film">Exploitation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blaxploitation" title="Blaxploitation">Blaxploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexploitation" title="Mexploitation">Mexploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turksploitation" title="Turksploitation">Turksploitation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_extraterrestrials" title="List of films featuring extraterrestrials">Extraterrestrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_food_and_drink" title="List of films about food and drink">Food and drink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendai-geki" title="Gendai-geki">Gendai-geki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ghost_films" title="List of ghost films">Ghost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goona-goona_epic" title="Goona-goona epic">Goona-goona epic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_film" title="Gothic film">Gothic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_romance_film" title="Gothic romance film">Romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic science fiction">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suburban_Gothic" title="Suburban Gothic">Suburban</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girls_with_guns" title="Girls with guns">Girls with guns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harem_(genre)" title="Harem (genre)">Harem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hentai" title="Hentai">Hentai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lolicon" title="Lolicon">Lolicon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shotacon" title="Shotacon">Shotacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tentacle_erotica" title="Tentacle erotica">Tentacle erotica</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heimatfilm" title="Heimatfilm">Homeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isekai" title="Isekai">Isekai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jidaigeki" title="Jidaigeki">Jidaigeki</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samurai_cinema" title="Samurai cinema">Samurai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentleman_thief" title="Gentleman thief">Kaitō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ-related_films" title="List of LGBTQ-related films">LGBTQ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yaoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaoi">Yaoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_(genre)" title="Yuri (genre)">Yuri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luchador_films" title="Luchador films">Luchador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_girl" title="Magical girl">Magical girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_arts_film" title="Martial arts film">Martial arts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bruceploitation" title="Bruceploitation">Bruceploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopsocky" title="Chopsocky">Chopsocky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_fu" title="Gun fu">Gun fu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kung_fu_film" title="Kung fu film">Kung fu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ninja_films" title="List of ninja films">Ninja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxia" title="Wuxia">Wuxia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecha" title="Mecha">Mecha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mecha_anime_and_manga" title="Mecha anime and manga">Anime</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monster_movie" title="Monster movie">Monster</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_giant_monsters" title="List of films featuring giant monsters">Giant monster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiju" title="Kaiju">Kaiju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mummy_films" title="List of mummy films">Mummy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vampire_film" title="Vampire film">Vampire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_zombie_films" title="List of zombie films">Zombie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zombie_comedy" title="Zombie comedy">Zombie comedy</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_film" title="Mountain film">Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_da_Boca_do_Lixo" title="Cinema da Boca do Lixo">Mouth of Garbage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_social" title="Muslim social">Muslim social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature_documentary" title="Nature documentary">Nature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_environmental_films" title="List of environmental films">Environmental issues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_film" title="Opera film">Opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlaw_biker_film" title="Outlaw biker film">Outlaw biker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozploitation" title="Ozploitation">Ozploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partisan_film" title="Partisan film">Partisan film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prison_film" title="Prison film">Prison</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_prison_film" title="Women in prison film">Women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_film" title="Race film">Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_and_revenge_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Rape and revenge film">Rape and revenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_movie" title="Road movie">Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%BCmmerfilm" title="Trümmerfilm">Rubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumberas_film" title="Rumberas film">Rumberas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexploitation_film" title="Sexploitation film">Sexploitation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bavarian_porn" title="Bavarian porn">Bavarian porn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_sexy_all%27italiana" title="Commedia sexy all'italiana">Commedia sexy all'italiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_sex_comedy" title="Mexican sex comedy">Mexican sex comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_exploitation" title="Nazi exploitation">Nazi exploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornochanchada" title="Pornochanchada">Pornochanchada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunsploitation" title="Nunsploitation">Nunsploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_report_film" title="Sex report film">Sex report</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshimin-eiga" title="Shoshimin-eiga">Shoshimin-eiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_slavery" title="List of films featuring slavery">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slice_of_life" title="Slice of life">Slice of life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snuff_film" title="Snuff film">Snuff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Seas_genre" title="South Seas genre">South Seas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_film" title="Sports film">Sports</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Spy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurospy_film" title="Eurospy film">Eurospy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superhero_film" title="Superhero film">Superhero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surf_film" title="Surf film">Surfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swashbuckler_film" title="Swashbuckler film">Swashbuckler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword-and-sandal" title="Sword-and-sandal">Sword-and-sandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword_and_sorcery" title="Sword and sorcery">Sword and sorcery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_documentary" title="Travel documentary">Travel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imaginary_voyage" title="Imaginary voyage">imaginary voyage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_film" title="Trial film">Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigilante_film" title="Vigilante film">Vigilante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_film" title="War film">War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anti-war_films" class="mw-redirect" title="List of anti-war films">Anti-war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro_War" title="Euro War">Euro War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_films" title="Submarine films">Submarine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_film" title="Western film">Western</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acid_Western" title="Acid Western">Acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Western" title="Contemporary Western">Contemporary Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacoit_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Dacoit Western">Dacoit Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasy Western">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Western" title="Florida Western">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_Western" title="Horror Western">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Western" title="Australian Western">Meat pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_(genre)" title="Northern (genre)">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostern" title="Ostern">Ostern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revisionist_Western" title="Revisionist Western">Revisionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_Western" title="Science fiction Western">Science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singing_cowboy" title="Singing cowboy">Singing cowboy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Western" title="Space Western">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_Western" title="Spaghetti Western">Spaghetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weird_West" title="Weird West">Weird Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapata_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Zapata Western">Zapata Western</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By movement <br /> or period</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Absolute film">Absolute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_eccentric_cinema" title="American eccentric cinema">American eccentric cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Objectivity_(filmmaking)" title="New Objectivity (filmmaking)">New Objectivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_New_Wave" title="Australian New Wave">Australian New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auteur" title="Auteur">Auteur films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_School_(filmmaking)" title="Berlin School (filmmaking)">Berlin School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourekas_film" title="Bourekas film">Bourekas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_School_(filmmaking)" title="Brighton School (filmmaking)">Brighton School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_New_Wave" title="British New Wave">British New Wave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_sink_realism" title="Kitchen sink realism">Kitchen sink realism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_school" title="Budapest school">Budapest school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calligrafismo" title="Calligrafismo">Calligrafismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannibal_film" title="Cannibal film">Cannibal boom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_du_look" title="Cinéma du look">Cinéma du look</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_Novo" title="Cinema Novo">Cinema Novo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Transgression" title="Cinema of Transgression">Cinema of Transgression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_pur" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinéma pur">Cinéma pur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_all%27italiana" title="Commedia all'italiana">Commedia all'italiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_New_Wave" title="Czechoslovak New Wave">Czechoslovak New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Documentary_Film_Movement" title="Documentary Film Movement">Documentary Film Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogme_95" title="Dogme 95">Dogme 95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erra_Cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Erra Cinema">Erra Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_art_cinema" title="European art cinema">European art cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_d%27art" title="Film d'art">Film d'art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_gris" title="Film gris">Film gris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Cinema" title="Free Cinema">Free Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_New_Wave" title="French New Wave">French New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_expressionist_cinema" title="German expressionist cinema">German Expressionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_underground_horror" title="German underground horror">German underground horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Nigerian_Cinema" title="Golden Age of Nigerian Cinema">Nigerian Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grupo_Cine_Liberaci%C3%B3n" title="Grupo Cine Liberación">Grupo Cine Liberación</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heimatfilm" title="Heimatfilm">Heimatfilm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollywood_on_the_Tiber" title="Hollywood on the Tiber">Hollywood on the Tiber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_New_Wave" title="Hong Kong New Wave">Hong Kong New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiewood" title="Indiewood">Indiewood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_New_Wave" title="Iranian New Wave">Iranian New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_futurism_in_cinema" title="Italian futurism in cinema">Italian futurist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_neorealism" title="Italian neorealism">Italian neorealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_New_Wave" title="Japanese New Wave">Japanese New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kammerspielfilm" title="Kammerspielfilm">Kammerspielfilm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L.A._Rebellion" title="L.A. Rebellion">L.A. Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lettrism" title="Lettrism">Lettrist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernist_film" title="Modernist film">Modernist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumblecore" title="Mumblecore">Mumblecore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neorealism_(art)" title="Neorealism (art)">Neorealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_German_Cinema" title="New German Cinema">New German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_generation_(Malayalam_film_movement)" title="New generation (Malayalam film movement)">New generation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hollywood" title="New Hollywood">New Hollywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Nigerian_Cinema" title="New Nigerian Cinema">New Nollywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_queer_cinema" title="New queer cinema">New Queer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_Wave_Cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="No Wave Cinema">No wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuevo_Cine_Mexicano" title="Nuevo Cine Mexicano">Nuevo Cine Mexicano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Indian_film" title="Pan-Indian film">Pan-Indian film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_cinema" title="Parallel cinema">Parallel cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filmfarsi" title="Filmfarsi">Persian Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poetic_realism" title="Poetic realism">Poetic realist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Film_School" title="Polish Film School">Polish Film School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poliziotteschi" title="Poliziotteschi">Poliziotteschi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Prague_film_school" title="The Prague film school">The Prague film school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussian_film" title="Prussian film">Prussian film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pure_Film_Movement" title="Pure Film Movement">Pure Film Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remodernist_film" title="Remodernist film">Remodernist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_New_Wave" title="Romanian New Wave">Romanian New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_cinema" title="Slow cinema">Slow cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_Western" title="Spaghetti Western">Spaghetti Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_realism" title="Socialist realism">Socialist realist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_realism" title="Social realism">Social realist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_sink_realism" title="Kitchen sink realism">Kitchen sink realism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_parallel_cinema" title="Soviet parallel cinema">Soviet parallel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_film" title="Structural film">Structural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrealist_cinema" title="Surrealist cinema">Surrealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword-and-sandal" title="Sword-and-sandal">Sword-and-sandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telefoni_Bianchi" title="Telefoni Bianchi">Telefoni Bianchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Cinema" title="Third Cinema">Third Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_New_Wave" title="Toronto New Wave">Toronto New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgar_auteurism" title="Vulgar auteurism">Vulgar auteurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Black_Wave" title="Yugoslav Black Wave">Yugoslav Black Wave</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By demographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pornographic_film" title="Pornographic film">Adult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_film" title="Black film">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_film" title="Children's film">Children and family</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_anime_and_manga" title="Children's anime and manga">Anime</a></li></ul></li> <li>Men <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seinen_manga" title="Seinen manga">Seinen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stag_film" title="Stag film">Stag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teen_film" title="Teen film">Teen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dnen_manga" title="Shōnen manga">Shōnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Djo_manga" title="Shōjo manga">Shōjo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman%27s_film" title="Woman's film">Women</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chick_flick" title="Chick flick">Chick flick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josei_manga" title="Josei manga">Josei</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By format,<br /> technique,<br /> approach,<br /> or production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3D_film" title="3D film">3D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actuality_film" title="Actuality film">Actuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animation" title="Animation">Animation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">Anime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthouse_animation" title="Arthouse animation">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animated_cartoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Animated cartoon">Cartoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_animation" title="Computer animation">Computer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_motion" title="Stop motion">Stop-motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_animation" title="Traditional animation">Traditional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthology_film" title="Anthology film">Anthology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_film" title="Art film">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B_movie" title="B movie">B movie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behind-the-scenes" title="Behind-the-scenes">Behind-the-scenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-and-white" title="Black-and-white">Black-and-white</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockbuster_(entertainment)" title="Blockbuster (entertainment)">Blockbuster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_v%C3%A9rit%C3%A9" title="Cinéma vérité">Cinéma vérité</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Hollywood_cinema" title="Classical Hollywood cinema">Classical Hollywood cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collage_film" title="Collage film">Collage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_motion_picture_film" title="Color motion picture film">Color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compilation_film" title="Compilation film">Compilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Composite_film" title="Composite film">Composite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screenlife" title="Screenlife">Computer screen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cult_film" title="Cult film">Cult</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Midnight_movie" title="Midnight movie">midnight movie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Database_cinema" title="Database cinema">Database cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docufiction" title="Docufiction">Docufiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnofiction" title="Ethnofiction">Ethnofiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_film" title="Experimental film">Experimental</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstract_animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Abstract animation">Abstract</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feature_film" title="Feature film">Feature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Featurette" title="Featurette">Featurette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_%C3%A0_clef" title="Film à clef">Film à clef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film-poem" title="Film-poem">Film-poem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Found_footage_(film_technique)" title="Found footage (film technique)">Found footage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperlink_cinema" title="Hyperlink cinema">Hyperlink cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_film" title="Independent film">Independent</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_filmmaking" title="Guerrilla filmmaking">Guerrilla filmmaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_independent_films" title="List of American independent films">List of American independent films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstitial_art" title="Interstitial art">Interstitial art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_action" title="Live action">Live action</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_with_live_action_and_animation" title="List of films with live action and animation">animation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-budget_film" title="Low-budget film">Low-budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_film_studios" title="Major film studios">Major film studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masala_film" title="Masala film">Masala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximalist_film" title="Maximalist film">Maximalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Message_picture" title="Message picture">Message picture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metacinema" title="Metacinema">Meta-film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimalist_film" title="Minimalist film">Minimalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mockbuster" title="Mockbuster">Mockbuster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernist_film" title="Modernist film">Modernist film</a></li> <li><a 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