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vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Characteristics of the genre subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Characteristics_of_the_genre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Femme_fatale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Femme_fatale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Femme fatale </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Femme_fatale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_fall_guy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_fall_guy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 The fall guy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_fall_guy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Origins </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1980s–1990s:_Classic_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1980s–1990s:_Classic_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 1980s–1990s: Classic period </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-1980s–1990s:_Classic_period-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle 1980s–1990s: Classic period subsection </button> <ul id="toc-1980s–1990s:_Classic_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-DTV_(direct-to-video)_market" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#DTV_(direct-to-video)_market"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 DTV (direct-to-video) market </div> </a> <ul id="toc-DTV_(direct-to-video)_market-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_factors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_factors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Cultural factors </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_factors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-classic_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-classic_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Post-classic period </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-classic_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Backlash" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Backlash"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Backlash </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Backlash-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_developments_of_the_genre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_developments_of_the_genre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Further developments of the genre </div> </a> <ul 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id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Erotic thriller</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thriller_%C3%A9rotique" title="Thriller érotique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Thriller érotique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%AF_%D5%A9%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Էրոտիկ թրիլեր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էրոտիկ թրիլեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thriller_erotico" title="Thriller erotico – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Thriller erotico" 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.hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Romantic_thriller" title="Romantic thriller">Romantic thriller</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fatal_Attraction_Time_cover.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/13/Fatal_Attraction_Time_cover.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="291" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="291" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fatal_Attraction" title="Fatal Attraction">Fatal Attraction</a>, a major box office success in 1987, was featured on the cover of <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> magazine and is credited with kicking off the erotic thriller film craze.</figcaption></figure> The erotic thriller or sexual thriller is a <a href="/wiki/Film_genre" title="Film genre">film subgenre</a> defined as a <a href="/wiki/Thriller_film" title="Thriller film">thriller</a> with a thematic basis in illicit romance or <a href="/wiki/Sexual_fantasy" title="Sexual fantasy">sexual fantasy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin200717-18-1">[1]</a> Though exact definitions of the erotic thriller can vary, it is generally agreed "bodily danger and pleasure must remain in close proximity and equally important to the plot."<a href="#cite_note-:0-2">[2]</a> Most erotic thrillers contain scenes of <a href="/wiki/Softcore_pornography" title="Softcore pornography">softcore</a> sex and nudity, though the frequency and explicitness of those scenes can differ from film to film.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrews2006136-3">[3]</a> Erotic thrillers emerged as a distinct genre in the late 1980s, bolstered by the popular success of <a href="/wiki/Fatal_Attraction" title="Fatal Attraction">Fatal Attraction</a> in 1987<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeesey200144-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams200549-5">[5]</a> and continuing into the early 1990s. Studio films of this "classic period", such as <a href="/wiki/Paul_Verhoeven" title="Paul Verhoeven">Paul Verhoeven</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Basic_Instinct" title="Basic Instinct">Basic Instinct</a>, were box office successes, helmed by big-name directors, and starred high-profile actors.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> The popularity of the genre spawned a lucrative cottage industry for the burgeoning <a href="/wiki/Home_video" title="Home video">home video</a> and cable television markets. The <a href="/wiki/Direct-to-video" title="Direct-to-video">direct-to-video</a> erotic thriller wave from 1985 to 2005 produced over 700 films.<a href="#cite_note-:14-7">[7]</a> By the end of the 1990s, market saturation, audience fatigue, cultural changes and the rise of the Internet led to the decline of the genre's popular appeal and production volume.<a href="#cite_note-:14-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams200577–78-8">[8]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Erotic_thriller&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definition">edit</a>]</div> According to British film studies professor <a href="/wiki/Linda_Ruth_Williams" title="Linda Ruth Williams">Linda Ruth Williams</a>, "Erotic thrillers are <a href="/wiki/Noir_fiction" title="Noir fiction">noir</a>ish stories of sexual intrigue incorporating some form of criminality or duplicity, often as the flimsy framework for onscreen <a href="/wiki/Softcore_pornography" title="Softcore pornography">softcore</a> sex".<a href="#cite_note-:0-2">[2]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">The predominating syntax that shapes these films combines romanticized, "erotic" appeal with a dangerous "thriller" narrative – a "pleasure/danger" principle.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Nina_K._Martin" title="Nina K. Martin">Nina K. Martin</a>, Sexy Thrills: Undressing the Erotic Thriller<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin20074-9">[9]</a></cite></div></blockquote> The <a href="/wiki/Thriller_film" title="Thriller film">thriller</a> film genre contains subgenres other than the noir crime film and murder mystery,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcKee199782-10">[10]</a> including the psychological thriller, or suspense stories of illicit romance and sexual obsession. Thus, the erotic thriller participates in several genres and film styles at once,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams200523-11">[11]</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Film_noir" title="Film noir">film noir</a>, romance, <a href="/wiki/Gothic_film" title="Gothic film">gothic</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Thriller_film" title="Thriller film">thriller</a>, taking narrative and stylistic elements from each.<a href="#cite_note-:14-7">[7]</a> Because the erotic thriller combines various genres, pinning down the exact formula for an erotic thriller can be difficult. Though academics and writers on the subject encapsulate the erotic thriller film differently, the overlapping of the suspense thriller, romance, and softcore sex film is the unique domain of the erotic thriller.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin200729-12">[12]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics_of_the_genre">Characteristics of the genre</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Erotic_thriller&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Characteristics of the genre">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Femme_fatale">Femme fatale</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Erotic_thriller&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Femme fatale">edit</a>]</div> The character type of the <a href="/wiki/Femme_fatale" title="Femme fatale">femme fatale</a>—an alluring, mysterious, and seductive woman—is common to many erotic thriller films. Villainous, even deadly, femme fatales manipulate and entrap the male characters, at times being in complete control of the men.<a href="#cite_note-:1-13">[13]</a> From "<a href="/wiki/Sharon_Stone" title="Sharon Stone">Sharon Stone</a>'s icy <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Tramell" title="Catherine Tramell">Catherine Tramell</a> in <a href="/wiki/Basic_Instinct" title="Basic Instinct">Basic Instinct</a> or <a href="/wiki/Linda_Fiorentino" title="Linda Fiorentino">Linda Fiorentino</a>'s brusque Bridget in <a href="/wiki/The_Last_Seduction" title="The Last Seduction">The Last Seduction</a>…[these archetypes] tend to be cheerfully promiscuous…These women actively reject <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Domesticity" title="Culture of Domesticity">domesticity</a> in all its forms, sniping about 'hating rugrats' and holding intimidatingly high-powered careers as stockbrokers and novelists".<a href="#cite_note-:0-2">[2]</a> The most blatant depiction of the femme fatale is the character of Rebecca Carlson, played by <a href="/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna">Madonna</a> in 1993's <a href="/wiki/Body_of_Evidence_(1993_film)" title="Body of Evidence (1993 film)">Body of Evidence</a>. On trial for the murder of her lover, Rebecca is described by a prosecutor as "no [different] than a gun or a knife or any kind of weapon."<a href="#cite_note-:0-2">[2]</a> In erotic thrillers, power dynamics are subverted as femme fatales "turn men into pliable playthings, and the punchline of almost all of these films revolves around one idea: Men are basically stupid; blinded by sex, and helpless in the face of it".<a href="#cite_note-:5-14">[14]</a> The femme fatale of erotic thrillers took shape against "the backdrop of what German sexologist/sociologist <a href="/wiki/Volkmar_Sigusch" title="Volkmar Sigusch">Volkmar Sigusch</a> deemed the 'neosexual revolution,' 'a tremendous cultural and social transformation of sexuality during the 1980s and 1990s'".<a href="#cite_note-:0-2">[2]</a> <a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">Feminist</a> movements of the 1960s and 1970s resulted in greater socioeconomic opportunities for women of the 1980s; thus, the femme fatales in erotic thrillers "flagrantly embody male anxieties over women's burgeoning financial and professional independence".<a href="#cite_note-:1-13">[13]</a> Although these female characters wielded agency and power, they were usually limited to using their bodies and <a href="/wiki/Human_sexuality" title="Human sexuality">sexuality</a> as weapons.<a href="#cite_note-:0-2">[2]</a> Furthermore, some films saw the male protagonist ultimately triumph over the femme fatale, subduing the threat she represents.<a href="#cite_note-:0-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_fall_guy">The fall guy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Erotic_thriller&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The fall guy">edit</a>]</div> The counterpart to the femme fatale is the "fall guy"—a man who is easily manipulated by the femme fatale.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams2005107–121-16">[16]</a> The fall guy is often sexualized himself,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams2005107-17">[17]</a> with some films featuring <a href="/wiki/Nudity" title="Nudity">full-frontal</a> male nudity in addition to female nudity, as in the films <a href="/wiki/American_Gigolo" title="American Gigolo">American Gigolo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Color_of_Night" title="Color of Night">Color of Night</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wild_Things_(film)" title="Wild Things (film)">Wild Things</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-2">[2]</a> The fall guy, usually working in a <a href="/wiki/White-collar_worker" title="White-collar worker">white-collar</a> occupation, sees the femme fatale as "a portal or chaperone…to go from a world of normality into the world of noir or the erotic thriller".<a href="#cite_note-:0-2">[2]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Erotic_thriller&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Origins">edit</a>]</div> The erotic thriller has been interpreted as a direct descendant of 1940s and 1950s <a href="/wiki/Film_noir" title="Film noir">film noir</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPalmer1994p._168:_"Perhaps_the_most_popular_genre_in_the_1990s,_the_so-called_erotic_thriller_[...]_is_a_direct_descendant_of_the_classic_film_noir"-18">[18]</a> a thriller genre exemplified by stylish crime films and mysteries that explores the dark underworld of post-World War II America. 1981's <a href="/wiki/Body_Heat" title="Body Heat">Body Heat</a>, one of the first films of the erotic thriller's classic period,<a href="#cite_note-:0-2">[2]</a> was itself inspired by the film noir <a href="/wiki/Double_Indemnity" title="Double Indemnity">Double Indemnity</a> (1944).<a href="#cite_note-:6-19">[19]</a> "Body Heat star <a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Turner" title="Kathleen Turner">Kathleen Turner</a> argued it was precisely because [cast and crew] were working in an <a href="/wiki/Classical_Hollywood_cinema" title="Classical Hollywood cinema">old-Hollywood</a> framework that they were able to get away with the sexual explicitness that would set the tone for the ensuing decade: 'Film noir has a formality and shape to it. Its very familiar form allowed people to accept more readily the daring content that we were presenting.'"<a href="#cite_note-:0-2">[2]</a><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Erotic_Thriller_Venn_Diagram.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Erotic_Thriller_Venn_Diagram.png/220px-Erotic_Thriller_Venn_Diagram.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Erotic_Thriller_Venn_Diagram.png/330px-Erotic_Thriller_Venn_Diagram.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Erotic_Thriller_Venn_Diagram.png/440px-Erotic_Thriller_Venn_Diagram.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>The erotic thriller as a hybrid of thriller narrative, romance story, and softcore sex film.</figcaption></figure> However, looking at erotic thrillers solely through the lens of film noir can be misleading.<a href="#cite_note-:14-7">[7]</a> The erotic thriller also has its roots in the <a href="/wiki/Mystery_film" title="Mystery film">mystery</a> genre, the horror genre, <a href="/wiki/European_art_cinema" title="European art cinema">European art cinema</a> and pornography.<a href="#cite_note-:14-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeesey200146-20">[20]</a> <a href="/wiki/Brian_De_Palma" title="Brian De Palma">Brian De Palma</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Dressed_to_Kill_(1980_film)" title="Dressed to Kill (1980 film)">Dressed to Kill</a> (1980), another early 1980s erotic film, contains several direct references to <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Alfred Hitchcock</a>'s psychological horror film <a href="/wiki/Psycho_(1960_film)" title="Psycho (1960 film)">Psycho</a> (1960). Though the <a href="/wiki/Motion_Picture_Association_film_rating_system" title="Motion Picture Association film rating system">R-ratings</a>, theatrical releases, and notable actors differentiate erotic thrillers from pornography, both erotic thrillers and pornography "feature sex scenes occurring at regular intervals, and in low-budget erotic thrillers, the plot, as in porn, may be mainly a pretext for the sex".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeesey200146-20">[20]</a> It is this proximity to pornography that is one of the reason's for the erotic thriller's "popular success–and probably one reason for its critical neglect as a genre".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeesey200146-20">[20]</a> Other forebears of the erotic thriller include the romance novel, the soap opera, and works of <a href="/wiki/Gothic_fantasy" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic fantasy">gothic fantasy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin200718-21">[21]</a> Softcore sex films are often romances of some kind, and the genre has a long tradition, particularly in Europe. Directors such as <a href="/wiki/Radley_Metzger" title="Radley Metzger">Radley Metzger</a> (<a href="/wiki/Therese_and_Isabelle" title="Therese and Isabelle">Therese and Isabelle</a> 1968), <a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Sarno" title="Joseph W. Sarno">Joseph Sarno</a> (<a href="/wiki/Inga_(film)" title="Inga (film)">Inga</a> 1968), and <a href="/wiki/Just_Jaeckin" title="Just Jaeckin">Just Jaeckin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Emmanuelle_(1974_film)" title="Emmanuelle (1974 film)">Emmanuelle</a> 1974) were influential pioneers of the softcore-romance film. Their "middlebrow <a href="/wiki/Sexploitation_film" title="Sexploitation film">sexploitation</a>" films put stories of female desire at the center, and helped pave the way for softcore's reemergence in the 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrews200615-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1980s–1990s:_Classic_period">1980s–1990s: Classic period</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Erotic_thriller&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1980s–1990s: Classic period">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/William_Friedkin" title="William Friedkin">William Friedkin</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Cruising_(film)" title="Cruising (film)">Cruising</a> and the aforementioned Dressed to Kill and Body Heat arguably ushered in the Golden Age of the erotic thriller at the beginning of the 1980s.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams200580-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-2">[2]</a> The next few years saw a flood of titles, including <a href="/wiki/Body_Double" title="Body Double">Body Double</a> (1984), <a href="/wiki/Jagged_Edge_(film)" title="Jagged Edge (film)">Jagged Edge</a> (1985), and <a href="/wiki/9%C2%BD_Weeks" title="9½ Weeks">9½ Weeks</a> (1986). <a href="/wiki/Fatal_Attraction" title="Fatal Attraction">Fatal Attraction</a> in 1987 was seen as the first visible success in the genre, as it was a critical<a href="#cite_note-:3-24">[24]</a> and commercial success. The film was a mixture of psychological thriller action with brief scenes of softcore sex and illicit romance.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrews2006136-3">[3]</a> Spending eight weeks in the No. 1 spot at the box office, Fatal Attraction grossed more than $320 million worldwide, making it the biggest film of that year.<a href="#cite_note-:3-24">[24]</a> Hoping to repeat the film's success, Hollywood studios released a spate of erotic thriller films<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> over the next several years, including <a href="/wiki/The_Hot_Spot" title="The Hot Spot">The Hot Spot</a> (1990), <a href="/wiki/Presumed_Innocent_(film)" title="Presumed Innocent (film)">Presumed Innocent</a> (1990), <a href="/wiki/Shattered_(1991_film)" title="Shattered (1991 film)">Shattered</a> (1991), <a href="/wiki/Sleeping_with_the_Enemy" title="Sleeping with the Enemy">Sleeping with the Enemy</a> (1991), <a href="/wiki/A_Kiss_Before_Dying_(1991_film)" title="A Kiss Before Dying (1991 film)">A Kiss Before Dying</a> (1991), <a href="/wiki/Consenting_Adults_(1992_film)" title="Consenting Adults (1992 film)">Consenting Adults</a> (1992), <a href="/wiki/Single_White_Female" title="Single White Female">Single White Female</a> (1992), <a href="/wiki/Love_Crimes_(1992_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Love Crimes (1992 film)">Love Crimes</a> (1992), <a href="/wiki/Unlawful_Entry_(film)" title="Unlawful Entry (film)">Unlawful Entry</a> (1992), <a href="/wiki/Poison_Ivy_(1992_film)" title="Poison Ivy (1992 film)">Poison Ivy</a> (1992), <a href="/wiki/Final_Analysis" title="Final Analysis">Final Analysis</a> (1992), <a href="/wiki/Malice_(1993_film)" title="Malice (1993 film)">Malice</a> (1993), <a href="/wiki/The_Crush_(1993_film)" title="The Crush (1993 film)">The Crush</a> (1993), <a href="/wiki/Indecent_Proposal" title="Indecent Proposal">Indecent Proposal</a> (1993), <a href="/wiki/The_Last_Seduction" title="The Last Seduction">The Last Seduction</a> (1994), and <a href="/wiki/Color_of_Night" title="Color of Night">Color of Night</a> (1994). <a href="/wiki/Basic_Instinct" title="Basic Instinct">Basic Instinct</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Verhoeven" title="Paul Verhoeven">Paul Verhoeven</a> and written by <a href="/wiki/Joe_Eszterhas" title="Joe Eszterhas">Joe Eszterhas</a>, was released to great success and controversy in 1992. Featuring overt sexuality and violence, including a plot depicting a <a href="/wiki/Bisexuality" title="Bisexuality">bisexual</a> woman as a murderous <a href="/wiki/Psychopathy" title="Psychopathy">psychopath</a>, the film is seen as the apotheosis of the genre.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams2005163-26">[26]</a> Though it received mixed reviews, it was a significant box office smash as it grossed $352 million worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> Upon this success , <a href="/wiki/Sliver_(film)" title="Sliver (film)">Sliver</a> was released the following year with the same screenwriter, Eszterhas, and star, <a href="/wiki/Sharon_Stone" title="Sharon Stone">Sharon Stone</a>. Though Sliver fared worse with critics,<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> it also topped the box office and grossed $116 million.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> <a href="/wiki/Disclosure_(1994_film)" title="Disclosure (1994 film)">Disclosure</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Barry_Levinson" title="Barry Levinson">Barry Levinson</a>, was met with considerable success in 1994. The film—which concerns a computer specialist (played by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Douglas" title="Michael Douglas">Michael Douglas</a>, his then third film of the genre) who is <a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment" title="Sexual harassment">sexually harassed</a> by his female superior and former lover (played by <a href="/wiki/Demi_Moore" title="Demi Moore">Demi Moore</a>)—grossed $214 million against its $50 million budget.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="DTV_(direct-to-video)_market">DTV (direct-to-video) market</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Erotic_thriller&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: DTV (direct-to-video) market">edit</a>]</div> This classic period took place amidst the boon of the <a href="/wiki/Video_rental_shop" title="Video rental shop">video rental</a> market<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams20057-31">[31]</a> and the worldwide cable TV market.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrews200677-32">[32]</a> Over the course of the 1980s, these two new markets, together called <a href="/wiki/Direct-to-video" title="Direct-to-video">direct-to-video</a>, or DTV, would become a lucrative, non-theatrical alternative for producers of low-budget, R-rated films.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrews200683-33">[33]</a> The DTV market would often have a symbiotic relationship with the big studio films.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> Video rental chains like <a href="/wiki/Blockbuster_LLC" class="mw-redirect" title="Blockbuster LLC">Blockbuster</a> were instrumental in the popularity of the genre.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams200562-35">[35]</a> Since Blockbuster did not stock <a href="/wiki/Unrated_films" class="mw-redirect" title="Unrated films">unrated films</a> as part of its <a href="/wiki/Family-friendly" title="Family-friendly">family-friendly</a> image,<a href="#cite_note-:4-36">[36]</a> DTV titles were able to meet demand for content that was geared towards adults but did not stray into outright pornography.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams200565-37">[37]</a> Gerry Weber, former chief operating officer for Blockbuster, said "[DTV] erotic thrillers rated at the top" out of all the genres for rentals.<a href="#cite_note-:4-36">[36]</a> Throughout the 1980s, cable television was similarly expanding and diversifying its appeal to adult audiences. In 1980 <a href="/wiki/Cinemax" title="Cinemax">Cinemax</a> (owned by <a href="/wiki/HBO" title="HBO">HBO</a>) launched with a 24-hour schedule.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrews200682-38">[38]</a> Soon after, <a href="/wiki/Showtime_(TV_network)" title="Showtime (TV network)">Showtime</a> followed suit with <a href="/wiki/The_Movie_Channel" title="The Movie Channel">The Movie Channel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrews200682-38">[38]</a> Fearing the negative publicity associated with traditional sexploitation<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrews200684-39">[39]</a> these late-night, premium cable channels actively sought and developed adult programming that could be, in the words of one HBO programmer, "spicy but not obscene".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMair1988109-40">[40]</a> With smaller budgets than studio films and less high-profile stars, the DTV market became hugely profitable.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams20056-41">[41]</a> Between 1985 and 2005, over 700 DTV erotic thrillers were produced. In sheer size alone, the DTV erotic thriller surely demands consideration as one of the largest, specifically American film movements of the 20th century.<a href="#cite_note-:14-7">[7]</a> These "high and low" markets for the erotic thriller overlapped but did not compete,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams200569-42">[42]</a> and each fed off the other financially and artistically.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams200514-43">[43]</a> The "blockbuster" erotic thrillers boosted sales for small players, who sold films to DTV markets by underscoring the similarities between their films and works by the majors.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams200569-42">[42]</a> A film that served as a prototypical success and catalyst in this new market was <a href="/wiki/Night_Eyes" title="Night Eyes">Night Eyes</a> (1990).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams20052,_264-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin2007137-45">[45]</a> <a href="/wiki/Shannon_Tweed" title="Shannon Tweed">Shannon Tweed</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:4-36">[36]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tanya_Roberts" title="Tanya Roberts">Tanya Roberts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Stevens" title="Andrew Stevens">Andrew Stevens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joan_Severance" title="Joan Severance">Joan Severance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tan%C3%A9_McClure" title="Tané McClure">Tané McClure</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Hewitt_(actor)" title="Martin Hewitt (actor)">Martin Hewitt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jan-Michael_Vincent" title="Jan-Michael Vincent">Jan-Michael Vincent</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Shannon_Whirry" title="Shannon Whirry">Shannon Whirry</a> became notable actors in DTV films.<a href="#cite_note-:14-7">[7]</a> Axis Films International and Prism Entertainment<a href="#cite_note-:4-36">[36]</a> were the most prominent production companies. The former produced over 30 DTV erotic thriller titles, using a rotating stable of filmmakers over a period of ten years.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams2005250-46">[46]</a> These directors included <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Dark" title="Gregory Dark">Gregory Dark</a>,<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> <a href="/wiki/Zalman_King" title="Zalman King">Zalman King</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrews2006110-48">[48]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jag_Mundhra" title="Jag Mundhra">Jag Mundhra</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams2005312-49">[49]</a> Though King is mostly associated with erotic romance films,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams2005390-50">[50]</a> the director had an unmistakable stamp on the genre with his films <a href="/wiki/Two_Moon_Junction" title="Two Moon Junction">Two Moon Junction</a> (1988), <a href="/wiki/Wild_Orchid_(film)" title="Wild Orchid (film)">Wild Orchid</a> (1989), and <a href="/wiki/Red_Shoe_Diaries" title="Red Shoe Diaries">Red Shoe Diaries</a> (1992), which is also the title of his long-running cable television series consisting of erotic featurettes with female protagonists.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrews2006110-48">[48]</a> In 1994 the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a> reported that erotic thrillers—a term which, <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Maltin" title="Leonard Maltin">Leonard Maltin</a> said, "didn't even exist 15 years ago"—and <a href="/wiki/Action_films" class="mw-redirect" title="Action films">action films</a> were the two most successful direct-to-video genres.<a href="#cite_note-alvarez19941230-51">[51]</a> In 1993, the genre was spoofed in the comedy <a href="/wiki/Fatal_Instinct" title="Fatal Instinct">Fatal Instinct</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultural_factors">Cultural factors</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Erotic_thriller&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Cultural factors">edit</a>]</div> The popularity of the erotic thriller during the 1980s and early 1990s has been said to reflect the cultural fear of <a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS" title="HIV/AIDS">AIDS</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeesey200146-20">[20]</a> as the rise of the genre overlapped with the early years of the <a href="/wiki/Epidemiology_of_HIV/AIDS" title="Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS">epidemic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-2">[2]</a> Though few films actually addressed AIDS directly, "only in the late '80s and '90s—after the <a href="/wiki/Feminist_sex_wars" title="Feminist sex wars">sex wars</a>, against the backdrop of AIDS, and in the midst of increasingly fraught public discussions of gender politics—could pleasure and pain intertwine so enthrallingly on film".<a href="#cite_note-:0-2">[2]</a> In contrast to the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Porn" title="Golden Age of Porn">pornographic films of the 1970s</a>, which embodied the ethos of "pleasure without regret," "the erotic thriller offered pleasure with a cost…the loss of human life".<a href="#cite_note-:0-2">[2]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-classic_period">Post-classic period</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Erotic_thriller&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Post-classic period">edit</a>]</div> 1995 is seen as the hypothetical endpoint for the classic period of erotic thrillers, as that year saw the major <a href="/wiki/Box-office_bomb" title="Box-office bomb">box office flops</a> of two anticipated big-budget features, <a href="/wiki/Showgirls" title="Showgirls">Showgirls</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jade_(1995_film)" title="Jade (1995 film)">Jade</a>, both written by Eszterhas.<a href="#cite_note-:0-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-:6-19">[19]</a> Though Showgirls does not readily qualify as an erotic thriller, it was a heavily hyped re-teaming of Eszterhas with Basic Instinct director Verhoeven, whose reputations as pioneers in the genre preceded the film.<a href="#cite_note-:0-2">[2]</a> Jade, directed by <a href="/wiki/William_Friedkin" title="William Friedkin">William Friedkin</a> and starring <a href="/wiki/Linda_Fiorentino" title="Linda Fiorentino">Linda Fiorentino</a> in the femme fatale role, earned only $9,851,610 at the North American domestic box office.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> These films' critical and financial disasters led to the dismissal of erotic thrillers—and similar films with risqué content—as a studio risk.<a href="#cite_note-:0-2">[2]</a> Though Basic Instinct is seen as the pinnacle of the erotic thriller craze,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaragiannidou20068-53">[53]</a> some argue it also signaled the genre's demise.<a href="#cite_note-:0-2">[2]</a> Writer Nicholas Barber opined the film "took every aspect of the erotic thriller to such outrageous extremes that there was nowhere left for any film in the same vein to go".<a href="#cite_note-:7-54">[54]</a> Some films of the mid-to-late 1990s were lauded for elevating the genre, despite not matching Basic Instinct's commercial success. Canadian filmmaker <a href="/wiki/Atom_Egoyan" title="Atom Egoyan">Atom Egoyan</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Adjuster" title="The Adjuster">The Adjuster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Exotica_(film)" title="Exotica (film)">Exotica</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chloe_(2009_film)" title="Chloe (2009 film)">Chloe</a> all trade on the audience's perception of what an erotic thriller should be with their complexity and depth in plot.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> <a href="/wiki/David_Cronenberg" title="David Cronenberg">David Cronenberg</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Dead_Ringers_(film)" title="Dead Ringers (film)">Dead Ringers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crash_(1996_film)" title="Crash (1996 film)">Crash</a> propel the genre into the near future, where sex, obsession, and erotic desire are played out in hypermodern settings mediated by potentially destructive technologies.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bound_(1996_film)" title="Bound (1996 film)">Bound</a> (1996), the <a href="/wiki/The_Wachowskis" title="The Wachowskis">Wachowski sisters</a>' directorial debut, was the first major film of the genre to feature a lesbian relationship after Basic Instinct. However, unlike Basic Instinct, which was heavily criticized for its negative depiction of lesbians and bisexuals,<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> Bound was praised for offering a realistic portrayal of a lesbian relationship that did not feel crafted for the <a href="/wiki/Male_gaze" title="Male gaze">male gaze</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:1-13">[13]</a> Other films that were commended for their subversion of common erotic thriller tropes were <a href="/wiki/Gus_Van_Sant" title="Gus Van Sant">Gus Van Sant</a>'s media satire <a href="/wiki/To_Die_For" title="To Die For">To Die For</a> (1995) and <a href="/wiki/David_Lynch" title="David Lynch">David Lynch</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Mulholland_Drive_(film)" title="Mulholland Drive (film)">Mulholland Drive</a> (2001).<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> 1999's <a href="/wiki/Eyes_Wide_Shut" title="Eyes Wide Shut">Eyes Wide Shut</a> was another high-profile film of the late 1990s due to its famed director <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick" title="Stanley Kubrick">Stanley Kubrick</a> and its stars (then couple <a href="/wiki/Nicole_Kidman" title="Nicole Kidman">Nicole Kidman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tom_Cruise" title="Tom Cruise">Tom Cruise</a>). Though it contained elements of the erotic thriller genre, some critics found its self-serious tone and arguably conservative message were a departure from the thrills and entertainment of films of the classic period.<a href="#cite_note-:0-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a>    <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Backlash">Backlash</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Erotic_thriller&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Backlash">edit</a>]</div> The turn of the 21st century saw the erotic thriller genre as all but obsolete.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-:12-62">[62]</a> One of the foremost reasons cited for the death knell of the genre's heyday is the Internet.<a href="#cite_note-:13-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-64">[64]</a> The increased availability of online pornography in the 1990s arguably diminished the significance of the genre.<a href="#cite_note-:8-65">[65]</a> Furthermore, by the late 1990s, the very success of the erotic thriller in the DTV era helped officiate its collapse. A glut of cheaply produced "T&A films" which offered sexual spectacle and copious nudity, but little else, began to saturate the market, watering down lucrative pre-sales deals with foreign distributors<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams2005323-66">[66]</a> and causing budgets for erotic thrillers to shrink to nearly a third or less of what they were in the early 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams200571-67">[67]</a> As budgets shrank, so did actor salaries, image quality, and shooting schedules.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrews2006151-68">[68]</a> <a href="/wiki/Family_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Family film">Family films</a> became more important in the direct-to-video market, as retailers stocked more copies of blockbuster films instead of more titles.<a href="#cite_note-matzer19970416-69">[69]</a> For these reasons many of the pioneers of the erotic thriller film, such as Axis Films International and Prism, left the market in frustration or went out of business entirely.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams2005323-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrews2006152-70">[70]</a> Filmmakers of erotic thrillers have also cited a changing cultural landscape. Paul Verhoeven, the original director of Basic Instinct, reasoned that the box office failure of the sequel <a href="/wiki/Basic_Instinct_2" title="Basic Instinct 2">Basic Instinct 2</a> was due to a more <a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">conservative</a> America in 2006. Verhoeven explained, "'Look at the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_W._Bush" title="Presidency of George W. Bush">people at the top</a> [of the government]. We are living under a government that is constantly hammering out <a href="/wiki/Christian_values" title="Christian values">Christian values</a>. And Christianity and sex have never been good friends'".<a href="#cite_note-:0-2">[2]</a> Of the cultural factors that helped lead to the genre's demise, writer Rich Juzwiak detailed, <blockquote>In some ways, the erotic thriller was no longer needed because it ceased speaking to the fears and interests of the viewing public. Though AIDS still claims far too many lives, the availability of <a href="/wiki/Management_of_HIV/AIDS" title="Management of HIV/AIDS">highly active antiretroviral therapy</a> (HAART) made HIV a manageable condition for many with access to it. HAART became commercially available in 1996, the year after Showgirls and Jade bombed.<a href="#cite_note-:0-2">[2]</a></blockquote>In the decades since the erotic thriller's boom period, the economics of cinema have also changed massively. An effect of Hollywood's shift to big-budget franchises is an aversion to "'the business of making mid-budget character dramas that might or might not include physical bonding.'"<a href="#cite_note-:8-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-:9-71">[71]</a> As Carlee Gomes writes, <blockquote>We’re left with a landscape wherein films that are algorithmically deemed to have a higher chance of success are given more resources and marketing budgets, while riskier projects, projects that might appeal to a smaller number of people rather than the entirety of the four quadrants, are often ignored or underfunded, or go directly to streaming, or become serialized in some way. And sex scenes don't appeal to the four quadrants, do they, if the four quadrants contain children as a key audience demographic lumped in with the rest of the movie-going public.<a href="#cite_note-:15-72">[72]</a></blockquote> Another reason given for the backlash against the genre is the lack of diversity in front of and behind the camera. Though there have been a few exceptions,<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Rob_Hardy" title="Rob Hardy">Rob Hardy</a>-directed <a href="/wiki/Trois" title="Trois">Trois</a> films, as well as <a href="/wiki/Jane_Campion" title="Jane Campion">Jane Campion</a>'s <a href="/wiki/In_the_Cut_(film)" title="In the Cut (film)">In the Cut</a>, erotic thrillers are mostly written and directed by white men.<a href="#cite_note-:0-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> Moreover, the <a href="/wiki/Me_Too_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Me Too movement">#MeToo movement</a> has shifted the dynamic in film productions to where actors and actresses feel less pressure to do nude scenes, and to feel more power to advocate for themselves against potentially exploitative situations.<a href="#cite_note-:6-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-:9-71">[71]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_developments_of_the_genre">Further developments of the genre</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Erotic_thriller&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further developments of the genre">edit</a>]</div> With few mainstream erotic thrillers being made in the United States or the UK today, many films of the genre have been relegated to the <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Europe" title="Cinema of Europe">European</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Asia" title="Cinema of Asia">Asian</a> <a href="/wiki/Art_film" title="Art film">art-house cinema</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:8-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-:10-75">[75]</a> More recent examples center gay sexuality, such as the French film <a href="/wiki/Stranger_by_the_Lake" title="Stranger by the Lake">Stranger by the Lake</a> (2013)<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> and the South Korean film <a href="/wiki/The_Handmaiden" title="The Handmaiden">The Handmaiden</a> (2016).<a href="#cite_note-:11-77">[77]</a> Paul Verhoeven premiered his French-language erotic thriller <a href="/wiki/Benedetta_(film)" title="Benedetta (film)">Benedetta</a> at the <a href="/wiki/2021_Cannes_Film_Festival" title="2021 Cannes Film Festival">2021 Cannes Film Festival</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:8-65">[65]</a> Erotic thrillers are also thriving in three very different markets: women’s television, black independent cinema, and Bollywood.<a href="#cite_note-:14-7">[7]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lifetime_(TV_network)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lifetime (TV network)">Lifetime</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hallmark_Channel" title="Hallmark Channel">Hallmark Movies & Mysteries</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Passionflix" title="Passionflix">Passionflix</a> produce a torrent of sexy thrillers that push female protagonists into shadowy borderlands of dangerous desire, such as Dating to Kill (2019), Psycho Escort (2020), Deadly Seduction (2021), Fatal Memory (2022), etc. In the last years the titles of these films have become as unapologetically lurid as those of many late-stage erotic thrillers, and the films have begun to explore more sexually explicit territory.<a href="#cite_note-:14-7">[7]</a> The 2000s and 2010s saw erotic thriller films with non-white lead actors, such as Asunder (1999), the <a href="/wiki/Rob_Hardy" title="Rob Hardy">Rob Hardy</a>-directed <a href="/wiki/Trois" title="Trois">Trois</a> films (2002–2004), <a href="/wiki/Obsessed_(2009_film)" title="Obsessed (2009 film)">Obsessed</a> (2009), <a href="/wiki/The_Boy_Next_Door_(film)" title="The Boy Next Door (film)">The Boy Next Door</a> (2015), <a href="/wiki/When_the_Bough_Breaks_(2016_film)" title="When the Bough Breaks (2016 film)">When the Bough Breaks</a> (2016), and <a href="/wiki/Fatale_(film)" title="Fatale (film)">Fatale</a> (2020).<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> In the early 2000s a few classic DTV erotic thrillers – such as <a href="/wiki/Body_Chemistry_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Body Chemistry (film)">Body Chemistry</a> (1990), <a href="/wiki/Animal_Instincts_(film)" title="Animal Instincts (film)">Animal Instincts</a> (1992), and <a href="/wiki/Secret_Games" title="Secret Games">Secret Games</a> (1992) — began showing up on YouTube with the government of India's Central Board of Film Certification header; an indication that India's long-standing anti-pornography stance did not extend to R-rated thrillers of the DTV era, and that the fan base for erotic thrillers in India might be large. Continuing through the present day, the Bollywood erotic thrillers include <a href="/wiki/Jism_(2003_film)" title="Jism (2003 film)">Jism</a> (2003), <a href="/wiki/Aitraaz" title="Aitraaz">Aitraaz</a> (2004), <a href="/wiki/Hawas_(2004_film)" title="Hawas (2004 film)">Hawas</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Murder_(2004_film)" title="Murder (2004 film)">Murder</a> trilogy (2004–2013), the <a href="/wiki/Hate_Story" title="Hate Story">Hate Story</a> tetralogy (2012–2018), and <a href="/wiki/Wajah_Tum_Ho" title="Wajah Tum Ho">Wajah Tum Ho</a> (2016).<a href="#cite_note-:14-7">[7]</a> Recent erotic thrillers starring Hollywood actors and actresses include <a href="/wiki/Unforgettable_(2017_film)" title="Unforgettable (2017 film)">Unforgettable</a> (2017), in which <a href="/wiki/Rosario_Dawson" title="Rosario Dawson">Rosario Dawson</a> appeared as a co-lead.<a href="#cite_note-:11-77">[77]</a> Although the <a href="/wiki/Fifty_Shades_(film_series)" title="Fifty Shades (film series)">Fifty Shades</a> film series was anticipated to revive the genre, the films were widely panned as lacking chemistry<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> and sparked criticism for the depiction of <a href="/wiki/BDSM" title="BDSM">BDSM</a> and <a href="/wiki/Consent" title="Consent">consent</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:6-19">[19]</a> The 365 Days trilogy on <a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a> (<a href="/wiki/365_Days_(2020_film)" title="365 Days (2020 film)">365 Days</a>, <a href="/wiki/365_Days:_This_Day" title="365 Days: This Day">365 Days: This Day</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Next_365_Days" title="The Next 365 Days">The Next 365 Days</a>) received a highly negative reception and similar criticisms to the Fifty Shades series for its depiction of sexual violence and treating its central toxic relationship as romantic.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> In an interview with <a href="/wiki/Vulture_(web_site)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vulture (web site)">Vulture</a>, an unnamed former development executive at a major streaming service described the challenge of making erotic thriller films today. The executive said, "There was an active effort [a few years ago] to find projects that would both be modern and a throwback to the erotic thrillers of yore. And there were, quite frankly, very few that fit both bills. That in a post–Me Too environment felt like they were giving a nod to current mores and current moral panics while being of a piece with the goals of an erotic thriller. Which are to both entertain and, to a degree, titillate."<a href="#cite_note-:2-64">[64]</a> As television has flourished as an art form, many have argued the graphic sex scenes that were previously limited to the erotic thriller have migrated to TV shows on premium cable channels and streaming services.<a href="#cite_note-:13-63">[63]</a> Netflix's <a href="/wiki/Bridgerton" title="Bridgerton">Bridgerton</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:8-65">[65]</a> <a href="/wiki/HBO" title="HBO">HBO</a>'s <a href="/wiki/I_May_Destroy_You" title="I May Destroy You">I May Destroy You</a>,<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> <a href="/wiki/Euphoria_(American_TV_series)" title="Euphoria (American TV series)">Euphoria</a><a href="#cite_note-:9-71">[71]</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Idol_(TV_series)" title="The Idol (TV series)">The Idol</a>,<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hulu" title="Hulu">Hulu</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Normal_People_(TV_series)" title="Normal People (TV series)">Normal People</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> have all featured graphic scenes of nudity. The films <a href="/wiki/Fatal_Attraction_(2023_TV_series)" title="Fatal Attraction (2023 TV series)">Fatal Attraction</a> and <a href="/wiki/American_Gigolo_(TV_series)" title="American Gigolo (TV series)">American Gigolo</a> are being rebooted as TV series on <a href="/wiki/Paramount%2B" title="Paramount+">Paramount+</a> and <a href="/wiki/Showtime_(TV_network)" title="Showtime (TV network)">Showtime</a>, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-:2-64">[64]</a> Of the former, Paramount producer Nicole Clemens said the TV reboot will give "a 360-degree view, dimensionalizing the characters of [Alex, Dan, and Beth], really getting underneath their skin and examining the psychology."<a href="#cite_note-:2-64">[64]</a> A handful of recent films have attempted to breathe new life into the genre, including <a href="/wiki/The_Voyeurs" title="The Voyeurs">The Voyeurs</a> (2021), a film in the vein of the voyeuristic erotic thriller, as well as the 2022 films <a href="/wiki/Deep_Water_(2022_film)" title="Deep Water (2022 film)">Deep Water</a> (directed by genre pioneer <a href="/wiki/Adrian_Lyne" title="Adrian Lyne">Adrian Lyne</a>)<a href="#cite_note-:12-62">[62]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Worry_Darling" title="Don't Worry Darling">Don't Worry Darling</a> (directed by <a href="/wiki/Olivia_Wilde" title="Olivia Wilde">Olivia Wilde</a>). As a result, some publications have considered that erotic thrillers have seen a resurgence in popularity in recent years.<a href="#cite_note-:12-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> The Voyeurs was planned to be the first in a series of "sexy date night films" for <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Prime" title="Amazon Prime">Amazon Prime</a> with the intention to revitalize the erotic thriller genre, but despite the film performing well for the streaming service, those plans had reportedly been abandoned.<a href="#cite_note-:2-64">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Erotic_thriller&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_erotic_thriller_films" title="List of erotic thriller films">List of erotic thriller films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgar_auteurism" title="Vulgar auteurism">Vulgar auteurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_thriller" title="Social thriller">Social thriller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinku" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinku">Pinku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slasher_film" title="Slasher film">Slasher film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peak_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Peak TV">Peak TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weinstein_effect" title="Weinstein effect">Weinstein effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo_noir" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo noir">Neo noir</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Erotic_thriller&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin200717-18-1"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartin200717-18_1-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMartin2007">Martin 2007</a>, p. 17-18. </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1">b</a> <a 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Retrieved December 2, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lo+Specchio+Scuro&rft.atitle=The+Puritanical+Eye%3A+Hyper-mediation%2C+Sex+on+Film%2C+and+the+Disavowal+of+Desire&rft.date=2023-11-25&rft.aulast=Gomes&rft.aufirst=Carlee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspecchioscuro.it%2Fthe-puritanical-eye-hyper-mediation-sex-on-film-and-the-disavowal-of-desire%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErotic+thriller" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> Female directors in the genre include <a href="/wiki/Katt_Shea" title="Katt Shea">Katt Shea</a> (<a href="/wiki/Poison_Ivy_(1992_film)" title="Poison Ivy (1992 film)">Poison Ivy</a>), <a href="/wiki/Karen_Arthur" title="Karen Arthur">Karen Arthur</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lady_Beware" title="Lady Beware">Lady Beware</a>), <a href="/wiki/Lizzie_Borden_(director)" title="Lizzie Borden (director)">Lizzie Borden</a> (<a href="/wiki/Love_Crimes_(1992_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Love Crimes (1992 film)">Love Crimes</a>), <a href="/wiki/Sondra_Locke" title="Sondra Locke">Sondra Locke</a> (<a href="/wiki/Impulse_(1990_film)" title="Impulse (1990 film)">Impulse</a>), <a href="/wiki/Donna_Deitch" title="Donna Deitch">Donna Deitch</a> (<a href="/wiki/Criminal_Passion" title="Criminal Passion">Criminal Passion</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Lynch" title="Jennifer Lynch">Jennifer Lynch</a> (<a href="/wiki/Boxing_Helena" title="Boxing Helena">Boxing Helena</a>). </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBender2019" class="citation web cs1">Bender, Abbey (October 2, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theoutline.com/post/8027/bring-back-erotic-thrillers">"Let women make erotic thrillers"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Outline_(website)" title="The Outline (website)">The Outline</a>. 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Retrieved November 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=%27Normal+People%27+Takes+Sex+Seriously&rft.date=2020-04-17&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Stanford&rft.aufirst=Eleanor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F04%2F17%2Farts%2Ftelevision%2Fnormal-people-hulu.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErotic+thriller" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHellerman2022" class="citation web cs1">Hellerman, Jason (April 15, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nofilmschool.com/erotic-thrillers-back">"Erotic Thrillers Are Back, and Hollywood Has No Idea What to Do with Them"</a>. NoFilmSchool.com. Retrieved June 9, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NoFilmSchool.com&rft.atitle=Erotic+Thrillers+Are+Back%2C+and+Hollywood+Has+No+Idea+What+to+Do+with+Them&rft.date=2022-04-15&rft.aulast=Hellerman&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnofilmschool.com%2Ferotic-thrillers-back&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErotic+thriller" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://specchioscuro.it/il-thriller-erotico-contemporaneo/">"The Erotic Thriller in Contemporary Cinema and Streaming"</a>. Lo Specchio Scuro. November 2023. Retrieved December 2, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lo+Specchio+Scuro&rft.atitle=The+Erotic+Thriller+in+Contemporary+Cinema+and+Streaming&rft.date=2023-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspecchioscuro.it%2Fil-thriller-erotico-contemporaneo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErotic+thriller" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Erotic_thriller&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrews2006" class="citation book cs1">Andrews, David (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZN9kAAAAMAAJ">Soft in the Middle: The Contemporary Softcore Feature in Its Contexts</a>. Columbus, Ohio: The Ohio State University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780814210222" title="Special:BookSources/9780814210222"><bdi>9780814210222</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Soft+in+the+Middle%3A+The+Contemporary+Softcore+Feature+in+Its+Contexts&rft.place=Columbus%2C+Ohio&rft.pub=The+Ohio+State+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780814210222&rft.aulast=Andrews&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZN9kAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErotic+thriller" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaragiannidou2006" class="citation thesis cs1">Karagiannidou, Aneta (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ikee.lib.auth.gr/record/65932/files/gri-2006-990.pdf">Getting Away With It: The Erotic Thriller and Its Fantasies</a> (PDF) (PhD thesis). <a href="/wiki/Aristotle_University_of_Thessaloniki" title="Aristotle University of Thessaloniki">Aristotle University of Thessaloniki</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Getting+Away+With+It%3A+The+Erotic+Thriller+and+Its+Fantasies&rft.degree=PhD&rft.inst=Aristotle+University+of+Thessaloniki&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Karagiannidou&rft.aufirst=Aneta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fikee.lib.auth.gr%2Frecord%2F65932%2Ffiles%2Fgri-2006-990.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErotic+thriller" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeesey2001" class="citation magazine cs1">Keesey, Douglas (July 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1093&context=engl_fac">"They Kill for Love: Defining the Erotic Thriller as a Film Genre"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CineAction" title="CineAction">CineAction</a>. Vol. 56. CineAction Collective. pp. 44–53.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CineAction&rft.atitle=They+Kill+for+Love%3A+Defining+the+Erotic+Thriller+as+a+Film+Genre&rft.volume=56&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E44-%3C%2Fspan%3E53&rft.date=2001-07&rft.aulast=Keesey&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcommons.calpoly.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1093%26context%3Dengl_fac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErotic+thriller" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMair1988" class="citation book cs1">Mair, George (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/insidehbobillion00mair">Inside HBO: The Billion Dollar War Between HBO, Hollywood, and the Home Video Revolution</a>. New York, NY: Dodd, Mead, and Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780396084204" title="Special:BookSources/9780396084204"><bdi>9780396084204</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inside+HBO%3A+The+Billion+Dollar+War+Between+HBO%2C+Hollywood%2C+and+the+Home+Video+Revolution&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Dodd%2C+Mead%2C+and+Co.&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=9780396084204&rft.aulast=Mair&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finsidehbobillion00mair&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErotic+thriller" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin2007" class="citation book cs1">Martin, Nina K. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WXELAQAAMAAJ">Sexy Thrills: Undressing the Erotic Thriller</a>. Chicago: University of Illinois Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780252074370" title="Special:BookSources/9780252074370"><bdi>9780252074370</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sexy+Thrills%3A+Undressing+the+Erotic+Thriller&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780252074370&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Nina+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWXELAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErotic+thriller" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKee1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_McKee" title="Robert McKee">McKee, Robert</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/storysubstancest00robe">Story: Substance, Structure, Style, and the Principles of Screenwriting</a>. New York City: Harpercollins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780060391683" title="Special:BookSources/9780060391683"><bdi>9780060391683</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Story%3A+Substance%2C+Structure%2C+Style%2C+and+the+Principles+of+Screenwriting&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Harpercollins&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9780060391683&rft.aulast=McKee&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstorysubstancest00robe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErotic+thriller" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalmer1994" class="citation book cs1">Palmer, R. Barton (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Mp3UxwEACAAJ">Hollywood's Dark Cinema: The American Film Noir</a>. New York: Twayne. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780060391683" title="Special:BookSources/9780060391683"><bdi>9780060391683</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hollywood%27s+Dark+Cinema%3A+The+American+Film+Noir&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Twayne&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9780060391683&rft.aulast=Palmer&rft.aufirst=R.+Barton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMp3UxwEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErotic+thriller" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Linda_Ruth_Williams" title="Linda Ruth Williams">Williams, Linda Ruth</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QOiY931rxDEC&pg=PR3">The Erotic Thriller in Contemporary Cinema</a>. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780253347138" title="Special:BookSources/9780253347138"><bdi>9780253347138</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Erotic+Thriller+in+Contemporary+Cinema&rft.place=Bloomington%2C+Indiana&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780253347138&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Linda+Ruth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQOiY931rxDEC%26pg%3DPR3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErotic+thriller" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_action_cinema" title="Hong Kong action cinema">Hong Kong action</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adventure_film" title="Adventure film">Adventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_film" title="Art film">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biographical_film" title="Biographical film">Biographical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_film_industry" title="Christian film industry">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_film" title="Comedy film">Comedy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_comedy" title="Action comedy">Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_comedy" title="Black comedy">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_all%27italiana" title="Commedia all'italiana">Commedia all'italiana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_sexy_all%27italiana" title="Commedia sexy all'italiana">Sexy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_drama" title="Comedy drama">Dramedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gross_out" title="Gross out">Gross out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_horror" title="Comedy horror">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parody_film" title="Parody film">Parody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mo_lei_tau" title="Mo lei tau">Mo lei tau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thriller_(genre)" title="Thriller (genre)">Thriller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_of_remarriage" title="Comedy of remarriage">Remarriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_comedy" title="Romantic comedy">Romantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_comedy" title="Sex comedy">Sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screwball_comedy" title="Screwball comedy">Screwball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silent_comedy" title="Silent comedy">Silent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slapstick_film" title="Slapstick film">Slapstick</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberpunk" title="Cyberpunk">Cyberpunk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_cyberpunk" title="Japanese cyberpunk">Japanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Documentary_film" title="Documentary film">Documentary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animated_documentary" title="Animated documentary">Animated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_symphony" title="City symphony">City symphony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docudrama" title="Docudrama">Docudrama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mockumentary" title="Mockumentary">Mockumentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mondo_film" title="Mondo film">Mondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-documentary" title="Pseudo-documentary">Pseudo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semidocumentary" title="Semidocumentary">Semi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_documentary" title="Travel documentary">Travel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_essay" title="Video essay">Video essay</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drama_(film_and_television)" title="Drama (film and television)">Drama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calligrafismo" title="Calligrafismo">Calligrafismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_drama" title="Comedy drama">Dramedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_drama" title="Historical drama">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_drama" title="Legal drama">Legal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_in_film" title="Sex in film">Erotic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_sexy_all%27italiana" title="Commedia sexy all'italiana">Commedia sexy all'italiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink_film" title="Pink film">Pink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexploitation_film" title="Sexploitation film">Sexploitation</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thriller</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_film" title="Educational film">Educational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_guidance_film" title="Social guidance film">Social guidance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic_film" title="Epic film">Epic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sword-and-sandal" title="Sword-and-sandal">Sword-and-sandal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_film" title="Experimental film">Experimental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploitation_film" title="Exploitation film">Exploitation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Exploitation_film" title="Template:Exploitation film">see Exploitation film template</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_film" title="Fantasy film">Fantasy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_comedy" title="Fantasy comedy">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_fantasy" title="Contemporary fantasy">Contemporary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastique" title="Fantastique">Fantastique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_fantasy" title="High fantasy">High</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_fantasy" title="Historical fantasy">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_realism" class="mw-redirect" title="Magic realism">Magic realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fantasy" title="Science fantasy">Science</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_noir" title="Film noir">Film noir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-noir" title="Neo-noir">Neo-noir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_noir" title="Pulp noir">Pulp noir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tech_noir" title="Tech noir">Tech noir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_film" title="Gothic film">Gothic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_romance_film" title="Gothic romance film">Romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Gothic" title="Southern Gothic">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic science fiction">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suburban_Gothic" title="Suburban Gothic">Suburban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_Gothic" title="Urban Gothic">Urban</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_film" title="Horror film">Horror</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_horror" title="Art horror">Arthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_body_horror_media" title="List of body horror media">Body</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannibal_film" title="Cannibal film">Cannibal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_horror_film" title="Chinese horror film">Chinese horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_horror" title="Christmas horror">Christmas horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_horror" title="Comedy horror">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_eco-horror_films" title="List of eco-horror films">Eco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastique" title="Fantastique">Fantastique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Found_footage_(film_technique)" title="Found footage (film technique)">Found footage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_underground_horror" title="German underground horror">German underground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ghost_films" title="List of ghost films">Ghost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giallo" title="Giallo">Giallo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_giallo_films" title="List of giallo films">List of films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_holiday_horror_films" title="List of holiday horror films">Holiday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_horror" title="Japanese horror">Japanese horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_horror" title="Korean horror">Korean horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovecraftian_horror" title="Lovecraftian horror">Lovecraftian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melodrama_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Melodrama film">Melodrama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_melodrama" title="Korean melodrama">Korean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_natural_horror_films" title="List of natural horror films">Natural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_in_horror_films" title="Gender in horror films">Psycho-biddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_horror" title="Psychological horror">Psychological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_horror_films" title="List of science fiction horror films">Science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slasher_film" title="Slasher film">Slasher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Splatter_film" title="Splatter film">Splatter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satanic_film" title="Satanic film">Satanic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximalist_film" title="Maximalist film">Maximalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimalist_film" title="Minimalist film">Minimalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumblecore" title="Mumblecore">Mumblecore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_film" title="Musical film">Musical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthouse_musical" title="Arthouse musical">Arthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backstage_musical" title="Backstage musical">Backstage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jukebox_musical" title="Jukebox musical">Jukebox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musicarello" title="Musicarello">Musicarello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operetta_film" title="Operetta film">Operetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sceneggiata" title="Sceneggiata">Sceneggiata</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystery_film" title="Mystery film">Mystery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Detective_fiction" title="Detective fiction">Detective</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Occult_detective_fiction" title="Occult detective fiction">Occult detective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whodunit" title="Whodunit">Whodunit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giallo" title="Giallo">Giallo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossover_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Crossover fiction">Crossover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornographic_film" title="Pornographic film">Pornographic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hardcore_pornography" title="Hardcore pornography">Hardcore pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Softcore_pornography" title="Softcore pornography">Softcore pornography</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Malayalam_softcore_pornography" title="Malayalam softcore pornography">Malayalam</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_film" title="Propaganda film">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reality_film" title="Reality film">Reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romance_film" title="Romance film">Romantic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_comedy" title="Romantic comedy">Comedy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bromantic_comedy" title="Bromantic comedy">Bromantic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_fantasy" title="Romantic fantasy">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_romance_film" title="Gothic romance film">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranormal_romance" title="Paranormal romance">Paranormal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_thriller" title="Romantic thriller">Thriller</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_film" title="Science fiction film">Science fiction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthouse_science_fiction_film" title="Arthouse science fiction film">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_comedy" title="Science fiction comedy">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastique" title="Fantastique">Fantastique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fantasy" title="Science fantasy">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic science fiction">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_horror_films" title="List of science fiction horror films">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_science_fiction" title="Military science fiction">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Wave_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="New Wave science fiction">New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_opera" title="Space opera">Space opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk">Steampunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokusatsu" title="Tokusatsu">Tokusatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Western" title="Space Western">Western</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slice_of_life" title="Slice of life">Slice of life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_cinema" title="Slow cinema">Slow cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survival_film" title="Survival film">Survival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thriller_film" title="Thriller film">Thriller</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_thriller" title="Comedy thriller">Comedy</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Erotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_thriller" title="Financial thriller">Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giallo" title="Giallo">Giallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_thriller" title="Legal thriller">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_thriller" title="Political thriller">Political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_thriller" title="Psychological thriller">Psychological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_thriller" title="Romantic thriller">Romantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techno-thriller" title="Techno-thriller">Techno</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgressive_art" title="Transgressive art">Transgressive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Transgression" title="Cinema of Transgression">Cinema of Transgression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_cinema" title="Extreme cinema">Extreme cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trick_film" title="Trick film">Trick</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By theme</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_animals" title="List of films about animals">Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beach_party_film" title="Beach party film">Beach party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_swap" title="Body swap">Body swap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_film" title="Buddy film">Buddy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_cop" title="Buddy cop">Buddy cop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_buddy_film" title="Female buddy film">Female</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannibal_film" title="Cannibal film">Cannibal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chicano_films" title="List of Chicano films">Chicano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_cinema" title="Colonial cinema">Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coming-of-age_story" title="Coming-of-age story">Coming-of-age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concert_film" title="Concert film">Concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_film" title="Crime film">Crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Detective_fiction" title="Detective fiction">Detective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangster_film" title="Gangster film">Gangster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentleman_thief" title="Gentleman thief">Gentleman thief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gokud%C5%8D" title="Gokudō">Gokudō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gong%27an_fiction" title="Gong'an fiction">Gong'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heist_film" title="Heist film">Heist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroic_bloodshed" title="Heroic bloodshed">Heroic bloodshed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hood_film" title="Hood film">Hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafia_film" title="Mafia film">Mafia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafia_comedy_film" title="Mafia comedy film">Mafia comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_underworld_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Mumbai underworld film">Mumbai underworld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poliziotteschi" title="Poliziotteschi">Poliziotteschi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakuza_film" title="Yakuza film">Yakuza</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_film" title="Dance in film">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disaster_film" title="Disaster film">Disaster</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_apocalyptic_films" title="List of apocalyptic films">Apocalyptic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_drug_films" title="List of drug films">Drug</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_film" title="Psychedelic film">Psychedelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoner_film" title="Stoner film">Stoner</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dystopian_films" title="List of dystopian films">Dystopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecchi" title="Ecchi">Ecchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnographic_film" title="Ethnographic film">Ethnographic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploitation_film" title="Exploitation film">Exploitation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blaxploitation" title="Blaxploitation">Blaxploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexploitation" title="Mexploitation">Mexploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turksploitation" title="Turksploitation">Turksploitation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_extraterrestrials" title="List of films featuring extraterrestrials">Extraterrestrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_food_and_drink" title="List of films about food and drink">Food and drink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendai-geki" title="Gendai-geki">Gendai-geki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ghost_films" title="List of ghost films">Ghost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goona-goona_epic" title="Goona-goona epic">Goona-goona epic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_film" title="Gothic film">Gothic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_romance_film" title="Gothic romance film">Romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic science fiction">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suburban_Gothic" title="Suburban Gothic">Suburban</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girls_with_guns" title="Girls with guns">Girls with guns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harem_(genre)" title="Harem (genre)">Harem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hentai" title="Hentai">Hentai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lolicon" title="Lolicon">Lolicon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shotacon" title="Shotacon">Shotacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tentacle_erotica" title="Tentacle erotica">Tentacle erotica</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heimatfilm" title="Heimatfilm">Homeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isekai" title="Isekai">Isekai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jidaigeki" title="Jidaigeki">Jidaigeki</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samurai_cinema" title="Samurai cinema">Samurai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentleman_thief" title="Gentleman thief">Kaitō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ-related_films" title="List of LGBTQ-related films">LGBTQ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yaoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaoi">Yaoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_(genre)" title="Yuri (genre)">Yuri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luchador_films" title="Luchador films">Luchador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_girl" title="Magical girl">Magical girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_arts_film" title="Martial arts film">Martial arts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bruceploitation" title="Bruceploitation">Bruceploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopsocky" title="Chopsocky">Chopsocky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_fu" title="Gun fu">Gun fu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kung_fu_film" title="Kung fu film">Kung fu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ninja_films" title="List of ninja films">Ninja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxia" title="Wuxia">Wuxia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecha" title="Mecha">Mecha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mecha_anime_and_manga" title="Mecha anime and manga">Anime</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monster_movie" title="Monster movie">Monster</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_giant_monsters" title="List of films featuring giant monsters">Giant monster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiju" title="Kaiju">Kaiju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mummy_films" title="List of mummy films">Mummy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vampire_film" title="Vampire film">Vampire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_zombie_films" title="List of zombie films">Zombie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zombie_comedy" title="Zombie comedy">Zombie comedy</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_film" title="Mountain film">Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_da_Boca_do_Lixo" title="Cinema da Boca do Lixo">Mouth of Garbage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_social" title="Muslim social">Muslim social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature_documentary" title="Nature documentary">Nature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_environmental_films" title="List of environmental films">Environmental issues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_film" title="Opera film">Opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlaw_biker_film" title="Outlaw biker film">Outlaw biker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozploitation" title="Ozploitation">Ozploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partisan_film" title="Partisan film">Partisan film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prison_film" title="Prison film">Prison</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_prison_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Women in prison film">Women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_film" title="Race film">Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_and_revenge_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Rape and revenge film">Rape and revenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_movie" title="Road movie">Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%BCmmerfilm" title="Trümmerfilm">Rubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumberas_film" title="Rumberas film">Rumberas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexploitation_film" title="Sexploitation film">Sexploitation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bavarian_porn" title="Bavarian porn">Bavarian porn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_sexy_all%27italiana" title="Commedia sexy all'italiana">Commedia sexy all'italiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_sex_comedy" title="Mexican sex comedy">Mexican sex comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_exploitation" title="Nazi exploitation">Nazi exploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornochanchada" title="Pornochanchada">Pornochanchada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunsploitation" title="Nunsploitation">Nunsploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_report_film" title="Sex report film">Sex report</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshimin-eiga" title="Shoshimin-eiga">Shoshimin-eiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_slavery" title="List of films featuring slavery">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slice_of_life" title="Slice of life">Slice of life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snuff_film" title="Snuff film">Snuff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Seas_genre" title="South Seas genre">South Seas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_film" title="Sports film">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spy_film" title="Spy film">Spy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurospy_film" title="Eurospy film">Eurospy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superhero_film" title="Superhero film">Superhero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surf_film" title="Surf film">Surfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swashbuckler_film" title="Swashbuckler film">Swashbuckler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword-and-sandal" title="Sword-and-sandal">Sword-and-sandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword_and_sorcery" title="Sword and sorcery">Sword and sorcery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_documentary" title="Travel documentary">Travel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imaginary_voyage" title="Imaginary voyage">imaginary voyage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_film" title="Trial film">Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigilante_film" title="Vigilante film">Vigilante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_film" title="War film">War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anti-war_films" class="mw-redirect" title="List of anti-war films">Anti-war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro_War" title="Euro War">Euro War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_films" title="Submarine films">Submarine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_film" title="Western film">Western</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acid_Western" title="Acid Western">Acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Western" title="Contemporary Western">Contemporary Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacoit_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Dacoit Western">Dacoit Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasy Western">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Western" title="Florida Western">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_Western" title="Horror Western">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Western" title="Australian Western">Meat pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_(genre)" title="Northern (genre)">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostern" title="Ostern">Ostern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revisionist_Western" title="Revisionist Western">Revisionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_Western" title="Science fiction Western">Science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singing_cowboy" title="Singing cowboy">Singing cowboy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Western" title="Space Western">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_Western" title="Spaghetti Western">Spaghetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weird_West" title="Weird West">Weird Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapata_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Zapata Western">Zapata Western</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By movement or period</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Absolute film">Absolute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_eccentric_cinema" title="American eccentric cinema">American eccentric cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Objectivity_(filmmaking)" title="New Objectivity (filmmaking)">New Objectivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_New_Wave" title="Australian New Wave">Australian New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auteur" title="Auteur">Auteur films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_School_(filmmaking)" title="Berlin School (filmmaking)">Berlin School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourekas_film" title="Bourekas film">Bourekas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_School_(filmmaking)" title="Brighton School (filmmaking)">Brighton School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_New_Wave" title="British New Wave">British New Wave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_sink_realism" title="Kitchen sink realism">Kitchen sink realism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_school" title="Budapest school">Budapest school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calligrafismo" title="Calligrafismo">Calligrafismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannibal_film" title="Cannibal film">Cannibal boom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_du_look" title="Cinéma du look">Cinéma du look</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_Novo" title="Cinema Novo">Cinema Novo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Transgression" title="Cinema of Transgression">Cinema of Transgression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_pur" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinéma pur">Cinéma pur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_all%27italiana" title="Commedia all'italiana">Commedia all'italiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_New_Wave" title="Czechoslovak New Wave">Czechoslovak New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Documentary_Film_Movement" title="Documentary Film Movement">Documentary Film Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogme_95" title="Dogme 95">Dogme 95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erra_Cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Erra Cinema">Erra Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_art_cinema" title="European art cinema">European art cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_d%27art" title="Film d'art">Film d'art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_gris" title="Film gris">Film gris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Cinema" title="Free Cinema">Free Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_New_Wave" title="French New Wave">French New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_expressionist_cinema" title="German expressionist cinema">German Expressionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_underground_horror" title="German underground horror">German underground horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Nigerian_Cinema" title="Golden Age of Nigerian Cinema">Nigerian Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grupo_Cine_Liberaci%C3%B3n" title="Grupo Cine Liberación">Grupo Cine Liberación</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heimatfilm" title="Heimatfilm">Heimatfilm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollywood_on_the_Tiber" title="Hollywood on the Tiber">Hollywood on the Tiber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_New_Wave" title="Hong Kong New Wave">Hong Kong New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiewood" title="Indiewood">Indiewood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_New_Wave" title="Iranian New Wave">Iranian New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_futurism_in_cinema" title="Italian futurism in cinema">Italian futurist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_neorealism" title="Italian neorealism">Italian neorealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_New_Wave" title="Japanese New Wave">Japanese New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kammerspielfilm" title="Kammerspielfilm">Kammerspielfilm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L.A._Rebellion" title="L.A. Rebellion">L.A. Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lettrism" title="Lettrism">Lettrist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernist_film" title="Modernist film">Modernist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumblecore" title="Mumblecore">Mumblecore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neorealism_(art)" title="Neorealism (art)">Neorealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_German_Cinema" title="New German Cinema">New German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_generation_(Malayalam_film_movement)" title="New generation (Malayalam film movement)">New generation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hollywood" title="New Hollywood">New Hollywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Nigerian_Cinema" title="New Nigerian Cinema">New Nollywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_queer_cinema" title="New queer cinema">New Queer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_Wave_Cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="No Wave Cinema">No wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuevo_Cine_Mexicano" title="Nuevo Cine Mexicano">Nuevo Cine Mexicano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Indian_film" title="Pan-Indian film">Pan-Indian film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_cinema" title="Parallel cinema">Parallel cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filmfarsi" title="Filmfarsi">Persian Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poetic_realism" title="Poetic realism">Poetic realist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Film_School" title="Polish Film School">Polish Film School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poliziotteschi" title="Poliziotteschi">Poliziotteschi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Prague_film_school" title="The Prague film school">The Prague film school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussian_film" title="Prussian film">Prussian film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pure_Film_Movement" title="Pure Film Movement">Pure Film Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remodernist_film" title="Remodernist film">Remodernist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_New_Wave" title="Romanian New Wave">Romanian New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_cinema" title="Slow cinema">Slow cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_Western" title="Spaghetti Western">Spaghetti Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_realism" title="Socialist realism">Socialist realist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_realism" title="Social realism">Social realist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_sink_realism" title="Kitchen sink realism">Kitchen sink realism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_parallel_cinema" title="Soviet parallel cinema">Soviet parallel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_film" title="Structural film">Structural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrealist_cinema" title="Surrealist cinema">Surrealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword-and-sandal" title="Sword-and-sandal">Sword-and-sandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telefoni_Bianchi" title="Telefoni Bianchi">Telefoni Bianchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Cinema" title="Third Cinema">Third Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_New_Wave" title="Toronto New Wave">Toronto New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgar_auteurism" title="Vulgar auteurism">Vulgar auteurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Black_Wave" title="Yugoslav Black Wave">Yugoslav Black Wave</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By demographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pornographic_film" title="Pornographic film">Adult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_film" title="Black film">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_film" title="Children's film">Children and family</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_anime_and_manga" title="Children's anime and manga">Anime</a></li></ul></li> <li>Men <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seinen_manga" title="Seinen manga">Seinen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stag_film" title="Stag film">Stag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teen_film" title="Teen film">Teen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dnen_manga" title="Shōnen manga">Shōnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Djo_manga" title="Shōjo manga">Shōjo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman%27s_film" title="Woman's film">Women</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chick_flick" title="Chick flick">Chick flick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josei_manga" title="Josei manga">Josei</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By format, technique, approach, or production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3D_film" title="3D film">3D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actuality_film" title="Actuality film">Actuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animation" title="Animation">Animation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">Anime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthouse_animation" title="Arthouse animation">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animated_cartoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Animated cartoon">Cartoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_animation" title="Computer animation">Computer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_motion" title="Stop motion">Stop-motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_animation" title="Traditional animation">Traditional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthology_film" title="Anthology film">Anthology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_film" title="Art film">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B_movie" title="B movie">B movie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behind-the-scenes" title="Behind-the-scenes">Behind-the-scenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-and-white" title="Black-and-white">Black-and-white</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockbuster_(entertainment)" title="Blockbuster (entertainment)">Blockbuster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_v%C3%A9rit%C3%A9" title="Cinéma vérité">Cinéma vérité</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Hollywood_cinema" title="Classical Hollywood cinema">Classical Hollywood cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collage_film" title="Collage film">Collage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_motion_picture_film" title="Color motion picture film">Color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compilation_film" title="Compilation film">Compilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Composite_film" title="Composite film">Composite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screenlife" title="Screenlife">Computer screen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cult_film" title="Cult film">Cult</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Midnight_movie" title="Midnight movie">midnight movie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Database_cinema" title="Database cinema">Database cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docufiction" title="Docufiction">Docufiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnofiction" title="Ethnofiction">Ethnofiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_film" title="Experimental film">Experimental</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstract_animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Abstract animation">Abstract</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feature_film" title="Feature film">Feature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Featurette" title="Featurette">Featurette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_%C3%A0_clef" title="Film à clef">Film à clef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film-poem" title="Film-poem">Film-poem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Found_footage_(film_technique)" title="Found footage (film technique)">Found footage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperlink_cinema" title="Hyperlink cinema">Hyperlink cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_film" title="Independent film">Independent</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_filmmaking" title="Guerrilla filmmaking">Guerrilla filmmaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_independent_films" title="List of American independent films">List of American independent films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstitial_art" title="Interstitial art">Interstitial art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_action" title="Live action">Live action</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_with_live_action_and_animation" title="List of films with live action and animation">animation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-budget_film" title="Low-budget film">Low-budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_film_studios" title="Major film studios">Major film studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masala_film" title="Masala film">Masala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximalist_film" title="Maximalist film">Maximalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Message_picture" title="Message picture">Message picture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metacinema" title="Metacinema">Meta-film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimalist_film" title="Minimalist film">Minimalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mockbuster" title="Mockbuster">Mockbuster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernist_film" title="Modernist film">Modernist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_short" title="Musical short">Musical short</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythopoeia" title="Mythopoeia">Mythopoeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neorealism_(art)" title="Neorealism (art)">Neorealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No-budget_film" title="No-budget film">No-budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-shot_film" title="One-shot film">One-shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paracinema" title="Paracinema">Paracinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_cinema" title="Participatory cinema">Participatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poetry_film" title="Poetry film">Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodernist_film" title="Postmodernist film">Postmodernist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_motion" title="Reverse motion">Reverse motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satire_(film_and_television)" title="Satire (film and television)">Satire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sceneggiata" title="Sceneggiata">Sceneggiata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semidocumentary" title="Semidocumentary">Semidocumentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serial_film" title="Serial film">Serial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinpa" title="Shinpa">Shinpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_film" title="Short film">Short</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silent_film" title="Silent film">Silent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_cinema" title="Slow cinema">Slow cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_realism" title="Socialist realism">Socialist realist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_film" title="Sound film">Sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_film" title="Underground film">Underground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_nasty" title="Video nasty">Video nasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgar_auteurism" title="Vulgar auteurism">Vulgar auteurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z_movie" title="Z movie">Z movie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Films_by_genre" title="Template:Films by genre"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Films_by_genre" title="Template talk:Films by genre"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Films_by_genre" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Films by genre"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lists_of_films_by_genre_and_themes53" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Lists of <a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">films</a> by <a href="/wiki/Film_genre" title="Film genre">genre</a> and themes</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_action_films" title="Lists of action films">Action</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_martial_arts_films" title="List of martial arts films">Martial arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mixed_martial_arts_films" title="List of mixed martial arts films">Mixed martial arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ninja_films" title="List of ninja films">Ninja</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_adventure_films" title="Lists of adventure films">Adventure</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pirate_films" class="mw-redirect" title="List of pirate films">Pirate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swashbuckler_film#Notable_films" title="Swashbuckler film">Swashbuckler</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_animated_feature_films" class="mw-redirect" title="Lists of animated feature films">Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_avant-garde_films" title="Lists of avant-garde films">Avant-garde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_biographical_films" title="List of biographical films">Biographical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_blaxploitation_films" title="List of blaxploitation films">Blaxploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_children%27s_films" title="List of children's films">Children's</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_children%27s_animated_films" title="List of children's animated films">Animation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_films" title="List of Christian films">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_comedy_films" title="Lists of comedy films">Comedy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Parody_films" class="mw-redirect" title="Lists of Parody films">Parody</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_crime_films" title="Lists of crime films">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_disaster_films" title="List of disaster films">Disaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_documentary_films" title="List of documentary films">Documentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_drama_films" title="List of drama films">Drama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_drama_films_and_series_set_in_Near_Eastern_and_Western_civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="List of historical drama films and series set in Near Eastern and Western civilization">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_slavery" title="List of films featuring slavery">Slavery</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_erotic_films" title="Lists of erotic films">Erotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_fantasy_films" title="Lists of fantasy films">Fantasy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sword_and_sorcery_films" title="List of sword and sorcery films">Sword and sorcery</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_horror_films" title="Lists of horror films">Horror</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_comedy_horror_films" title="List of comedy horror films">Comedy horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_disaster_films" title="List of disaster films">Disaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_eco-horror_films" title="List of eco-horror films">Eco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ghost_films" title="List of ghost films">Ghosts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mummy_films" title="List of mummy films">Mummy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_natural_horror_films" title="List of natural horror films">Natural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vampire_films" title="List of vampire films">Vampire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_zombie_films" title="List of zombie films">Zombie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_LGBTQ-related_films" title="Lists of LGBTQ-related films">LGBTQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_melodrama_films" title="List of melodrama films">Melodrama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mockumentaries" title="List of mockumentaries">Mockumentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monster_movies" title="List of monster movies">Monster</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_giant_monsters" title="List of films featuring giant monsters">Giant-monster</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_musical_films_by_year" title="List of musical films by year">Musical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_musicals_filmed_live_on_stage" title="List of musicals filmed live on stage">Live musical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mystery_films" title="List of mystery films">Mystery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_film_noir_titles" title="List of film noir titles">Noir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_neo-noir_films" title="List of neo-noir films">Neo-noir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prison_films" title="List of prison films">Prison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_films" title="List of religious films">Religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_romance_films" title="List of romance films">Romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_romantic_comedy_films" title="List of romantic comedy films">Romantic comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_satirical_films" title="List of satirical films">Satire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_science_fiction_films" title="Lists of science fiction films">Science fiction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_apocalyptic_films" title="List of apocalyptic films">Apocalyptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_swap_appearances_in_media#Films" title="Body swap appearances in media">Body swap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dystopian_films" title="List of dystopian films">Dystopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_extraterrestrials" title="List of films featuring extraterrestrials">Extraterrestrials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_action_films" title="List of science fiction action films">Sci-fi action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_comedy_films" title="List of science fiction comedy films">Sci-fi comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_horror_films" title="List of science fiction horror films">Sci-fi horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_superhero_films" title="List of American superhero films">Superhero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_time_travel_works_of_fiction#Time_travel_in_films" title="List of time travel works of fiction">Time travel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spy_film#Films" title="Spy film">Spy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sports_films" title="List of sports films">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_teen_films" title="List of teen films">Teen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_thriller_films" title="Lists of thriller films">Thriller</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_erotic_thriller_films" title="List of erotic thriller films">Erotic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a 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