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class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sisukord</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">vii külgpaanile</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">peida</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Algus</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Ajalugu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ajalugu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Ajalugu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ajalugu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Omadused" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Omadused"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Omadused</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Omadused-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Lülita ümber alaosa "Omadused"</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Omadused-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Füüsikalised_omadused" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Füüsikalised_omadused"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Füüsikalised omadused</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Füüsikalised_omadused-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Andmed" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Andmed"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Andmed</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Andmed-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Keemilised_omadused" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Keemilised_omadused"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Keemilised omadused</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Keemilised_omadused-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Isotoobid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isotoobid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Isotoobid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Isotoobid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihtaine_saamine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihtaine_saamine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Lihtaine saamine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihtaine_saamine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ühendid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ühendid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ühendid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ühendid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kasutusalad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kasutusalad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Kasutusalad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kasutusalad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biotoime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biotoime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Biotoime</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biotoime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vaata_ka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vaata_ka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Vaata ka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vaata_ka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Viited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Viited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Viited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Viited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kirjandus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kirjandus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Kirjandus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kirjandus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Välislingid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Välislingid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Välislingid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Välislingid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sisukord" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Lülita sisukord ümber" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Lülita sisukord ümber</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Räni</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mine teises keeles artiklisse. Saadaval 167 keeles" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-167" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">167 keelt</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silikon" title="Silikon – afrikaani" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Silikon" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicium" title="Silicium – šveitsisaksa" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Silicium" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="šveitsisaksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B2%E1%88%8D%E1%8A%A8%E1%8A%95" title="ሲልከን – amhara" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሲልከን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amhara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8" title="सिलिकन – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="सिलिकन" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="eeskujulik artikkel"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86" title="سيليكون – araabia" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سيليكون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="araabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicio" title="Silicio – aragoni" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Silicio" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%AB%D5%B2%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%AB%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Սիղիկիոն – läänearmeenia" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Սիղիկիոն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="läänearmeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siliciu" title="Siliciu – aromuuni" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Siliciu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromuuni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siliciu" title="Siliciu – astuuria" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Siliciu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astuuria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8" title="सिलिकन – avadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="सिलिकन" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="avadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuarepotiat%C3%A3" title="Kuarepotiatã – guaranii" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Kuarepotiatã" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaranii" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silisium" title="Silisium – aserbaidžaani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Silisium" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbaidžaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%86" title="سیلیکون – lõunaaserbaidžaani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سیلیکون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="lõunaaserbaidžaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silikon" title="Silikon – indoneesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Silikon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silikon" title="Silikon – malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Silikon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silikon" title="Silikon – bali" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Silikon" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="bali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A8" title="সিলিকন – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সিলিকন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ke-s%C3%B2%CD%98" title="Ke-sò͘ – lõunamini" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ke-sò͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="lõunamini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Кремний – baškiiri" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Кремний" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškiiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Крэмній – valgevene" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Крэмній" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="valgevene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%BD" title="Крэмн – valgevene (taraškievitsa)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Крэмн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="valgevene (taraškievitsa)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8" title="सिलिकॉन – bihaari" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="सिलिकॉन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="bihaari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silikon" title="Silikon – keskbikoli" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Silikon" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="keskbikoli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%AD%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="སྭི་ལི་ཀོན། – tiibeti" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སྭི་ལི་ཀོན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tiibeti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicij" title="Silicij – bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Silicij" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silikiom" title="Silikiom – bretooni" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Silikiom" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretooni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Силиций – bulgaaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Силиций" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%8E%D1%83%D1%80" title="Сахюур – burjaadi" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Сахюур" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="burjaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silici" title="Silici – katalaani" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Silici" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siliko" title="Siliko – sebu" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Siliko" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="sebu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Кремний – tšuvaši" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кремний" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tšuvaši" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%99em%C3%ADk" title="Křemík – tšehhi" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Křemík" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tšehhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siliciu" title="Siliciu – korsika" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Siliciu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon" title="Silicon – kõmri" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Silicon" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="kõmri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicium" title="Silicium – taani" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Silicium" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="taani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="سيليسيوم – Maroko araabia" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="سيليسيوم" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Maroko araabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicium" title="Silicium – saksa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Silicium" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="saksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%90%DE%A8%DE%8D%DE%A8%DE%86%DE%A6%DE%82%DE%B0" title="ސިލިކަން – maldiivi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ސިލިކަން" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="maldiivi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%85%CF%81%CE%AF%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Πυρίτιο – kreeka" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πυρίτιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="kreeka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="hea artikkel"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon" title="Silicon – inglise" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Silicon" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicio" title="Silicio – hispaania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Silicio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hispaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicio" title="Silicio – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Silicio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silizio" title="Silizio – baski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Silizio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85" title="سیلیسیم – pärsia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سیلیسیم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="pärsia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon" title="Silicon – Fidži hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Silicon" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fidži hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicium" title="Silicium – fääri" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Silicium" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="fääri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicium" title="Silicium – prantsuse" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Silicium" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="prantsuse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silici" title="Silici – friuuli" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Silici" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friuuli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sileacan" title="Sileacan – iiri" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Sileacan" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicoin" title="Silicoin – mänksi" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Silicoin" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mänksi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sileacon" title="Sileacon – gaeli" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Sileacon" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaeli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicio" title="Silicio – galeegi" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Silicio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galeegi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon" title="Silicon – kikuju" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Silicon" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikuju" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B2%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%A8" title="સિલિકોન – gudžarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="સિલિકોન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gudžarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%CC%8Dt" title="Si̍t – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Si̍t" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D3%99%D0%BA%D2%AF%D1%80" title="Цәкүр – kalmõki" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Цәкүр" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmõki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B7%9C%EC%86%8C" title="규소 – korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="규소" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silikone" title="Silikone – havai" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Silikone" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="havai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%AB%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Սիլիցիում – armeenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սիլիցիում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8" title="सिलिकॉन – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सिलिकॉन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicij" title="Silicij – horvaadi" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Silicij" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="horvaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siliko" title="Siliko – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Siliko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicium" title="Silicium – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Silicium" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Кремний – osseedi" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Кремний" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osseedi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISiphemba" title="ISiphemba – suulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="ISiphemba" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="suulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%ADsill" title="Kísill – islandi" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kísill" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicio" title="Silicio – itaalia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Silicio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itaalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%9F" title="צורן – heebrea" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צורן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="heebrea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silikon" title="Silikon – jaava" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Silikon" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="jaava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C9%A9l%C9%A9s%C9%A9y%C9%94m" title="Sɩlɩsɩyɔm – kabije" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Sɩlɩsɩyɔm" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="kabije" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಸಿಲಿಕಾನ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸಿಲಿಕಾನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="სილიციუმი – gruusia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სილიციუმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Кремний – kasahhi" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кремний" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasahhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silikon" title="Silikon – korni" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Silikon" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="korni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Кремний – kirgiisi" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кремний" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Кремний – mäemari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Кремний" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="mäemari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silikoni" title="Silikoni – suahiili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Silikoni" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahiili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Кремний – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Кремний" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silisy%C3%B2m" title="Silisyòm – haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Silisyòm" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicium" title="Silicium – Guajaana kreoolkeel" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Silicium" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guajaana kreoolkeel" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%AEl%C3%AEsy%C3%BBm" title="Sîlîsyûm – kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Sîlîsyûm" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicium" title="Silicium – ladina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Silicium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ladina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sil%C4%ABcijs" title="Silīcijs – läti" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Silīcijs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="läti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silizium" title="Silizium – letseburgi" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Silizium" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="letseburgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicis" title="Silicis – leedu" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Silicis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="leedu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sili%C3%A7io" title="Siliçio – liguuri" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Siliçio" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="liguuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicium" title="Silicium – limburgi" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Silicium" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pii" title="Pii – livviko" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Pii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="livviko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/cancmu" title="cancmu – ložban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="cancmu" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="ložban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicio" title="Silicio – lombardi" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Silicio" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szil%C3%ADcium" title="Szilícium – ungari" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szilícium" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Силициум – makedoonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Силициум" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedoonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silisi%C3%B4ma" title="Silisiôma – malagassi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Silisiôma" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagassi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BA" title="സിലിക്കൺ – malajalami" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സിലിക്കൺ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takawai" title="Takawai – maoori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Takawai" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maoori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8" title="सिलिकॉन – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सिलिकॉन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86" title="سيليكون – Egiptuse araabia" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سيليكون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egiptuse araabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%ADk_(ngu%C3%B2ng-s%C3%B3)" title="Sĭk (nguòng-só) – idamini" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Sĭk (nguòng-só)" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="idamini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%83%D1%80" title="Цахиур – mongoli" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Цахиур" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%86%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AE%E1%80%80%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="ဆီလီကွန် – birma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဆီလီကွန်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tecpatepozteuh" title="Tecpatepozteuh – nahua" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Tecpatepozteuh" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="nahua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicium" title="Silicium – hollandi" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Silicium" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="hollandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8" title="सिलिकन – nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="सिलिकन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8" title="सिलिकन – nevari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सिलिकन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="nevari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B1%E3%82%A4%E7%B4%A0" title="ケイ素 – jaapani" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ケイ素" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="jaapani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siliitsium" title="Siliitsium – põhjafriisi" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Siliitsium" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="põhjafriisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silisium" title="Silisium – norra bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Silisium" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norra bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silisium" title="Silisium – uusnorra" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Silisium" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="uusnorra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silici" title="Silici – oksitaani" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Silici" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%A8" title="ସିଲିକନ – oria" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ସିଲିକନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kremniy" title="Kremniy – usbeki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kremniy" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbeki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਸਿਲੀਕਾਨ – pandžabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਿਲੀਕਾਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8" title="सिलिकन – paali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="सिलिकन" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="paali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سلیکان – lahnda" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سلیکان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="lahnda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AE%E1%80%80%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="သီလီကွန် – paoo" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="သီလီကွန်" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="paoo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%8A%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سليکان – puštu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="سليکان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="puštu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silikan" title="Silikan – Jamaica kreoolkeel" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Silikan" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaica kreoolkeel" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silissi" title="Silissi – piemonte" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Silissi" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemonte" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silizium" title="Silizium – alamsaksa" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Silizium" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="alamsaksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krzem" title="Krzem – poola" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Krzem" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sil%C3%ADcio" title="Silício – portugali" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Silício" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siliciu" title="Siliciu – rumeenia" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Siliciu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ullayayaq" title="Ullayayaq – ketšua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ullayayaq" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="ketšua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Кремний – vene" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кремний" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="vene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Кремний – jakuudi" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Кремний" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakuudi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8" title="सिलिकन – sanskriti" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="सिलिकन" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskriti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱥᱤᱞᱤᱠᱟᱱ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱥᱤᱞᱤᱠᱟᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sil%C3%ACtziu" title="Silìtziu – sardi" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Silìtziu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seelicon" title="Seelicon – šoti" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Seelicon" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="šoti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicium" title="Silicium – saterfriisi" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Silicium" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterfriisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silici" title="Silici – albaania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Silici" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siliciu" title="Siliciu – sitsiilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Siliciu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sitsiilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A" title="සිලිකන් – singali" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සිලිකන්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon" title="Silicon – lihtsustatud inglise" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Silicon" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="lihtsustatud inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%8A%DA%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سليڪان – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="سليڪان" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="hea artikkel"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krem%C3%ADk" title="Kremík – slovaki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kremík" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicij" title="Silicij – sloveeni" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Silicij" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silikoon" title="Silikoon – somaali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Silikoon" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somaali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%86" title="سیلیکۆن – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سیلیکۆن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Силицијум – serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Силицијум" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicij" title="Silicij – serbia-horvaadi" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Silicij" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbia-horvaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silikon" title="Silikon – sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Silikon" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pii_(alkuaine)" title="Pii (alkuaine) – soome" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pii (alkuaine)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="soome" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kisel" title="Kisel – rootsi" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kisel" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="rootsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silikon" title="Silikon – tagalogi" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Silikon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalogi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="சிலிக்கான் – tamili" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சிலிக்கான்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Кремний – tatari" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кремний" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="సిలికాన్ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సిలికాన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="ซิลิคอน – tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ซิลิคอน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silic" title="Silic – vietnami" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Silic" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Силисий – tadžiki" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Силисий" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadžiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silisyum" title="Silisyum – türgi" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Silisyum" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="türgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Кремній – ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кремній" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سیلیکان – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سیلیکان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%89%D9%8A" title="سىلىتسىي – uiguuri" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="سىلىتسىي" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uiguuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gveih" title="Gveih – tšuangi" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Gveih" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="tšuangi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C5%82icio" title="Siłicio – veneti" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Siłicio" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="veneti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ola" title="Ola – vepsa" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Ola" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepsa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silikin" title="Silikin – volapüki" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Silikin" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapüki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A1%85" title="硅 – klassikaline hiina" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="硅" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="klassikaline hiina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicio" title="Silicio – varai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Silicio" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A1%85" title="硅 – uu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="硅" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="uu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="סיליציום – jidiši" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="סיליציום" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidiši" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADl%C3%ADk%E1%BB%8D%CC%81n%C3%B9" title="Sílíkọ́nù – joruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Sílíkọ́nù" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="joruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%BD" title="矽 – kantoni" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="矽" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A1%85" title="硅 – hiina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="硅" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="hiina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q670#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Muuda keelelinke" class="wbc-editpage">Muuda linke</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nimeruumid"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A4ni" title="Vaata sisulehekülge [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arutelu:R%C3%A4ni" rel="discussion" title="Arutelu selle lehekülje sisu kohta [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Arutelu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></span></span> </td> <td> <i>See artikkel räägib keemilisest elemendist; Eesti aleviku kohta vaata artiklit <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A4ni_alevik" title="Räni alevik">Räni alevik</a>.</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <hr /> <div style="float:right;clear:right;margin-bottom:10px;margin-left:0px;width:130px;background-color:#ffffff;"> <table style="background-color:Antiquewhite;border:1px solid #999999;padding:0px;font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;height:120px;width:120px;float:right;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="100" style="font-size:0.9em;line-height:1;font-weight:bold;vertical-align:top;">14</td> <td width="20" rowspan="3" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom;"> <div style="font-family:monospace;font-size:0.9em;line-height:1;text-align:right;"> <br /><br /><br /><br />4<br />8<br />2</div> </td> </tr><tr> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><span style="margin-left:10px;font-size:2.8em;line-height:1.2;font-family:'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif">Si</span><br /> <span style="margin-left:10px;font-size:0.8em;line-height:1.1;">28,086</span></td> </tr> <tr style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;"> <td><span style="font-size:0.9em;line-height:1;font-weight:bold;">Räni</span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Silicon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Silicon.jpg/220px-Silicon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Silicon.jpg/330px-Silicon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Silicon.jpg/440px-Silicon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="948" data-file-height="948" /></a><figcaption>Räni</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Räni</b> on <a href="/wiki/Keemiline_element" title="Keemiline element">keemiline element</a> Mendelejevi tabelis <a href="/wiki/Aatomnumber" title="Aatomnumber">aatomnumbriga</a> 14 ja <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCmbol" title="Sümbol">sümboliga</a> <b>Si.</b> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ajalugu">Ajalugu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4ni&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Ajalugu"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4ni&action=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Ajalugu" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vaidlus räni nimetuse üle inglise keeles sai alguse kohe pärast selle aine avastamist. Räni eraldati puhta vormina 1824. aastal ning see nimetati siliitsiumiks (ladina keelest: <i>silicis</i>, <i>flints</i>, ränikivi), kus sõnalõpp -<i>ium</i> viitab metallile. 1831. aastal otsustati nimetust muuta, et see näitaks seost temaga füüsikaliselt sarnaste keemiliste elementidega nagu <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCsinik" title="Süsinik">süsinik</a> (<i>carbon</i>) ja <a href="/wiki/Boor" title="Boor">boor</a> (<i>boron</i>). <a href="/wiki/Massiprotsent" title="Massiprotsent">Massiprotsendi</a> järgi on räni levikult kaheksas element universumis, aga looduses esineb ta väga harva lihtainena. Seda võib leida <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A4nioksiid" class="mw-redirect" title="Ränioksiid">ränioksiidi</a> või <a href="/wiki/Silikaadid" title="Silikaadid">silikaatide</a> näol tolmu, liiva, planetoidide ja planeetide koostisosana. Üle 90% maakoorest koosneb <a href="/wiki/Silikaatsed_mineraalid" title="Silikaatsed mineraalid">räni mineraalidest</a>, tõstes ta levimuse poolest maakoores teisele kohale (umbes 28% maakoorest) pärast <a href="/wiki/Hapnik" title="Hapnik">hapnikku</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-QxxrP_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QxxrP-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Omadused">Omadused</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4ni&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Muuda alaosa "Omadused"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4ni&action=edit&section=2" title="Muuda alaosa "Omadused" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Räni on neljavalentne <a href="/wiki/Mittemetall" class="mw-redirect" title="Mittemetall">mittemetall</a>, mille reaktsioonivõime on väiksem kui mittemetallist <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCsinik" title="Süsinik">süsinikul</a>, mis asetseb <a href="/wiki/Perioodilisustabel" class="mw-redirect" title="Perioodilisustabel">perioodilisustabelis</a> tema kohal, kuid ta on suurema reaktsioonivõimega kui poolmetallist <a href="/wiki/Germaanium" title="Germaanium">germaanium</a>, mis on <a href="/wiki/Perioodilisustabel" class="mw-redirect" title="Perioodilisustabel">perioodilisustabelis</a> tema all. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Füüsikalised_omadused"><span id="F.C3.BC.C3.BCsikalised_omadused"></span>Füüsikalised omadused</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4ni&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Muuda alaosa "Füüsikalised omadused"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4ni&action=edit&section=3" title="Muuda alaosa "Füüsikalised omadused" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Silicon-unit-cell-3D-balls.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Silicon-unit-cell-3D-balls.png/220px-Silicon-unit-cell-3D-balls.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Silicon-unit-cell-3D-balls.png/330px-Silicon-unit-cell-3D-balls.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Silicon-unit-cell-3D-balls.png/440px-Silicon-unit-cell-3D-balls.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="1050" /></a><figcaption>Ränile iseloomulik teemandiga sarnane <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetraeeder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tetraeeder (pole veel kirjutatud)">tetraeedri</a> kujuga kristallstruktuur</figcaption></figure> <p>Räni on toatemperatuuril tahke, suhteliselt kõrge sulamis- ja keemistemperatuuriga (vastavalt 1400 ja 2800 kraadi Celsiust) keemiline element. Räni <a href="/wiki/Tihedus" title="Tihedus">tihedus</a> on vedelas olekus suurem kui tahkes olekus. Seetõttu ei tõmbu räni külma käes kokku nagu enamik aineid, vaid selle ruumala hoopis suureneb. Selline olukord sarnaneb olukorraga, kus vesi külmunud olekus on hõredam ja omab väiksemat massi ruumalaühiku kohta kui näiteks toatemperatuuril olev vedeliku vormis vesi. Räni suhteliselt kõrge <a href="/wiki/Soojusjuhtivus" title="Soojusjuhtivus">soojusjuhtivuse</a> (149 W/m•K) tulemusena juhib räni hästi soojust ega ole seetõttu sobiv isolatsioonimaterjal. </p><p>Lihtainena on räni halli värvi ja metallilise läikega kristalne aine. Ta on üpriski tugev, väga habras ja kergesti mõranev nagu ka tema analoog germaanium. Süsiniku ja germaaniumiga sarnaselt moodustuvad räni kristalliseerumisel teemandi omadega sarnased <a href="/wiki/Kristallstruktuur" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristallstruktuur">kristallstruktuurid</a>, kus võre laius on ligikaudu 0,5430710 nm (5,430710 Å). Nagu ka süsinikul, on ränil <a href="/wiki/Valentskiht" class="mw-redirect" title="Valentskiht">valentskihis</a> neli <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektroni</a>. 1s ja 2s alakihid on täidetud ning 2p alakihis, kuhu mahuks kokku kuus elektroni, on neid vaid kaks.<sup id="cite_ref-30gp4_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30gp4-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Andmed">Andmed</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4ni&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Muuda alaosa "Andmed"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4ni&action=edit&section=4" title="Muuda alaosa "Andmed" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Molekulmass" title="Molekulmass">Molekulmass</a>: 28,0855</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulamistemperatuur" title="Sulamistemperatuur">Sulamistemperatuur</a>: 1417 °C</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tihedus" title="Tihedus">Tihedus</a>: 2330 kg/m³</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Keemilised_omadused">Keemilised omadused</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4ni&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Muuda alaosa "Keemilised omadused"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4ni&action=edit&section=5" title="Muuda alaosa "Keemilised omadused" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Räni on <a href="/wiki/Pooljuht" title="Pooljuht">pooljuht</a>, mis tähendab, et ta on võimeline kergesti kas loovutama või jagama oma elektronkatte välimise kihi nelja elektroni. Selline elektronkatte väliskihi ehitus võimaldab ränil sobivate tingimuste olemasolul moodustada erinevaid keemilisi sidemeid ja -ühendeid. Kuigi räni on näiliselt sarnane suhteliselt inertse elemendi – süsinikuga (millel on samuti neli vaba elektroni <a href="/wiki/Keemiline_side" title="Keemiline side">keemiliste</a> sidemete moodustamiseks), on räni omapäraks see, et räni on võimeline reageerima <a href="/wiki/Halogeenid" title="Halogeenid">halogeenide</a> ja lahjendatud <a href="/wiki/Leelis" title="Leelis">leelistega</a>, olles samas immuunne enamiku <a href="/wiki/Hape" title="Hape">hapete</a> suhtes (välja arvatud teatud hüperaktiivsed segud lämmastikhappest ja vesinikfluoriidhappest). Madalal temperatuuril on räni keemiliselt passiivne mittemetall. Toatemperatuuril reageerib räni ainult fluoriga. Leelisega reageerimisel tekivad silikaadid ja eraldub <a href="/wiki/Vesinik" title="Vesinik">vesinik</a>. Kõrgematel temperatuuridel reageerib ta hapnikuga (→SiO<sub>2</sub>), halogeenidega (→SiHal<sub>4</sub>), väävliga (→SiS<sub>2</sub>), lämmastikuga (→Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>), fosforiga (→SiP), arseeniga (→As<sub>2</sub>Si ja AsSi), süsinikuga (→SiC) ja enamiku metallidega (→silitsiidid). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Isotoobid">Isotoobid</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4ni&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Muuda alaosa "Isotoobid"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4ni&action=edit&section=6" title="Muuda alaosa "Isotoobid" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Stabiilne_isotoop" title="Stabiilne isotoop">Stabiilseid isotoope</a> on 3, <a href="/wiki/Massiarv" title="Massiarv">massiarvudega</a> 28, 29 ja 30. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lihtaine_saamine">Lihtaine saamine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4ni&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Muuda alaosa "Lihtaine saamine"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4ni&action=edit&section=7" title="Muuda alaosa "Lihtaine saamine" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Räni saadakse puhta kvartsliiva ja <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCsi" title="Süsi">söe</a> (teise nimega koksi) segu kuumutamisel kaarleekahjus, kus temperatuur on ligikaudu 1800 °C: </p> <dl><dd>SiO<sub>2</sub> + 2C → Si + 2CO</dd></dl> <p>Pärast happetöötlust saadakse kuni 99,9% ränisisaldusega saadus, kuid tihti ei ole see piisavalt puhas. Sel juhul viiakse räni üle <a href="/wiki/Halogeen" class="mw-redirect" title="Halogeen">halogeniidiks</a> SiCl<sub>4</sub> või SiHCl<sub>3</sub>, mis puhastatakse eri meetoditega ning <a href="/wiki/Redutseerimine" class="mw-redirect" title="Redutseerimine">redutseeritakse</a> ülipuhta vesinikuga 1200–1300 °C juures. </p> <dl><dd>SiHCl<sub>3</sub> + H<sub>2</sub> → Si + 3HCl</dd></dl> <p>Kirjeldatud meetodid on kõige enam levinud, kuid leidub muidki meetodeid. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ühendid"><span id=".C3.9Chendid"></span>Ühendid</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4ni&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Muuda alaosa "Ühendid"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4ni&action=edit&section=8" title="Muuda alaosa "Ühendid" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Räni moodustab paljude <a href="/wiki/Metall" class="mw-redirect" title="Metall">metallidega</a> binaarseid ühendeid, mida nimetatakse silitsiidideks ning mille omadused varieeruvad suuresti. Nagu näiteks hea reaktsioonivõimega magneesiumsilikaat (Mg<sub>2</sub>Si) või molübteendisilikaat (MoSi<sub>2</sub>), mis on kõrge sulamistemperatuuriga tulekindel ühend. </p><p><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A4nikarbiid" title="Ränikarbiid">Ränikarbiid</a> (SiC) on kõva, kõrge <a href="/wiki/Sulamistemperatuur" title="Sulamistemperatuur">sulamistemperatuuriga</a> tahke aine ning samuti laialdaselt tuntud abrasiiv. Kuumpressimisega on võimalik muuta see ülitugevaks keraamiliseks aineks, mida kasutatakse lahinguvarustuses. </p><p>Silaan (SiH<sub>4</sub>) on pürofoorne <a href="/wiki/Gaas" title="Gaas">gaas</a>, millel on sarnane <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetraeeder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tetraeeder (pole veel kirjutatud)">tetraeedriline</a> <a href="/wiki/Molekul" title="Molekul">molekulkuju</a> nagu <a href="/wiki/Metaan" title="Metaan">metaanil</a> (CH<sub>4</sub>). Puhta gaasi korral ei toimu reaktsiooni veega ega lahjendatud hapetega, kuid isegi väike kogus leeliselisi lisandeid kutsub esile tormilise <a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCdrol%C3%BC%C3%BCs" title="Hüdrolüüs">hüdrolüüsi</a>. Silaanide korral on homogeensete ahelate ehk ränivesinike (Si<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n+2</sub>, kus n = 2–8) tekkimine võimalik analoogselt <a href="/wiki/Alkaanid" title="Alkaanid">alkaanidele</a>. Kuid nad on väga kiiresti hüdrolüüsuvad ning ebastabiilsed, eriti suurema <a href="/wiki/Molekulmass" title="Molekulmass">molekulmassiga</a> ühendid.<sup id="cite_ref-Wiberg_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wiberg-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Disilaanides on kahe räni vahel <a href="/wiki/Kaksikside" title="Kaksikside">kaksikside</a> (analoogselt <a href="/wiki/Alkeenid" title="Alkeenid">alkeenidele</a>) ning suure reageerimisvõime tõttu on neis ühendites stabiliseerimiseks vaja suuri <a href="/wiki/Asendusr%C3%BChm" title="Asendusrühm">asendusrühmi</a>. Aastal 2004 eraldati ka disilaan, kus ränide vahel leiti olevat <a href="/wiki/Kolmikside" title="Kolmikside">kolmikside</a>, kuid kuna ühend ei ole lineaarne, siis ei saanud neid võrrelda alküünidega.<sup id="cite_ref-6F6fV_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6F6fV-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Räni ühendid halogeenidega nimetatakse ränihalogeniidideks (SiX<sub>4</sub>). Näiteks ränitetrakloriid reageerib veega, mida tema analoog süsiniktetrakloriid ei tee. Dihalogeene, mis on väga reageerimisaltid, valmistatakse halogeeni ja räni vahelisel reaktsioonil kõrgel temperatuuril. Ränidifloriid kondenseerimisel saadakse polümeer (SiF<sub>2</sub>)n. </p><p><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A4nidioksiid" title="Ränidioksiid">Ränidioksiid</a> on kõrge <a href="/wiki/Sulamistemperatuur" title="Sulamistemperatuur">sulamistemperatuuriga</a> tahke aine, millel on mitmesuguseid kristallstruktuure. Tähtsaimad teisendid on kvarts, <a href="/wiki/Kristobaliit" title="Kristobaliit">kristobaliit</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Trid%C3%BCmiit" title="Tridümiit">tridümiit</a>. Neist kuulsaim on kvarts. Kvartsi kristallis on iga räni aatom ümbritsetud nelja hapniku <a href="/wiki/Aatom" title="Aatom">aatomiga</a>, mis on sillaks järgmise räni aatomini, moodustades kolmemõõtelise võre. <a href="/wiki/Oksiid" class="mw-redirect" title="Oksiid">Oksiid</a> on kõrgel temperatuuril vees lahustuv, kus ta muundub <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ortor%C3%A4nihape&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ortoränihape (pole veel kirjutatud)">ortoränihapeteks</a> Si(OH)<sub>4</sub>. </p><p>Sobivatel tingimustel võib ortoränihape kergesti polümeriseeruda, moodustades veel keerulisemaid ränihappeid. Lihtsaimaks saaduseks võimalikest reaktsioonidest on <a href="/wiki/Kondensatsioon" title="Kondensatsioon">kondensatsioonist</a> tekkinud diränihape (H<sub>6</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>). Keerulisemad on aga polüränihapped, mida tähistatakse {Si<sub>x</sub>(OH)<sub>4–2x</sub>}<sub>n</sub>, mille puhul on palju eri struktuure ja omadusi. </p><p>Teiste elementide oksiidide ja ränidioksiidi vahelistel reaktsioonidel kõrgel temperatuuridel on võimalik valmistada mitmesuguste omadustega <a href="/wiki/Klaas" title="Klaas">klaase</a>. Näiteks kvartsklaasi, boorsilikaatklaasi ja kristallist klaasi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kasutusalad">Kasutusalad</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4ni&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Muuda alaosa "Kasutusalad"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4ni&action=edit&section=9" title="Muuda alaosa "Kasutusalad" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lihtainena avaldab räni suurt mõju tänapäeva maailma majandusele. Suurem osa sellest kasutatakse terase rafineerimisel, alumiiniumi valamisel, kõrgekvaliteedilises keemiatööstuses (tihti kuumutatud <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A4nioksiid" class="mw-redirect" title="Ränioksiid">ränioksiidi</a> valmistamiseks) ja kaubanduses ilma põhjalikuma töötluseta. <a href="/wiki/Savi" title="Savi">Savi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kvarts" title="Kvarts">kvartsliiva</a> ja -kivi kasutatakse vahetult ehitusmaterjalidena. Kvartsliiv on samuti keraamiliste telliste koostisosa. Silikaati lisatakse <a href="/wiki/Portlandtsement" class="mw-redirect" title="Portlandtsement">portlandtsementi</a>, mis omakorda kombineeritakse kvartsliiva ja kruusaga, et valmistada <a href="/wiki/Betoon" title="Betoon">betooni</a>. Silikaate leidub veel portselanis ja klaasides. Kaasaegsed räni ühendid nagu <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A4nikarbiid" title="Ränikarbiid">ränikarbiidid</a> moodustavad abrasiivseid ja ülitugevaid keraamilisi aineid. Laialt levinud sünteetilisi räni polümeere nimetatakse <a href="/wiki/Silikoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Silikoon">silikoonideks</a>. </p><p>Suuremat tähtsust omab siiski väike hulk räni, mida kasutatakse <a href="/wiki/Pooljuht" title="Pooljuht">pooljuhtidena</a> elektroonikas (<10%), arvutisüsteemides ning teistes laialt levinud tehnoloogiates. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biotoime">Biotoime</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4ni&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Muuda alaosa "Biotoime"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4ni&action=edit&section=10" title="Muuda alaosa "Biotoime" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Räni esineb vähesel määral taimsetes ja loomsetes organismides. Loomades esinevad räniühendid neerukoes, pankreases, luudes, hammastes jm. Räni leidub sellistes kudedes, millel on toestav ja tugevdav funktsioon, nagu näiteks kõõlused, hambaemail, nahk jm. Inimorganismi vananemisel ränisisaldus väheneb. </p><p>Kuigi räni täpne bioloogiline toime ei ole teada, arvatakse, et inimene vajab seda ööpäevas umbes 10 mg. Räni funktsiooni loomorganismides seostatakse glükoosaminoglükaanide ja nende valgukompleksidega, milles Si on oluline struktuurielement. Räniühendite üleküllus keskkonnas, eriti tolmuna, põhjustab aga selliseid raskeid haigusi nagu silikoos ja asbestoos. Kuigi loomadel on eluks vajalik räni kogus kaduvväike, on ta siiski bioloogias väga oluline element. Näiteks mitmed meres elavad <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A4snloom" class="mw-redirect" title="Käsnloom">käsnloomad</a> vajavad seda oma struktuuri ehitamiseks ning samuti on sellel suur tähtsus taimede <a href="/wiki/Metabolism" title="Metabolism">metabolismis</a>. Taimedest leidub räni rohkem kõrreliste vartes, kuid seda on ka ainuraksete kodades, sulgedes ja villas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vaata_ka">Vaata ka</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4ni&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Muuda alaosa "Vaata ka"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4ni&action=edit&section=11" title="Muuda alaosa "Vaata ka" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pol%C3%BCkristalliline_r%C3%A4ni" title="Polükristalliline räni">Polükristalliline räni</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Viited">Viited</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4ni&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Muuda alaosa "Viited"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4ni&action=edit&section=12" title="Muuda alaosa "Viited" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-QxxrP-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-QxxrP_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/tables/elabund.html">Abundances of the Elements in the Earth's Crust</a> Nave, R., Georgia State University</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30gp4-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30gp4_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6066747">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFO'Mara1990" class="citation book cs1">O'Mara, William C. (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=COcVgAtqeKkC&pg=PA351&dq=Czochralski+Silicon+Crystal+Face+Cubic"><i>Handbook of Semiconductor Silicon Technology</i></a>. William Andrew Inc. Lk 349–352. <a href="/wiki/Rahvusvaheline_raamatu_standardnumber" title="Rahvusvaheline raamatu standardnumber">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Eri:Raamatuotsimine/0815512376" title="Eri:Raamatuotsimine/0815512376"><bdi>0815512376</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 24.02.2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Semiconductor+Silicon+Technology&rft.pages=349-352&rft.pub=William+Andrew+Inc.&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0815512376&rft.aulast=O%27Mara&rft.aufirst=William+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DCOcVgAtqeKkC%26pg%3DPA351%26dq%3DCzochralski%2BSilicon%2BCrystal%2BFace%2BCubic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A4ni" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wiberg-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Wiberg_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747"><cite id="CITEREFHollemanWiberg,_Nils2007" class="citation book cs1">Holleman, Arnold F.; Wiberg, Nils (2007). <i>Lehrbuch der anorganischen Chemie</i> (102 ed.). Berlin: de Gruyter. <a href="/wiki/Rahvusvaheline_raamatu_standardnumber" title="Rahvusvaheline raamatu standardnumber">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Eri:Raamatuotsimine/3110177706" title="Eri:Raamatuotsimine/3110177706"><bdi>3110177706</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lehrbuch+der+anorganischen+Chemie&rft.place=Berlin&rft.edition=102&rft.pub=de+Gruyter&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=3110177706&rft.aulast=Holleman&rft.aufirst=Arnold+F.&rft.au=Wiberg%2C+Nils&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A4ni" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6F6fV-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6F6fV_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">F. G. Stone, Robert West, Multiply Bonded Main Group Metals and Metalloids, Academic Press, 1996, <a href="/wiki/Eri:Raamatuotsimine/0120311399" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0120311399</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=IrcORBkVjGQC&pg=PA255">p. 255</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kirjandus">Kirjandus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4ni&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Muuda alaosa "Kirjandus"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4ni&action=edit&section=13" title="Muuda alaosa "Kirjandus" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Hergi Karik, Kalle Truus. 2003. "Elementide keemia"</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Välislingid"><span id="V.C3.A4lislingid"></span>Välislingid</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4ni&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Muuda alaosa "Välislingid"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4ni&action=edit&section=14" title="Muuda alaosa "Välislingid" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6724296">.mw-parser-output table.side-box{margin:4px 0;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output th.side-box-text,.mw-parser-output td.side-box-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output td.side-box-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output td.side-box-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output table.side-box a>img{max-width:none!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output table.side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output table.side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output table.side-box-left{margin-right:1em;border-collapse:collapse}}</style><table role="presentation" class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"> <tbody><tr> <td class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Wiktionary-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></a></span></td> <td class="side-box-text">Vikisõnastiku artikkel: <b><a href="https://et.wiktionary.org/wiki/r%C3%A4ni" class="extiw" title="wikt:räni">räni</a></b></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6724296"><table role="presentation" class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"> <tbody><tr> <td class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></td> <td class="side-box-text">Pildid, videod ja helifailid Commonsis: <b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Silicon?uselang=et">Räni</a></b></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6724296"><table role="presentation" class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"> <tbody><tr> <td class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span></td> <td class="side-box-text">Tsitaadid Vikitsitaatides: <b><a href="https://et.wikiquote.org/wiki/R%C3%A4ni" class="extiw" title="q:Räni">Räni</a></b></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opik.fyysika.ee/index.php/book/section/2367">Räni</a> õpikus "Materjalimaailm"</li></ul> <div style="text-align:center; clear:both;"> <div style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #cccccc; background-color:#ffffff; padding: 3px; text-align: center; font-size:0.9em;"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <th colspan="8" style="border: 0px solid #cccccc; border-bottom-width:0px;"><a href="/wiki/Keemiliste_elementide_perioodilisuss%C3%BCsteem" title="Keemiliste elementide perioodilisussüsteem">Keemiliste elementide perioodilisussüsteem</a></th> </tr> <tr align="center" style="background-color:#f5f5f5;"> <th style="border:1px solid #cccccc; border-right-width:0px;"><a href="/wiki/Metallid" title="Metallid">Metallid</a></th> <th style="border:1px solid #cccccc; border-right-width:0px;"><a href="/wiki/Poolmetallid" title="Poolmetallid">Poolmetallid</a></th> <th style="border:1px solid #cccccc; border-right-width:0px;"><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4%C3%A4risgaasid" title="Väärisgaasid">Väärisgaasid</a></th> <th style="border:1px solid #cccccc; 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