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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Common medical term for thoughts about homicide</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Bloodthirst" redirects here. For the album, see <a href="/wiki/Bloodthirst_(album)" title="Bloodthirst (album)">Bloodthirst (album)</a>. For the novel, see <a href="/wiki/Bloodthirst_(novel)" title="Bloodthirst (novel)">Bloodthirst (novel)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Medical condition</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox ib-medical-condition"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#ccc">Homicidal ideation</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Medical_specialty" title="Medical specialty">Specialty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Psychiatry" title="Psychiatry">Psychiatry</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Homicidal ideation</b> is a common <a href="/wiki/Medical_terminology" title="Medical terminology">medical term</a> for thoughts about <a href="/wiki/Homicide" title="Homicide">homicide</a>. There is a range of homicidal thoughts which spans from vague ideas of revenge to detailed and fully formulated plans without the act itself.<sup id="cite_ref-PsychServ_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PsychServ-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most people who have homicidal ideation do not commit homicide. 50–91% of people surveyed on university grounds in various places in the United States admit to having had a homicidal <a href="/wiki/Fantasy_(psychology)" title="Fantasy (psychology)">fantasy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-JDuntley_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JDuntley-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Homicidal ideation is common, accounting for 10–17% of patient presentations to psychiatric facilities in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-PsychServ_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PsychServ-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Homicidal ideation is not a disease itself, but may result from other illnesses such as <a href="/wiki/Delirium" title="Delirium">delirium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Psychosis" title="Psychosis">psychosis</a>. Psychosis, which accounts for 89% of admissions with homicidal ideation in one US study,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> includes substance-induced <a href="/wiki/Psychosis" title="Psychosis">psychosis</a> (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Amphetamine_psychosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphetamine psychosis">amphetamine psychosis</a>) and the psychoses related to <a href="/wiki/Schizophreniform_disorder" title="Schizophreniform disorder">schizophreniform disorder</a> and <a href="/wiki/Schizophrenia" title="Schizophrenia">schizophrenia</a>. <a href="/wiki/Delirium" title="Delirium">Delirium</a> is often <a href="/wiki/Substance_intoxication" title="Substance intoxication">drug induced</a> or secondary to general medical illness(es). </p><p>It may arise in association with <a href="/wiki/Personality_disorder" title="Personality disorder">personality disorders</a> or it may occur in people who do not have any detectable illness. In fact, surveys have shown that the majority of people have had homicidal fantasies at some stage in their life.<sup id="cite_ref-JDuntley_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JDuntley-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many theories have been proposed to explain this.<sup id="cite_ref-JDuntley_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JDuntley-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-InnateMind_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-InnateMind-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diagnosis">Diagnosis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homicidal_ideation&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Diagnosis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Violence_risk">Violence risk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homicidal_ideation&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Violence risk"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Homicidal ideation is noted to be an important risk factor when trying to identify a person's risk for <a href="/wiki/Violence" title="Violence">violence</a>. This type of assessment is routine for psychiatric patients<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or any other patients presenting to hospital with mental health complaints. There are many associated risk factors which include: history of violence and any thoughts of committing harm, poor impulse control and an inability to <a href="/wiki/Deferred_gratification" class="mw-redirect" title="Deferred gratification">delay gratification</a>, impairment or loss of <a href="/wiki/Reality_testing" title="Reality testing">reality testing</a>, especially with <a href="/wiki/Delusion" title="Delusion">delusional</a> beliefs or command <a href="/wiki/Hallucination" title="Hallucination">hallucinations</a>, the feeling of being controlled by an outside force, <a href="/wiki/Persecutory_delusion" title="Persecutory delusion">the belief that other people wish to harm them</a>, the perception of <a href="/wiki/Social_rejection" title="Social rejection">rejection</a> or <a href="/wiki/Humiliation" title="Humiliation">humiliation</a> at the hands of others,<sup id="cite_ref-PsychServ_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PsychServ-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> being under the <a href="/wiki/Substance_intoxication" title="Substance intoxication">influence</a> of substances or a history of <a href="/wiki/Antisocial_personality_disorder" title="Antisocial personality disorder">antisocial personality disorder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frontal_lobe" title="Frontal lobe">frontal lobe</a> dysfunction or <a href="/wiki/Head_injury" title="Head injury">head injury</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Associated_psychopathology">Associated psychopathology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homicidal_ideation&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Associated psychopathology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>People who have homicidal ideation are at higher risk of other <a href="/wiki/Mental_disorder" title="Mental disorder">psychopathology</a> than the normal population. This includes <a href="/wiki/Suicidal_ideation" title="Suicidal ideation">suicidal ideation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psychosis" title="Psychosis">psychosis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delirium" title="Delirium">delirium</a>, or intoxication.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Homicidal ideation may arise in relation to behavioural conditions such as <a href="/wiki/Personality_disorder" title="Personality disorder">personality disorder</a> (particularly <a href="/wiki/Conduct_disorder" title="Conduct disorder">conduct disorder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Narcissistic_personality_disorder" title="Narcissistic personality disorder">narcissistic personality disorder</a> and <a href="/wiki/Antisocial_personality_disorder" title="Antisocial personality disorder">antisocial personality disorder</a>). A study in Finland showed an increased risk of violence from people who have antisocial personality disorder, which is greater than the risk of violence from people who have schizophrenia.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same study also cites that many other mental disorders are not associated with an increased risk of violence, of note: depression, anxiety disorders and intellectual disability. </p><p>Homicidal ideation may arise in people who are otherwise quite well,<sup id="cite_ref-PsychServ_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PsychServ-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as is demonstrated by the fact that the greater majority of people within the general population have had homicidal fantasies. When triggering factors are sought regarding homicidal fantasies the majority seem to be linked in some way to the disruption of a couple relationship. Either <a href="/wiki/Jealousy" title="Jealousy">jealousy</a> or <a href="/wiki/Revenge" title="Revenge">revenge</a>, greed/<a href="/wiki/Lust" title="Lust">lust</a> or even <a href="/wiki/Fear" title="Fear">fear</a> and <a href="/wiki/Self-defense" title="Self-defense">self-defense</a> prompt homicidal thoughts and actions in the majority of cases.<sup id="cite_ref-DBuss_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DBuss-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a minority of cases, homicides and acts of violence may be related to <a href="/wiki/Mental_disorder" title="Mental disorder">mental disorder</a>. These homicides and fantasies do not seem to have the same underlying triggers as those by people without a mental disorder, but when these trigger factors are present the risk for violence is greater than usual.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>People who present with homicidal ideation also have a higher risk of suicide. This shows the need for an assessment of suicide risk in people with thoughts of violence towards others.<sup id="cite_ref-PsychServ_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PsychServ-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spurious_and_fictitious_homicidal_ideation">Spurious and fictitious homicidal ideation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homicidal_ideation&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Spurious and fictitious homicidal ideation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sometimes people claiming to have homicidal ideation do not actually have homicidal thoughts but merely claim to have them. They may do this for a variety of reasons, e.g. to gain attention, to coerce a person or people for or against some action, or to avoid social or legal obligation (sometimes by gaining admission to a hospital) — see <a href="/wiki/Malingering" title="Malingering">malingering</a> or <a href="/wiki/Factitious_disorder" title="Factitious disorder">factitious disorder</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Theories">Theories</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homicidal_ideation&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Theories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A number of <a href="/wiki/Theory" title="Theory">theories</a> have been proposed to explain the phenomenon of homicidal ideation or <a href="/wiki/Homicide" title="Homicide">homicide</a> itself.<sup id="cite_ref-InnateMind_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-InnateMind-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of these theories seem to overlap. They often are not mutually exclusive. At present no single theory explains all the phenomena noted in homicide, although many theories go some way to explaining several areas. Most of these theories follow the reasoning of theories studied in <a href="/wiki/Criminology" title="Criminology">criminology</a>. A brief synopsis of theories specific to homicide follows. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Homicide_adaptation">Homicide adaptation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homicidal_ideation&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Homicide adaptation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This is the most recent of evolutionary theories. It claims to explain most of the phenomena associated with homicide. It states that humans have evolved with adaptations that enable us to think of and/or plan homicide. We come up with the idea as a possible answer to our problem position (threat to ourselves, our mate or our resources) and include a range of thought processes regarding killer and victim (degree of relatedness, relative status, gender, reproductive values, size and strength of families, allies and resources) and the potential costs of making use of such a high penalty strategy as homicide. If homicide is determined to be the best solution strategy, then it might be functional.<sup id="cite_ref-JDuntley_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JDuntley-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DBuss_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DBuss-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By-product_hypothesis_("slip_up")"><span id="By-product_hypothesis_.28.22slip_up.22.29"></span>By-product hypothesis ("slip up")</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homicidal_ideation&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: By-product hypothesis ("slip up")"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to this hypothesis, homicide is considered to be a mistake or over-reaction. Normal psychological mechanisms for control of property, partner or personal safety may not appear to be sufficient under certain stressful circumstances and abnormal mechanisms develop. Particularly extreme expressions of this may occur leading to homicide where in the normal state the perpetrator would not behave in this manner.<sup id="cite_ref-InnateMind_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-InnateMind-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Management">Management</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homicidal_ideation&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Management"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Not much information is available regarding the management of patients with homicidal thoughts. In Western countries, the management of such people lies within the realms of the police force and the health system. It is generally agreed upon that people with homicidal thoughts who are thought to be at high risk of acting them out should be recognized as needing help. They should be brought swiftly to a place where an assessment can be made and any underlying medical or mental disorder should be treated.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homicidal_ideation&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-PsychServ-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PsychServ_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PsychServ_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PsychServ_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PsychServ_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PsychServ_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFThienhausPiasecki,_Melissa1998" class="citation journal cs1">Thienhaus, Ole J.; Piasecki, Melissa (September 1, 1998). "Emergency Psychiatry : Assessment of Psychiatric Patients' Risk of Violence Toward Others". <i>Psychiatric Services</i>. <b>49</b> (9): 1129–1147. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1176%2Fps.49.9.1129">10.1176/ps.49.9.1129</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9735952">9735952</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychiatric+Services&rft.atitle=Emergency+Psychiatry+%3A+Assessment+of+Psychiatric+Patients%27+Risk+of+Violence+Toward+Others&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=1129-1147&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1176%2Fps.49.9.1129&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9735952&rft.aulast=Thienhaus&rft.aufirst=Ole+J.&rft.au=Piasecki%2C+Melissa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomicidal+ideation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JDuntley-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JDuntley_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JDuntley_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JDuntley_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JDuntley_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuntley2005" class="citation book cs1">Duntley, Joshua D (August 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090704085156/http://www.lib.utexas.edu/etd/d/2005/duntleyj48072/duntleyj48072.pdf"><i>HOMICIDAL IDEATIONS</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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"Mental disorders and homicidal behavior in Finland". <i>Archives of General Psychiatry</i>. <b>53</b> (6): 497–501. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1001%2Farchpsyc.1996.01830060039005">10.1001/archpsyc.1996.01830060039005</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8639032">8639032</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+General+Psychiatry&rft.atitle=Mental+disorders+and+homicidal+behavior+in+Finland.&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=497-501&rft.date=1996-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1001%2Farchpsyc.1996.01830060039005&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8639032&rft.aulast=Eronen&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Hakola%2C+P&rft.au=Tiihonen%2C+J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomicidal+ideation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DBuss-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DBuss_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DBuss_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuss2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Buss" title="David Buss">Buss, David</a> (2005). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/murderernextdoor00buss/page/320"><i>The Murderer Next Door</i></a></span>. Vol. 10. <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Group" title="Penguin Group">Penguin Group</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/murderernextdoor00buss/page/320">320–335</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1088767906292645">10.1177/1088767906292645</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59420-043-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59420-043-4"><bdi>978-1-59420-043-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:220178227">220178227</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Murderer+Next+Door&rft.pages=320-335&rft.pub=Penguin+Group&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A220178227%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F1088767906292645&rft.isbn=978-1-59420-043-4&rft.aulast=Buss&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmurderernextdoor00buss%2Fpage%2F320&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomicidal+ideation" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStompeOrtwein-Swoboda,_GerhardSchanda,_Hans2004" class="citation journal cs1">Stompe, Thomas; Ortwein-Swoboda, Gerhard; Schanda, Hans (January 1, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foxfordjournals.schbul.a007066">"Schizophrenia, Delusional Symptoms, and Violence: The Threat/Control-Override Concept Reexamined"</a>. <i>Schizophrenia Bulletin</i>. <b>30</b> (1): 31–44. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foxfordjournals.schbul.a007066">10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a007066</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15176760">15176760</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Schizophrenia+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Schizophrenia%2C+Delusional+Symptoms%2C+and+Violence%3A+The+Threat%2FControl-Override+Concept+Reexamined&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=31-44&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Foxfordjournals.schbul.a007066&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15176760&rft.aulast=Stompe&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.au=Ortwein-Swoboda%2C+Gerhard&rft.au=Schanda%2C+Hans&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Foxfordjournals.schbul.a007066&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomicidal+ideation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompsonBeckson,_Mace2004" class="citation journal cs1">Thompson, Christopher; Beckson, Mace (September 1, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jaapl.org/cgi/reprint/32/3/277">"A Case of Factitious Homicidal Ideation"</a>. <i>Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online</i>. <b>32</b> (2): 277–281. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15515916">15515916</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081012220927/http://www.jaapl.org/cgi/reprint/32/3/277">Archived</a> from the original on 2008-10-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-10-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Academy+of+Psychiatry+and+the+Law+Online&rft.atitle=A+Case+of+Factitious+Homicidal+Ideation&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=277-281&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15515916&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.au=Beckson%2C+Mace&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jaapl.org%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F32%2F3%2F277&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomicidal+ideation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuehnBurton,_John1969" class="citation journal cs1">Kuehn, John; Burton, John (1969). "Management of the College Student with Homicidal Impulses—The "Whitman Syndrome"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i>American Journal of Psychiatry</i>. <b>125</b> (11): 1594–1599. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1176%2Fajp.125.11.1594">10.1176/ajp.125.11.1594</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5776871">5776871</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Psychiatry&rft.atitle=Management+of+the+College+Student+with+Homicidal+Impulses%E2%80%94The+%22Whitman+Syndrome%22&rft.volume=125&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=1594-1599&rft.date=1969&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1176%2Fajp.125.11.1594&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F5776871&rft.aulast=Kuehn&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Burton%2C+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomicidal+ideation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homicidal_ideation&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/deadly-dreams/">Deadly Dreams</a> - Analysis of homicidal ideation in school shooters. (<a href="/wiki/Scientific_American" title="Scientific American">Scientific American</a>, 1 August 2007)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="width:100%; 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