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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Muslim Minorities</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">22,543 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Muslim Minorities</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_Minorities">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_Minorities/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_Minorities/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_Minorities/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Muslim_Minorities">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14914373 coauthored" data-work_id="14914373" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14914373/Impact_of_Counter_Terrorism_on_Communities_Netherlands_Background_Report">Impact of Counter-Terrorism on Communities: Netherlands Background Report</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This country report sets the context for research on the impact of counter-terrorism legislation and policies on racial, ethnic and religious minority communities in the Netherlands. Despite the fact that over the last decade various... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14914373" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This country report sets the context for research on the impact of counter-terrorism legislation and policies on racial, ethnic and religious minority communities in the Netherlands. Despite the fact that over the last decade various security measures have been assessed, there are few studies on their context-specific effect. This report discusses the Dutch population and community situation, the counter-terrorism legal framework, its policy and policing background as well as security and political perspectives. It concludes that, in the years since 9/11, the Madrid and London terror attacks, and the murder of filmmaker and Islam-critic Theo van Gogh, fear of terrorism has decreased. Furthermore, the general public appears more concerned about the effect that security measures have on their civil rights and liberties. Public security and crime-prevention remain high on the political agenda and various trends, including the emergence of anticipatory criminal justice, the use and availability of ethnic data and the strength of populist parties mobilising around (cr)immigration and integration, have made the risk of side-effects of security measures for minority communities more pertinent. The apparently decreased political and public support for the anti-discrimination framework and the weak socio-economic position and institutional representation of ethnic minorities and migrants, contribute to the necessity of sound empirical research on the impact of security measures on minority, especially Muslim, communities in the Netherlands.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14914373" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="90b53e67f95153c1094fe48dd365d7ba" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38471933,"asset_id":14914373,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38471933/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4OTg0OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="30039073" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DoutjeLettinga">Doutje Lettinga</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="30039073" type="text/json">{"id":30039073,"first_name":"Doutje","last_name":"Lettinga","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DoutjeLettinga","display_name":"Doutje Lettinga","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DoutjeLettinga?f_ri=12978","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/30039073/9971040/11119429/s65_doutje.lettinga.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-14914373">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-14914373"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://hogeschool.academia.edu/QuirineEijkman">Quirine Eijkman</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://vu-nl.academia.edu/GijsVerbossen">Gijs Verbossen</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-14914373'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-14914373').html(); 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Public security and crime-prevention remain high on the political agenda and various trends, including the emergence of anticipatory criminal justice, the use and availability of ethnic data and the strength of populist parties mobilising around (cr)immigration and integration, have made the risk of side-effects of security measures for minority communities more pertinent. 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Minorías religiosas y pluralismo jurídico</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">La sharía y el derecho islámico son dos referentes fundamentales para la organización y supervivencia de las comunidades musulmanas en los países occidentales. Les han permitido configurar de una manera informal, pero decisiva, los... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_45077478" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">La sharía y el derecho islámico son dos referentes fundamentales para la organización y supervivencia de las comunidades musulmanas en los países occidentales. Les han permitido configurar de una manera informal, pero decisiva, los márgenes de actuación y de buenas prácticas para el cumplimiento de los preceptos del islam en la diáspora. Este libro ofrece un estudio de las demandas de autorregulación jurídica de las minorías religiosas en Occidente. Una voluntad de autorregulación que surge de la necesidad de contar con un sistema normativo propio basado en la cultura y la religión de sus miembros, y que se enmarca en el denominado pluralismo jurídico de base religiosa, que aborda la posible coexistencia de dos o más sistemas u ordenamientos normativos. A través de estas propuestas y las controversias a las que ha dado lugar, se manifiesta la implosión jurídica que la diversidad cultural y religiosa ha provocado en las sociedades occidentales y la necesidad de comprenderla para, quizá, aceptarla y, en su debido momento, incluirla.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/45077478" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9b9bbb16e7e810333111eaa6473a62ff" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65906114,"asset_id":45077478,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65906114/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4OTg0OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="552187" href="https://ucm.academia.edu/ChristianBackenk%C3%B6hlerCasaj%C3%BAs">Christian J . 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Una voluntad de autorregulación que surge de la necesidad de contar con un sistema normativo propio basado en la cultura y la religión de sus miembros, y que se enmarca en el denominado pluralismo jurídico de base religiosa, que aborda la posible coexistencia de dos o más sistemas u ordenamientos normativos. A través de estas propuestas y las controversias a las que ha dado lugar, se manifiesta la implosión jurídica que la diversidad cultural y religiosa ha provocado en las sociedades occidentales y la necesidad de comprenderla para, quizá, aceptarla y, en su debido momento, incluirla.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65906114,"asset_id":45077478,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":552187,"first_name":"Christian","last_name":"Backenköhler Casajús","domain_name":"ucm","page_name":"ChristianBackenköhlerCasajús","display_name":"Christian J . 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Pluralism and Cultural Diversity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_Pluralism_and_Cultural_Diversity?f_ri=12978"},{"id":259691,"name":"Shariah and Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shariah_and_Law?f_ri=12978"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7025305" data-work_id="7025305" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7025305/Islam_as_an_Ethical_Tradition_of_International_Relations">Islam as an Ethical Tradition of International Relations</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">The paper discusses the role that Islamic values can play in articulating Islam as an ethical tradition that can shape the international relations.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7025305" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9328eaad8bb0c718034a1073710fac47" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33683063,"asset_id":7025305,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33683063/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4OTg0OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa 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u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27308618/Mirages_in_the_desert_Theorizing_Western_Muslim_identity_across_60_years">Mirages in the desert: Theorizing Western Muslim identity across 60 years</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Theorizations on Western Muslim identity that are multi-layered and grounded in actual Western Muslim experiences are hard to find. Two exceptions to this are The Road to Mecca by Muhammad Asad (1954/2005), and Islam is a Foreign Country... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_27308618" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Theorizations on Western Muslim identity that are multi-layered and<br />grounded in actual Western Muslim experiences are hard to find.<br />Two exceptions to this are The Road to Mecca by Muhammad Asad<br />(1954/2005), and Islam is a Foreign Country by Zareena Grewal<br />(2014), rich texts that span across six decades. Asad’s classic account<br />of a European convert’s nested journeys and Grewal’s historical<br />ethnography of American Muslim student-travelers offer readers an<br />opportunity to examine how theorizing Western Muslim identity<br />has changed and to ask: How does theorizing Western Muslim<br />identity construct itself? What does it construct itself against? What<br />are some of the assumptions and contradictions that it tells us? In<br />this essay review, I look at how travel, particularly travel as a quest<br />for knowledge, has served as a way of becoming a sovereign<br />human subject at home in the West through travel to the East. I<br />argue that, paradoxically, Western Muslims may retrieve sovereignty<br />through a process of becoming Western constructed against an<br />Eastern Other. Juxtaposing Asad’s and Grewal’s writings shows<br />conceptually similar blind spots that reveal the paradox of this<br />pursuit of subjecthood. I argue that the strategies illustrated by the<br />protagonists in the two texts utilize an Orientalist gaze within a<br />framework of a Western human subject that entrenches the eternal<br />Otherness of Western Muslims, even as it secures a Western<br />selfhood for its individual subjects. In doing so, I seek to contribute<br />to a broader debate in curriculum studies on anti-racism,<br />decolonization and racialized minorities by complicating the frame<br />of inclusion for equality.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27308618" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0c0e157d78b6ee78e1dab3e493cd7f82" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48435200,"asset_id":27308618,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48435200/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4OTg0OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1385995" href="https://utoronto.academia.edu/LucyE">Lucy El-Sherif</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1385995" type="text/json">{"id":1385995,"first_name":"Lucy","last_name":"El-Sherif","domain_name":"utoronto","page_name":"LucyE","display_name":"Lucy El-Sherif","profile_url":"https://utoronto.academia.edu/LucyE?f_ri=12978","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1385995/503572/18479833/s65_lucy.el-sherif.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27308618 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27308618"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27308618, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27308618", }); 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Asad’s classic account\nof a European convert’s nested journeys and Grewal’s historical\nethnography of American Muslim student-travelers offer readers an\nopportunity to examine how theorizing Western Muslim identity\nhas changed and to ask: How does theorizing Western Muslim\nidentity construct itself? What does it construct itself against? What\nare some of the assumptions and contradictions that it tells us? In\nthis essay review, I look at how travel, particularly travel as a quest\nfor knowledge, has served as a way of becoming a sovereign\nhuman subject at home in the West through travel to the East. I\nargue that, paradoxically, Western Muslims may retrieve sovereignty\nthrough a process of becoming Western constructed against an\nEastern Other. Juxtaposing Asad’s and Grewal’s writings shows\nconceptually similar blind spots that reveal the paradox of this\npursuit of subjecthood. I argue that the strategies illustrated by the\nprotagonists in the two texts utilize an Orientalist gaze within a\nframework of a Western human subject that entrenches the eternal\nOtherness of Western Muslims, even as it secures a Western\nselfhood for its individual subjects. In doing so, I seek to contribute\nto a broader debate in curriculum studies on anti-racism,\ndecolonization and racialized minorities by complicating the frame\nof inclusion for equality.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48435200,"asset_id":27308618,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1385995,"first_name":"Lucy","last_name":"El-Sherif","domain_name":"utoronto","page_name":"LucyE","display_name":"Lucy El-Sherif","profile_url":"https://utoronto.academia.edu/LucyE?f_ri=12978","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1385995/503572/18479833/s65_lucy.el-sherif.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":972,"name":"Self and Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_and_Identity?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":2860,"name":"Postcolonial Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcolonial_Studies?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":5272,"name":"Identity 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Evaluations</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Recent and past evaluations and comments of students who completed requirements for the core counselor training content from the Online College of Mental Health Counselling at <a href="http://www.collegemhc.com" rel="nofollow">www.collegemhc.com</a></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2025340" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="76a9ffbebbb18427a9cc900f0c24900a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31251668,"asset_id":2025340,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31251668/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4OTg0OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="345752" href="https://collegemhc.academia.edu/DanielKeeran">Daniel M Keeran MSW</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="345752" type="text/json">{"id":345752,"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Keeran MSW","domain_name":"collegemhc","page_name":"DanielKeeran","display_name":"Daniel M Keeran MSW","profile_url":"https://collegemhc.academia.edu/DanielKeeran?f_ri=12978","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/345752/94042/30134256/s65_daniel.keeran_msw.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2025340 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2025340"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2025340, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2025340", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_2025340 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x 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The author argues that the ‘new black’ (or new non-white) is reconstructed under this regime when... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36507188" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Racial profiling is a unique regime of social control specifically due to its reinvention of blackness as a signifier to criminality. The author argues that the ‘new black’ (or new non-white) is reconstructed under this regime when previous regimes did not necessarily criminalize whole groups. This study employs panopticism, and its critique by Foucault, to argue that racial profiling as dressage aims to increase the visibility of black people – control minorities. Its different practices (like Driving While Black) aim to normalize, assimilate, and rehabilitate everyone to one centre. It is done by means of penetrating the consciousness through continuous surveillance, thereby making the black individual an obedient citizen. The article argues also that the expression of social control in the racial profiling regime is spatial too. This means that space is classified so that some activities are criminal only if they occur in the ghetto, or at the borders of white neighbourhoods. Racial profiling serves as a reminder of the black people’s ‘place’. Thus, it is all about the perpetual visibility of the modern individual. The author argues that racial profiling is designed to enhance this visibility. Racial profiling is not the first regime to occur; it succeeded three preceding social control regimes: slavery, Jim Crow, and mass imprisonment. All these regimes are a manifestation of a fundamental structural fault of modern society: racism and inequality. That is the modern state surveillance function. So, the question addressed here is: how does surveillance through police practices shape the modern subject (how is the subject socially produced)?<br />Keywords: racial profiling; surveillance; Driving While Black; disciplined space; ‘new black’; modern individual; panopticism</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36507188" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="deeb9a9bbc45f5437df61d2738a513a0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56427377,"asset_id":36507188,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56427377/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4OTg0OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38763651" href="https://5games.academia.edu/LauraKhoury">لورا الخوري</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38763651" type="text/json">{"id":38763651,"first_name":"لورا","last_name":"الخوري","domain_name":"5games","page_name":"LauraKhoury","display_name":"لورا الخوري","profile_url":"https://5games.academia.edu/LauraKhoury?f_ri=12978","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36507188 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36507188"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36507188, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36507188", }); 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Thus, it is all about the perpetual visibility of the modern individual. The author argues that racial profiling is designed to enhance this visibility. Racial profiling is not the first regime to occur; it succeeded three preceding social control regimes: slavery, Jim Crow, and mass imprisonment. All these regimes are a manifestation of a fundamental structural fault of modern society: racism and inequality. That is the modern state surveillance function. 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Der er skrevet meget om relationer, grupper og inklusion, men fælleskab er i mindre grad et teoretiseret og... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_31323333" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Denne artikel udforsker mulighederne for at udtænke et begreb om fællesskab inden for et poststrukturalistisk paradigme. Der er skrevet meget om relationer, grupper og inklusion, men fælleskab er i mindre grad et teoretiseret og analyseret begreb. Ambitionen er teoretisk at arbejde mig frem til en poststrukturalistisk informeret konceptualisering af fællesskab på basis af en empirisk interesse i at undersøge unge muslimers deltagelse i religiøse fællesskaber i København. Fem dimensioner identificeres som særlig vigtige i denne forbindelse: 1. Fællesskab som proces, 2. Fællesskab som noget, man kan tale om, og som noget, der konstant forhandles, 3. Fællesskab som situeret og forbundet med subjektivering, 4. Fællesskab, som hverken overindividuel eller subjektiv bevægelse og 5. Fællesskab som forbundet med belonging. Artiklen bevæger sig imellem teoretisk og empirisk analyse og inddrager et fokus på belonging som en central dimension i forståelsen af konstruktionen af fællesskaber.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31323333" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="217247b916274369a4019d9ea43bd6db" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51712888,"asset_id":31323333,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51712888/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4OTg0OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32204540" href="https://independent.academia.edu/IramKhawaja">Iram Khawaja</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32204540" type="text/json">{"id":32204540,"first_name":"Iram","last_name":"Khawaja","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IramKhawaja","display_name":"Iram Khawaja","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IramKhawaja?f_ri=12978","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32204540/9625359/18014021/s65_iram.khawaja.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31323333 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31323333"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31323333, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31323333", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31323333]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_31323333").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_31323333").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="31323333"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3354" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poststructuralism">Poststructuralism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3354" type="text/json">{"id":3354,"name":"Poststructuralism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poststructuralism?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12978" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_Minorities">Muslim Minorities</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12978" type="text/json">{"id":12978,"name":"Muslim Minorities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_Minorities?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17656" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community">Community</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17656" type="text/json">{"id":17656,"name":"Community","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="34292" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poststructuralist_Theory">Poststructuralist Theory</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="34292" type="text/json">{"id":34292,"name":"Poststructuralist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poststructuralist_Theory?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=31323333]'), work: {"id":31323333,"title":"FÆLLESSKAB SOM FÆLLESGØRENDE BEVÆGELSE? – MUSLIMSKHED, FÆLLESHED OG BELONGING","created_at":"2017-02-09T02:45:11.627-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/31323333/F%C3%86LLESSKAB_SOM_F%C3%86LLESG%C3%98RENDE_BEV%C3%86GELSE_MUSLIMSKHED_F%C3%86LLESHED_OG_BELONGING?f_ri=12978","dom_id":"work_31323333","summary":"Denne artikel udforsker mulighederne for at udtænke et begreb om fællesskab inden for et poststrukturalistisk paradigme. Der er skrevet meget om relationer, grupper og inklusion, men fælleskab er i mindre grad et teoretiseret og analyseret begreb. Ambitionen er teoretisk at arbejde mig frem til en poststrukturalistisk informeret konceptualisering af fællesskab på basis af en empirisk interesse i at undersøge unge muslimers deltagelse i religiøse fællesskaber i København. Fem dimensioner identificeres som særlig vigtige i denne forbindelse: 1. Fællesskab som proces, 2. Fællesskab som noget, man kan tale om, og som noget, der konstant forhandles, 3. Fællesskab som situeret og forbundet med subjektivering, 4. Fællesskab, som hverken overindividuel eller subjektiv bevægelse og 5. Fællesskab som forbundet med belonging. Artiklen bevæger sig imellem teoretisk og empirisk analyse og inddrager et fokus på belonging som en central dimension i forståelsen af konstruktionen af fællesskaber.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51712888,"asset_id":31323333,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32204540,"first_name":"Iram","last_name":"Khawaja","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IramKhawaja","display_name":"Iram Khawaja","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IramKhawaja?f_ri=12978","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32204540/9625359/18014021/s65_iram.khawaja.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3354,"name":"Poststructuralism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poststructuralism?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":12978,"name":"Muslim 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and policies</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1619030" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="70cfecaee892d66c39551ec1a5b355d0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":16044404,"asset_id":1619030,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/16044404/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4OTg0OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="886395" href="https://city.academia.edu/SaraSilvestri">Sara Silvestri</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="886395" type="text/json">{"id":886395,"first_name":"Sara","last_name":"Silvestri","domain_name":"city","page_name":"SaraSilvestri","display_name":"Sara 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{"id":1619030,"title":"Institutionalising British and Italian Islam: attitudes and policies","created_at":"2012-06-04T04:57:32.753-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1619030/Institutionalising_British_and_Italian_Islam_attitudes_and_policies?f_ri=12978","dom_id":"work_1619030","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":16044404,"asset_id":1619030,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":886395,"first_name":"Sara","last_name":"Silvestri","domain_name":"city","page_name":"SaraSilvestri","display_name":"Sara Silvestri","profile_url":"https://city.academia.edu/SaraSilvestri?f_ri=12978","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/886395/322944/1809188/s65_sara.silvestri.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":383,"name":"European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":797,"name":"International 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u-mb0x js-work-card work_63649617" data-work_id="63649617" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/63649617/Luchando_contra_la_subalternidad_las_reivindicaciones_de_la_poblaci%C3%B3n_musulmana_en_Madrid_Fighting_subalternity_claims_among_the_Muslim_population_in_Madrid">Luchando contra la subalternidad: las reivindicaciones de la población musulmana en Madrid Fighting subalternity: claims among the Muslim population in Madrid</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In the current context of generalized Islamophobia and the proliferation of anti-discrimination organizations, this article aims to analyze the willingness of Muslims to participate in some kind of common initiative, focused or not on the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_63649617" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In the current context of generalized Islamophobia and the proliferation of anti-discrimination organizations, this article aims to analyze the willingness of Muslims to participate in some kind of common initiative, focused or not on the fight against discrimination. The objective is to find out if among Muslims in Madrid a common awareness of subalternity exists, based on their Muslimness, which structures any expression of claims-making, whether collectively organized or not. We investigate the nature of such claims by applying Fraser’s status model (2000) to the materials obtained from six discussion groups held in October 2016.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/63649617" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b05541d2cac3be7c1353d16461953561" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":76009067,"asset_id":63649617,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76009067/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4OTg1MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="16489563" href="https://ucm.academia.edu/LMijares">Laura Mijares</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="16489563" type="text/json">{"id":16489563,"first_name":"Laura","last_name":"Mijares","domain_name":"ucm","page_name":"LMijares","display_name":"Laura Mijares","profile_url":"https://ucm.academia.edu/LMijares?f_ri=12978","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/16489563/4494279/15026910/s65_laura.mijares.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_63649617 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="63649617"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 63649617, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_63649617", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_63649617 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 63649617; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_63649617"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_63649617 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="63649617"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 63649617; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=63649617]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_63649617").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_63649617").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="63649617"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7419" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islam_in_Europe">Islam in Europe</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7419" type="text/json">{"id":7419,"name":"Islam in Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islam_in_Europe?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12978" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_Minorities">Muslim Minorities</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12978" type="text/json">{"id":12978,"name":"Muslim Minorities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_Minorities?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17501" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamophobia">Islamophobia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17501" type="text/json">{"id":17501,"name":"Islamophobia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamophobia?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="170832" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_participation_of_ethnic_minorities">Political participation of ethnic minorities</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="170832" type="text/json">{"id":170832,"name":"Political participation of ethnic minorities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_participation_of_ethnic_minorities?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=63649617]'), work: {"id":63649617,"title":"Luchando contra la subalternidad: las reivindicaciones de la población musulmana en Madrid Fighting subalternity: claims among the Muslim population in Madrid","created_at":"2021-12-09T05:56:04.315-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/63649617/Luchando_contra_la_subalternidad_las_reivindicaciones_de_la_poblaci%C3%B3n_musulmana_en_Madrid_Fighting_subalternity_claims_among_the_Muslim_population_in_Madrid?f_ri=12978","dom_id":"work_63649617","summary":"In the current context of generalized Islamophobia and the proliferation of anti-discrimination organizations, this article aims to analyze the willingness of Muslims to participate in some kind of common initiative, focused or not on the fight against discrimination. The objective is to find out if among Muslims in Madrid a common awareness of subalternity exists, based on their Muslimness, which structures any expression of claims-making, whether collectively organized or not. We investigate the nature of such claims by applying Fraser’s status model (2000) to the materials obtained from six discussion groups held in October 2016.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":76009067,"asset_id":63649617,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":16489563,"first_name":"Laura","last_name":"Mijares","domain_name":"ucm","page_name":"LMijares","display_name":"Laura Mijares","profile_url":"https://ucm.academia.edu/LMijares?f_ri=12978","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/16489563/4494279/15026910/s65_laura.mijares.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7419,"name":"Islam in Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islam_in_Europe?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":12978,"name":"Muslim Minorities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_Minorities?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":17501,"name":"Islamophobia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamophobia?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":170832,"name":"Political participation of ethnic minorities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_participation_of_ethnic_minorities?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":510490,"name":"Subalternity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Subalternity?f_ri=12978"},{"id":640822,"name":"Islam In Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islam_In_Europe-1?f_ri=12978"},{"id":1008054,"name":"Islamophobia In Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamophobia_In_Europe?f_ri=12978"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_30231545" data-work_id="30231545" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30231545/Handicap_in_Islamitisch_perspectief">Handicap in Islamitisch perspectief</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Mensen met een beperking krijgen van moslimgemeenschap in Nederland en (in het Westen) niet de aandacht die zij vanuit religieus, historisch en maatschappelijk oogpunt verdienen. En meer nog dan materiële zorg hebben zij behoefte aan... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_30231545" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Mensen met een beperking krijgen van moslimgemeenschap in Nederland en (in het Westen) niet de aandacht die zij vanuit religieus, historisch en maatschappelijk oogpunt verdienen. En meer nog dan materiële zorg hebben zij behoefte aan geestelijke zorg, aldus de auteur Tijani Boulaouali.<br />-----------------------------------<br />People with disabilities do not get the attention of Muslim community in the Netherlands and (in the West) that they deserve from a religious, historical and social perspective. And even more than material care they need spiritual care, says the author Tijani Boulaouali.<br />-------------------------------------<br />الشريحة ذات الاحتياجات الخاصة لا تتلقى الاهتمام الكافي من المجتمع الإسلامي في هولندا والغرب، الذي يضمنه لها الدين الإسلامي. وأكثر من ذلك فهي لا تحتاج الرعاية المادية فقط، بل العناية الروحية أيضا، حسب التجاني بولعوالي.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30231545" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e5026c4836387cb205333019d0f46139" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50692869,"asset_id":30231545,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50692869/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4OTg1MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5165597" href="https://kuleuven.academia.edu/TijaniBoulaouali">Tijani Boulaouali</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5165597" type="text/json">{"id":5165597,"first_name":"Tijani","last_name":"Boulaouali","domain_name":"kuleuven","page_name":"TijaniBoulaouali","display_name":"Tijani Boulaouali","profile_url":"https://kuleuven.academia.edu/TijaniBoulaouali?f_ri=12978","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5165597/2272393/95377897/s65_tijani.boulaouali.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_30231545 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="30231545"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 30231545, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_30231545", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_30231545 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30231545; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_30231545"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_30231545 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="30231545"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30231545; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30231545]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_30231545").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_30231545").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="30231545"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1302" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theology">Theology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1302" type="text/json">{"id":1302,"name":"Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theology?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2592" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights">Human Rights</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2592" type="text/json">{"id":2592,"name":"Human Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5321" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Human_Rights_Law">International Human Rights Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5321" type="text/json">{"id":5321,"name":"International Human Rights Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Human_Rights_Law?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11150" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies">Islamic Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="11150" type="text/json">{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=30231545]'), work: {"id":30231545,"title":"Handicap in Islamitisch perspectief","created_at":"2016-12-03T05:13:22.116-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/30231545/Handicap_in_Islamitisch_perspectief?f_ri=12978","dom_id":"work_30231545","summary":"Mensen met een beperking krijgen van moslimgemeenschap in Nederland en (in het Westen) niet de aandacht die zij vanuit religieus, historisch en maatschappelijk oogpunt verdienen. En meer nog dan materiële zorg hebben zij behoefte aan geestelijke zorg, aldus de auteur Tijani Boulaouali.\n-----------------------------------\nPeople with disabilities do not get the attention of Muslim community in the Netherlands and (in the West) that they deserve from a religious, historical and social perspective. And even more than material care they need spiritual care, says the author Tijani Boulaouali.\n-------------------------------------\nالشريحة ذات الاحتياجات الخاصة لا تتلقى الاهتمام الكافي من المجتمع الإسلامي في هولندا والغرب، الذي يضمنه لها الدين الإسلامي. وأكثر من ذلك فهي لا تحتاج الرعاية المادية فقط، بل العناية الروحية أيضا، حسب التجاني بولعوالي.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50692869,"asset_id":30231545,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5165597,"first_name":"Tijani","last_name":"Boulaouali","domain_name":"kuleuven","page_name":"TijaniBoulaouali","display_name":"Tijani Boulaouali","profile_url":"https://kuleuven.academia.edu/TijaniBoulaouali?f_ri=12978","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5165597/2272393/95377897/s65_tijani.boulaouali.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1302,"name":"Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theology?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":2592,"name":"Human Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":5321,"name":"International Human Rights Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Human_Rights_Law?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":12978,"name":"Muslim Minorities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_Minorities?f_ri=12978"},{"id":14970,"name":"Muslims in Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslims_in_Europe?f_ri=12978"},{"id":15866,"name":"Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islam?f_ri=12978"},{"id":37114,"name":"Islam and the West","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islam_and_the_West-1?f_ri=12978"},{"id":86357,"name":"Handicap","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Handicap?f_ri=12978"},{"id":95178,"name":"Islamic Classical Jurisprudence (fiqh)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Classical_Jurisprudence_fiqh_?f_ri=12978"},{"id":157892,"name":"Netherlands","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Netherlands?f_ri=12978"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2222313" data-work_id="2222313" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2222313/Coping_with_Islamophobia_The_effects_of_religious_stigma_on_Muslim_minorities_identity_formation">Coping with Islamophobia: The effects of religious stigma on Muslim minorities' identity formation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Islamophobic sentiments in the Western world have gained scientific attention, particularly after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. However, the effects of religious stigma on Muslim minorities’ identity formation have rarely... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2222313" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Islamophobic sentiments in the Western world have gained scientific attention, particularly after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. However, the effects of religious stigma on Muslim minorities’ identity formation have rarely been studied. Using structural equation modeling, this cross-sectional study examined direct and indirect effects of different forms of religious stigma on the national affiliation of 210 Norwegian-Pakistani and 216 German-Turkish Muslims. Furthermore, the study examined the mediator role of religious identity. Our results suggest that being a Muslim in Norway is more reconcilable with affiliating with the nation than being a Muslim in Germany. However, across the samples, the results indicated that various forms of religious stigma affected Muslims’ national identity and engagement in the public and private sphere in distinct ways. These effects were both positive and negative, differed between the two samples, and in Germany, were mediated by the participants’ religious identity. The findings indicated that the ways in which religious stigma influences Muslims’ national affiliation is context and culture bound.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2222313" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="db76b77d1196d5141a29e7200420b8bd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30275844,"asset_id":2222313,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30275844/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4OTg1MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2828659" href="https://uio.academia.edu/JonasKunst">Jonas Kunst</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2828659" type="text/json">{"id":2828659,"first_name":"Jonas","last_name":"Kunst","domain_name":"uio","page_name":"JonasKunst","display_name":"Jonas Kunst","profile_url":"https://uio.academia.edu/JonasKunst?f_ri=12978","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2828659/1051725/3929103/s65_jonas.kunst.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2222313 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2222313"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2222313, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2222313", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2222313]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2222313").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2222313").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2222313"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">48</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="106" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion">Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="106" type="text/json">{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="184" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology">Sociology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="184" type="text/json">{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="217" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Religion">Sociology of Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="217" type="text/json">{"id":217,"name":"Sociology of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Religion?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2222313]'), work: {"id":2222313,"title":"Coping with Islamophobia: The effects of religious stigma on Muslim minorities' identity formation","created_at":"2012-11-30T04:55:05.894-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2222313/Coping_with_Islamophobia_The_effects_of_religious_stigma_on_Muslim_minorities_identity_formation?f_ri=12978","dom_id":"work_2222313","summary":"Islamophobic sentiments in the Western world have gained scientific attention, particularly after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. However, the effects of religious stigma on Muslim minorities’ identity formation have rarely been studied. Using structural equation modeling, this cross-sectional study examined direct and indirect effects of different forms of religious stigma on the national affiliation of 210 Norwegian-Pakistani and 216 German-Turkish Muslims. Furthermore, the study examined the mediator role of religious identity. Our results suggest that being a Muslim in Norway is more reconcilable with affiliating with the nation than being a Muslim in Germany. However, across the samples, the results indicated that various forms of religious stigma affected Muslims’ national identity and engagement in the public and private sphere in distinct ways. These effects were both positive and negative, differed between the two samples, and in Germany, were mediated by the participants’ religious identity. The findings indicated that the ways in which religious stigma influences Muslims’ national affiliation is context and culture bound.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30275844,"asset_id":2222313,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2828659,"first_name":"Jonas","last_name":"Kunst","domain_name":"uio","page_name":"JonasKunst","display_name":"Jonas Kunst","profile_url":"https://uio.academia.edu/JonasKunst?f_ri=12978","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2828659/1051725/3929103/s65_jonas.kunst.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":217,"name":"Sociology of 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Islamophobia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Racism_Identity_Islamophobia?f_ri=12978"},{"id":120972,"name":"Muslims","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslims?f_ri=12978"},{"id":166370,"name":"Islamophobia and Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamophobia_and_Media?f_ri=12978"},{"id":241436,"name":"Intercultural training","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intercultural_training?f_ri=12978"},{"id":960705,"name":"Ethno Religious Conflicts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethno_Religious_Conflicts?f_ri=12978"},{"id":960707,"name":"Identity Conflicts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Identity_Conflicts?f_ri=12978"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43892835 coauthored" data-work_id="43892835" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43892835/Islam_in_Australia_A_National_Survey_of_Muslim_Australian_Citizens_and_Permanent_Residents">Islam in Australia: A National Survey of Muslim Australian Citizens and Permanent Residents</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article presents the findings of a national survey on Islam in Australia based on responses of 1034 Muslim Australian citizens and permanent residents. Knowing what Muslim Australians think about Islam in relation to Australian... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43892835" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article presents the findings of a national survey on Islam in Australia based on responses of 1034 Muslim Australian citizens and permanent residents. Knowing what Muslim Australians think about Islam in relation to Australian society is essential for a more informed understanding about Islam and Muslims needed to address misinformation, Islamophobia, and extremism. The findings presented in this article include typologies of Muslims; sources of influence concerning Islam; interpretations of the Qur'an; perspectives on ethical, social, and theological issues; issues of concern; social connections and sense of belonging; views on various Muslim-majority countries; and perspectives concerning political Islam, including jihad, caliphate, and shariah. While respondents' understandings, interpretations, and expressions of Islam overall align with values and principles of equality, human rights, social cohesion, and social justice, a minority were found to understand and interpret Islam in ways that reflect the influence of late 20th and early 21st century ideas associated with Islamist political ideology, and a smaller subgroup were found to have views that could be considered extreme. This article discusses these findings in relation to the early 21st century time-period factors and the Australian social context.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43892835" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7c1e25bd819eb90880b5587024254813" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64215789,"asset_id":43892835,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64215789/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4OTg1MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="43855" href="https://griffith.academia.edu/HalimRane">Halim Rane</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="43855" type="text/json">{"id":43855,"first_name":"Halim","last_name":"Rane","domain_name":"griffith","page_name":"HalimRane","display_name":"Halim Rane","profile_url":"https://griffith.academia.edu/HalimRane?f_ri=12978","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/43855/14076/26499575/s65_halim.rane.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-43892835">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-43892835"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://griffith.academia.edu/AdisDuderija">Adis Duderija</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-43892835'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-43892835').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43892835 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43892835"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43892835, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43892835", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_43892835 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43892835; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_43892835"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); 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Knowing what Muslim Australians think about Islam in relation to Australian society is essential for a more informed understanding about Islam and Muslims needed to address misinformation, Islamophobia, and extremism. The findings presented in this article include typologies of Muslims; sources of influence concerning Islam; interpretations of the Qur'an; perspectives on ethical, social, and theological issues; issues of concern; social connections and sense of belonging; views on various Muslim-majority countries; and perspectives concerning political Islam, including jihad, caliphate, and shariah. While respondents' understandings, interpretations, and expressions of Islam overall align with values and principles of equality, human rights, social cohesion, and social justice, a minority were found to understand and interpret Islam in ways that reflect the influence of late 20th and early 21st century ideas associated with Islamist political ideology, and a smaller subgroup were found to have views that could be considered extreme. This article discusses these findings in relation to the early 21st century time-period factors and the Australian social context.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64215789,"asset_id":43892835,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":43855,"first_name":"Halim","last_name":"Rane","domain_name":"griffith","page_name":"HalimRane","display_name":"Halim Rane","profile_url":"https://griffith.academia.edu/HalimRane?f_ri=12978","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/43855/14076/26499575/s65_halim.rane.jpg"},{"id":163324,"first_name":"Adis","last_name":"Duderija","domain_name":"griffith","page_name":"AdisDuderija","display_name":"Adis Duderija","profile_url":"https://griffith.academia.edu/AdisDuderija?f_ri=12978","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/163324/41597/16574047/s65_adis.duderija.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic 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u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">This is a marketing abstract from my book – pages 1 to 10 of the first chapter.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/32316435" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a34ee3ca6ac43a4bbf5b5c17cb5cda55" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52528506,"asset_id":32316435,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52528506/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4OTg1MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3811974" href="https://upenn.academia.edu/HeatherSharkey">Heather J Sharkey</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3811974" type="text/json">{"id":3811974,"first_name":"Heather","last_name":"Sharkey","domain_name":"upenn","page_name":"HeatherSharkey","display_name":"Heather J Sharkey","profile_url":"https://upenn.academia.edu/HeatherSharkey?f_ri=12978","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3811974/1386937/94245713/s65_heather.sharkey.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_32316435 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="32316435"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32316435, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_32316435", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_32316435 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32316435; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_32316435"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_32316435 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="32316435"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32316435; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32316435]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_32316435").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_32316435").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="32316435"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2015" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies">Middle East Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2015" type="text/json">{"id":2015,"name":"Middle East Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2471" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Christianity">History of Christianity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2471" type="text/json">{"id":2471,"name":"History of Christianity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Christianity?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10947" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish_-_Christian_Relations">Jewish - Christian Relations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10947" type="text/json">{"id":10947,"name":"Jewish - Christian Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish_-_Christian_Relations?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12029" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Middle_East_History">Modern Middle East History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12029" type="text/json">{"id":12029,"name":"Modern Middle East History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Middle_East_History?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=32316435]'), work: {"id":32316435,"title":"A History of Muslims, Christians, and Jews in the Middle East: Marketing Excerpt","created_at":"2017-04-07T05:56:46.419-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/32316435/A_History_of_Muslims_Christians_and_Jews_in_the_Middle_East_Marketing_Excerpt?f_ri=12978","dom_id":"work_32316435","summary":"This is a marketing abstract from my book – pages 1 to 10 of the first chapter.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52528506,"asset_id":32316435,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3811974,"first_name":"Heather","last_name":"Sharkey","domain_name":"upenn","page_name":"HeatherSharkey","display_name":"Heather J Sharkey","profile_url":"https://upenn.academia.edu/HeatherSharkey?f_ri=12978","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3811974/1386937/94245713/s65_heather.sharkey.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2015,"name":"Middle East Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":2471,"name":"History of Christianity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Christianity?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":10947,"name":"Jewish - Christian Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish_-_Christian_Relations?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":12029,"name":"Modern Middle East History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Middle_East_History?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":12978,"name":"Muslim Minorities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_Minorities?f_ri=12978"},{"id":18385,"name":"Social History Of Modern Middle East","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_History_Of_Modern_Middle_East?f_ri=12978"},{"id":20634,"name":"Muslim-Christian Relation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim-Christian_Relation?f_ri=12978"},{"id":23395,"name":"Jewish-Muslim Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish-Muslim_Relations?f_ri=12978"},{"id":28247,"name":"Modern Jewish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Jewish_History?f_ri=12978"},{"id":33008,"name":"Sectarianism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sectarianism?f_ri=12978"},{"id":35175,"name":"Middle Eastern Christianity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_Eastern_Christianity?f_ri=12978"},{"id":45018,"name":"Islamic History and Muslim Civilization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_History_and_Muslim_Civilization?f_ri=12978"},{"id":556246,"name":"History of Jewish-Muslim Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Jewish-Muslim_Relations?f_ri=12978"},{"id":695530,"name":"Islamic Sectarianism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Sectarianism?f_ri=12978"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_16336353" data-work_id="16336353" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16336353/Not_Too_College_Like_Not_Too_Normal_American_Muslim_Undergraduate_Women_s_Gendered_Discourses">Not Too “College-Like,” Not Too Normal: American Muslim Undergraduate Women’s Gendered Discourses</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Building on an ethnographic study of American Muslim undergraduate women at two universities in Washington, D.C., I examine undergraduate Muslim women’s construction of gendered discourses. Stereotypes feed into both majority and minority... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_16336353" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Building on an ethnographic study of American Muslim undergraduate women at two universities in Washington, D.C., I examine undergraduate Muslim women’s construction of gendered discourses. Stereotypes feed into both majority and minority constructions of Muslim women’s gendered identities. I highlight Muslim women’s resistance to and adoption of such stereotypes as they construct various modalities of interaction with men on cam- pus. [higher education, gender, Muslim women, ethnography, sexuality]</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/16336353" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9e818b2c3cda1a57726d3fbc20585ee6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38948827,"asset_id":16336353,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38948827/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4OTg1MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="118657" href="https://aicusa.academia.edu/ShabanaMir">Shabana Mir</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="118657" type="text/json">{"id":118657,"first_name":"Shabana","last_name":"Mir","domain_name":"aicusa","page_name":"ShabanaMir","display_name":"Shabana Mir","profile_url":"https://aicusa.academia.edu/ShabanaMir?f_ri=12978","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/118657/31880/3162692/s65_shabana.mir.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_16336353 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="16336353"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 16336353, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_16336353", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=16336353]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_16336353").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_16336353").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="16336353"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="696" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies">Gender Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="696" type="text/json">{"id":696,"name":"Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4714" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sexuality">Sexuality</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4714" type="text/json">{"id":4714,"name":"Sexuality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sexuality?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12978" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_Minorities">Muslim Minorities</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12978" type="text/json">{"id":12978,"name":"Muslim Minorities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_Minorities?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15866" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islam">Islam</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15866" type="text/json">{"id":15866,"name":"Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islam?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=16336353]'), work: {"id":16336353,"title":"Not Too “College-Like,” Not Too Normal: American Muslim Undergraduate Women’s Gendered Discourses","created_at":"2015-09-30T14:59:39.384-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/16336353/Not_Too_College_Like_Not_Too_Normal_American_Muslim_Undergraduate_Women_s_Gendered_Discourses?f_ri=12978","dom_id":"work_16336353","summary":"Building on an ethnographic study of American Muslim undergraduate women at two universities in Washington, D.C., I examine undergraduate Muslim women’s construction of gendered discourses. Stereotypes feed into both majority and minority constructions of Muslim women’s gendered identities. I highlight Muslim women’s resistance to and adoption of such stereotypes as they construct various modalities of interaction with men on cam- pus. [higher education, gender, Muslim women, ethnography, sexuality]","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38948827,"asset_id":16336353,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":118657,"first_name":"Shabana","last_name":"Mir","domain_name":"aicusa","page_name":"ShabanaMir","display_name":"Shabana Mir","profile_url":"https://aicusa.academia.edu/ShabanaMir?f_ri=12978","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/118657/31880/3162692/s65_shabana.mir.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":696,"name":"Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":4714,"name":"Sexuality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sexuality?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":12978,"name":"Muslim Minorities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_Minorities?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":15866,"name":"Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islam?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":18004,"name":"Equity and Social Justice in Higher Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Equity_and_Social_Justice_in_Higher_Education?f_ri=12978"},{"id":25696,"name":"College student development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/College_student_development?f_ri=12978"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_909004 coauthored" data-work_id="909004" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/909004/Predispositions_to_Discriminatory_Immigration_Policies_in_Western_Europe_An_Exploration_of_Political_Causes">Predispositions to Discriminatory Immigration Policies in Western Europe: An Exploration of Political Causes</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We analyze citizens’ predispositions concerning policies of immigrant selectionand models of immigrant accommodation as observed by the 2002–3 EuropeanSocial Survey. We focus on some of the EU’s major countries, namely: Germany,Italy,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_909004" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We analyze citizens’ predispositions concerning policies of immigrant selectionand models of immigrant accommodation as observed by the 2002–3 EuropeanSocial Survey. We focus on some of the EU’s major countries, namely: Germany,Italy, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom, which were chosenbecause of their different experiences as migration destinations, as well as for the relevance of their immigration policy models and welfare states. On this basis, we compare citizens’ attitudinal inclinations with the policies actually being implemented, and propose interpretations concerning the degree of consistency between both levels. Firstly, we consider attitudes and policies in respect of the discrimination faced by immigrants according to their country of origin and/or economic resources. Secondly, we analyze the attitudes and policies with regard to assimilationist and multicultural integration models. Finally, we examine the recognition of certain rights to migrants.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/909004" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a646ac4fad3a89d0485a97d11191344b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":5502552,"asset_id":909004,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/5502552/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4OTg1MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="711642" href="https://upf.academia.edu/EnricMartinezHerrera">Enric Martinez-Herrera</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="711642" type="text/json">{"id":711642,"first_name":"Enric","last_name":"Martinez-Herrera","domain_name":"upf","page_name":"EnricMartinezHerrera","display_name":"Enric Martinez-Herrera","profile_url":"https://upf.academia.edu/EnricMartinezHerrera?f_ri=12978","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/711642/241158/285152/s65_enric.martinez.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-909004">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-909004"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://ortegaygasset.academia.edu/djaouidamoualhi">djaouida moualhi</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-909004'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-909004').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_909004 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="909004"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 909004, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_909004", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_909004 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 909004; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_909004"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_909004 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="909004"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 909004; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=909004]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_909004").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_909004").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="909004"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3277" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Racism">Race and Racism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3277" type="text/json">{"id":3277,"name":"Race and Racism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Racism?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3843" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immigration">Immigration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3843" type="text/json">{"id":3843,"name":"Immigration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immigration?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12978" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_Minorities">Muslim Minorities</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12978" type="text/json">{"id":12978,"name":"Muslim Minorities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_Minorities?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18338" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attitudes_Social_Psychology_">Attitudes (Social Psychology)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="18338" type="text/json">{"id":18338,"name":"Attitudes (Social Psychology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attitudes_Social_Psychology_?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=909004]'), work: {"id":909004,"title":"Predispositions to Discriminatory Immigration Policies in Western Europe: An Exploration of Political Causes","created_at":"2011-09-12T12:42:26.642-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/909004/Predispositions_to_Discriminatory_Immigration_Policies_in_Western_Europe_An_Exploration_of_Political_Causes?f_ri=12978","dom_id":"work_909004","summary":"We analyze citizens’ predispositions concerning policies of immigrant selectionand models of immigrant accommodation as observed by the 2002–3 EuropeanSocial Survey. We focus on some of the EU’s major countries, namely: Germany,Italy, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom, which were chosenbecause of their different experiences as migration destinations, as well as for the relevance of their immigration policy models and welfare states. On this basis, we compare citizens’ attitudinal inclinations with the policies actually being implemented, and propose interpretations concerning the degree of consistency between both levels. Firstly, we consider attitudes and policies in respect of the discrimination faced by immigrants according to their country of origin and/or economic resources. Secondly, we analyze the attitudes and policies with regard to assimilationist and multicultural integration models. Finally, we examine the recognition of certain rights to migrants.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":5502552,"asset_id":909004,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":711642,"first_name":"Enric","last_name":"Martinez-Herrera","domain_name":"upf","page_name":"EnricMartinezHerrera","display_name":"Enric Martinez-Herrera","profile_url":"https://upf.academia.edu/EnricMartinezHerrera?f_ri=12978","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/711642/241158/285152/s65_enric.martinez.jpg"},{"id":7502412,"first_name":"djaouida","last_name":"moualhi","domain_name":"ortegaygasset","page_name":"djaouidamoualhi","display_name":"djaouida moualhi","profile_url":"https://ortegaygasset.academia.edu/djaouidamoualhi?f_ri=12978","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3277,"name":"Race and Racism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Racism?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":3843,"name":"Immigration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immigration?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":12978,"name":"Muslim Minorities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_Minorities?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":18338,"name":"Attitudes (Social Psychology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attitudes_Social_Psychology_?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":120558,"name":"Xenophobia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Xenophobia?f_ri=12978"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_64675490" data-work_id="64675490" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/64675490/Fecund_mullas_and_goni_billas_gendered_nature_of_anti_Muslim_rhetoric_in_post_war_Sri_Lanka">Fecund mullas and goni billas: gendered nature of anti Muslim rhetoric in post-war Sri Lanka</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Issues that are prominent within the anti-Muslim hate discourse that pervaded Sri Lanka in recent years are the speed at which the Muslim community is increasing its numbers—they are said to become a majority in a few decades; as well as... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_64675490" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Issues that are prominent within the anti-Muslim hate discourse that pervaded Sri Lanka in recent years are the speed at which the Muslim community is increasing its numbers—they are said to become a majority in a few decades; as well as Muslim women’s dress- the hijab nikab and abhaya. Certain Muslim interlocutors’ own responses have included defending the hijab as protecting women from violence, and urging that the state institute measures to increase the Sinhalese population. Ironically the latter was also the position of the Bodu Bala Sena the group propagating anti- Muslim sentiment; and the government responded to the position and institutionalized it by way of a health ministry circular banning NGO programs in reproductive health. I look at the manner in which gender orders became reorganized in the aftermath of the state’s military victory over the rebel group the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam in 2009 as a consequence of militarism. This reordering is reflected both in th...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/64675490" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a3d156e2ac0e3786dd8a13bc212a0f36" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":76602268,"asset_id":64675490,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76602268/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4OTg1MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="9545058" href="https://cmb.academia.edu/FarzanaHaniffa">Farzana Haniffa</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="9545058" type="text/json">{"id":9545058,"first_name":"Farzana","last_name":"Haniffa","domain_name":"cmb","page_name":"FarzanaHaniffa","display_name":"Farzana Haniffa","profile_url":"https://cmb.academia.edu/FarzanaHaniffa?f_ri=12978","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9545058/9060955/10107749/s65_farzana.haniffa.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_64675490 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="64675490"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 64675490, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_64675490", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=64675490]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_64675490").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_64675490").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="64675490"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="696" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies">Gender Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="696" type="text/json">{"id":696,"name":"Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3558" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Asian_Studies">South Asian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3558" type="text/json">{"id":3558,"name":"South Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Asian_Studies?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4486" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science">Political Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4486" type="text/json">{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9086" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hate_Speech">Hate Speech</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9086" type="text/json">{"id":9086,"name":"Hate Speech","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hate_Speech?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=64675490]'), work: {"id":64675490,"title":"Fecund mullas and goni billas: gendered nature of anti Muslim rhetoric in post-war Sri Lanka","created_at":"2021-12-16T19:27:25.348-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/64675490/Fecund_mullas_and_goni_billas_gendered_nature_of_anti_Muslim_rhetoric_in_post_war_Sri_Lanka?f_ri=12978","dom_id":"work_64675490","summary":"Issues that are prominent within the anti-Muslim hate discourse that pervaded Sri Lanka in recent years are the speed at which the Muslim community is increasing its numbers—they are said to become a majority in a few decades; as well as Muslim women’s dress- the hijab nikab and abhaya. Certain Muslim interlocutors’ own responses have included defending the hijab as protecting women from violence, and urging that the state institute measures to increase the Sinhalese population. Ironically the latter was also the position of the Bodu Bala Sena the group propagating anti- Muslim sentiment; and the government responded to the position and institutionalized it by way of a health ministry circular banning NGO programs in reproductive health. I look at the manner in which gender orders became reorganized in the aftermath of the state’s military victory over the rebel group the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam in 2009 as a consequence of militarism. This reordering is reflected both in th...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":76602268,"asset_id":64675490,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":9545058,"first_name":"Farzana","last_name":"Haniffa","domain_name":"cmb","page_name":"FarzanaHaniffa","display_name":"Farzana Haniffa","profile_url":"https://cmb.academia.edu/FarzanaHaniffa?f_ri=12978","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9545058/9060955/10107749/s65_farzana.haniffa.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":696,"name":"Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":3558,"name":"South Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Asian_Studies?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":9086,"name":"Hate Speech","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hate_Speech?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":9850,"name":"Sri Lanka","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sri_Lanka?f_ri=12978"},{"id":12978,"name":"Muslim Minorities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_Minorities?f_ri=12978"},{"id":17902,"name":"Gender and religion (Women s Studies)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_and_religion_Women_s_Studies_?f_ri=12978"},{"id":21622,"name":"Dress and identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dress_and_identity?f_ri=12978"},{"id":107947,"name":"Anthropology of Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology_of_Islam?f_ri=12978"},{"id":681770,"name":"Religous Hate Speech","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religous_Hate_Speech?f_ri=12978"},{"id":924737,"name":"Buddhist-Muslim Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Buddhist-Muslim_Relations?f_ri=12978"},{"id":1223711,"name":"Contemporary Muslim society","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_Muslim_society?f_ri=12978"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43317857" data-work_id="43317857" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43317857/The_School_as_a_Double_Edged_Panopticon_Increased_Anxiety_and_Deflated_Islamic_Identities_A_Child_Centered_Perspective_on_the_Trojan_Horse_Affair">The School as a Double-Edged Panopticon-Increased Anxiety and Deflated Islamic Identities: A Child-Centered Perspective on the Trojan Horse Affair</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Trojan Hose Affair scandal alleged that there was a hardline extremist Islamism plot to take over British state schools in Birmingham. While commu- nity groups and government officials battled to take control of the narrative, the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43317857" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Trojan Hose Affair scandal alleged that there was a hardline extremist Islamism plot to take over British state schools in Birmingham. While commu- nity groups and government officials battled to take control of the narrative, the pupils who were ultimately at the center of the scandal, were not con- sidered. This paper is based on research conducted in 2015, with students at one of the schools implicated in the Trojan Horse Affair. Through seven one-to-one interviews and a group discussion, the research finds that students portrayed their selves in a state of constant psychological reconciliation due to the heightened mediatization, racialization, and securitization of Islam and Muslims, during and after the Trojan Horse affair. This caused increased levels of anxiety in students, which peaked around the constant surveillance through the gaze of the media, teachers, and Ofsted inspectors, creating a double-edged Panopticon. The paper particularly underscores student concerns for potential social exclusion and discrimination they may experience as a result of the school affiliation.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43317857" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f7fad79e7b1e281e4582e6a4ff1253a4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63599816,"asset_id":43317857,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63599816/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4OTg1MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="121060387" href="https://oxford.academia.edu/DrSuriyahBi">Dr Suriyah Bi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="121060387" type="text/json">{"id":121060387,"first_name":"Dr Suriyah","last_name":"Bi","domain_name":"oxford","page_name":"DrSuriyahBi","display_name":"Dr Suriyah Bi","profile_url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/DrSuriyahBi?f_ri=12978","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/121060387/30084405/93419020/s65_dr_suriyah.bi.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43317857 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43317857"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43317857, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43317857", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43317857]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43317857").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43317857").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43317857"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="106" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion">Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="106" type="text/json">{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="217" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Religion">Sociology of Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="217" type="text/json">{"id":217,"name":"Sociology of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Religion?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="922" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education">Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="922" type="text/json">{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="928" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Studies">Media Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="928" type="text/json">{"id":928,"name":"Media Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Studies?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43317857]'), work: {"id":43317857,"title":"The School as a Double-Edged Panopticon-Increased Anxiety and Deflated Islamic Identities: A Child-Centered Perspective on the Trojan Horse Affair","created_at":"2020-06-11T10:52:28.819-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43317857/The_School_as_a_Double_Edged_Panopticon_Increased_Anxiety_and_Deflated_Islamic_Identities_A_Child_Centered_Perspective_on_the_Trojan_Horse_Affair?f_ri=12978","dom_id":"work_43317857","summary":"The Trojan Hose Affair scandal alleged that there was a hardline extremist Islamism plot to take over British state schools in Birmingham. While commu- nity groups and government officials battled to take control of the narrative, the pupils who were ultimately at the center of the scandal, were not con- sidered. This paper is based on research conducted in 2015, with students at one of the schools implicated in the Trojan Horse Affair. Through seven one-to-one interviews and a group discussion, the research finds that students portrayed their selves in a state of constant psychological reconciliation due to the heightened mediatization, racialization, and securitization of Islam and Muslims, during and after the Trojan Horse affair. This caused increased levels of anxiety in students, which peaked around the constant surveillance through the gaze of the media, teachers, and Ofsted inspectors, creating a double-edged Panopticon. The paper particularly underscores student concerns for potential social exclusion and discrimination they may experience as a result of the school affiliation.\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63599816,"asset_id":43317857,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":121060387,"first_name":"Dr Suriyah","last_name":"Bi","domain_name":"oxford","page_name":"DrSuriyahBi","display_name":"Dr Suriyah Bi","profile_url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/DrSuriyahBi?f_ri=12978","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/121060387/30084405/93419020/s65_dr_suriyah.bi.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":217,"name":"Sociology of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Religion?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":928,"name":"Media Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Studies?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":972,"name":"Self and Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_and_Identity?f_ri=12978"},{"id":12978,"name":"Muslim Minorities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_Minorities?f_ri=12978"},{"id":14464,"name":"Marginalized Identities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marginalized_Identities?f_ri=12978"},{"id":17501,"name":"Islamophobia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamophobia?f_ri=12978"},{"id":18677,"name":"Race and Schooling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Schooling?f_ri=12978"},{"id":38676,"name":"Anxiety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anxiety?f_ri=12978"},{"id":44006,"name":"Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Identity?f_ri=12978"},{"id":76930,"name":"Panopticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Panopticism?f_ri=12978"},{"id":90863,"name":"British Muslims and the media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_Muslims_and_the_media?f_ri=12978"},{"id":110263,"name":"Media Representation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Representation?f_ri=12978"},{"id":166370,"name":"Islamophobia and Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamophobia_and_Media?f_ri=12978"},{"id":192726,"name":"Religious Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religious_Identity?f_ri=12978"},{"id":213419,"name":"Media and identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_and_identity?f_ri=12978"},{"id":392539,"name":"Islam, Identity, religious minorities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islam_Identity_religious_minorities?f_ri=12978"},{"id":477145,"name":"Panopticon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Panopticon?f_ri=12978"},{"id":991343,"name":"Muslim Students","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_Students?f_ri=12978"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_30235252" data-work_id="30235252" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30235252/Traces_of_Islam_in_Western_Ukraine_The_Ukrainian_Week_2016_February_pp_40_42">Traces of Islam in Western Ukraine, The Ukrainian Week, 2016, February, pp. 40-42.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30235252" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6e8fb44c3f92de7c50e3cd13f111cdf2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50697255,"asset_id":30235252,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" 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Yakubovych","profile_url":"https://uni-freiburg.academia.edu/MykhayloYakubovych?f_ri=12978","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/421083/108766/9911022/s65_mykhaylo.yakubovych.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_30235252 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="30235252"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 30235252, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_30235252", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_30235252 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30235252; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var 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Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslims_in_Europe?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15800" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_History">Islamic History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15800" type="text/json">{"id":15800,"name":"Islamic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_History?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15866" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islam">Islam</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15866" type="text/json">{"id":15866,"name":"Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islam?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=30235252]'), work: {"id":30235252,"title":"Traces of Islam in Western Ukraine, The Ukrainian Week, 2016, February, pp. 40-42.","created_at":"2016-12-03T11:43:31.606-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/30235252/Traces_of_Islam_in_Western_Ukraine_The_Ukrainian_Week_2016_February_pp_40_42?f_ri=12978","dom_id":"work_30235252","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50697255,"asset_id":30235252,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":421083,"first_name":"Mykhaylo","last_name":"Yakubovych","domain_name":"uni-freiburg","page_name":"MykhayloYakubovych","display_name":"Mykhaylo Yakubovych","profile_url":"https://uni-freiburg.academia.edu/MykhayloYakubovych?f_ri=12978","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/421083/108766/9911022/s65_mykhaylo.yakubovych.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":12978,"name":"Muslim Minorities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_Minorities?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":14970,"name":"Muslims in Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslims_in_Europe?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":15800,"name":"Islamic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_History?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":15866,"name":"Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islam?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37749833" data-work_id="37749833" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37749833/Britains_Secrets_of_Radical_Islam_a_book_review_essay_of_Curtis_Mark_2018_Secret_Affairs">Britains Secrets of Radical Islam a book review essay of Curtis Mark 2018 Secret Affairs</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Mark Curtis is an outspoken British journalist unafraid of the disquiets of the establishment as he embarks on his goal to expose the fallacies of British foreign policy in the Middle East, especially during the twentieth century and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37749833" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Mark Curtis is an outspoken British journalist unafraid of the disquiets of the establishment as he embarks on his goal to expose the fallacies of British foreign policy in the Middle East, especially during the twentieth century and beyond. This review essay explores these issues as identified and studied in his 2018 book, Secret Affairs.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37749833" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0474b73f184db862a16e0a2923d3a9f4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57745721,"asset_id":37749833,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57745721/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4OTg1MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="201497" href="https://campusdenhaag.academia.edu/TahirAbbas">Tahir Abbas</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="201497" type="text/json">{"id":201497,"first_name":"Tahir","last_name":"Abbas","domain_name":"campusdenhaag","page_name":"TahirAbbas","display_name":"Tahir Abbas","profile_url":"https://campusdenhaag.academia.edu/TahirAbbas?f_ri=12978","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/201497/47430/42033120/s65_tahir.abbas.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37749833 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37749833"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37749833, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37749833", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37749833]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37749833").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37749833").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37749833"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="184" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology">Sociology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="184" type="text/json">{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="797" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations">International Relations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="797" type="text/json">{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1660" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terrorism">Terrorism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1660" type="text/json">{"id":1660,"name":"Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terrorism?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5686" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence_and_Terrorism">Political Violence and Terrorism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5686" type="text/json">{"id":5686,"name":"Political Violence and Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence_and_Terrorism?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37749833]'), work: {"id":37749833,"title":"Britains Secrets of Radical Islam a book review essay of Curtis Mark 2018 Secret Affairs","created_at":"2018-11-12T01:04:11.107-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37749833/Britains_Secrets_of_Radical_Islam_a_book_review_essay_of_Curtis_Mark_2018_Secret_Affairs?f_ri=12978","dom_id":"work_37749833","summary":"Mark Curtis is an outspoken British journalist unafraid of the disquiets of the establishment as he embarks on his goal to expose the fallacies of British foreign policy in the Middle East, especially during the twentieth century and beyond. This review essay explores these issues as identified and studied in his 2018 book, Secret Affairs.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57745721,"asset_id":37749833,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":201497,"first_name":"Tahir","last_name":"Abbas","domain_name":"campusdenhaag","page_name":"TahirAbbas","display_name":"Tahir Abbas","profile_url":"https://campusdenhaag.academia.edu/TahirAbbas?f_ri=12978","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/201497/47430/42033120/s65_tahir.abbas.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":1660,"name":"Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terrorism?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":5686,"name":"Political Violence and Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence_and_Terrorism?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":5709,"name":"Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics?f_ri=12978"},{"id":5847,"name":"Political Extremism/Radicalism/Populism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Extremism_Radicalism_Populism?f_ri=12978"},{"id":12978,"name":"Muslim Minorities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_Minorities?f_ri=12978"},{"id":80313,"name":"Radicalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radicalism?f_ri=12978"},{"id":134356,"name":"Disengagement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disengagement?f_ri=12978"},{"id":331539,"name":"Poitical Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poitical_Science?f_ri=12978"},{"id":461890,"name":"Countering Violent Extremism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Countering_Violent_Extremism?f_ri=12978"},{"id":1723635,"name":"Public Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Policy?f_ri=12978"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39818485" data-work_id="39818485" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39818485/Umwelt_Dschihad_and_%C3%96ko_Islam_Eine_aufstrebende_muslimische_Bewegung">Umwelt-Dschihad & Öko-Islam - Eine aufstrebende muslimische Bewegung</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Eine Idee kann mehr als einen einzigen Anfang haben, genau wie viele Wege zum gleichen Ziel hinführen können. Ein Ziel ist in mancher Hinsicht mehr ein dynamisches Befinden als eine konkrete statische Ziellinie. Davon leben Ideen und... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_39818485" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Eine Idee kann mehr als einen einzigen Anfang haben, genau wie<br />viele Wege zum gleichen Ziel hinführen können. Ein Ziel ist in mancher Hinsicht mehr ein dynamisches Befinden als eine konkrete statische Ziellinie. Davon leben Ideen und gewinnen Nachhaltigkeit, wie der Wald seine Seligkeit in der Vielfalt findet.<br />So ist die Umwelt als Bewandtnis und Begriff. Einerseits spricht<br />man von der Umwelt und meint dabei seine enge Umgebung. Andererseits spricht man von der Umwelt und meint hier das ganze<br />Universum.<br />Spricht man von der Umwelt im Islam, so reicht es meines Erachtens<br />nicht aus, danach zu fragen, wie oft oder in welchem Kontext<br />dieser Begriff in dem Koran oder der Sunna vorkommt. Es ist<br />mehr von Bedeutung zu erfahren, wie die Muslime vor dem Hintergrund<br />ihrer religiösen Überzeugung in der Gegenwart mit dem Thema „Umwelt und Umweltschutz“ umgehen. Es stellt sich die Frage, welche Handlungswege die Muslime begehen, um das Leben auf diesem Planeten zu bewahren und welche Rolle dabei religiöse Argumentationen spielen.<br />Wege zu begehen sind Anstrengungen, wozu Muslime verpflichtet<br />sind. Jeder Muslim und jede Muslima ist nach dem religiösen<br />Konzept der ḥisba aufgefordert, entsprechend seiner/ihrer Mögichkeiten (wusʿ) und Fähigkeiten (qudra) zu handeln, um das Gute auf dieser Erde zu fördern und das Verwerfliche zu unterbinden.<br />Dies gilt auch für die Umwelt und den Umweltschutz. Als engagierte<br />kreative Anstrengungen kann man sie als eine Art iğtihād verstehen<br />und als Förderung des Guten kann man sie außerdem islamisch<br />theologisch als ḥisba erkennen. Iǧtihād bedeutet sprachlich <br />„Anstrengung, um ein Ziel zu erreichen“. Es wird auch als terminus<br />technicus der islamischen Normenlehre verwendet. Damit ist die<br />Findung von Normen durch eigenständige Urteilsbemühung gemeint,<br />was eine gewisse Kreativität implizit.<br />An dieser Stelle handelt es sich beim Begriff iğtihād mehr um die<br />kreative Umsetzung von Normen und zwar beim Umweltschutz.<br />Gleichzeitig bedeutet der Begriff Dschihad etymologisch ebenfalls<br />die Anstrengung und Bemühung, ein Ziel zu erreichen. Auch wird<br />darunter eine individuelle Bemühung um den Glauben (großer<br />Dschihad) oder zum moralischen Handeln und Mission verstanden.<br />Der Umweltschutz gehört zweifelsohne zum edlen moralischen<br />Handeln und aus islamischer theologischer Perspektive des <br />Verhältnisses zwischen Mensch und Natur – wie es später erläutert<br />wird – zur islamischen Mission. Daher spricht man nicht nur vom<br />Öko-Islam, sondern auch vom Öko-Dschihad als eine Selbstbezeichnung<br />einiger muslimischer Öko-Aktivistinnen und -Aktivisten vor allem in Großbritannien, wo der Begriff Öko-Dschihad zum ersten Mal als Slogan für eine Kampagne der Islamic Foundation for Ecology and nvironmental Sciences (IFEES) in Birmingham verwendet wurde. Der Slogan der Kampagne lautete „It’s a campaign! It’s a film! It’s Jihad!“.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39818485" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ebd0c46e861be8832a176065553cba4a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60004520,"asset_id":39818485,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60004520/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4OTg1MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5255665" href="https://maxweberstiftung.academia.edu/AhmedMFAbdElsalam">Ahmed M. F. Abd-Elsalam</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5255665" type="text/json">{"id":5255665,"first_name":"Ahmed M. F.","last_name":"Abd-Elsalam","domain_name":"maxweberstiftung","page_name":"AhmedMFAbdElsalam","display_name":"Ahmed M. F. Abd-Elsalam","profile_url":"https://maxweberstiftung.academia.edu/AhmedMFAbdElsalam?f_ri=12978","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5255665/13486011/164828756/s65_ahmed_m._f..abd-elsalam.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_39818485 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="39818485"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39818485, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_39818485", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_39818485 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39818485; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_39818485"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_39818485 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="39818485"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39818485; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39818485]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_39818485").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_39818485").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="39818485"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="540" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law">Islamic Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="540" type="text/json">{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11150" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies">Islamic Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11150" type="text/json">{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12978" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_Minorities">Muslim Minorities</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12978" type="text/json">{"id":12978,"name":"Muslim Minorities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_Minorities?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16171" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Political_Thought">Islamic Political Thought</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="16171" type="text/json">{"id":16171,"name":"Islamic Political Thought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Political_Thought?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=39818485]'), work: {"id":39818485,"title":"Umwelt-Dschihad \u0026 Öko-Islam - Eine aufstrebende muslimische Bewegung","created_at":"2019-07-14T04:14:05.277-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/39818485/Umwelt_Dschihad_and_%C3%96ko_Islam_Eine_aufstrebende_muslimische_Bewegung?f_ri=12978","dom_id":"work_39818485","summary":"Eine Idee kann mehr als einen einzigen Anfang haben, genau wie\nviele Wege zum gleichen Ziel hinführen können. Ein Ziel ist in mancher Hinsicht mehr ein dynamisches Befinden als eine konkrete statische Ziellinie. Davon leben Ideen und gewinnen Nachhaltigkeit, wie der Wald seine Seligkeit in der Vielfalt findet.\nSo ist die Umwelt als Bewandtnis und Begriff. Einerseits spricht\nman von der Umwelt und meint dabei seine enge Umgebung. Andererseits spricht man von der Umwelt und meint hier das ganze\nUniversum.\nSpricht man von der Umwelt im Islam, so reicht es meines Erachtens\nnicht aus, danach zu fragen, wie oft oder in welchem Kontext\ndieser Begriff in dem Koran oder der Sunna vorkommt. Es ist\nmehr von Bedeutung zu erfahren, wie die Muslime vor dem Hintergrund\nihrer religiösen Überzeugung in der Gegenwart mit dem Thema „Umwelt und Umweltschutz“ umgehen. Es stellt sich die Frage, welche Handlungswege die Muslime begehen, um das Leben auf diesem Planeten zu bewahren und welche Rolle dabei religiöse Argumentationen spielen.\nWege zu begehen sind Anstrengungen, wozu Muslime verpflichtet\nsind. Jeder Muslim und jede Muslima ist nach dem religiösen\nKonzept der ḥisba aufgefordert, entsprechend seiner/ihrer Mögichkeiten (wusʿ) und Fähigkeiten (qudra) zu handeln, um das Gute auf dieser Erde zu fördern und das Verwerfliche zu unterbinden.\nDies gilt auch für die Umwelt und den Umweltschutz. Als engagierte\nkreative Anstrengungen kann man sie als eine Art iğtihād verstehen\nund als Förderung des Guten kann man sie außerdem islamisch\ntheologisch als ḥisba erkennen. Iǧtihād bedeutet sprachlich \n„Anstrengung, um ein Ziel zu erreichen“. Es wird auch als terminus\ntechnicus der islamischen Normenlehre verwendet. Damit ist die\nFindung von Normen durch eigenständige Urteilsbemühung gemeint,\nwas eine gewisse Kreativität implizit.\nAn dieser Stelle handelt es sich beim Begriff iğtihād mehr um die\nkreative Umsetzung von Normen und zwar beim Umweltschutz.\nGleichzeitig bedeutet der Begriff Dschihad etymologisch ebenfalls\ndie Anstrengung und Bemühung, ein Ziel zu erreichen. Auch wird\ndarunter eine individuelle Bemühung um den Glauben (großer\nDschihad) oder zum moralischen Handeln und Mission verstanden.\nDer Umweltschutz gehört zweifelsohne zum edlen moralischen\nHandeln und aus islamischer theologischer Perspektive des \nVerhältnisses zwischen Mensch und Natur – wie es später erläutert\nwird – zur islamischen Mission. Daher spricht man nicht nur vom\nÖko-Islam, sondern auch vom Öko-Dschihad als eine Selbstbezeichnung\neiniger muslimischer Öko-Aktivistinnen und -Aktivisten vor allem in Großbritannien, wo der Begriff Öko-Dschihad zum ersten Mal als Slogan für eine Kampagne der Islamic Foundation for Ecology and nvironmental Sciences (IFEES) in Birmingham verwendet wurde. Der Slogan der Kampagne lautete „It’s a campaign! It’s a film! It’s Jihad!“.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60004520,"asset_id":39818485,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5255665,"first_name":"Ahmed M. F.","last_name":"Abd-Elsalam","domain_name":"maxweberstiftung","page_name":"AhmedMFAbdElsalam","display_name":"Ahmed M. F. 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This trend continued in the following years, so, according to the 2011 census results, Muslims make up only 70.21% of the population of this... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33414704" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">According to the 2001 census, Muslims' share in the total population came down to 81.22%. This trend continued in the following years, so, according to the 2011 census results, Muslims make up only 70.21% of the population of this country, which counts 1 234 571 people. TABLE 2: POPULATION BY REGION OF ORIGIN AND RELIGION THAT THEY CONFESS -THE 2001 CENSUS NATIONALITY TOTAL MUSLIMS CHRISTIANS OTHERS BAHRAINIS</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33414704" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c12edbccfb94b45ff62a6405c5e15f56" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53467379,"asset_id":33414704,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53467379/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4OTg1MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="847528" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ERADONCIC">EDIN RADONCIC</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="847528" type="text/json">{"id":847528,"first_name":"EDIN","last_name":"RADONCIC","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ERADONCIC","display_name":"EDIN RADONCIC","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ERADONCIC?f_ri=12978","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/847528/139627986/129106870/s65_edin.radoncic.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33414704 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33414704"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33414704, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33414704", }); 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This trend continued in the following years, so, according to the 2011 census results, Muslims make up only 70.21% of the population of this country, which counts 1 234 571 people. 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js-work-card work_925159" data-work_id="925159" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/925159/Culture_Identity_and_Islamic_Schooling_A_philosophical_approach">Culture, Identity and Islamic Schooling: A philosophical approach</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this book I offer a critical, comparative and empirically-informed defense of Islamic schools in the West. To do so I elaborate an idealized philosophy of Islamic education, against which I evaluate the very different empirical... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_925159" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this book I offer a critical, comparative and empirically-informed defense of Islamic schools in the West. To do so I elaborate an idealized philosophy of Islamic education, against which I evaluate the very different empirical situation in the Netherlands, Belgium and the United States. I examine in detail notions of cultural identity and cultural coherence, the scope of parental authority v. a child's interests, as well as the state's hypothetical role in regulating religious schools.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/925159" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bf1d91c13a8847ad9dcb52cd2d560c7c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":106900746,"asset_id":925159,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106900746/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4OTg1MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="647259" href="https://uva.academia.edu/MichaelMerry">Michael S Merry</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="647259" type="text/json">{"id":647259,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Merry","domain_name":"uva","page_name":"MichaelMerry","display_name":"Michael S Merry","profile_url":"https://uva.academia.edu/MichaelMerry?f_ri=12978","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/647259/223283/40115594/s65_michael.merry.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_925159 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="925159"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 925159, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_925159", }); 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type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="893" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pragmatism">Pragmatism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="893" type="text/json">{"id":893,"name":"Pragmatism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pragmatism?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="922" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education">Education</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="922" type="text/json">{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3000482]'), work: {"id":3000482,"title":"Choosing Civility: The Lemonade 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itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6390836/Virtual_Internment_Arabs_Muslims_Asians_and_the_War_on_Terrorism">Virtual Internment: Arabs, Muslims, Asians and the War on Terrorism</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6390836" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f03db39ea4c13676a9b54d4bc6da45f3" rel="nofollow" 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type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="184" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology">Sociology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="184" type="text/json">{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="294" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnic_Studies">Ethnic Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="294" type="text/json">{"id":294,"name":"Ethnic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnic_Studies?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6390836]'), work: {"id":6390836,"title":"Virtual Internment: Arabs, Muslims, Asians and 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})();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35611929" data-work_id="35611929" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35611929/Muslims_in_Europe_Citizenship_Multiculturalism_and_Integration">Muslims in Europe: Citizenship, Multiculturalism and Integration</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article provides an analysis of the concerns in relation to citizenship and multicultural reforms in Europe. It examines the implications for the social integration of Muslims, who seemingly face insurmountable constitutional... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35611929" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article provides an analysis of the concerns in relation to citizenship and multicultural reforms in Europe. It examines the implications for the social integration of Muslims, who seemingly face insurmountable constitutional hurdles notwithstanding liberal institutional attempts, in accommodating a religion that, judged by its global politicisation, may pose more a challenge to multicultural societies than to others. While shedding light on recent developments concerning a wide-ranging panorama of the socio-legal dynamics of integrating Muslim communities in Europe, the article provides an overview of the multicultural idea, focusing on how some European countries address multicultural claims swiftly while others lag behind, busy with more basic issues of immigrant assimilation and integration. It is argued that while attempts are being made to improve Muslim integration, the rising tide of Islamophobia (political and media-manufactured), anti-terrorism legislations and security policies serve to provide a multi-pronged attack on civil liberties and freedoms of Muslim groups. In the concluding section, there will be general remarks concerning the future of Muslims in Europe and the commendable and realisable aim of Muslims to construct an inclusive national identity and find partners who will, like them, be determined to approve what Western culture produces in terms of its positive contributions and resist its deleterious effects on the human, societal and environmental levels.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35611929" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2b0fd671eb5743f3849a5c5cae439ef1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58251081,"asset_id":35611929,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58251081/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4OTg1MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="14594766" href="https://upsi-my.academia.edu/AsifMohiuddin">Asif Mohiuddin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="14594766" type="text/json">{"id":14594766,"first_name":"Asif","last_name":"Mohiuddin","domain_name":"upsi-my","page_name":"AsifMohiuddin","display_name":"Asif Mohiuddin","profile_url":"https://upsi-my.academia.edu/AsifMohiuddin?f_ri=12978","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14594766/8418294/146111181/s65_asif.mohiuddin.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35611929 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35611929"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35611929, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35611929", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35611929]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35611929").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35611929").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35611929"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1218" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_integration">European integration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1218" type="text/json">{"id":1218,"name":"European integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_integration?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12978" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_Minorities">Muslim Minorities</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12978" type="text/json">{"id":12978,"name":"Muslim Minorities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_Minorities?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="41608" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Citizenship">Citizenship</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="41608" type="text/json">{"id":41608,"name":"Citizenship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Citizenship?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35611929]'), work: {"id":35611929,"title":"Muslims in Europe: Citizenship, Multiculturalism and Integration","created_at":"2018-01-08T10:45:57.998-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35611929/Muslims_in_Europe_Citizenship_Multiculturalism_and_Integration?f_ri=12978","dom_id":"work_35611929","summary":"\r\nThis article provides an analysis of the concerns in relation to citizenship and multicultural reforms in Europe. It examines the implications for the social integration of Muslims, who seemingly face insurmountable constitutional hurdles notwithstanding liberal institutional attempts, in accommodating a religion that, judged by its global politicisation, may pose more a challenge to multicultural societies than to others. While shedding light on recent developments concerning a wide-ranging panorama of the socio-legal dynamics of integrating Muslim communities in Europe, the article provides an overview of the multicultural idea, focusing on how some European countries address multicultural claims swiftly while others lag behind, busy with more basic issues of immigrant assimilation and integration. It is argued that while attempts are being made to improve Muslim integration, the rising tide of Islamophobia (political and media-manufactured), anti-terrorism legislations and security policies serve to provide a multi-pronged attack on civil liberties and freedoms of Muslim groups. In the concluding section, there will be general remarks concerning the future of Muslims in Europe and the commendable and realisable aim of Muslims to construct an inclusive national identity and find partners who will, like them, be determined to approve what Western culture produces in terms of its positive contributions and resist its deleterious effects on the human, societal and environmental levels.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58251081,"asset_id":35611929,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":14594766,"first_name":"Asif","last_name":"Mohiuddin","domain_name":"upsi-my","page_name":"AsifMohiuddin","display_name":"Asif Mohiuddin","profile_url":"https://upsi-my.academia.edu/AsifMohiuddin?f_ri=12978","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14594766/8418294/146111181/s65_asif.mohiuddin.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1218,"name":"European integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_integration?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":12978,"name":"Muslim Minorities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_Minorities?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":41608,"name":"Citizenship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Citizenship?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44718851" data-work_id="44718851" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44718851/Towards_A_Fiqh_for_Minorities_Some_Basic_Reflections_Ka_fikhu_manjina_neka_temeljna_razmatranja_Bosnian_Language_">Towards A Fiqh for Minorities: Some Basic Reflections (Ka fikhu manjina: neka temeljna razmatranja - Bosnian Language)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Towards a Fiqh for Minorities is an important subject and a much-needed contribution to an area of ‎Fiqh that has become essential for the wellbeing and development of Muslim communities living in the ‎West. The author stresses that the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44718851" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Towards a Fiqh for Minorities is an important subject and a much-needed contribution to an area of ‎Fiqh that has become essential for the wellbeing and development of Muslim communities living in the ‎West. The author stresses that the problems of Muslim minorities can only be tackled with a fresh ‎juristic vision based on the principles, objectives and higher values of the Qur’an in conjunction with ‎the ultimate aims and intents (maqasid) of the Shariah. In essence Dr. Al-Alwani’s paper is a call for ‎Muslim minorities to have a sense of themselves as citizens and develop a positive, confident view of ‎their place and value in society, moving away from notions of immigrant status and governed by a ‎humanistic vision focusing on the betterment of society.‎</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44718851" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e50097ac7a05ea9bfa381cecbc4faa65" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65246729,"asset_id":44718851,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65246729/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4OTg1MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="66343822" href="https://al-azhar.academia.edu/TahaJabiralAlwani">Dr. Taha Jabir Al-Alwani د. طه جابر العلواني</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="66343822" type="text/json">{"id":66343822,"first_name":"Dr. Taha Jabir Al-Alwani","last_name":"د. طه جابر العلواني","domain_name":"al-azhar","page_name":"TahaJabiralAlwani","display_name":"Dr. Taha Jabir Al-Alwani د. طه جابر العلواني","profile_url":"https://al-azhar.academia.edu/TahaJabiralAlwani?f_ri=12978","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/66343822/17278577/17393180/s65__._._.dr._taha_jabir_al-alwani.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44718851 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44718851"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44718851, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44718851", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44718851]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44718851").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44718851").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44718851"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3843" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immigration">Immigration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3843" type="text/json">{"id":3843,"name":"Immigration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immigration?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12978" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_Minorities">Muslim Minorities</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12978" type="text/json">{"id":12978,"name":"Muslim Minorities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_Minorities?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15866" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islam">Islam</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15866" type="text/json">{"id":15866,"name":"Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islam?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="51278" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maqasid_al-Sharia_Purposes_of_Islamic_Law_">Maqasid al-Sharia (Purposes of Islamic Law)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="51278" type="text/json">{"id":51278,"name":"Maqasid al-Sharia (Purposes of Islamic Law)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maqasid_al-Sharia_Purposes_of_Islamic_Law_?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44718851]'), work: {"id":44718851,"title":"Towards A Fiqh for Minorities: Some Basic Reflections (Ka fikhu manjina: neka temeljna razmatranja - Bosnian Language)","created_at":"2020-12-16T10:51:39.736-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44718851/Towards_A_Fiqh_for_Minorities_Some_Basic_Reflections_Ka_fikhu_manjina_neka_temeljna_razmatranja_Bosnian_Language_?f_ri=12978","dom_id":"work_44718851","summary":"Towards a Fiqh for Minorities is an important subject and a much-needed contribution to an area of ‎Fiqh that has become essential for the wellbeing and development of Muslim communities living in the ‎West. The author stresses that the problems of Muslim minorities can only be tackled with a fresh ‎juristic vision based on the principles, objectives and higher values of the Qur’an in conjunction with ‎the ultimate aims and intents (maqasid) of the Shariah. In essence Dr. Al-Alwani’s paper is a call for ‎Muslim minorities to have a sense of themselves as citizens and develop a positive, confident view of ‎their place and value in society, moving away from notions of immigrant status and governed by a ‎humanistic vision focusing on the betterment of society.‎","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65246729,"asset_id":44718851,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":66343822,"first_name":"Dr. Taha Jabir Al-Alwani","last_name":"د. طه جابر العلواني","domain_name":"al-azhar","page_name":"TahaJabiralAlwani","display_name":"Dr. Taha Jabir Al-Alwani د. طه جابر العلواني","profile_url":"https://al-azhar.academia.edu/TahaJabiralAlwani?f_ri=12978","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/66343822/17278577/17393180/s65__._._.dr._taha_jabir_al-alwani.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3843,"name":"Immigration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immigration?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":12978,"name":"Muslim Minorities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_Minorities?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":15866,"name":"Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islam?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":51278,"name":"Maqasid al-Sharia (Purposes of Islamic Law)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maqasid_al-Sharia_Purposes_of_Islamic_Law_?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":54318,"name":"Immigrants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immigrants?f_ri=12978"},{"id":54319,"name":"Minorities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Minorities?f_ri=12978"},{"id":78764,"name":"Humanistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humanistics?f_ri=12978"},{"id":85977,"name":"Ijtihad","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ijtihad?f_ri=12978"},{"id":259691,"name":"Shariah and Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shariah_and_Law?f_ri=12978"},{"id":887699,"name":"Al qur'an","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Al_quran-1?f_ri=12978"},{"id":1223711,"name":"Contemporary Muslim society","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_Muslim_society?f_ri=12978"},{"id":1318082,"name":"İSlamic Law Methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ISlamic_Law_Methodology?f_ri=12978"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28861465" data-work_id="28861465" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28861465/Rediscovering_the_Umma_Muslims_in_the_Balkans_between_Nationalism_and_Transnationalism_reviewed_by_Ger_Duijzings_in_Journal_of_Religion_in_Europe_9_2016_820_22">Rediscovering the Umma: Muslims in the Balkans between Nationalism and Transnationalism [reviewed by Ger Duijzings], in: Journal of Religion in Europe, 9 (2016), 820-22.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28861465" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5d2fb99e345e41f9930dce298d142a28" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49285508,"asset_id":28861465,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" 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Merdjanova","profile_url":"https://tcd.academia.edu/InaMerdjanova?f_ri=12978","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/267549/227509/266164/s65_ina.merdjanova.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28861465 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28861465"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28861465, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28861465", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_28861465 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28861465; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = 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class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24529604" data-work_id="24529604" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24529604/Faith_Fatherland_or_Both_Accommodationist_and_Neo_Fundamentalist_Islamic_Discourses_in_Albania_Excerpt_from_book_The_Revival_of_Islam_in_the_Balkans_Eds_A_Elbasani_and_O_Roy_">Faith, Fatherland or Both? Accommodationist and Neo-Fundamentalist Islamic Discourses in Albania (Excerpt from book: The Revival of Islam in the Balkans. Eds.: A. Elbasani and O. Roy)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">How do ‘new’ and ’old’ Islamic actors in contemporary Albania define religious legitimacy, the nation and religious otherness? This chapter uses Olivier Roy’s analytical distinction between accommodationism and neo-fundamentalism as a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_24529604" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">How do ‘new’ and ’old’ Islamic actors in contemporary Albania define religious legitimacy, the nation and religious otherness? This chapter uses Olivier Roy’s analytical distinction between accommodationism and neo-fundamentalism as a compass to navigate through Albania’s complex religious landscape by exploring different sets of beliefs promulgated by a selection of Islamic groups (2010).  These are the Muslim Community of Albania, which represents ‘official Islam’ , and ‘mainstream’ Sunni Muslims, who are typically accommodationist. I also analyse a Sufi subgroup thereof, which is equally accommodationist, but in a slightly different manner. As a neo-fundamentalist counterpoint, I explore the ideas of a competing organisation composed of Salafi imams.<br /><br />Accommodationism means that the bond between religion and a specific territory and culture of origin is tight. In this context, ‘culture’ refers to Albanian historical tradition and the language-based, secular nation-building project engineered by modernising state elites since the early 20th century. Neo-fundamentalism, conversely, is a globalised form of religion that emphasises the gap between faith and culture. As such, it represents a reformatted, exportable form of religiosity, which stands in contrast to cultural ethno-national ways of being Muslim. Neo-fundamentalist religious identity is faith-based, and seeks to ground itself solely upon explicit religious norms, at least in principle. Accordingly, these believers make their religiosity visible through a global uniform of religious markers detached from the surrounding culture. <br /><br />In the Albanian Islamic context, the theoretically informed labels, neo-fundamentalist and accommodationist, roughly correspond to the ‘Albanianist’ versus the ‘Salafi’ forms of Islam. To some extent, this resonates with mainstream distinctions adopted in Albania and in the Balkans. A popular Albanian term for Muslims associated with neo-fundamentalist forms of Islam is ‘fanatic’ (fanatik). Accommodationism is commonly related to ‘old’ forms of Islam, which many be deemed as local, rooted, and European as well as tolerant and moderate. Neo-fundamentalism, conversely, refers to certain ‘new’ forms of Islam, i.e. those perceived to be imported, transnational, alien, ‘fanatic’ and a threat to local religious customs. This cultural distinction between what are deemed acceptable and unacceptable forms of Islam is often politicised and securitised. As I will show, the association between neo-fundamentalism and violence is not necessarily correct, and the Salafi community under scrutiny here can be defined as pacifist and purist (Wiktorowicz 2006). These two formats, moreover, clash and merge together as different local actors seek to recast and legitimize their respective positions.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24529604" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f39860e98a265f904aa4b0197480b3ef" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44890328,"asset_id":24529604,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44890328/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4OTg1MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2938012" href="https://uio.academia.edu/CecilieEndresen">Cecilie Endresen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2938012" type="text/json">{"id":2938012,"first_name":"Cecilie","last_name":"Endresen","domain_name":"uio","page_name":"CecilieEndresen","display_name":"Cecilie Endresen","profile_url":"https://uio.academia.edu/CecilieEndresen?f_ri=12978","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2938012/970832/11232944/s65_cecilie.endresen.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24529604 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24529604"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24529604, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24529604", }); 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Accommodationist and Neo-Fundamentalist Islamic Discourses in Albania (Excerpt from book: The Revival of Islam in the Balkans. Eds.: A. Elbasani and O. Roy)","created_at":"2016-04-18T09:46:08.921-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/24529604/Faith_Fatherland_or_Both_Accommodationist_and_Neo_Fundamentalist_Islamic_Discourses_in_Albania_Excerpt_from_book_The_Revival_of_Islam_in_the_Balkans_Eds_A_Elbasani_and_O_Roy_?f_ri=12978","dom_id":"work_24529604","summary":"How do ‘new’ and ’old’ Islamic actors in contemporary Albania define religious legitimacy, the nation and religious otherness? This chapter uses Olivier Roy’s analytical distinction between accommodationism and neo-fundamentalism as a compass to navigate through Albania’s complex religious landscape by exploring different sets of beliefs promulgated by a selection of Islamic groups (2010). These are the Muslim Community of Albania, which represents ‘official Islam’ , and ‘mainstream’ Sunni Muslims, who are typically accommodationist. I also analyse a Sufi subgroup thereof, which is equally accommodationist, but in a slightly different manner. As a neo-fundamentalist counterpoint, I explore the ideas of a competing organisation composed of Salafi imams.\n\nAccommodationism means that the bond between religion and a specific territory and culture of origin is tight. In this context, ‘culture’ refers to Albanian historical tradition and the language-based, secular nation-building project engineered by modernising state elites since the early 20th century. Neo-fundamentalism, conversely, is a globalised form of religion that emphasises the gap between faith and culture. As such, it represents a reformatted, exportable form of religiosity, which stands in contrast to cultural ethno-national ways of being Muslim. Neo-fundamentalist religious identity is faith-based, and seeks to ground itself solely upon explicit religious norms, at least in principle. Accordingly, these believers make their religiosity visible through a global uniform of religious markers detached from the surrounding culture. \n\nIn the Albanian Islamic context, the theoretically informed labels, neo-fundamentalist and accommodationist, roughly correspond to the ‘Albanianist’ versus the ‘Salafi’ forms of Islam. To some extent, this resonates with mainstream distinctions adopted in Albania and in the Balkans. A popular Albanian term for Muslims associated with neo-fundamentalist forms of Islam is ‘fanatic’ (fanatik). Accommodationism is commonly related to ‘old’ forms of Islam, which many be deemed as local, rooted, and European as well as tolerant and moderate. Neo-fundamentalism, conversely, refers to certain ‘new’ forms of Islam, i.e. those perceived to be imported, transnational, alien, ‘fanatic’ and a threat to local religious customs. This cultural distinction between what are deemed acceptable and unacceptable forms of Islam is often politicised and securitised. As I will show, the association between neo-fundamentalism and violence is not necessarily correct, and the Salafi community under scrutiny here can be defined as pacifist and purist (Wiktorowicz 2006). 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Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Islam?f_ri=12978"},{"id":42734,"name":"Albania","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Albania?f_ri=12978"},{"id":43521,"name":"Religious Fundamentalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religious_Fundamentalism?f_ri=12978"},{"id":44393,"name":"Postcommunism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcommunism?f_ri=12978"},{"id":45018,"name":"Islamic History and Muslim Civilization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_History_and_Muslim_Civilization?f_ri=12978"},{"id":48550,"name":"Religious Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religious_Studies?f_ri=12978"},{"id":66015,"name":"Shariah","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shariah?f_ri=12978"},{"id":70603,"name":"Secularism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Secularism?f_ri=12978"},{"id":72581,"name":"Islam and Secularism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islam_and_Secularism?f_ri=12978"},{"id":75000,"name":"Philosophy and Religious Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_and_Religious_Studies?f_ri=12978"},{"id":88513,"name":"Salafism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Salafism?f_ri=12978"},{"id":120972,"name":"Muslims","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslims?f_ri=12978"},{"id":265632,"name":"Theology and Religious Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theology_and_Religious_Studies?f_ri=12978"},{"id":307587,"name":"Sufisme","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sufisme?f_ri=12978"},{"id":373163,"name":"Ritual Practices","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ritual_Practices?f_ri=12978"},{"id":453437,"name":"Halveti","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Halveti?f_ri=12978"},{"id":619396,"name":"Anthropology of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology_of_Religion?f_ri=12978"},{"id":974358,"name":"Representations of Muslims","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Representations_of_Muslims?f_ri=12978"},{"id":1223711,"name":"Contemporary Muslim society","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_Muslim_society?f_ri=12978"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3393005" data-work_id="3393005" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3393005/Democratic_Values_in_Muslim_World_by_Moataz_A_Fattah">Democratic Values in Muslim World by Moataz A. Fattah</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3393005" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0419d3adb0834b8277e417c615a41bb4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31183938,"asset_id":3393005,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31183938/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4OTg1MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3215661" href="https://ilstu.academia.edu/YusufSarfati">Yusuf Sarfati</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3215661" type="text/json">{"id":3215661,"first_name":"Yusuf","last_name":"Sarfati","domain_name":"ilstu","page_name":"YusufSarfati","display_name":"Yusuf Sarfati","profile_url":"https://ilstu.academia.edu/YusufSarfati?f_ri=12978","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3215661/1057608/52177395/s65_yusuf.sarfati.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3393005 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3393005"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3393005, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3393005", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3393005]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3393005").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3393005").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3393005"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="796" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Politics">Comparative Politics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="796" type="text/json">{"id":796,"name":"Comparative Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Politics?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2015" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies">Middle East Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2015" type="text/json">{"id":2015,"name":"Middle East Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3059" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion_and_Politics">Religion and Politics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3059" type="text/json">{"id":3059,"name":"Religion and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion_and_Politics?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5091" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Democratization">Democratization</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5091" type="text/json">{"id":5091,"name":"Democratization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Democratization?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3393005]'), work: {"id":3393005,"title":"Democratic Values in Muslim World by Moataz A. 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For those who see Islamic schooling as a viable option, supporters claim that these schools help to (1)... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_806859" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Muslim parents share many of the same ideals that other religious <br />parents do when considering comprehensive religious schools. For <br />those who see Islamic schooling as a viable option, supporters claim <br />that these schools help to (1) preserve the culture and customs passed <br />down from generation to generation, and (2) provide Muslim children <br />with a proper identity consonant with one’s home environment, <br />thereby ensuring a positive sense of self. In this article the author <br />will explore the role that Muslim parents play in Islamic schooling; <br />in particular the author will examine the reasons why those parents <br />who favor Islamic schools do, and what they hope to gain either for <br />themselves or their children by enrolling them.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/806859" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5d35995193a1384e491b16cc420a1256" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":4831867,"asset_id":806859,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/4831867/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4OTg1MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="647259" href="https://uva.academia.edu/MichaelMerry">Michael S Merry</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="647259" type="text/json">{"id":647259,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Merry","domain_name":"uva","page_name":"MichaelMerry","display_name":"Michael S Merry","profile_url":"https://uva.academia.edu/MichaelMerry?f_ri=12978","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/647259/223283/40115594/s65_michael.merry.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_806859 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="806859"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 806859, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_806859", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=806859]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_806859").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_806859").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="806859"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6544" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Education">Islamic Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6544" type="text/json">{"id":6544,"name":"Islamic Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Education?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12978" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_Minorities">Muslim Minorities</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12978" type="text/json">{"id":12978,"name":"Muslim Minorities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_Minorities?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="75266" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parental_Involvement_in_Education">Parental Involvement in Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="75266" type="text/json">{"id":75266,"name":"Parental Involvement in Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parental_Involvement_in_Education?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="215229" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_schools">Muslim schools</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="215229" type="text/json">{"id":215229,"name":"Muslim schools","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_schools?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=806859]'), work: {"id":806859,"title":"Advocacy and involvement: The role of parents in western Islamic schools","created_at":"2011-08-05T17:23:20.719-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/806859/Advocacy_and_involvement_The_role_of_parents_in_western_Islamic_schools?f_ri=12978","dom_id":"work_806859","summary":"Muslim parents share many of the same ideals that other religious\r\nparents do when considering comprehensive religious schools. For\r\nthose who see Islamic schooling as a viable option, supporters claim\r\nthat these schools help to (1) preserve the culture and customs passed\r\ndown from generation to generation, and (2) provide Muslim children\r\nwith a proper identity consonant with one’s home environment,\r\nthereby ensuring a positive sense of self. In this article the author\r\nwill explore the role that Muslim parents play in Islamic schooling;\r\nin particular the author will examine the reasons why those parents\r\nwho favor Islamic schools do, and what they hope to gain either for\r\nthemselves or their children by enrolling them.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":4831867,"asset_id":806859,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":647259,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Merry","domain_name":"uva","page_name":"MichaelMerry","display_name":"Michael S Merry","profile_url":"https://uva.academia.edu/MichaelMerry?f_ri=12978","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/647259/223283/40115594/s65_michael.merry.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6544,"name":"Islamic Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Education?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":12978,"name":"Muslim Minorities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_Minorities?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":75266,"name":"Parental Involvement in Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parental_Involvement_in_Education?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":215229,"name":"Muslim schools","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_schools?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":993254,"name":"Islamic Schools","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Schools?f_ri=12978"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27946298" data-work_id="27946298" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27946298/Political_Muslims_in_America_From_Islamism_to_Exceptionalism">Political Muslims in America: From Islamism to Exceptionalism</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">The article argues that several American Muslim organizations that had roots in political Islam are now moving away from their roots and embracing American Exceptionalism.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27946298" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="561d0f6a99e4148c8942c509953fbdb2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48241013,"asset_id":27946298,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48241013/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4OTg1MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3388" href="https://udel.academia.edu/MuqtedarKhan">Muqtedar Khan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3388" 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href="https://www.academia.edu/23735049/The_faith_community_and_mental_health_resilience_amongst_Australian_Ismaili_Muslim_youth">The faith community and mental health resilience amongst Australian Ismaili Muslim youth</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The religio-cultural community of minority ethnic migrants can strongly affect post-migration adaptation. Whilst religion itself may influence resilience, the social support network it provides may also play a role. Extant literature on... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_23735049" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The religio-cultural community of minority ethnic migrants can strongly affect post-migration adaptation. Whilst religion itself may influence resilience, the social support network it provides may also play a role. Extant literature on resilience and migrant communities has largely focused on refugees whilst the experience of younger voluntary migrants and second-generation immigrants, who may experience “acculturative stress”, has been overlooked. This study examines 18–25 year old diasporic and post-diasporic Ismaili Muslim youth in Australia. Of the 11 youth respondents, five were Australian-born/raised (“post-diasporic”) and six were recent immigrants (“diasporic”). Five community leaders were also interviewed for triangulation. Respondents were obtained using purposive and convenience sampling in two Australian cities. Results demonstrate how faith engagement and civic participation were utilised in developing resilience when facing mental health stressors encountered during the migratory and acculturative processes.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/23735049" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="89c851f37f366a2ef4620e785a42097c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48544211,"asset_id":23735049,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48544211/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4OTg1MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34501195" href="https://glasgow.academia.edu/KarimMitha">Karim Mitha</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34501195" type="text/json">{"id":34501195,"first_name":"Karim","last_name":"Mitha","domain_name":"glasgow","page_name":"KarimMitha","display_name":"Karim Mitha","profile_url":"https://glasgow.academia.edu/KarimMitha?f_ri=12978","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_23735049 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="23735049"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 23735049, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_23735049", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=23735049]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_23735049").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_23735049").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="23735049"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2827" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Health">Mental Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2827" type="text/json">{"id":2827,"name":"Mental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Health?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3332" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resilience">Resilience</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3332" type="text/json">{"id":3332,"name":"Resilience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resilience?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4691" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology_of_Religion">Psychology of Religion</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4691" type="text/json">{"id":4691,"name":"Psychology of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology_of_Religion?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=23735049]'), work: {"id":23735049,"title":"The faith community and mental health resilience amongst Australian Ismaili Muslim youth","created_at":"2016-03-28T09:31:22.391-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/23735049/The_faith_community_and_mental_health_resilience_amongst_Australian_Ismaili_Muslim_youth?f_ri=12978","dom_id":"work_23735049","summary":"The religio-cultural community of minority ethnic migrants can strongly affect post-migration adaptation. Whilst religion itself may influence resilience, the social support network it provides may also play a role. Extant literature on resilience and migrant communities has largely focused on refugees whilst the experience of younger voluntary migrants and second-generation immigrants, who may experience “acculturative stress”, has been overlooked. This study examines 18–25 year old diasporic and post-diasporic Ismaili Muslim youth in Australia. Of the 11 youth respondents, five were Australian-born/raised (“post-diasporic”) and six were recent immigrants (“diasporic”). Five community leaders were also interviewed for triangulation. Respondents were obtained using purposive and convenience sampling in two Australian cities. Results demonstrate how faith engagement and civic participation were utilised in developing resilience when facing mental health stressors encountered during the migratory and acculturative processes.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48544211,"asset_id":23735049,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34501195,"first_name":"Karim","last_name":"Mitha","domain_name":"glasgow","page_name":"KarimMitha","display_name":"Karim Mitha","profile_url":"https://glasgow.academia.edu/KarimMitha?f_ri=12978","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":2827,"name":"Mental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Health?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":3332,"name":"Resilience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resilience?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":4691,"name":"Psychology of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology_of_Religion?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":6697,"name":"Australia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Australia?f_ri=12978"},{"id":10416,"name":"Qualitative Health Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Qualitative_Health_Research?f_ri=12978"},{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies?f_ri=12978"},{"id":12978,"name":"Muslim Minorities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_Minorities?f_ri=12978"},{"id":787515,"name":"Psychology of Religion and Spirituality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology_of_Religion_and_Spirituality?f_ri=12978"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9390085" data-work_id="9390085" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9390085/Dilemma_of_Norwegian_Multiculturalism_Norwegian_Muslim_and_Cultural_Integration">Dilemma of Norwegian Multiculturalism- Norwegian Muslim, and Cultural Integration </a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9390085" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="acd82ec860d7ba86d7294a9c42df649a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35639414,"asset_id":9390085,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35639414/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4OTg1MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2498951" href="https://uc-pt.academia.edu/AmitSingh">Amit Singh (PhD)</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2498951" type="text/json">{"id":2498951,"first_name":"Amit","last_name":"Singh (PhD)","domain_name":"uc-pt","page_name":"AmitSingh","display_name":"Amit Singh (PhD)","profile_url":"https://uc-pt.academia.edu/AmitSingh?f_ri=12978","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2498951/2641432/39297187/s65_amit.singh.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9390085 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9390085"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9390085, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9390085", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_9390085 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9390085; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_9390085"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_9390085 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="9390085"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9390085; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9390085]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_9390085").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_9390085").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="9390085"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="898" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multiculturalism">Multiculturalism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="898" type="text/json">{"id":898,"name":"Multiculturalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multiculturalism?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12978" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_Minorities">Muslim Minorities</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12978" type="text/json">{"id":12978,"name":"Muslim Minorities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_Minorities?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="42845" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religious_Toleration">Religious Toleration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="42845" type="text/json">{"id":42845,"name":"Religious Toleration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religious_Toleration?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="51645" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Norway">Norway</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="51645" type="text/json">{"id":51645,"name":"Norway","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Norway?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9390085]'), work: {"id":9390085,"title":"Dilemma of Norwegian Multiculturalism- Norwegian Muslim, and Cultural Integration ","created_at":"2014-11-19T01:28:29.949-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9390085/Dilemma_of_Norwegian_Multiculturalism_Norwegian_Muslim_and_Cultural_Integration?f_ri=12978","dom_id":"work_9390085","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35639414,"asset_id":9390085,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2498951,"first_name":"Amit","last_name":"Singh (PhD)","domain_name":"uc-pt","page_name":"AmitSingh","display_name":"Amit Singh (PhD)","profile_url":"https://uc-pt.academia.edu/AmitSingh?f_ri=12978","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2498951/2641432/39297187/s65_amit.singh.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":898,"name":"Multiculturalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multiculturalism?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":12978,"name":"Muslim Minorities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_Minorities?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":42845,"name":"Religious Toleration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religious_Toleration?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":51645,"name":"Norway","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Norway?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_32211080" data-work_id="32211080" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32211080/Islamic_School_and_Arab_Association">Islamic School and Arab Association</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/32211080" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f1939d1765172e7ef0acf645ffc91fa8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52439721,"asset_id":32211080,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52439721/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4OTg1MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="62468071" href="https://kyoto-u.academia.edu/MotokiYamaguchi">Motoki Yamaguchi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="62468071" type="text/json">{"id":62468071,"first_name":"Motoki","last_name":"Yamaguchi","domain_name":"kyoto-u","page_name":"MotokiYamaguchi","display_name":"Motoki Yamaguchi","profile_url":"https://kyoto-u.academia.edu/MotokiYamaguchi?f_ri=12978","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/62468071/16203226/16632030/s65_motoki.yamaguchi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_32211080 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" 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InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="32211080"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32211080; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32211080]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_32211080").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_32211080").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="32211080"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="134" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_History">Modern History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="134" type="text/json">{"id":134,"name":"Modern History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_History?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8783" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8783" type="text/json">{"id":8783,"name":"Indonesia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indonesia?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12978" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_Minorities">Muslim Minorities</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12978" type="text/json">{"id":12978,"name":"Muslim Minorities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_Minorities?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="51098" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Reformism">Islamic Reformism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="51098" type="text/json">{"id":51098,"name":"Islamic Reformism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Reformism?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=32211080]'), work: {"id":32211080,"title":"Islamic School and Arab Association","created_at":"2017-04-02T19:15:57.505-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/32211080/Islamic_School_and_Arab_Association?f_ri=12978","dom_id":"work_32211080","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52439721,"asset_id":32211080,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":62468071,"first_name":"Motoki","last_name":"Yamaguchi","domain_name":"kyoto-u","page_name":"MotokiYamaguchi","display_name":"Motoki Yamaguchi","profile_url":"https://kyoto-u.academia.edu/MotokiYamaguchi?f_ri=12978","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/62468071/16203226/16632030/s65_motoki.yamaguchi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":134,"name":"Modern History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_History?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":8783,"name":"Indonesia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indonesia?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":12978,"name":"Muslim Minorities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_Minorities?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":51098,"name":"Islamic Reformism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Reformism?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":312717,"name":"Arab Immigrants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arab_Immigrants?f_ri=12978"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36337480" data-work_id="36337480" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36337480/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%8B%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8">Архитектура современной мечети: опыт систематизации</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Рецензия на монографию С.М. Червонной «Современная мечеть. Отечественный и мировой опыт Новейшего времени» (Торунь, 2016) / The Architecture of the Contemporary Mosque: an Experience of Systematization (A review of “Contemporary Mosque.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36337480" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Рецензия на монографию С.М. Червонной «Современная мечеть.<br />Отечественный и мировой опыт Новейшего времени» (Торунь, 2016) / The Architecture of the Contemporary Mosque: an Experience of Systematization (A review of “Contemporary Mosque. Domestic and International Experience in the Recent History” by S.M. Chervonnaya. Тoryn, 2016)</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36337480" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0ef174c05f2e0d9d6fa7ce0388f4cb62" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56245393,"asset_id":36337480,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56245393/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4OTg1MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="50639598" href="https://sias.academia.edu/KononenkoEvgenii">Kononenko Evgenii</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="50639598" type="text/json">{"id":50639598,"first_name":"Kononenko","last_name":"Evgenii","domain_name":"sias","page_name":"KononenkoEvgenii","display_name":"Kononenko Evgenii","profile_url":"https://sias.academia.edu/KononenkoEvgenii?f_ri=12978","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/50639598/13368602/14600649/s65_kononenko.evgenii.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36337480 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36337480"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36337480, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36337480", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36337480]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36337480").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36337480").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36337480"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4979" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Contemporary_Studies">Islamic Contemporary Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4979" type="text/json">{"id":4979,"name":"Islamic Contemporary Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Contemporary_Studies?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12978" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_Minorities">Muslim Minorities</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12978" type="text/json">{"id":12978,"name":"Muslim Minorities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_Minorities?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48938" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mosque_Architecture">Mosque Architecture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48938" type="text/json">{"id":48938,"name":"Mosque Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mosque_Architecture?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="66404" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iconography_and_Iconology_of_Islamic_Art">Iconography and Iconology of Islamic Art</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="66404" type="text/json">{"id":66404,"name":"Iconography and Iconology of Islamic Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iconography_and_Iconology_of_Islamic_Art?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36337480]'), work: {"id":36337480,"title":"Архитектура современной мечети: опыт систематизации","created_at":"2018-04-05T07:49:53.067-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36337480/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%8B%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8?f_ri=12978","dom_id":"work_36337480","summary":"Рецензия на монографию С.М. Червонной «Современная мечеть.\nОтечественный и мировой опыт Новейшего времени» (Торунь, 2016) / The Architecture of the Contemporary Mosque: an Experience of Systematization (A review of “Contemporary Mosque. Domestic and International Experience in the Recent History” by S.M. Chervonnaya. Тoryn, 2016)","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56245393,"asset_id":36337480,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":50639598,"first_name":"Kononenko","last_name":"Evgenii","domain_name":"sias","page_name":"KononenkoEvgenii","display_name":"Kononenko Evgenii","profile_url":"https://sias.academia.edu/KononenkoEvgenii?f_ri=12978","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/50639598/13368602/14600649/s65_kononenko.evgenii.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4979,"name":"Islamic Contemporary Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Contemporary_Studies?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":12978,"name":"Muslim Minorities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_Minorities?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":48938,"name":"Mosque Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mosque_Architecture?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":66404,"name":"Iconography and Iconology of Islamic Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iconography_and_Iconology_of_Islamic_Art?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":209605,"name":"Contemporary Mosque Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_Mosque_Architecture?f_ri=12978"},{"id":1223711,"name":"Contemporary Muslim society","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_Muslim_society?f_ri=12978"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36662225" data-work_id="36662225" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36662225/Do_the_Jews_have_a_right_to_self_determination_in_Palestine_Islamic_discourse_in_Israel_In_Meir_Hatina_and_Mohammad_al_Atawnah_editors_Muslims_in_the_Jewish_State_Religion_Politics_Society_Hakibutz_Hameuchad_2018_Hebrew_">Do the Jews have a right to self-determination in Palestine? Islamic discourse in Israel. In: Meir Hatina and Mohammad al-Atawnah (editors), Muslims in the Jewish State: Religion, Politics, Society (Hakibutz Hameuchad, 2018) [Hebrew]</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Islam in Israel is being treated in public and research discourse with general and unfocused terms. However, an in-depth study reveals a large Muslim community organized by religious, civil and political organizations, such as the Islamic... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36662225" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Islam in Israel is being treated in public and research discourse with general and unfocused terms. However, an in-depth study reveals a large Muslim community organized by religious, civil and political organizations, such as the Islamic Movement, the Sharia courts, the Sufism orders, Shiite associations and associations of Bedouins, women, young people and educators. Together, they create a fascinating mosaic of multi-faceted leadership that draws its path between tradition and Western modernity, thereby creating a multi-voice Islamic discourse. <br />This Book offers new insights into core issues concerning the status of the Muslim community in Israel, and presents the challenges and dilemmas facing it. The articles in the book deal with several key questions, including: Is there a local model of Islam with unique characteristics? Is it possible to identify elements of original religious thought? What is the reality of the life of the Muslim community in Israel and the reality of the lives of Muslim communities in Europe? The discussion of these and other questions provides some answers to the research lacuna and sheds light on how Muslims in Israel cope with life in a Jewish majority country and in the shadow of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36662225" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="00b1de70cb89b5bccc657720aa232dd6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56617702,"asset_id":36662225,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56617702/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4OTg1MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="43597587" href="https://telaviv.academia.edu/ArikRudnitzky">Arik Rudnitzky</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="43597587" type="text/json">{"id":43597587,"first_name":"Arik","last_name":"Rudnitzky","domain_name":"telaviv","page_name":"ArikRudnitzky","display_name":"Arik Rudnitzky","profile_url":"https://telaviv.academia.edu/ArikRudnitzky?f_ri=12978","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/43597587/11655261/22723718/s65_arik.rudnitzky.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36662225 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36662225"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36662225, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36662225", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36662225]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36662225").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36662225").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36662225"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2604" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Israel_Studies">Israel Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2604" type="text/json">{"id":2604,"name":"Israel Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Israel_Studies?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12978" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_Minorities">Muslim Minorities</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12978" type="text/json">{"id":12978,"name":"Muslim Minorities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_Minorities?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="45019" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Movements_and_Political_Islam">Islamic Movements and Political Islam</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="45019" type="text/json">{"id":45019,"name":"Islamic Movements and Political Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Movements_and_Political_Islam?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="959534" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabs_In_Israel">Arabs In Israel</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="959534" type="text/json">{"id":959534,"name":"Arabs In Israel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabs_In_Israel?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36662225]'), work: {"id":36662225,"title":"Do the Jews have a right to self-determination in Palestine? Islamic discourse in Israel. In: Meir Hatina and Mohammad al-Atawnah (editors), Muslims in the Jewish State: Religion, Politics, Society (Hakibutz Hameuchad, 2018) [Hebrew]","created_at":"2018-05-18T01:04:04.920-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36662225/Do_the_Jews_have_a_right_to_self_determination_in_Palestine_Islamic_discourse_in_Israel_In_Meir_Hatina_and_Mohammad_al_Atawnah_editors_Muslims_in_the_Jewish_State_Religion_Politics_Society_Hakibutz_Hameuchad_2018_Hebrew_?f_ri=12978","dom_id":"work_36662225","summary":"Islam in Israel is being treated in public and research discourse with general and unfocused terms. However, an in-depth study reveals a large Muslim community organized by religious, civil and political organizations, such as the Islamic Movement, the Sharia courts, the Sufism orders, Shiite associations and associations of Bedouins, women, young people and educators. Together, they create a fascinating mosaic of multi-faceted leadership that draws its path between tradition and Western modernity, thereby creating a multi-voice Islamic discourse.\r\nThis Book offers new insights into core issues concerning the status of the Muslim community in Israel, and presents the challenges and dilemmas facing it. The articles in the book deal with several key questions, including: Is there a local model of Islam with unique characteristics? Is it possible to identify elements of original religious thought? What is the reality of the life of the Muslim community in Israel and the reality of the lives of Muslim communities in Europe? The discussion of these and other questions provides some answers to the research lacuna and sheds light on how Muslims in Israel cope with life in a Jewish majority country and in the shadow of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56617702,"asset_id":36662225,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":43597587,"first_name":"Arik","last_name":"Rudnitzky","domain_name":"telaviv","page_name":"ArikRudnitzky","display_name":"Arik Rudnitzky","profile_url":"https://telaviv.academia.edu/ArikRudnitzky?f_ri=12978","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/43597587/11655261/22723718/s65_arik.rudnitzky.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2604,"name":"Israel Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Israel_Studies?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":12978,"name":"Muslim Minorities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_Minorities?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":45019,"name":"Islamic Movements and Political Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Movements_and_Political_Islam?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":959534,"name":"Arabs In Israel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabs_In_Israel?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_310666" data-work_id="310666" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/310666/Islamic_Radicalism_and_Multicultural_Politics_The_British_Experience">Islamic Radicalism and Multicultural Politics: The British Experience</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The expression of an Islamic political radicalism in Britain has been one of the most dramatic developments in recent decades. Islamic Radicalism and Multicultural Politics explores the nature of this phenomenon by analysing the origins... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_310666" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The expression of an Islamic political radicalism in Britain has been one of the most dramatic developments in recent decades. Islamic Radicalism and Multicultural Politics explores the nature of this phenomenon by analysing the origins of Islam and its historical contact with Western Europe and Britain, and the emergence of Islamic political radicalism in the Muslim world and in the West.<br /><br />Tahir Abbas draws on historical analysis and contemporary case studies to explore the post-war immigration and integration of Muslim groups, the complex relations that exist between a secular liberal Britain and a diverse but multifaceted Islam, and the extent of social and economic inequalities that affect Muslims as individual citizens and in local area communities. He shows how violent extremism among British Muslims is in reality influenced by a range of issues, including the factors of globalisation and contemporary politics, media and culture. Analysing and dissecting public policy, Abbas offers suggestions for tackling the major social, political and economic questions facing British Muslims in the post-7/7 era.<br /><br />An important contribution to the study of religion, ‘race’ and ethnicity in modern Britain, this accessible work will be of interest to anyone working in the field of Islamic studies, sociology and political radicalism.<br /><br />Reviews<br /><br />‘Much of the commentary on Islam today is shrill and one-dimensional which further widens the gap between Muslims and non-Muslims. Because Tahir Abbas’ Islamic Radicalism and Multicultural Politics is reasoned, scholarly and aims to provide historical context it is a powerful corrective. Being both British and Muslim allows him to present us with a truly insider’s account.’ - Professor Akbar Ahmed, Ibn Khaldun Chair of Islamic Studies, American University<br /><br />‘In the face of so many superficial denunciations of radical Islam in Britain, Tahir Abbas provides an account that is both broad in its historical coverage and profound in its social analysis. In his sweep of several centuries of South Asian Islamic thinking, Abbas includes the conflicts engendered by British colonialism, and the complex processes of immigration and settlement in Britain. He is especially good in his own speciality, the patterns of inequality in education and in the labour market, through which he shows how the global growth in radical thinking can articulate with domestic social disparities. Here is a distinctive voice entering the debate.’ - John R. Bowen, Washington University in St. Louis.<br /><br />‘Terrorist incidents have created controversy about Islam and Muslims, and British Muslims have been part of this debate. Media and lay people take a very superficial view and blame Islam and Muslims for radicalisation. This book is an in-depth study of the causes of radicalisation of a section of British Muslims. It is a very useful study indeed and all those who want to understand this complex phenomenon should read the book: Dr Abbas has done a good job!’ - Dr. Asghar Ali Engineer, Centre for Study of Society and Secularism, India<br /><br />‘A remarkable book, well researched, comprehensive in its coverage and highly relevant to contemporary British political concerns.’ - John Rex, Professor Emeritus, Department of Sociology, Warwick University"</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/310666" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e6756b5fe530431a8e6af440359e33b7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53271243,"asset_id":310666,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53271243/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4OTg1MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="201497" href="https://campusdenhaag.academia.edu/TahirAbbas">Tahir Abbas</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="201497" type="text/json">{"id":201497,"first_name":"Tahir","last_name":"Abbas","domain_name":"campusdenhaag","page_name":"TahirAbbas","display_name":"Tahir Abbas","profile_url":"https://campusdenhaag.academia.edu/TahirAbbas?f_ri=12978","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/201497/47430/42033120/s65_tahir.abbas.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_310666 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="310666"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 310666, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_310666", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=310666]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_310666").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_310666").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="310666"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">46</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="184" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology">Sociology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="184" type="text/json">{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="189" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminology">Criminology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="189" type="text/json">{"id":189,"name":"Criminology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminology?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="201" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Sociology">Political Sociology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="201" type="text/json">{"id":201,"name":"Political Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Sociology?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=310666]'), work: {"id":310666,"title":"Islamic Radicalism and Multicultural Politics: The British Experience","created_at":"2010-08-28T00:10:43.546-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/310666/Islamic_Radicalism_and_Multicultural_Politics_The_British_Experience?f_ri=12978","dom_id":"work_310666","summary":"The expression of an Islamic political radicalism in Britain has been one of the most dramatic developments in recent decades. Islamic Radicalism and Multicultural Politics explores the nature of this phenomenon by analysing the origins of Islam and its historical contact with Western Europe and Britain, and the emergence of Islamic political radicalism in the Muslim world and in the West.\n\nTahir Abbas draws on historical analysis and contemporary case studies to explore the post-war immigration and integration of Muslim groups, the complex relations that exist between a secular liberal Britain and a diverse but multifaceted Islam, and the extent of social and economic inequalities that affect Muslims as individual citizens and in local area communities. He shows how violent extremism among British Muslims is in reality influenced by a range of issues, including the factors of globalisation and contemporary politics, media and culture. Analysing and dissecting public policy, Abbas offers suggestions for tackling the major social, political and economic questions facing British Muslims in the post-7/7 era.\n\nAn important contribution to the study of religion, ‘race’ and ethnicity in modern Britain, this accessible work will be of interest to anyone working in the field of Islamic studies, sociology and political radicalism.\n\nReviews\n\n‘Much of the commentary on Islam today is shrill and one-dimensional which further widens the gap between Muslims and non-Muslims. Because Tahir Abbas’ Islamic Radicalism and Multicultural Politics is reasoned, scholarly and aims to provide historical context it is a powerful corrective. Being both British and Muslim allows him to present us with a truly insider’s account.’ - Professor Akbar Ahmed, Ibn Khaldun Chair of Islamic Studies, American University\n\n‘In the face of so many superficial denunciations of radical Islam in Britain, Tahir Abbas provides an account that is both broad in its historical coverage and profound in its social analysis. In his sweep of several centuries of South Asian Islamic thinking, Abbas includes the conflicts engendered by British colonialism, and the complex processes of immigration and settlement in Britain. He is especially good in his own speciality, the patterns of inequality in education and in the labour market, through which he shows how the global growth in radical thinking can articulate with domestic social disparities. Here is a distinctive voice entering the debate.’ - John R. Bowen, Washington University in St. Louis.\n\n‘Terrorist incidents have created controversy about Islam and Muslims, and British Muslims have been part of this debate. Media and lay people take a very superficial view and blame Islam and Muslims for radicalisation. This book is an in-depth study of the causes of radicalisation of a section of British Muslims. It is a very useful study indeed and all those who want to understand this complex phenomenon should read the book: Dr Abbas has done a good job!’ - Dr. Asghar Ali Engineer, Centre for Study of Society and Secularism, India\n\n‘A remarkable book, well researched, comprehensive in its coverage and highly relevant to contemporary British political concerns.’ - John Rex, Professor Emeritus, Department of Sociology, Warwick University\"","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53271243,"asset_id":310666,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":201497,"first_name":"Tahir","last_name":"Abbas","domain_name":"campusdenhaag","page_name":"TahirAbbas","display_name":"Tahir 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})();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38636968" data-work_id="38636968" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38636968/Uses_of_the_Past_Shar%C4%ABa_and_Gender_in_Legal_Theory_and_Practice_in_Palestine_and_Israel">Uses of the Past:: Sharī'a and Gender in Legal Theory and Practice in Palestine and Israel</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The cases of Israel and Palestine offer a particularly interesting vantage point for analyzing ‘uses of the past’. Both states’ legal trajectories follow from developments in the late Ottoman and British Mandate (1922–1948) periods, and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38636968" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The cases of Israel and Palestine offer a particularly interesting vantage point for analyzing ‘uses of the past’. Both states’ legal trajectories follow from developments in the late Ottoman and British Mandate (1922–1948) periods, and their legal frameworks are characterized by an interesting overlapping of legislations and legal traditions. At the same time, the different political and social contextual frameworks in which Palestinian Muslims operate (living in Palestine, i.e. West Bank and Gaza Strip, or inside Israel) have a profound impact on legal debates and the practical solutions devised by judges and practitioners. This poses unusual challenges to Palestinian Muslim legal theorists and practitioners about how to face modernity and social change, leading to an interesting debate among scholars of legal pluralism, legal anthropology and Muslim law. <br />The book Uses of the Past focuses on the relationship between Gender and Sharīʿa, aiming at analyzing how the past of Muslim tradition is invoked when dealing with gender issues and family law and how it is used to support legal change and reform in contemporary Muslim discourse. This edited volume is one of the outcomes of the HERA (Humanities in the European Research Area) project “Understanding Sharīʿa: Past Perfect, Imperfect Present” (US-PPIP) and includes eight articles by international scholars and practitioners.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38636968" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="54ddd9d1f702380e17ee31124589b75b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58714660,"asset_id":38636968,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58714660/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4OTg1MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="19815415" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NijmiEdres">Nijmi Edres</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="19815415" type="text/json">{"id":19815415,"first_name":"Nijmi","last_name":"Edres","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NijmiEdres","display_name":"Nijmi Edres","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NijmiEdres?f_ri=12978","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/19815415/7385789/114378852/s65_nijmi.edres.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38636968 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38636968"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38636968, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38636968", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38636968]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38636968").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38636968").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38636968"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="540" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law">Islamic Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="540" type="text/json">{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2604" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Israel_Studies">Israel Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2604" type="text/json">{"id":2604,"name":"Israel Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Israel_Studies?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4586" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Womens_Rights">Women's Rights</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4586" type="text/json">{"id":4586,"name":"Women's Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Womens_Rights?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5196" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_Family_Law">Muslim Family Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5196" type="text/json">{"id":5196,"name":"Muslim Family Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_Family_Law?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38636968]'), work: {"id":38636968,"title":"Uses of the Past:: Sharī'a and Gender in Legal Theory and Practice in Palestine and Israel","created_at":"2019-03-26T09:01:35.011-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38636968/Uses_of_the_Past_Shar%C4%ABa_and_Gender_in_Legal_Theory_and_Practice_in_Palestine_and_Israel?f_ri=12978","dom_id":"work_38636968","summary":"The cases of Israel and Palestine offer a particularly interesting vantage point for analyzing ‘uses of the past’. Both states’ legal trajectories follow from developments in the late Ottoman and British Mandate (1922–1948) periods, and their legal frameworks are characterized by an interesting overlapping of legislations and legal traditions. At the same time, the different political and social contextual frameworks in which Palestinian Muslims operate (living in Palestine, i.e. West Bank and Gaza Strip, or inside Israel) have a profound impact on legal debates and the practical solutions devised by judges and practitioners. This poses unusual challenges to Palestinian Muslim legal theorists and practitioners about how to face modernity and social change, leading to an interesting debate among scholars of legal pluralism, legal anthropology and Muslim law. \nThe book Uses of the Past focuses on the relationship between Gender and Sharīʿa, aiming at analyzing how the past of Muslim tradition is invoked when dealing with gender issues and family law and how it is used to support legal change and reform in contemporary Muslim discourse. This edited volume is one of the outcomes of the HERA (Humanities in the European Research Area) project “Understanding Sharīʿa: Past Perfect, Imperfect Present” (US-PPIP) and includes eight articles by international scholars and practitioners.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58714660,"asset_id":38636968,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":19815415,"first_name":"Nijmi","last_name":"Edres","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NijmiEdres","display_name":"Nijmi Edres","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NijmiEdres?f_ri=12978","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/19815415/7385789/114378852/s65_nijmi.edres.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":2604,"name":"Israel Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Israel_Studies?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":4586,"name":"Women's Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Womens_Rights?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":5196,"name":"Muslim Family Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_Family_Law?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":6184,"name":"Israel/Palestine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Israel_Palestine?f_ri=12978"},{"id":6693,"name":"Palestine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palestine?f_ri=12978"},{"id":12978,"name":"Muslim Minorities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_Minorities?f_ri=12978"},{"id":34642,"name":"Israel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Israel?f_ri=12978"},{"id":54974,"name":"Women and gender in Muslim societies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Women_and_gender_in_Muslim_societies?f_ri=12978"},{"id":120972,"name":"Muslims","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslims?f_ri=12978"},{"id":1223711,"name":"Contemporary Muslim society","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_Muslim_society?f_ri=12978"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24850873" data-work_id="24850873" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24850873/Alternative_Histories_Narratives_from_the_Middle_East_and_Mediterranean_Series_Editor_s_Sargon_Donabed">Alternative Histories: Narratives from the Middle East and Mediterranean Series Editor(s): Sargon Donabed</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This new series provides a forum for exchange on a myriad of alternative histories of marginalized communities and individuals in the Near and Middle East and Mediterranean, and those of Middle Eastern or Mediterranean heritage. It will... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_24850873" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This new series provides a forum for exchange on a myriad of alternative histories of marginalized communities and individuals in the Near and Middle East and Mediterranean, and those of Middle Eastern or Mediterranean heritage. It will highlight thematic issues relating to various native peoples and their narratives and – with particular contemporary relevance – explore encounters with the notion of ‘other’ within various societies. Often moving beyond the conventional state-centred and dominant monolithic approach, or reinterpreting previously accepted stories, books in the series examine and explain themes from inter-communal relations, environment, health and society, and will explore ethnic, communal, racial, linguistic and religious developments that go beyond geopolitical compositions. <br /> <br />Building on the foundations of scholarship within an interdisciplinary framework, this series spans the continuum of Near Eastern and Mediterranean traditions extending from the fourth millennium B.C. to the present – bridging previous fields which originally had little connection with each other. The aim is to enhance perspectives by applying various methodological approaches to dilemmas that have in the past been treated as the exclusive concern of a single given discipline. <br /> <br />Key Features <br /> <br />Creates a forum for marginalized and/or indigenous communities to engage with the ‘accepted past and present’ and to challenge previously accepted truths <br />Opens a dialogue for alternative intellectual histories/narratives <br />The first series to focus on indigenous and minoritized related narratives from the understudied and often marginal perspective <br />Covers cultural, linguistic, ethnic, gendered, political, numerical and economic communities in the Near and Middle East, the Mediterranean and its extended environs <br />Engages with all periods of history from the ancient world to the present day, especially in terms of continuity of culture, cultural heritage and heritage preservation <br />Communities studied may include Alawites, Alevis, Armenians, Assyrians, Christians, Copts, Druze, Jews, Mandaens, Maronites, Palestinians, Pontian/ Anatolian Greeks, Samaritans, Shabbaks, Yezidis and Zoroastrians among others</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24850873" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="83192d544f61aeb4d203e24218a62fe6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45173866,"asset_id":24850873,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45173866/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4OTg1MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="784089" href="https://rwu.academia.edu/SargonDonabed">Sargon Donabed</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="784089" type="text/json">{"id":784089,"first_name":"Sargon","last_name":"Donabed","domain_name":"rwu","page_name":"SargonDonabed","display_name":"Sargon Donabed","profile_url":"https://rwu.academia.edu/SargonDonabed?f_ri=12978","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/784089/1082792/11323320/s65_sargon.donabed.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24850873 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24850873"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24850873, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24850873", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=24850873]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_24850873").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_24850873").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="24850873"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">105</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl11x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="97" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philology">Philology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="97" type="text/json">{"id":97,"name":"Philology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philology?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="106" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion">Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="106" type="text/json">{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="113" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="113" type="text/json">{"id":113,"name":"Buddhism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Buddhism?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="123" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_And_Folklore">Mythology And Folklore</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="123" type="text/json">{"id":123,"name":"Mythology And Folklore","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_And_Folklore?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=24850873]'), work: {"id":24850873,"title":"Alternative Histories: Narratives from the Middle East and Mediterranean Series Editor(s): Sargon Donabed","created_at":"2016-04-28T10:07:57.845-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/24850873/Alternative_Histories_Narratives_from_the_Middle_East_and_Mediterranean_Series_Editor_s_Sargon_Donabed?f_ri=12978","dom_id":"work_24850873","summary":"This new series provides a forum for exchange on a myriad of alternative histories of marginalized communities and individuals in the Near and Middle East and Mediterranean, and those of Middle Eastern or Mediterranean heritage. It will highlight thematic issues relating to various native peoples and their narratives and – with particular contemporary relevance – explore encounters with the notion of ‘other’ within various societies. Often moving beyond the conventional state-centred and dominant monolithic approach, or reinterpreting previously accepted stories, books in the series examine and explain themes from inter-communal relations, environment, health and society, and will explore ethnic, communal, racial, linguistic and religious developments that go beyond geopolitical compositions.\r\n\r\nBuilding on the foundations of scholarship within an interdisciplinary framework, this series spans the continuum of Near Eastern and Mediterranean traditions extending from the fourth millennium B.C. to the present – bridging previous fields which originally had little connection with each other. The aim is to enhance perspectives by applying various methodological approaches to dilemmas that have in the past been treated as the exclusive concern of a single given discipline.\r\n\r\nKey Features\r\n\r\nCreates a forum for marginalized and/or indigenous communities to engage with the ‘accepted past and present’ and to challenge previously accepted truths\r\nOpens a dialogue for alternative intellectual histories/narratives\r\nThe first series to focus on indigenous and minoritized related narratives from the understudied and often marginal perspective\r\nCovers cultural, linguistic, ethnic, gendered, political, numerical and economic communities in the Near and Middle East, the Mediterranean and its extended environs\r\nEngages with all periods of history from the ancient world to the present day, especially in terms of continuity of culture, cultural heritage and heritage preservation\r\nCommunities studied may include Alawites, Alevis, Armenians, Assyrians, Christians, Copts, Druze, Jews, Mandaens, Maronites, Palestinians, Pontian/ Anatolian Greeks, Samaritans, Shabbaks, Yezidis and Zoroastrians among others","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45173866,"asset_id":24850873,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":784089,"first_name":"Sargon","last_name":"Donabed","domain_name":"rwu","page_name":"SargonDonabed","display_name":"Sargon Donabed","profile_url":"https://rwu.academia.edu/SargonDonabed?f_ri=12978","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/784089/1082792/11323320/s65_sargon.donabed.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":97,"name":"Philology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philology?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":113,"name":"Buddhism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Buddhism?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":123,"name":"Mythology And Folklore","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_And_Folklore?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=12978"},{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=12978"},{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=12978"},{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=12978"},{"id":201,"name":"Political Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Sociology?f_ri=12978"},{"id":294,"name":"Ethnic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnic_Studies?f_ri=12978"},{"id":394,"name":"Egyptology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Egyptology?f_ri=12978"},{"id":397,"name":"Near Eastern Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Near_Eastern_Archaeology?f_ri=12978"},{"id":659,"name":"Comparative Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Literature?f_ri=12978"},{"id":696,"name":"Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies?f_ri=12978"},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=12978"},{"id":788,"name":"Mythology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology?f_ri=12978"},{"id":796,"name":"Comparative Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Politics?f_ri=12978"},{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=12978"},{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=12978"},{"id":813,"name":"Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Philosophy?f_ri=12978"},{"id":826,"name":"Greek Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_Literature?f_ri=12978"},{"id":828,"name":"Greek 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href="https://www.academia.edu/26553542/Book_Review_of_A_G_Nooranis_The_Destruction_of_Hyderabad_pdf">Book Review of A.G Noorani's The Destruction of Hyderabad.pdf</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Ghazalan tum to waqif ho, kaho Majnoon ke marney ki Diwana mar gaya aakhir ko, weerane pe kya guzri (Oh gazelles! You certainly know – tell us of the death of Majnoon. The frenzied lover died at last, but what befell the wilderness?) Raja... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_26553542" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Ghazalan tum to waqif ho, kaho Majnoon ke marney ki<br />Diwana mar gaya aakhir ko, weerane pe kya guzri<br />(Oh gazelles! You certainly know – tell us of the death of Majnoon.<br />The frenzied lover died at last, but what befell the wilderness?)<br />Raja Ram Narain Mauzun’s couplet, quoted by A. G. Noorani in The Destruction of Hyderabad (2013) (<a href="http://www.amazon.com/TheDestructionHyderabadAGNoorani/" rel="nofollow">http://www.amazon.com/TheDestructionHyderabadAGNoorani/</a><br />dp/1849044392/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1397533210&sr=81&<br />keywords=ag+noorani+the+destruction+of+hyderabad), fully embodies the spirit of the book. While Mauzun lamented the tragedy of the Battle of Plassey (1757), Noorani relates the couplet to the Sepoy Mutiny (1857), the tragedy of Partition (1947), and, also, to the 1948 military invasion of Hyderabad. The book is an addition to the already existing body of scholarship on historical dialogues between the newly Independent India and the Princely State of Hyderabad; more specifically on the latter’s accession by the former. Noorani, an advocate by profession and a prolific writer, has previously written on various other political issues. This book is part of a trilogy consisting of Jinnah and Tilak: Comrades in the Freedom Struggle (2010) and The Kashmir Dispute: 1947-2012<br />(2013).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26553542" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e5b588a9499b0695225c1c3f1278d884" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46846964,"asset_id":26553542,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46846964/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4OTg1MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="39929943" href="https://uohyd.academia.edu/SafiaBegum">Safia Begum</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="39929943" type="text/json">{"id":39929943,"first_name":"Safia","last_name":"Begum","domain_name":"uohyd","page_name":"SafiaBegum","display_name":"Safia Begum","profile_url":"https://uohyd.academia.edu/SafiaBegum?f_ri=12978","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/39929943/86040548/74699060/s65_safia.begum.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26553542 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26553542"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26553542, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_26553542", }); 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You certainly know – tell us of the death of Majnoon.\nThe frenzied lover died at last, but what befell the wilderness?)\nRaja Ram Narain Mauzun’s couplet, quoted by A. G. Noorani in The Destruction of Hyderabad (2013) (http://www.amazon.com/TheDestructionHyderabadAGNoorani/\ndp/1849044392/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8\u0026qid=1397533210\u0026sr=81\u0026\nkeywords=ag+noorani+the+destruction+of+hyderabad), fully embodies the spirit of the book. While Mauzun lamented the tragedy of the Battle of Plassey (1757), Noorani relates the couplet to the Sepoy Mutiny (1857), the tragedy of Partition (1947), and, also, to the 1948 military invasion of Hyderabad. The book is an addition to the already existing body of scholarship on historical dialogues between the newly Independent India and the Princely State of Hyderabad; more specifically on the latter’s accession by the former. Noorani, an advocate by profession and a prolific writer, has previously written on various other political issues. This book is part of a trilogy consisting of Jinnah and Tilak: Comrades in the Freedom Struggle (2010) and The Kashmir Dispute: 1947-2012\n(2013).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46846964,"asset_id":26553542,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":39929943,"first_name":"Safia","last_name":"Begum","domain_name":"uohyd","page_name":"SafiaBegum","display_name":"Safia Begum","profile_url":"https://uohyd.academia.edu/SafiaBegum?f_ri=12978","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/39929943/86040548/74699060/s65_safia.begum.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":11310,"name":"Partition literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Partition_literature?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":12978,"name":"Muslim Minorities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_Minorities?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":591879,"name":"Police Action","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police_Action?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":925057,"name":"Nizams of Hyderabad","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nizams_of_Hyderabad?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_20017519" data-work_id="20017519" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20017519/Tatar_Mahalla_in_Finland_History_and_Present_in_Russian_">Tatar Mahalla in Finland (History and Present) (in Russian)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20017519" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7a5a8f3a87fd33978325050e16dfd512" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40958847,"asset_id":20017519,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40958847/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4OTg1MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1653250" href="https://oulu.academia.edu/RomanHautala">Roman Hautala</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1653250" type="text/json">{"id":1653250,"first_name":"Roman","last_name":"Hautala","domain_name":"oulu","page_name":"RomanHautala","display_name":"Roman Hautala","profile_url":"https://oulu.academia.edu/RomanHautala?f_ri=12978","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1653250/2930205/8793606/s65_roman.hautala.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_20017519 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="20017519"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 20017519, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_20017519", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=20017519]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_20017519").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_20017519").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="20017519"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12978" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_Minorities">Muslim Minorities</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12978" type="text/json">{"id":12978,"name":"Muslim Minorities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_Minorities?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="192847" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tatars">Tatars</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="192847" type="text/json">{"id":192847,"name":"Tatars","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tatars?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="617676" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/history_of_the_Tatar_people">history of the Tatar people</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="617676" type="text/json">{"id":617676,"name":"history of the Tatar people","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/history_of_the_Tatar_people?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="908434" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tatar_diaspora">Tatar diaspora</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="908434" type="text/json">{"id":908434,"name":"Tatar diaspora","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tatar_diaspora?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=20017519]'), work: {"id":20017519,"title":"Tatar Mahalla in Finland (History and Present) (in Russian)","created_at":"2016-01-04T11:10:36.051-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/20017519/Tatar_Mahalla_in_Finland_History_and_Present_in_Russian_?f_ri=12978","dom_id":"work_20017519","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40958847,"asset_id":20017519,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1653250,"first_name":"Roman","last_name":"Hautala","domain_name":"oulu","page_name":"RomanHautala","display_name":"Roman Hautala","profile_url":"https://oulu.academia.edu/RomanHautala?f_ri=12978","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1653250/2930205/8793606/s65_roman.hautala.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":12978,"name":"Muslim Minorities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_Minorities?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":192847,"name":"Tatars","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tatars?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":617676,"name":"history of the Tatar people","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/history_of_the_Tatar_people?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":908434,"name":"Tatar diaspora","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tatar_diaspora?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11227642" data-work_id="11227642" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11227642/The_Stereotyping_of_Muslims_in_the_Media">The Stereotyping of Muslims in the Media</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">News articles about Islam and Muslims are frequently featured in all kinds of media outlets, and this trend has increased dramatically ever since the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center in New York City. Studies have shown that from... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11227642" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">News articles about Islam and Muslims are frequently featured in all kinds of media outlets, and this trend has increased dramatically ever since the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center in New York City. Studies have shown that from that time on, reports featuring Muslims have been predominantly negative: Islam is portrayed as a primitive and violent religion, Muslim men as “terrorists”, “fundamentalists” and “radicals”, and Muslim women as “oppressed”. This paper aims to explore the kinds of Muslim stereotypes presented in the media. <br /><br />Key words: Islam, Muslim, Stereotype, Media.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11227642" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="dfb7e14e75c9f756740b3fb1ea5655e3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36840677,"asset_id":11227642,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36840677/download_file?st=MTc0MDU4OTg1MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="22121518" href="https://ticaret.academia.edu/ShqipePalloshi">Shqipe Palloshi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="22121518" type="text/json">{"id":22121518,"first_name":"Shqipe","last_name":"Palloshi","domain_name":"ticaret","page_name":"ShqipePalloshi","display_name":"Shqipe Palloshi","profile_url":"https://ticaret.academia.edu/ShqipePalloshi?f_ri=12978","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/22121518/6048282/7153349/s65_shqipe.palloshi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11227642 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11227642"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11227642, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11227642", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11227642]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11227642").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11227642").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11227642"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="928" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Studies">Media Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="928" type="text/json">{"id":928,"name":"Media Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Studies?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6245" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stereotypes_and_Prejudice">Stereotypes and Prejudice</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6245" type="text/json">{"id":6245,"name":"Stereotypes and Prejudice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stereotypes_and_Prejudice?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11150" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies">Islamic Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11150" type="text/json">{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12978" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_Minorities">Muslim Minorities</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12978" type="text/json">{"id":12978,"name":"Muslim Minorities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_Minorities?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11227642]'), work: {"id":11227642,"title":"The Stereotyping of Muslims in the Media","created_at":"2015-03-03T05:07:59.570-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11227642/The_Stereotyping_of_Muslims_in_the_Media?f_ri=12978","dom_id":"work_11227642","summary":"News articles about Islam and Muslims are frequently featured in all kinds of media outlets, and this trend has increased dramatically ever since the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center in New York City. Studies have shown that from that time on, reports featuring Muslims have been predominantly negative: Islam is portrayed as a primitive and violent religion, Muslim men as “terrorists”, “fundamentalists” and “radicals”, and Muslim women as “oppressed”. This paper aims to explore the kinds of Muslim stereotypes presented in the media. \n\nKey words: Islam, Muslim, Stereotype, Media. \n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36840677,"asset_id":11227642,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":22121518,"first_name":"Shqipe","last_name":"Palloshi","domain_name":"ticaret","page_name":"ShqipePalloshi","display_name":"Shqipe Palloshi","profile_url":"https://ticaret.academia.edu/ShqipePalloshi?f_ri=12978","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/22121518/6048282/7153349/s65_shqipe.palloshi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":928,"name":"Media Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Studies?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":6245,"name":"Stereotypes and Prejudice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stereotypes_and_Prejudice?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true},{"id":12978,"name":"Muslim Minorities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_Minorities?f_ri=12978","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="u-taCenter Pagination"><ul class="pagination"><li class="next_page"><a href="/Documents/in/Muslim_Minorities?after=50%2C11227642" rel="next">Next</a></li><li class="last next"><a href="/Documents/in/Muslim_Minorities?page=last">Last »</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="hidden-xs hidden-sm"><div class="u-pl6x"><div style="width: 300px;"><div class="panel panel-flat u-mt7x"><div class="panel-heading u-p5x"><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-taCenter u-fw700 u-textUppercase">Related Topics</div></div><ul class="list-group"><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" 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