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cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> Language </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=KLF4" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> Watch </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="/w/index.php?title=KLF4&action=edit" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> Edit </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Klf4&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Klf4">Klf4</a>)</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4; gut-enriched Krüppel-like factor or GKLF) is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Kruppel-like_factors" title="Kruppel-like factors">KLF family</a> of <a href="/wiki/Zinc_finger_transcription_factors" class="mw-redirect" title="Zinc finger transcription factors">zinc finger transcription factors</a>, which belongs to the relatively large family of <a href="/wiki/Sp1_transcription_factor" class="mw-redirect" title="Sp1 transcription factor">SP1</a>-like transcription factors.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid11137451-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> KLF4 is involved in the regulation of <a href="/wiki/Cell_proliferation" title="Cell proliferation">proliferation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cellular_differentiation" title="Cellular differentiation">differentiation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apoptosis" title="Apoptosis">apoptosis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Somatic_cell" title="Somatic cell">somatic cell</a> reprogramming. Evidence also suggests that KLF4 is a <a href="/wiki/Tumor_suppressor" class="mw-redirect" title="Tumor suppressor">tumor suppressor</a> in certain <a href="/wiki/Cancers" class="mw-redirect" title="Cancers">cancers</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Colorectal_cancer" title="Colorectal cancer">colorectal cancer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> It has three C2H2-<a href="/wiki/Zinc_fingers" class="mw-redirect" title="Zinc fingers">zinc fingers</a> at its <a href="/wiki/Carboxyl_terminus" class="mw-redirect" title="Carboxyl terminus">carboxyl terminus</a> that are closely related to another KLF, <a href="/wiki/KLF2" title="KLF2">KLF2</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pmid11137451-6">[6]</a> It has two <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_localization_sequences" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear localization sequences">nuclear localization sequences</a> that signals it to localize to the nucleus.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Embryonic_stem_cells" class="mw-redirect" title="Embryonic stem cells">embryonic stem cells</a> (ESCs), KLF4 has been demonstrated to be a good indicator of stem-like capacity. It is suggested that the same is true in <a href="/wiki/Mesenchymal_stem_cells" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesenchymal stem cells">mesenchymal stem cells</a> (MSCs). <table class="infobox" style="width:26.4em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold">KLF4</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/File:KLF4_prot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/KLF4_prot.png/250px-KLF4_prot.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/KLF4_prot.png/375px-KLF4_prot.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/KLF4_prot.png/500px-KLF4_prot.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="975"></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><table style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important;color:inherit">Available structures</th></tr><tr><th rowspan="2" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit;width:43px"><a href="/wiki/Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">PDB</a></th><td colspan="2" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit">Ortholog search: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/searchResults.html?display=both&term=Q60793%20or%20O43474">PDBe</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/search?q=rcsb_polymer_entity_container_identifiers.reference_sequence_identifiers.database_name:UniProt%20AND%20rcsb_polymer_entity_container_identifiers.reference_sequence_identifiers.database_accession:Q60793,O43474">RCSB</a> </td></tr><tr><td><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr style="text-align:center"><th colspan="2" style="background-color:light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important;color:inherit">List of PDB id codes</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2WBS">2WBS</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2WBU">2WBU</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/4M9E">4M9E</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important;color:inherit">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="/wiki/Gene_nomenclature" title="Gene nomenclature">Aliases</a></th><td colspan="3" style="background:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/6348">KLF4</a>, EZF, GKLF, Kruppel-like factor 4 (gut), Kruppel like factor 4</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">External IDs</th><td colspan="3" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><a href="/wiki/Mendelian_Inheritance_in_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Mendelian Inheritance in Man">OMIM</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omim.org/entry/602253">602253</a>; <a href="/wiki/Mouse_Genome_Informatics" title="Mouse Genome Informatics">MGI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.informatics.jax.org/marker/MGI:1342287">1342287</a>; <a href="/wiki/HomoloGene" title="HomoloGene">HomoloGene</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=homologene&dopt=HomoloGene&list_uids=3123">3123</a>; <a href="/wiki/GeneCards" title="GeneCards">GeneCards</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=KLF4">KLF4</a>; <a href="/wiki/Orthologous_MAtrix" title="Orthologous MAtrix">OMA</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omabrowser.org/oma/vps/ENSG00000136826">KLF4 - orthologs</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important;color:inherit">Gene location (<a href="/wiki/Human_genome" title="Human genome">Human</a>)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><a href="/wiki/File:Ideogram_human_chromosome_9.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 9 (human)"><img alt="Chromosome 9 (human)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Ideogram_human_chromosome_9.svg/300px-Ideogram_human_chromosome_9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Ideogram_human_chromosome_9.svg/450px-Ideogram_human_chromosome_9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Ideogram_human_chromosome_9.svg/600px-Ideogram_human_chromosome_9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="474" data-file-height="189"></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" width="15%" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="/wiki/Chromosome" title="Chromosome">Chr.</a></th><td colspan="3" width="85%" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><a href="/wiki/Chromosome_9_(human)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromosome 9 (human)">Chromosome 9 (human)</a><a href="#cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><div align="center"><div style="position: relative; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Human_chromosome_9_ideogram.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 9 (human)"><img alt="Chromosome 9 (human)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Human_chromosome_9_ideogram.svg/300px-Human_chromosome_9_ideogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Human_chromosome_9_ideogram.svg/450px-Human_chromosome_9_ideogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Human_chromosome_9_ideogram.svg/600px-Human_chromosome_9_ideogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="216"></a><div style="position: absolute; left: 223.04579721381px; top: 2px; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/File:HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for KLF4"><img alt="Genomic location for KLF4" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/14px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/21px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/28px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="142" data-file-height="142"></a></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 229px; top: 19px; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_rectangle_2x18.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for KLF4"><img alt="Genomic location for KLF4" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Red_rectangle_2x18.png" decoding="async" width="2" height="18" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2" data-file-height="18"></a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" rowspan="2" width="15%" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="/wiki/Locus_(genetics)" title="Locus (genetics)">Band</a></th><td rowspan="2" width="35%" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit">9q31.2</td><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">Start</th><td style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit">107,484,852 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><a href="#cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">End</th><td style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit">107,490,482 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><a href="#cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1">[1]</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important;color:inherit">Gene location (<a href="/wiki/Laboratory_mouse" title="Laboratory mouse">Mouse</a>)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><a href="/wiki/File:Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_4.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 4 (mouse)"><img alt="Chromosome 4 (mouse)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_4.svg/260px-Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_4.svg/390px-Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_4.svg/520px-Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="470" data-file-height="200"></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" width="15%" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="/wiki/Chromosome" title="Chromosome">Chr.</a></th><td colspan="3" width="85%" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit">Chromosome 4 (mouse)<a href="#cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><div align="center"><div style="position: relative; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_4.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 4 (mouse)"><img alt="Chromosome 4 (mouse)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_4.svg/300px-Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_4.svg/450px-Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_4.svg/600px-Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="231"></a><div style="position: absolute; left: 98.959821780485px; top: 2px; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/File:HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for KLF4"><img alt="Genomic location for KLF4" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/14px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/21px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/28px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="142" data-file-height="142"></a></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 105px; top: 19px; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_rectangle_2x18.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for KLF4"><img alt="Genomic location for KLF4" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Red_rectangle_2x18.png" decoding="async" width="2" height="18" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2" data-file-height="18"></a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" rowspan="2" width="15%" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="/wiki/Locus_(genetics)" title="Locus (genetics)">Band</a></th><td rowspan="2" width="35%" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit">4 B3|4 29.76 cM</td><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">Start</th><td style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit">55,527,143 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><a href="#cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">End</th><td style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit">55,532,466 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><a href="#cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2">[2]</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important;color:inherit"><a href="/wiki/Gene_expression" title="Gene expression">RNA expression</a> pattern</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/">Bgee</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Human_genome" title="Human genome">Human</a></th><th><a href="/wiki/Laboratory_mouse" title="Laboratory mouse">Mouse</a> (ortholog)</th></tr><tr><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSG00000136826">Top expressed in</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><div class="plainlinks" style="margin:-12px 0px -10px 0px"><ul style="line-height:15%;margin:9px"><li style="line-height: 137%;">skin of thigh</li> <li style="line-height: 137%;">skin of hip</li> <li style="line-height: 137%;">human penis</li> <li style="line-height: 137%;">mucosa of sigmoid colon</li> <li style="line-height: 137%;">synovial joint</li> <li style="line-height: 137%;">skin of arm</li> <li style="line-height: 137%;">skin of abdomen</li> <li style="line-height: 137%;">vulva</li> <li style="line-height: 137%;">jejunal mucosa</li> <li style="line-height: 137%;">mucosa of pharynx</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSMUSG00000003032">Top expressed in</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><div class="plainlinks" style="margin:-12px 0px -10px 0px"><ul style="line-height:15%;margin:9px"><li style="line-height: 137%;">epithelium of stomach</li> <li style="line-height: 137%;">mucous cell of stomach</li> <li style="line-height: 137%;">skin of external ear</li> <li style="line-height: 137%;">conjunctival fornix</li> <li style="line-height: 137%;">left colon</li> <li style="line-height: 137%;">pyloric antrum</li> <li style="line-height: 137%;">intestinal villus</li> <li style="line-height: 137%;">umbilical cord</li> <li style="line-height: 137%;">cervix</li> <li style="line-height: 137%;">stria vascularis</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSG00000136826">More reference expression data</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biogps.org/">BioGPS</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><a href="/wiki/File:PBB_GE_KLF4_221841_s_at_fs.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/PBB_GE_KLF4_221841_s_at_fs.png/250px-PBB_GE_KLF4_221841_s_at_fs.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/PBB_GE_KLF4_221841_s_at_fs.png/375px-PBB_GE_KLF4_221841_s_at_fs.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/PBB_GE_KLF4_221841_s_at_fs.png/500px-PBB_GE_KLF4_221841_s_at_fs.png 2x" data-file-width="732" data-file-height="530"></a> <a href="/wiki/File:PBB_GE_KLF4_220266_s_at_fs.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/PBB_GE_KLF4_220266_s_at_fs.png/250px-PBB_GE_KLF4_220266_s_at_fs.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/PBB_GE_KLF4_220266_s_at_fs.png/375px-PBB_GE_KLF4_220266_s_at_fs.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/PBB_GE_KLF4_220266_s_at_fs.png/500px-PBB_GE_KLF4_220266_s_at_fs.png 2x" data-file-width="732" data-file-height="530"></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biogps.org/gene/9314/">More reference expression data</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important;color:inherit"><a href="/wiki/Gene_ontology" class="mw-redirect" title="Gene ontology">Gene ontology</a></th></tr><tr><td style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit;font-weight:bold">Molecular function</td><td style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><div class="plainlinks"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0003677">DNA binding</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0043565">sequence-specific DNA binding</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0008013">beta-catenin binding</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0035014">phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulator activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0003700">DNA-binding transcription factor activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0008270">zinc ion binding</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0001228">DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0008134">transcription factor binding</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0000987">cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0046872">metal ion binding</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0001010">RNA polymerase II sequence-specific DNA-binding transcription factor recruiting activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005515">protein binding</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0003676">nucleic acid binding</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0003690">double-stranded DNA binding</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:1990841">promoter-specific chromatin binding</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0000978">RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0000981">DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0001221">transcription coregulator binding</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0042826">histone deacetylase binding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit;font-weight:bold">Cellular component</td><td style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><div class="plainlinks"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005737">cytoplasm</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005667">transcription regulator complex</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005654">nucleoplasm</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0000785">chromatin</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005634">nucleus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit;font-weight:bold">Biological process</td><td style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><div class="plainlinks"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:2000342">negative regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0009913">epidermal cell differentiation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0071300">cellular response to retinoic acid</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0051898">negative regulation of protein kinase B signaling</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0014740">negative regulation of muscle hyperplasia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0048662">negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0051247">positive regulation of protein metabolic process</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0043154">negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0048679">regulation of axon regeneration</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:1901653">cellular response to peptide</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0006355">regulation of transcription, DNA-templated</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0046985">positive regulation of hemoglobin biosynthetic process</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0032526">response to retinoic acid</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0035019">somatic stem cell population maintenance</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0071499">cellular response to laminar fluid shear stress</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0006357">regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0030154">cell differentiation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0048730">epidermis morphogenesis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0045429">positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0071363">cellular response to growth factor stimulus</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0071407">cellular response to organic cyclic compound</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0035166">post-embryonic hemopoiesis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0000122">negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0006366">transcription by RNA polymerase II</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0010033">response to organic substance</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0010629">negative regulation of gene expression</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0060761">negative regulation of response to cytokine stimulus</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0006351">transcription, DNA-templated</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0043433">negative regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0014067">negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0019827">stem cell population maintenance</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0090051">negative regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0010628">positive regulation of gene expression</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0030336">negative regulation of cell migration</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0042127">regulation of cell population proliferation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0031077">post-embryonic camera-type eye development</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0043551">regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0051973">positive regulation of telomerase activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0060070">canonical Wnt signaling pathway</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0070373">negative regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0045595">regulation of cell differentiation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0007500">mesodermal cell fate determination</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0034115">negative regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0045892">negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0032088">negative regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0071409">cellular response to cycloheximide</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0050728">negative regulation of inflammatory response</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0045444">fat cell differentiation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0045944">positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0008285">negative regulation of cell population proliferation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0070301">cellular response to hydrogen peroxide</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:1904998">negative regulation of leukocyte adhesion to arterial endothelial cell</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:1904798">positive regulation of core promoter binding</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:1990830">cellular response to leukemia inhibitory factor</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0016525">negative regulation of angiogenesis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0061614">pri-miRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:2000134">negative regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0045893">positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:1903672">positive regulation of sprouting angiogenesis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit;text-align:center">Sources:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/">Amigo</a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/">QuickGO</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><table class="collapsible" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important;color:inherit"><a href="/wiki/Orthologs" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthologs">Orthologs</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">Species</th><td>Human</td><td>Mouse</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="/wiki/Entrez" title="Entrez">Entrez</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=9314&rn=1">9314</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=16600&rn=1">16600</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="/wiki/Ensembl" class="mw-redirect" title="Ensembl">Ensembl</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/geneview?gene=ENSG00000136826;db=core">ENSG00000136826</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/Mus_musculus/geneview?gene=ENSMUSG00000003032;db=core">ENSMUSG00000003032</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="/wiki/UniProt" title="UniProt">UniProt</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O43474">O43474</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q60793">Q60793</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">RefSeq (mRNA)</th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001314052">NM_001314052</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_004235">NM_004235</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_010637">NM_010637</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">RefSeq (protein)</th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001300981">NP_001300981</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_004226">NP_004226</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_034767">NP_034767</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">Location (UCSC)</th><td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?org=Human&db=hg38&position=chr9:107484852-107490482">Chr 9: 107.48 – 107.49 Mb</a></td><td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?org=Mouse&db=mm0&position=chr4:55527143-55532466">Chr 4: 55.53 – 55.53 Mb</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PubMed</a> search</th><td><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></td><td><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><table style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit;text-align:center"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18033993" class="extiw" title="d:Q18033993">View/Edit Human</a></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit;text-align:center"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18251862" class="extiw" title="d:Q18251862">View/Edit Mouse</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> In humans, the <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a> is 513 amino acids, with a predicted molecular weight of approximately 55kDa, and is encoded by the KLF4 <a href="/wiki/Gene" title="Gene">gene</a>.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> The KLF4 gene is conserved in chimpanzee, <a href="/wiki/Rhesus_monkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhesus monkey">rhesus monkey</a>, dog, cow, mouse, rat, chicken, <a href="/wiki/Zebrafish" title="Zebrafish">zebrafish</a>, and frog.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> KLF4 was first identified in 1996.<a href="#cite_note-pmid8702718-12">[12]</a> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Interactions">1 Interactions</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Function">2 Function</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Roles_in_diseases">3 Roles in diseases</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Importance_in_Stem_cells">4 Importance in Stem cells</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#See_also">5 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Notes">6 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#References">7 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Further_reading">8 Further reading</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#External_links">9 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Interactions">Interactions</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=KLF4&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Interactions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> KLF4 can activate transcription by interacting via it N-terminus with specific transcriptional co-activators, such as <a href="/wiki/P300-CBP_coactivator_family" title="P300-CBP coactivator family">p300-CBP coactivator family</a>.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> Transcriptional repression by KLF4 is carried out by KLF4 competing with an activator for binding to a target DNA sequence (9-12).<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> KLF4 has been shown to <a href="/wiki/Protein-protein_interaction" class="mw-redirect" title="Protein-protein interaction">interact</a> with <a href="/wiki/CREB-binding_protein" title="CREB-binding protein">CREB-binding protein</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pmid10666450-20">[20]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Function">Function</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=KLF4&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Function" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> KLF4 has diverse functions, and has been garnering attention in recent years because some of its functions are apparently contradicting, but mainly since the discovery of its integral role as one of four key factors that are essential for inducing pluripotent stem cells.<a href="#cite_note-Takahashi_K_2007-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-Takahashi_K_2006-22">[22]</a> KLF4 is highly expressed in non-dividing cells and its overexpression induces cell cycle arrest.<a href="#cite_note-pmid8702718-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid11390382-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid14627709-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid12427745-26">[26]</a> KLF4 is particularly important in preventing cell division when the DNA is damaged.<a href="#cite_note-pmid11390382-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid14627709-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid12427745-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> KLF4 is also important in regulating centrosome number and chromosome number (genetic stability),<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> and in promoting cell survival.<a href="#cite_note-Rowland_BD_p53-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid25414097-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid25834779-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kuruvilla_JG_2016-36">[36]</a> However, some studies have revealed that under certain conditions KLF4 may switch its role from pro-cell survival to pro-cell death.<a href="#cite_note-pmid25834779-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> KLF4 is expressed in the cells that are non-dividing and are terminally differentiated in the <a href="/wiki/Intestinal_epithelium" title="Intestinal epithelium">intestinal epithelium</a>, where KLF4 is important in the regulation of intestinal epithelium homeostasis (terminal cell differentiation and proper localization of the different intestinal epithelium cell types).<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid21070761-43">[43]</a> In the intestinal epithelium, KLF4 is an important regulator of <a href="/wiki/Wnt_signaling_pathway" title="Wnt signaling pathway">Wnt signaling pathway</a> genes of genes regulating differentiation.<a href="#cite_note-pmid21070761-43">[43]</a> KLF4 is expressed in a variety of tissues and organs such as: the <a href="/wiki/Cornea" title="Cornea">cornea</a> where it is required for epithelial barrier function<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> and is a regulator of genes required for corneal homeostasis;<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Skin" title="Skin">skin</a> where it is required for the development of skin permeability barrier function;<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Bone" title="Bone">bone</a> and teeth tissues where it regulates normal skeletal development;<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> epithelial cell of the mouse male and female reproductive tract<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> where in the males it is important for proper spermatogenesis;<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> vascular endothelial cells<a href="#cite_note-10.1074/jbc.M700078200-58">[58]</a> where it is critical in preventing vascular leakage in response to inflammatory stimuli;<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> white blood cells where it mediates inflammatory responses cellular differentiation<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid17878366-63">[63]</a> and proliferation;<a href="#cite_note-pmid17878366-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> the kidneys where it is involved in the differentiation of embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells to renal lineage in vitro<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> and its dysregulation has been linked to some renal pathologies.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Roles_in_diseases">Roles in diseases</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=KLF4&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Roles in diseases" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> Several lines of evidence have shown that KLF4 role in disease is context dependent where under certain conditions it may play one role and under different conditions it may assume a complete opposite role. KLF4 is an anti-tumorigenic factor and its expression is often lost in various human cancer types, such as <a href="/wiki/Colorectal_cancer" title="Colorectal cancer">Colorectal cancer</a>,<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gastric_cancer" class="mw-redirect" title="Gastric cancer">gastric cancer</a>,<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> esophageal squamous cell carcinoma,<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-32">[32]</a> intestinal cancer,<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> <a href="/wiki/Prostate_cancer" title="Prostate cancer">prostate cancer</a>,<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bladder_cancer" title="Bladder cancer">bladder cancer</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lung_cancer" title="Lung cancer">lung cancer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> However, in some cancer types KLF4 may act as a tumor promoter where increased KLF4 expression has been reported, such as in oral squamous cell carcinoma<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> and in primary breast ductal carcinoma.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> Also, overexpression of KLF4 in skin resulted in <a href="/wiki/Hyperplasia" title="Hyperplasia">hyperplasia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dysplasia" title="Dysplasia">dysplasia</a>,<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> which lead to the development of squamous cell carcinoma.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> Similar finding in esophageal epithelium was observed, where overexpression of KLF4 resulted in increased inflammation that eventually lead to the development of esophageal squamous cell cancer in mice.<a href="#cite_note-Tetreault_MP_2134-79">[79]</a> The role of KLF4 in <a href="/wiki/Epithelial%E2%80%93mesenchymal_transition" title="Epithelial–mesenchymal transition">Epithelial–mesenchymal transition</a> (EMT) is also controversial. It was shown to stimulate EMT in some systems by promoting/maintaining stemness of cancer cells, as is the case in <a href="/wiki/Pancreatic_cancer" title="Pancreatic cancer">pancreatic cancer</a>,<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> head and neck cancer,<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> <a href="/wiki/Endometrial_cancer" title="Endometrial cancer">endometrial cancer</a>,<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> <a href="/wiki/Nasopharyngeal_cancer" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasopharyngeal cancer">nasopharyngeal cancer</a>,<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> prostate cancer<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> and non-small lung cancer.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> Under conditions of TGFβ-induced EMT KLF4 was shown to suppress EMT in the same systems where it was shown to promote EMT, such as prostate cancer<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> and pancreatic cancer.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> Additionally, KLF4 was shown to suppress EMT in epidermal cancer,<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> breast cancer,<a href="#cite_note-pmid25834779-35">[35]</a> lung cancer,<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> cisplatin-resistant nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells,<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> and in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] KLF4 plays an important role in several vascular diseases where it was shown to regulate vascular inflammation by controlling macrophage polarization<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> and plaque formation in <a href="/wiki/Atherosclerosis" title="Atherosclerosis">atherosclerosis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid26546821-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> It up-regulates <a href="/wiki/Apolipoprotein_E" title="Apolipoprotein E">Apolipoprotein E</a>, which is an anti-atherosclerotic factor.<a href="#cite_note-pmid26546821-95">[95]</a> It is also involved in the regulation of <a href="/wiki/Angiogenesis" title="Angiogenesis">angiogenesis</a>. It may suppress angiogenesis by regulating <a href="/wiki/NOTCH1" class="mw-redirect" title="NOTCH1">NOTCH1</a> activity,<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> while in the central nervous system its overexpression leads to vascular dysplasia.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> KLF4 may promote inflammation by mediating NF-κB-dependent inflammatory pathway such as in macrophages,<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-18">[18]</a> esophageal epithelium<a href="#cite_note-Tetreault_MP_2134-79">[79]</a> and in chemically-induced acute colitis in mice.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> Additionally, KLF-4 downregulates TNF-α-induced VCAM1 expression by targeting and blocking the binding site of NF-κB to the VCAM1 promoter.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> However, KLF4 may also suppress the activation of inflammatory signaling such as in endothelial cells in response to pro-inflammatory stimuli.<a href="#cite_note-10.1074/jbc.M700078200-58">[58]</a> KLF4 is essential for the cellular response to DNA damage. It is required for preventing cell cycle entry into mitosis following γ-irradiation-induced DNA damage,<a href="#cite_note-pmid14627709-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid12427745-26">[26]</a> in promoting DNA repair mechanisms (20) and in preventing the irradiated cell from undergoing programmed cell death (apoptosis) (23,25,26).<a href="#cite_note-Rowland_BD_p53-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid25414097-34">[34]</a> In one study, the in vivo importance of KLF4 in response to γ-irradiation-induced DNA damage was revealed where deletion of KLF4 specifically from the intestinal epithelium in mice lead to inability of the intestinal epithelium to regenerate and resulting in increased mortality of these mice.<a href="#cite_note-pmid25414097-34">[34]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Importance_in_Stem_cells">Importance in Stem cells</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=KLF4&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Importance in Stem cells" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> Takahashi and Yamanaka were the first to identify KLF4 as one of four factors ( <a href="/wiki/Oct-3/4" class="mw-redirect" title="Oct-3/4">oct-3/4</a> + <a href="/wiki/Sox2" class="mw-redirect" title="Sox2">sox2</a> + <a href="/wiki/Klf4" class="mw-redirect" title="Klf4">Klf4</a> + <a href="/wiki/C-Myc" class="mw-redirect" title="C-Myc">c-Myc</a> ) that are required to induce mouse embryonic and adult fibroblasts into pluripotent stem cells (iPS).<a href="#cite_note-Takahashi_K_2006-22">[22]</a> This was also found to be true for adult human <a href="/wiki/Fibroblasts" class="mw-redirect" title="Fibroblasts">fibroblasts</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Takahashi_K_2007-21">[21]</a> Since 2006 up to today, the work on clinically relevant research in stem cells and stem cell induction, has increased dramatically (more than 10,000 research articles, as compared to about 60 between years 1900 to 2005). In vivo functional studies on the role of KLF4 in stem cells are rare. Recently a group investigated the role of KLF4 in a particular population of intestinal stem cells, the Bmi1+ stem cells.<a href="#cite_note-Kuruvilla_JG_2016-36">[36]</a> This population of intestinal stem cells: are normally slow dividing, are known to be resistant to radiation injury, and are the ones responsible for intestinal epithelium regeneration following radiation injury.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> The study showed that in the intestine, following γ-irradiation-induced DNA damage, KLF4 may regulate epithelial regeneration by modulating the fate of Bmi1+((<a href="/wiki/BMI1" title="BMI1">BMI1</a>)) stem cells themselves, and consequently the development of Bmi1+ + intestinal stem cell-derived lineage.<a href="#cite_note-Kuruvilla_JG_2016-36">[36]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=KLF4&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kruppel-like_factors" title="Kruppel-like factors">Kruppel-like factors</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=KLF4&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="margin: 0 10%; border: 1px solid #aaa; border-left: 10px solid #1e90ff; background: #fbfbfb;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The 2017 version of this article was updated by an external expert under a dual publication model. The corresponding <a href="/wiki/Scholarly_peer_review" title="Scholarly peer review">academic peer reviewed</a> article was published in Gene and can be cited as: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation journal cs1">Amr M Ghaleb; Vincent W Yang (22 February 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5391259">"Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4): What we currently know"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Gene_(journal)" title="Gene (journal)">Gene</a>. Gene Wiki Review Series. 611: 27–37. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FJ.GENE.2017.02.025">10.1016/J.GENE.2017.02.025</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0378-1119">0378-1119</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5391259">5391259</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28237823">28237823</a>. <a href="/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="WDQ (identifier)">Wikidata</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39151066" class="extiw" title="d:Q39151066">Q39151066</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gene&rft.atitle=Kr%C3%BCppel-like+factor+4+%28KLF4%29%3A+What+we+currently+know&rft.volume=611&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E27-%3C%2Fspan%3E37&rft.date=2017-02-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5391259%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=0378-1119&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28237823&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FJ.GENE.2017.02.025&rft.au=Amr+M+Ghaleb&rft.au=Vincent+W+Yang&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5391259&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKLF4" class="Z3988"></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=KLF4&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-2">c</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://May2017.archive.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Gene/Summary?db=core;g=ENSG00000136826">GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000136826</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ensembl_genome_database_project" title="Ensembl genome database project">Ensembl</a>, May 2017 </li> <li id="cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-2">c</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://May2017.archive.ensembl.org/Mus_musculus/Gene/Summary?db=core;g=ENSMUSG00000003032">GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000003032</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ensembl_genome_database_project" title="Ensembl genome database project">Ensembl</a>, May 2017 </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Link&LinkName=gene_pubmed&from_uid=9314">"Human PubMed Reference:"</a>. 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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 109 (2): 466–71. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012PNAS..109..466Y">2012PNAS..109..466Y</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.1118857109">10.1073/pnas.1118857109</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3258636">3258636</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22190486">22190486</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.atitle=The+intestinal+stem+cell+markers+Bmi1+and+Lgr5+identify+two+functionally+distinct+populations&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E466-%3C%2Fspan%3E71&rft.date=2012-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3258636%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22190486&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.1118857109&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2012PNAS..109..466Y&rft.aulast=Yan&rft.aufirst=KS&rft.au=Chia%2C+LA&rft.au=Li%2C+X&rft.au=Ootani%2C+A&rft.au=Su%2C+J&rft.au=Lee%2C+JY&rft.au=Su%2C+N&rft.au=Luo%2C+Y&rft.au=Heilshorn%2C+SC&rft.au=Amieva%2C+MR&rft.au=Sangiorgi%2C+E&rft.au=Capecchi%2C+MR&rft.au=Kuo%2C+CJ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3258636&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKLF4" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=KLF4&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 33em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRowlandPeeper2006" class="citation journal cs1">Rowland BD, Peeper DS (January 2006). "KLF4, p21 and context-dependent opposing forces in cancer". Nature Reviews. Cancer. 6 (1): 11–23. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnrc1780">10.1038/nrc1780</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16372018">16372018</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41981721">41981721</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Reviews.+Cancer&rft.atitle=KLF4%2C+p21+and+context-dependent+opposing+forces+in+cancer&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E11-%3C%2Fspan%3E23&rft.date=2006-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A41981721%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16372018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnrc1780&rft.aulast=Rowland&rft.aufirst=BD&rft.au=Peeper%2C+DS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKLF4" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShieldsChristyYang1996" class="citation journal cs1">Shields JM, Christy RJ, Yang VW (August 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2330254">"Identification and characterization of a gene encoding a gut-enriched Krüppel-like factor expressed during growth arrest"</a>. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 271 (33): 20009–17. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.271.33.20009">10.1074/jbc.271.33.20009</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2330254">2330254</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8702718">8702718</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Identification+and+characterization+of+a+gene+encoding+a+gut-enriched+Kr%C3%BCppel-like+factor+expressed+during+growth+arrest&rft.volume=271&rft.issue=33&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E20009-%3C%2Fspan%3E17&rft.date=1996-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2330254%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8702718&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1074%2Fjbc.271.33.20009&rft.aulast=Shields&rft.aufirst=JM&rft.au=Christy%2C+RJ&rft.au=Yang%2C+VW&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2330254&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKLF4" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarrett-SinhaEberspaecherSeldinde_Crombrugghe1996" class="citation journal cs1">Garrett-Sinha LA, Eberspaecher H, Seldin MF, de Crombrugghe B (December 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.271.49.31384">"A gene for a novel zinc-finger protein expressed in differentiated epithelial cells and transiently in certain mesenchymal cells"</a>. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 271 (49): 31384–90. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.271.49.31384">10.1074/jbc.271.49.31384</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8940147">8940147</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.atitle=A+gene+for+a+novel+zinc-finger+protein+expressed+in+differentiated+epithelial+cells+and+transiently+in+certain+mesenchymal+cells&rft.volume=271&rft.issue=49&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E31384-%3C%2Fspan%3E90&rft.date=1996-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1074%2Fjbc.271.49.31384&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8940147&rft.aulast=Garrett-Sinha&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.au=Eberspaecher%2C+H&rft.au=Seldin%2C+MF&rft.au=de+Crombrugghe%2C+B&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1074%252Fjbc.271.49.31384&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKLF4" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYetMcA'NultyFoltaYen1998" class="citation journal cs1">Yet SF, McA'Nulty MM, Folta SC, Yen HW, Yoshizumi M, Hsieh CM, Layne MD, Chin MT, Wang H, Perrella MA, Jain MK, Lee ME (January 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.273.2.1026">"Human EZF, a Krüppel-like zinc finger protein, is expressed in vascular endothelial cells and contains transcriptional activation and repression domains"</a>. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 273 (2): 1026–31. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.273.2.1026">10.1074/jbc.273.2.1026</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9422764">9422764</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Human+EZF%2C+a+Kr%C3%BCppel-like+zinc+finger+protein%2C+is+expressed+in+vascular+endothelial+cells+and+contains+transcriptional+activation+and+repression+domains&rft.volume=273&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1026-%3C%2Fspan%3E31&rft.date=1998-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1074%2Fjbc.273.2.1026&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9422764&rft.aulast=Yet&rft.aufirst=SF&rft.au=McA%27Nulty%2C+MM&rft.au=Folta%2C+SC&rft.au=Yen%2C+HW&rft.au=Yoshizumi%2C+M&rft.au=Hsieh%2C+CM&rft.au=Layne%2C+MD&rft.au=Chin%2C+MT&rft.au=Wang%2C+H&rft.au=Perrella%2C+MA&rft.au=Jain%2C+MK&rft.au=Lee%2C+ME&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1074%252Fjbc.273.2.1026&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKLF4" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhangShieldsSogawaFujii-Kuriyama1998" class="citation journal cs1">Zhang W, Shields JM, Sogawa K, Fujii-Kuriyama Y, Yang VW (July 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2275057">"The gut-enriched Krüppel-like factor suppresses the activity of the CYP1A1 promoter in an Sp1-dependent fashion"</a>. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 273 (28): 17917–25. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.273.28.17917">10.1074/jbc.273.28.17917</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2275057">2275057</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9651398">9651398</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.atitle=The+gut-enriched+Kr%C3%BCppel-like+factor+suppresses+the+activity+of+the+CYP1A1+promoter+in+an+Sp1-dependent+fashion&rft.volume=273&rft.issue=28&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E17917-%3C%2Fspan%3E25&rft.date=1998-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2275057%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9651398&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1074%2Fjbc.273.28.17917&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=W&rft.au=Shields%2C+JM&rft.au=Sogawa%2C+K&rft.au=Fujii-Kuriyama%2C+Y&rft.au=Yang%2C+VW&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2275057&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKLF4" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFosterRenLouroLobo-Ruppert1999" class="citation journal cs1">Foster KW, Ren S, Louro ID, Lobo-Ruppert SM, McKie-Bell P, Grizzle W, Hayes MR, Broker TR, Chow LT, Ruppert JM (June 1999). 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"Downregulation and growth inhibitory effect of epithelial-type Krüppel-like transcription factor KLF4, but not KLF5, in bladder cancer". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 308 (2): 251–6. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0006-291X%2803%2901356-1">10.1016/S0006-291X(03)01356-1</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12901861">12901861</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+and+Biophysical+Research+Communications&rft.atitle=Downregulation+and+growth+inhibitory+effect+of+epithelial-type+Kr%C3%BCppel-like+transcription+factor+KLF4%2C+but+not+KLF5%2C+in+bladder+cancer&rft.volume=308&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E251-%3C%2Fspan%3E6&rft.date=2003-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0006-291X%2803%2901356-1&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12901861&rft.aulast=Ohnishi&rft.aufirst=S&rft.au=Ohnami%2C+S&rft.au=Laub%2C+F&rft.au=Aoki%2C+K&rft.au=Suzuki%2C+K&rft.au=Kanai%2C+Y&rft.au=Haga%2C+K&rft.au=Asaka%2C+M&rft.au=Ramirez%2C+F&rft.au=Yoshida%2C+T&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKLF4" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHinnebuschSiddiqueHendersonMalo2004" class="citation journal cs1">Hinnebusch BF, Siddique A, Henderson JW, Malo MS, Zhang W, Athaide CP, Abedrapo MA, Chen X, Yang VW, Hodin RA (January 2004). 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Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology. 286 (1): G23-30. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1152%2Fajpgi.00203.2003">10.1152/ajpgi.00203.2003</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12919939">12919939</a>.</cite><span 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