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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Acquiring_Cuban_nationality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Acquiring_Cuban_nationality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Acquiring Cuban nationality</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Acquiring_Cuban_nationality-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Acquiring Cuban nationality subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Acquiring_Cuban_nationality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_birthright" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_birthright"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>By birthright</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_birthright-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_naturalization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_naturalization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>By naturalization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_naturalization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Loss_of_Cuban_nationality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Loss_of_Cuban_nationality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Loss of Cuban nationality</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Loss_of_Cuban_nationality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dual_nationality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dual_nationality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Dual nationality</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dual_nationality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div 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<div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cuban nationality law</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #ededed">Cuban Citizenship Act</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Cuba.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Coat_of_arms_of_Cuba.svg/170px-Coat_of_arms_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Coat_of_arms_of_Cuba.svg/255px-Coat_of_arms_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Coat_of_arms_of_Cuba.svg/340px-Coat_of_arms_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Cuba" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Cuba">Parliament of Cuba</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:center;"><div style="margin: 0 4em"><b><a href="/wiki/Long_title" class="mw-redirect" title="Long title">Long title</a></b></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">An Act relating to Cuban citizenship </div> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Territorial extent</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Enacted by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Cuba" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Cuba">Government of Cuba</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Related legislation</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Cuba" title="Constitution of Cuba">Constitution of Cuba</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="background-color:#AAF0D1;"><b>Status:</b> Current legislation</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Cuban nationality law</b> is regulated by the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Cuba" title="Constitution of Cuba">Constitution of Cuba</a>, currently the 2019 Constitution, and to a limited degree upon Decree 358 of 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuanche202014,_21–23_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuanche202014,_21–23-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''France_24''2019_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''France_24''2019-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These laws determine who is, or is eligible to be, a citizen of Cuba. The legal means to acquire <a href="/wiki/Nationality" title="Nationality">nationality</a> and formal membership in a nation differ from the relationship of rights and obligations between a national and the nation, known as <a href="/wiki/Citizenship" title="Citizenship">citizenship</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoll200766-67_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoll200766-67-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHonohanRougier2018338_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHonohanRougier2018338-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuerryRundell201673_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuerryRundell201673-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cubans" title="Cubans">Cuban nationality</a> is typically obtained either on the principle of <a href="/wiki/Jus_soli" title="Jus soli">jus soli</a>, i.e. by birth in Cuba; or under the rules of <a href="/wiki/Jus_sanguinis" title="Jus sanguinis">jus sanguinis</a>, i.e. by birth abroad to a parent with Cuban nationality. It can also be granted to a permanent resident who has lived in the country for a given period of time through naturalization.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuanche202021–22_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuanche202021–22-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Acquiring_Cuban_nationality">Acquiring Cuban nationality</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuban_nationality_law&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Acquiring Cuban nationality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cubans may acquire nationality through birth or naturalization.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuanche202021_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuanche202021-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The current scheme was adopted in 1976, retained in the Constitutional revision of 1992 and 2002, and modified to incorporate dual nationality in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuanche202021_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuanche202021-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUN_Women2002_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUN_Women2002-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThaleGarcía_Castro2019_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThaleGarcía_Castro2019-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_birthright">By birthright</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuban_nationality_law&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: By birthright"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Recognition of birthright nationality requires a passport issued by the country of birth with a visa to enter Cuba; an identity card or registration of the birth in the Civil Registry or Special Registry of Acts and Facts of Cubans Abroad, and a Cuban reference who makes a sworn statement to provide for the housing and maintenance of the applicant. Applications for those born abroad are submitted to the Directorate of Immigration and Foreigners.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuanche202022_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuanche202022-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under Article 34 of the 2019 Constitution, nationality by birthright is bestowed upon:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConstitute_Project201914_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitute_Project201914-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Persons born in Cuba, excepting those children of foreigners who are in Cuba in service to their governments or an international organizations;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuanche202021_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuanche202021-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConstitute_Project201914_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitute_Project201914-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Persons born outside of Cuba who are abroad in service to the Cuban government;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuanche202021_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuanche202021-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConstitute_Project201915_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitute_Project201915-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Persons born abroad to Cuban parents; or<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuanche202021_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuanche202021-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConstitute_Project201915_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitute_Project201915-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Persons born abroad to parents who were born in Cuba but have lost Cuban nationality.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuanche202021_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuanche202021-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConstitute_Project201915_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitute_Project201915-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_naturalization">By naturalization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuban_nationality_law&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: By naturalization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Naturalization under the 1944 Decree 358 requires establishing a continuous residence in the territory for a minimum of five years and knowledge of the Spanish language. Residency is reduced to two years for those married with Cuban nationals or who have children born in Cuba. They must comply with legal requirements to obtain a citizenship card and declare the intent to obtain Cuban nationality.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuanche202023_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuanche202023-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under Article 35 of the 2019 Constitution, foreigners who can be naturalized include:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConstitute_Project201915_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitute_Project201915-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Foreigners who have complied with the naturalization law;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuanche202022_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuanche202022-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConstitute_Project201915_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitute_Project201915-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or</li> <li>Persons who have been deprived of nationality in their country of origin. This type of naturalization is bestowed at the discretion of the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Cuba" title="President of Cuba">President of Cuba</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConstitute_Project201915_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitute_Project201915-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Loss_of_Cuban_nationality">Loss of Cuban nationality</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuban_nationality_law&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Loss of Cuban nationality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is no regulation which outlines a process for loss or renunciation of nationality.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuanche202024_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuanche202024-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Article 38 of the 2019 Constitution, Cubans may not be deprived of their citizenship, except under certain circumstances, which the legislators may describe. The article also states that nationality can be renounced by following legal processes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuanche202024_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuanche202024-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConstitute_Project201915_12-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitute_Project201915-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Article 37, provides "Neither marriage, civil union, nor legal separation will affect the [nationality] of spouses, partners, or children".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConstitute_Project201915_12-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitute_Project201915-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dual_nationality">Dual nationality</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuban_nationality_law&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Dual nationality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under previous constitutions, multiple citizenship was not allowed, though the government recognized that persons could hold dual nationalities.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuanche202025_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuanche202025-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The modifications in the 2019 Constitution provided for dual nationality<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThaleGarcía_Castro2019_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThaleGarcía_Castro2019-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in Article 36, which states that within the national territory, only Cuban law shall be applicable.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConstitute_Project201915_12-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitute_Project201915-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuban_nationality_law&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cuba's quest for independence began with the ideals in other Spanish American colonies in the 1810s. Initially, because of the dependence of the island upon Spain, loyalty to the colonial regime slowed the development of the independence movement. Dissidents and exiles throughout the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a>, and the Atlantic developed connections and solidarity to plan and launch three wars to end Spanish rule. Spanning thirty years, the <a href="/wiki/Ten_Years%27_War" title="Ten Years' War">Ten Years' War</a> (1868-1878), the <a href="/wiki/Little_War_(Cuba)" title="Little War (Cuba)">Little War</a> (1879-1880) and the <a href="/wiki/Cuban_War_of_Independence" title="Cuban War of Independence">Cuban War of Independence</a> (1895-1898) resulted in severing ties with Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuller20172–3_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuller20172–3-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this period, though not independent, Cuba drafted the Constitutions of Guáimaro (1869), Baraguá (1878), Jimaguayú (1895), and La Yaya (1897).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuanche20204–5_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuanche20204–5-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These constitutions defined Cubans as anyone, regardless of where they were born, who was directly serving Cuba in the insurgency. Each of them, as did subsequent Cuban constitutions until 1992, interchangeably used the terms citizenship and nationality.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuanche20205_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuanche20205-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1886, slavery was abolished under the <i>freedmen regulation</i>, but newly freed slaves were required to work for rations and clothing.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuanche20206_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuanche20206-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Spanish crown implemented the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Code_of_Spain" title="Civil Code of Spain">Civil Code of 1888</a> and by royal decree extended the code to its colonies. It became effective in Cuba in 1889.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECruz-Taura1994124_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECruz-Taura1994124-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The code combined elements of Roman law with patriarchal Catholic ideas on social order, as had France's Napoleonic Code.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECruz-Taura1994124–125_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECruz-Taura1994124–125-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under the code, women had no autonomy and could not administer either their own children or property.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECruz-Taura1994124_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECruz-Taura1994124-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Article 22, of the 1888 Civil Code provided that a wife must have the same nationality as her husband. It allowed that if the marriage terminated a wife could repatriate by returning to Cuba and establishing residence, registering her choice to reestablish Cuban nationality with the Civil Registrar, and renouncing her foreign citizenship.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBetancourt191649_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBetancourt191649-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A foreign wife who had derived citizenship from her Cuban husband could relinquish her nationality if the marriage was terminated by repatriating to her former nationality or acquiring a new nationality.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevens193321,_Part_II_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevens193321,_Part_II-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Married women were unable to relinquish their nationality while married.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevens193322,_Part_II_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevens193322,_Part_II-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the last year of the War of Independence, 1898, the United States intervened against Spain, and in the ensuing <a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a>, forced Spain to cede its territories of Cuba, Guam, The Philippines, and Puerto Rico to the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuller20171–3_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuller20171–3-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOffner1994288_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOffner1994288-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Government_in_Cuba" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Military Government in Cuba">occupation of Cuba</a> (1898–1902) by the United States, the <a href="/wiki/1901_Constitution_of_Cuba" title="1901 Constitution of Cuba">first constitution</a> for Cuba as an independent state was drafted in 1901.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuanche20206–7_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuanche20206–7-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It excluded women from the rights of citizenship.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuanche20207_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuanche20207-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rather than attempt to devise a new civil code at that time, the Spanish code remained in effect.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECruz-Taura1994124_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECruz-Taura1994124-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under the 1901 Constitution, a child who was legitimate or legitimized born of a Cuban father was a Cuban national, as was a child born to foreign parents in Cuba and who upon reaching majority, registered in the official Cuban registry. In like manner a legitimate or legitimated child born abroad to native Cubans who had lost their nationality could register as a Cuban national when majority was attained. An illegitimate child born anywhere derived the parent's nationality if the parent who first legally recognized it was Cuban. In the case of simultaneous recognition, only the father's nationality was used to determine nationality.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevens193320,_Part_II_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevens193320,_Part_II-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nationality could be lost by receiving employment or honors of a foreign government without approval of the Senate, obtaining other nationality, or leaving the territory for more than five years, unless one was abroad in service to the government.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVetancourt_Aristeguieta1959147_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVetancourt_Aristeguieta1959147-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Constitution of 1911 and the amended Civil Code of 1929 required a foreign woman who married a Cuban husband to derive his nationality, but Cuban women were no longer required to relinquish their nationality upon marriage to a foreigner.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVetancourt_Aristeguieta196072_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVetancourt_Aristeguieta196072-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevens193320,_Part_II_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevens193320,_Part_II-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1933, Ángel Alberto Giraudy, Alfredo E. Nogueira, and <a href="/wiki/Herminio_Portell_Vil%C3%A1" title="Herminio Portell Vilá">Herminio Portell Vilá</a>, the Cuban delegates to the Pan-American Union's Montevideo conference, signed the Inter-American Convention on the Nationality of Women, which became effective in 1934, without legal reservations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvalon_Project1933_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvalon_Project1933-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following year, interim <a href="/wiki/President_of_Cuba" title="President of Cuba">President of Cuba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Mendieta" title="Carlos Mendieta">Carlos Mendieta</a> produced a provisional constitution which granted women suffrage.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECruz-Taura1994128_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECruz-Taura1994128-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Article 13, the Constitution of 1935 also specified that neither marriage or dissolution of a marriage effected the nationality status of a spouse or children, that Cuban women married to foreigners retained their Cuban nationality, and that a foreign woman married to a Cuban man could choose to keep her original nationality or acquire Cuban nationality.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELazcano_y_Mazón1952778_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELazcano_y_Mazón1952778-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/1940_Constitution_of_Cuba" title="1940 Constitution of Cuba">1940 Constitution of Cuba</a> declared in Article 20 equality under the law for all Cubans and outlawed discrimination based on class, race, sex, or skin color.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECruz-Taura1994128_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECruz-Taura1994128-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It specified that naturalized Cubans who returned to their country of birth for three years or more, lost Cuban nationality and reduced the residency requirement for a foreigner married to a Cuban to two years.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVetancourt_Aristeguieta196073_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVetancourt_Aristeguieta196073-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a suspension of the constitution between 1952 and 1959, the 1940 Constitution was restored and remained in effect with modifications until adoption of the 1976 Constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuanche202016_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuanche202016-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuban_nationality_law&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuban_nationality_law&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuanche202014,_21–23-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuanche202014,_21–23_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGuanche2020">Guanche 2020</a>, pp. 14, 21–23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''France_24''2019-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''France_24''2019_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrance_242019"><i>France 24</i> 2019</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoll200766-67-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoll200766-67_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBoll2007">Boll 2007</a>, p. 66-67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHonohanRougier2018338-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHonohanRougier2018338_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHonohanRougier2018">Honohan & Rougier 2018</a>, p. 338.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuerryRundell201673-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuerryRundell201673_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGuerryRundell2016">Guerry & Rundell 2016</a>, p. 73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuanche202021–22-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuanche202021–22_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span 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</li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuban_nationality_law&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output 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Comparative Constitutions Project. 24 February 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201203192635/https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Cuba_2019.pdf?lang=en">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 3 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Constitute+Project&rft.atitle=Cuba%27s+Constitution+of+2019&rft.date=2019-02-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.constituteproject.org%2Fconstitution%2FCuba_2019.pdf%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACuban+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrance_242019" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/20190410-defiant-cuba-enacts-new-constitution-amid-us-pressure">"Defiant Cuba Enacts New Constitution Amid US Pressure"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/France_24" title="France 24">France 24</a></i>. Paris. <a href="/wiki/Agence_France-Presse" title="Agence France-Presse">Agence France-Presse</a>. 10 April 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201123225813/https://www.france24.com/en/20190410-defiant-cuba-enacts-new-constitution-amid-us-pressure">Archived</a> from the original on 23 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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.mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nationality_laws" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nationality_laws" title="Template:Nationality laws"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nationality_laws" title="Template talk:Nationality laws"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nationality_laws" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nationality laws"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nationality_laws" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nationality_law" title="Nationality law">Nationality laws</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By continent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em; text-align:center;">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_nationality_law" title="Algerian nationality law">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_nationality_law" title="Angolan nationality law">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beninese_nationality_law" title="Beninese nationality law">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswanan_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Botswanan nationality law">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkinabe_nationality_law" title="Burkinabe nationality law">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundian_nationality_law" title="Burundian nationality law">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroonian_nationality_law" title="Cameroonian nationality law">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verdean_nationality_law" title="Cape Verdean nationality law">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_nationality_law" title="Central African nationality law">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadian_nationality_law" title="Chadian nationality law">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comorian_nationality_law" title="Comorian nationality law">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congolese_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Congolese nationality law">Congo Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_nationality_law" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo nationality law">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djiboutian_nationality_law" title="Djiboutian nationality law">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_nationality_law" title="Egyptian nationality law">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equatoguinean_nationality_law" title="Equatoguinean nationality law">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_nationality_law" title="Eritrean nationality law">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emaswati_nationality_law" title="Emaswati nationality law">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_nationality_law" title="Ethiopian nationality law">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabonese_nationality_law" title="Gabonese nationality law">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambian_nationality_law" title="Gambian nationality law">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_nationality_law" title="Ghanaian nationality law">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinean_nationality_law" title="Guinean nationality law">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bissau-Guinean_nationality_law" title="Bissau-Guinean nationality law">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivorian_nationality_law" title="Ivorian nationality law">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenyan_nationality_law" title="Kenyan nationality law">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basotho_nationality_law" title="Basotho nationality law">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberian_nationality_law" title="Liberian nationality law">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_nationality_law" title="Libyan nationality law">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malagasy_nationality_law" title="Malagasy nationality law">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawian_nationality_law" title="Malawian nationality law">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malian_nationality_law" title="Malian nationality law">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritanian_nationality_law" title="Mauritanian nationality law">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritian_nationality_law" title="Mauritian nationality law">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_nationality_law" title="Moroccan nationality law">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_nationality_law" title="Mozambican nationality law">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibian_nationality_law" title="Namibian nationality law">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerien_nationality_law" title="Nigerien nationality law">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_nationality_law" title="Nigerian nationality law">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwandan_nationality_law" title="Rwandan nationality law">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9an_nationality_law" title="São Toméan nationality law">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegalese_nationality_law" title="Senegalese nationality law">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychellois_nationality_law" title="Seychellois nationality law">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leonean_nationality_law" title="Sierra Leonean nationality law">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_nationality_law" title="Somali nationality law">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland_citizenship_and_nationality" class="mw-redirect" title="Somaliland citizenship and nationality">Somaliland</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_nationality_law" title="South African nationality law">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Sudanese_nationality_law" title="South Sudanese nationality law">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_nationality_law" title="Sudanese nationality law">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzanian_nationality_law" title="Tanzanian nationality law">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togolese_nationality_law" title="Togolese nationality law">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_nationality_law" title="Tunisian nationality law">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugandan_nationality_law" title="Ugandan nationality law">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_citizenship_and_nationality" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahrawi citizenship and nationality">Western Sahara</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambian_nationality_law" title="Zambian nationality law">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_nationality_law" title="Zimbabwean nationality law">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em; text-align:center;">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em; text-align:center;">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antiguan_and_Barbudian_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiguan and Barbudian nationality law">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahamian_nationality_law" title="Bahamian nationality law">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbadian_nationality_law" title="Barbadian nationality law">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belizean_nationality_law" title="Belizean nationality law">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_nationality_law" title="Canadian nationality law">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rican_nationality_law" title="Costa Rican nationality law">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_nationality_law" title="Dominican nationality law">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic_nationality_law" title="Dominican Republic nationality law">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_nationality_law" title="Salvadoran nationality law">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_nationality_law" title="Danish nationality law">Greenland <small>(Kingdom of Denmark)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenadian_nationality_law" title="Grenadian nationality law">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_nationality_law" title="Guatemalan nationality law">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Haitian_nationality_and_citizenship" title="History of Haitian nationality and citizenship">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduran_nationality_law" title="Honduran nationality law">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_nationality_law" title="Jamaican nationality law">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_nationality_law" title="Mexican nationality law">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_nationality_law" title="Nicaraguan nationality law">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamanian_nationality_law" title="Panamanian nationality law">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kittitian_and_Nevisian_nationality_law" title="Kittitian and Nevisian nationality law">St. Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucian_nationality_law" title="Saint Lucian nationality law">St. Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincentian_nationality_law" title="Vincentian nationality law">St. Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidadian_and_Tobagonian_nationality_law" title="Trinidadian and Tobagonian nationality law">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_nationality_law" title="United States nationality law">United States</a> (<a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_citizenship_and_nationality" title="Puerto Rican citizenship and nationality">Puerto Rico</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islander_citizenship_and_nationality" title="United States Virgin Islander citizenship and nationality">US Virgin Islands</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em; text-align:center;">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_nationality_law" title="Argentine nationality law">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivian_nationality_law" title="Bolivian nationality law">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_nationality_law" title="Brazilian nationality law">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_nationality_law" title="Chilean nationality law">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_nationality_law" title="Colombian nationality law">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_nationality_law" title="Ecuadorian nationality law">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyanese_nationality_law" title="Guyanese nationality law">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_nationality_law" title="Paraguayan nationality law">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_nationality_law" title="Peruvian nationality law">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surinamese_nationality_law" title="Surinamese nationality law">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_nationality_law" title="Uruguayan nationality law">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_nationality_law" title="Venezuelan nationality law">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em; text-align:center;">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_nationality_law" title="Afghan nationality law">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahraini_nationality_law" title="Bahraini nationality law">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_nationality_law" title="Bangladeshi nationality law">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutanese_nationality_law" title="Bhutanese nationality law">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruneian_nationality_law" title="Bruneian nationality law">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_nationality_law" title="Cambodian nationality law">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_nationality_law" title="Chinese nationality law">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Timorese_nationality_law" title="East Timorese nationality law">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_nationality_law" title="Indian nationality law">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_nationality_law" title="Indonesian nationality law">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_nationality_law" title="Iranian nationality law">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_nationality_law" title="Iraqi nationality law">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_citizenship_law" title="Israeli citizenship law">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_nationality_law" title="Japanese nationality law">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_nationality_law" title="Jordanian nationality law">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstani_nationality_law" title="Kazakhstani nationality law">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyrgyzstani_nationality_law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kyrgyzstani nationality law (page does not exist)">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwaiti_nationality_law" title="Kuwaiti nationality law">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laotian_nationality_law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laotian nationality law (page does not exist)">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_nationality_law" title="Lebanese nationality law">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_nationality_law" title="Malaysian nationality law">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_nationality_law" title="Mongolian nationality law">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_nationality_law" title="Myanmar nationality law">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepali_nationality_law" title="Nepali nationality law">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korean_nationality_law" title="North Korean nationality law">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omani_nationality_law" title="Omani nationality law">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_nationality_law" title="Pakistani nationality law">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Palestinian_nationality" title="History of Palestinian nationality">Palestine</a><sup><small></small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_nationality_law" title="Philippine nationality law">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatari_nationality_law" title="Qatari nationality law">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian_nationality_law" title="Saudi Arabian nationality law">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singaporean_nationality_law" title="Singaporean nationality law">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korean_nationality_law" title="South Korean nationality law">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_nationality_law" title="Sri Lankan nationality law">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_nationality_law" title="Syrian nationality law">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tajikistani_nationality_law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tajikistani nationality law (page does not exist)">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_nationality_law" title="Taiwanese nationality law">Taiwan</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_nationality_law" title="Thai nationality law">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_nationality_law" title="Turkish nationality law">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkmen nationality law">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirati_nationality_law" title="Emirati nationality law">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uzbek_nationality_law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uzbek nationality law (page does not exist)">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_passport" title="Vietnamese passport">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yemeni_nationality_law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yemeni nationality law (page does not exist)">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em; text-align:center;">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Citizenship_of_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Citizenship of the European Union">European Union</a><br /> and <a href="/wiki/Schengen_Area" title="Schengen Area">Schengen Area</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_nationality_law" title="Austrian nationality law">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_nationality_law" title="Belgian nationality law">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_nationality_law" title="Bulgarian nationality law">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_nationality_law" title="Croatian nationality law">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_nationality_law" title="Cypriot nationality law">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_nationality_law" title="Czech nationality law">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_nationality_law" title="Danish nationality law">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_nationality_law" title="Estonian nationality law">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_nationality_law" title="Finnish nationality law">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_nationality_law" title="French nationality law">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_nationality_law" title="German nationality law">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_nationality_law" title="Greek nationality law">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_nationality_law" title="Hungarian nationality law">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_nationality_law" title="Icelandic nationality law">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_nationality_law" title="Irish nationality law">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_nationality_law" title="Italian nationality law">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_nationality_law" title="Latvian nationality law">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtensteiner_nationality_law" title="Liechtensteiner nationality law">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_nationality_law" title="Lithuanian nationality law">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_nationality_law" title="Luxembourg nationality law">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_nationality_law" title="Maltese nationality law">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_nationality_law" title="Dutch nationality law">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_nationality_law" title="Norwegian nationality law">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_nationality_law" title="Polish nationality law">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_nationality_law" title="Portuguese nationality law">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_nationality_law" title="Romanian nationality law">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_nationality_law" title="Slovak nationality law">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_nationality_law" title="Slovenian nationality law">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_nationality_law" title="Spanish nationality law">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_nationality_law" title="Swedish nationality law">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_nationality_law" title="Swiss nationality law">Switzerland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em; text-align:center;">Rest of Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_nationality_law" title="Albanian nationality law">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_nationality_law" title="Armenian nationality law">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorran_nationality_law" title="Andorran nationality law">Andorra</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_nationality_law" title="Azerbaijani nationality law">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_citizenship" class="mw-redirect" title="Belarusian citizenship">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_nationality_law" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina nationality law">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_nationality_law" title="Georgian nationality law">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovan_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosovan nationality law">Kosovo</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan_nationality_law" title="Moldovan nationality law">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon%C3%A9gasque_nationality_law" title="Monégasque nationality law">Monaco</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_nationality_law" title="Montenegrin nationality law">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationality_law_of_North_Macedonia" title="Nationality law of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus_citizenship" title="Northern Cyprus citizenship">Northern Cyprus</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_citizenship_law" title="Russian citizenship law">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marino_nationality_law" title="San Marino nationality law">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_nationality_law" title="Serbian nationality law">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_nationality_law" title="Turkish nationality law">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_nationality_law" title="Ukrainian nationality law">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_nationality_law" title="British nationality law">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em; text-align:center;">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_nationality_law" title="Australian nationality law">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesian_nationality_law" title="Micronesian nationality law">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fijian_nationality_law" title="Fijian nationality law">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauruan_nationality_law" title="Nauruan nationality law">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I-Kiribati_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="I-Kiribati nationality law">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshallese_nationality_law" title="Marshallese nationality law">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_nationality_law" title="New Zealand nationality law">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palauan_nationality_law" title="Palauan nationality law">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinean_nationality_law" title="Papua New Guinean nationality law">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_nationality_law" title="Samoan nationality law">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands_nationality_law" title="Solomon Islands nationality law">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongan_nationality_law" title="Tongan nationality law">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvaluan_nationality_law" title="Tuvaluan nationality law">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_nationality_law" title="United States nationality law">United States</a> (<a href="/wiki/American_Samoan_citizenship_and_nationality" title="American Samoan citizenship and nationality">American Samoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_citizenship_and_nationality" title="Northern Mariana citizenship and nationality">Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guamanian_citizenship_and_nationality" title="Guamanian citizenship and nationality">Guam</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni-Vanuatu_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Ni-Vanuatu nationality law">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em; text-align:center;">International<br />organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_citizen" title="Commonwealth citizen">Commonwealth of Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_citizenship" title="European Union citizenship">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizenship_of_the_Mercosur" title="Citizenship of the Mercosur">Mercosur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Passport_Union" title="Nordic Passport Union">Nordic Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CARICOM_Single_Market_and_Economy" title="CARICOM Single Market and Economy">Caribbean Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union#Migration" title="African Union">African Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By procedure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loss_of_citizenship" title="Loss of citizenship">Loss of citizenship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denaturalization" title="Denaturalization">Denaturalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renunciation_of_citizenship" title="Renunciation of citizenship">Renunciation of citizenship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturalization" title="Naturalization">Naturalization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birth_aboard_aircraft_and_ships" title="Birth aboard aircraft and ships">Birth aboard aircraft and ships</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ius_sanguinis" class="mw-redirect" title="Ius sanguinis">Ius sanguinis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ius_soli" class="mw-redirect" title="Ius soli">Ius soli</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repatriation" title="Repatriation">Repatriation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By result</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citizenship" title="Citizenship">Citizenship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_citizenship" title="Multiple citizenship">Multiple citizenship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passport" title="Passport">Passport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internal_passport" title="Internal passport">Internal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_residency" title="Permanent residency">Permanent residency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_of_return" title="Right of return">Right of return</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second-class_citizen" title="Second-class citizen">Second-class citizen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statelessness" title="Statelessness">Statelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_visa" title="Travel visa">Travel visa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Laws" title="Nuremberg Laws">Nazi Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_citizenship" title="Roman citizenship">Ancient Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_nationality_law" title="Soviet nationality law">Soviet Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-size:88%;"><div> <ul><li><sup>1</sup> <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a>.</li> <li><sup>2</sup> Open border with <a href="/wiki/Schengen_Area" title="Schengen Area">Schengen Area</a>.</li> <li><sup>3</sup> Partially recognized.</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" 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