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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="width: 150px"><caption class="sidebar-outer-title"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Germany" title="Culture of Germany">Culture of Germany</a></caption><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="background:#eaeaea;font-size:110%;"> <div> <p><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Germany" title="Architecture of Germany">Architecture</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/German_art" title="German art">Art</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Germany" title="Cinema of Germany">Cinema</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/German_cuisine" title="German cuisine">Cuisine</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/German_fashion" title="German fashion">Fashion</a><br /> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Folklore</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/German_literature" title="German literature">Literature</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Germany" title="Music of Germany">Music</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/German_philosophy" title="German philosophy">Philosophy</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Germany" title="Science and technology in Germany">Sciences</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Sports in Germany">Sports</a><br /> </p> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_culture" title="Template:Germany culture"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Germany_culture" title="Template talk:Germany culture"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Germany_culture" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Germany culture"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hansel-and-gretel-rackham.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Hansel-and-gretel-rackham.jpg/220px-Hansel-and-gretel-rackham.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="313" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Hansel-and-gretel-rackham.jpg/330px-Hansel-and-gretel-rackham.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Hansel-and-gretel-rackham.jpg/440px-Hansel-and-gretel-rackham.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1092" /></a><figcaption>Illustration of <i><a href="/wiki/Hansel_and_Gretel" title="Hansel and Gretel">Hansel and Gretel</a></i>, a well-known German folktale from the <a href="/wiki/Brothers_Grimm" title="Brothers Grimm">Brothers Grimm</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Rackham" title="Arthur Rackham">Arthur Rackham</a>, <a href="/wiki/1909" title="1909">1909</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>German folklore</b> is the <a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore">folk tradition</a> which has developed in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> over a number of centuries. Seeing as Germany was <a href="/wiki/States_of_the_German_Confederation" title="States of the German Confederation">divided into numerous polities</a> for most of its history, this term might both refer to the folklore of Germany proper and of all <a href="/wiki/German-speaking_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="German-speaking countries">German-speaking countries</a>, this wider definition including folklore of <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a> as well as the German-speaking parts of <a href="/wiki/Swiss_folklore" title="Swiss folklore">Switzer</a><a href="/wiki/German-speaking_Switzerland" title="German-speaking Switzerland">land</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a>, <a href="/wiki/German-speaking_Community_of_Belgium" title="German-speaking Community of Belgium">Belgium</a>, and <a href="/wiki/South_Tyrol" title="South Tyrol">Italy</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_folklore&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It shares many characteristics with <a href="/wiki/Nordic_folklore" title="Nordic folklore">Nordic folklore</a> and <a href="/wiki/English_folklore" title="English folklore">English folklore</a> due to their origins in a common <a href="/wiki/Germanic_mythology" title="Germanic mythology">Germanic mythology</a>. It reflects a similar mix of influences: a pre-Christian <a href="/wiki/Pantheon_(gods)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pantheon (gods)">pantheon</a> and other beings equivalent to those of <a href="/wiki/Norse_mythology" title="Norse mythology">Norse mythology</a>; magical characters (sometimes recognizably pre-Christian) associated with <a href="/wiki/Liturgical_year" title="Liturgical year">Christian festivals</a>, and various regional 'character' stories. </p><p>As in Scandinavia, when belief in the old gods disappeared, remnants of the <a href="/wiki/Mythos" class="mw-redirect" title="Mythos">mythos</a> persisted: There are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frau_Holle" title="Frau Holle">Frau Holle</a> or <a href="/wiki/Perchta" title="Perchta">Perchta</a>, a "supernatural" patron of spinning and leader of the <a href="/wiki/Wild_Hunt" title="Wild Hunt">Wild Hunt</a> (in German folklore preceded by an old man, Honest Eckart, who warns others of its approach) or of the <a href="/wiki/Heimchen" title="Heimchen">Heimchen</a></li> <li>solitary wild huntsmen such as the <a href="/wiki/Ewiger_J%C3%A4ger" title="Ewiger Jäger">ewiger Jäger</a> or the <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrst" title="Türst">Türst</a></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Lorelei" title="Lorelei">Lorelei</a>, a dangerous <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a> <a href="/wiki/Siren_(mythology)" title="Siren (mythology)">siren</a> derived from 19th-century literature, among other <a href="/wiki/Nixie_(folklore)" title="Nixie (folklore)">nixies</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Rhinemaidens" title="Rhinemaidens">Rhinemaidens</a></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Wei%C3%9Fe_Frauen" title="Weiße Frauen">Weiße Frauen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Witte_Wiwer" title="Witte Wiwer">Witte Wiwer</a>, white female spirits</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Doppelg%C3%A4nger" title="Doppelgänger">Doppelgänger</a>, supernatural beings said to resemble the exactly similar appearance of determined person</li> <li>the giant <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BCbezahl" title="Rübezahl">Rübezahl</a></li> <li>the mining sprite <a href="/wiki/Bergm%C3%B6nch" title="Bergmönch">Bergmönch</a></li> <li>wood sprites such as the tiny <a href="/wiki/Moss_people" title="Moss people">Moss people</a> and their matriarch <a href="/wiki/Buschgro%C3%9Fmutter" title="Buschgroßmutter">Buschgroßmutter</a>, or the man-eating <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A4nggen" title="Fänggen">Fänggen</a></li> <li>nightmare-causing <a href="/wiki/Alp_(folklore)" title="Alp (folklore)">Alp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mare_(folklore)" title="Mare (folklore)">mare</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Drude" title="Drude">Drude</a></li> <li>the banshee <a href="/wiki/Klagmuhme" title="Klagmuhme">Klagmuhme</a></li> <li>undead <a href="/wiki/Nachzehrer" title="Nachzehrer">Nachzehrer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wiederg%C3%A4nger" title="Wiedergänger">Wiedergänger</a></li> <li>ghostly <a href="/wiki/Feuermann_(ghost)" title="Feuermann (ghost)">Feuermann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hemann" title="Hemann">Hemann</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Uhaml" title="Uhaml">Uhaml</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changeling" title="Changeling">changeling</a> legends</li></ul> <p>and many more generic entities such as the <a href="/wiki/Elf" title="Elf">elf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dwarf_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dwarf (mythology)">dwarf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kobold" title="Kobold">Kobold</a> (with variants such as <a href="/wiki/Bieresel" title="Bieresel">Bieresel</a>, <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCtel" title="Gütel">Gütel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heinzelm%C3%A4nnchen" title="Heinzelmännchen">Heinzelmännchen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_o%27_the_bowl" title="Jack o' the bowl">Jack o' the bowl</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%9F_Puk" class="mw-redirect" title="Niß Puk">Niß Puk</a>), <a href="/wiki/Klabautermann" title="Klabautermann">Klabautermann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Schrat" title="Schrat">Schrat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wild_man" title="Wild man">Wild man</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drak_(mythology)" title="Drak (mythology)">Drak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aufhocker" title="Aufhocker">Aufhocker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ork_(folklore)" title="Ork (folklore)">Ork</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poltergeist" title="Poltergeist">poltergeist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bogeyman" title="Bogeyman">bogeyman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Will-o%27-the-wisp" title="Will-o'-the-wisp">Will-o'-the-wisp</a>, various <a href="/wiki/Feldgeister" title="Feldgeister">Feldgeister</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Erlking" title="Erlking">Erlking</a>. Famous individual Kobolds are <a href="/wiki/King_Goldemar" title="King Goldemar">King Goldemar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hinzelmann" title="Hinzelmann">Hinzelmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6dekin" title="Hödekin">Hödekin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Peterm%C3%A4nnchen" title="Petermännchen">Petermännchen</a>. </p><p>There further are mythical animals such as <a href="/wiki/Bahkauv" title="Bahkauv">Bahkauv</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beerwolf" title="Beerwolf">Beerwolf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elwetritsch" title="Elwetritsch">Elwetritsch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erdhenne" title="Erdhenne">Erdhenne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lindworm" title="Lindworm">lindworm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nachtkrapp" title="Nachtkrapp">Nachtkrapp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rasselbock" title="Rasselbock">Rasselbock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tatzelwurm" title="Tatzelwurm">Tatzelwurm</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wolpertinger" title="Wolpertinger">Wolpertinger</a>, or mythical plants such as <a href="/wiki/Alraune" title="Alraune">Alraune</a> and <a href="/wiki/Irrwurz" title="Irrwurz">Irrwurz</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Popular folklore includes <a href="/wiki/Krampus" title="Krampus">Krampus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belsnickel" title="Belsnickel">Belsnickel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Knecht_Ruprecht" title="Knecht Ruprecht">Knecht Ruprecht</a>, a rough companion to <a href="/wiki/Santa_Claus" title="Santa Claus">Santa Claus</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Lutzelfrau" title="Lutzelfrau">Lutzelfrau</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Yule" title="Yule">Yule</a> witch who must be appeased with small presents; the <a href="/wiki/Christkind" title="Christkind">Christkind</a>; the Osterhase (Easter Hare – the original <a href="/wiki/Easter_Bunny" title="Easter Bunny">Easter Bunny</a>); and <a href="/wiki/Walpurgisnacht" class="mw-redirect" title="Walpurgisnacht">Walpurgisnacht</a>, a spring festival derived from pagan customs. </p><p>Character folklore includes the stories of the <a href="/wiki/Pied_Piper_of_Hamelin" title="Pied Piper of Hamelin">Pied Piper of Hamelin</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Godfather_Death" title="Godfather Death">Godfather Death</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Trickster" title="Trickster">trickster</a> hero <a href="/wiki/Till_Eulenspiegel" title="Till Eulenspiegel">Till Eulenspiegel</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Town_Musicians_of_Bremen" title="Town Musicians of Bremen">Town Musicians of Bremen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Faust" title="Faust">Faust</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_folklore&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Documentation and preservation of folklore in the states that formally united as <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> in 1871 was initially fostered in the 18th and 19th centuries. As early as 1851, author <a href="/wiki/Bernhard_Baader" title="Bernhard Baader">Bernhard Baader</a> published a collection of folklore research obtained by oral history, called <i>Volkssagen aus dem Lande Baden und den angrenzenden Gegenden</i>. The <a href="/wiki/Saxon_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Saxon people">Saxon</a> author <a href="/wiki/Johann_Karl_August_Mus%C3%A4us" title="Johann Karl August Musäus">Johann Karl August Musäus</a> (1735–1787) was another early collector. </p><p>Study was further promoted by the <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussian</a> poet and philosopher <a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottfried_von_Herder" class="mw-redirect" title="Johann Gottfried von Herder">Johann Gottfried von Herder</a>. His belief in the role of folklore in ethnic nationalism – a folklore of Germany as a nation rather than of disunited German-speaking peoples – inspired the <a href="/wiki/Brothers_Grimm" title="Brothers Grimm">Brothers Grimm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goethe" class="mw-redirect" title="Goethe">Goethe</a> and others. For instance, folklore elements, such as the Rhine Maidens and the Grimms' <i><a href="/wiki/The_Story_of_a_Boy_Who_Went_Forth_to_Learn_Fear" class="mw-redirect" title="The Story of a Boy Who Went Forth to Learn Fear">The Story of a Boy Who Went Forth to Learn Fear</a></i>, formed part of the source material for <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Richard Wagner</a>'s opera cycle <a href="/wiki/Der_Ring_des_Nibelungen" title="Der Ring des Nibelungen">Der Ring des Nibelungen</a>. </p><p>Some of the works of <a href="/wiki/Washington_Irving" title="Washington Irving">Washington Irving</a> – notably "<a href="/wiki/Rip_van_Winkle" class="mw-redirect" title="Rip van Winkle">Rip van Winkle</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/The_Legend_of_Sleepy_Hollow" title="The Legend of Sleepy Hollow">The Legend of Sleepy Hollow</a>" – are based on German folktales. </p><p>Within Germany, the nationalistic aspect was further emphasized during the <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">National Socialist</a> era. James R. Dow has written that under National Socialism, "folklore became a propaganda instrument of anti-democratic, anti-socialist, and extremely inhumane terrorist policies".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Folklore studies, <i>Volkskunde</i>, were co-opted as a political tool, to seek out traditional customs to support the idea of historical continuity with a <a href="/wiki/Germanic_peoples" title="Germanic peoples">Germanic</a> culture. <a href="/wiki/Anti-Semitism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Semitism">Anti-Semitic</a> folklore such as the <a href="/wiki/Blood_libel" title="Blood libel">blood libel</a> legend was also emphasized. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_folklore&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Germanic_mythology" title="Continental Germanic mythology">Continental Germanic mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Sagen" title="Deutsche Sagen">German Legends</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_folklore&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHart2009" class="citation journal cs1">Hart, Moriah (Spring–Summer 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40600558">"Reviewed Work: German Folklore: A Handbook by James R. Dow"</a>. <i>Western Folklore</i>. <b>68</b> (2/3): 334–335. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40600558">40600558</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Western+Folklore&rft.atitle=Reviewed+Work%3A+German+Folklore%3A+A+Handbook+by+James+R.+Dow&rft.chron=spring%E2%80%93summer&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=2%2F3&rft.pages=334-335&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40600558%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Hart&rft.aufirst=Moriah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40600558&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+folklore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_folklore&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/autoren/musaeus.htm">Johann Karl August Musäus</a> Projekt Gutenberg DE (in German)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fairytalez.com/region/german/">German Fairy Tales and Folklore</a> Collected by Fairytales (in English)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="German_folklore" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:German_folklore" title="Template:German folklore"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:German_folklore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:German folklore (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:German_folklore" title="Special:EditPage/Template:German folklore"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="German_folklore" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">German folklore</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b>Folklore of <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_territories_where_German_is_an_official_language" title="List of countries and territories where German is an official language">German-speaking countries</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Beings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alberich" title="Alberich">Alberich</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alp_(folklore)" title="Alp (folklore)">Alp (folklore)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Askafroa" title="Askafroa">Askafroa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aufhocker" title="Aufhocker">Aufhocker</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bahkauv" title="Bahkauv">Bahkauv</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Beerwolf" title="Beerwolf">Beerwolf</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Belsnickel" title="Belsnickel">Belsnickel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bergm%C3%B6nch" title="Bergmönch">Bergmönch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bieresel" title="Bieresel">Bieresel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bogeyman" title="Bogeyman">Bogeyman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Buschgro%C3%9Fmutter" title="Buschgroßmutter">Buschgroßmutter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Changeling" title="Changeling">Changeling</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Christkind" title="Christkind">Christkind</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Companions_of_Saint_Nicholas" title="Companions of Saint Nicholas">Companions of Saint Nicholas</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Doppelg%C3%A4nger" title="Doppelgänger">Doppelgänger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Drak_(mythology)" title="Drak (mythology)">Drak (mythology)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Drude" title="Drude">Drude</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dwarf_(folklore)" title="Dwarf (folklore)">Dwarf (folklore)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Easter_Bunny" title="Easter Bunny">Easter Bunny</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ekke_Nekkepenn" title="Ekke Nekkepenn">Ekke Nekkepenn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elwetritsch" title="Elwetritsch">Elwetritsch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Erdhenne" title="Erdhenne">Erdhenne</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Erlking" title="Erlking">Erlking</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ewiger_J%C3%A4ger" title="Ewiger Jäger">Ewiger Jäger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A4nggen" title="Fänggen">Fänggen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fasolt" title="Fasolt">Fasolt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Feuermann_(ghost)" title="Feuermann (ghost)">Feuermann (ghost)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Feldgeister" title="Feldgeister">Feldgeister</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frau_Holle" title="Frau Holle">Frau Holle</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCtel" title="Gütel">Gütel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Heimchen" title="Heimchen">Heimchen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Heinzelm%C3%A4nnchen" title="Heinzelmännchen">Heinzelmännchen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hemann" title="Hemann">Hemann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hinzelmann" title="Hinzelmann">Hinzelmann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6dekin" title="Hödekin">Hödekin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Irrwurz" title="Irrwurz">Irrwurz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jack_o%27_the_bowl" title="Jack o' the bowl">Jack o' the bowl</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Klabautermann" title="Klabautermann">Klabautermann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Klagmuhme" title="Klagmuhme">Klagmuhme</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/King_Goldemar" title="King Goldemar">King Goldemar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/King_Laurin" title="King Laurin">King Laurin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Knecht_Ruprecht" title="Knecht Ruprecht">Knecht Ruprecht</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kobold" title="Kobold">Kobold</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Krampus" title="Krampus">Krampus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lindworm" title="Lindworm">Lindworm</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lorelei" title="Lorelei">Lorelei</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lutzelfrau" title="Lutzelfrau">Lutzelfrau</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mare_(folklore)" title="Mare (folklore)">Mare (folklore)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mephistopheles" title="Mephistopheles">Mephistopheles</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Moss_people" title="Moss people">Moss people</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nachtkrapp" title="Nachtkrapp">Nachtkrapp</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nachzehrer" title="Nachzehrer">Nachzehrer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nis_Puk" title="Nis Puk">Nis Puk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nixie_(folklore)" title="Nixie (folklore)">Nixie (folklore)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ork_(folklore)" title="Ork (folklore)">Ork (folklore)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perchta" title="Perchta">Perchta</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peterm%C3%A4nnchen" title="Petermännchen">Petermännchen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Poltergeist" title="Poltergeist">Poltergeist</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rasselbock" title="Rasselbock">Rasselbock</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rhinemaidens" title="Rhinemaidens">Rhinemaidens</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%BCbezahl" title="Rübezahl">Rübezahl</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Santa_Claus" title="Santa Claus">Santa Claus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Schrat" title="Schrat">Schrat</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tatzelwurm" title="Tatzelwurm">Tatzelwurm</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrst" title="Türst">Türst</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Uhaml" title="Uhaml">Uhaml</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wei%C3%9Fe_Frauen" title="Weiße Frauen">Weiße Frauen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wiederg%C3%A4nger" title="Wiedergänger">Wiedergänger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wild_Hunt" title="Wild Hunt">Wild Hunt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wild_man" title="Wild man">Wild man</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Will-o%27-the-wisp" title="Will-o'-the-wisp">Will-o'-the-wisp</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Witte_Wiwer" title="Witte Wiwer">Witte Wiwer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wolpertinger" title="Wolpertinger">Wolpertinger</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albrecht_Gessler" title="Albrecht Gessler">Albrecht Gessler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arnold_von_Winkelried" title="Arnold von Winkelried">Arnold von Winkelried</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Attila" title="Attila">Attila</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Baron_Munchausen" title="Baron Munchausen">Baron Munchausen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Brunhild" title="Brunhild">Brunhild</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Christman_Genipperteinga" title="Christman Genipperteinga">Christman Genipperteinga</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dietrich_von_Bern" title="Dietrich von Bern">Dietrich von Bern</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eppelein_von_Gailingen" title="Eppelein von Gailingen">Eppelein von Gailingen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Faust" title="Faust">Faust</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Barbarossa" title="Frederick Barbarossa">Frederick Barbarossa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Friar_Rush" title="Friar Rush">Friar Rush</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Genevieve_of_Brabant" title="Genevieve of Brabant">Genevieve of Brabant</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Giselher_of_Burgundy" title="Giselher of Burgundy">Giselher of Burgundy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6tz_von_Berlichingen" title="Götz von Berlichingen">Götz von Berlichingen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gunther" title="Gunther">Gunther</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gudrun" title="Gudrun">Gudrun</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gundomar_I" title="Gundomar I">Gundomar I</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hagen_(legend)" title="Hagen (legend)">Hagen (legend)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hannikel" title="Hannikel">Hannikel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hans_von_Sagan" title="Hans von Sagan">Hans von Sagan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hans_von_Trotha" title="Hans von Trotha">Hans von Trotha</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_von_Winkelried" title="Heinrich von Winkelried">Heinrich von Winkelried</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hildebrand" title="Hildebrand">Hildebrand</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Johann_Peter_Petri" title="Johann Peter Petri">Johann Peter Petri (Black Peter)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Klaus_St%C3%B6rtebeker" title="Klaus Störtebeker">Klaus Störtebeker</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Knight_of_the_Swan" title="Knight of the Swan">Knight of the Swan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Konrad_Baumgarten" title="Konrad Baumgarten">Konrad Baumgarten</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kunigunde_von_Orlam%C3%BCnde" title="Kunigunde von Orlamünde">Kunigunde von Orlamünde</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lohengrin" title="Lohengrin">Lohengrin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Matthias_Klostermayr" title="Matthias Klostermayr">Matthias Klostermayr</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nibelung" title="Nibelung">Nibelung</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ortnit" title="Ortnit">Ortnit</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Otto_the_Younger" title="Otto the Younger">Otto the Younger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Klaus" title="Peter Klaus">Peter Klaus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Nikoll" title="Peter Nikoll">Peter Nikoll (Black Peter)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pied_Piper_of_Hamelin" title="Pied Piper of Hamelin">Pied Piper of Hamelin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Princess_Ilse" title="Princess Ilse">Princess Ilse</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Punker_of_Rohrbach" title="Punker of Rohrbach">Punker of Rohrbach</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%BCdiger_von_Bechelaren" title="Rüdiger von Bechelaren">Rüdiger von Bechelaren</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Schildb%C3%BCrger" title="Schildbürger">Schildbürger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Schinderhannes" title="Schinderhannes">Schinderhannes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sigurd" title="Sigurd">Sigurd</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stauffacherin" title="Stauffacherin">Stauffacherin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tannh%C3%A4user" title="Tannhäuser">Tannhäuser</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/The_Smith_of_Kochel" title="The Smith of Kochel">The Smith of Kochel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Till_Eulenspiegel" title="Till Eulenspiegel">Till Eulenspiegel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Volker_von_Alzey" title="Volker von Alzey">Volker von Alzey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Walram_of_Thierstein" title="Walram of Thierstein">Walram of Thierstein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Walter_of_Aquitaine" title="Walter of Aquitaine">Walter of Aquitaine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Werner_Stauffacher" title="Werner Stauffacher">Werner Stauffacher</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Tell" title="William Tell">William Tell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Witege" title="Witege">Witege</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wolfdietrich" title="Wolfdietrich">Wolfdietrich</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Xaver_Hohenleiter" title="Xaver Hohenleiter">Xaver Hohenleiter</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legends and fairy tales</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Grimms%27_Fairy_Tales" title="Grimms' Fairy Tales">Grimms' Fairy Tales</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Sagen" title="Deutsche Sagen">Deutsche Sagen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Volksm%C3%A4rchen_der_Deutschen" title="Volksmärchen der Deutschen">Volksmärchen der Deutschen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gespensterbuch" title="Gespensterbuch">Gespensterbuch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nibelungenlied" title="Nibelungenlied">Nibelungenlied</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Freisch%C3%BCtz" title="Freischütz">Freischütz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hirschsprung_(Black_Forest)" title="Hirschsprung (Black Forest)">Hirschsprung (Black Forest)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Venusberg_(mythology)" title="Venusberg (mythology)">Venusberg (mythology)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vineta" title="Vineta">Vineta</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Walpurgis_Night" title="Walpurgis Night">Walpurgis Night</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">German folklore</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Swiss_folklore" title="Swiss folklore">Swiss folklore</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Folklore_of_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Europe_topic" title="Template:Europe topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Europe_topic" title="Template talk:Europe topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Europe_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Europe topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Folklore_of_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Folklore of Europe</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Folklore of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Folklore_of_Andorra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Folklore of Andorra (page does not exist)">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Folklore_of_Armenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Folklore of Armenia (page does not exist)">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Folklore_of_Austria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Folklore of Austria (page does not exist)">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Folklore of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Folklore_of_Belarus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Folklore of Belarus (page does not exist)">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_Belgium" title="Folklore of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Folklore_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Folklore of Bosnia and Herzegovina (page does not exist)">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Folklore_of_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Folklore of Bulgaria (page does not exist)">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Folklore_of_Croatia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Folklore of Croatia (page does not exist)">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Folklore_of_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Folklore of Cyprus (page does not exist)">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Folklore of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Folklore of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_Estonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Folklore of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_Finland" title="Folklore of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Folklore of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Folklore_of_Georgia_(country)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Folklore of Georgia (country) (page does not exist)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Folklore of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Folklore_of_Greece&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Folklore of Greece (page does not exist)">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Folklore_of_Hungary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Folklore of Hungary (page does not exist)">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_Iceland" class="mw-redirect" title="Folklore of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Folklore of the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_Italy" title="Folklore of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Folklore_of_Kazakhstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Folklore of Kazakhstan (page does not exist)">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Folklore_of_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Folklore of Latvia (page does not exist)">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Folklore_of_Liechtenstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Folklore of Liechtenstein (page does not exist)">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Folklore_of_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Folklore of Lithuania (page does not exist)">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_Luxembourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Folklore of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="Folklore of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Folklore_of_Moldova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Folklore of Moldova (page does not exist)">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Folklore_of_Monaco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Folklore of Monaco (page does not exist)">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Folklore_of_Montenegro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Folklore of Montenegro (page does not exist)">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Folklore of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Folklore_of_North_Macedonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Folklore of North Macedonia (page does not exist)">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Folklore of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Folklore_of_Poland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Folklore of Poland (page does not exist)">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Folklore_of_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Folklore of Portugal (page does not exist)">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_Romania" title="Folklore of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Folklore of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Folklore_of_San_Marino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Folklore of San Marino (page does not exist)">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Folklore of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Folklore_of_Slovakia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Folklore of Slovakia (page does not exist)">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Folklore_of_Slovenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Folklore of Slovenia (page does not exist)">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_Spain" title="Folklore of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Folklore of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Folklore of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Folklore of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Folklore of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Folklore of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Folklore_of_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Folklore of Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Folklore_of_Kosovo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Folklore of Kosovo (page does not exist)">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Folklore_of_Northern_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Folklore of Northern Cyprus (page does not exist)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Folklore_of_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Folklore of South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Folklore_of_Transnistria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Folklore of Transnistria (page does not exist)">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_%C3%85land" class="mw-redirect" title="Folklore of Åland">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_the_Faroe_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Folklore of the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Folklore_of_Gibraltar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Folklore of Gibraltar (page does not exist)">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Folklore_of_Guernsey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Folklore of Guernsey (page does not exist)">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Folklore_of_the_Isle_of_Man&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Folklore of the Isle of Man (page does not exist)">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Folklore_of_Jersey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Folklore of Jersey (page does not exist)">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_Svalbard" class="mw-redirect" title="Folklore of Svalbard">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" 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