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class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" 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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Web Messaging</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B1_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Веб размена порука – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Веб размена порука" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5188169#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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title="WebGPU">WebGPU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebXR" title="WebXR">WebXR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W3C_Markup_Validation_Service" title="W3C Markup Validation Service">Validator</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WHATWG" title="WHATWG">WHATWG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quirks_mode" title="Quirks mode">Quirks mode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_storage" title="Web storage">Web storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Browser_engine" title="Browser engine">Rendering engine</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Comparisons</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_document_markup_languages" title="Comparison of document markup languages">Document markup languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_browser_engines" title="Comparison of browser engines">Comparison of browser engines</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:HTML" title="Template:HTML"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:HTML" title="Template talk:HTML"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:HTML" title="Special:EditPage/Template:HTML"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Web Messaging</b>, or <b>cross-document messaging</b>, is an <a href="/wiki/API" title="API">API</a> introduced in the <a href="/wiki/WHATWG" title="WHATWG">WHATWG</a> <a href="/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5">HTML5</a> draft specification, allowing documents to communicate with one another across different origins, or source domains<sup id="cite_ref-WHATWG_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHATWG-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while rendered in a <a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">web browser</a>. Prior to HTML5, web browsers disallowed <a href="/wiki/Cross-site_scripting" title="Cross-site scripting">cross-site scripting</a>, to protect against security attacks. This practice barred communication between non-hostile pages as well, making document interaction of any kind difficult.<sup id="cite_ref-WHATWG_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHATWG-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WebKit_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WebKit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cross-document messaging allows scripts to interact across these boundaries, while providing a rudimentary level of security. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Requirements_and_attributes">Requirements and attributes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_Messaging&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Requirements and attributes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Using the Messaging API's <code>postMessage</code> method, plain text messages can be sent from one domain to another, e.g. from a parent document to an <a href="/wiki/IFRAME" class="mw-redirect" title="IFRAME">IFRAME</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-INTRODUCING_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-INTRODUCING-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This requires that the author first obtain the <code>Window</code> object of the receiving document. As a result, messages can be posted to the following:<sup id="cite_ref-WebKit_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WebKit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>other frames or iframes within the sender document's window</li> <li>windows the sender document explicitly opens through JavaScript calls</li> <li>the parent window of the sender document</li> <li>the window which opened the sender document</li></ul> <p>The message <code>event</code> being received has the following attributes: </p> <ul><li><code>data</code> – The data, or actual content, of the incoming message.</li> <li><code>origin</code> – The origin of the sender document. This typically includes the scheme, hostname and port. It does not include the path or fragment identifier.<sup id="cite_ref-WHATWG_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHATWG-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><code>source</code> – the <code>WindowProxy</code> of where the document came from (the source window).</li></ul> <p><code>postMessage</code> is not a blocking call; messages are processed asynchronously.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Example">Example</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_Messaging&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Example"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Consider we want document A loaded from <code>example.net</code> to communicate with document B loaded from <code>example.com</code> into an <code>iframe</code> or popup window.<sup id="cite_ref-WHATWG_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHATWG-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a> for document A will look as follows: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-javascript mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">o</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">document</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">getElementsByTagName</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'iframe'</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">];</span> <span class="nx">o</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">contentWindow</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">postMessage</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Hello B'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'http://example.com/'</span><span class="p">);</span> </pre></div> <p>The origin of our <code>contentWindow</code> object is passed to <code>postMessage</code>. It must match the <code>origin</code> of the document we wish to communicate with (in this case, document B). Otherwise, a security error will be thrown and the script will stop.<sup id="cite_ref-INTRODUCING_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-INTRODUCING-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The JavaScript for document B will look as follows: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-javascript mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">receiver</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">event</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">event</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">origin</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'http://example.net'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">event</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'Hello B'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">event</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">source</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">postMessage</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Hello A, how are you?'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">event</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">origin</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">alert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">event</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span> <span class="p">}</span> <span class="nb">window</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">addEventListener</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'message'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">receiver</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">);</span> </pre></div> <p>An <a href="/wiki/Event_listener" class="mw-redirect" title="Event listener">event listener</a> is set up to receive messages from document A. Using the <code>origin</code> property, it then checks that the domain of the sender is the expected domain. Document B then looks at the message, either displaying it to the user, or responding in turn with a message of its own for document A.<sup id="cite_ref-WHATWG_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHATWG-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Security">Security</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_Messaging&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Security"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Poor origin checking can pose a risk for applications which employ cross-document messaging.<sup id="cite_ref-Security_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Security-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To safeguard against malicious code from foreign domains, authors should check the <code>origin</code> attribute to ensure messages are accepted from domains they expect to receive messages from. The format of incoming data should also be checked that it matches the expected format.<sup id="cite_ref-WHATWG_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHATWG-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Support">Support</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_Messaging&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Support"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Support for cross-document messaging exists in current versions of <a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer">Internet Explorer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mozilla_Firefox" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozilla Firefox">Mozilla Firefox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome">Google Chrome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Opera_(web_browser)" title="Opera (web browser)">Opera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Opera_Mini" title="Opera Mini">Opera Mini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Opera_Mobile" title="Opera Mobile">Opera Mobile</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android web browser</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-canIuse_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-canIuse-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Support for the API exists in the <a href="/wiki/Trident_(layout_engine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trident (layout engine)">Trident</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gecko_(layout_engine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gecko (layout engine)">Gecko</a>, <a href="/wiki/WebKit" title="WebKit">WebKit</a> and <a href="/wiki/Presto_(layout_engine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Presto (layout engine)">Presto</a> layout engines.<sup id="cite_ref-SUPPORT_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SUPPORT-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_Messaging&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cross-site_scripting" title="Cross-site scripting">Cross-site scripting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-site_request_forgery" title="Cross-site request forgery">Cross-site request forgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-origin_policy" title="Same-origin policy">Same-origin policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-origin_resource_sharing" title="Cross-origin resource sharing">Cross-origin resource sharing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JSONP" title="JSONP">JSONP</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_Messaging&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-WHATWG-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WHATWG_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WHATWG_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WHATWG_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WHATWG_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WHATWG_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WHATWG_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/comms.html#web-messaging"><i>Cross-Document Messaging – HTML Draft Standard</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WebKit-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WebKit_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WebKit_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120609170929/http://developer.apple.com/library/mac/#documentation/AppleApplications/Conceptual/SafariJSProgTopics/Articles/Cross-documentmessaging.html">"<i>WebKit DOM Programming Topics - Cross Document Messaging</i>"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/#documentation/AppleApplications/Conceptual/SafariJSProgTopics/Articles/Cross-documentmessaging.html">the original</a> on 2012-06-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-12-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=WebKit+DOM+Programming+Topics+-+Cross+Document+Messaging&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.apple.com%2Flibrary%2Fmac%2F%23documentation%2FAppleApplications%2FConceptual%2FSafariJSProgTopics%2FArticles%2FCross-documentmessaging.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWeb+Messaging" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-INTRODUCING-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-INTRODUCING_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-INTRODUCING_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Remy, Sharp, <i>Messages, Workers, and Sockets</i>, <i>Introducing HTML5</i>, New Riders, 2011, p. 197-199</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2010/WD-webmessaging-20101118/#web-messaging">"HTML5 Web Messaging"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HTML5+Web+Messaging&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2F2010%2FWD-webmessaging-20101118%2F%23web-messaging&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWeb+Messaging" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Security-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Security_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.veracode.com/blog/2010/05/html5-security-in-a-nutshell/"><i>HTML5 Security in a Nutshell</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-canIuse-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-canIuse_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caniuse.com/x-doc-messaging"><i>When can I use Cross-Document Messaging?</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SUPPORT-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SUPPORT_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111112155122/http://molly.com/html5/html5-0709.html">"<i>A Selection of Supported Features in HTML5</i>"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://molly.com/html5/html5-0709.html">the original</a> on 2011-11-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-04-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Selection+of+Supported+Features+in+HTML5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmolly.com%2Fhtml5%2Fhtml5-0709.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWeb+Messaging" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_Messaging&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/REC-webmessaging-20150519/">HTML5 Web Messaging recommendation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/postmsg/">HTML5 Web Messaging specification</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101224010913/http://dev.w3.org/html5/postmsg/">Archived</a> 2010-12-24 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/comms.html#web-messaging"><i><span></span></i>Cross-Document Messaging – HTML Draft Standard<i><span></span></i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Web_Hypertext_Application_Technology_Working_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group">WHATWG</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cross-Document+Messaging+%E2%80%93+HTML+Draft+Standard&rft.pub=WHATWG&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.whatwg.org%2Fspecs%2Fweb-apps%2Fcurrent-work%2Fmultipage%2Fcomms.html%23web-messaging&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWeb+Messaging" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120609170929/http://developer.apple.com/library/mac/#documentation/AppleApplications/Conceptual/SafariJSProgTopics/Articles/Cross-documentmessaging.html"><i><span></span></i>WebKit DOM Programming Topics - Cross Document Messaging<i><span></span></i></a>, Apple Developer Library, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/#documentation/AppleApplications/Conceptual/SafariJSProgTopics/Articles/Cross-documentmessaging.html">the original</a> on 2012-06-09<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-12-29</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=WebKit+DOM+Programming+Topics+-+Cross+Document+Messaging&rft.pub=Apple+Developer+Library&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.apple.com%2Flibrary%2Fmac%2F%23documentation%2FAppleApplications%2FConceptual%2FSafariJSProgTopics%2FArticles%2FCross-documentmessaging.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWeb+Messaging" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEng2010" class="citation cs2">Eng, Chris (2010-05-17), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.veracode.com/blog/2010/05/html5-security-in-a-nutshell/"><i><span></span></i>HTML5 Security in a Nutshell<i><span></span></i></a>, Veracode</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=HTML5+Security+in+a+Nutshell&rft.pub=Veracode&rft.date=2010-05-17&rft.aulast=Eng&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.veracode.com%2Fblog%2F2010%2F05%2Fhtml5-security-in-a-nutshell%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWeb+Messaging" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caniuse.com/x-doc-messaging"><i><span></span></i>When can I use Cross-Document Messaging?<i><span></span></i></a>, CanIUse</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=When+can+I+use+Cross-Document+Messaging%3F&rft.pub=CanIUse&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcaniuse.com%2Fx-doc-messaging&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWeb+Messaging" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111112155122/http://molly.com/html5/html5-0709.html"><i><span></span></i>A Selection of Supported Features in HTML5<i><span></span></i></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://molly.com/html5/html5-0709.html">the original</a> on 2011-11-12<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-04-18</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Selection+of+Supported+Features+in+HTML5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmolly.com%2Fhtml5%2Fhtml5-0709.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWeb+Messaging" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Web_interfaces" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Web_interfaces" title="Template:Web interfaces"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Web_interfaces" title="Template talk:Web interfaces"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Web_interfaces" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Web interfaces"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Web_interfaces" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Web_API" title="Web API">Web interfaces</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold"><div id="Server-side"><a href="/wiki/Server-side" class="mw-redirect" title="Server-side">Server-side</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Communication_protocol" title="Communication protocol">Protocols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HTTP" title="HTTP">HTTP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HTTP/2" title="HTTP/2">v2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTTP/3" title="HTTP/3">v3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTTPS" title="HTTPS">Encryption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebDAV" title="WebDAV">WebDAV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Gateway_Interface" title="Common Gateway Interface">CGI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_Common_Gateway_Interface" title="Simple Common Gateway Interface">SCGI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FastCGI" title="FastCGI">FCGI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_JServ_Protocol" title="Apache JServ Protocol">AJP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Services_for_Remote_Portlets" title="Web Services for Remote Portlets">WSRP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebSocket" title="WebSocket">WebSocket</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Server_application_programming_interface" title="Server application programming interface">Server APIs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Netscape_Server_Application_Programming_Interface" title="Netscape Server Application Programming Interface">C NSAPI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_HTTP_Server#Feature_overview" title="Apache HTTP Server">C ASAPI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Server_Application_Programming_Interface" title="Internet Server Application Programming Interface">C ISAPI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Active_Server_Pages" title="Active Server Pages">COM ASP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakarta_Servlet" title="Jakarta Servlet">Jakarta Servlet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Web_container" title="Web container">container</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Web_Interface_for_.NET" title="Open Web Interface for .NET">CLI OWIN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTTP_handler" title="HTTP handler">ASP.NET Handler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Server_Gateway_Interface" title="Web Server Gateway Interface">Python WSGI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asynchronous_Server_Gateway_Interface" title="Asynchronous Server Gateway Interface">Python ASGI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rack_(web_server_interface)" title="Rack (web server interface)">Ruby Rack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JSGI" title="JSGI">JavaScript JSGI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plack_(software)#PSGI" title="Plack (software)">Perl PSGI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Java_Portlet_Specification" title="Java Portlet Specification">Portlet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Java_Portlet_Specification" title="Java Portlet Specification">container</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apache_modules" title="List of Apache modules">Apache modules</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Server_Side_Includes" title="Server Side Includes">mod_include</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod_jk" class="mw-redirect" title="Mod jk">mod_jk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod_lisp" title="Mod lisp">mod_lisp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod_mono" title="Mod mono">mod_mono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod_parrot" class="mw-redirect" title="Mod parrot">mod_parrot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod_perl" title="Mod perl">mod_perl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PHP" title="PHP">mod_php</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod_proxy" title="Mod proxy">mod_proxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod_python" title="Mod python">mod_python</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod_wsgi" title="Mod wsgi">mod_wsgi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod_ruby" title="Mod ruby">mod_ruby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phusion_Passenger" title="Phusion Passenger">Phusion Passenger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Web_service" title="Web service">Web service</a> vs. <a href="/wiki/Web_resource" title="Web resource">Web resource</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web-oriented_architecture" title="Web-oriented architecture">WOA</a> vs. <a href="/wiki/Resource-oriented_architecture" title="Resource-oriented architecture">ROA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_API" title="Open API">Open API</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webhook" title="Webhook">Webhook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Application_server" title="Application server">Application server</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_application_servers" title="List of application servers">comparison</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Server-side_scripting" title="Server-side scripting">Scripting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold"><div id="Client-side"><a href="/wiki/Client-side" class="mw-redirect" title="Client-side">Client-side</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plug-in_(computing)" title="Plug-in (computing)">Browser APIs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NPAPI" title="NPAPI">C NPAPI</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NPAPI#LiveConnect" title="NPAPI">LiveConnect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NPAPI#XPConnect" title="NPAPI">XPConnect</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NPAPI#NPRuntime" title="NPAPI">C NPRuntime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Native_Client#Pepper" title="Google Native Client">C PPAPI</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Native_Client" title="Google Native Client">NaCl</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ActiveX" title="ActiveX">ActiveX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Browser_Helper_Object" title="Browser Helper Object">BHO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XAML_Browser_Applications" title="XAML Browser Applications">XBAP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Web_API#Client_side" title="Web API">Web APIs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/WHATWG" title="WHATWG">WHATWG</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HTML_audio" title="HTML audio">Audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canvas_element" title="Canvas element">Canvas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Document_Object_Model" title="Document Object Model">DOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Server-sent_events" title="Server-sent events">SSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML_video" title="HTML video">Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebSocket" title="WebSocket">WebSockets</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Web messaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_storage" title="Web storage">Web storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_worker" title="Web worker">Web worker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XMLHttpRequest" title="XMLHttpRequest">XMLHttpRequest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DOM_event" title="DOM event">DOM events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encrypted_Media_Extensions" title="Encrypted Media Extensions">EME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML5_File_API" title="HTML5 File API">File</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W3C_Geolocation_API" title="W3C Geolocation API">Geolocation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indexed_Database_API" title="Indexed Database API">IndexedDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_Source_Extensions" title="Media Source Extensions">MSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SVG" title="SVG">SVG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebAssembly" title="WebAssembly">WebAssembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebAuthn" title="WebAuthn">WebAuthn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebGPU" title="WebGPU">WebGPU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebRTC" title="WebRTC">WebRTC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebXR" title="WebXR">WebXR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Khronos_Group" title="Khronos Group">Khronos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WebCL" title="WebCL">WebCL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebGL" title="WebGL">WebGL</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gears_(software)" title="Gears (software)">Gears</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_SQL_Database" title="Web SQL Database">Web SQL Database</a> (formerly W3C)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebUSB" title="WebUSB">WebUSB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajax_(programming)" title="Ajax (programming)">Ajax</a> and <a href="/wiki/Remote_scripting" title="Remote scripting">Remote scripting</a> vs. <a href="/wiki/Dynamic_HTML" title="Dynamic HTML">DHTML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Browser_extension" title="Browser extension">Browser extension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-site_scripting" title="Cross-site scripting">Cross-site scripting</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cross-origin_resource_sharing" title="Cross-origin resource sharing">CORS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydration_(web_development)" title="Hydration (web development)">Hydration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashup_(web_application_hybrid)" title="Mashup (web application hybrid)">Mashup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Client-side_persistent_data" title="Client-side persistent data">Persistent data</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_IDL" title="Web IDL">Web IDL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_web_page#Client-side_scripting" title="Dynamic web page">Scripting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Related_topics">Related topics</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frontend_and_backend" title="Frontend and backend">Frontend and backend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microservices" title="Microservices">Microservices</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/REST" title="REST">REST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GraphQL" 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