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vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 History </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle History subsection </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-"Thoughts_on_Flash"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Thoughts_on_Flash""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 "Thoughts on Flash" </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Thoughts_on_Flash"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Last_call,_candidacy,_and_recommendation_stages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Last_call,_candidacy,_and_recommendation_stages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Last call, candidacy, and recommendation stages </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Last_call,_candidacy,_and_recommendation_stages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Retirement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Retirement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Retirement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Retirement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Timeline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timeline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Timeline </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Timeline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-W3C_and_WHATWG_conflict" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#W3C_and_WHATWG_conflict"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 W3C and WHATWG conflict </div> </a> <ul id="toc-W3C_and_WHATWG_conflict-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Differences_between_the_two_standards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Differences_between_the_two_standards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5.1 Differences between the two standards </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Differences_between_the_two_standards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Features_and_APIs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Features_and_APIs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Features and APIs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Features_and_APIs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Features </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Features-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Features subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Markup" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Markup"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Markup </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Markup-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_APIs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_APIs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 New APIs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_APIs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-XHTML5_(XML-serialized_HTML5)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#XHTML5_(XML-serialized_HTML5)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 XHTML5 (XML-serialized HTML5) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-XHTML5_(XML-serialized_HTML5)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Error_handling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Error_handling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Error handling </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Error_handling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Popularity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popularity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Popularity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Popularity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Differences_from_HTML_4.01_and_XHTML_1.x" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Differences_from_HTML_4.01_and_XHTML_1.x"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Differences from HTML 4.01 and XHTML 1.x </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Differences_from_HTML_4.01_and_XHTML_1.x-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Logo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Logo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Logo </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Logo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Digital_rights_management" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Digital_rights_management"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Digital rights management </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Digital_rights_management-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">HTML5</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 54 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-54" aria-hidden="true" > 54 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%AA%D8%B4_%D8%AA%D9%8A_%D8%A5%D9%85_%D8%A5%D9%84_5" title="إتش تي إم إل 5 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إتش تي إم إل 5" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5 – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="HTML5" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A7%AB" title="এইচটিএমএল ৫ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="এইচটিএমএল ৫" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="HTML5" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML_5" title="HTML 5 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="HTML 5" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="HTML5" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="HTML5" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="HTML5" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5 – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="HTML5" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="HTML5" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="HTML5" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="HTML5" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5 – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="HTML5" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DA%86%E2%80%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%B5" title="اچ‌تی‌ام‌ال۵ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اچ‌تی‌ام‌ال۵" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="HTML5" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="HTML5" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="HTML5" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5 – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="HTML5" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B5" title="एचटीएमएल फाइव – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="एचटीएमएल फाइव" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5 – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="HTML5" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="HTML5" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="HTML5" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="HTML5" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="HTML5" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%86_%D9%B9%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84" title="ایچ ٹی ایم ایل – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="ایچ ٹی ایم ایل" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5 – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="HTML5" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5 – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="HTML5" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="HTML5" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D.%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF.%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%82.%E0%B4%8E%E0%B5%BD._5" title="എച്ച്.ടി.എം.എൽ. 5 – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="എച്ച്.ടി.എം.എൽ. 5" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="HTML5" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="HTML5" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="HTML5" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5 – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="HTML5" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="HTML5" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="HTML5" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="HTML5" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5 – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="HTML5" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5 – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="HTML5" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="HTML5" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5 – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="HTML5" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="HTML5" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="HTML5" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="HTML5" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5 – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="HTML5" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5 – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="HTML5" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="HTML5" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="HTML5" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A55" title="เอชทีเอ็มแอล5 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เอชทีเอ็มแอล5" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="HTML5" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="HTML5" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a 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item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title" style="padding-bottom:0.15em;">HTML5</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:HTML5_logo_and_wordmark.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/HTML5_logo_and_wordmark.svg/130px-HTML5_logo_and_wordmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/HTML5_logo_and_wordmark.svg/195px-HTML5_logo_and_wordmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/HTML5_logo_and_wordmark.svg/260px-HTML5_logo_and_wordmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Filename_extension" title="Filename extension">Filename extension</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><div class="monospaced"> <code>.html</code>, <code>.htm</code></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Media_type" title="Media type">Internet media type</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><div class="monospaced"> text/html</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Type_code" class="mw-redirect" title="Type code">Type code</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">TEXT</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Uniform_Type_Identifier" title="Uniform Type Identifier">Uniform Type Identifier (UTI)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">public.html<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Developed by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/WHATWG" title="WHATWG">WHATWG</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a> (W3C; formerly)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">22 January 2008 (16 years ago) (2008-01-22)<a href="#cite_note-HTML5v1-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Latest release</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">5.2 (Second revision) 14 December 2017 (6 years ago) (2017-12-14)<a href="#cite_note-HTML52_History-3">[3]</a> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Type of format</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Markup_language" title="Markup language">Markup language</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Extended from</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML4</a>, <a href="/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML">XHTML1</a>, DOM2 HTML</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Extended to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/HTML_Living_Standard" class="mw-redirect" title="HTML Living Standard">HTML LS</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/International_standard" title="International standard">Standard</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/standards/history/html52/">HTML 5.2</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Open_file_format" title="Open file format">Open format</a>?</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">Yes</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_HTML" title="Dynamic HTML">Dynamic HTML</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">HTML5</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Article_element" title="Article element">article</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML_audio" title="HTML audio">audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canvas_element" title="Canvas element">canvas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML_video" title="HTML video">video</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML">XHTML</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/XHTML_Basic" title="XHTML Basic">Basic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XHTML_Mobile_Profile" title="XHTML Mobile Profile">Mobile Profile</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML_element" title="HTML element">HTML element</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meta_element" title="Meta element">meta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Div_and_span" title="Div and span">div and span</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blink_element" title="Blink element">blink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquee_element" title="Marquee element">marquee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML_attribute" title="HTML attribute">HTML attribute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alt_attribute" title="Alt attribute">alt attribute</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frame_(World_Wide_Web)" title="Frame (World Wide Web)">HTML frame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML_editor" title="HTML editor">HTML editor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Character_encodings_in_HTML" title="Character encodings in HTML">Character encodings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_XML_and_HTML_character_entity_references" title="List of XML and HTML character entity references">named characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_and_HTML" title="Unicode and HTML">Unicode</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_code" title="Language code">Language code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Document_Object_Model" title="Document Object Model">Document Object Model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Browser_Object_Model" title="Browser Object Model">Browser Object Model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_sheet_(web_development)" title="Style sheet (web development)">Style sheets</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CSS" title="CSS">CSS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Font_family_(HTML)" title="Font family (HTML)">Font family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_colors" title="Web colors">Web colors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WebCL" title="WebCL">WebCL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTMX" class="mw-redirect" title="HTMX">HTMX</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web3D" title="Web3D">Web3D</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WebGL" title="WebGL">WebGL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebGPU" title="WebGPU">WebGPU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebXR" title="WebXR">WebXR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W3C_Markup_Validation_Service" title="W3C Markup Validation Service">Validator</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WHATWG" title="WHATWG">WHATWG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quirks_mode" title="Quirks mode">Quirks mode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_storage" title="Web storage">Web storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Browser_engine" title="Browser engine">Rendering engine</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Comparisons</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_document_markup_languages" title="Comparison of document markup languages">Document markup languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_browser_engines" title="Comparison of browser engines">Comparison of browser engines</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:HTML" title="Template:HTML"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:HTML" title="Template talk:HTML"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:HTML" title="Special:EditPage/Template:HTML"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> HTML5 (Hypertext Markup Language 5) is a <a href="/wiki/Markup_language" title="Markup language">markup language</a> used for structuring and presenting <a href="/wiki/Hypertext" title="Hypertext">hypertext</a> documents on the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a>. It was the fifth and final<a href="#cite_note-W3C_transfer_ZDNet-4">[4]</a> major <a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> version that is now a retired <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a> (W3C) recommendation. The current specification is known as the <a href="/wiki/HTML_Living_Standard" class="mw-redirect" title="HTML Living Standard">HTML Living Standard</a>. It is maintained by the <a href="/wiki/Web_Hypertext_Application_Technology_Working_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group">Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group</a> (WHATWG), a consortium of the major browser vendors (<a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mozilla" title="Mozilla">Mozilla</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>). HTML5 was first released in a public-facing form on 22 January 2008,<a href="#cite_note-HTML5v1-2">[2]</a> with a major update and "W3C Recommendation" status in October 2014.<a href="#cite_note-finalars-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> Its goals were to improve the language with support for the latest <a href="/wiki/Multimedia" title="Multimedia">multimedia</a> and other new features; to keep the language both easily readable by humans and consistently understood by computers and devices such as <a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">web browsers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parsing" title="Parsing">parsers</a>, etc., without <a href="/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML">XHTML's</a> rigidity; and to remain <a href="/wiki/Backward-compatible" class="mw-redirect" title="Backward-compatible">backward-compatible</a> with older software. HTML5 is intended to subsume not only <a href="/wiki/HTML_4" class="mw-redirect" title="HTML 4">HTML 4</a> but also XHTML1 and even the <a href="/wiki/Document_Object_Model" title="Document Object Model">DOM</a> Level 2 HTML itself.<a href="#cite_note-HTML5diffHTML4-quote-7">[7]</a> HTML5 includes detailed processing models to encourage more interoperable implementations; it extends, improves, and rationalizes the markup available for documents and introduces markup and <a href="/wiki/Application_programming_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Application programming interface">application programming interfaces</a> (APIs) for complex <a href="/wiki/Web_application" title="Web application">web applications</a>.<a href="#cite_note-HTML5diffHTML4-8">[8]</a> For the same reasons, HTML5 is also a candidate for cross-platform mobile applications because it includes features designed with low-powered devices in mind. Many new <a href="/wiki/Syntax_(programming_languages)" title="Syntax (programming languages)">syntactic</a> features are included. To natively include and handle multimedia and <a href="/wiki/2D_computer_graphics" title="2D computer graphics">graphical</a> content, the new <a href="/wiki/HTML_video" title="HTML video"><code class="nowrap" style=""><video></code></a>, <a href="/wiki/HTML_audio" title="HTML audio"><code class="nowrap" style=""><audio></code></a> and <a href="/wiki/Canvas_element" title="Canvas element"><code class="nowrap" style=""><canvas></code></a> <a href="/wiki/HTML_element" title="HTML element">elements</a> were added; expandable sections are natively implemented through <code class="nowrap" style=""><summary>...</summary></code> and <code class="nowrap" style=""><details>...</details></code> rather than depending on CSS or JavaScript; and support for <a href="/wiki/Scalable_vector_graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Scalable vector graphics">scalable vector graphics</a> (SVG) content and <a href="/wiki/MathML" title="MathML">MathML</a> for mathematical formulas was also added. To enrich the <a href="/wiki/Semantic_Web" title="Semantic Web">semantic</a> content of documents, new page structure elements such as <code class="nowrap" style=""><main></code>, <code class="nowrap" style=""><section></code>, <a href="/wiki/Article_element_(HTML5)" class="mw-redirect" title="Article element (HTML5)"><code class="nowrap" style=""><article></code></a>, <code class="nowrap" style=""><header></code>, <code class="nowrap" style=""><footer></code>, <code class="nowrap" style=""><aside></code>, <code class="nowrap" style=""><nav></code>, and <code class="nowrap" style=""><figure></code> are added. New <a href="/wiki/HTML_attribute" title="HTML attribute">attributes</a> were introduced, some elements and attributes were removed, and others such as <code class="nowrap" style=""><a></code>, <code class="nowrap" style=""><cite></code>, and <code class="nowrap" style=""><menu></code> were changed, redefined, or standardized. The APIs and <a href="/wiki/Document_Object_Model" title="Document Object Model">Document Object Model</a> (DOM) are now fundamental parts of the HTML5 specification,<a href="#cite_note-HTML5diffHTML4-8">[8]</a> and HTML5 also better defines the processing for any invalid documents.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HTML5&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Web_Hypertext_Application_Technology_Working_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group">Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group</a> (WHATWG) began work on the new standard in 2004. At that time, HTML 4.01 had not been updated since 2000,<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a> (W3C) was focusing future developments on <a href="/wiki/XHTML_2.0" class="mw-redirect" title="XHTML 2.0">XHTML 2.0</a>. In 2009, the <a href="/wiki/W3C" class="mw-redirect" title="W3C">W3C</a> allowed the <a href="/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML">XHTML</a> 2.0 Working Group's charter to expire and decided not to renew it.<a href="#cite_note-W3C_hist-11">[11]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Mozilla_Foundation" title="Mozilla Foundation">Mozilla Foundation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Opera_Software" class="mw-redirect" title="Opera Software">Opera Software</a> presented a position paper at a World Wide Web Consortium workshop in June 2004,<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> focusing on developing technologies that are backward-compatible with existing browsers,<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> including an initial draft specification of Web Forms 2.0. The workshop concluded with a vote—8 for, 14 against—for continuing work on HTML.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> Immediately after the workshop, WHATWG was formed to start work based upon that position paper, and a second draft, Web Applications 1.0, was also announced.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> The two specifications were later merged to form HTML5.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> The HTML5 specification was adopted as the starting point of the work of the new HTML working group of the W3C in 2007. WHATWG's <a href="/wiki/Ian_Hickson" title="Ian Hickson">Ian Hickson</a> (<a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Dave_Hyatt" title="Dave Hyatt">David Hyatt</a> (<a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a>) produced W3C's first public working draft of the specification on 22 January 2008.<a href="#cite_note-HTML5v1-2">[2]</a> Many web browsers released after 2009 support HTML5, including <a href="/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome">Google Chrome</a> 3.0, <a href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari</a> 3.1, <a href="/wiki/Firefox_3.5" title="Firefox 3.5">Firefox 3.5</a>, <a href="/wiki/Opera_(web_browser)" title="Opera (web browser)">Opera</a> 10.5, <a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_9" title="Internet Explorer 9">Internet Explorer 9</a> and later. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Thoughts_on_Flash"">"Thoughts on Flash"</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HTML5&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: "Thoughts on Flash"">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Thoughts_on_Flash" title="Thoughts on Flash">Thoughts on Flash</a></div> While some features of HTML5 are often compared to <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Flash" title="Adobe Flash">Adobe Flash</a>, the two technologies are very different. Both include features for playing audio and video within web pages, and for using <a href="/wiki/Scalable_Vector_Graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Scalable Vector Graphics">Scalable Vector Graphics</a>. However, HTML5 on its own cannot be used for animation or interactivity – it must be supplemented with <a href="/wiki/CSS3" class="mw-redirect" title="CSS3">CSS3</a> or <a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a>. There are many Flash capabilities that have no direct counterpart in HTML5 (see <a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_HTML5_and_Flash" title="Comparison of HTML5 and Flash">Comparison of HTML5 and Flash</a>). HTML5's interactive capabilities became a topic of mainstream media attention around April 2010<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> after <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Inc.</a>'s then-CEO <a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</a> issued a public letter titled "Thoughts on Flash" in which he concluded that "Flash is no longer necessary to watch video or consume any kind of web content" and that "new open standards created in the mobile era, such as HTML5, will win".<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> This sparked a debate in web development circles suggesting that, while HTML5 provides enhanced functionality, developers must consider the varying browser support of the different parts of the standard as well as other functionality differences between HTML5 and Flash.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> In early November 2011, <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Inc." title="Adobe Inc.">Adobe</a> announced that it would discontinue the development of Flash for mobile devices and reorient its efforts in developing tools using HTML5.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> On 25 July 2017, Adobe announced that both the distribution and support of Flash would cease by the end of 2020.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Adobe itself officially discontinued Flash on 31 December 2020 and all Flash content was blocked from running in Flash Player as of 12 January 2021.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Last_call,_candidacy,_and_recommendation_stages">Last call, candidacy, and recommendation stages</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HTML5&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Last call, candidacy, and recommendation stages">edit</a>]</div> On 14 February 2011, the W3C extended the charter of its HTML Working Group with clear milestones for HTML5. In May 2011, the working group advanced HTML5 to "Last Call", an invitation to communities inside and outside W3C to confirm the technical soundness of the specification. The W3C developed a comprehensive test suite to achieve broad interoperability for the full specification by 2014, which was the target date for recommendation.<a href="#cite_note-w3c2014-26">[26]</a> In January 2011, the WHATWG renamed its "HTML5" specification HTML Living Standard. The W3C nevertheless continued its project to release HTML5.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> In July 2012, WHATWG and W3C decided on a degree of separation. W3C will continue the HTML5 specification work, focusing on a single definitive standard, which is considered a "snapshot" by WHATWG. The WHATWG organization continues its work with HTML5 as a "living standard". The concept of a living standard is that it is never complete and is always being updated and improved. New features can be added but functionality will not be removed.<a href="#cite_note-splits-28">[28]</a> In December 2012, W3C designated HTML5 as a Candidate Recommendation.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> The criterion for advancement to <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium#W3C_recommendation_(REC)" title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C Recommendation</a> is "two 100% complete and fully interoperable implementations".<a href="#cite_note-W3Crec-30">[30]</a> On 16 September 2014, W3C moved HTML5 to Proposed Recommendation.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> On 28 October 2014, HTML5 was released as a W3C Recommendation,<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> bringing the specification process to completion.<a href="#cite_note-finalars-5">[5]</a> On 1 November 2016, HTML 5.1 was released as a W3C Recommendation.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> On 14 December 2017, HTML 5.2 was released as a W3C Recommendation.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Retirement">Retirement</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HTML5&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Retirement">edit</a>]</div> The W3C retired HTML5 on 27 March 2018.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> Additionally, the retirement included HTML 4.0,<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> HTML 4.01,<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> XHTML 1.0,<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> and XHTML 1.1.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> HTML 5.1, HTML 5.2 and HTML 5.3 were all retired on 28 January 2021, in favour of the HTML living standard.<a href="#cite_note-HTML52_History-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-HTML53_History-40">[40]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Timeline">Timeline</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HTML5&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Timeline">edit</a>]</div> The combined timelines for the W3C recommendations of HTML5, HTML 5.1, HTML 5.2 and HTML 5.3: <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Version</th> <th>First draft</th> <th>Candidate recommendation</th> <th>Recommendation</th> <th>Retired </th></tr> <tr> <td>HTML5</td> <td>1 May 2007<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a></td> <td>17 December 2012</td> <td>28 October 2014</td> <td>27 March 2018<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>HTML 5.1</td> <td>17 December 2012</td> <td>21 June 2016</td> <td>1 November 2016</td> <td rowspan="2">28 January 2021<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>HTML 5.1 2nd Edition</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td>20 June 2017</td> <td>3 October 2017 </td></tr> <tr> <td>HTML 5.2</td> <td>18 August 2016</td> <td>8 August 2017</td> <td>14 December 2017</td> <td>28 January 2021<a href="#cite_note-HTML52_History-3">[3]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>HTML 5.3</td> <td>14 December 2017<a href="#cite_note-5.3FWD-44">[44]</a></td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td>28 January 2021<a href="#cite_note-HTML53_History-40">[40]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="W3C_and_WHATWG_conflict">W3C and WHATWG conflict</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HTML5&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: W3C and WHATWG conflict">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/HTML#Transition_of_HTML_Publication_to_WHATWG" title="HTML">HTML § Transition of HTML Publication to WHATWG</a></div> The W3C ceded authority over the HTML and DOM standards to <a href="/wiki/WHATWG" title="WHATWG">WHATWG</a> on 28 May 2019, as it considered that having two standards is harmful.<a href="#cite_note-W3C_transfer_blog-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-W3C_transfer_HTML-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-W3C_transfer_memo-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-W3C_transfer_ZDNet-4">[4]</a> The HTML Living Standard is now authoritative. However, W3C will still participate in the development process of HTML. Before the ceding of authority, W3C and WHATWG had been characterized as both working together on the development of HTML5,<a href="#cite_note-W3C_hist-11">[11]</a> and yet also at cross purposes<a href="#cite_note-splits-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-finalars-5">[5]</a> ever since the July 2012 split. The W3C "HTML5" standard was snapshot-based (HTML5, HTML 5.1, etc.) and static, while the WHATWG "HTML living standard" is continually updated. The relationship had been described as "fragile", even a "rift",<a href="#cite_note-tale-48">[48]</a> and characterized by "squabbling".<a href="#cite_note-finalars-5">[5]</a> In at least one case, namely the permissible content of the <code class="nowrap" style=""><<a href="/wiki/HTML_elements#cite" class="mw-redirect" title="HTML elements">cite</a>></code> element, the two specifications directly contradicted each other (as of July 2018),<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=HTML5&action=edit">[update]</a> with the W3C definition allowing a broader range of uses than the WHATWG definition.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> The "Introduction" section in the WHATWG spec (edited by <a href="/wiki/Ian_Hickson" title="Ian Hickson">Ian "Hixie" Hickson</a>) is critical of W3C, e.g. "Note: Although we have asked them to stop doing so, the W3C also republishes some parts of this specification as separate documents." In its "History" subsection it portrays W3C as resistant to Hickson's and WHATWG's original HTML5 plans, then jumping on the bandwagon belatedly (though Hickson was in control of the W3C HTML5 spec, too). Regardless, it indicates a major philosophical divide between the organizations:<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">For a number of years, both groups then worked together. In 2011, however, the groups came to the conclusion that they had different goals: the W3C wanted to publish a "finished" version of "HTML5", while the WHATWG wanted to continue working on a Living Standard for HTML, continuously maintaining the specification rather than freezing it in a state with known problems, and adding new features as needed to evolve the platform.Since then, the WHATWG has been working on this specification (amongst others), and the W3C has been copying fixes made by the WHATWG into their fork of the document (which also has other changes). </blockquote> The two entities signed an agreement to work together on a single version of HTML on 28 May 2019.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Differences_between_the_two_standards">Differences between the two standards</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HTML5&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Differences between the two standards">edit</a>]</div> In addition to the contradiction in the <code class="nowrap" style=""><<a href="/wiki/HTML_elements#cite" class="mw-redirect" title="HTML elements">cite</a>></code> element mentioned above, other differences between the two standards include at least the following, as of September 2018<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=HTML5&action=edit">[update]</a>: <table class="wikitable"> <caption> Content or Features Unique to W3C or WHATWG Standard </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>W3C<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> </th> <th>WHATWG<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Site pagination </td> <td> </td> <td>Single page version<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> (allows global search of contents) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chapters </td> <td> </td> <td>§5 Microdata<a href="#cite_note-:0-56">[56]</a> §9 Communication<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> §10 Web workers<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> §11 Web storage<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Global attributes </td> <td>:<a href="#cite_note-:2-60">[60]</a> <code>class</code>, <code>id</code> </td> <td>:<a href="#cite_note-:3-61">[61]</a> <code>autocapitalize</code>, <code>enterkeyhint</code>, <code>inputmode</code>, <code>is</code>, <code>itemid</code>, <code>itemprop</code>, <code>itemref</code>, <code>itemscope</code>, <code>itemtype</code>, <code>nonce</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chapter Elements of HTML </td> <td> </td> <td>§4.13 Custom elements<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Elements </td> <td><code><rb></code>,<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> <code><rtc></code><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> (See compatibility notes below.) <code><address></code><a href="#cite_note-:1-65">[65]</a> is in section Grouping content. </td> <td><code><hgroup></code>,<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> <code><menu></code>,<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> <code><slot></code><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> (See compatibility notes below.) <code><address></code><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> is in section Sections. </td></tr> <tr> <td>§ <code><meta></code> </td> <td>§4.2.5.4. Other pragma directives,<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> based on deprecated WHATWG procedure.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>§ Sections </td> <td> </td> <td>§ 4.3.11.2 Sample outlines<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> § 4.3.11.3 Exposing outlines to users<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Structured data </td> <td>Recommends RDFa (code examples,<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> separate specs,<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> no special attributes<a href="#cite_note-:2-60">[60]</a>). </td> <td>Recommends Microdata (code examples,<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> spec chapter,<a href="#cite_note-:0-56">[56]</a> special attributes<a href="#cite_note-:3-61">[61]</a>). </td></tr></tbody></table> The following table provides data from the Mozilla Development Network on compatibility with major browsers, as of September 2018<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=HTML5&action=edit">[update]</a>, of HTML elements unique to one of the standards: <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Element </th> <th>Standard </th> <th>Compatibility </th> <th>Note </th></tr> <tr> <td><code><rb><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a></code> </td> <td>W3C </td> <td>All browsers, except Edge </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code><rtc><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a></code> </td> <td>W3C </td> <td>All browsers, except IE </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code><hgroup><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a></code> </td> <td>WHATWG </td> <td>All browsers </td> <td>"[Since] the HTML outline algorithm is not implemented in any browsers ... the <code><hgroup></code> semantics are in practice only theoretical." </td></tr> <tr> <td><code><menu><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a></code> </td> <td>WHATWG </td> <td>All browsers </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code><slot><a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a></code> </td> <td>WHATWG </td> <td>All browsers </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features_and_APIs">Features and APIs</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HTML5&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Features and APIs">edit</a>]</div> The W3C proposed a greater reliance on modularity as a key part of the plan to make faster progress, meaning identifying specific features, either proposed or already existing in the spec, and advancing them as separate specifications. Some technologies that were originally defined in HTML5 itself are now defined in separate specifications: <ul><li>HTML Working Group — HTML Canvas 2D Context;</li> <li>Immersive Web Working Group — <a href="/wiki/WebXR" title="WebXR">WebXR Device API</a>, WebXR Gamepads Module, WebXR Augmented Reality Module, and others;<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a></li> <li>Web Apps Working Group — <a href="/wiki/Web_Messaging" title="Web Messaging">Web Messaging</a>, <a href="/wiki/Web_worker" title="Web worker">Web workers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Web_storage" title="Web storage">Web storage</a>, <a href="/wiki/WebSocket" title="WebSocket">WebSocket</a>, <a href="/wiki/Server-sent_events" title="Server-sent events">Server-sent events</a>, <a href="/wiki/Web_Components" title="Web Components">Web Components</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> (this was not part of HTML5, though); the Web Applications Working Group was closed in October 2015 and its deliverables transferred to the Web Platform Working Group (WPWG).</li> <li>IETF HyBi Working Group — WebSocket Protocol;</li> <li>WebRTC Working Group — <a href="/wiki/WebRTC" title="WebRTC">WebRTC</a>;</li> <li>Web Media Text Tracks Community Group — <a href="/wiki/WebVTT" title="WebVTT">WebVTT</a>.</li></ul> Some features that were removed from the original HTML5 specification have been standardized separately as modules, such as <a href="/wiki/Microdata_(HTML)" title="Microdata (HTML)">Microdata</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canvas_element" title="Canvas element">Canvas</a>. Technical specifications introduced as HTML5 extensions such as <a href="/wiki/Polyglot_markup" class="mw-redirect" title="Polyglot markup">Polyglot markup</a> have also been standardized as modules. Some W3C specifications that were originally separate specifications have been adapted as HTML5 extensions or features, such as <a href="/wiki/Scalable_Vector_Graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Scalable Vector Graphics">SVG</a>. Some features that might have slowed down the standardization of HTML5 were or will be standardized as upcoming specifications, instead. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HTML5&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Features">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Markup">Markup</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HTML5&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Markup">edit</a>]</div> HTML5 introduces <a href="/wiki/HTML_element" title="HTML element">elements</a> and <a href="/wiki/HTML_attribute" title="HTML attribute">attributes</a> that reflect typical usage on modern websites. Some of them are semantic replacements for common uses of generic block (<code class="nowrap" style=""><div></code>) and inline (<code class="nowrap" style=""></code>) elements, for example <code class="nowrap" style=""><nav></code> (website navigation block), <code class="nowrap" style=""><footer></code> (usually referring to bottom of web page or to last lines of HTML code), or <code class="nowrap" style=""><audio></code> and <code class="nowrap" style=""><video></code> instead of <code class="nowrap" style=""><object></code>.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> Some deprecated elements from <a href="/wiki/HTML_4.01" class="mw-redirect" title="HTML 4.01">HTML 4.01</a> have been dropped, including purely presentational elements such as <code class="nowrap" style=""></code> and <code class="nowrap" style=""><center></code>, whose effects have long been superseded by the more capable <a href="/wiki/Cascading_Style_Sheets" class="mw-redirect" title="Cascading Style Sheets">Cascading Style Sheets</a>.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> There is also a renewed emphasis on the importance of client-side <a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a> used to create <a href="/wiki/Dynamic_web_page" title="Dynamic web page">dynamic web pages</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The HTML5 syntax is no longer based on <a href="/wiki/Standard_Generalized_Markup_Language" title="Standard Generalized Markup Language">SGML</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> despite the similarity of its markup. It has, however, been designed to be backward-compatible with common parsing of older versions of HTML. It comes with a new introductory line that looks like an SGML <a href="/wiki/Document_type_declaration" title="Document type declaration">document type declaration</a>, <code style="white-space:nowrap;"><!DOCTYPE html></code>, which triggers the standards-compliant <a href="/wiki/Quirks_mode" title="Quirks mode">rendering mode</a>.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> Since 5 January 2009, HTML5 also includes Web Forms 2.0, a previously separate <a href="/wiki/WHATWG" title="WHATWG">WHATWG</a> specification.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_APIs">New APIs</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HTML5&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: New APIs">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HTML5_APIs_and_related_technologies_taxonomy_and_status.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/HTML5_APIs_and_related_technologies_taxonomy_and_status.svg/420px-HTML5_APIs_and_related_technologies_taxonomy_and_status.svg.png" decoding="async" width="420" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/HTML5_APIs_and_related_technologies_taxonomy_and_status.svg/630px-HTML5_APIs_and_related_technologies_taxonomy_and_status.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/HTML5_APIs_and_related_technologies_taxonomy_and_status.svg/840px-HTML5_APIs_and_related_technologies_taxonomy_and_status.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="345" /></a><figcaption>HTML5 related APIs<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a></figcaption></figure> In addition to specifying markup, HTML5 specifies scripting <a href="/wiki/Application_programming_interfaces" class="mw-redirect" title="Application programming interfaces">application programming interfaces</a> (APIs) that can be used with <a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a>.<a href="#cite_note-html4-differences-100">[100]</a> Existing <a href="/wiki/Document_Object_Model" title="Document Object Model">Document Object Model</a> (DOM) interfaces are extended and de facto features documented. There are also new APIs, such as: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canvas_element" title="Canvas element">Canvas</a>;<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a></li> <li>Timed Media Playback;<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a></li> <li>Offline;<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a></li> <li>Editable content;<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drag_and_drop" title="Drag and drop">Drag and drop</a>;<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a></li> <li>History;<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIME_type" class="mw-redirect" title="MIME type">MIME type</a> and protocol handler registration;<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microdata_(HTML)" title="Microdata (HTML)">Microdata</a>;<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Messaging" title="Web Messaging">Web Messaging</a>;<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Storage" class="mw-redirect" title="Web Storage">Web Storage</a> – a key-value pair storage framework that provides behavior similar to <a href="/wiki/HTTP_Cookie" class="mw-redirect" title="HTTP Cookie">cookies</a> but with larger storage capacity and improved API.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a></li></ul> Not all of the above technologies are included in the W3C HTML5 specification, though they are in the WHATWG HTML specification.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> Some related technologies, which are not part of either the W3C HTML5 or the WHATWG HTML specification, are as follows. The W3C publishes specifications for these separately: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W3C_Geolocation_API" title="W3C Geolocation API">Geolocation</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IndexedDB" class="mw-redirect" title="IndexedDB">IndexedDB</a> – an indexed hierarchical key-value store (formerly WebSimpleDB);<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML5_File_API" title="HTML5 File API">File</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> – an API intended to handle file uploads and file manipulation;<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a></li> <li>Directories and System – an API intended to satisfy client-side-storage use cases not well served by databases;<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a></li> <li>File Writer – an API for writing to files from web applications;<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML_audio#Web_Audio_API_and_MediaStream_Processing_API" title="HTML audio">Web Audio</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> – a high-level JavaScript API for processing and synthesizing audio in web applications;</li> <li>ClassList.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_cryptography_API" class="mw-redirect" title="Web cryptography API">Web cryptography API</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebRTC" title="WebRTC">WebRTC</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_SQL_Database" title="Web SQL Database">Web SQL Database</a> – a local <a href="/wiki/SQL" title="SQL">SQL</a> Database (no longer maintained);<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a></li></ul> HTML5 cannot provide animation within web pages. Additional JavaScript or <a href="/wiki/CSS3" class="mw-redirect" title="CSS3">CSS3</a> is necessary for animating HTML elements. Animation is also possible using JavaScript and HTML 4<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">failed verification</a>], and within SVG elements through <a href="/wiki/Synchronized_Multimedia_Integration_Language" title="Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language">SMIL</a>, although browser support of the latter remains uneven as of 2011<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=HTML5&action=edit">[update]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="XHTML5_(XML-serialized_HTML5)">XHTML5 (XML-serialized HTML5)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HTML5&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: XHTML5 (XML-serialized HTML5)">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/XHTML#XHTML5" title="XHTML">XHTML § XHTML5</a></div> XML documents must be served with an XML <a href="/wiki/Internet_media_type" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet media type">Internet media type</a> (often called "<a href="/wiki/MIME" title="MIME">MIME</a> type") such as <code>application/xhtml+xml</code> or <code>application/xml</code>,<a href="#cite_note-html4-differences-100">[100]</a> and must conform to strict, well-formed syntax of XML. XHTML5 is simply XML-serialized HTML5 data (that is, HTML5 constrained to XHTML's strict requirements, e.g., not having any unclosed tags), sent with one of XML media types. HTML that has been written to conform to both the HTML and XHTML specifications and therefore produces the same DOM tree whether parsed as HTML or XML is known as <a href="/wiki/Polyglot_markup" class="mw-redirect" title="Polyglot markup">polyglot markup</a>.<a href="#cite_note-w3c-124">[124]</a> There is no DTD for XHTML5.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Error_handling">Error handling</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HTML5&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Error handling">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Cite_check plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section may contain <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CITE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:CITE">citations</a> that do not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:V" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:V">verify</a> the text. The reason given is: <a href="#cite_note-HTML5diffHTML4-8">[8]</a> only claims that HTML5 is Backward Compatible. Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=HTML5&action=edit">check for citation inaccuracies</a>. (January 2024) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> HTML5 is designed so that old browsers <a href="/wiki/Forward_compatibility" title="Forward compatibility">can safely ignore</a> new HTML5 constructs.<a href="#cite_note-HTML5diffHTML4-8">[8]</a> In contrast to HTML 4.01, the HTML5 specification gives detailed rules for <a href="/wiki/Lexing" class="mw-redirect" title="Lexing">lexing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Parsing" title="Parsing">parsing</a>, with the intent that compliant browsers will produce the same results when parsing incorrect syntax.<a href="#cite_note-whatfaq-126">[126]</a> Although HTML5 now defines a consistent behavior for "<a href="/wiki/Tag_soup" title="Tag soup">tag soup</a>" documents, those documents do not conform to the HTML5 standard.<a href="#cite_note-whatfaq-126">[126]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Popularity">Popularity</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HTML5&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Popularity">edit</a>]</div> According to a report released on 30 September 2011, 34 of the world's top 100 Web sites were using HTML5 – the adoption led by <a href="/wiki/Search_engine" title="Search engine">search engines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Social_network" title="Social network">social networks</a>.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> Another report released in August 2013 has shown that 153 of the <a href="/wiki/Fortune_500" title="Fortune 500">Fortune 500</a> U.S. companies implemented HTML5 on their corporate websites.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> Since 2014, HTML5 is at least partially supported by most popular layout engines. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Differences_from_HTML_4.01_and_XHTML_1.x">Differences from HTML 4.01 and XHTML 1.x</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HTML5&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Differences from HTML 4.01 and XHTML 1.x">edit</a>]</div> The following is a cursory list of differences and some specific examples. <ul><li>New parsing rules: oriented towards flexible parsing and compatibility; not based on SGML</li> <li>Ability to use inline SVG and MathML in <code>text/html</code></li> <li>New elements: <code>article</code>, <code>aside</code>, <code>audio</code>, <code>bdi</code>, <code>canvas</code>, <code>command</code>, <code>data</code>, <code>datalist</code>, <code>details</code>, <code>embed</code>, <code>figcaption</code>, <code>figure</code>, <code>footer</code>, <code>header</code>, <code>keygen</code>, <code>mark</code>, <code>meter</code>, <code>nav</code>, <code>output</code>, <code>progress</code>, <code>rp</code>, <code>rt</code>, <code><a href="/wiki/Ruby_character#HTML" title="Ruby character">ruby</a></code>, <code>section</code>, <code>source</code>, <code>summary</code>, <code>time</code>, <code>track</code>, <code>video</code>, <code>wbr</code></li> <li>New types of form controls: <code>dates and times</code>, <code>email</code>, <code>url</code>, <code>search</code>, <code>number</code>, <code>range</code>, <code>tel</code>, <code>color</code><a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a></li> <li>New attributes: <code>charset</code> (on <code>meta</code>), <code>async</code> (on <code>script</code>)</li> <li>Global attributes (that can be applied for every element): <code>id</code>, <code>tabindex</code>, <code>hidden</code>, <code>data-*</code> (custom data attributes)</li> <li>Deprecated elements will be dropped altogether: <code>acronym</code>, <code>applet</code>, <code>basefont</code>, <code>big</code>, <code>center</code>, <code>dir</code>, <code>font</code>, <code>frame</code>, <a href="/wiki/Framing_(World_Wide_Web)" class="mw-redirect" title="Framing (World Wide Web)"><code>frameset</code></a>, <code>isindex</code>, <code>noframes</code>, <code>strike</code>, <code>tt</code></li></ul> W3C Working Group publishes "HTML5 differences from HTML 4",<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> which provides a complete outline of additions, removals and changes between HTML5 and HTML4. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Logo">Logo</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HTML5&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Logo">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HTML5_logo_and_wordmark.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/HTML5_logo_and_wordmark.svg/120px-HTML5_logo_and_wordmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/HTML5_logo_and_wordmark.svg/180px-HTML5_logo_and_wordmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/HTML5_logo_and_wordmark.svg/240px-HTML5_logo_and_wordmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>The W3C HTML5 logo</figcaption></figure> On 18 January 2011, the W3C introduced a logo to represent the use of or interest in HTML5. Unlike other badges previously issued by the W3C, it does not imply validity or conformance to a certain standard. As of 1 April 2011, this logo is official.<a href="#cite_note-logo-faq-131">[131]</a> When initially presenting it to the public, the W3C announced the HTML5 logo as a "general-purpose visual identity for a broad set of open web technologies, including HTML5, <a href="/wiki/Cascading_Style_Sheets" class="mw-redirect" title="Cascading Style Sheets">CSS</a>, SVG, <a href="/wiki/Web_Open_Font_Format" title="Web Open Font Format">WOFF</a>, and others".<a href="#cite_note-waspopenletter-132">[132]</a> Some web standard advocates, including <a href="/wiki/The_Web_Standards_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="The Web Standards Project">The Web Standards Project</a>, criticized that definition of "HTML5" as an umbrella term, pointing out the blurring of terminology and the potential for miscommunication.<a href="#cite_note-waspopenletter-132">[132]</a> Three days later, the W3C responded to community feedback and changed the logo's definition, dropping the enumeration of related technologies.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> The W3C then said the logo "represents HTML5, the cornerstone for modern Web applications".<a href="#cite_note-logo-faq-131">[131]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Digital_rights_management">Digital rights management</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HTML5&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Digital rights management">edit</a>]</div> Industry players including the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>, Google, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Inc.</a> have been lobbying for the inclusion of <a href="/wiki/Encrypted_Media_Extensions" title="Encrypted Media Extensions">Encrypted Media Extensions</a> (EME),<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> a form of <a href="/wiki/Digital_rights_management" title="Digital rights management">digital rights management</a> (DRM), into the HTML5 standard. As of the end of 2012 and the beginning of 2013, 27 organizations<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> including the <a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation" title="Free Software Foundation">Free Software Foundation</a><a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> have started a campaign against including digital rights management in the HTML5 standard.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> However, in late September 2013, the W3C <a href="/wiki/HTML_Working_Group" title="HTML Working Group">HTML Working Group</a> decided that Encrypted Media Extensions, a form of DRM, was "in scope" and will potentially be included in the HTML 5.1 standard.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-lowering-your-standards-144">[144]</a> <a href="/wiki/WHATWG" title="WHATWG">WHATWG</a>'s "HTML Living Standard" continued to be developed without DRM-enabled proposals.<a href="#cite_note-lowering-your-standards-144">[144]</a> Manu Sporny, a member of the <a href="/wiki/W3C" class="mw-redirect" title="W3C">W3C</a>, said that EME would not solve the problem it was supposed to address.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> Opponents point out that EME itself is just an architecture for a DRM plug-in mechanism.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> The initial enablers for DRM in HTML5 were Google<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> and Microsoft.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> Supporters also include Adobe.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> On 14 May 2014, <a href="/wiki/Mozilla_Foundation" title="Mozilla Foundation">Mozilla</a> announced plans to support EME in <a href="/wiki/Firefox" title="Firefox">Firefox</a>, the last major browser to avoid DRM.<a href="#cite_note-gal-150">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-baker-151">[151]</a> Calling it "a difficult and uncomfortable step", Andreas Gal of Mozilla explained that future versions of Firefox would remain open source but ship with a sandbox designed to run a content decryption module developed by Adobe,<a href="#cite_note-gal-150">[150]</a> later it was replaced with <a href="/wiki/Widevine" title="Widevine">Widevine</a> module from <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> which is much more widely adopted by content providers. While promising to "work on alternative solutions", Mozilla's Executive Chair <a href="/wiki/Mitchell_Baker" title="Mitchell Baker">Mitchell Baker</a> stated that a refusal to implement EME would have accomplished little more than convincing many users to switch browsers.<a href="#cite_note-baker-151">[151]</a> This decision was condemned by <a href="/wiki/Cory_Doctorow" title="Cory Doctorow">Cory Doctorow</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation" title="Free Software Foundation">Free Software Foundation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> As of December 2023, the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</a> has changed their opinion on <a href="/wiki/Encrypted_Media_Extensions" title="Encrypted Media Extensions">EME</a>, stating: "Encrypted Media Extensions (EME) brings greater interoperability, better privacy, security, accessibility and user experience in viewing movies and TV on the Web".<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HTML5&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/28px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/42px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/56px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="407" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Internet" title="Portal:Internet">Internet portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cache_manifest_in_HTML5" title="Cache manifest in HTML5">Cache manifest in HTML5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canvas_element" title="Canvas element">Canvas element</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Hyatt" title="Dave Hyatt">Dave Hyatt</a>, Apple's editor of HTML5 specs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Hickson" title="Ian Hickson">Ian Hickson</a>, Google's main editor of HTML5 specs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyglot_markup" class="mw-redirect" title="Polyglot markup">Polyglot markup</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HTML5&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/#documentation/Miscellaneous/Reference/UTIRef/Articles/System-DeclaredUniformTypeIdentifiers.html">"Mac Developer Library: System-Declared Uniform Type Identifiers"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a>. 17 November 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mac+Developer+Library%3A+System-Declared+Uniform+Type+Identifiers&rft.pub=Apple&rft.date=2009-11-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.apple.com%2Flibrary%2Fmac%2F%23documentation%2FMiscellaneous%2FReference%2FUTIRef%2FArticles%2FSystem-DeclaredUniformTypeIdentifiers.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHTML5" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HTML5v1-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HTML5v1_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HTML5v1_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HTML5v1_2-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web 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W3C. 28 May 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190529012655/https://www.w3.org/html/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 May 2019. Retrieved 29 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=W3C&rft.atitle=W3C+and+the+WHATWG+Signed+an+Agreement+to+Collaborate+on+a+Single+Version+of+HTML+and+DOM&rft.date=2019-05-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2Fhtml%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHTML5" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-W3C_transfer_memo-47"><a href="#cite_ref-W3C_transfer_memo_47-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/2019/04/WHATWG-W3C-MOU.html">"Memorandum of Understanding Between W3C and WHATWG"</a>. W3C. 28 May 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190529012854/https://www.w3.org/2019/04/WHATWG-W3C-MOU.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 May 2019. Retrieved 29 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=W3C&rft.atitle=Memorandum+of+Understanding+Between+W3C+and+WHATWG&rft.date=2019-05-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2019%2F04%2FWHATWG-W3C-MOU.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHTML5" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-tale-48"><a href="#cite_ref-tale_48-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoffmann2017" class="citation web cs1">Hoffmann, Jay (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehistoryoftheweb.com/when-standards-divide/">"A Tale of Two Standards"</a>. The History of the Web. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170901211055/https://thehistoryoftheweb.com/when-standards-divide/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 September 2017. Retrieved 26 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+History+of+the+Web&rft.atitle=A+Tale+of+Two+Standards&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Hoffmann&rft.aufirst=Jay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehistoryoftheweb.com%2Fwhen-standards-divide%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHTML5" class="Z3988"> (Original title: "When Standards Divide".) </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/html52/textlevel-semantics.html#the-cite-element">"HTML 5.2 W3C Recommendation"</a>. W3.org. <a href="/wiki/W3C" class="mw-redirect" title="W3C">W3C</a>. 14 December 2017. § 4.5.6. The cite element. Retrieved 26 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=W3.org&rft.atitle=HTML+5.2+W3C+Recommendation&rft.pages=%C2%A7+4.5.6.+The+cite+element&rft.date=2017-12-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2Fhtml52%2Ftextlevel-semantics.html%23the-cite-element&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHTML5" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/text-level-semantics.html#the-cite-element">"HTML Living Standard"</a>. HTML.spec.WHATWG.org. <a href="/wiki/WHATWG" title="WHATWG">WHATWG</a>. 25 July 2018. § 4.5.6 The cite element. Retrieved 26 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HTML.spec.WHATWG.org&rft.atitle=HTML+Living+Standard&rft.pages=%C2%A7+4.5.6+The+cite+element&rft.date=2018-07-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhtml.spec.whatwg.org%2Fmultipage%2Ftext-level-semantics.html%23the-cite-element&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHTML5" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/introduction.html">"HTML Living Standard"</a>. HTML.spec.WHATWG.org. <a href="/wiki/WHATWG" title="WHATWG">WHATWG</a>. 25 July 2018. § 1 Introduction; §1.6 History. Retrieved 26 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HTML.spec.WHATWG.org&rft.atitle=HTML+Living+Standard&rft.pages=%C2%A7+1+Introduction%3B+%C2%A71.6+History&rft.date=2018-07-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhtml.spec.whatwg.org%2Fmultipage%2Fintroduction.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHTML5" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/blog/news/archives/7753">"W3C and the WHATWG Signed an Agreement to Collaborate on a Single Version of HTML and DOM"</a>. <a href="/wiki/W3C" class="mw-redirect" title="W3C">W3C</a>. 28 May 2019. Retrieved 29 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=W3C+and+the+WHATWG+Signed+an+Agreement+to+Collaborate+on+a+Single+Version+of+HTML+and+DOM&rft.pub=W3C&rft.date=2019-05-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2Fblog%2Fnews%2Farchives%2F7753&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHTML5" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/html/">"HTML 5.2"</a>. w3.org. Retrieved 18 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=w3.org&rft.atitle=HTML+5.2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2Fhtml%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHTML5" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/">"HTML Standard"</a>. html.spec.whatwg.org. 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Retrieved 18 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=html.spec.whatwg.org&rft.atitle=HTML+Standard%2C+One-Page+Version&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhtml.spec.whatwg.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHTML5" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-56">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_56-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_56-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#microdata">"HTML Standard, Chapter 5: Microdata"</a>. html.spec.whatwg.org. Retrieved 19 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=html.spec.whatwg.org&rft.atitle=HTML+Standard%2C+Chapter+5%3A+Microdata&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhtml.spec.whatwg.org%2F%23microdata&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHTML5" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#comms">"HTML Standard, Chapter 9: Communication"</a>. html.spec.whatwg.org. Retrieved 19 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=html.spec.whatwg.org&rft.atitle=HTML+Standard%2C+Chapter+9%3A+Communication&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhtml.spec.whatwg.org%2F%23comms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHTML5" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#workers">"HTML Standard, Chapter 10: Web workers"</a>. html.spec.whatwg.org. Retrieved 19 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=html.spec.whatwg.org&rft.atitle=HTML+Standard%2C+Chapter+10%3A+Web+workers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhtml.spec.whatwg.org%2F%23workers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHTML5" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#webstorage">"HTML Standard, Chapter 11: Web storage"</a>. html.spec.whatwg.org. Retrieved 19 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=html.spec.whatwg.org&rft.atitle=HTML+Standard%2C+Chapter+11%3A+Web+storage&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhtml.spec.whatwg.org%2F%23webstorage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHTML5" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-60">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_60-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_60-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/html/dom.html#global-attributes">"HTML 5.2, § 3.2.5. Global attributes"</a>. w3.org. 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Retrieved 18 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=html.spec.whatwg.org&rft.atitle=HTML+Standard%2C+%C2%A7+3.2.6+Global+attributes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhtml.spec.whatwg.org%2F%23global-attributes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHTML5" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#custom-elements">"HTML Standard, § 4.13 Custom elements"</a>. html.spec.whatwg.org. Retrieved 18 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=html.spec.whatwg.org&rft.atitle=HTML+Standard%2C+%C2%A7+4.13+Custom+elements&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhtml.spec.whatwg.org%2F%23custom-elements&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHTML5" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/html/textlevel-semantics.html#the-rb-element">"HTML 5.2: § 4.5.11. The rb element"</a>. w3.org. Retrieved 19 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=w3.org&rft.atitle=HTML+5.2%3A+%C2%A7+4.5.11.+The+rb+element&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2Fhtml%2Ftextlevel-semantics.html%23the-rb-element&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHTML5" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/html/textlevel-semantics.html#the-rtc-element">"HTML 5.2: § 4.5.13. The rtc element"</a>. w3.org. Retrieved 19 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=w3.org&rft.atitle=HTML+5.2%3A+%C2%A7+4.5.13.+The+rtc+element&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2Fhtml%2Ftextlevel-semantics.html%23the-rtc-element&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHTML5" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-65">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_65-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_65-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/html/grouping-content.html#the-address-element">"HTML 5.2: § 4.4.2. The address element"</a>. w3.org. Retrieved 19 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=w3.org&rft.atitle=HTML+5.2%3A+%C2%A7+4.4.2.+The+address+element&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2Fhtml%2Fgrouping-content.html%23the-address-element&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHTML5" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#the-hgroup-element">"HTML Standard, § 4.3.7 The hgroup element"</a>. html.spec.whatwg.org. Retrieved 19 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=html.spec.whatwg.org&rft.atitle=HTML+Standard%2C+%C2%A7+4.3.7+The+hgroup+element&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhtml.spec.whatwg.org%2F%23the-hgroup-element&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHTML5" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#the-menu-element">"HTML Standard, § 4.4.7 The menu element"</a>. html.spec.whatwg.org. Retrieved 19 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=html.spec.whatwg.org&rft.atitle=HTML+Standard%2C+%C2%A7+4.4.7+The+menu+element&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhtml.spec.whatwg.org%2F%23the-menu-element&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHTML5" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#the-slot-element">"HTML Standard, § 4.12.4 The slot element"</a>. html.spec.whatwg.org. Retrieved 19 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=html.spec.whatwg.org&rft.atitle=HTML+Standard%2C+%C2%A7+4.12.4+The+slot+element&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhtml.spec.whatwg.org%2F%23the-slot-element&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHTML5" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#the-address-element">"HTML Standard, § 4.3.10 The address element"</a>. html.spec.whatwg.org. Retrieved 19 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=html.spec.whatwg.org&rft.atitle=HTML+Standard%2C+%C2%A7+4.3.10+The+address+element&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhtml.spec.whatwg.org%2F%23the-address-element&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHTML5" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/html/document-metadata.html#other-pragma-directives">"HTML 5.2: § 4.2.5.4. Other pragma directives"</a>. w3.org. Retrieved 19 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=w3.org&rft.atitle=HTML+5.2%3A+%C2%A7+4.2.5.4.+Other+pragma+directives&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2Fhtml%2Fdocument-metadata.html%23other-pragma-directives&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHTML5" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.whatwg.org/wiki/PragmaExtensions">"PragmaExtensions – WHATWG Wiki"</a>. wiki.whatwg.org. Retrieved 19 September 2018. <q>This document is obsolete.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wiki.whatwg.org&rft.atitle=PragmaExtensions+%E2%80%93+WHATWG+Wiki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.whatwg.org%2Fwiki%2FPragmaExtensions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHTML5" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#sample-outlines">"HTML Standard, § 4.3.11.2 Sample outlines"</a>. html.spec.whatwg.org. Retrieved 19 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=html.spec.whatwg.org&rft.atitle=HTML+Standard%2C+%C2%A7+4.3.11.2+Sample+outlines&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhtml.spec.whatwg.org%2F%23sample-outlines&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHTML5" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#exposing-outlines-to-users">"HTML Standard, § 4.3.11.3 Exposing outlines to users"</a>. html.spec.whatwg.org. Retrieved 19 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=html.spec.whatwg.org&rft.atitle=HTML+Standard%2C+%C2%A7+4.3.11.3+Exposing+outlines+to+users&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhtml.spec.whatwg.org%2F%23exposing-outlines-to-users&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHTML5" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/html/sections.html#the-article-element">"HTML 5.2: § 4.3.2. The article element"</a>. w3.org. Retrieved 18 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=w3.org&rft.atitle=HTML+5.2%3A+%C2%A7+4.3.2.+The+article+element&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2Fhtml%2Fsections.html%23the-article-element&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHTML5" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/html/textlevel-semantics.html#the-time-element">"HTML 5.2: § 4.5.16. The time element"</a>. w3.org. Retrieved 18 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=w3.org&rft.atitle=HTML+5.2%3A+%C2%A7+4.5.16.+The+time+element&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2Fhtml%2Ftextlevel-semantics.html%23the-time-element&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHTML5" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/html-rdfa/">"HTML+RDFa 1.1 – Second Edition"</a>. w3.org. Retrieved 18 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=w3.org&rft.atitle=HTML%2BRDFa+1.1+%E2%80%93+Second+Edition&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2Fhtml-rdfa%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHTML5" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/rdfa-lite/">"RDFa Lite 1.1 – Second Edition"</a>. w3.org. Retrieved 18 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=w3.org&rft.atitle=RDFa+Lite+1.1+%E2%80%93+Second+Edition&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2Frdfa-lite%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHTML5" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#the-article-element">"HTML Standard, § 4.3.2 The article element"</a>. html.spec.whatwg.org. Retrieved 18 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=html.spec.whatwg.org&rft.atitle=HTML+Standard%2C+%C2%A7+4.3.2+The+article+element&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhtml.spec.whatwg.org%2F%23the-article-element&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHTML5" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#the-nav-element">"HTML Standard, § 4.3.4 The nav element"</a>. html.spec.whatwg.org. Retrieved 18 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=html.spec.whatwg.org&rft.atitle=HTML+Standard%2C+%C2%A7+4.3.4+The+nav+element&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhtml.spec.whatwg.org%2F%23the-nav-element&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHTML5" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#the-dl-element">"HTML Standard, § 4.4.9 The dl element"</a>. html.spec.whatwg.org. Retrieved 18 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=html.spec.whatwg.org&rft.atitle=HTML+Standard%2C+%C2%A7+4.4.9+The+dl+element&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhtml.spec.whatwg.org%2F%23the-dl-element&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHTML5" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#the-time-element">"HTML Standard, § 4.5.14 The time element"</a>. html.spec.whatwg.org. 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Retrieved 25 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Immersive+Web+Working+Group%2FCommunity+Group&rft.pub=W3C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fimmersive-web.github.io%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHTML5" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/2008/webapps/wiki/PubStatus">"PubStatus – WEBAPPS"</a>. W3.org. <a href="/wiki/W3C" class="mw-redirect" title="W3C">W3C</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=W3.org&rft.atitle=PubStatus+%E2%80%93+WEBAPPS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2008%2Fwebapps%2Fwiki%2FPubStatus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHTML5" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> Introduction to HTML 5 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dev.opera.com/articles/view/introduction-html5-video/">video</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110124043555/http://dev.opera.com/articles/view/introduction-html5-video/">Archived</a> 24 January 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> IBM Developer Works <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/library/x-html5/?ca=dgr-lnxw01NewHTML">New elements in HTML5: Structure and semantics</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110105154130/http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/library/x-html5/?ca=dgr-lnxw01NewHTML">Archived</a> 5 January 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> ICAMD.org <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B003H05Q18">Finalcut Silverlight Films that Videographers share Quicktime in a Flash: Video on the Web using HTML5 and other Codecs</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221126002554/https://www.amazon.com/dp/B003H05Q18">Archived</a> 26 November 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/html5/obsolete.html">"11 Obsolete features – HTML5"</a>. 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Retrieved 21 March 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Webmonkey&rft.atitle=DRM+for+the+Web%3F+Say+It+Ain%27t+So&rft.date=2013-02-12&rft.aulast=Gilbertson&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webmonkey.com%2F2013%2F02%2Fdrm-for-the-web-say-it-aint-so%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHTML5" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://googlechromereleases.blogspot.be/2013/02/stable-channel-update-for-chrome-os_21.html">"Release notes for Google Chrome 25.0.1364.87"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Release+notes+for+Google+Chrome+25.0.1364.87&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgooglechromereleases.blogspot.be%2F2013%2F02%2Fstable-channel-update-for-chrome-os_21.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHTML5" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://techblog.netflix.com/2013/06/html5-video-in-ie-11-on-windows-81.html">"HTML5 Video in IE 11 on Windows 8.1"</a>. 18 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HTML5+Video+in+IE+11+on+Windows+8.1&rft.date=2017-04-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftechblog.netflix.com%2F2013%2F06%2Fhtml5-video-in-ie-11-on-windows-81.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHTML5" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.adobe.com/standards/2013/06/19/adobe-support-for-encrypted-media-extensions/">Adobe Support for Encrypted Media Extensions</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161109050937/https://blogs.adobe.com/standards/2013/06/19/adobe-support-for-encrypted-media-extensions/">Archived</a> 9 November 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Adobe.com. 19 June 2013. </li> <li id="cite_note-gal-150">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gal_150-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gal_150-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGal2014" class="citation web cs1">Gal, Andreas (14 May 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hacks.mozilla.org/2014/05/reconciling-mozillas-mission-and-w3c-eme/">"Reconciling Mozilla's Mission and W3C EME"</a>. Mozilla. Retrieved 20 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reconciling+Mozilla%27s+Mission+and+W3C+EME&rft.pub=Mozilla&rft.date=2014-05-14&rft.aulast=Gal&rft.aufirst=Andreas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhacks.mozilla.org%2F2014%2F05%2Freconciling-mozillas-mission-and-w3c-eme%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHTML5" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-baker-151">^ <a href="#cite_ref-baker_151-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-baker_151-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaker2014" class="citation web cs1">Baker, Mitchell (14 May 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.mozilla.org/blog/2014/05/14/drm-and-the-challenge-of-serving-users/">"DRM and the Challenge of Serving Users"</a>. Mozilla. Retrieved 20 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DRM+and+the+Challenge+of+Serving+Users&rft.pub=Mozilla&rft.date=2014-05-14&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Mitchell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.mozilla.org%2Fblog%2F2014%2F05%2F14%2Fdrm-and-the-challenge-of-serving-users%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHTML5" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoctorow2014" class="citation web cs1">Doctorow, Cory (14 May 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/may/14/firefox-closed-source-drm-video-browser-cory-doctorow">"Firefox's adoption of closed-source DRM breaks my heart"</a>. The Guardian. Retrieved 20 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Firefox%27s+adoption+of+closed-source+DRM+breaks+my+heart&rft.date=2014-05-14&rft.aulast=Doctorow&rft.aufirst=Cory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftechnology%2F2014%2Fmay%2F14%2Ffirefox-closed-source-drm-video-browser-cory-doctorow&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHTML5" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fsf.org/news/fsf-condemns-partnership-between-mozilla-and-adobe-to-support-digital-restrictions-management">"FSF condemns partnership between Mozilla and Adobe to support Digital Rights Management"</a>. Free Software Foundation. 14 May 2014. Retrieved 20 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FSF+condemns+partnership+between+Mozilla+and+Adobe+to+support+Digital+Rights+Management&rft.pub=Free+Software+Foundation&rft.date=2014-05-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffsf.org%2Fnews%2Ffsf-condemns-partnership-between-mozilla-and-adobe-to-support-digital-restrictions-management&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHTML5" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/press-releases/2017/eme-recommendation/">"W3C Publishes Encrypted Media Extensions (EME) as a W3C Recommendation"</a>. W3C. 18 September 2017. Retrieved 9 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=W3C&rft.atitle=W3C+Publishes+Encrypted+Media+Extensions+%28EME%29+as+a+W3C+Recommendation&rft.date=2017-09-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2Fpress-releases%2F2017%2Feme-recommendation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHTML5" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=HTML5&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> HTML5 at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/HTML5" class="extiw" title="wikt:HTML5">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:HTML5" class="extiw" title="c:Category:HTML5">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/HTML_5_Programming_and_Web_development" class="extiw" title="b:HTML 5 Programming and Web development">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/HTML" class="extiw" title="v:HTML">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2053" class="extiw" title="d:Q2053">Data</a> from Wikidata</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg/27px-MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg/41px-MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg/54px-MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/HTML5" class="extiw" title="mw:HTML5">Documentation</a> from MediaWiki</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/">HTML Living standard from WHATWG</a>, GitHub <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/whatwg/html">repo</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://validator.w3.org">The W3C Markup Validation Service</a>, including Nu Html Checker</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/2017/REC-html52-20171214/">HTML 5.2</a>, the last HTML recommendation from W3C, superseded</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/2021/06/WHATWG-W3C-MOU_2021_update.html">Memorandum of Understanding Between W3C and WHATWG</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/html/wg/">HTML Media Extensions Working Group</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/buglist.cgi?product=HTML.next">HTML.next</a>, Feature requests for future versions of HTML</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output 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tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Web_browsers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Web_browsers" title="Template:Web browsers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Web_browsers" title="Template talk:Web browsers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Web_browsers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Web browsers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Web_browsers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">Web browsers</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="*_Features_*_standards_*_protocols" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"> <ul><li>Features</li> <li>standards</li> <li>protocols</li></ul> </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bookmark_(digital)" title="Bookmark (digital)">Bookmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Browser_extension" title="Browser extension">Extensions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_browsing" title="Private browsing">Privacy mode</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Web_standards" title="Web standards">Web standards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">v5</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSS" title="CSS">CSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Document_Object_Model" title="Document Object Model">DOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WebAssembly" title="WebAssembly">WebAssembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_storage" title="Web storage">Web storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indexed_Database_API" title="Indexed Database API">IndexedDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebGL" title="WebGL">WebGL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebGPU" title="WebGPU">WebGPU</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Protocols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HTTP" title="HTTP">HTTP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HTTPS" title="HTTPS">Encryption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTTP_cookie" title="HTTP cookie">Cookies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Third-party_cookies" title="Third-party cookies">third-party</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_Certificate_Status_Protocol" title="Online Certificate Status Protocol">OCSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebRTC" title="WebRTC">WebRTC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebSocket" title="WebSocket">WebSocket</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Active" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Active</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Blink_(browser_engine)" title="Blink (browser engine)">Blink</a>-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome">Google Chrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arc_(web_browser)" title="Arc (web browser)">Arc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avast_Secure_Browser" title="Avast Secure Browser">Avast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%E1%BB%91c_C%E1%BB%91c" title="Cốc Cốc">Coc Coc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comodo_Dragon" title="Comodo Dragon">Comodo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic_(web_browser)" title="Epic (web browser)">Epic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxthon" title="Maxthon">Maxthon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Edge" title="Microsoft Edge">Microsoft Edge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_(web_browser)" title="Opera (web browser)">Opera</a> (<a href="/wiki/Opera_Mobile" title="Opera Mobile">Mobile</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puffin_Browser" title="Puffin Browser">Puffin </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QQ_Browser" title="QQ Browser">QQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samsung_Internet" title="Samsung Internet">Samsung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Silk" title="Amazon Silk">Silk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleipnir_(web_browser)" title="Sleipnir (web browser)">Sleipnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SRWare_Iron" title="SRWare Iron">SRWare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UC_Browser" title="UC Browser">UC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivaldi_(web_browser)" title="Vivaldi (web browser)">Vivaldi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naver_Whale" title="Naver Whale">Whale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yandex_Browser" title="Yandex Browser">Yandex</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Free_and_Open_Source" class="mw-redirect" title="Free and Open Source">FOSS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chromium_(web_browser)" title="Chromium (web browser)">Chromium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brave_(web_browser)" title="Brave (web browser)">Brave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dooble" title="Dooble">Dooble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falkon" title="Falkon">Falkon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otter_Browser" title="Otter Browser">Otter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermium" title="Supermium">Supermium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ungoogled-chromium" title="Ungoogled-chromium">ungoogled</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gecko_(software)" title="Gecko (software)">Gecko</a>-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Firefox" title="Firefox">Firefox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floorp" title="Floorp">Floorp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_IceCat" title="GNU IceCat">GNU IceCat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LibreWolf" title="LibreWolf">LibreWolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midori_(web_browser)" title="Midori (web browser)">Midori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SlimBrowser" title="SlimBrowser">SlimBrowser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tor_Browser" class="mw-redirect" title="Tor Browser">Tor Browser</a></li> <li>Gecko <a href="/wiki/Fork_(software_development)" title="Fork (software development)">forks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basilisk_(web_browser)" title="Basilisk (web browser)">Basilisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-Meleon" title="K-Meleon">K-Meleon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pale_Moon" title="Pale Moon">Pale Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SeaMonkey" title="SeaMonkey">SeaMonkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterfox" title="Waterfox">Waterfox</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/WebKit" title="WebKit">WebKit</a>-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNOME_Web" title="GNOME Web">GNOME Web</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICab" title="ICab">iCab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kagi_(search_engine)#Orion_Browser" title="Kagi (search engine)">Orion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Multi-<a href="/wiki/Browser_engine" title="Browser engine">engine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/360_Secure_Browser" title="360 Secure Browser">360</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DuckDuckGo_Private_Browser" title="DuckDuckGo Private Browser">DuckDuckGo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konqueror" title="Konqueror">Konqueror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunascape" title="Lunascape">Lunascape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetFront" title="NetFront">NetFront</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qutebrowser" title="Qutebrowser">qutebrowser</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eww_(web_browser)" title="Eww (web browser)">eww</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flow_(web_browser)" title="Flow (web browser)">Flow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladybird_(web_browser)" title="Ladybird (web browser)">Ladybird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Links_(web_browser)" title="Links (web browser)">Links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynx_(web_browser)" title="Lynx (web browser)">Lynx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetSurf" title="NetSurf">NetSurf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_Mini" title="Opera Mini">Opera Mini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W3m" title="W3m">w3m</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Discontinued" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Discontinued</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Blink_(browser_engine)" title="Blink (browser engine)">Blink</a>-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beaker_(web_browser)" title="Beaker (web browser)">Beaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrio" title="Citrio">Citrio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flock_(web_browser)" title="Flock (web browser)">Flock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redcore" title="Redcore">Redcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockmelt" title="Rockmelt">Rockmelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SalamWeb" title="SalamWeb">SalamWeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_(search_engine)#Browser" title="Sputnik (search engine)">Sputnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torch_(web_browser)" title="Torch (web browser)">Torch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gecko_(software)" title="Gecko (software)">Gecko</a>-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beonex_Communicator" title="Beonex Communicator">Beonex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camino_(web_browser)" title="Camino (web browser)">Camino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classilla" title="Classilla">Classilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conkeror" title="Conkeror">Conkeror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefox_Lite" title="Firefox Lite">Firefox Lite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galeon" title="Galeon">Galeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghostzilla" title="Ghostzilla">Ghostzilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comodo_IceDragon" title="Comodo IceDragon">IceDragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazehakase" title="Kazehakase">Kazehakase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kylo_(web_browser)" title="Kylo (web browser)">Kylo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Lotus_Symphony" title="IBM Lotus Symphony">Lotus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MicroB" title="MicroB">MicroB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimo" title="Minimo">Minimo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozilla_Application_Suite" title="Mozilla Application Suite">Mozilla suite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PirateBrowser" title="PirateBrowser">PirateBrowser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AT%26T_Pogo" title="AT&T Pogo">Pogo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirix_Strata" title="Kirix Strata">Strata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiftfox" title="Swiftfox">Swiftfox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiftweasel" title="Swiftweasel">Swiftweasel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TenFourFox" class="mw-redirect" title="TenFourFox">TenFourFox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timberwolf_(web_browser)" title="Timberwolf (web browser)">Timberwolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XB_Browser" title="XB Browser">xB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trident_(software)" title="Trident (software)">MSHTML</a>-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer">Internet Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AOL_Explorer" title="AOL Explorer">AOL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deepnet_Explorer" title="Deepnet Explorer">Deepnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GreenBrowser" title="GreenBrowser">GreenBrowser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MediaBrowser" title="MediaBrowser">MediaBrowser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NeoPlanet" title="NeoPlanet">NeoPlanet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetCaptor" title="NetCaptor">NetCaptor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceTime_(software)#SpaceTime_Browser" title="SpaceTime (software)">SpaceTime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZAC_Browser" title="ZAC Browser">ZAC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/WebKit" title="WebKit">WebKit</a>-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arora_(web_browser)" title="Arora (web browser)">Arora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolt_(web_browser)" title="Bolt (web browser)">BOLT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolphin_Browser" title="Dolphin Browser">Dolphin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluid_(web_browser)" title="Fluid (web browser)">Fluid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_TV_(smart_TV_platform)" class="mw-redirect" title="Google TV (smart TV platform)">Google TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iris_Browser" title="Iris Browser">Iris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_Browser" title="Mercury Browser">Mercury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nokia_Browser_for_Symbian" title="Nokia Browser for Symbian">Nokia Symbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OmniWeb" title="OmniWeb">OmniWeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_Coast" title="Opera Coast">Opera Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origyn_Web_Browser" title="Origyn Web Browser">Origyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QtWeb" title="QtWeb">QtWeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiira" title="Shiira">Shiira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steel_(web_browser)" title="Steel (web browser)">Steel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surf_(web_browser)" title="Surf (web browser)">surf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbl" title="Uzbl">Uzbl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebPositive" class="mw-redirect" title="WebPositive">WebPositive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xombrero" title="Xombrero">xombrero</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abaco_(web_browser)" title="Abaco (web browser)">abaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaya_(web_editor)" title="Amaya (web editor)">Amaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arachne_(web_browser)" title="Arachne (web browser)">Arachne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arena_(web_browser)" title="Arena (web browser)">Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blazer_(web_browser)" title="Blazer (web browser)">Blazer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cake_Browser" title="Cake Browser">Cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charon_(web_browser)" title="Charon (web browser)">Charon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CM_Browser" title="CM Browser">CM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Live_Labs_Deepfish" title="Microsoft Live Labs Deepfish">Deepfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dillo" title="Dillo">Dillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Edge_Legacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Edge Legacy">Edge Legacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ELinks" title="ELinks">ELinks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazelle_(web_browser)" title="Gazelle (web browser)">Gazelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HotJava" title="HotJava">HotJava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Home_Page_Reader" title="IBM Home Page Reader">IBM Home Page Reader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_WebExplorer" title="IBM WebExplorer">IBM WebExplorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBrowse" title="IBrowse">IBrowse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_for_Mac" title="Internet Explorer for Mac">Internet Explorer for Mac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KidZui" title="KidZui">KidZui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_Mode_Browser" title="Line Mode Browser">Line Mode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosaic_(web_browser)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mosaic (web browser)">Mosaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSN_TV" title="MSN TV">MSN TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetPositive" class="mw-redirect" title="NetPositive">NetPositive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netscape_(web_browser)" title="Netscape (web browser)">Netscape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skweezer" title="Skweezer">Skweezer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skyfire_(company)" title="Skyfire (company)">Skyfire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ThunderHawk" title="ThunderHawk">ThunderHawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vision_Mobile_Browser" title="Vision Mobile Browser">Vision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WinWAP" title="WinWAP">WinWAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WorldWideWeb" title="WorldWideWeb">WorldWideWeb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Web_browsers" title="Category:Web browsers">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_web_browsers" title="Comparison of web browsers">Comparisons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_web_browsers" title="List of web browsers">List</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_Wide_Web_Consortium_(W3C)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:W3C_standards" title="Template:W3C standards"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:W3C_standards" title="Template talk:W3C standards"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:W3C_standards" title="Special:EditPage/Template:W3C standards"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_Wide_Web_Consortium_(W3C)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a> (W3C)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Products and standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium#W3C_recommendation_(REC)" title="World Wide Web Consortium">Recommendations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ActivityPub" title="ActivityPub">ActivityPub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Activity_Streams_(format)" title="Activity Streams (format)">Activity Streams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WAI-ARIA" title="WAI-ARIA">ARIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_XML" title="Canonical XML">Canonical XML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compound_Document_Format" title="Compound Document Format">CDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSS" title="CSS">CSS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CSS_animations" title="CSS animations">Animations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSS_Flexible_Box_Layout" title="CSS Flexible Box Layout">Flexbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSS_grid_layout" title="CSS grid layout">Grid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Document_Object_Model" title="Document Object Model">DOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efficient_XML_Interchange" title="Efficient XML Interchange">EXI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emotion_Markup_Language" title="Emotion Markup Language">EmotionML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W3C_Geolocation_API" title="W3C Geolocation API">Geolocation API</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">HTML5</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indexed_Database_API" title="Indexed Database API">IndexedDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalization_Tag_Set" title="Internationalization Tag Set">ITS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JSON-LD" title="JSON-LD">JSON-LD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linked_Data_Notifications" title="Linked Data Notifications">Linked Data Notifications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MathML" title="MathML">MathML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micropub_(protocol)" title="Micropub (protocol)">Micropub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Ontology_Language" title="Web Ontology Language">OWL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pronunciation_Lexicon_Specification" title="Pronunciation Lexicon Specification">PLS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_Description_Framework" title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RDF_Schema" title="RDF Schema">Schema</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantic_Interpretation_for_Speech_Recognition" title="Semantic Interpretation for Speech Recognition">SISR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_Knowledge_Organization_System" title="Simple Knowledge Organization System">SKOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synchronized_Multimedia_Integration_Language" title="Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language">SMIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOAP" title="SOAP">SOAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speech_Recognition_Grammar_Specification" title="Speech Recognition Grammar Specification">SRGS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subresource_Integrity" title="Subresource Integrity">SRI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speech_Synthesis_Markup_Language" title="Speech Synthesis Markup Language">SSML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scalable_Vector_Graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Scalable Vector Graphics">SVG</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SVG_filter_effects" title="SVG filter effects">Filter Effects</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCXML" title="SCXML">SCXML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SHACL" title="SHACL">SHACL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPARQL" title="SPARQL">SPARQL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timed_text" title="Timed text">Timed text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VoiceXML" title="VoiceXML">VoiceXML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebAssembly" title="WebAssembly">WebAssembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_of_Things" title="Web of Things">WoT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thing_Description" title="Thing Description">TD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_storage" title="Web storage">Web storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Services_Description_Language" title="Web Services Description Language">WSDL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webmention" title="Webmention">Webmention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebSub" title="WebSub">WebSub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebVTT" title="WebVTT">WebVTT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Open_Font_Format" title="Web Open Font Format">WOFF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML">XHTML</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/XHTML%2BRDFa" title="XHTML+RDFa">+RDFa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/XML_Base" title="XML Base">Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Encryption" title="XML Encryption">Encryption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Events" title="XML Events">Events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Information_Set" title="XML Information Set">Information Set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_namespace" title="XML namespace">Namespace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Schema_(W3C)" title="XML Schema (W3C)">Schema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Signature" title="XML Signature">Signature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XForms" title="XForms">XForms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XInclude" title="XInclude">XInclude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XLink" title="XLink">XLink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML-binary_Optimized_Packaging" title="XML-binary Optimized Packaging">XOP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XPath" title="XPath">XPath</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/XPath_2.0" title="XPath 2.0">2.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XPath_3" title="XPath 3">3.x</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XPointer" title="XPointer">XPointer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XProc" title="XProc">XProc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XQuery" title="XQuery">XQuery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XSL" title="XSL">XSL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XSL_Formatting_Objects" title="XSL Formatting Objects">XSL-FO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XSLT" title="XSLT">XSLT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/XSLT_elements" title="XSLT elements">elements</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IndieAuth" title="IndieAuth">IndieAuth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XAdES" title="XAdES">XAdES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XBL" title="XBL">XBL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XHTML%2BSMIL" title="XHTML+SMIL">XHTML+SMIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensible_User_Interface_Protocol" title="Extensible User Interface Protocol">XUP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium#Working_draft_(WD)" title="World Wide Web Consortium">Working drafts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Call_Control_eXtensible_Markup_Language" title="Call Control eXtensible Markup Language">CCXML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CURIE" title="CURIE">CURIE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encrypted_Media_Extensions" title="Encrypted Media Extensions">EME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InkML" title="InkML">InkML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_Source_Extensions" title="Media Source Extensions">MSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_Interchange_Format" title="Rule Interchange Format">RIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMIL_Timesheets" title="SMIL Timesheets">SMIL Timesheets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SXBL" title="SXBL">sXBL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebGPU" title="WebGPU">WebGPU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebXR" title="WebXR">WebXR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensible_Forms_Description_Language" title="Extensible Forms Description Language">XFDL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XFrames" title="XFrames">XFrames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XMLHttpRequest" title="XMLHttpRequest">XMLHttpRequest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Guidelines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Web_Content_Accessibility_Guidelines" title="Web Content Accessibility Guidelines">Web Content Accessibility Guidelines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Initiative</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W3C_Markup_Validation_Service" title="W3C Markup Validation Service">Markup Validation Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Accessibility_Initiative" title="Web Accessibility Initiative">Web Accessibility Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Components" title="Web Components">Web Components</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deprecated</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C-HTML" class="mw-redirect" title="C-HTML">C-HTML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handheld_Device_Markup_Language" title="Handheld Device Markup Language">HDML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JavaScript_Style_Sheets" title="JavaScript Style Sheets">JSSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precision_Graphics_Markup_Language" title="Precision Graphics Markup Language">PGML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vector_Markup_Language" title="Vector Markup Language">VML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebPlatform.org" title="WebPlatform.org">WebPlatform</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Obsoleted</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/P3P" title="P3P">P3P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XHTML%2BMathML%2BSVG" title="XHTML+MathML+SVG">XHTML+MathML+SVG</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Foundation" title="World Wide Web Foundation">World Wide Web Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WHATWG" title="WHATWG">WHATWG</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elected groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=W3C_Advisory_Board&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W3C Advisory Board (page does not exist)">AB</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=W3C_Board&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W3C Board (page does not exist)">Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_Architecture_Group" title="Technical Architecture Group">TAG</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Working groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CSS_Working_Group" title="CSS Working Group">CSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SVG_Working_Group" title="SVG Working Group">SVG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebAssembly" title="WebAssembly">WebAssembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Authentication_Working_Group" title="Web Authentication Working Group">WebAuthn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Community & business groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Improving_Web_Advertising_Business_Group" title="Improving Web Advertising Business Group">Web Advertising BG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebAssembly" title="WebAssembly">WebAssembly</a> CG</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Closed groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W3C_Device_Description_Working_Group" title="W3C Device Description Working Group">Device Description</a> (DDWG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML_Working_Group" title="HTML Working Group">HTML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W3C_MMI" title="W3C MMI">Multimodal Interaction Activity</a> (MMI)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Software</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CERN_httpd" title="CERN httpd">CERN httpd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libwww" title="Libwww">Libwww</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">Browsers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Line_Mode_Browser" title="Line Mode Browser">Line Mode</a> (1990–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arena_(web_browser)" title="Arena (web browser)">Arena</a> (1993–98)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agora_(web_browser)" title="Agora (web browser)">Agora</a> (1994–97)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argo_(web_browser)" title="Argo (web browser)">Argo</a> (1994–97)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaya_(web_editor)" title="Amaya (web editor)">Amaya</a> (browser/editor, 1996–2012)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conferences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_World_Wide_Web_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="International World Wide Web Conference">International World Wide Web Conference</a> (IW3C) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_World_Wide_Web_Conferences_Steering_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee">Steering Committee</a> (IW3C2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_International_Conference_on_the_World-Wide_Web" title="First International Conference on the World-Wide Web">First conference</a> ("WWW1", 1994)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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