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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span><i>Singulare tantum</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Singulare_tantum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Usage_in_other_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Usage_in_other_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Usage in other languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Usage_in_other_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_and_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_and_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes and references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled 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Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluraletantum" title="Pluraletantum – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Pluraletantum" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plurale_tantum" title="Plurale tantum – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Plurale tantum" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plurale_tantum" title="Plurale tantum – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Plurale tantum" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluraletantum" title="Pluraletantum – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pluraletantum" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plurale_tantum" title="Plurale tantum – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Plurale tantum" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plurale_tantum" title="Plurale tantum – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Plurale tantum" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plurale_tantum" title="Plurale tantum – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Plurale tantum" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plurale_tantum" title="Plurale tantum – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Plurale tantum" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plurale_tantum" title="Plurale tantum – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Plurale tantum" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A3%D5%B8%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Անեզական գոյականներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Անեզական գոյականներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleirtala" title="Fleirtala – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fleirtala" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluralia_tantum" title="Pluralia tantum – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pluralia tantum" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plurale_tantum" title="Plurale tantum – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Plurale tantum" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plurale_tantum" title="Plurale tantum – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Plurale tantum" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluraletantum" title="Pluraletantum – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Pluraletantum" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plurale_tantum" title="Plurale tantum – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Plurale tantum" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plurale_tantum" title="Plurale tantum – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Plurale tantum" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plurale_tantum" title="Plurale tantum – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Plurale tantum" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluralia_tantum" title="Pluralia tantum – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Pluralia tantum" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomno%C5%BEn%C3%A9_podstatn%C3%A9_meno" title="Pomnožné podstatné meno – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pomnožné podstatné meno" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Плуралија тантум – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Плуралија тантум" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plurale_tantum" title="Plurale tantum – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Plurale tantum" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plurale_tantum" title="Plurale tantum – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Plurale tantum" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluralia_tantum" title="Pluralia tantum – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Pluralia tantum" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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.ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Plurale+tantum%22">"Plurale tantum"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Plurale+tantum%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Plurale+tantum%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Plurale+tantum%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Plurale+tantum%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Plurale+tantum%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kranichschere.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Kranichschere.jpg/220px-Kranichschere.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Kranichschere.jpg/330px-Kranichschere.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Kranichschere.jpg/440px-Kranichschere.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1299" data-file-height="1360" /></a><figcaption>Even a single item is called <i>scissors</i> (the singular form <i>scissor</i> is sometimes used in India).</figcaption></figure> <p>A <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><b>plurale tantum</b></i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a> for 'plural only'; <abbr title="plural">pl.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><b>pluralia tantum</b></i></span></span>) is a noun that appears only in the <a href="/wiki/Plural" title="Plural">plural</a> form and does not have a <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_number" title="Grammatical number">singular</a> variant for referring to a single object. In a less strict usage of the term, it can also refer to nouns whose singular form is rarely used. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Schiele_-_Weibliches_Modell_mit_feuerroter_Jacke_und_Hose_-_1914.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Schiele_-_Weibliches_Modell_mit_feuerroter_Jacke_und_Hose_-_1914.jpg/220px-Schiele_-_Weibliches_Modell_mit_feuerroter_Jacke_und_Hose_-_1914.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="319" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Schiele_-_Weibliches_Modell_mit_feuerroter_Jacke_und_Hose_-_1914.jpg/330px-Schiele_-_Weibliches_Modell_mit_feuerroter_Jacke_und_Hose_-_1914.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Schiele_-_Weibliches_Modell_mit_feuerroter_Jacke_und_Hose_-_1914.jpg/440px-Schiele_-_Weibliches_Modell_mit_feuerroter_Jacke_und_Hose_-_1914.jpg 2x" data-file-width="816" data-file-height="1184" /></a><figcaption>'Putting on pants' is correct, but 'putting on a pant' may sound odd.</figcaption></figure> <p>In English, <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">pluralia tantum</i></span> are often words that denote objects that occur or function as pairs or sets, such as spectacles, trousers, pants, scissors, clothes, or genitals. Other examples are for collections that, like <a href="/wiki/Alms" title="Alms">alms</a>, cannot conceivably be singular. Other examples include <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/suds" class="extiw" title="wikt:suds">suds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jeans" title="Jeans">jeans</a>, outskirts, <a href="/wiki/Odds" title="Odds">odds</a>, riches, <a href="/wiki/Gallows" title="Gallows">gallows</a> (although later treated as singular), surroundings, thanks, and heroics. </p><p>In some languages, <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">pluralia tantum</i></span> refer to points or periods of time (for example, <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Kalendae" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalendae">kalendae</a></i></span> 'calends, the first day of the month', <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Ferien</i></span> 'vacation, holiday'), or to events (for example, <a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a> <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">häät</i></span> 'wedding'), or to liquids (for example, <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> <span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">מַיִם</span></span> (<span title="Hebrew-language text"><i lang="he-Latn">mayim</i></span>) and <a href="/wiki/Chewa_language" title="Chewa language">Chichewa</a> <span title="Chichewa-language text"><i lang="ny">madzí</i></span>, both 'water'). </p><p>A bilingual example is the Latin word <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Fasces" title="Fasces">fasces</a></i></span> that was brought into English; when referring to the symbol of authority, it is a <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">plurale tantum</i></span> noun in both languages.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="English_usage">English usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plurale_tantum&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: English usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Plurale_tantum" title="Special:EditPage/Plurale tantum">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In English, some <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">plurale tantum</i></span> nouns have a singular form used only <a href="/wiki/Noun_adjunct" title="Noun adjunct">attributively</a>. Phrases such as "trouser press" and "scissor kick" contain the singular form, but it is considered nonstandard to say "a trouser" or "a scissor" on its own (though in the fashion and tailoring industries use of "trouser" in the singular to refer to a particular style occurs<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). That accords with the strong preference for singular nouns in attributive positions in English, but some words are used in the plural form even as attributive nouns, such as "clothes peg", "glasses case" – notwithstanding "spectacle case" and "eyeglass case". </p><p>In English, a word may have many definitions only some of which are <i>pluralia tantum</i>. The word "glasses" (a set of corrective lenses to improve eyesight) is <i>plurale tantum</i>. In contrast, the word "glass"—either a container for drinks (a <a href="/wiki/Count_noun" title="Count noun">count noun</a>) or a vitreous substance (a <a href="/wiki/Mass_noun" title="Mass noun">mass noun</a>)—may be singular or plural. Some words, such as "brain" and "intestine", can be used as either <i>plurale tantum</i> nouns or count nouns. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Singulare_tantum"><i>Singulare tantum</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plurale_tantum&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Singulare tantum"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term for a noun that appears only in the singular form is <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><b>singulare tantum</b></i></span> (<abbr title="plural">pl.</abbr>: <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><b>singularia tantum</b></i></span>), such as the English words: information, dust, and wealth. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Singulare tantum</i></span> is defined by the <i><a href="/wiki/Shorter_Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Shorter Oxford English Dictionary">Shorter Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> as "<i>Gram</i>. A word having only a singular form; <i>esp.</i> a non-count noun."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such nouns may refer to a unique singular object (essentially a proper noun), but more often than not, they refer to uncountable nouns, either <a href="/wiki/Mass_noun" title="Mass noun">mass nouns</a> (referring to a substance that cannot be counted as distinct objects, such as 'milk') or collective nouns (referring to objects that may in principle be counted but are referred to as one, such as 'popcorn' or <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">تُوت</span></span>, <span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">tut</i></span>, '<a href="/wiki/Morus_(plant)" title="Morus (plant)">mulberry</a>'). Given that they do not have a number distinction, they may appear as <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">singulare tantum</i></span> in one language but as <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">plurale tantum</i></span> in another. Compare English <i>water</i> to the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">plurale tantum</i></span>, <span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">מַיִם</span></span> (<span title="Hebrew-language text"><i lang="he-Latn">mayim</i></span>). </p><p>In English, such words are almost always <a href="/wiki/Mass_noun" title="Mass noun">mass nouns</a>. Some uncountable nouns can be alternatively used as count nouns when meaning "a type of", and the plural means "more than one type of". For example, <i>strength</i> is uncountable in <i>Strength is power</i>, but it can be used as a countable noun to mean an <i>instance</i> of [a <i>kind</i> of] strength, as in <i>My strengths are in physics and chemistry.</i> Some words, especially proper nouns such as the name of an individual, are nearly always in the singular form because there is only one example of what that noun means. Others like "nothingness" or "emptiness" refer to logical states of absence that can't sensibly be quantified at all, hence are not usefully "mass nouns" but are still Singularia Tantum. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage_in_other_languages">Usage in other languages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plurale_tantum&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Usage in other languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Pluralia tantum</i> vary arbitrarily between languages. For example, in <a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>, a pair of scissors is just <span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">en sax</i></span> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">one scissor</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>), not a <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">plurale tantum</i></span>. Similarly, in <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, a pair of trousers is <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">un pantalon</i></span>, while in <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">un pantalón</i></span> (singular) and <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">unos pantalones</i></span> (plural) are both valid ways to refer to a single garment. Additionally, in <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>, the term "Jeans" which is borrowed from the English, is rendered singular feminine as <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">die Jeans</i></span> in accordance with the singular feminine word <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">die Hose</i></span> meaning "trousers". </p><p>In some other languages, rather than quantifying a <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">plurale tantum</i></span> noun with a <a href="/wiki/Measure_word" title="Measure word">measure word</a>, special numeral forms are used in such cases. In <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>, for example, "one pair of eyeglasses" is expressed as either <span title="Polish-language text"><i lang="pl">jedne okulary</i></span> (one-<i>plural</i> glasses-<i>plural</i>) or <span title="Polish-language text"><i lang="pl">jedna para okularów</i></span> (one-<i>singular</i> pair-<i>singular</i> glasses-<i>genitive plural</i>). For larger quantities, "collective numeral" forms are available: <span title="Polish-language text"><i lang="pl">troje drzwi</i></span> (three doors), <span title="Polish-language text"><i lang="pl">pięcioro skrzypiec</i></span> (five violins). Compare them to the ordinary numeral forms found in Polish: <span title="Polish-language text"><i lang="pl">trzy filmy/pięć filmów</i></span> (three films/five films)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a> <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">деньги</span></span> (<span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">den'gi</i></span>, 'money') originally had a singular, <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru"><a href="/wiki/Denga" title="Denga">деньга</a></span></span> (<span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">den'ga</i></span>), which meant a copper coin worth half a <a href="/wiki/Ruble" title="Ruble">kopeck</a>. </p><p>The Yiddish word <span title="Yiddish-language text"><i lang="yi"><a href="/wiki/Kreplach" title="Kreplach">kreplach</a></i></span> is a well known example of a <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">plurale tantum</i></span> that is also plural only in other languages into which it is borrowed,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="'loaned' instead of 'borrowed'? (April 2023)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> 'one of the kreplach' would be <span title="Yiddish-language text"><span lang="yi" dir="rtl">איינער פון די קרעפּלאַך</span></span> (<span title="Yiddish-language text"><i lang="yi-Latn">eyner fun di kreplakh</i></span>). </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a> <span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">nefoedd</i></span>, 'heaven', is the plural of <span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">nef</i></span>, which is no longer part of the spoken language. <span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">Nefoedd</i></span> is now used with the singular meaning of 'heaven' and plural of 'heavens'. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plurale_tantum&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> The dictionary definition of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/plurale_tantum" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:plurale tantum"><i>plurale tantum</i></a> at Wiktionary </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 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verb">Defective verb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_plurals" title="English plurals">English plurals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_noun" title="Mass noun">Mass noun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singulative_number" title="Singulative number">Singulative number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synesis" title="Synesis">Synesis</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:Pluralia_tantum_by_language" class="extiw" title="wikt:Category:Pluralia tantum by language">Wiktionary lists of <i>pluralia tantum</i></a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plurale_tantum&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes and references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHarper" class="citation web cs1">Harper, Douglas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/?term=fasces">"fasces"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Online_Etymology_Dictionary" title="Online Etymology Dictionary">Online Etymology Dictionary</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.atitle=fasces&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2F%3Fterm%3Dfasces&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlurale+tantum" class="Z3988"></span> "1590s, from Latin fasces 'bundle of rods containing an axe with the blade projecting' (plural of fascis 'bundle' of wood, etc.).... Carried before a lictor, a superior Roman magistrate, as a symbol of power over life and limb: the sticks symbolized punishment by whipping, the axe-head execution by beheading." Retrieved 2 August 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coveteur.com/styling-flared-trousers">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Proof that Flared Trousers are Indeed a Wardrobe Staple"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Proof+that+Flared+Trousers+are+Indeed+a+Wardrobe+Staple%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcoveteur.com%2Fstyling-flared-trousers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlurale+tantum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary</i>. Oxford University Press. 1993. p. 2871.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Shorter+Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.pages=2871&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlurale+tantum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwan2002" class="citation book cs1">Swan, Oscar E. (2002). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/grammarcontempor00swan"><i>A Grammar of Contemporary Polish</i></a></span>. Bloomington, Indiana: Slavica. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/grammarcontempor00swan/page/n201">200</a>–201. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780893572969" title="Special:BookSources/9780893572969"><bdi>9780893572969</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Grammar+of+Contemporary+Polish&rft.place=Bloomington%2C+Indiana&rft.pages=200-201&rft.pub=Slavica&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780893572969&rft.aulast=Swan&rft.aufirst=Oscar+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgrammarcontempor00swan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlurale+tantum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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