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id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">보이기</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=ko.wikipedia.org&uselang=ko" class=""><span>기부</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EA%B3%84%EC%A0%95%EB%A7%8C%EB%93%A4%EA%B8%B0&returnto=%EA%B4%91%EB%91%A5%EC%96%B4" title="계정을 만들고 로그인하는 것이 좋습니다. 하지만 필수는 아닙니다" class=""><span>계정 만들기</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8%EC%9D%B8&returnto=%EA%B4%91%EB%91%A5%EC%96%B4" title="위키백과에 로그인하면 여러가지 편리한 기능을 사용할 수 있습니다. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>로그인</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="더 많은 옵션" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="개인 도구" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">개인 도구</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="사용자 메뉴" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=ko.wikipedia.org&uselang=ko"><span>기부</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EA%B3%84%EC%A0%95%EB%A7%8C%EB%93%A4%EA%B8%B0&returnto=%EA%B4%91%EB%91%A5%EC%96%B4" title="계정을 만들고 로그인하는 것이 좋습니다. 하지만 필수는 아닙니다"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>계정 만들기</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8%EC%9D%B8&returnto=%EA%B4%91%EB%91%A5%EC%96%B4" title="위키백과에 로그인하면 여러가지 편리한 기능을 사용할 수 있습니다. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>로그인</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 로그아웃한 편집자를 위한 문서 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%9B%80%EB%A7%90:%EC%86%8C%EA%B0%9C" aria-label="편집에 관해 더 알아보기"><span>더 알아보기</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%AC" title="이 IP 주소의 편집 목록 [y]" accesskey="y"><span>기여</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%EC%9E%90%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0" title="현재 사용하는 IP 주소에 대한 토론 문서 [n]" accesskey="n"><span>토론</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="사이트"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="목차" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">목차</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">처음 위치</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-역사" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#역사"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>역사</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-역사-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-지역별_사용" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#지역별_사용"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>지역별 사용</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-지역별_사용-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>지역별 사용 하위섹션 토글하기</span> </button> <ul id="toc-지역별_사용-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-홍콩과_마카오" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#홍콩과_마카오"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>홍콩과 마카오</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-홍콩과_마카오-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-중국_본토" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#중국_본토"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>중국 본토</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-중국_본토-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-동남아시아" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#동남아시아"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>동남아시아</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-동남아시아-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-성모" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#성모"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>성모</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-성모-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>성모 하위섹션 토글하기</span> </button> <ul id="toc-성모-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-보통화와의_음운적_차이" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#보통화와의_음운적_차이"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>보통화와의 음운적 차이</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-보통화와의_음운적_차이-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-권설음,_설면음" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#권설음,_설면음"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>권설음, 설면음</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-권설음,_설면음-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-사용_국가" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#사용_국가"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>사용 국가</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-사용_국가-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-같이_보기" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#같이_보기"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>같이 보기</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-같이_보기-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-각주" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#각주"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>각주</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-각주-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-외부_링크" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#외부_링크"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>외부 링크</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-외부_링크-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="목차" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="목차" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="목차 토글" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">목차 토글</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">광둥어</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="다른 언어로 문서를 방문합니다. 82개 언어로 읽을 수 있습니다" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-82" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">82개 언어</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9C" title="कैंटोनीज – 앙가어" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="कैंटोनीज" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="앙가어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%8A%D8%A4" title="صينية يؤ – 아랍어" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صينية يؤ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A0%DC%AB%DC%A2%DC%90_%DC%A9%DC%A2%DC%9B%DC%98%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܠܫܢܐ ܩܢܛܘܢܝܐ – 아람어" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܠܫܢܐ ܩܢܛܘܢܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="아람어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanton_dili" title="Kanton dili – 아제르바이잔어" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kanton dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="아제르바이잔어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantones" title="Kantones – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kantones" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Кантонскі дыялект – 벨라루스어" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кантонскі дыялект" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="벨라루스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Кантонски език – 불가리아어" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кантонски език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="불가리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="ক্যান্টনীয় উপভাষা – 벵골어" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ক্যান্টনীয় উপভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="벵골어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantoneg" title="Kantoneg – 브르타뉴어" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kantoneg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="브르타뉴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saro_Kanton" title="Saro Kanton – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Saro Kanton" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton%C3%A8s" title="Cantonès – 카탈로니아어" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cantonès" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="카탈로니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%86%D9%86%DB%8C" title="کانتۆنی – 소라니 쿠르드어" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کانتۆنی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="소라니 쿠르드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanton%C5%A1tina" title="Kantonština – 체코어" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kantonština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="체코어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantoneg" title="Cantoneg – 웨일스어" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cantoneg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="웨일스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantonesisk" title="Kantonesisk – 덴마크어" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kantonesisk" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="덴마크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AD%CE%B6%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B7_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Καντονέζικη γλώσσα – 그리스어" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καντονέζικη γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="그리스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese – 영어" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Cantonese" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="영어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantona_lingvo" title="Kantona lingvo – 에스페란토어" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kantona lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="에스페란토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chino_canton%C3%A9s" title="Chino cantonés – 스페인어" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Chino cantonés" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="스페인어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantoni_keel" title="Kantoni keel – 에스토니아어" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kantoni keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="에스토니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C" title="کانتونی – 페르시아어" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کانتونی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="페르시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantoninkiina" title="Kantoninkiina – 핀란드어" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kantoninkiina" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="핀란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantonais_standard" title="Cantonais standard – 프랑스어" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cantonais standard" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="프랑스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantoneesk_spriak" title="Kantoneesk spriak – 북부 프리지아어" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kantoneesk spriak" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="북부 프리지아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_cantonesa" title="Lingua cantonesa – 갈리시아어" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua cantonesa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="갈리시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%BA" title="𐌺𐌰𐌽𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺 – 고트어" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌺𐌰𐌽𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="고트어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B3ng-t%C3%BBng-fa" title="Kóng-tûng-fa – 하카어" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kóng-tûng-fa" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="하카어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%96%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="קנטונזית תקנית – 히브리어" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קנטונזית תקנית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="히브리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="कैण्टोनी भाषा – 힌디어" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कैण्टोनी भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="힌디어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="알찬 글"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantoni_nyelv" title="Kantoni nyelv – 헝가리어" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kantoni nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="헝가리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaku_Kanton" title="Jaku Kanton – 이반어" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Jaku Kanton" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="이반어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Kanton" title="Bahasa Kanton – 인도네시아어" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Kanton" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="인도네시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantones" title="Kantones – 이로코어" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Kantones" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="이로코어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kant%C3%B3nska" title="Kantónska – 아이슬란드어" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kantónska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="아이슬란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BA%83%E6%9D%B1%E8%AA%9E" title="広東語 – 일본어" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="広東語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="일본어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Kwangtung" title="Basa Kwangtung – 자바어" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa Kwangtung" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="자바어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kant%C9%94n%C9%9B%C9%9B_k%CA%8An%CA%8A%C5%8B" title="Kantɔnɛɛ kʊnʊŋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Kantɔnɛɛ kʊnʊŋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Kanton" title="Basa Kanton – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Basa Kanton" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantonek" title="Cantonek – 콘월어" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Cantonek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="콘월어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantonees" title="Kantonees – 림버거어" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Kantonees" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="림버거어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B8%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%96%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99" title="ພາສາກວາງຕຸ້ງມາດຕະຖານ – 라오어" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ພາສາກວາງຕຸ້ງມາດຕະຖານ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="라오어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantono_kin%C5%B3_kalba" title="Kantono kinų kalba – 리투아니아어" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kantono kinų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="리투아니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantonie%C5%A1u_dialekts" title="Kantoniešu dialekts – 라트비아어" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kantoniešu dialekts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="라트비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bh%C3%A2sa_Kanton" title="Bhâsa Kanton – 마두라어" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Bhâsa Kanton" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="마두라어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_kant%C3%B4ney" title="Fiteny kantôney – 말라가시어" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny kantôney" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="말라가시어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Кантонски јазик – 마케도니아어" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кантонски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="마케도니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="കാന്റോനീസ് ഭാഷ – 말라얄람어" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കാന്റോനീസ് ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="말라얄람어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%81_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯀꯦꯟꯇꯣꯅꯤꯁ ꯂꯣꯟ – 마니푸리어" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯀꯦꯟꯇꯣꯅꯤꯁ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="마니푸리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9C_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="कँटोनीज भाषा – 마라티어" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कँटोनीज भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="마라티어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Kantonis" title="Bahasa Kantonis – 말레이어" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Kantonis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="말레이어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="یوئی – 마잔데라니어" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="یوئی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="마잔데라니어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="क्यान्टोनिज भाषा – 네와르어" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="क्यान्टोनिज भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="네와르어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standaardkantonees" title="Standaardkantonees – 네덜란드어" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Standaardkantonees" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="네덜란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_kantonesisk" title="Standard kantonesisk – 노르웨이어(보크말)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Standard kantonesisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(보크말)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton%C3%A9s" title="Cantonés – 오크어" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cantonés" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="오크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standardowy_j%C4%99zyk_kanto%C5%84ski" title="Standardowy język kantoński – 폴란드어" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Standardowy język kantoński" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="폴란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%B9%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C" title="کینٹونی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کینٹونی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_cantonesa" title="Língua cantonesa – 포르투갈어" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua cantonesa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="포르투갈어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_cantonez%C4%83" title="Limba cantoneză – 루마니아어" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba cantoneză" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="루마니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Кантонский диалект – 러시아어" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кантонский диалект" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="러시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="कैंटोनी भाषा – 산스크리트어" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="कैंटोनी भाषा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="산스크리트어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%BD_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱠᱮᱱᱴᱳᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – 산탈리어" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱠᱮᱱᱴᱳᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="산탈리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese – 스코틀랜드어" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Cantonese" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="스코틀랜드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standardni_kantonski_jezik" title="Standardni kantonski jezik – 세르비아-크로아티아어" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Standardni kantonski jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="세르비아-크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%93%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A" title="කැන්ටනීස් – 싱할라어" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කැන්ටනීස්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="싱할라어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanton%C4%8Dina_(Kanton)" title="Kantončina (Kanton) – 슬로바키아어" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kantončina (Kanton)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="슬로바키아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Кантонски језик – 세르비아어" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кантонски језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="세르비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kant%C5%8D%C5%84sk%C5%8F_g%C5%8Fdka" title="Kantōńskŏ gŏdka – 실레시아어" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Kantōńskŏ gŏdka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="실레시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="கண்டோனீயம் – 타밀어" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கண்டோனீயம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="타밀어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="ภาษากวางตุ้งมาตรฐาน – 태국어" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษากวางตุ้งมาตรฐาน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="태국어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Kantones" title="Wikang Kantones – 타갈로그어" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Kantones" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="타갈로그어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantonca" title="Kantonca – 튀르키예어" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kantonca" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="튀르키예어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Кантон теле – 타타르어" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кантон теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="타타르어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%DA%86%DB%95" title="كانتونچە – 위구르어" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="كانتونچە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="위구르어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Кантонський діалект – 우크라이나어" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кантонський діалект" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="우크라이나어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%B9%D9%86%DB%8C" title="کینٹنی – 우르두어" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کینٹنی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="우르두어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_Ch%C3%A2u" title="Tiếng Quảng Châu – 베트남어" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Quảng Châu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="베트남어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinulongan_Cantones" title="Pinulongan Cantones – 와라이어" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pinulongan Cantones" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="와라이어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="广州话 – 우어" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="广州话" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="우어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="广州话 – 중국어" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="广州话" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="중국어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%84g-chiu-%C5%8De" title="Kńg-chiu-ōe – 민난어" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kńg-chiu-ōe" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="민난어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E5%BA%9C%E8%A9%B1" title="廣府話 – 광둥어" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="廣府話" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="광둥어" 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</ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="페이지 도구"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="보이기"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">보이기</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ko" dir="ltr"><p><span class="nowrap"></span> </p> <table class="infobox"> <caption style="border-top: 0.35em solid tomato; border-bottom: 0.35em solid tomato; margin: 0.25em 0em 0.5em 0em;">광둥어<br /><span style="font-size: 80%;"><small><a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4" title="중국어">중국어</a> <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%95%EC%B2%B4%EC%9E%90" title="정체자">정체자</a>: </small><span lang="zh-Hant">廣東話</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%84%EC%B2%B4%EC%9E%90" title="간체자">간체자</a>: </small><span lang="zh-Hans">广东话</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EC%96%B4_%EB%B3%91%EC%9D%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="한어 병음">병음</a>: </small><span lang="zh-Latn-pinyin">GuǎngdōngHuà</span></span> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align: left;"><span class="nowrap">사용 국가 </span> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%ED%99%94%EC%9D%B8%EB%AF%BC%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD" title="중화인민공화국">중화인민공화국</a> 남부, <a href="/wiki/%ED%99%8D%EC%BD%A9" title="홍콩">홍콩</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EC%B9%B4%EC%98%A4" title="마카오">마카오</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;"><span class="nowrap">언어 인구 </span> </th> <td>7100만여 명<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;"><span class="nowrap">문자 </span> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EC%9E%90" title="한자">한자</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%EC%96%B4%EC%A1%B1" title="어족">언어 계통</a> </span> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EA%B5%AD%ED%8B%B0%EB%B2%A0%ED%8A%B8%EC%96%B4%EC%A1%B1" title="중국티베트어족">중국티베트어족</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4%ED%8C%8C" title="중국어파">중국어파</a><br />  <a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4" title="중국어">중국어</a><br />   <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%A8%EC%96%B4_(%EC%96%B8%EC%96%B4)" title="웨어 (언어)">웨어 (언어)</a><br />    <b>광둥어</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:tomato; color:black;">공용어 및 표준 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;"><span class="nowrap">공용어로 쓰는 나라 </span> </th> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="중화인민공화국의 기" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%ED%99%94%EC%9D%B8%EB%AF%BC%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD" title="중화인민공화국">중화인민공화국</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="홍콩의 기" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/22px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/33px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/44px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%ED%99%8D%EC%BD%A9" title="홍콩">홍콩</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Flag_of_Macau.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="마카오의 기" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/22px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/33px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/44px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EC%B9%B4%EC%98%A4" title="마카오">마카오</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:tomato; color:black;">언어 부호 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" title="ISO 639-1">ISO 639-1</a> </span> </th> <td><code>zh</code> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a> </span> </th> <td><code>chi</code> (B)<br /><code>zho</code> (T) </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a> </th> <td><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/yue" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:yue">yue</a></code> 광둥어 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Idioma_canton%C3%A9s.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Idioma_canton%C3%A9s.png/290px-Idioma_canton%C3%A9s.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/Idioma_canton%C3%A9s.png 1.5x" data-file-width="362" data-file-height="316" /></a></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>광둥어</b>(<span lang="ko-hani" style="font-size: smaller;"><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4_%ED%95%9C%EC%9E%90" title="한국어 한자">한국 한자</a>: </span>廣東語, <small><a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4" title="중국어">중국어</a> <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%95%EC%B2%B4%EC%9E%90" title="정체자">정체자</a>: </small><span lang="zh-Hant">廣東話</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%84%EC%B2%B4%EC%9E%90" title="간체자">간체자</a>: </small><span lang="zh-Hans">广东话</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/%ED%99%8D%EC%BD%A9_%EC%96%B8%EC%96%B4%ED%95%99_%ED%95%99%ED%9A%8C_%EC%9B%94%EC%96%B4_%EB%B3%91%EC%9D%8C_%EB%B0%A9%EC%95%88" title="홍콩 언어학 학회 월어 병음 방안">월병</a>: </small><span lang="yue-jyutping">gwong<sup>2</sup> dung<sup>1</sup> waa<sup>2</sup></span> <small>궝동와<sup>[<a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EA%B4%91%EB%91%A5%EC%96%B4%EC%9D%98_%ED%95%9C%EA%B8%80_%ED%91%9C%EA%B8%B0" title="위키백과:광둥어의 한글 표기">*</a>]</sup></small>, <small><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EC%96%B4_%EB%B3%91%EC%9D%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="한어 병음">한어 병음</a>: </small><span lang="zh-Latn-pinyin">Guǎngdōnghuà</span> <small>광동화<sup>[<a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EC%A4%91%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4%EC%9D%98_%ED%95%9C%EA%B8%80_%ED%91%9C%EA%B8%B0" title="위키백과:중국어의 한글 표기">*</a>]</sup></small>, <span style="font-size: smaller;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%81%EC%96%B4" title="영어">영어</a>: </span><span lang="en">Cantonese</span> <small>캔터니즈<sup>[<a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EC%98%81%EC%96%B4%EC%9D%98_%ED%95%9C%EA%B8%80_%ED%91%9C%EA%B8%B0" title="위키백과:영어의 한글 표기">*</a>]</sup></small>)는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4%EC%9D%98_%EB%B0%A9%EC%96%B8" title="중국어의 방언">중국어 방언</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>의 하나로, <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%94%EC%96%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="월어">월어</a>(粵語)의 가장 대표적인 하위 방언이다. 한국식 한자음으로는 <b>광동어</b>라고 한다. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EA%B5%AD" title="중국">중국</a> 남부의 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B4%91%EB%91%A5%EC%84%B1" title="광둥성">광둥성</a>과 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B4%91%EC%8B%9C%EC%84%B1" title="광시성">광시성</a> 동부, 그리고 <a href="/wiki/%ED%99%8D%EC%BD%A9" title="홍콩">홍콩</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EC%B9%B4%EC%98%A4" title="마카오">마카오</a>에 걸쳐 전통적으로 사용된 방언이며, 오늘날 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%ED%99%94%EC%9D%B8%EB%AF%BC%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD" title="중화인민공화국">중화인민공화국</a>읙 8천만 명 뿐 아니라 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%99%EB%82%A8%EC%95%84%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84" title="동남아시아">동남아시아</a>(특히 <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%B1%EA%B0%80%ED%8F%AC%EB%A5%B4" title="싱가포르">싱가포르</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%90%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84" title="말레이시아">말레이시아</a>), <a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD" title="미국">미국</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%BA%90%EB%82%98%EB%8B%A4" title="캐나다">캐나다</a> 등 해외 <a href="/wiki/%ED%99%94%EA%B5%90" title="화교">화교</a> 1천만 명도 광둥어를 모어로 사용한다. </p><p>특히 <a href="/wiki/%ED%99%8D%EC%BD%A9" title="홍콩">홍콩</a>과 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EC%B9%B4%EC%98%A4" title="마카오">마카오</a>에서는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%81%EC%96%B4" title="영어">영어</a> 혹은 <a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%EB%A5%B4%ED%88%AC%EA%B0%88%EC%96%B4" title="포르투갈어">포르투갈어</a>와 함께 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%B5%EC%9A%A9%EC%96%B4" title="공용어">공용어</a>로 사용되며, 현재도 <a href="/wiki/%ED%99%8D%EC%BD%A9" title="홍콩">홍콩</a> 영화, 노래, <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%94%EA%B7%B9" title="월극">월극</a>(粵劇) 등의 예술 작품을 포함한 여러 분야에서 광둥어가 널리 사용되고 있다. 문어와 구어의 차이가 있는데, 공식적 상황에서 흔히 쓰이는 문어는 표준 중국어와 유사한 구조의 문장을 광둥어식 발음으로 읽은 것이고, 구어는 비공식적인 일상 대화에서 많이 쓰이며 표준 중국어와 비교할 때 문법과 어휘에 큰 차이가 있다. </p><p>크게 6개의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B1%EC%A1%B0" title="성조">성조</a>가 존재하는데, <a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%85%EC%84%B1" title="입성">입성</a>을 별도로 처리하는 전통적 구분에서는 9개로도 여겨진다. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="역사"><span id=".EC.97.AD.EC.82.AC"></span>역사</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B4%91%EB%91%A5%EC%96%B4&action=edit&section=1" title="부분 편집: 역사"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>이민족에 의해 한족이 남쪽으로 밀려나면서 광동어는 고대와 중세 한어(漢語)의 발음과 특징이 매우 많이 남아 있다. <a href="/wiki/%EB%82%A8%EC%86%A1" title="남송">남송</a>(南宋) 시대에는 그 지역의 문화의 중심이 되어, 다양한 민요와 극에 사용되었다. 또한 광동어는 고전 문학의 한 영역을 구축하여, <a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EC%84%B8_%EC%A4%91%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="중세 중국어">중세 중국어</a>의 문학은 만다린이라고 불리는 <a href="/wiki/%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EC%A4%91%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4" title="표준 중국어">표준 중국어</a>와 다른 현대 중국어 방언들보다 광동어에 더욱 유사하게 소리난다. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%81%EB%B0%9C%EC%94%A8" title="탁발씨">탁발씨</a>(拓跋氏) <a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%81%EC%9C%84" class="mw-disambig" title="북위">북위</a>(北魏)부터 시작하여 수차례 이민족에 의해 한족들은 화남지역으로 지속적을 밀려 남조를 건국하며 정복되길 반복하였고 이민족이 차지한 화북지역의 중국어 발음은 지속적으로 변화하였지만 광둥어와 푸젠성, 장쑤성 등 화남지역의 중국어는 고대, 중세 중국어(漢語)의 발음이 많이 남게 되었다. 그래서 대한민국에서 사용하는 한자 발음은 표준 중국어인 보통화보다 광둥어와 푸젠성 등 화남지역의 방언 한자 발음과 훨씬 비슷하다. 표준 중국어 보통화는 만다린이라고 불렸고 북쪽으로 갈수록 보통화의 표준 발음이 더 선명해져 동북 지역 하얼빈에 보통화 표준 발음이 가장 정확하다. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1842%EB%85%84" title="1842년">1842년</a> <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%9C1%EC%B0%A8_%EC%95%84%ED%8E%B8_%EC%A0%84%EC%9F%81" title="제1차 아편 전쟁">제1차 아편 전쟁</a>이 끝나면서 수 세기 동안 이어져 왔던 해금령 (海禁令)이 철폐되었다. 이에 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A3%BC%EA%B0%95_%EC%82%BC%EA%B0%81%EC%A3%BC" title="주강 삼각주">주강삼각주</a> 출신의 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B4%91%EB%91%A5%EC%84%B1" title="광둥성">광둥성</a> 주민들과 상인들이 배를 타고 인근의 광둥성 일대나 이웃한 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B4%91%EC%8B%9C%EC%84%B1" title="광시성">광시성</a>으로 건너가 정착하기 시작하였다. 이들은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%94%EC%96%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="월어">월어</a> 내 다른 방언이나 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A2%A1%EC%96%B4" title="좡어">좡어</a>처럼 언어 계통이 달랐던 타지 내 광둥어 화자로 자리잡았는데 <a href="/wiki/%EB%82%9C%EB%8B%9D%EC%8B%9C" title="난닝시">난닝</a>-<a href="/wiki/%EC%A3%BC%EC%9E%A5%EC%8B%9C" title="주장시">주장</a> 일대의 '융심 방언' (邕潯粵語)이 대표적인 사례다.<sup id="cite_ref-Sousa2022_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sousa2022-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 19세기 후반에 이르러 바다 건너 해외의 동남아시아, 아메리카, 서유럽 일대로 <a href="/wiki/%ED%99%94%EA%B5%90" title="화교">화교</a>들이 이주하면서 광둥어도 함께 퍼져 나갔으며, 해외 대도시에 형성된 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B0%A8%EC%9D%B4%EB%82%98%ED%83%80%EC%9A%B4" title="차이나타운">차이나타운</a> 주민들의 언어도 광둥어가 주를 이뤘다.<sup id="cite_ref-Sousa2022_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sousa2022-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 서양에서도 관심을 가지기 시작하여 1883년 영국의 제임스 다이어 볼 (James Dyer Ball)은 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B4%91%EC%A0%80%EC%9A%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="광저우">광저우</a> 서부 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%EC%99%84%EA%B5%AC" title="리완구">시관</a> (西關) 방언을 중심으로 광둥어 발음과 억양을 처음으로 정리한 〈쉽게 만든 광둥어〉 (Cantonese made easy)를 펴냈다.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1900년대부터 중국 본토의 광저우 일대에서 <a href="/wiki/%ED%99%8D%EC%BD%A9" title="홍콩">홍콩</a>과 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EC%B9%B4%EC%98%A4" title="마카오">마카오</a> (당시 영국와 포르투갈의 식민지)로 건너오는 정착민이 늘어났다.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYue-Hashimoto197270_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYue-Hashimoto197270-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 과거 홍콩 일대는 월어 중에서도 <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%A0%EC%A0%84%EC%8B%9C" title="선전시">선전</a>이나 <a href="/wiki/%EB%91%A5%EA%B4%80%EC%8B%9C" title="둥관시">둥관</a> 방언이 주류였으며 <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%98%EC%B9%B4%EC%96%B4" title="하카어">하카어</a>와 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%BC%EB%82%9C%EC%96%B4" title="민난어">민난어</a> 화자들이 섞여 있었으나, 광저우 출신자들이 홍콩 인구 비중을 상당수 차지하게 되면서 자연히 광둥어가 주 언어로 부상하게 되었다.<sup id="cite_ref-Sousa2022_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sousa2022-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 이후로도 홍콩으로의 이주민 유입이 계속되면서 광둥어 화자 비중도 압도적인 비중으로 발전하게 되었는데, 1950년대까지만 하더라도 전체 인구 가운데 광둥어 화자는 50% 미만이었으나 1970년대부터는 90% 이상으로 폭증하였다.<sup id="cite_ref-Sousa2022_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sousa2022-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 반면 마카오에서 사용되던 기존 월어는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EC%82%B0%EC%8B%9C" title="중산시">중산</a> 방언에 해당되었으며, 마카오로 유입된 광둥어도 기존 월어 방언을 대체하는 것이 아니라 오히려 광둥어의 음운론에 영향을 끼치는 방식으로 나아가게 되었다.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sousa2022_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sousa2022-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>한편으로 동시대 중국 연예계가 근거지를 홍콩으로 대거 이전하였고, 영국 식민지라는 지역 특성상 국내관객에 머무르지 않고 해외관객도 겨냥하는 쪽으로 변화해 나갔다.<sup id="cite_ref-Bordwell2000_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bordwell2000-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 머지않아 <a href="/wiki/%ED%99%8D%EC%BD%A9_%EC%98%81%ED%99%94" title="홍콩 영화">홍콩 영화</a>의 부상으로 중국 영화계는 홍콩 기반의 광둥어와 본토 기반의 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B4%80%ED%99%94" title="관화">관화</a>로 양분되었다.<sup id="cite_ref-Bordwell2000_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bordwell2000-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 표준 광둥어의 보수적인 억양과 더불어 광저우 시관 방언의 억양이 그대로 대중매체에 반영되었으며 이는 특히 1930년대 홍콩 영화에서 두드러졌다. 다만 이 기간 동안의 음운변화도 상당하여, 옛 광둥어에서 현대 광둥어로의 변화가 감지된다.<sup id="cite_ref-Sham2020_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sham2020-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EA%B5%AD_%EB%8C%80%EB%A5%99" title="중국 대륙">중국 대륙</a>에서는 1949년 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B3%B5%EC%82%B0%EB%8B%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="중국 공산당">중국 공산당</a> 집권 이후로 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%ED%86%B5%ED%99%94" class="mw-redirect" title="보통화">보통화</a>를 공공 문서와 학교에서 사용하도록 하고 있다. 반면에 <a href="/wiki/%ED%99%8D%EC%BD%A9" title="홍콩">홍콩</a>과 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EC%B9%B4%EC%98%A4" title="마카오">마카오</a>에서는 '<a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%96%91%EB%AC%B8%EC%82%BC%EC%96%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="양문삼어 (없는 문서)">양문삼어</a>' (兩文三語) 정책에 따라 광둥어를 공식 언어로 인정하였다.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZhangYang2004154_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZhangYang2004154-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 이 원칙에 따라 홍콩 정부와 홍콩 법률은 여전히 광둥어를 주 언어로 사용하고 있으며 정부인사나 공무원들도 공식 석상에서 광둥어를 사용한다.<sup id="cite_ref-Sousa2022_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sousa2022-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="지역별_사용"><span id=".EC.A7.80.EC.97.AD.EB.B3.84_.EC.82.AC.EC.9A.A9"></span>지역별 사용</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B4%91%EB%91%A5%EC%96%B4&action=edit&section=2" title="부분 편집: 지역별 사용"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="홍콩과_마카오"><span id=".ED.99.8D.EC.BD.A9.EA.B3.BC_.EB.A7.88.EC.B9.B4.EC.98.A4"></span>홍콩과 마카오</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B4%91%EB%91%A5%EC%96%B4&action=edit&section=3" title="부분 편집: 홍콩과 마카오"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r34311305">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%99%8D%EC%BD%A9_%EA%B4%91%EB%91%A5%EC%96%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="홍콩 광둥어 (없는 문서)">홍콩 광둥어</a> 문서를 참고하십시오.</div> <p><a href="/wiki/%ED%99%8D%EC%BD%A9" title="홍콩">홍콩</a>의 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%B5%EC%9A%A9%EC%96%B4" title="공용어">공용어</a>는 <a href="/wiki/%ED%99%8D%EC%BD%A9_%EA%B8%B0%EB%B3%B8%EB%B2%95" title="홍콩 기본법">홍콩 기본법</a>에 따라 중국어와 영어로 지정되어 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 그러나 여기서 말하는 중국어란 수많은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4%EC%9D%98_%EB%B0%A9%EC%96%B8" title="중국어의 방언">방언</a>을 함의하고 있으며 광둥어도 그 중 하나에 해당된다. 예로부터 홍콩 내에서 주로 사용했던 언어는 광둥어였으므로 <a href="/wiki/%ED%99%8D%EC%BD%A9_%EC%A0%95%EB%B6%80" class="mw-redirect" title="홍콩 정부">홍콩 정부</a>와 홍콩 법원은 공용어로서의 중국어를 사실상 광둥어로 보고 널리 사용한다. 학교 수업에서도 <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%81%EC%96%B4" title="영어">영어</a>와 함께 광둥어를 사용한다. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EC%B9%B4%EC%98%A4" title="마카오">마카오</a>에서도 공용어를 중국어와 <a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%EB%A5%B4%ED%88%AC%EA%B0%88%EC%96%B4" title="포르투갈어">포르투갈어</a>로 지정해 놓았으나 광둥어를 사용하는 실정이다. 홍콩과 마찬가지로 가장 우세한 방언으로서 일상적으로 사용되고 있음을 감안하여 마카오 정부에서 공식적으로 사용하는 언어에 해당된다. 홍콩과 마카오의 광둥어는 중국 본토 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B4%91%EC%A0%80%EC%9A%B0%EC%8B%9C" title="광저우시">광저우</a> 일대의 광둥어와 비교하면 억양과 발음, 어휘에 약간의 차이가 있으나 서로간에 소통은 가능하다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="중국_본토"><span id=".EC.A4.91.EA.B5.AD_.EB.B3.B8.ED.86.A0"></span>중국 본토</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B4%91%EB%91%A5%EC%96%B4&action=edit&section=4" title="부분 편집: 중국 본토"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ping_and_Yue_dialect_map.svg"><img resource="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Ping_and_Yue_dialect_map.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Ping_and_Yue_dialect_map.svg/220px-Ping_and_Yue_dialect_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Ping_and_Yue_dialect_map.svg/330px-Ping_and_Yue_dialect_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Ping_and_Yue_dialect_map.svg/440px-Ping_and_Yue_dialect_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="323" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%EA%B4%91%EB%91%A5%EC%84%B1" title="광둥성">광둥성</a>과 그 주변 일대의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%94%EC%96%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="월어">월어</a> 방언 분포 현황. 표준 광둥어의 사용지역은 분홍색으로 표시되어 있다.</figcaption></figure> <p>중국 남동부 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A3%BC%EA%B0%95_%EC%82%BC%EA%B0%81%EC%A3%BC" title="주강 삼각주">주강 삼각주</a> 일대의 항구도시 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B4%91%EC%A0%80%EC%9A%B0%EC%8B%9C" title="광저우시">광저우</a>는 광둥어가 발원한 지역에 해당된다. 예로부터 광저우가 무역과 문화도시로 거듭난 것과 더불어 광둥어도 <a href="/wiki/%EB%82%A8%EC%86%A1" title="남송">남송</a> 대부터 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%94%EC%96%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="월어">월어</a> 가운데서도 고위층의 방언으로 부상하였으며, 지금의 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B4%91%EB%91%A5%EC%84%B1" title="광둥성">광둥성</a>과 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B4%91%EC%8B%9C%EC%84%B1" title="광시성">광시성</a> 대부분 지역에 걸쳐 사용되었다.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYue-Hashimoto19724_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYue-Hashimoto19724-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1842년 <a href="/wiki/%EB%82%9C%EC%A7%95_%EC%A1%B0%EC%95%BD" title="난징 조약">홍콩의 영국 할양</a>에 이어 1887년 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EA%B5%AD-%ED%8F%AC%EB%A5%B4%ED%88%AC%EA%B0%88_%EC%9A%B0%ED%98%B8%ED%86%B5%EC%83%81%EC%A1%B0%EC%95%BD" title="중국-포르투갈 우호통상조약">마카오의 포르투갈 영유권 인정</a>이 이루어졌으나 19세기~20세기에 광저우 일대에서 중국계 인구가 대거 이주해오면서 광둥어도 홍콩과 마카오의 대표적인 중국어 방언으로 자리잡았다. 1900년대에 이르러 청나라는 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B4%80%ED%99%94" title="관화">관화</a>를 공용어로 채택하였으나 광둥성과 광시성에서는 여전히 광둥어를 공용어로 사용하였다. 1949년 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%ED%99%94%EC%9D%B8%EB%AF%BC%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD" title="중화인민공화국">중화인민공화국</a>이 수립되면서 <a href="/wiki/%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80%EC%A4%91%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="표준중국어">표준중국어</a>를 유일한 공용어로 확립하였으나 이들 지역 내 광둥어의 영향력은 여전하였다.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamsey19873–15_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamsey19873–15-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>중국 정부는 방송에서 지역방언 대신 표준중국어를 사용하도록 장려하고 있으나,<sup id="cite_ref-sarft-1_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sarft-1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%EA%B4%91%EB%91%A5%EC%84%B1" title="광둥성">광둥성</a>에서는 지역방송과 대중교통 안내방송에서 광둥어를 사용하는 등, 중국 내 다른 방언보다 상대적으로 높은 지위를 누리고 있다. 뿐만 아니라 대학교 선택과목이나 중국어를 제2외국어로 가르치는 수업에서도 광둥어를 소통언어로 쓰는 경우가 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 중화인민공화국에서 광둥어가 제한적으로나마 사용되고 있는 것은 광둥어가 공용어인 홍콩의 문화적 영향력에 대응하기 위한 동시에, 광둥어 매체가 광둥성 내에서 상당한 노출빈도와 시청취자를 확보하기 있기 때문인 것으로 분석된다.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZhangYang2004154_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZhangYang2004154-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>그러나 광둥어의 비중을 줄이고 표준중국어로 대체되려는 움직임은 지역 내에서 여전한 논란거리로 남아 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2010년에는 광저우 TV 채널의 표준중국어 프로그램 비중을 늘리려는 정부 정책에 반발한 시민들이 <a href="/wiki/%ED%86%88%EC%95%88%EB%A8%BC_%EC%82%AC%ED%83%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="톈안먼 사태">1989년 톈안먼 사태</a> 이후 최대 규모의 <a href="/w/index.php?title=2010%EB%85%84_%EA%B4%91%EC%A0%80%EC%9A%B0_%EA%B4%91%EB%91%A5%EC%96%B4_%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%80_%EC%8B%9C%EC%9C%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2010년 광저우 광둥어 지지 시위 (없는 문서)">거리시위</a>에 나서면서 전격 철회되는 사건이 벌어졌다. 2010년대 이후 중국의 대표 경제도시로서 타지 출신의 표준중국어 화자들의 계속되는 유입과 엄격한 정부정책으로 광둥어 화자의 비중이 줄어들고 관화로 바뀌어 간다는 우려가 이어졌다. 그 결과 광둥어는 지역 정체성으로서 그 어느때보다도 중요한 문화로 취급되고 있는 실정이다.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 학교 교과과정에 광둥어 수업을 도입하거나, 방송매체에서 광둥어로 제작된 프로그램을 방영하는 등 광둥어의 비중을 되살리려는 노력이 여기에 해당된다.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="동남아시아"><span id=".EB.8F.99.EB.82.A8.EC.95.84.EC.8B.9C.EC.95.84"></span>동남아시아</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B4%91%EB%91%A5%EC%96%B4&action=edit&section=5" title="부분 편집: 동남아시아"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%99%EB%82%A8%EC%95%84%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84" title="동남아시아">동남아시아</a> 일대로 진출한 <a href="/wiki/%ED%99%94%EA%B5%90" title="화교">화교</a>들 사이에서도 널리 사용되는데, 이는 광둥어가 모어인 화자들도 있지만 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B7%A8%EC%95%88%EC%9E%A5%EC%96%B4" title="취안장어">취안장어</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%B0%A8%EC%98%A4%EC%A0%80%EC%9A%B0%EC%96%B4" title="차오저우어">차오저우어</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%98%EC%B9%B4%EC%96%B4" title="하카어">하카어</a> 등의 다른 화자들이 서로간의 의사소통을 위한 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%81%EA%B5%AC%EC%95%84_%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91%EC%B9%B4" title="링구아 프랑카">링구아 프랑카</a>로서의 역할도 맡고 있기 때문이다.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 이와 더불어 <a href="/wiki/%ED%99%8D%EC%BD%A9_%EC%98%81%ED%99%94" title="홍콩 영화">홍콩 영화</a> 등의 광둥어 매체와 대중문화가 동남아시아 화교들 사이에서 널리 퍼져 있는 것도 한몫한다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="성모"><span id=".EC.84.B1.EB.AA.A8"></span>성모</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B4%91%EB%91%A5%EC%96%B4&action=edit&section=6" title="부분 편집: 성모"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable IPA" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" rowspan="2"></th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%85%EC%88%A0%EC%86%8C%EB%A6%AC" title="입술소리">순음</a></th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%98%EC%9D%8C" title="치음">치음</a></th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B2%BD%EA%B5%AC%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%8C" title="경구개음">경구개</a></th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%B0%EA%B5%AC%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%8C" title="연구개음">연구개</a></th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B1%EB%AC%B8%EC%9D%8C" title="성문음">성문</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>비원순</th> <th>원순 </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%97%B4%EC%9D%8C" title="파열음">파열음</a> </th> <th><span style="font-size:85%"><a href="/wiki/%EB%AC%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%9D%8C" title="무기음">무기음</a></span> </th> <td>/p/</td> <td>/t/</td> <td></td> <td>/k/</td> <td>/kʷ/</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:85%"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EA%B8%B0%EC%9D%8C" title="유기음">유기음</a></span> </th> <td>/pʰ/</td> <td>/tʰ/</td> <td></td> <td>/kʰ/</td> <td>/kʷʰ/</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%B0%B0%EC%9D%8C" title="파찰음">파찰음</a> </th> <th><span style="font-size:85%"><a href="/wiki/%EB%AC%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%9D%8C" title="무기음">무기음</a></span> </th> <td></td> <td>/ts/</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:85%"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EA%B8%B0%EC%9D%8C" title="유기음">유기음</a></span> </th> <td></td> <td>/tsʰ/</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EC%B0%B0%EC%9D%8C" title="마찰음">마찰</a> </th> <td>/f/</td> <td>/s/</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>/h/ </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EA%B0%95%EC%9D%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="비강음">비강</a> </th> <td>/m/</td> <td>/n/</td> <td></td> <td>/ŋ/</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%91%EA%B7%BC%EC%9D%8C" title="접근음">접근</a> </th> <td></td> <td>/l/</td> <td>/j/</td> <td></td> <td>/w/</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="보통화와의_음운적_차이"><span id=".EB.B3.B4.ED.86.B5.ED.99.94.EC.99.80.EC.9D.98_.EC.9D.8C.EC.9A.B4.EC.A0.81_.EC.B0.A8.EC.9D.B4"></span>보통화와의 음운적 차이</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B4%91%EB%91%A5%EC%96%B4&action=edit&section=7" title="부분 편집: 보통화와의 음운적 차이"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>그 외의 음운적 특질도 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%ED%86%B5%ED%99%94" class="mw-redirect" title="보통화">보통화</a>와 상당한 차이가 있다.</li> <li>개음이 존재하지 않는다.보통화에는 -i-, -u-, -y-와 같은 개음이 존재한다.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="권설음,_설면음"><span id=".EA.B6.8C.EC.84.A4.EC.9D.8C.2C_.EC.84.A4.EB.A9.B4.EC.9D.8C"></span>권설음, 설면음</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B4%91%EB%91%A5%EC%96%B4&action=edit&section=8" title="부분 편집: 권설음, 설면음"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>권설음, 설면음이 존재하지 않는다. 해당 자음은 설첨음으로 조음되는 경우가 많다. 보통화의 권설음, 설면음에 해당하는 광동어 성모에 혼란이 있다.</li> <li>설치음 성모 z, c, s는 i, yu 앞에 오면 설면음으로 발음된다. 따라서 설면음이 변이음으로서 존재한다. 그래서 광주화 병음방안에서는 이들 성모를 i, ü앞에서는 한어병음에서 동일한 발음이 나는 j, q, x로 표기하도록 하고 있다.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="사용_국가"><span id=".EC.82.AC.EC.9A.A9_.EA.B5.AD.EA.B0.80"></span>사용 국가</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B4%91%EB%91%A5%EC%96%B4&action=edit&section=9" title="부분 편집: 사용 국가"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="중화인민공화국의 기" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%ED%99%94%EC%9D%B8%EB%AF%BC%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD" title="중화인민공화국">중화인민공화국</a> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="홍콩의 기" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/22px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/33px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/44px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%ED%99%8D%EC%BD%A9" title="홍콩">홍콩</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Flag_of_Macau.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="마카오의 기" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/22px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/33px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/44px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EC%B9%B4%EC%98%A4" title="마카오">마카오</a> (공용어)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B4%91%EB%91%A5%EC%84%B1" title="광둥성">광둥성</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B4%91%EC%8B%9C_%EC%A2%A1%EC%A1%B1_%EC%9E%90%EC%B9%98%EA%B5%AC" title="광시 좡족 자치구">광시 좡족 자치구</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Flag_of_Malaysia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="말레이시아의 기" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%90%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84" title="말레이시아">말레이시아</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Flag_of_Singapore.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="싱가포르의 기" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/22px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/33px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/44px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%B1%EA%B0%80%ED%8F%AC%EB%A5%B4" title="싱가포르">싱가포르</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="같이_보기"><span id=".EA.B0.99.EC.9D.B4_.EB.B3.B4.EA.B8.B0"></span>같이 보기</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B4%91%EB%91%A5%EC%96%B4&action=edit&section=10" title="부분 편집: 같이 보기"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r38501082">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36480595">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%AF%B8%EB%94%94%EC%96%B4_%EA%B3%B5%EC%9A%A9" title="위키미디어 공용">위키미디어 공용</a></b>에 관련된<br />미디어 분류가 있습니다.<div style="padding-left:1em;"><b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cantonese_language?uselang=ko">광둥어</a></b></div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%ED%99%8D%EC%BD%A9%EC%9D%98_%EC%96%B8%EC%96%B4" title="홍콩의 언어">홍콩의 언어</a>·<a href="/wiki/%ED%99%8D%EC%BD%A9#문화" title="홍콩">문화</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%99%8D%EC%BD%A9_%EC%96%B8%EC%96%B4%ED%95%99_%ED%95%99%ED%9A%8C_%EC%9B%94%EC%96%B4_%EB%B3%91%EC%9D%8C_%EB%B0%A9%EC%95%88" title="홍콩 언어학 학회 월어 병음 방안">홍콩 언어학 학회 월어 병음 방안</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B4%91%EB%91%A5%EB%B3%91%EC%9D%8C%EB%B0%A9%EC%95%88" title="광둥병음방안">광둥병음방안</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%99%8D%EC%BD%A9%EC%96%B4" title="홍콩어">홍콩어</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="각주"><span id=".EA.B0.81.EC.A3.BC"></span>각주</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B4%91%EB%91%A5%EC%96%B4&action=edit&section=11" title="부분 편집: 각주"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r35556958">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.davidpbrown.co.uk/help/top-100-languages-by-population.html">Top 100 Languages by Population - First Language Speakers</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">여기서 방언이라 함은 상당 부분 국가주의(<a href="/wiki/%ED%95%98%EB%82%98%EC%9D%98_%EC%A4%91%EA%B5%AD" title="하나의 중국">하나의 중국</a>)가 개입된 정치적 구분으로, 광동어는 민난어 등 여타 중국어의 방언들과 마찬가지로 <a href="/wiki/%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EC%A4%91%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4" title="표준 중국어">표준 중국어</a>와 의사소통이 되지 않으며 문법적 차이도 존재한다. 따라서 외국의 중국어학자들은 각각을 별개의 언어로 분류하는 경우가 많다.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sousa2022-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Sousa2022_3-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Sousa2022_3-1">나</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Sousa2022_3-2">다</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Sousa2022_3-3">라</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Sousa2022_3-4">마</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Sousa2022_3-5">바</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">de Sousa, Hilário (2022). 〈The Expansion of Cantonese over the Last Two Centuries〉. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dIN-EAAAQBAJ">《The Palgrave Handbook of Chinese Language Studies》</a>. 487쪽. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2F978-981-13-6844-8_35-2">10.1007/978-981-13-6844-8_35-2</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-981-13-6844-8" title="특수:책찾기/978-981-13-6844-8"><bdi>978-981-13-6844-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%A7%A8%ED%8B%B1_%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%BC%EB%9D%BC" title="시맨틱 스칼라">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:244518738">244518738</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 2024년 1월 25일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Expansion+of+Cantonese+over+the+Last+Two+Centuries&rft.btitle=The+Palgrave+Handbook+of+Chinese+Language+Studies&rft.pages=487&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A244518738&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-981-13-6844-8_35-2&rft.isbn=978-981-13-6844-8&rft.aulast=de+Sousa&rft.aufirst=Hil%C3%A1rio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdIN-EAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B4%91%EB%91%A5%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Chan, Marjorie K.M. (2023). Lin, Chien-Jer Charles; Cherici, Alex; Chen, Bihua, 편집. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bpb-us-w2.wpmucdn.com/u.osu.edu/dist/7/1615/files/2023/12/Chan-M_2023_NACCL-34_D2-D3.pdf">“Challenges in D2 and D3 Acquisition: Dr. Sun Yat-Sen's 1924 Cantonese and Mandarin Audiorecordings”</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. 《Proceedings of the 34th North American Conference on Chinese Linguistics》<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2024년 1월 25일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+34th+North+American+Conference+on+Chinese+Linguistics&rft.atitle=Challenges+in+D2+and+D3+Acquisition%3A+Dr.+Sun+Yat-Sen%27s+1924+Cantonese+and+Mandarin+Audiorecordings&rft.date=2023&rft.aulast=Chan&rft.aufirst=Marjorie+K.M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbpb-us-w2.wpmucdn.com%2Fu.osu.edu%2Fdist%2F7%2F1615%2Ffiles%2F2023%2F12%2FChan-M_2023_NACCL-34_D2-D3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B4%91%EB%91%A5%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYue-Hashimoto197270-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYue-Hashimoto197270_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYue-Hashimoto1972">Yue-Hashimoto (1972)</a>, 70쪽.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfnp error: 대상 없음: CITEREFYue-Hashimoto1972 (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" class="extiw" title="en:Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Zhang, Jingwei (2019년 6월 13일). “Tone mergers in Cantonese: Evidence from Hong Kong, Macao, and Zhuhai”. 《Asia-Pacific Language Variation》 <b>5</b> (1): 28–49. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1075%2Faplv.18007.zha">10.1075/aplv.18007.zha</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%A7%A8%ED%8B%B1_%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%BC%EB%9D%BC" title="시맨틱 스칼라">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:197998897">197998897</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asia-Pacific+Language+Variation&rft.atitle=Tone+mergers+in+Cantonese%3A+Evidence+from+Hong+Kong%2C+Macao%2C+and+Zhuhai&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=28-49&rft.date=2019-06-13&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1075%2Faplv.18007.zha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A197998897&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Jingwei&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B4%91%EB%91%A5%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bordwell2000-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Bordwell2000_7-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Bordwell2000_7-1">나</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Bordwell, David (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/planethongkongpo0000bord">《Planet Hong Kong: popular cinema and the art of entertainment》</a>. Cambridge (Mass.) London: Harvard university press. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/0-674-00214-8" title="특수:책찾기/0-674-00214-8"><bdi>0-674-00214-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Planet+Hong+Kong%3A+popular+cinema+and+the+art+of+entertainment&rft.place=Cambridge+%28Mass.%29+London&rft.pub=Harvard+university+press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-674-00214-8&rft.aulast=Bordwell&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fplanethongkongpo0000bord&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B4%91%EB%91%A5%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sham2020-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Sham2020_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Sham, Ricky Y. H. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-15-2743-2_8">〈Cantonese Cameo: Pre-war Hong Kong Films and /ɿ/ Of Early Cantonese〉</a>. 《Chinese Culture in the 21st Century and its Global Dimensions》 <b>2</b>. 123–139쪽. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2F978-981-15-2743-2_8">10.1007/978-981-15-2743-2_8</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-981-15-2742-5" title="특수:책찾기/978-981-15-2742-5"><bdi>978-981-15-2742-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%A7%A8%ED%8B%B1_%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%BC%EB%9D%BC" title="시맨틱 스칼라">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:219427314">219427314</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 2024년 1월 25일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cantonese+Cameo%3A+Pre-war+Hong+Kong+Films+and+%2F%C9%BF%2F+Of+Early+Cantonese&rft.btitle=Chinese+Culture+in+the+21st+Century+and+its+Global+Dimensions&rft.pages=123-139&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A219427314&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-981-15-2743-2_8&rft.isbn=978-981-15-2742-5&rft.aulast=Sham&rft.aufirst=Ricky+Y.+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fchapter%2F10.1007%2F978-981-15-2743-2_8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B4%91%EB%91%A5%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZhangYang2004154-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZhangYang2004154_9-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZhangYang2004154_9-1">나</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZhangYang2004">Zhang & Yang (2004)</a>, 154쪽.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfnp error: 대상 없음: CITEREFZhangYang2004 (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" class="extiw" title="en:Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180129202058/http://www.basiclaw.gov.hk/en/basiclawtext/chapter_1.html">《Basic Law, Chapter I : General Principles》</a>, 2018년 1월 29일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.basiclaw.gov.hk/en/basiclawtext/chapter_1.html">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">, 2018년 1월 29일에 확인함</span> – basiclaw.gov.hk 경유</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Basic+Law%2C+Chapter+I+%3A+General+Principles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.basiclaw.gov.hk%2Fen%2Fbasiclawtext%2Fchapter_1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B4%91%EB%91%A5%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYue-Hashimoto19724-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYue-Hashimoto19724_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYue-Hashimoto1972">Yue-Hashimoto (1972)</a>, 4쪽.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfnp error: 대상 없음: CITEREFYue-Hashimoto1972 (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" class="extiw" title="en:Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERamsey19873–15-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamsey19873–15_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRamsey1987">Ramsey (1987)</a>, 3–15쪽.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfnp error: 대상 없음: CITEREFRamsey1987 (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" class="extiw" title="en:Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sarft-1-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-sarft-1_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110718220252/http://www.chinasarft.gov.cn/articles/2005/02/07/20070920151122290946.html">“Zhōngguó guǎngbò diànshì bòyīn yuán zhǔchí rén zhíyè dàodé zhǔnzé” <bdi lang="zh">中国广播电视播音员主持人职业道德准则</bdi> [Code of Professional Ethics of Radio and Television Hosts of China]</a> (중국어). <a href="/w/index.php?title=State_Administration_of_Radio,_Film,_and_Television&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="State Administration of Radio, Film, and Television (없는 문서)">Guojia guangbo dianying dianshì zongju</a>. 2005년 2월 7일. 2011년 7월 18일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinasarft.gov.cn/articles/2005/02/07/20070920151122290946.html">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2010년 7월 26일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Zh%C5%8Dnggu%C3%B3+gu%C7%8Engb%C3%B2+di%C3%A0nsh%C3%AC+b%C3%B2y%C4%ABn+yu%C3%A1n+zh%C7%94ch%C3%AD+r%C3%A9n+zh%C3%ADy%C3%A8+d%C3%A0od%C3%A9+zh%C7%94nz%C3%A9+%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%B9%BF%E6%92%AD%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86%E6%92%AD%E9%9F%B3%E5%91%98%E4%B8%BB%E6%8C%81%E4%BA%BA%E8%81%8C%E4%B8%9A%E9%81%93%E5%BE%B7%E5%87%86%E5%88%99&rft.pub=Guojia+guangbo+dianying+diansh%C3%AC+zongju&rft.date=2005-02-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinasarft.gov.cn%2Farticles%2F2005%2F02%2F07%2F20070920151122290946.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B4%91%EB%91%A5%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160229070713/http://www2.scut.edu.cn/s/49/t/486/p/11/c/852/d/866/list.htm">“Chinese Language Programes”</a>. 《South China University of Technology》. 2016년 2월 29일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.scut.edu.cn/s/49/t/486/p/11/c/852/d/866/list.htm">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+China+University+of+Technology&rft.atitle=Chinese+Language+Programes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.scut.edu.cn%2Fs%2F49%2Ft%2F486%2Fp%2F11%2Fc%2F852%2Fd%2F866%2Flist.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B4%91%EB%91%A5%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030717/http://www.sicas.cn/school/158/Course_6362.shtml">“Chinese Language”</a>. 《South China Normal University》. 2016년 3월 4일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sicas.cn/school/158/Course_6362.shtml">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+China+Normal+University&rft.atitle=Chinese+Language&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sicas.cn%2Fschool%2F158%2FCourse_6362.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B4%91%EB%91%A5%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mironline.ca/the-slow-death-of-chinas-dialects/">“The Slow Death of China's Dialects”</a>. 《The McGill International Review》. 2019년 2월 21일<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2021년 9월 11일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+McGill+International+Review&rft.atitle=The+Slow+Death+of+China%27s+Dialects&rft.date=2019-02-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mironline.ca%2Fthe-slow-death-of-chinas-dialects%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B4%91%EB%91%A5%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Wong, Edward (2010년 7월 26일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180924073706/https://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/27/world/asia/27cantonese.html">“Move to Limit Cantonese on Chinese TV Is Assailed”</a>. 《The New York Times》. 2018년 9월 24일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/27/world/asia/27cantonese.html">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2018년 9월 24일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Move+to+Limit+Cantonese+on+Chinese+TV+Is+Assailed&rft.date=2010-07-26&rft.aulast=Wong&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F07%2F27%2Fworld%2Fasia%2F27cantonese.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B4%91%EB%91%A5%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sixthtone.com/news/1008922/cantons-unease-as-mandarin-spreads%2C-locals-face-identity-crisis">“Canton's Unease: As Mandarin Spreads, Locals Face Identity Crisis”</a>. 2021년 11월 10일.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Canton%27s+Unease%3A+As+Mandarin+Spreads%2C+Locals+Face+Identity+Crisis&rft.date=2021-11-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sixthtone.com%2Fnews%2F1008922%2Fcantons-unease-as-mandarin-spreads%252C-locals-face-identity-crisis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B4%91%EB%91%A5%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">侍, 建国 (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yyzlyj.cp.com.cn/CN/abstract/abstract180.shtml">“广州人语言态度与粤语认同传承”</a>. 《语言战略研究》 <b>3</b> (3): 34–41. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.19689%2Fj.cnki.cn10-1361%2Fh.20180304">10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20180304</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E6%88%98%E7%95%A5%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&rft.atitle=%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E%E4%BA%BA%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E6%80%81%E5%BA%A6%E4%B8%8E%E7%B2%A4%E8%AF%AD%E8%AE%A4%E5%90%8C%E4%BC%A0%E6%89%BF&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=34-41&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.19689%2Fj.cnki.cn10-1361%2Fh.20180304&rft.aulast=%E4%BE%8D&rft.aufirst=%E5%BB%BA%E5%9B%BD&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fyyzlyj.cp.com.cn%2FCN%2Fabstract%2Fabstract180.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B4%91%EB%91%A5%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">West, Barbara A. (2009). 《Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania》. Facts on File. 289–290쪽. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-0816071098" title="특수:책찾기/978-0816071098"><bdi>978-0816071098</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Peoples+of+Asia+and+Oceania&rft.pages=289-290&rft.pub=Facts+on+File&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0816071098&rft.aulast=West&rft.aufirst=Barbara+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B4%91%EB%91%A5%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> eBook: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r38117996">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-1438119137" title="특수:책찾기/978-1438119137">978-1438119137</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">국가 공용어는 아니지만, 대부분의 인구가 사용한다.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">국가 공용어는 아니지만 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A2%A1%EC%96%B4" title="좡어">좡어</a>와 같이 지방언어로 사용된다.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">국가 공용어는 아니지만, <a href="/wiki/%ED%99%94%EA%B5%90" title="화교">화교</a>의 일부가 사용</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">국가 공용어는 아니지만, <a href="/wiki/%ED%99%94%EA%B5%90" title="화교">화교</a>의 일부가 사용</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="외부_링크"><span id=".EC.99.B8.EB.B6.80_.EB.A7.81.ED.81.AC"></span>외부 링크</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B4%91%EB%91%A5%EC%96%B4&action=edit&section=12" title="부분 편집: 외부 링크"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r38501082"><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480595"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, 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