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</a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography_and_geology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography and geology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography_and_geology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Settlements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Settlements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Settlements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Settlements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prehistory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prehistory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Prehistory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prehistory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Scandinavian_colonisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scandinavian_colonisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Scandinavian colonisation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scandinavian_colonisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Increased_Scottish_interest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Increased_Scottish_interest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Increased Scottish interest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Increased_Scottish_interest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Absorption_by_Scotland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Absorption_by_Scotland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Absorption by Scotland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Absorption_by_Scotland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-18th_and_19th_centuries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#18th_and_19th_centuries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>18th and 19th centuries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-18th_and_19th_centuries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fishing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fishing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Fishing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fishing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Energy_and_fossil_fuels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energy_and_fossil_fuels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Energy and fossil fuels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energy_and_fossil_fuels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Farming_and_textiles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Farming_and_textiles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Farming and textiles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Farming_and_textiles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Effect_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Effect_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5.1</span> <span>Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Effect_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Quarries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quarries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Quarries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quarries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.7</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Governance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Governance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Governance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Administrative_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Administrative history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parishes_and_communities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parishes_and_communities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Parishes and communities</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Parishes_and_communities-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Parishes and communities subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Parishes_and_communities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Community_councils" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Community_councils"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Community councils</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Community_councils-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Churches_and_religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Churches_and_religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Churches and religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Churches_and_religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flag" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flag"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Flag</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flag-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Local_culture_and_the_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_culture_and_the_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Local culture and the arts</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Local_culture_and_the_arts-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Local culture and the arts subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Local_culture_and_the_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.2</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Writers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Writers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.3</span> <span>Writers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Writers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Films_and_television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Films_and_television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.4</span> <span>Films and television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Films_and_television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wildlife" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wildlife"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Wildlife</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Wildlife-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Wildlife subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Wildlife-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Flora" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flora"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15.1</span> <span>Flora</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flora-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15.2</span> <span>Fauna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Domesticated_animals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Domesticated_animals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15.3</span> <span>Domesticated animals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Domesticated_animals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-See_also-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle See also subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16.1</span> <span>Lists</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-About_Shetland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#About_Shetland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16.2</span> <span>About Shetland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-About_Shetland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Others" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Others"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16.3</span> <span>Others</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Others-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-General_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18.1</span> <span>General references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">20</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Shetland</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 88 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-88" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">88 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shetland" title="Shetland – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Shetland" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geltland" title="Geltland – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Geltland" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF" title="شتلاند – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شتلاند" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islas_Shetland" title="Islas Shetland – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Islas Shetland" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islles_Shetland" title="Islles Shetland – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Islles Shetland" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eetland_adalar%C4%B1" title="Şetland adaları – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şetland adaları" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1" title="শেটল্যান্ড – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="শেটল্যান্ড" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shetland" title="Shetland – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Shetland" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Шэтландскія астравы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Шэтландскія астравы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Шэтландзкія астравы – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Шэтландзкія астравы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Шетландски острови – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Шетландски острови" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shetland" title="Shetland – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Shetland" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illes_Shetland" title="Illes Shetland – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Illes Shetland" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shetland_Islands" title="Shetland Islands – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Shetland Islands" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shetlandy" title="Shetlandy – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Shetlandy" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shetland" title="Shetland – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Shetland" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shetlands%C3%B8erne" title="Shetlandsøerne – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Shetlandsøerne" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shetlandinseln" title="Shetlandinseln – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Shetlandinseln" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shetland" title="Shetland – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Shetland" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shetlandi_saared" title="Shetlandi saared – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Shetlandi saared" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%AD%CF%84%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84" title="Σέτλαντ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σέτλαντ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shetland" title="Shetland – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Shetland" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Cetlandaj_Insuloj" title="Ŝetlandaj Insuloj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ŝetlandaj Insuloj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shetlandak" title="Shetlandak – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Shetlandak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF" title="شتلند – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شتلند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shetland_Islands" title="Shetland Islands – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Shetland Islands" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hetland" title="Hetland – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Hetland" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shetland" title="Shetland – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Shetland" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjetl%C3%A2neilannen" title="Sjetlâneilannen – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Sjetlâneilannen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inse_Shealtainn" title="Inse Shealtainn – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Inse Shealtainn" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shetlynn" title="Shetlynn – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Shetlynn" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sealtainn" title="Sealtainn – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Sealtainn" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illas_Shetland" title="Illas Shetland – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Illas Shetland" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%85%B0%ED%8B%80%EB%9E%9C%EB%93%9C_%EC%A0%9C%EB%8F%84" title="셰틀랜드 제도 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="셰틀랜드 제도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%87%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AF%D5%B2%D5%A6%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Շետլանդյան կղզիներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Շետլանդյան կղզիներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shetlandske_kupy" title="Shetlandske kupy – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Shetlandske kupy" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shetlandsko_oto%C4%8Dje" title="Shetlandsko otočje – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Shetlandsko otočje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insuli_Shetland" title="Insuli Shetland – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Insuli Shetland" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shetland" title="Shetland – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Shetland" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B4%C3%A6%D1%85%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Шетланды сакъадæхтæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Шетланды сакъадæхтæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hjaltlandseyjar" title="Hjaltlandseyjar – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hjaltlandseyjar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isole_Shetland" title="Isole Shetland – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Isole Shetland" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%99_%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%93" title="איי שטלנד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="איי שטלנד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Шетланд аралдары – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Шетланд аралдары" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visiwa_vya_Shetland" title="Visiwa vya Shetland – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Visiwa vya Shetland" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shetland" title="Shetland – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Shetland" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Шетленд аралдары – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Шетленд аралдары" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aemodae_Insulae" title="Aemodae Insulae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Aemodae Insulae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0etlendas_salas" title="Šetlendas salas – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Šetlendas salas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0etlando_salos" title="Šetlando salos – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šetlando salos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shetland-szigetek" title="Shetland-szigetek – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Shetland-szigetek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Шетландски Острови – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Шетландски Острови" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D" title="ഷെറ്റ്‌ലാൻഡ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഷെറ്റ്‌ലാൻഡ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%A1" title="शेटलँड – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="शेटलँड" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shetlandeilanden" title="Shetlandeilanden – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Shetlandeilanden" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjetlaand" title="Sjetlaand – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Sjetlaand" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A7%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E8%AB%B8%E5%B3%B6" title="シェトランド諸島 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シェトランド諸島" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shetland_Eilunen" title="Shetland Eilunen – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Shetland Eilunen" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shetland" title="Shetland – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Shetland" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shetlands%C3%B8yane" title="Shetlandsøyane – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Shetlandsøyane" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shetland" title="Shetland – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Shetland" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shetlend_orollari" title="Shetlend orollari – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Shetlend orollari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88" title="شٹلینڈ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="شٹلینڈ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%BC%D9%84%D9%86%DA%89" title="شټلنډ – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="شټلنډ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szetlandy" title="Szetlandy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Szetlandy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shetland" title="Shetland – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Shetland" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shetland" title="Shetland – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Shetland" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Шетландские острова – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шетландские острова" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shetland" title="Shetland – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Shetland" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shetland" title="Shetland – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Shetland" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shetland" title="Shetland – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Shetland" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shetlandy" title="Shetlandy – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Shetlandy" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shetlandski_otoki" title="Shetlandski otoki – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Shetlandski otoki" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Шетландска острва – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Шетландска острва" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shetland" title="Shetland – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Shetland" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shetlandinsaaret" title="Shetlandinsaaret – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Shetlandinsaaret" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shetlands%C3%B6arna" title="Shetlandsöarna – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Shetlandsöarna" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shetland" title="Shetland – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Shetland" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shetland" title="Shetland – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Shetland" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Шетландські острови – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Шетландські острови" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%B9_%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88" title="شیٹ لینڈ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="شیٹ لینڈ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shetland" title="Shetland – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Shetland" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shetland" title="Shetland – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Shetland" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AE%BE%E5%BE%97%E5%85%B0" title="设得兰 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="设得兰" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93" title="שעטלאנד – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="שעטלאנד" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%94%E5%BE%B7%E8%98%AD" title="昔德蘭 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="昔德蘭" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0etlanda_salas" title="Šetlanda salas – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Šetlanda salas" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AE%BE%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%B0" title="设德兰 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="设德兰" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Shetland&params=60_20_N_1_20_W_type:isle_region:GB_dim:500000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">60°20′N</span> <span class="longitude">1°20′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">60.333°N 1.333°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">60.333; -1.333</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shetland_Islands&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Shetland Islands">Shetland Islands</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Archipelago in the Northern Atlantic</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Shetland_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Shetland (disambiguation)">Shetland (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Hjaltland" redirects here. For the passenger ferry operated by <a href="/wiki/NorthLink_Ferries" title="NorthLink Ferries">NorthLink Ferries</a>, see <a href="/wiki/MV_Hjaltland" title="MV Hjaltland">MV Hjaltland</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title">Shetland</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.2em;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a> name</th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><i lang="gd">Sealtainn<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.2em;line-height:1.2em;">Pronunciation</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="gd-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Help:IPA/Scottish Gaelic">[ˈʃalˠ̪t̪ɪɲ]</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.2em;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Scots_language" title="Scots language">Scots</a> name</th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><span title="Scots-language text"><i lang="sco">Shetland (Shitlin, <a href="/wiki/Insular_Scots" title="Insular Scots">Insular Scots</a>)</i></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.2em;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a> name</th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non">Hjaltland</i></span></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.2em;line-height:1.2em;">Meaning of name</th><td class="infobox-data">'<a href="/wiki/Hilt" title="Hilt">Hiltland</a>'</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="display: table; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse;"> <div style="display: table-cell;"><figure class="mw-halign-center mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Shetland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Shetland.svg/125px-Flag_of_Shetland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Shetland.svg/188px-Flag_of_Shetland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Shetland.svg/250px-Flag_of_Shetland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Shetland" title="Flag of Shetland">Flag</a></div></div> <div style="display: table-cell;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Shetland.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/08/Coat_of_arms_of_Shetland.png/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_Shetland.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/08/Coat_of_arms_of_Shetland.png/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_Shetland.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/08/Coat_of_arms_of_Shetland.png/160px-Coat_of_arms_of_Shetland.png 2x" data-file-width="293" data-file-height="236" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><div>Coat of arms</div></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Location</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shetland_UK_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Shetland_UK_relief_location_map.jpg/255px-Shetland_UK_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="255" height="485" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Shetland_UK_relief_location_map.jpg/383px-Shetland_UK_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Shetland_UK_relief_location_map.jpg/510px-Shetland_UK_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1999" data-file-height="3802" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:255px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:255px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:255px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Scotland_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shetland is located in Scotland"><img alt="Shetland is located in Scotland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Scotland_relief_location_map.jpg/255px-Scotland_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="255" height="335" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Scotland_relief_location_map.jpg/383px-Scotland_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Scotland_relief_location_map.jpg/510px-Scotland_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1128" data-file-height="1483" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:10.262%;left:88.893%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Shetland"><img alt="Shetland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Shetland</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Shetland shown within Scotland</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.2em;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Survey_National_Grid" title="Ordnance Survey National Grid">OS grid reference</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Shetland&params=60.348748_N_1.222696_W_region:GB_scale:25000&title=Shetland">HU4363</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.2em;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Shetland&params=60_20_N_1_20_W_type:isle_region:GB_dim:500000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">60°20′N</span> <span class="longitude">1°20′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">60.333°N 1.333°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">60.333; -1.333</span></span></span></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:GB" title="ISO 3166-2:GB">ISO Code</a>: GB-ZET</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Physical geography</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.2em;line-height:1.2em;">Island group</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Isles" title="Northern Isles">Northern Isles</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.2em;line-height:1.2em;">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">1,467 km<sup>2</sup> (566 sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.2em;line-height:1.2em;">Highest elevation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ronas_Hill" title="Ronas Hill">Ronas Hill</a> 450 m (1,480 ft)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Administration</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.2em;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Scotland" title="Subdivisions of Scotland">Council area</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shetland_Islands_Council" title="Shetland Islands Council">Shetland Islands Council</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.2em;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.2em;line-height:1.2em;">Sovereign state</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Scotland" title="Demographics of Scotland">Demographics</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.2em;line-height:1.2em;">Population</th><td class="infobox-data">23,020 (2022)<sup id="cite_ref-popstats_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-popstats-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.2em;line-height:1.2em;">Population density</th><td class="infobox-data">16/km<sup>2</sup> (41/sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.2em;line-height:1.2em;">Largest settlement</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lerwick" title="Lerwick">Lerwick</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Lymphad"><img alt="Lymphad" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Lymphad3.svg/25px-Lymphad3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Lymphad3.svg/39px-Lymphad3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Lymphad3.svg/51px-Lymphad3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="177" data-file-height="174" /></span></span></th></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Shetland</b>, also called the <b>Shetland Islands</b>, is an <a href="/wiki/Archipelago" title="Archipelago">archipelago</a> in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> lying between <a href="/wiki/Orkney" title="Orkney">Orkney</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>. It is the northernmost region of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>. </p><p>The islands lie about 50 miles (80 kilometres) to the northeast of Orkney, 110 mi (170 km) from mainland Scotland and 140 mi (220 km) west of Norway. They form part of the border between the Atlantic Ocean to the west and the <a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a> to the east. Their total area is 1,467 km<sup>2</sup> (566 sq mi), and the population totalled 23,020 in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-popstats_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-popstats-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The islands comprise the <a href="/wiki/Shetland_(Scottish_Parliament_constituency)" title="Shetland (Scottish Parliament constituency)">Shetland constituency</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Parliament" title="Scottish Parliament">Scottish Parliament</a>. Shetland forms one of the 32 <a href="/wiki/Council_areas" class="mw-redirect" title="Council areas">council areas</a> of Scotland; the local authority is the <a href="/wiki/Shetland_Islands_Council" title="Shetland Islands Council">Shetland Islands Council</a>. The islands' administrative centre, largest settlement and only <a href="/wiki/Burgh" title="Burgh">burgh</a> is <a href="/wiki/Lerwick" title="Lerwick">Lerwick</a>, which has been the capital of Shetland since 1708, before which time the capital was <a href="/wiki/Scalloway" title="Scalloway">Scalloway</a>. </p><p>The archipelago has an <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic climate</a>, complex geology, rugged coastline, and many low, rolling hills. The largest island, known as "<a href="/wiki/The_Mainland,_Shetland" class="mw-redirect" title="The Mainland, Shetland">the Mainland</a>", has an area of 373 sq mi (967 km<sup>2</sup>),<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_the_British_Isles_by_area" class="mw-redirect" title="List of the British Isles by area">fifth-largest</a> island in the <a href="/wiki/British_Isles" title="British Isles">British Isles</a>. It is one of 16 inhabited islands in Shetland. </p><p>Humans have lived in Shetland since the <a href="/wiki/Mesolithic" title="Mesolithic">Mesolithic</a> period. <a href="/wiki/Picts" title="Picts">Picts</a> are known to have been the original inhabitants of the islands, before the Norse conquest and subsequent colonisation in the <a href="/wiki/Early_Middle_Ages" title="Early Middle Ages">Early Middle Ages</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From the 10th to 15th centuries, the islands formed part of the <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Kingdom of Norway</a>. In 1472, the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Scotland" title="Parliament of Scotland">Parliament of Scotland</a> absorbed the Lordship of Shetland into the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland" title="Kingdom of Scotland">Kingdom of Scotland</a>, following the failure to pay a <a href="/wiki/Dowry" title="Dowry">dowry</a> promised to <a href="/wiki/James_III_of_Scotland" title="James III of Scotland">James III of Scotland</a> by the family of his bride, <a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Denmark,_Queen_of_Scotland" title="Margaret of Denmark, Queen of Scotland">Margaret of Denmark</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Scotland and England united in 1707 to form the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Kingdom of Great Britain</a>, trade between Shetland and continental <a href="/wiki/Northern_Europe" title="Northern Europe">Northern Europe</a> decreased. The discovery of <a href="/wiki/North_Sea_oil" title="North Sea oil">North Sea oil</a> in the 1970s significantly boosted Shetland's economy, employment and public-sector revenues.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fishing has always been an important part of the islands' economy. </p><p>The local way of life reflects the Norse heritage of the isles, including the <a href="/wiki/Up_Helly_Aa" title="Up Helly Aa">Up Helly Aa</a> fire festivals and a strong musical tradition, especially the traditional <a href="/wiki/Fiddle" title="Fiddle">fiddle</a> style. Almost all place names in the islands have Norse origin.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The islands have produced a variety of prose writers and poets, who have often written in the distinctive <a href="/wiki/Shetland_dialect" title="Shetland dialect">Shetland dialect</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Scots_language" title="Scots language">Scots language</a>. Many areas on the islands have been set aside to protect the local <a href="/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna">fauna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flora" title="Flora">flora</a>, including a number of important seabird nesting sites. The <a href="/wiki/Shetland_pony" title="Shetland pony">Shetland pony</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shetland_Sheepdog" title="Shetland Sheepdog">Shetland Sheepdog</a> are two well-known <a href="/wiki/Shetland_animal_breeds" title="Shetland animal breeds">Shetland animal breeds</a>. Other animals with local breeds include the <a href="/wiki/Shetland_sheep" title="Shetland sheep">Shetland sheep</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shetland_cattle" title="Shetland cattle">cow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shetland_goose" title="Shetland goose">goose</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Shetland_duck" title="Shetland duck">duck</a>. The Shetland pig, or <a href="/wiki/Grice" title="Grice">grice</a>, has been extinct since about 1930. </p><p>The islands' motto, which appears on the Council's <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">coat of arms</a>, is "<span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">Með lögum skal land byggja</i></span>" ("By law shall the land be built").<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The phrase is of <a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a> origin, is mentioned in <i><a href="/wiki/Nj%C3%A1ls_saga" title="Njáls saga">Njáls saga</a></i>, and was likely borrowed from provincial Norwegian laws such as the <a href="/wiki/Frostathing_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Frostathing Law">Frostathing Law</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shetland&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shetland2022OSM.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Shetland2022OSM.png/220px-Shetland2022OSM.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="322" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Shetland2022OSM.png/330px-Shetland2022OSM.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Shetland2022OSM.png/440px-Shetland2022OSM.png 2x" data-file-width="4185" data-file-height="6133" /></a><figcaption>Detailed map of Shetland, labelling many placenames</figcaption></figure> <p>The name <i>Shetland</i> may derive from the <a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a> words <span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non">hjalt</i></span> ('<a href="/wiki/Hilt" title="Hilt">hilt</a>'), and <span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non">land</i></span> ('land'), the popular and traditional claim. Another possibility is that the first syllable is derived from the name of an ancient <a href="/wiki/Celtic_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Celtic tribe">Celtic tribe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-å_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-å-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Andrew Jennings has suggested a link with the <a href="/wiki/Caledones" class="mw-redirect" title="Caledones">Caledones</a>. </p><p>In AD 43, the Roman author <a href="/wiki/Pomponius_Mela" title="Pomponius Mela">Pomponius Mela</a> made reference in his writing to seven islands he called the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Haemodae</i></span>. In AD 77, <a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny the Elder</a> called these same lands the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Acmodae</i></span>. Scholars have inferred that both of these references are to islands in the Shetland group. Another possible early written reference to the islands is <a href="/wiki/Tacitus" title="Tacitus">Tacitus</a>' report in <i><a href="/wiki/Agricola_(book)" title="Agricola (book)">Agricola</a></i> in AD 98. After he described the Roman discovery and conquest of Orkney, he added that the Roman fleet had seen "<a href="/wiki/Thule" title="Thule">Thule</a>, too".<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Old_Irish" title="Old Irish">early Irish</a> literature, Shetland is referred to as <span title="Old Irish (to 900)-language text"><i lang="sga">Insi Catt</i></span> — "the Isles of Cats" (meaning the island inhabited by the tribe called <i>Cat</i>). This may have been the pre-Norse inhabitants' name for the islands. Cat was the name of a Pictish people who occupied parts of the northern Scottish mainland (see <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cat" title="Kingdom of Cat">Kingdom of Cat</a>); and their name survives in the names of the county of <a href="/wiki/Caithness" title="Caithness">Caithness</a> and in the Scottish Gaelic name for <a href="/wiki/Sutherland" title="Sutherland">Sutherland</a>, <span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><i lang="gd">Cataibh</i></span>, which means "among the Cats".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The oldest known version of the modern name Shetland is <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Hetland</i></span>; this may represent "Catland", the Germanic language softening the <i>C-</i> to <i>H-</i> according to <a href="/wiki/Grimm%27s_law" title="Grimm's law">Grimm's law</a> (also coinciding with Jennings' hypothesis for the early sound shift necessary for descent from <i>*kalid-</i> to <i>*halit-</i>, from <i>Caledones</i>). It occurs in a letter written by Harald, earl of Orkney, Shetland and Caithness, in ca. 1190.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1431, the islands were being referred to as <i>Hetland</i>, after various intermediate transformations. It is possible that the <a href="/wiki/Picts" title="Picts">Pictish</a> "cat" sound contributed to this <a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Norse</a> name. In the 16th century, Shetland was referred to as <span title="Norn-language text"><i lang="nrn">Hjaltland</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-G21_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G21-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-S9_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-S9-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gradually, the Scandinavian <a href="/wiki/Norn_language" title="Norn language">Norn language</a> previously spoken by the inhabitants of the islands was replaced by the Shetland dialect of <a href="/wiki/Scots_language" title="Scots language">Scots</a> and <span title="Norn-language text"><i lang="nrn">Hjaltland</i></span> became <span title="Scots-language text"><i lang="sco">Ȝetland</i></span>. The initial letter is the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Scots" title="Middle Scots">Middle Scots</a> letter, <i><a href="/wiki/Yogh" title="Yogh">yogh</a></i>, the pronunciation of which is almost identical to the original Norn sound, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/hj/</span>. When the use of the letter yogh was discontinued, it was often replaced by the similar-looking letter <a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">z</a> (which at the time was usually rendered with a curled tail: ⟨ʒ⟩) hence <span title="Scots-language text"><i lang="sco">Zetland</i></span>, the form used in the name of the pre-1975 <a href="/wiki/Traditional_counties_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional counties of Scotland">county council</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is the source of the <a href="/wiki/ZE_postcode_area" title="ZE postcode area">ZE postcode</a> used for Shetland. </p><p>Most of the individual islands have <a href="/wiki/Norse_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Norse language">Norse</a> names, although the derivations of some are obscure and may represent pre-Norse, <a href="/wiki/Pictish_language" title="Pictish language">Pictish</a>, or even pre-<a href="/wiki/Celtic_languages" title="Celtic languages">Celtic</a> names or elements.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography_and_geology">Geography and geology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shetland&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geography and geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Shetland_islands" title="List of Shetland islands">List of Shetland islands</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lerwick_from_Staney_Hill._-_Remy_Osman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Lerwick_from_Staney_Hill._-_Remy_Osman.jpg/250px-Lerwick_from_Staney_Hill._-_Remy_Osman.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Lerwick_from_Staney_Hill._-_Remy_Osman.jpg/375px-Lerwick_from_Staney_Hill._-_Remy_Osman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Lerwick_from_Staney_Hill._-_Remy_Osman.jpg/500px-Lerwick_from_Staney_Hill._-_Remy_Osman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lerwick" title="Lerwick">Lerwick</a> is Shetland's largest settlement</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gulberwick_IMG_3157_(20121529905).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Gulberwick_IMG_3157_%2820121529905%29.jpg/250px-Gulberwick_IMG_3157_%2820121529905%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Gulberwick_IMG_3157_%2820121529905%29.jpg/375px-Gulberwick_IMG_3157_%2820121529905%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Gulberwick_IMG_3157_%2820121529905%29.jpg/500px-Gulberwick_IMG_3157_%2820121529905%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4245" data-file-height="2341" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mainland,_Shetland" title="Mainland, Shetland">Mainland, Shetland</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Baliasta_and_Baltasound_from_Houlland_-_geograph.org.uk_-_921747.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Baliasta_and_Baltasound_from_Houlland_-_geograph.org.uk_-_921747.jpg/250px-Baliasta_and_Baltasound_from_Houlland_-_geograph.org.uk_-_921747.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Baliasta_and_Baltasound_from_Houlland_-_geograph.org.uk_-_921747.jpg/375px-Baliasta_and_Baltasound_from_Houlland_-_geograph.org.uk_-_921747.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Baliasta_and_Baltasound_from_Houlland_-_geograph.org.uk_-_921747.jpg/500px-Baliasta_and_Baltasound_from_Houlland_-_geograph.org.uk_-_921747.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="422" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Unst" title="Unst">Unst</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Shetland is around 106 miles (170 kilometres) north of Great Britain and 143 mi (230 km) west of <a href="/wiki/Bergen" title="Bergen">Bergen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>. It covers an area of 567 sq mi (1,468 km<sup>2</sup>) and has a coastline 1,679 mi (2,702 km) long.<sup id="cite_ref-SIC4_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIC4-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Lerwick" title="Lerwick">Lerwick</a>, the capital and largest settlement, has a population of 6,958. About half of the archipelago's total population of 22,920 people<sup id="cite_ref-NRoS_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NRoS-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> live within 10 mi (16 km) of the town.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Scalloway" title="Scalloway">Scalloway</a> on the west coast, which was the capital until 1708, has a population of fewer than 1,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-Shetland_Islands_Council_2010_p._10_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shetland_Islands_Council_2010_p._10-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Only 16 of about 100 islands are inhabited. The main island of the group is known as <a href="/wiki/Mainland,_Shetland" title="Mainland, Shetland">Mainland</a>. The next largest are <a href="/wiki/Yell_(island)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yell (island)">Yell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unst" title="Unst">Unst</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fetlar" title="Fetlar">Fetlar</a>, which lie to the north, and <a href="/wiki/Bressay" title="Bressay">Bressay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Whalsay" title="Whalsay">Whalsay</a>, which lie to the east. <a href="/wiki/East_Burra" title="East Burra">East</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Burra" title="West Burra">West Burra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muckle_Roe" title="Muckle Roe">Muckle Roe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papa_Stour" title="Papa Stour">Papa Stour</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trondra" title="Trondra">Trondra</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vaila" title="Vaila">Vaila</a> are smaller islands to the west of Mainland. The other inhabited islands are <a href="/wiki/Foula" title="Foula">Foula</a> 17 mi (28 km) west of <a href="/wiki/Walls,_Shetland" title="Walls, Shetland">Walls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fair_Isle" title="Fair Isle">Fair Isle</a> 24 mi (38 km) south-west of <a href="/wiki/Sumburgh_Head" title="Sumburgh Head">Sumburgh Head</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Out_Skerries" title="Out Skerries">Out Skerries</a> to the east.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The uninhabited islands include <a href="/wiki/Mousa" title="Mousa">Mousa</a>, known for the <a href="/wiki/Broch_of_Mousa" title="Broch of Mousa">Broch of Mousa</a>, the finest preserved example of an <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a> <a href="/wiki/Broch" title="Broch">broch</a>; <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Noss" title="Isle of Noss">Noss</a> to the east of <a href="/wiki/Bressay" title="Bressay">Bressay</a>, which has been a national nature reserve since 1955; <a href="/wiki/St_Ninian%27s_Isle" title="St Ninian's Isle">St Ninian's Isle</a>, connected to Mainland by the largest active <a href="/wiki/Tombolo" title="Tombolo">tombolo</a> in the United Kingdom; and <a href="/wiki/Out_Stack" title="Out Stack">Out Stack</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Extreme points of the United Kingdom">northernmost</a> point of the <a href="/wiki/British_Isles" title="British Isles">British Isles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OS_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OS-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shetland's location means that it provides a number of such records: <a href="/wiki/Muness_Castle" title="Muness Castle">Muness</a> is the most northerly castle in the United Kingdom and <a href="/wiki/Skaw,_Unst" title="Skaw, Unst">Skaw</a> the most northerly settlement.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shetland_geology_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Shetland_geology_map.png/250px-Shetland_geology_map.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="359" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Shetland_geology_map.png/375px-Shetland_geology_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Shetland_geology_map.png/500px-Shetland_geology_map.png 2x" data-file-width="2465" data-file-height="3543" /></a><figcaption>Shetland geological map</figcaption></figure> <p>The geology of Shetland is complex, with numerous <a href="/wiki/Fault_(geology)" title="Fault (geology)">faults</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fold_(geology)#Describing_folds" title="Fold (geology)">fold axes</a>. These islands are the northern outpost of the <a href="/wiki/Caledonian_orogeny" title="Caledonian orogeny">Caledonian orogeny</a>, and there are outcrops of <a href="/wiki/Lewisian_complex" title="Lewisian complex">Lewisian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dalradian" title="Dalradian">Dalradian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moine_Supergroup" class="mw-redirect" title="Moine Supergroup">Moine</a> metamorphic rocks with histories similar to their equivalents on the Scottish mainland. There are also <a href="/wiki/Old_Red_Sandstone" title="Old Red Sandstone">Old Red Sandstone</a> deposits and <a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">granite</a> intrusions. The most distinctive feature is the <a href="/wiki/Ophiolite" title="Ophiolite">ophiolite</a> in Unst and Fetlar which is a remnant of the <a href="/wiki/Iapetus_Ocean" title="Iapetus Ocean">Iapetus Ocean</a> floor made up of <a href="/wiki/Ultramafic" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultramafic">ultrabasic</a> <a href="/wiki/Peridotite" title="Peridotite">peridotite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gabbro" title="Gabbro">gabbro</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Much of Shetland's economy depends on the oil-bearing sediments in the surrounding seas.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Geological evidence shows that in around 6100 BC a <a href="/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami">tsunami</a> caused by the <a href="/wiki/Storegga_Slide" title="Storegga Slide">Storegga Slide</a> hit Shetland, as well as the west coast of Norway, and may have created a wave of up to 25 m (82 ft) high in the <a href="/wiki/Firth" title="Firth">voes</a> where modern populations are highest.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The highest point of Shetland is <a href="/wiki/Ronas_Hill" title="Ronas Hill">Ronas Hill</a> at 450 m (1,480 ft). The <a href="/wiki/Pleistocene" title="Pleistocene">Pleistocene</a> glaciations entirely covered the islands. During that period, the Stanes of Stofast, a 2000-tonne <a href="/wiki/Glacial_erratic" title="Glacial erratic">glacial erratic</a>, came to rest on a prominent hilltop in <a href="/wiki/Lunnasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunnasting">Lunnasting</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It has been estimated that there are about 275 <a href="/wiki/Stack_(geology)" title="Stack (geology)">sea stacks</a> in Scotland of which circa 110 are located around the coasts of Shetland. For many of them there is no record of there having been any attempt by <a href="/wiki/Rock_climbing" title="Rock climbing">rock climbers</a> to ascend them.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMellor20205–6_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMellor20205–6-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMellor2020184_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMellor2020184-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shetland has a <a href="/wiki/National_scenic_area_(Scotland)" title="National scenic area (Scotland)">national scenic area</a> which, unusually, includes a number of discrete locations: Fair Isle, Foula, South West Mainland (including the <a href="/wiki/Scalloway_Islands" title="Scalloway Islands">Scalloway Islands</a>), Muckle Roe, <a href="/wiki/Esha_Ness_Lighthouse" title="Esha Ness Lighthouse">Esha Ness</a>, Fethaland and <a href="/wiki/Hermaness" title="Hermaness">Herma Ness</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The total area covered by the designation is 41,833 <a href="/wiki/Hectares" class="mw-redirect" title="Hectares">ha</a>, of which 26,347 ha is marine (i.e. below low tide).<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2018, legislation came into force in Scotland to prevent public bodies, without good reason, showing Shetland in a separate box in maps, as had often been the practice. The legislation requires the islands to be "displayed in a manner that accurately and proportionately represents their geographical location in relation to the rest of Scotland", so as make clear the islands' real distance from other areas.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shetland&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Starry_Nights_IMG_5868_(23146012374).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Starry_Nights_IMG_5868_%2823146012374%29.jpg/250px-Starry_Nights_IMG_5868_%2823146012374%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Starry_Nights_IMG_5868_%2823146012374%29.jpg/375px-Starry_Nights_IMG_5868_%2823146012374%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Starry_Nights_IMG_5868_%2823146012374%29.jpg/500px-Starry_Nights_IMG_5868_%2823146012374%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4201" data-file-height="2192" /></a><figcaption>Aurora in <a href="/wiki/Scatness" title="Scatness">Scatness</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Shetland has an oceanic temperate maritime climate (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a>: <i>Cfb</i>), bordering on, but very slightly above average in summer temperatures, the <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate#Subpolar_variety_(Cfc,_Cwc)" title="Oceanic climate">subpolar</a> variety, with long but cool winters and short warm summers. The climate all year round is moderate owing to the influence of the surrounding seas, with average night-time low temperatures a little above 1 °C (34 °F) in January and February and average daytime high temperatures of near 14 °C (57 °F) in July and August.<sup id="cite_ref-climatetemp_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-climatetemp-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The highest temperature on record was 27.8 °C (82.0 °F) on 6 August 1910 at <a href="/wiki/Sumburgh_Head" title="Sumburgh Head">Sumburgh Head</a><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the lowest −8.9 °C (16.0 °F) in the Januaries of 1952 and 1959.<sup id="cite_ref-SIC200505_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIC200505-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The frost-free period may be as little as three months.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast, inland areas of nearby <a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavia</a> on similar latitudes experience significantly larger temperature differences between summer and winter, with the average highs of regular July days comparable to Lerwick's all-time record heat that is around 23 °C (73 °F), further demonstrating the moderating effect of the Atlantic Ocean. In contrast, winters are considerably milder than those expected in nearby continental areas, even comparable to winter temperatures of many parts of England and Wales much further south. </p><p>The general character of the climate is windy, cloudy and often wet, with at least 2 mm (0.08 in) of rain falling on more than 250 days a year. Average yearly <a href="/wiki/Precipitation_(meteorology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Precipitation (meteorology)">precipitation</a> is 1,252 mm (49.3 in), with November through January the wettest months, averaging 5.6 to 5.9 inches of precipitation, mostly rain. Snowfall is usually confined to the period November to February, and snow seldom lies on the ground for more than a day. Relatively less rain falls from April to July, although on average, no month receives less than 50 mm (2.0 in). <a href="/wiki/Fog" title="Fog">Fog</a> is common during summer due to the cooling effect of the sea on mild southerly airflows.<sup id="cite_ref-climatetemp_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-climatetemp-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SIC200505_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIC200505-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because of the islands' <a href="/wiki/Latitude" title="Latitude">latitude</a>, on clear winter nights the <a href="/wiki/Aurora_borealis" class="mw-redirect" title="Aurora borealis">northern lights</a> can sometimes be seen in the sky, while in summer there is almost <a href="/wiki/Twilight#Duration" title="Twilight">perpetual daylight</a>, a state of affairs known locally as the "simmer dim".<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Annual bright sunshine averages 1110 hours, and overcast days are common.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Shetland Isles (S. Screen),<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> elevation 82 m (269 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1930–present </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.8<br />(55.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFCD9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.7<br />(53.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC285; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.3<br />(55.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF5F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.1<br />(61.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8F1F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.7<br />(69.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF850B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.2<br />(72.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.4<br />(74.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF850C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.1<br />(71.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.4<br />(66.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.2<br />(63.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.9<br />(57.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.6<br />(54.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">23.4<br />(74.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFF3E8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.1<br />(43.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6ED; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.8<br />(42.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFE0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.7<br />(44.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4CA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.3<br />(46.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4AA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6<br />(51.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.6<br />(54.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4<br />(57.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB872; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.7<br />(58.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.0<br />(55.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD6AD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.4<br />(50.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.1<br />(46.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFF0E2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6<br />(43.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFDAB5; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">9.8<br />(49.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.1<br />(39.4) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.8<br />(38.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFFEFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.6<br />(40.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.1<br />(43.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.1<br />(46.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7AF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3<br />(50.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC994; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.2<br />(54.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.6<br />(54.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD1A4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1<br />(52.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFE3C7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.5<br />(47.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.2<br />(43.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.5<br />(40.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D2; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">7.7<br />(45.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.2<br />(36.0) </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.8<br />(35.2) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.4<br />(36.3) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.8<br />(38.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFF7EF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6<br />(42.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.1<br />(46.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD8B1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1<br />(50.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFD5AC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5<br />(50.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1<br />(48.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF0E2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6<br />(43.9) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.3<br />(39.7) </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.5<br />(36.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFF9F3; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">5.3<br />(41.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #B6B6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.9<br />(16.0) </td> <td style="background: #BEBEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.4<br />(18.7) </td> <td style="background: #B9B9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.3<br />(17.1) </td> <td style="background: #C7C7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.7<br />(21.7) </td> <td style="background: #DADAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.2<br />(28.0) </td> <td style="background: #E3E3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.6<br />(30.9) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.5<br />(38.3) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.8<br />(37.0) </td> <td style="background: #E3E3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.6<br />(30.9) </td> <td style="background: #D4D4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.3<br />(26.1) </td> <td style="background: #C7C7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.7<br />(21.7) </td> <td style="background: #BABAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.2<br />(17.2) </td> <td style="background: #B6B6FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−8.9<br />(16.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #1EFF1E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">150.4<br />(5.92) </td> <td style="background: #36FF36; color:#000000;" class="notheme">122.7<br />(4.83) </td> <td style="background: #5CFF5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">109.2<br />(4.30) </td> <td style="background: #96FF96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.8<br />(2.67) </td> <td style="background: #AAFFAA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56.9<br />(2.24) </td> <td style="background: #A2FFA2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.8<br />(2.35) </td> <td style="background: #9AFF9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.7<br />(2.67) </td> <td style="background: #7AFF7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">88.6<br />(3.49) </td> <td style="background: #5CFF5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">105.8<br />(4.17) </td> <td style="background: #3CFF3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">130.6<br />(5.14) </td> <td style="background: #22FF22; color:#000000;" class="notheme">143.2<br />(5.64) </td> <td style="background: #1FFF1F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">149.7<br />(5.89) </td> <td style="background: #60FF60; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,252.3<br />(49.30) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">22.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000FA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">19.2 </td> <td style="background: #1010FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">19.3 </td> <td style="background: #4343FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.7 </td> <td style="background: #6E6EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.7 </td> <td style="background: #6C6CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5 </td> <td style="background: #6969FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.1 </td> <td style="background: #5D5DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.1 </td> <td style="background: #3131FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16.1 </td> <td style="background: #0404FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">20.3 </td> <td style="background: #0000EB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">21.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000E7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">22.6 </td> <td style="background: #2929FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">204.1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days </th> <td style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10 </td> <td style="background: #8585FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9 </td> <td style="background: #8F8FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9 </td> <td style="background: #BFBFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #BFBFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 </td> <td style="background: #9C9CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8 </td> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">48 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000B1; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">87 </td> <td style="background: #0000B5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">86 </td> <td style="background: #0000B5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">86 </td> <td style="background: #0000B1; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">87 </td> <td style="background: #0000AD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">88 </td> <td style="background: #0000A9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">89 </td> <td style="background: #0000A5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">90 </td> <td style="background: #0000A1; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">91 </td> <td style="background: #0000A5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">90 </td> <td style="background: #0000A9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">89 </td> <td style="background: #0000B1; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">87 </td> <td style="background: #0000B1; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">87 </td> <td style="background: #0000A9; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">89 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #323232; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">27.4 </td> <td style="background: #737373; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">57.6 </td> <td style="background: #ACAC9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">97.7 </td> <td style="background: #C2C218; color:#000000;" class="notheme">141.2 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">191.9 </td> <td style="background: #C5C506; color:#000000;" class="notheme">147.7 </td> <td style="background: #BABA48; color:#000000;" class="notheme">128.6 </td> <td style="background: #BCBC3D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">132.4 </td> <td style="background: #AEAE8F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">99.5 </td> <td style="background: #898989; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75.1 </td> <td style="background: #484848; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.3 </td> <td style="background: #252525; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">20.6 </td> <td style="background: #ACAC9B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,158 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/Met_Office" title="Met Office">Met Office</a><sup id="cite_ref-Met_Averages_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Met_Averages-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/NOAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NOAA">NOAA</a> (relative humidity and snow days 1961–1990)<sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: <a href="/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_Meteorological_Institute" title="Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute">KNMI</a><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The motto is given (on the arms) in all <a href="/wiki/Uppercase" class="mw-redirect" title="Uppercase">uppercase</a> but the <a href="/wiki/Eth" title="Eth">eth</a> in <i>Með</i> is rendered using the Czech letter <a href="/wiki/%C4%8E" title="Ď">Ď</a> rather than <a href="/wiki/%C3%90" class="mw-redirect" title="Ð">Ð</a>, which is the regular uppercase form of eth.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weather station is located 1.7 miles (2.7 km) from the Lerwick port centre.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Settlements">Settlements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shetland&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Settlements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="locmap noviewer noresize thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:402px"><div style="position:relative;width:400px;border:1px solid lightgray"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shetland_UK_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shetland is located in Shetland"><img alt="Shetland is located in Shetland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Shetland_UK_location_map.svg/400px-Shetland_UK_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="761" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Shetland_UK_location_map.svg/600px-Shetland_UK_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Shetland_UK_location_map.svg/800px-Shetland_UK_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="832" data-file-height="1582" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:52.536%;left:69.31%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title=" Lerwick"><img alt=" Lerwick" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:5px;left:-3em"><div><span style="padding-left:2.8em;"> </span><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/Lerwick" title="Lerwick">Lerwick</a></b></span></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:53.841%;left:59.931%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Scalloway"><img alt="Scalloway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Scalloway" title="Scalloway">Scalloway</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:35.072%;left:55.103%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title=" Brae"><img alt=" Brae" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:5px;left:-3em"><div><b><span style="padding-left:2.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Brae" title="Brae">Brae</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:63.986%;left:63.931%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Sandwick"><img alt="Sandwick" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Sandwick,_Dunrossness" title="Sandwick, Dunrossness">Sandwick</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:43.188%;left:53.172%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Aith"><img alt="Aith" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Aith" title="Aith">Aith</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:20.362%;left:74.69%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Mid Yell"><img alt="Mid Yell" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:5px;left:-3em"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Mid_Yell" title="Mid Yell">Mid Yell</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:8.768%;left:88.897%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Baltasound"><img alt="Baltasound" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Baltasound" title="Baltasound">Baltasound</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:39.058%;left:77.793%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Symbister"><img alt="Symbister" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Symbister" title="Symbister">Symbister</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:81.463%;left:86.522%;font-size:120%"><div class="id" style="left:-0px;top:-0px"></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:1px"><div><i><a href="/wiki/Orkney#Settlements" title="Orkney">Orkney→</a></i></div></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Shetland_UK_location_map.svg" title="File:Shetland UK location map.svg">class=notpageimage| </a></div><div style="float:left;">The largest settlements in the Shetland.</div></div></div></div> <p>There are only three settlements with a population over 500, being the town of Lerwick and the villages of Scalloway and Brae. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Settlement </th> <th>Population <br />(2022)<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lerwick" title="Lerwick">Lerwick</a> </td> <td> <p>6,760 </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Scalloway" title="Scalloway">Scalloway</a> </td> <td> <p>1,170 </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Brae" title="Brae">Brae</a> </td> <td> <p>750 </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>For <a href="/wiki/Town_planning" class="mw-redirect" title="Town planning">town planning</a> purposes, Shetland Islands Council has identified eight 'Tier 1' settlements, being areas with the greatest concentration of services and facilities. They are the three settlements in the table above, plus <a href="/wiki/Aith" title="Aith">Aith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baltasound" title="Baltasound">Baltasound</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mid_Yell" title="Mid Yell">Mid Yell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sandwick,_Dunrossness" title="Sandwick, Dunrossness">Sandwick</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Symbister" title="Symbister">Symbister</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SMIR-2020_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SMIR-2020-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>List of islands by largest population: </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Island </th> <th colspan="3" style="background:#eaecf0ff; text-align: center;">Population<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#eaecf0ff;">1991 </th> <th style="background:#eaecf0ff;">2001 </th> <th style="background:#eaecf0ff;">2011 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Mainland,_Shetland" title="Mainland, Shetland">Shetland Mainland</a> </td> <td>17,562 </td> <td>17,550 </td> <td>18,765 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Whalsay" title="Whalsay">Whalsay</a> </td> <td>1,041 </td> <td>1,034 </td> <td>1,061 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Yell,_Shetland" title="Yell, Shetland">Yell</a> </td> <td>1,075 </td> <td>957 </td> <td>966 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/West_Burra" title="West Burra">West Burra</a> </td> <td>817 </td> <td>753 </td> <td>776 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Unst" title="Unst">Unst</a> </td> <td>1,055 </td> <td>720 </td> <td>632 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Bressay" title="Bressay">Bressay</a> </td> <td>352 </td> <td>384 </td> <td>368 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Trondra" title="Trondra">Trondra</a> </td> <td>117 </td> <td>133 </td> <td>135 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Muckle_Roe" title="Muckle Roe">Muckle Roe</a> </td> <td>115 </td> <td>104 </td> <td>130 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/East_Burra" title="East Burra">East Burra</a> </td> <td>72 </td> <td>66 </td> <td>76 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Fair_Isle" title="Fair Isle">Fair Isle</a> </td> <td>67 </td> <td>69 </td> <td>68 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prehistory">Prehistory</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shetland&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Prehistory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Shetland" title="Prehistoric Shetland">Prehistoric Shetland</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jarlshof_20080821_-_aisled_roundhouse_and_broch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Jarlshof_20080821_-_aisled_roundhouse_and_broch.jpg/290px-Jarlshof_20080821_-_aisled_roundhouse_and_broch.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Jarlshof_20080821_-_aisled_roundhouse_and_broch.jpg/435px-Jarlshof_20080821_-_aisled_roundhouse_and_broch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Jarlshof_20080821_-_aisled_roundhouse_and_broch.jpg/580px-Jarlshof_20080821_-_aisled_roundhouse_and_broch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="641" /></a><figcaption>The preserved ruins of a <a href="/wiki/Wheelhouse_(archaeology)" title="Wheelhouse (archaeology)">wheelhouse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Broch" title="Broch">broch</a> at <a href="/wiki/Jarlshof" title="Jarlshof">Jarlshof</a>, described as "one of the most remarkable archaeological sites ever excavated in the British Isles".<sup id="cite_ref-jarl_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jarl-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Due to the practice, dating to at least the early <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a>, of building in stone on virtually treeless islands, Shetland is extremely rich in physical remains of the prehistoric eras and there are over 5,000 archaeological sites all told.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Midden" title="Midden">midden</a> site at West Voe on the south coast of Mainland, dated to 4320–4030 BC, has provided the first evidence of <a href="/wiki/Mesolithic" title="Mesolithic">Mesolithic</a> human activity in Shetland.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same site provides dates for early Neolithic activity and finds at <a href="/wiki/Scord_of_Brouster" title="Scord of Brouster">Scord of Brouster</a> in <a href="/wiki/Walls,_Shetland" title="Walls, Shetland">Walls</a> have been dated to 3400 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Shetland knives" are stone tools that date from this period made from <a href="/wiki/Felsite" title="Felsite">felsite</a> from <a href="/wiki/Northmavine" title="Northmavine">Northmavine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sch10_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sch10-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pottery shards found at the important site of <a href="/wiki/Jarlshof" title="Jarlshof">Jarlshof</a> also indicate that there was Neolithic activity there although the main settlement dates from the <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This includes a <a href="/wiki/Forge" title="Forge">smithy</a>, a cluster of <a href="/wiki/Wheelhouse_(archaeology)" title="Wheelhouse (archaeology)">wheelhouses</a> and a later broch. The site has provided evidence of habitation during various phases right up until <a href="/wiki/Viking" class="mw-redirect" title="Viking">Viking</a> times.<sup id="cite_ref-jarl_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jarl-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Heel-shaped_cairn" title="Heel-shaped cairn">Heel-shaped cairns</a>, are a style of <a href="/wiki/Chambered_cairn" title="Chambered cairn">chambered cairn</a> unique to Shetland, with a particularly large example in <a href="/wiki/Vementry" title="Vementry">Vementry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sch10_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sch10-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Numerous brochs were erected during the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a>. In addition to Mousa there are significant ruins at <a href="/wiki/Broch_of_Clickimin" title="Broch of Clickimin">Clickimin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Broch_of_Culswick" title="Broch of Culswick">Culswick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Old_Scatness" title="Old Scatness">Old Scatness</a> and <a href="/wiki/Broch_of_West_Burrafirth" title="Broch of West Burrafirth">West Burrafirth</a>, although their origin and purpose is a matter of some controversy.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The later Iron Age inhabitants of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Isles" title="Northern Isles">Northern Isles</a> were probably Pictish, although the historical record is sparse. Hunter (2000) states in relation to King <a href="/wiki/Bridei_I_of_the_Picts" class="mw-redirect" title="Bridei I of the Picts">Bridei I of the Picts</a> in the sixth century AD: "As for Shetland, Orkney, Skye and the Western Isles, their inhabitants, most of whom appear to have been Pictish in culture and speech at this time, are likely to have regarded Bridei as a fairly distant presence".<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2011, the collective site, "<a href="/wiki/The_Crucible_of_Iron_Age_Shetland" class="mw-redirect" title="The Crucible of Iron Age Shetland">The Crucible of Iron Age Shetland</a>", including Broch of Mousa, Old Scatness and Jarlshof, joined the UKs "Tentative List" of <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Sites_in_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="World Heritage Sites in Scotland">World Heritage Sites</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBC311_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC311-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shetland&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Shetland" title="History of Shetland">History of Shetland</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scandinavian_colonisation">Scandinavian colonisation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shetland&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Scandinavian colonisation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shetland_(boxed)_with_surrounding_lands.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Shetland_%28boxed%29_with_surrounding_lands.png/250px-Shetland_%28boxed%29_with_surrounding_lands.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Shetland_%28boxed%29_with_surrounding_lands.png/375px-Shetland_%28boxed%29_with_surrounding_lands.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Shetland_%28boxed%29_with_surrounding_lands.png/500px-Shetland_%28boxed%29_with_surrounding_lands.png 2x" data-file-width="972" data-file-height="773" /></a><figcaption>Shetland (boxed) in relation to surrounding territories including <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> (to the east), the <a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a> (to the north west), and <a href="/wiki/Orkney" title="Orkney">Orkney</a> and the rest of the <a href="/wiki/British_Isles" title="British Isles">British Isles</a> (to the south west).</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flateyjarbok_Haraldr_Halfdan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A page from an illuminated manuscript shows two male figures. On the left a seated man wears a red crown and on the right a standing man has long fair hair. Their right hands are clasped together." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flateyjarbok_Haraldr_Halfdan.jpg/250px-Flateyjarbok_Haraldr_Halfdan.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flateyjarbok_Haraldr_Halfdan.jpg/375px-Flateyjarbok_Haraldr_Halfdan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flateyjarbok_Haraldr_Halfdan.jpg/500px-Flateyjarbok_Haraldr_Halfdan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="558" /></a><figcaption>14th-century <i><a href="/wiki/Flateyjarb%C3%B3k" title="Flateyjarbók">Flateyjarbók</a></i> image of <a href="/wiki/Harald_Fairhair" title="Harald Fairhair">Harald Fairhair</a> (right, with fair hair), who took control of <span title="Norn-language text"><i lang="nrn">Hjaltland</i></span> c. 875.</figcaption></figure> <p>The expanding population of <a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavia</a> led to a shortage of available resources and arable land there and led to a period of <a href="/wiki/Viking_expansion" title="Viking expansion">Viking expansion</a>, so the <a href="/wiki/North_Germanic_peoples" title="North Germanic peoples">Norse</a> gradually shifted their attention from plundering to invasion.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shetland was colonised during the late 8th and 9th centuries,<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the fate of the existing indigenous Pictish population being uncertain. Modern Shetlanders still retain the Norse DNA with many family trees showing the Norse patronymic system (-sson/son, -dottir/daughter). Modern DNA studies such as the Viking Health Study are severely flawed as they account for only a tiny fraction of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-Gilbert_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gilbert-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Viking" class="mw-redirect" title="Viking">Vikings</a> then used the islands as a base for <a href="/wiki/Pirate" class="mw-redirect" title="Pirate">pirate</a> expeditions to Norway and the coasts of mainland Scotland. In response, Norwegian king <a href="/wiki/Harald_I_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Harald I of Norway">Harald Hårfagre</a> ("Harald Fair Hair") annexed the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Isles" title="Northern Isles">Northern Isles</a> (comprising Orkney and Shetland) in 875.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Rognvald_Eysteinsson" title="Rognvald Eysteinsson">Rognvald Eysteinsson</a> received the <a href="/wiki/Earldom_of_Orkney" title="Earldom of Orkney">Earldom of Orkney</a>, which then included Shetland, from Harald as reparation for the death of his son in battle in Scotland, and then passed the earldom on to his brother <a href="/wiki/Sigurd_Eysteinsson" title="Sigurd Eysteinsson">Sigurd the Mighty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sigurd went on to conquer further territory; by the time of his death in 892, the earldom of Orkney stretched from Shetland down to <a href="/wiki/Caithness" title="Caithness">Caithness</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sutherland" title="Sutherland">Sutherland</a> on mainland Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-Grant_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grant-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The islands converted to <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> in the late 10th century. King <a href="/wiki/Olaf_I_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Olaf I of Norway">Olaf I Tryggvasson</a> summoned the <i><a href="/wiki/Earl" title="Earl">jarl</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Sigurd_the_Stout" title="Sigurd the Stout">Sigurd the Stout</a> during a visit to Orkney and said, "I order you and all your subjects to be baptised. If you refuse, I'll have you killed on the spot and I swear I will ravage every island with fire and steel". Unsurprisingly, Sigurd agreed, and the islands became Christian at a stroke.<sup id="cite_ref-T69_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-T69-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland" title="Kingdom of Scotland">Scottish crown</a> claimed the overlordship of the Caithness and Sutherland area from Norway in 1098.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The jarls thereafter owed allegiance to the Scottish crown for their territory on mainland Britain, which they held as the <a href="/wiki/Mormaer_of_Caithness" title="Mormaer of Caithness">Mormaer of Caithness</a>, but owed allegiance to the Norwegian crown for Orkney and Shetland.<sup id="cite_ref-Grant_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grant-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1194, when <a href="/wiki/Harald_Maddadsson" title="Harald Maddadsson">Harald Maddadsson</a> was Earl of Orkney, a rebellion broke out against King <a href="/wiki/Sverre_Sigurdsson" class="mw-redirect" title="Sverre Sigurdsson">Sverre Sigurdsson</a> of Norway. The <a href="/wiki/Eyjarskeggjar" title="Eyjarskeggjar">Eyjarskeggjar</a> ("Island Beardies") sailed for Norway but were beaten in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Florv%C3%A5g" title="Battle of Florvåg">Battle of Florvåg</a> near <a href="/wiki/Bergen" title="Bergen">Bergen</a>. After his victory, King Sverre placed Shetland under direct Norwegian rule in 1195 as the 'Lordship of Shetland', removing it from the earldom of Orkney.<sup id="cite_ref-Sch13_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sch13-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Crawford_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crawford-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Increased_Scottish_interest">Increased Scottish interest</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shetland&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Increased Scottish interest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From the mid-13th century onwards Scottish monarchs increasingly sought to take control of the islands surrounding their seas. The process was begun in earnest by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_II_of_Scotland" title="Alexander II of Scotland">Alexander II</a> and was continued by his successor <a href="/wiki/Alexander_III_of_Scotland" title="Alexander III of Scotland">Alexander III</a>. This strategy eventually led to an invasion of Scotland by <a href="/wiki/Haakon_IV_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Haakon IV of Norway">Haakon IV Haakonsson</a>, King of Norway. His fleet assembled in Bressay Sound before sailing for Scotland. After the stalemate of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Largs" title="Battle of Largs">Battle of Largs</a>, Haakon retreated to Orkney, where he died in December 1263, entertained on his deathbed by recitations of the sagas. His death halted any further Norwegian expansion in Scotland and following this ill-fated expedition, the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mann_and_the_Isles" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Mann and the Isles">Hebrides and Mann</a> were yielded to the Kingdom of Scotland as a result of the 1266 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Perth" title="Treaty of Perth">Treaty of Perth</a>, although the Scots recognised continuing Norwegian sovereignty over Orkney and Shetland.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Absorption_by_Scotland">Absorption by Scotland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shetland&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Absorption by Scotland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:James_III_and_Margaret_of_Denmark.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A picture on a page in an old book. A man at left wears tights and a tunic with a lion rampant design and holds a sword and sceptre. A woman at right wears a dress with an heraldic design bordered with ermine and carries a thistle in one hand and a sceptre in the other. They stand on a green surface over a legend in Scots that begins "James the Thrid of Nobil Memorie..." (sic) and notes that he "marrit the King of Denmark's dochter"." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/James_III_and_Margaret_of_Denmark.jpg/250px-James_III_and_Margaret_of_Denmark.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="325" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/James_III_and_Margaret_of_Denmark.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="346" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/James_III_of_Scotland" title="James III of Scotland">James III</a> and <a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Denmark,_Queen_of_Scotland" title="Margaret of Denmark, Queen of Scotland">Margaret of Denmark</a>, whose betrothal led to Shetland passing from Norway to Scotland.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 14th century, Orkney and Shetland remained Norwegian possessions, but Scottish influence was growing. <a href="/wiki/Jon_Haraldsson" title="Jon Haraldsson">Jon Haraldsson</a>, who was murdered in <a href="/wiki/Thurso" title="Thurso">Thurso</a> in 1231, was the last of an unbroken line of Norse jarls,<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and thereafter the earls were Scots noblemen of the houses of <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Angus" title="Earl of Angus">Angus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henry_I_Sinclair,_Earl_of_Orkney" title="Henry I Sinclair, Earl of Orkney">St Clair</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the death of <a href="/wiki/Haakon_VI_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Haakon VI of Norway">Haakon VI</a> in 1380,<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Norway formed a <a href="/wiki/Kalmar_Union" title="Kalmar Union">political union</a> with Denmark, after which the interest of the royal house in the islands declined.<sup id="cite_ref-Sch13_80-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sch13-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1469, Shetland was <a href="/wiki/Pledge_(law)" title="Pledge (law)">pledged</a> by <a href="/wiki/Christian_I_of_Denmark" title="Christian I of Denmark">Christian I</a>, in his capacity as King of Norway, as security against the payment of the <a href="/wiki/Dowry" title="Dowry">dowry</a> of his daughter <a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Denmark,_Queen_of_Scotland" title="Margaret of Denmark, Queen of Scotland">Margaret</a>, betrothed to <a href="/wiki/James_III_of_Scotland" title="James III of Scotland">James III of Scotland</a>. As the money was never paid, the connection with the Crown of Scotland became permanent.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1470, <a href="/wiki/William_Sinclair,_1st_Earl_of_Caithness" title="William Sinclair, 1st Earl of Caithness">William Sinclair, 1st Earl of Caithness</a>, ceded his title to James III, and the following year the Northern Isles were directly absorbed by the Crown of Scotland,<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an action confirmed by the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Scotland" title="Parliament of Scotland">Parliament of Scotland</a> in 1472.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nonetheless, Shetland's connection with Norway has proved to be enduring.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From the early 15th century onward Shetlanders sold their goods through the <a href="/wiki/Hanseatic_League" title="Hanseatic League">Hanseatic League</a> of German merchantmen. The Hansa would buy shiploads of salted fish, wool and butter, and import <a href="/wiki/Salt" title="Salt">salt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cloth" class="mw-redirect" title="Cloth">cloth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beer" title="Beer">beer</a> and other goods. The late 16th century and early 17th century were dominated by the influence of the despotic <a href="/wiki/Robert_Stewart,_1st_Earl_of_Orkney" title="Robert Stewart, 1st Earl of Orkney">Robert Stewart</a>, Earl of Orkney, who was granted the islands by his half-sister <a href="/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Scots" title="Mary, Queen of Scots">Mary Queen of Scots</a>, and his son <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Stewart,_2nd_Earl_of_Orkney" title="Patrick Stewart, 2nd Earl of Orkney">Patrick</a>. The latter commenced the building of <a href="/wiki/Scalloway_Castle" title="Scalloway Castle">Scalloway Castle</a>, but after his imprisonment in 1609, the Crown annexed Orkney and Shetland again until 1643, when <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles I</a> granted them to <a href="/wiki/William_Douglas,_7th_Earl_of_Morton" title="William Douglas, 7th Earl of Morton">William Douglas, 7th Earl of Morton</a>. These rights were held on and off by the Mortons until 1766, when they were sold by <a href="/wiki/James_Douglas,_14th_Earl_of_Morton" title="James Douglas, 14th Earl of Morton">James Douglas, 14th Earl of Morton</a> to <a href="/wiki/Sir_Lawrence_Dundas,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Lawrence Dundas, 1st Baronet">Laurence Dundas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="18th_and_19th_centuries">18th and 19th centuries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shetland&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 18th and 19th centuries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The trade with the North German towns lasted until the <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1707" title="Acts of Union 1707">Act of Union 1707</a>, after which high salt duties prevented the German merchants from trading with Shetland. Shetland then went into an economic depression, as the local traders were not as skilled in trading salted fish. However, some local merchant-lairds took up where the German merchants had left off, and fitted out their own ships to export fish from Shetland to the Continent. For the independent farmers of Shetland this had negative consequences, as they now had to fish for these merchant-lairds.<sup id="cite_ref-Visit.Shetland.org_history_page_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Visit.Shetland.org_history_page-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Smallpox" title="Smallpox">Smallpox</a> afflicted the islands in the 17th and 18th centuries (as it did all of Europe), but as <a href="/wiki/Smallpox_vaccine" title="Smallpox vaccine">vaccines</a> became available after 1800, health improved. The islands were very badly hit by the <a href="/wiki/Highland_Potato_Famine" title="Highland Potato Famine">potato famine of 1846</a> and the government introduced a Relief Plan for the islands under the command of <a href="/wiki/Rear_Admiral_Robert_Craigie" class="mw-redirect" title="Rear Admiral Robert Craigie">Captain Robert Craigie</a> of the Royal Navy who stayed in Lerwick to oversee the project 1847–1852. During this period Craigie also did much to improve and increase roads in the islands.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Population increased to a maximum of 31,670 in 1861. However, British rule came at a price for many ordinary people as well as traders. The Shetlanders' nautical skills were sought by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a>. Some 3,000 served during the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleonic wars">Napoleonic wars</a> from 1800 to 1815 and <a href="/wiki/Impressment" title="Impressment">press gangs</a> were rife. During this period 120 men were taken from Fetlar alone, and only 20 of them returned home. By the late 19th century 90% of all Shetland was owned by just 32 people, and between 1861 and 1881 more than 8,000 Shetlanders emigrated.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sch16_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sch16-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the passing of the <a href="/wiki/Crofters%27_Holdings_(Scotland)_Act_1886" class="mw-redirect" title="Crofters' Holdings (Scotland) Act 1886">Crofters' Holdings (Scotland) Act 1886</a> the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal</a> prime minister <a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">William Gladstone</a> emancipated crofters from the rule of the landlords. The Act enabled those who had effectively been landowners' serfs to become owner-occupiers of their own small farms.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By this time fishermen from <a href="/wiki/Holland" title="Holland">Holland</a>, who had traditionally gathered each year off the coast of Shetland to fish for <a href="/wiki/Herring" title="Herring">herring</a>, triggered an industry in the islands that boomed from around 1880 until the 1920s when stocks of the fish began to dwindle.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The production peaked in 1905 at more than a million barrels, of which 708,000 were exported.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shetland&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wind_Bound_Lerwick_around_1880.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Wind_Bound_Lerwick_around_1880.jpg/250px-Wind_Bound_Lerwick_around_1880.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Wind_Bound_Lerwick_around_1880.jpg/375px-Wind_Bound_Lerwick_around_1880.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Wind_Bound_Lerwick_around_1880.jpg/500px-Wind_Bound_Lerwick_around_1880.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2850" data-file-height="2055" /></a><figcaption>Full-rigged ship <i>Maella</i>, of <a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a>, in Bressay Sound, around 1922</figcaption></figure> <p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, many Shetlanders served in the <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Highlanders" title="Gordon Highlanders">Gordon Highlanders</a>, a further 3,000 served in the Merchant Navy, and more than 1,500 in a special local naval reserve. The 10th Cruiser Squadron was stationed at Swarbacks Minn (the stretch of water to the south of Muckle Roe), and during a single year from March 1917 more than 4,500 ships sailed from Lerwick as part of an escorted convoy system. In total, Shetland lost more than 500 men, a higher proportion than any other part of Britain, and there were further waves of emigration in the 1920s and 1930s.<sup id="cite_ref-Sch16_101-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sch16-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-N94_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N94-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leif_Larsen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Leif_Larsen.jpg/200px-Leif_Larsen.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Leif_Larsen.jpg/300px-Leif_Larsen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Leif_Larsen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="357" data-file-height="411" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Leif_Larsen" title="Leif Larsen">Leif "Shetland" Larsen</a>, Norwegian leader of the <a href="/wiki/Shetland_Bus" class="mw-redirect" title="Shetland Bus">Shetland Bus</a> operations in World War II, the most highly decorated <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">allied</a> naval officer of the war.<sup id="cite_ref-scotsatwar_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scotsatwar-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, a Norwegian naval unit nicknamed the "<a href="/wiki/Shetland_bus" title="Shetland bus">Shetland Bus</a>" was established by the <a href="/wiki/Special_Operations_Executive" title="Special Operations Executive">Special Operations Executive</a> in the autumn of 1940 with a base first at <a href="/wiki/Lunna_House" title="Lunna House">Lunna</a> and later in Scalloway to conduct operations around the coast of Norway. About 30 fishing vessels used by Norwegian refugees were gathered and the Shetland Bus conducted covert operations, carrying intelligence agents, refugees, instructors for the resistance, and military supplies. It made over 200 trips across the sea, and <a href="/wiki/Leif_Larsen" title="Leif Larsen">Leif Larsen</a>, the most highly decorated <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">allied</a> naval officer of the war, made 52 of them.<sup id="cite_ref-scotsatwar_106-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scotsatwar-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several RAF airfields and sites were also established at Sullom Voe and several lighthouses suffered enemy air attacks.<sup id="cite_ref-N94_105-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N94-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Oil reserves discovered in the later 20th century in the seas both east and west of Shetland have provided a much-needed alternative source of income for the islands.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/East_Shetland_Basin" title="East Shetland Basin">East Shetland Basin</a> is one of Europe's prolific petroleum provinces. As a result of the oil revenue and the cultural links with Norway, a small <a href="/wiki/Shetland_Movement" title="Shetland Movement">Home Rule movement</a> developed briefly to recast the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_position_of_Shetland" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutional position of Shetland">constitutional position of Shetland</a>. It saw as its models the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a>, as well as Shetland's closest neighbour, the <a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a>, an autonomous dependency of Denmark.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The population stood at 17,814 in 1961.<sup id="cite_ref-shetland.gov.uk_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shetland.gov.uk-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shetland&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Today, the main revenue producers in Shetland are <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aquaculture" title="Aquaculture">aquaculture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fishing" title="Fishing">fishing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Scotland" title="Renewable energy in Scotland">renewable energy</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">petroleum industry</a> (<a href="/wiki/Crude_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Crude oil">crude oil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a> production), the <a href="/wiki/Creative_industries" title="Creative industries">creative industries</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tourism" title="Tourism">tourism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unst also has a <a href="/wiki/Spaceport" title="Spaceport">rocket launch site</a> called <a href="/wiki/SaxaVord_Spaceport" title="SaxaVord Spaceport">SaxaVord Spaceport</a> (previously known as Shetland Space Centre).<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A February 2021 news item indicated that a rocket manufacturer from Germany, HyImpulse Technologies, planned to launch spacecraft powered by hydrogen from the Spaceport, starting in 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the previous month, the Space Centre had filed plans with Council for a "satellite launch facility and associated infrastructure".<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of February 2021, information on the Promote Shetland Web site indicated that "Shetland is less reliant on tourism than many Scottish islands" and that oil was an important sector of the economy. The "process of gradually transitioning from oil to clean renewable energy ... production of clean hydrogen" was also emphasized. Fishing remained the primary sector and was expected to grow.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fishing">Fishing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shetland&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Fishing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maquereaux_etal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Maquereaux_etal.jpg/290px-Maquereaux_etal.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Maquereaux_etal.jpg/435px-Maquereaux_etal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Maquereaux_etal.jpg/580px-Maquereaux_etal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="525" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Mackerel" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic Mackerel">Atlantic Mackerel</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Fishing is central to the islands' economy today, with the total catch being 75,767 t (83,519 tons) in 2009, valued at over £73.2 million. <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_mackerel" title="Atlantic mackerel">Atlantic mackerel</a> makes up more than half of the catch in Shetland by weight and value, and there are significant landings of <a href="/wiki/Haddock" title="Haddock">haddock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_cod" title="Atlantic cod">cod</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_herring" title="Atlantic herring">herring</a>, <a href="/wiki/Merlangius_merlangus" class="mw-redirect" title="Merlangius merlangus">whiting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lophius_piscatorius" title="Lophius piscatorius">monkfish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shellfish" title="Shellfish">shellfish</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SIC16_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIC16-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A report published in October 2020 was optimistic about the future of this sector in: "With new fish markets in Lerwick and Scalloway, and plans to expand its aquaculture offerings in Yell, Shetland is preparing for more growth in its biggest industry".<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of February 2021, the Promote Shetland website stated that "more fish is landed in Shetland than in England, Wales and Northern Ireland combined', that "Shetland harvests 40,000 tonnes of salmon a year, worth £180 million" and that "6,500 tonnes of mussels are grown in Shetland, more than 80 per cent of the total Scottish production".<sup id="cite_ref-About_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Energy_and_fossil_fuels">Energy and fossil fuels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shetland&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Energy and fossil fuels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wfm_shetland_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wfm_shetland_map.svg/250px-Wfm_shetland_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wfm_shetland_map.svg/375px-Wfm_shetland_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wfm_shetland_map.svg/500px-Wfm_shetland_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1077" data-file-height="1413" /></a><figcaption>Map of Shetland</figcaption></figure> <p>Oil and gas were first landed in 1978 at <a href="/wiki/Sullom_Voe" title="Sullom Voe">Sullom Voe</a>, which has subsequently become one of the largest terminals in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Taxes from the oil have increased public sector spending on social welfare, art, sport, environmental measures and financial development. Three quarters of the islands' workforce is employed in the service sector,<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Shetland_Islands_Council" title="Shetland Islands Council">Shetland Islands Council</a> alone accounted for 27.9% of output in 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shetland's access to oil revenues has funded the Shetland Charitable Trust, which in turn funds a wide variety of local programmes. The balance of the fund in 2011 was £217 million, i.e., about £9,500 per head.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2007, the Shetland Islands Council signed a partnership agreement with <a href="/wiki/Scottish_and_Southern_Energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish and Southern Energy">Scottish and Southern Energy</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Viking_Wind_Farm" title="Viking Wind Farm">Viking Wind Farm</a>, a 200-turbine <a href="/wiki/Wind_farm" title="Wind farm">wind farm</a> and subsea cable. This <a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy" title="Renewable energy">renewable energy</a> project would produce about 600 <a href="/wiki/Watt" title="Watt">megawatts</a> and contribute about £20 million to the Shetland economy per year.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plan met with significant opposition within the islands, primarily resulting from the anticipated visual impact of the development.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in August 2024 the completion of the first part of the project saw Shetland connected to the mainland National Grid for the first time via a 600 MW HVDC link.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The PURE project in Unst is a research centre which uses a combination of wind power and <a href="/wiki/Fuel_cell" title="Fuel cell">fuel cells</a> to create a <a href="/wiki/Wind-Hydrogen_Hybrid_Power_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind-Hydrogen Hybrid Power Systems">wind-hydrogen</a> system. The project is run by the Unst Partnership, the local community's <a href="/wiki/Development_trust" title="Development trust">development trust</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beryl_alpha_from_air.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Beryl_alpha_from_air.jpg/250px-Beryl_alpha_from_air.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Beryl_alpha_from_air.jpg/375px-Beryl_alpha_from_air.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Beryl_alpha_from_air.jpg/500px-Beryl_alpha_from_air.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="759" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Apache_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Apache Corporation">Apache Corporation</a>'s Beryl alpha oil platform in the <a href="/wiki/East_Shetland_Basin" title="East Shetland Basin">East Shetland Basin</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A status report on hydrogen production in Shetland, published in September 2020, stated that Shetland Islands Council (SIC) had "joined a number of organisations and projects to drive forward plans to establish hydrogen as a future energy source for the isles and beyond". For example, it was a member of the Scottish Hydrogen Fuel Cell Association (SHFCA). The ORION project, previously named the Shetland Energy Hub, was underway; the plan was to create an energy hub that would use clean electricity in the development of "new technologies such as blue and green hydrogen generation".<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2020 the Scottish government released a hydrogen policy statement with plans for incorporating both <a href="/wiki/Blue_hydrogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue hydrogen">blue</a> and <a href="/wiki/Green_hydrogen" title="Green hydrogen">green hydrogen</a> for use in heating, transportation and industry.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The government also planned an investment of £100 million in the hydrogen sector "for the £180 million Emerging Energy Technologies Fund".<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shetland Islands Council planned to obtain further specifics about the availability of funding. The government had already agreed that the production of "green" hydrogen from wind power near <a href="/wiki/Sullom_Voe" title="Sullom Voe">Sullom Voe</a> Terminal was a valid plan. A December 2020 report stated that "the extensive terminal could also be used for direct refuelling of hydrogen-powered ships" and suggested that the fourth jetty at Sullom Voe "could be suitable for ammonia export".<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Farming_and_textiles">Farming and textiles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shetland&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Farming and textiles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Farming is mostly concerned with the raising of <a href="/wiki/Shetland_(sheep)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shetland (sheep)">Shetland sheep</a>, known for their unusually fine wool.<sup id="cite_ref-Shetland_Islands_Council_2010_p._10_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shetland_Islands_Council_2010_p._10-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Knitwear is important both to the economy and culture of Shetland, and the <a href="/wiki/Fair_Isle_(technique)" title="Fair Isle (technique)">Fair Isle design</a> is well known. However, the industry faces challenges due to <a href="/wiki/Plagiarism" title="Plagiarism">plagiarism</a> of the word "Shetland" by manufacturers operating elsewhere, and a certification trademark, "The Shetland Lady", has been registered.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Crofting" title="Crofting">Crofting</a>, the farming of small plots of land on a legally restricted tenancy basis, is still practised and is viewed as a key Shetland tradition as well as an important source of income.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Crops raised include oats and barley; however, the cold, windswept islands make for a harsh environment for most plants. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shetland&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Television signals in Shetland are received from the <a href="/wiki/Bressay_transmitting_station" title="Bressay transmitting station">Bressay</a> TV transmitter.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shetland is served by a weekly local newspaper, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Shetland_Times" title="The Shetland Times">The Shetland Times</a></i> and the online <i>Shetland News</i><sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with radio service being provided by <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Shetland" title="BBC Radio Shetland">BBC Radio Shetland</a> and the commercial radio station <a href="/wiki/SIBC" title="SIBC">SIBC</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shetland&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Victoria_pier,_Lerwick_-_geograph.org.uk_-_908540.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Victoria_pier%2C_Lerwick_-_geograph.org.uk_-_908540.jpg/250px-Victoria_pier%2C_Lerwick_-_geograph.org.uk_-_908540.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Victoria_pier%2C_Lerwick_-_geograph.org.uk_-_908540.jpg/375px-Victoria_pier%2C_Lerwick_-_geograph.org.uk_-_908540.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Victoria_pier%2C_Lerwick_-_geograph.org.uk_-_908540.jpg/500px-Victoria_pier%2C_Lerwick_-_geograph.org.uk_-_908540.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="426" /></a><figcaption>Victoria pier, Lerwick. The replica Viking longboat Dim Riv is bottom left and the town hall is on the hill. Taken from the Aberdeen ferry in Bressay Sound.</figcaption></figure> <p>Shetland is a popular destination for cruise ships, and in 2010 the <a href="/wiki/Lonely_Planet" title="Lonely Planet">Lonely Planet</a> guide named Shetland as the sixth best region in the world for tourists seeking unspoilt destinations. The islands were described as "beautiful and rewarding" and the Shetlanders as "a fiercely independent and self-reliant bunch".<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Overall visitor expenditure was worth £16.4 million in 2006, in which year just under 26,000 cruise liner passengers arrived at Lerwick Harbour. This business has grown substantially with 109 cruise ships already booked in for 2019, representing over 107,000 passenger visits.<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2009, the most popular visitor attractions were the <a href="/wiki/Shetland_Museum" title="Shetland Museum">Shetland Museum</a>, the <a href="/wiki/RSPB" class="mw-redirect" title="RSPB">RSPB</a> reserve at Sumburgh Head, Bonhoga Gallery at <a href="/wiki/Weisdale_Mill" title="Weisdale Mill">Weisdale Mill</a> and Jarlshof.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Geopark_Shetland" title="Geopark Shetland">Geopark Shetland</a> (now Shetland UNESCO Global Geopark) was established by the Amenity Trust in 2009 to boost <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_tourism" title="Sustainable tourism">sustainable tourism</a> to the islands.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the Promote Shetland organisation's website, tourism increased "by £12.6 million between 2017 and 2019 with more than half of visitors giving their trip a perfect rating".<sup id="cite_ref-About_117-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Extremely popular in many countries, with seven series having been filmed and aired by early 2023, <a href="/wiki/Shetland_(TV_series)" title="Shetland (TV series)">Shetland (TV series)</a> was inspired by the <a href="/wiki/Ann_Cleeves" title="Ann Cleeves">Ann Cleeves</a> books about the fictional Detective Inspector Jimmy Perez. This has created an interest in Shetland<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and some tourists visit because they wish to see the places where the series is set and filmed. In 2018, series star <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Henshall" title="Douglas Henshall">Douglas Henshall</a> said in an interview, "When we were there filming, there's people from Australia and different parts of America who had come specifically because of the show ... It's showing all over the world. Now you get a lot of people from Scandinavia on these noir tours".<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An October 2018 report stated that 91,000 passengers from cruise ships arrived that year (a record high), an increase over the 70,000 in 2017. There was a drop in 2019 to "over 76,000 cruise ship passengers".<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Effect_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic">Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shetland&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tourism dropped significantly in 2020 (and into 2021) due to restrictions necessitated by the COVID-19 pandemic and the major decline in the number of cruise ships that continued to operate worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of early February 2021, the Promote Shetland website was still stating this information: "At present, nobody should travel to Shetland from a Level 3 or Level 4 local authority area in Scotland, unless it's for essential purposes". That page reiterated the government recommendation "that people avoid any unnecessary travel between Scotland and England, Wales, or Northern Ireland".<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A September 2020 report stated that "The Highlands and Islands region has been disproportionately impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic to date, when compared to Scotland and the UK as a whole". The tourism industry required short-term support for "business survival and recovery" and that was expected to continue as the sector was "severely impacted for as long as physical distancing and travel restrictions" remained in place.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 31 December 2020, the usage of ferries and buses was restricted to those traveling for essential purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Island Equivalent scheme was introduced in early 2021 by the Scottish government to financially assist hospitality and retail businesses "affected by Level 3 coronavirus restrictions". Previous schemes in 2020 included the Strategic Framework Business Fund and the Coronavirus Business Support Fund.<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Quarries">Quarries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shetland&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Quarries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Brindister: <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Shetland&params=60.114475_N_1.215874_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">60°06′52″N</span> <span class="longitude">1°12′57″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">60.114475°N 1.215874°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">60.114475; -1.215874</span></span></span></a></span></span></li> <li>Scord: <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Shetland&params=60.142287_N_1.261629_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">60°08′32″N</span> <span class="longitude">1°15′42″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">60.142287°N 1.261629°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">60.142287; -1.261629</span></span></span></a></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/cowrin/3798639184">Scalloway 05</a></li> <li>Sullom: <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Shetland&params=60.439953_N_1.382306_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">60°26′24″N</span> <span class="longitude">1°22′56″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">60.439953°N 1.382306°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">60.439953; -1.382306</span></span></span></a></span></span></li> <li>Vatster: <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Shetland&params=60.212887_N_1.220861_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">60°12′46″N</span> <span class="longitude">1°13′15″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">60.212887°N 1.220861°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">60.212887; -1.220861</span></span></span></a></span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transport">Transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shetland&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Loganair_Islander_at_Fair_Isle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Loganair_Islander_at_Fair_Isle.jpg/250px-Loganair_Islander_at_Fair_Isle.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Loganair_Islander_at_Fair_Isle.jpg/375px-Loganair_Islander_at_Fair_Isle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Loganair_Islander_at_Fair_Isle.jpg/500px-Loganair_Islander_at_Fair_Isle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Loganair" title="Loganair">Loganair</a> aircraft in <a href="/wiki/Fair_Isle" title="Fair Isle">Fair Isle</a>, midway between <a href="/wiki/Orkney" title="Orkney">Orkney</a> and Shetland</figcaption></figure> <p>Transport between islands is primarily by ferry, and Shetland Islands Council operates various <a href="/wiki/SIC_Ferries" title="SIC Ferries">inter-island services</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shetland is also served by a domestic connection from Lerwick to <a href="/wiki/Aberdeen" title="Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a> on mainland Scotland. This service, which takes about 12 hours, is operated by <a href="/wiki/NorthLink_Ferries" title="NorthLink Ferries">NorthLink Ferries</a>. Some services also call at <a href="/wiki/Kirkwall" title="Kirkwall">Kirkwall</a>, Orkney, which increases the journey time between <a href="/wiki/Aberdeen" title="Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a> and Lerwick by 2 hours.<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are plans for road tunnels to some of the islands, especially <a href="/wiki/Bressay" title="Bressay">Bressay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Whalsay" title="Whalsay">Whalsay</a>; however, it is hard to convince the mainland government to finance them.<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sumburgh_Airport" title="Sumburgh Airport">Sumburgh Airport</a>, the main airport in Shetland, is located close to Sumburgh Head, 40 km (25 mi) south of Lerwick. <a href="/wiki/Loganair" title="Loganair">Loganair</a> operates flights to other parts of Scotland up to ten times a day, the destinations being <a href="/wiki/Kirkwall" title="Kirkwall">Kirkwall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aberdeen" title="Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inverness" title="Inverness">Inverness</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tingwall_Airport" title="Tingwall Airport">Lerwick/Tingwall Airport</a> is located 11 km (6.8 mi) west of Lerwick. Operated by <a href="/wiki/Directflight" title="Directflight">Directflight</a> in partnership with Shetland Islands Council, it is devoted to inter-island flights from the Shetland Mainland to <a href="/wiki/Fair_Isle_Airport" title="Fair Isle Airport">Fair Isle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Foula_Airfield" title="Foula Airfield">Foula</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Scatsta_Airport" title="Scatsta Airport">Scatsta Airport</a> was an airport near <a href="/wiki/Sullom_Voe" title="Sullom Voe">Sullom Voe</a> which allowed frequent charter flights from <a href="/wiki/Aberdeen_Airport" title="Aberdeen Airport">Aberdeen</a> to transport oilfield workers. The airport closed on 30 June 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Public bus services are operated in <a href="/wiki/Mainland,_Shetland" title="Mainland, Shetland">Mainland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trondra" title="Trondra">Trondra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burra,_Shetland" title="Burra, Shetland">Burra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unst" title="Unst">Unst</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yell,_Shetland" title="Yell, Shetland">Yell</a>, with scheduled dial-a-ride services available in <a href="/wiki/Bressay" title="Bressay">Bressay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fetlar" title="Fetlar">Fetlar</a>. Buses also connect with ferries leading to <a href="/wiki/Foula" title="Foula">Foula</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papa_Stour" title="Papa Stour">Papa Stour</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Whalsay" title="Whalsay">Whalsay</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The archipelago is exposed to wind and tide, and there are numerous sites of wrecked ships.<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lighthouse" title="Lighthouse">Lighthouses</a> are sited as an aid to navigation at various locations.<sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance">Governance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shetland&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Governance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Barrels_at_North_Ness,_Lerwick_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5873905.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Barrels_at_North_Ness%2C_Lerwick_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5873905.jpg/220px-Barrels_at_North_Ness%2C_Lerwick_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5873905.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Barrels_at_North_Ness%2C_Lerwick_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5873905.jpg/330px-Barrels_at_North_Ness%2C_Lerwick_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5873905.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Barrels_at_North_Ness%2C_Lerwick_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5873905.jpg/440px-Barrels_at_North_Ness%2C_Lerwick_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5873905.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1065" /></a><figcaption>8 North Ness, Lerwick: Headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Shetland_Islands_Council" title="Shetland Islands Council">Shetland Islands Council</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The local authority is the <a href="/wiki/Shetland_Islands_Council" title="Shetland Islands Council">Shetland Islands Council</a>, based in Lerwick. It meets at the former St Ringan's Church and has its main offices at 8 North Ness, overlooking the harbour.<sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_history">Administrative history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shetland&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Administrative history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On its absorption into Scotland in 1472, the landholdings and jurisdictions of the old lordship of Shetland passed to the Scottish crown. The separate earldom of Orkney was absorbed into Scotland at the same time.<sup id="cite_ref-Crawford_82-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crawford-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More typically Scottish forms of administration were gradually introduced to the Northern Isles. The position of <a href="/wiki/Sheriff_of_Orkney_and_Shetland" title="Sheriff of Orkney and Shetland">Sheriff of Orkney and Shetland</a> was created in 1541.<sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shetland and Orkney retained their own legal systems until 1612, when the general laws of Scotland were applied.<sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Commissioners_of_Supply" class="mw-redirect" title="Commissioners of Supply">Commissioners of Supply</a> were established in 1667 for each shire across Scotland. Unusually, despite being one <a href="/wiki/Shires_of_Scotland" title="Shires of Scotland">shire</a>, Shetland and Orkney were given separate bodies of commissioners.<sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More local government functions were gradually given to the commissioners over time.<sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At a court case in 1829, the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Session" title="Court of Session">Court of Session</a> declined to rule on whether Shetland and Orkney were one county or two. They operated as one county for the purposes of the administration of justice, <a href="/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Orkney_and_Shetland" title="Lord Lieutenant of Orkney and Shetland">lieutenancy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Orkney_and_Shetland_(Parliament_of_Scotland_constituency)" title="Orkney and Shetland (Parliament of Scotland constituency)">parliamentary constituencies</a>, but operated as two counties for local government functions.<sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:County_Buildings,_Lerwick_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1805007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/County_Buildings%2C_Lerwick_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1805007.jpg/220px-County_Buildings%2C_Lerwick_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1805007.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/County_Buildings%2C_Lerwick_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1805007.jpg/330px-County_Buildings%2C_Lerwick_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1805007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/County_Buildings%2C_Lerwick_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1805007.jpg/440px-County_Buildings%2C_Lerwick_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1805007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/County_Buildings,_Lerwick" title="County Buildings, Lerwick">County Buildings, Lerwick</a>, completed 1875: Shetland's main courthouse, also served as headquarters of Zetland County Council 1890–1975</figcaption></figure> <p>Elected county councils were created in 1890 under the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_(Scotland)_Act_1889" title="Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889">Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889</a>, taking most of the functions of the commissioners (which were eventually abolished in 1930). The 1889 Act also directed that Shetland and Orkney were to be separate counties (with the act using the then-prevalent spelling of 'Zetland' for Shetland).<sup id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zetland County Council held its first meeting on 22 May 1890 at the <a href="/wiki/County_Buildings,_Lerwick" title="County Buildings, Lerwick">County Buildings, Lerwick</a>, which had been built in 1875 and served as Shetland's main courthouse and also served as the meeting place for the commissioners of supply.<sup id="cite_ref-listed_177-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-listed-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-178" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Local government was reformed in 1975 under the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_(Scotland)_Act_1973" title="Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973">Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973</a>, which replaced Scotland's counties, <a href="/wiki/Burgh" title="Burgh">burghs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Landward_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Landward district">landward districts</a>. In most of Scotland a two-tier structure of upper-tier regions and lower-tier districts was used, but a single-tier structure of <a href="/wiki/Islands_council_areas_of_Scotland" title="Islands council areas of Scotland">island areas</a> was used for Shetland, Orkney and the <a href="/wiki/Western_Isles" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Isles">Western Isles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1973act_179-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1973act-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further local government reform in 1996 introduced single-tier council areas across all of Scotland. The councils of the three island areas created in 1975 continued to provide the same services after 1996, but their areas were re-designated as council areas.<sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Parishes_and_communities">Parishes and communities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shetland&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Parishes and communities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_civil_parishes_in_Scotland" title="List of civil parishes in Scotland">List of civil parishes in Scotland</a></div> <p>Parishes existed from medieval times. From 1845 to 1894 they had parish boards and from 1894 to 1930 they had parish councils. They have had no administrative functions since 1930, but continue to be used for the presentation of statistics.<sup id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shetland's civil parishes are:<sup id="cite_ref-182" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-183" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation" style="width: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Civil Parish </th> <th>Included areas<sup id="cite_ref-shetland.gov.uk_109-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shetland.gov.uk-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Area<br />(km<sup>2</sup>)<br /><sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Population<br />(<a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Census_2011" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom Census 2011">2011 Census</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-shetland.gov.uk_109-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shetland.gov.uk-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Density </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bressay" title="Bressay">Bressay</a></td> <td></td> <td align="right">27.8</td> <td align="right">368</td> <td align="right">13.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Delting" title="Delting">Delting</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brae" title="Brae">Brae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muckle_Roe" title="Muckle Roe">Muckle Roe</a></td> <td align="right">131.7</td> <td align="right">1,917</td> <td align="right">14.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dunrossness" title="Dunrossness">Dunrossness</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cunningsburgh" title="Cunningsburgh">Cunningsburgh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fair_Isle" title="Fair Isle">Fair Isle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sandwick,_Dunrossness" title="Sandwick, Dunrossness">Sandwick</a></td> <td align="right">120.5</td> <td align="right">3,216</td> <td align="right">26.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fetlar" title="Fetlar">Fetlar</a></td> <td></td> <td align="right">41.4</td> <td align="right">61</td> <td align="right">1.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lerwick" title="Lerwick">Lerwick</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gulberwick" title="Gulberwick">Gulberwick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quarff" title="Quarff">Quarff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burra,_Shetland" title="Burra, Shetland">Burra</a></td> <td align="right">32.2</td> <td align="right">8,607</td> <td align="right">267.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nesting,_Shetland" title="Nesting, Shetland">Nesting</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Out_Skerries" title="Out Skerries">Skerries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Whalsay" title="Whalsay">Whalsay</a></td> <td align="right">105.6</td> <td align="right">1,759</td> <td align="right">16.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Northmavine" title="Northmavine">Northmavine</a></td> <td></td> <td align="right">204.1</td> <td align="right">741</td> <td align="right">3.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sandsting" title="Sandsting">Sandsting</a></td> <td></td> <td align="right">162.4</td> <td align="right">831</td> <td align="right">5.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tingwall,_Shetland" title="Tingwall, Shetland">Tingwall</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Scalloway" title="Scalloway">Scalloway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trondra" title="Trondra">Trondra</a></td> <td align="right">118.9</td> <td align="right">3,091</td> <td align="right">26.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unst" title="Unst">Unst</a></td> <td></td> <td align="right">122.2</td> <td align="right">632</td> <td align="right">5.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Walls,_Shetland" title="Walls, Shetland">Walls</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sandness" title="Sandness">Sandness</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Foula" title="Foula">Foula</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papa_Stour" title="Papa Stour">Papa Stour</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vaila" title="Vaila">Vaila</a></td> <td align="right">78.6</td> <td align="right">978</td> <td align="right">12.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yell,_Shetland" title="Yell, Shetland">Yell</a></td> <td></td> <td align="right">211.7</td> <td align="right">966</td> <td align="right">4.6 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#e8e8e8;" class="sortbottom"> <td>Shetland</td> <td></td> <td align="right">1,357.1</td> <td align="right">23,167</td> <td align="right">17.1 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break" style="padding-left: 1em;"> <div role="img" class="noresize" style="width: 350px; font-size: 85%; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shetland_UK_parish_map_(blank).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Shetland_UK_parish_map_%28blank%29.svg/350px-Shetland_UK_parish_map_%28blank%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="666" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Shetland_UK_parish_map_%28blank%29.svg/525px-Shetland_UK_parish_map_%28blank%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Shetland_UK_parish_map_%28blank%29.svg/700px-Shetland_UK_parish_map_%28blank%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="832" data-file-height="1582" /></a></span> <div style="position:absolute; left:199.8px; top:403.6px"><small><a href="/wiki/Dunrossness" title="Dunrossness">Dunrossness</a></small></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:219.4px; top:359.5px"><small><a href="/wiki/Lerwick" title="Lerwick">Lerwick</a></small></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:248.8px; top:349.7px"><small><a href="/wiki/Bressay" title="Bressay">Bressay</a></small></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:199.8px; top:325.2px"><small><a href="/wiki/Tingwall,_Shetland" title="Tingwall, Shetland">Tingwall</a></small></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:150.8px; top:286px"><small><a href="/wiki/Sandsting" title="Sandsting">Sandsting</a></small></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:57.7px; top:290.9px"><small><a href="/wiki/Walls,_Shetland_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Walls, Shetland Islands">Walls</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sandness" title="Sandness">Sandness</a></small></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:229.2px; top:266.4px"><small><a href="/wiki/Nesting,_Shetland" title="Nesting, Shetland">Nesting</a></small></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:194.9px; top:232.1px"><small><a href="/wiki/Delting" title="Delting">Delting</a></small></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:150.8px; top:178.2px"><small><a href="/wiki/Northmavine" title="Northmavine">Northmavine</a></small></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:248.8px; top:143.9px"><small><a href="/wiki/Yell,_Shetland" title="Yell, Shetland">Yell</a></small></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:297.8px; top:124.3px"><small><a href="/wiki/Fetlar" title="Fetlar">Fetlar</a></small></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:297.8px; top:60.6px"><small><a href="/wiki/Unst" title="Unst">Unst</a></small></div> </div> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Community_councils">Community councils</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shetland&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Community councils"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/List_of_community_council_areas_in_Scotland" title="List of community council areas in Scotland">Community councils</a> were created in 1975 as part of the wider reforms that year. They have no statutory powers, but serve as a representative body for their communities. Shetland Islands Council designates community council areas, but a community council is only formed if there is sufficient interest from the residents. Shetland comprises the following communities, all of which have community councils operating as at 2024:<sup id="cite_ref-185" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li>Bressay</li> <li>Burra and Trondra</li> <li>Delting</li> <li>Dunrossness</li> <li>Fetlar</li> <li>Gulberwick, Quarff and Cunningsburgh</li> <li>Lerwick</li> <li>Nesting and Lunnasting</li> <li>Northmavine</li> <li>Sandness and Walls</li> <li>Sandsting and Aithsting</li> <li>Sandwick</li> <li>Scalloway</li> <li>Skerries</li> <li>Tingwall, Whiteness and Weisdale</li> <li>Unst</li> <li>Whalsay</li> <li>Yell</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shetland&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of early 2021, Shetland had 22 primary schools, five junior high schools, and two high schools: <a href="/wiki/Anderson_High_School,_Lerwick" title="Anderson High School, Lerwick">Anderson High School</a> and Brae High School.<sup id="cite_ref-Schools_and_Education_186-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schools_and_Education-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-187" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shetland College UHI is a partner of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Highlands_and_Islands" title="University of the Highlands and Islands">University of the Highlands and Islands</a> (UHI). UHI's Centre for Rural Creativity partners with Shetland Arts Development Agency to provide courses on film, music and media up to Masters level at Mareel. The North Atlantic Fisheries College (NAFC) also operates in partnership with UHI offering "a range of training courses relevant to the maritime industries".<sup id="cite_ref-Schools_and_Education_186-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schools_and_Education-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Institute for Northern Studies, operated by UHI, provides "postgraduate teaching and research programmes"; one of the three locations is at Shetland.<sup id="cite_ref-188" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shetland&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Shetland_Football_Association" title="Shetland Football Association">Shetland Football Association</a> oversees two divisions — a Premier League and a Reserve League — which are affiliated with the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Amateur_Football_Association" title="Scottish Amateur Football Association">Scottish Amateur Football Association</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-189" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seasons take place during summer. </p><p>The islands are represented by the <a href="/wiki/Shetland_football_team" title="Shetland football team">Shetland football team</a>, which regularly competes in the <a href="/wiki/Island_Games" title="Island Games">Island Games</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Churches_and_religion">Churches and religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shetland&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Churches and religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:DarkGray; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 169.0907655785px; border-left-color:Yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Yellow"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 145.17498250101px; border-left-color:PaleGreen"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:PaleGreen"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:PaleGreen"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 137.63819204712px; border-left-color:PowderBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:PowderBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:PowderBlue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 28.372565943692px; border-left-color:DodgerBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:DodgerBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:DodgerBlue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 1.8851788690787px; border-left-color:Cyan"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Cyan"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Cyan"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:0; border-width:0 336.30070498072px 100px 0; border-right-color:LightGray"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;right:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 100px 0;border-color:LightGray"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Religion in Shetland (2011)<sup id="cite_ref-Area_Profiles_190-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Area_Profiles-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:LightGray; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">Non-religious</a> (45.4%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Cyan; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scotland" title="Church of Scotland">Church of Scotland</a> (29.9%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:DodgerBlue; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> (4.1%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:PowderBlue; color:black;"> </span> Other <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a> (10.6%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:PaleGreen; color:black;"> </span> Islam (0.4%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Yellow; color:black;"> </span> Other religions (1.1%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:DarkGray; color:black;"> </span> Not stated (8.5%)</div> </div> </div></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Reformation</a> reached the archipelago in 1560. This was an apparently peaceful transition and there is little evidence of religious intolerance in Shetland's recorded history.<sup id="cite_ref-191" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-191"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 2011 census, Shetland registered a higher proportion of people with no religion than the Scottish average.<sup id="cite_ref-Area_Profiles_190-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Area_Profiles-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, a variety of religious denominations are represented in the islands. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Haroldswick_Church.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Haroldswick_Church.jpg/290px-Haroldswick_Church.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Haroldswick_Church.jpg/435px-Haroldswick_Church.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Haroldswick_Church.jpg/580px-Haroldswick_Church.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="1816" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Haroldswick" title="Haroldswick">Haroldswick</a> Church, the most northerly church building in the United Kingdom</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Methodist_Church_of_Great_Britain" title="Methodist Church of Great Britain">Methodist Church</a> has a relatively high membership in Shetland, which is a District of the Methodist Church (with the rest of Scotland comprising a separate District).<sup id="cite_ref-192" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scotland" title="Church of Scotland">Church of Scotland</a> had a <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_polity" title="Presbyterian polity">Presbytery</a> of Shetland that includes <a href="/wiki/Lerwick_and_Bressay_Parish_Church" title="Lerwick and Bressay Parish Church">St. Columba's Church</a> in Lerwick.<sup id="cite_ref-193" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-193"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 1 June 2020 the Presbytery of Shetland merged with the Presbytery of Aberdeen becoming the Presbytery of Aberdeen and Shetland. In addition there was further church reorganisation in the islands with a series of church closures and all parishes merging into one, covering the whole of Shetland. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a> population is served by the church of St. Margaret and the Sacred Heart in Lerwick. The parish is part of the Diocese of Aberdeen. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Episcopal_Church" title="Scottish Episcopal Church">Scottish Episcopal Church</a> (part of the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a>) has regular worship at: St Magnus' Church, Lerwick; St Colman's Church, Burravoe; and the Chapel of Christ the Encompasser, Fetlar, the last of which is maintained by the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Our_Lady_of_the_Isles" title="Society of Our Lady of the Isles">Society of Our Lady of the Isles</a>, the most northerly and remote <a href="/wiki/Anglican_religious_order" title="Anglican religious order">Anglican religious order</a> of nuns. </p><p><a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a> has a congregation in Lerwick. The former print works and offices of the local newspaper, The Shetland Times, has been converted into a chapel. <a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a> has a congregation and Kingdom Hall in Lerwick. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shetland&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shetland is represented in the <a href="/wiki/British_House_of_Commons" class="mw-redirect" title="British House of Commons">House of Commons</a> as part of the <a href="/wiki/Orkney_and_Shetland_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Orkney and Shetland (UK Parliament constituency)">Orkney and Shetland</a> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_constituencies" title="United Kingdom constituencies">constituency</a>, which elects one <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">Member of Parliament</a> (MP). As of May 2023, and since <a href="/wiki/2001_UK_general_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2001 UK general election">2001</a>, the MP is <a href="/wiki/Alistair_Carmichael" title="Alistair Carmichael">Alistair Carmichael</a>, a Liberal Democrat.<sup id="cite_ref-194" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-194"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This seat has been held by the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrats</a> or their predecessors the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal Party</a> since <a href="/wiki/1950_UK_general_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1950 UK general election">1950</a>, longer than any other seat in the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-195" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-195"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-196" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-196"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-197" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-197"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Parliament" title="Scottish Parliament">Scottish Parliament</a> the <a href="/wiki/Shetland_(Scottish_Parliament_constituency)" title="Shetland (Scottish Parliament constituency)">Shetland</a> constituency elects one <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Scottish_Parliament" title="Member of the Scottish Parliament">Member of the Scottish Parliament</a> (MSP) by the <a href="/wiki/Plurality_voting_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Plurality voting system">first past the post</a> system. <a href="/wiki/Tavish_Scott" title="Tavish Scott">Tavish Scott</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Liberal_Democrats" title="Scottish Liberal Democrats">Scottish Liberal Democrats</a> had held the seat since the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Parliament" title="Scottish Parliament">Scottish Parliament</a> in 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-198" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-198"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Beatrice_Wishart" title="Beatrice Wishart">Beatrice Wishart</a> MSP, also of the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Liberal_Democrats" title="Scottish Liberal Democrats">Scottish Liberal Democrats</a>, was elected to replace Tavish Scott in August 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-199" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-199"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shetland is also within the <a href="/wiki/Highlands_and_Islands_(Scottish_Parliament_electoral_region)" title="Highlands and Islands (Scottish Parliament electoral region)">Highlands and Islands</a> <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Parliament_constituencies_and_regions" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Parliament constituencies and regions">electoral region</a> which elects seven MSPs. </p><p>The political composition of the Shetland Islands Council is 21 <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independents</a> and 1 <a href="/wiki/Scottish_National_Party" title="Scottish National Party">Scottish National Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-200" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-200"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>189<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2014_Scottish_independence_referendum" title="2014 Scottish independence referendum">2014 referendum on Scottish independence from the United Kingdom</a>, Shetland voted to remain in the United Kingdom by the third largest margin of the 32 local authority areas, by 63.71% to 36.29% in favour of the Union. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum</a>, Shetland voted for the UK to remain an <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">EU</a> <a href="/wiki/Member_state_of_the_European_Union" title="Member state of the European Union">member state</a>, with 56.5% voting to remain and 43.5% voting to leave. In comparison to the rest of Scotland, Shetland had lower-than-average support for remaining in the <a href="/wiki/EU" class="mw-redirect" title="EU">EU</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Wir_Shetland" title="Wir Shetland">Wir Shetland</a> movement was set up in 2015 to campaign for greater autonomy.<sup id="cite_ref-201" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-201"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>190<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 2020, the Shetland Islands Council voted 18–2 to explore replacing the council with a new system of government which controls a fairer share of the islands revenue streams and has a greater influence over their own affairs, which could include very lucrative oil fields and fishing waters.<sup id="cite_ref-Shetland_News_202-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shetland_News-202"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2022, as part of the <a href="/wiki/Levelling_up_policy_of_the_Boris_Johnson_government#White_paper" class="mw-redirect" title="Levelling up policy of the Boris Johnson government">Levelling Up White Paper</a>, an "Island Forum" was proposed, which would allow local policymakers and residents in Shetland to work alongside their counterparts in <a href="/wiki/Orkney" title="Orkney">Orkney</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Outer_Hebrides" title="Outer Hebrides">Western Isles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anglesey" title="Anglesey">Anglesey</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight" title="Isle of Wight">Isle of Wight</a> on common issues, such as broadband connectivity, and provide a platform for them to communicate directly with the government on the challenges island communities face in terms of levelling up.<sup id="cite_ref-203" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-203"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>192<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-204" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-204"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>193<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Flag">Flag</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shetland&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Flag"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Roy Grönneberg, who founded the local chapter of the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_National_Party" title="Scottish National Party">Scottish National Party</a> in 1966, designed the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Shetland" title="Flag of Shetland">flag of Shetland</a> in cooperation with Bill Adams to mark the 500th anniversary of the transfer of the islands from Norway to Scotland. The colours are identical to those of the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Scotland" title="Flag of Scotland">flag of Scotland</a>, but are shaped in the <a href="/wiki/Nordic_cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Nordic cross">Nordic cross</a>. After several unsuccessful attempts, including a <a href="/wiki/Referendum" title="Referendum">plebiscite</a> in 1985, the <a href="/wiki/Lord_Lyon_King_of_Arms" title="Lord Lyon King of Arms">Lord Lyon King of Arms</a> approved it as the official flag of Shetland in 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-flag_205-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-flag-205"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-206" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-206"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Local_culture_and_the_arts">Local culture and the arts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shetland&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Local culture and the arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shetland_crofthouse_museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Shetland_crofthouse_museum.jpg/250px-Shetland_crofthouse_museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Shetland_crofthouse_museum.jpg/375px-Shetland_crofthouse_museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Shetland_crofthouse_museum.jpg/500px-Shetland_crofthouse_museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>The Shetland <a href="/wiki/Croft_(land)" title="Croft (land)">Crofthouse</a> museum</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UpHellyAa3(AnneBurgess)30Jan1973.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/UpHellyAa3%28AnneBurgess%2930Jan1973.jpg/250px-UpHellyAa3%28AnneBurgess%2930Jan1973.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/UpHellyAa3%28AnneBurgess%2930Jan1973.jpg/375px-UpHellyAa3%28AnneBurgess%2930Jan1973.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/UpHellyAa3%28AnneBurgess%2930Jan1973.jpg/500px-UpHellyAa3%28AnneBurgess%2930Jan1973.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="420" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Lerwick" title="Lerwick">Lerwick</a> <a href="/wiki/Up_Helly_Aa" title="Up Helly Aa">Up Helly Aa</a></figcaption></figure> <p>After the islands were officially transferred from Norway to Scotland in 1472, several Scots families from the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Lowlands" title="Scottish Lowlands">Scottish Lowlands</a> emigrated to Shetland in the 16th and 17th centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-Macdougall1982_207-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Macdougall1982-207"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>195<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Goodacre_208-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goodacre-208"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Studies of the genetic makeup of the islands' population, however, indicate that Shetlanders are just under half Scandinavian in origin, and sizeable amounts of Scandinavian ancestry, both patrilineal and matrilineal, have been reported in Orkney (55%) and Shetland (68%).<sup id="cite_ref-Goodacre_208-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goodacre-208"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This combination is reflected in many aspects of local life. For example, almost every place name in use can be traced back to the Vikings.<sup id="cite_ref-209" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-209"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>197<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Lerwick <a href="/wiki/Up_Helly_Aa" title="Up Helly Aa">Up Helly Aa</a> is one of several fire festivals held in Shetland annually in the middle of winter, starting on the last Tuesday of January.<sup id="cite_ref-210" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-210"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>198<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The festival is just over 100 years old in its present, highly organised form. Originally held to break up the long nights of winter and mark the end of <a href="/wiki/Yule" title="Yule">Yule</a>, the festival has become one celebrating the isles' heritage and includes a procession of men dressed as Vikings and the burning of a replica <a href="/wiki/Longship" title="Longship">longship</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-211" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-211"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>199<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shetland also competes in the biennial <a href="/wiki/International_Island_Games_Association" title="International Island Games Association">International Island Games</a>, which it hosted in <a href="/wiki/2005_Island_Games" title="2005 Island Games">2005</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-212" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-212"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>200<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Cuisine" title="Cuisine">cuisine</a> of Shetland is based on locally produced lamb, beef and seafood, some of it <a href="/wiki/Organic_food" title="Organic food">organic</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Real_ale" title="Real ale">real ale</a>-producing <a href="/wiki/Valhalla_Brewery" title="Valhalla Brewery">Valhalla Brewery</a> is the most northerly in Britain. The Shetland Black is a variety of <a href="/wiki/Blue_potato" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue potato">blue potato</a> with a dark skin and indigo-coloured flesh markings.<sup id="cite_ref-213" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-213"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>201<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shetland&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Norn_language" title="Norn language">Norn language</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shetland_dialect" title="Shetland dialect">Shetland dialect</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Norn_language" title="Norn language">Norn language</a> was a form of <a href="/wiki/Old_Norse_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Norse language">Old Norse</a> spoken in the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Isles" title="Northern Isles">Northern Isles</a>, and continued to be spoken until the 18th century. It was gradually replaced in Shetland by an insular dialect of <a href="/wiki/Scots_language" title="Scots language">Scots</a>, known as <a href="/wiki/Shetland_dialect" title="Shetland dialect">Shetlandic</a>, which is in turn being replaced by <a href="/wiki/Scottish_English" title="Scottish English">Scottish English</a>. Although Norn was spoken for hundreds of years, it is now extinct and few written sources remain, although influences remain in the <a href="/wiki/Insular_Scots" title="Insular Scots">Insular Scots</a> dialects.<sup id="cite_ref-214" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-214"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>202<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Shetland dialect is used in local radio and dialect writing, and is kept alive by organisations such as Shetland Forwirds, and the <a href="/wiki/Shetland_Folk_Society" title="Shetland Folk Society">Shetland Folk Society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-215" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-215"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>203<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-216" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-216"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>204<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-217" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-217"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>205<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shetland&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shetland's culture and landscapes have inspired a variety of musicians, writers and film-makers. <a href="/wiki/The_Forty_Fiddlers" class="mw-redirect" title="The Forty Fiddlers">The Forty Fiddlers</a> was formed in the 1950s to promote the traditional fiddle style, which is a vibrant part of local culture today.<sup id="cite_ref-218" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-218"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>206<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Notable exponents of Shetland folk music include <a href="/wiki/Aly_Bain" title="Aly Bain">Aly Bain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jenna_Reid" title="Jenna Reid">Jenna Reid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fiddlers%27_Bid" title="Fiddlers' Bid">Fiddlers' Bid</a>, and the late <a href="/wiki/Tom_Anderson_(fiddler)" title="Tom Anderson (fiddler)">Tom Anderson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peerie_Willie_Johnson" title="Peerie Willie Johnson">Peerie Willie Johnson</a>. <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fraser_(singer)" title="Thomas Fraser (singer)">Thomas Fraser</a> was a <a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">country musician</a> who never released a commercial recording during his life, but whose work has become popular more than 20 years after his death in 1978.<sup id="cite_ref-219" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-219"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>207<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The annual Shetland Folk Festival began in 1981 and is hosted on the first weekend of May.<sup id="cite_ref-220" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-220"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>208<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Writers">Writers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shetland&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Writers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Walter_Scott" title="Walter Scott">Walter Scott</a>'s 1822 novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Pirate_(novel)" title="The Pirate (novel)">The Pirate</a></i> is set in "a remote part of Shetland", and was inspired by his 1814 visit to the islands. The name <i>Jarlshof</i> meaning "Earl's Mansion" is a coinage of his.<sup id="cite_ref-Gaz_221-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gaz-221"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>209<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Cowie" title="Robert Cowie">Robert Cowie</a>, a doctor born in Lerwick published the 1874 work entitled <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/shetlanddescrip01cowigoog"><i>Shetland: Descriptive and Historical; Being a Graduation Thesis on the Inhabitants of the Shetland Islands; and a Topographical Description of the Country</i></a>. Menzies. 1874.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shetland%3A+Descriptive+and+Historical%3B+Being+a+Graduation+Thesis+on+the+Inhabitants+of+the+Shetland+Islands%3B+and+a+Topographical+Description+of+the+Country&rft.pub=Menzies&rft.date=1874&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fshetlanddescrip01cowigoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShetland" class="Z3988"></span> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Hugh_MacDiarmid" title="Hugh MacDiarmid">Hugh MacDiarmid</a>, the Scots poet and writer, lived in Whalsay from the mid-1930s through 1942, and wrote many poems there, including a number that directly address or reflect the Shetland environment, such as "On A Raised Beach", which was inspired by a visit to <a href="/wiki/West_Linga" title="West Linga">West Linga</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-222" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-222"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>210<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1975 novel <i>North Star</i> by <a href="/wiki/Hammond_Innes" title="Hammond Innes">Hammond Innes</a> is largely set in Shetland and <a href="/wiki/Raman_Mundair" title="Raman Mundair">Raman Mundair</a>'s 2007 book of poetry <i>A Choreographer's Cartography</i> offers a British Asian perspective on the landscape.<sup id="cite_ref-223" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-223"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>211<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Shetland Quartet</i> by <a href="/wiki/Ann_Cleeves" title="Ann Cleeves">Ann Cleeves</a>, who previously lived in <a href="/wiki/Fair_Isle" title="Fair Isle">Fair Isle</a>, is a series of crime novels set around the islands.<sup id="cite_ref-224" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-224"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>212<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2013, her novel <i>Red Bones</i> became the basis of <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> crime drama television series <i><a href="/wiki/Shetland_(TV_series)" title="Shetland (TV series)">Shetland</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-225" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-225"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>213<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Vagaland" title="Vagaland">Vagaland</a>, who grew up in Walls, was arguably Shetland's finest poet of the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-226" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-226"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>214<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Haldane_Burgess" title="Haldane Burgess">Haldane Burgess</a> was a Shetland historian, poet, novelist, violinist, linguist and socialist, and <a href="/wiki/Rhoda_Bulter" title="Rhoda Bulter">Rhoda Bulter</a> (1929–1994) is one of the best-known Shetland poets of recent times. Other 20th- and 21st-century poets and novelists include <a href="/wiki/Christine_De_Luca" title="Christine De Luca">Christine De Luca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Alan_Jamieson" title="Robert Alan Jamieson">Robert Alan Jamieson</a> who grew up in <a href="/wiki/Sandness" title="Sandness">Sandness</a>, the late <a href="/wiki/Lollie_Graham" title="Lollie Graham">Lollie Graham</a> of <a href="/wiki/Veensgarth" title="Veensgarth">Veensgarth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stella_Sutherland" title="Stella Sutherland">Stella Sutherland</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bressay" title="Bressay">Bressay</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-227" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-227"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>215<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the late William J. Tait from Yell<sup id="cite_ref-228" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-228"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>216<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Laureen Johnson.<sup id="cite_ref-229" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-229"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>217<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is one monthly magazine in production: <i>Shetland</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-230" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-230"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>218<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The quarterly <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Shetlander" title="The New Shetlander">The New Shetlander</a></i>, founded in 1947, is said to be Scotland's longest-running literary magazine.<sup id="cite_ref-231" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-231"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>219<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For much of the later 20th century, it was the major vehicle for the work of local writers — and of others, including early work by <a href="/wiki/George_Mackay_Brown" title="George Mackay Brown">George Mackay Brown</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-232" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-232"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>220<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Films_and_television">Films and television</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shetland&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Films and television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Michael_Powell" title="Michael Powell">Michael Powell</a> made <i><a href="/wiki/The_Edge_of_the_World" title="The Edge of the World">The Edge of the World</a></i> in 1937, a dramatisation based on the true story of the evacuation of the last 36 inhabitants of the remote island of <a href="/wiki/St_Kilda,_Scotland" title="St Kilda, Scotland">St Kilda</a> on 29 August 1930. St Kilda lies in the Atlantic Ocean, 64 km (40 mi) west of the <a href="/wiki/Outer_Hebrides" title="Outer Hebrides">Outer Hebrides</a> but Powell was unable to get permission to film there. Undaunted, he made the film over four months during the summer of 1936 in Foula and the film transposes these events to Shetland. Forty years later, the documentary <i><a href="/wiki/Return_to_the_Edge_of_the_World" class="mw-redirect" title="Return to the Edge of the World">Return to the Edge of the World</a></i> was filmed, capturing a reunion of cast and crew of the film as they revisited the island in 1978. </p><p>A number of other films have been made on or about Shetland including <i>A Crofter's Life in Shetland</i> (1932),<sup id="cite_ref-233" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-233"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>221<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>A Shetland Lyric</i> (1934),<sup id="cite_ref-234" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-234"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>222<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_Gate_(2004_film)" title="Devil's Gate (2004 film)">Devil's Gate</a></i> (2003) and <i><a href="/wiki/It%27s_Nice_Up_North" title="It's Nice Up North">It's Nice Up North</a></i> (2006), a comedy documentary by <a href="/wiki/Graham_Fellows" title="Graham Fellows">Graham Fellows</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Screenplay_film_festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Screenplay film festival">Screenplay film festival</a> takes place annually in <a href="/wiki/Mareel" title="Mareel">Mareel</a>, a cinema, music and education venue. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/BBC_One" title="BBC One">BBC One</a> television series <i><a href="/wiki/Shetland_(TV_series)" title="Shetland (TV series)">Shetland</a></i>, a crime drama, is set in the islands and is based on the book series by <a href="/wiki/Ann_Cleeves" title="Ann Cleeves">Ann Cleeves</a>. The programme is filmed partly in Shetland and partly on the Scottish mainland.<sup id="cite_ref-235" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-235"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>223<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-236" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-236"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>224<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wildlife">Wildlife</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shetland&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Wildlife"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edmondston%27s_Chickweed,_Keen_of_Hamar_CRW_2437.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Edmondston%27s_Chickweed%2C_Keen_of_Hamar_CRW_2437.JPG/290px-Edmondston%27s_Chickweed%2C_Keen_of_Hamar_CRW_2437.JPG" decoding="async" width="290" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Edmondston%27s_Chickweed%2C_Keen_of_Hamar_CRW_2437.JPG/435px-Edmondston%27s_Chickweed%2C_Keen_of_Hamar_CRW_2437.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Edmondston%27s_Chickweed%2C_Keen_of_Hamar_CRW_2437.JPG/580px-Edmondston%27s_Chickweed%2C_Keen_of_Hamar_CRW_2437.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="427" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Shetland_mouse-ear" class="mw-redirect" title="Shetland mouse-ear">Shetland mouse-ear</a> (<i>Cerastium nigrescens</i>), on the <a href="/wiki/Keen_of_Hamar" title="Keen of Hamar">Keen of Hamar</a> reserve, <a href="/wiki/Unst" title="Unst">Unst</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Shetland has three <a href="/wiki/National_nature_reserve_(United_Kingdom)" title="National nature reserve (United Kingdom)">national nature reserves</a>, at the seabird colonies of <a href="/wiki/Hermaness" title="Hermaness">Hermaness</a> and <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Noss" title="Isle of Noss">Noss</a>, and at <a href="/wiki/Keen_of_Hamar" title="Keen of Hamar">Keen of Hamar</a> to preserve the <a href="/wiki/Serpentine_soil" title="Serpentine soil">serpentine</a> flora. There are a further 81 <a href="/wiki/SSSIs" class="mw-redirect" title="SSSIs">SSSIs</a>, which cover 66% or more of the land surfaces of <a href="/wiki/Fair_Isle" title="Fair Isle">Fair Isle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papa_Stour" title="Papa Stour">Papa Stour</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fetlar" title="Fetlar">Fetlar</a>, Noss, and <a href="/wiki/Foula" title="Foula">Foula</a>. Mainland has 45 separate sites.<sup id="cite_ref-SIC52_237-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIC52-237"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>225<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flora">Flora</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shetland&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Flora"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The landscape in Shetland is marked by the grazing of <a href="/wiki/Sheep" title="Sheep">sheep</a> and the harsh conditions have limited the total number of plant species to about 400. Native <a href="/wiki/Tree" title="Tree">trees</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Sorbus_aucuparia" title="Sorbus aucuparia">rowan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malus_sylvestris" title="Malus sylvestris">crab apple</a> are only found in a few isolated places such as cliffs and loch islands. The flora is dominated by Arctic-alpine plants, wild flowers, <a href="/wiki/Moss" title="Moss">moss</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lichen" title="Lichen">lichen</a>. <a href="/wiki/Scilla_verna" title="Scilla verna">Spring squill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plantago_coronopus" title="Plantago coronopus">buck's-horn plantain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scots_lovage" class="mw-redirect" title="Scots lovage">Scots lovage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhodiola_rosea" title="Rhodiola rosea">roseroot</a> and <a href="/wiki/Silene_uniflora" title="Silene uniflora">sea campion</a> are abundant, especially in sheltered places. Shetland mouse-ear (<i><a href="/wiki/Cerastium_nigrescens" title="Cerastium nigrescens">Cerastium nigrescens</a></i>) is an <a href="/wiki/Endemism" title="Endemism">endemic</a> flowering plant found only in Shetland. It was first recorded in 1837 by botanist <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edmondston" title="Thomas Edmondston">Thomas Edmondston</a>. Although reported from two other sites in the nineteenth century, it currently grows only on two serpentine hills in the island of Unst. The nationally scarce <a href="/wiki/Mertensia" title="Mertensia">oysterplant</a> is found in several islands and the British <a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">Red Listed</a> <a href="/wiki/Bryophyte" title="Bryophyte">bryophyte</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Thamnobryum" title="Thamnobryum">Thamnobryum alopecurum</a></i> has also been recorded.<sup id="cite_ref-238" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-238"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>226<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-239" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-239"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>227<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-240" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-240"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>228<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-241" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-241"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>229<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Listed marine algae include: <i><a href="/wiki/Polysiphonia_fibrillosa" title="Polysiphonia fibrillosa">Polysiphonia fibrillosa</a></i> (Dillwyn) Sprengel and <i><a href="/wiki/Polysiphonia_atlantica" title="Polysiphonia atlantica">Polysiphonia atlantica</a></i> Kapraun and J.Norris, <i><a href="/wiki/Polysiphonia_brodiaei" class="mw-redirect" title="Polysiphonia brodiaei">Polysiphonia brodiaei</a></i> (Dillwyn) Sprengel, <i><a href="/wiki/Polysiphonia_elongata" title="Polysiphonia elongata">Polysiphonia elongata</a></i> (Hudson) Sprengel, <i><a href="/wiki/Polysiphonia_elongella" title="Polysiphonia elongella">Polysiphonia elongella</a></i>, Harvey.<sup id="cite_ref-242" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-242"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>230<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Shetland Monkeyflower is unique to Shetland and is a mutation of the <a href="/wiki/Erythranthe" title="Erythranthe">Monkeyflower</a> <i>(mimulus guttatus</i>) introduced to Shetland in the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-243" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-243"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>231<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-244" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-244"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>232<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-245" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-245"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>233<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fauna">Fauna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shetland&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Fauna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Puffin_Party_IMG_3348_(19674441423).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Puffin_Party_IMG_3348_%2819674441423%29.jpg/290px-Puffin_Party_IMG_3348_%2819674441423%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Puffin_Party_IMG_3348_%2819674441423%29.jpg/435px-Puffin_Party_IMG_3348_%2819674441423%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Puffin_Party_IMG_3348_%2819674441423%29.jpg/580px-Puffin_Party_IMG_3348_%2819674441423%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2319" /></a><figcaption>Atlantic puffin in the Shetland Islands</figcaption></figure> <p>Shetland has numerous seabird colonies. Birds found in the islands include <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_puffin" title="Atlantic puffin">Atlantic puffin</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_storm-petrel" class="mw-redirect" title="European storm-petrel">storm-petrel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red-throated_diver" class="mw-redirect" title="Red-throated diver">red-throated diver</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_gannet" title="Northern gannet">northern gannet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Great_skua" title="Great skua">great skua</a> (locally called "bonxie").<sup id="cite_ref-SNH_2008_p._16_246-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SNH_2008_p._16-246"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>234<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Numerous rarities have also been recorded including <a href="/wiki/Black-browed_albatross" title="Black-browed albatross">black-browed albatross</a> and <a href="/wiki/Snow_goose" title="Snow goose">snow goose</a>. A single pair of <a href="/wiki/Snowy_owl" title="Snowy owl">snowy owls</a> bred in Fetlar from 1967 to 1975.<sup id="cite_ref-SNH_2008_p._16_246-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SNH_2008_p._16-246"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>234<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Guinn_247-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guinn-247"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>235<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-248" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-248"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>236<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Shetland_wren" title="Shetland wren">Shetland wren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fair_Isle_wren" title="Fair Isle wren">Fair Isle wren</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shetland_starling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shetland starling (page does not exist)">Shetland starling</a> are subspecies <a href="/wiki/Endemism" title="Endemism">endemic</a> to Shetland.<sup id="cite_ref-249" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-249"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>237<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Endemic_250-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Endemic-250"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>238<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are also populations of various moorland birds such as <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_curlew" title="Eurasian curlew">curlew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_lapwing" title="Northern lapwing">lapwing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Common_snipe" title="Common snipe">snipe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_golden_plover" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurasian golden plover">golden plover</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-251" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-251"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>239<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the early <a href="/wiki/Ornithologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Ornithologist">ornithologists</a> that wrote about the wealth of birdlife in Shetland was <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Selous" title="Edmund Selous">Edmund Selous</a> (1857–1934) in his book <i>The Bird Watcher in the Shetlands</i> (1905).<sup id="cite_ref-selous_252-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-selous-252"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>240<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He wrote extensively about the gulls and terns, about the <a href="/wiki/Arctic_skua" class="mw-redirect" title="Arctic skua">arctic skuas</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Black_guillemot" title="Black guillemot">black guillemots</a> and many other birds (and the seals) of the islands. </p><p>The geographical isolation and recent glacial history of Shetland have resulted in a depleted mammalian fauna and the <a href="/wiki/Brown_rat" title="Brown rat">brown rat</a> and <a href="/wiki/House_mouse" title="House mouse">house mouse</a> are two of only three species of rodent present in the islands. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shetland_field_mouse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shetland field mouse (page does not exist)">Shetland field mouse</a> is the third and the archipelago's fourth endemic subspecies, of which there are three varieties in Yell, Foula, and Fair Isle.<sup id="cite_ref-Endemic_250-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Endemic-250"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>238<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are variants of <i><a href="/wiki/Wood_mouse" title="Wood mouse">Apodemus sylvaticus</a></i> and archaeological evidence suggests that this species was present during the Middle <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a> (around 200 BC to 400 CE). It is possible that <i>Apodemus</i> was introduced from Orkney where a population has existed since at the least the <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-253" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-253"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>241<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Domesticated_animals">Domesticated animals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shetland&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Domesticated animals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chilling_Out_MG_9137_(34618081391).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Chilling_Out_MG_9137_%2834618081391%29.jpg/290px-Chilling_Out_MG_9137_%2834618081391%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Chilling_Out_MG_9137_%2834618081391%29.jpg/435px-Chilling_Out_MG_9137_%2834618081391%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Chilling_Out_MG_9137_%2834618081391%29.jpg/580px-Chilling_Out_MG_9137_%2834618081391%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4820" data-file-height="2766" /></a><figcaption>Shetland ponies</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Shetland_animal_breeds" title="Shetland animal breeds">Shetland animal breeds</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_domesticated_Scottish_breeds" class="mw-redirect" title="List of domesticated Scottish breeds">List of domesticated Scottish breeds</a></div> <p>There is a variety of indigenous breeds, of which the diminutive <a href="/wiki/Shetland_pony" title="Shetland pony">Shetland pony</a> is probably the best known, as well as being an important part of the Shetland farming tradition. The first written record of the pony was in 1603 in the Court Books of Shetland and, for its size, it is the strongest of all the horse breeds.<sup id="cite_ref-spsbs_254-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spsbs-254"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>242<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-255" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-255"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>243<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others are the <a href="/wiki/Shetland_Sheepdog" title="Shetland Sheepdog">Shetland Sheepdog</a> or "Sheltie", the endangered <a href="/wiki/Shetland_cattle" title="Shetland cattle">Shetland cattle</a><sup id="cite_ref-256" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-256"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>244<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Shetland_goose" title="Shetland goose">Shetland goose</a><sup id="cite_ref-257" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-257"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>245<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-258" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-258"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>246<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Shetland_sheep" title="Shetland sheep">Shetland sheep</a> which is believed to have originated prior to 1000 AD.<sup id="cite_ref-259" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-259"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>247<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Grice" title="Grice">Grice</a> was a breed of semi-domesticated pig that had a habit of attacking lambs. It became extinct sometime between the middle of the nineteenth century and the 1930s.<sup id="cite_ref-260" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-260"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>248<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shetland&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4f/ScottishIsles.jpg/18px-ScottishIsles.jpg" decoding="async" width="18" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4f/ScottishIsles.jpg/26px-ScottishIsles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4f/ScottishIsles.jpg/35px-ScottishIsles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="63" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Scottish_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Scottish Islands">Scottish Islands portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/48px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/64px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Scotland" title="Portal:Scotland">Scotland portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/28px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/42px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/56px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islands" title="Portal:Islands">Islands portal</a></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lists">Lists</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shetland&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Lists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of counties of the United Kingdom">List of counties of the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="List of islands in Scotland">List of islands in Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_populated_places_in_Shetland" title="List of populated places in Shetland">List of populated places in Shetland</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="About_Shetland">About Shetland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shetland&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: About Shetland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mavis_Grind" title="Mavis Grind">Mavis Grind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udal_law" title="Udal law">Udal law</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Others">Others</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shetland&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Others"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no"><a href="/wiki/Hjeltefjorden" title="Hjeltefjorden">Hjeltefjorden</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Florv%C3%A5g" title="Battle of Florvåg">Battle of Florvåg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6gnvald_Kali_Kolsson" title="Rögnvald Kali Kolsson">Rögnvald Kali Kolsson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_prehistoric_Scotland" title="Timeline of prehistoric Scotland">Timeline of prehistoric Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Scotland" title="Prehistoric Scotland">Prehistoric Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_status_of_Orkney,_Shetland_and_the_Western_Isles" title="Constitutional status of Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles">Constitutional status of Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shetland&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shetland, unlike much of Scotland, has "no [known] tradition of Gaelic".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Watson (1926) is sure that Tacitus was referring to Shetland, although David Breeze (2002) is more sceptical. The name <i>Thule</i> was mentioned by <a href="/wiki/Pytheas" title="Pytheas">Pytheas</a> of <a href="/wiki/Massilia" class="mw-redirect" title="Massilia">Massilia</a> when he described visiting Britain sometime between 322 and 285 BC, but it is unlikely he was referring to Shetland, because he also wrote that he believed Thule was a six-day sail north of Britain and a one-day sail from "the frozen sea".<sup id="cite_ref-Breeze_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Breeze-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As with all western dialects of Norse, the stressed <i>a</i> shifts to <i>e</i> and so the <i>ja</i> became <i>je</i> as with Norse <span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non">hjalpa</i></span> which became <span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non">hjelpa</i></span>. Then the pronunciation changed through a process of <a href="/wiki/Lenition" title="Lenition">reverse lenition</a> of the initial <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/hj/</span> to <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʃ/</span>. This is also found in some Norwegian dialects, for example in the word hjå ("with") and the place names <a href="/wiki/Hjerkinn" title="Hjerkinn">Hjerkinn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sjoa" title="Sjoa">Sjoa</a> (meaning from <i>*Hjó</i>). Lastly, the <i>l</i> before the <i>t</i> disappeared.<sup id="cite_ref-å_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-å-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shetland Islands Council state there are 15 inhabited islands, and count East and West Burra, which are joined by a bridge, as a single unit. Out Skerries has two inhabited islands: <a href="/wiki/Housay" title="Housay">Housay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bruray" title="Bruray">Bruray</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SIC4_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIC4-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Scord of Brouster site includes a cluster of six or seven walled fields and three stone circular houses that contains the earliest <a href="/wiki/Hoe_(tool)" title="Hoe (tool)">hoe</a>-blades found so far in Scotland.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Some scholars believe that this story, which appears in the <i><a href="/wiki/Orkneyinga_Saga" class="mw-redirect" title="Orkneyinga Saga">Orkneyinga Saga</a></i> is apocryphal and based on the later voyages of <a href="/wiki/Magnus_III_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnus III of Norway">Magnus Barelegs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Historians have expressed different views on whether Christian I and James III and their advisors actually expected the dowry would eventually be paid in money, or whether there was a tacit understanding between them that the transfer of the islands as the security was the more likely outcome.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Christian had apparently proceeded without the knowledge of the Norwegian <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no"><a href="/wiki/Rigsraadet" class="mw-redirect" title="Rigsraadet">Rigsraadet</a></i></span> (Council of the Realm), initially pawning Orkney for 50,000 Rhenish <a href="/wiki/Guilder" title="Guilder">guilders</a>. On 28 May 1470, he also pawned Shetland for 8,000 Rhenish guilders.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had secured a clause in the contract which gave future kings of Norway the right to redeem the islands for a fixed sum of 210 kg of gold or 2,310 kg of silver. Several attempts were made during the 17th and 18th centuries to redeem the islands, without success.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">After Norway became <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_union_between_Norway_and_Sweden" title="Dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden">independent again in 1905</a>, the Shetland authorities sent a letter to King <a href="/wiki/Haakon_VII_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Haakon VII of Norway">Haakon VII</a> in which they stated: "Today no 'foreign' flag is more familiar or more welcome in our voes and havens than that of Norway, and Shetlanders continue to look upon Norway as their mother-land, and recall with pride and affection the time when their forefathers were under the rule of the Kings of Norway".<sup id="cite_ref-Sch13_80-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sch13-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">No other part of the United Kingdom has any such oil-related fund. By comparison, as of 31 December 2010, the total value of the <a href="/wiki/The_Government_Pension_Fund_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="The Government Pension Fund of Norway">Government Pension Fund of Norway</a> was <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_krone" title="Norwegian krone">NOK</a> 3 077 billion (US$525 billion),<sup id="cite_ref-nbim110318_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nbim110318-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i.e., circa £68,000 per head.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The flag is the same design Icelandic republicans used in the early 20th century known in Iceland as <span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">Hvítbláinn</i></span>, the "white-blue".<sup id="cite_ref-flag_205-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-flag-205"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shetland&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 40em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shetlandtimes.co.uk/2016/02/02/forcing-gaelic-on-our-schools-is-wrong-says-msp">"Forcing Gaelic on our schools is wrong, says MSP"</a>. The Shetland Times. 2 February 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201031193720/https://www.shetlandtimes.co.uk/2016/02/02/forcing-gaelic-on-our-schools-is-wrong-says-msp">Archived</a> from the original on 31 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Forcing+Gaelic+on+our+schools+is+wrong%2C+says+MSP&rft.date=2016-02-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shetlandtimes.co.uk%2F2016%2F02%2F02%2Fforcing-gaelic-on-our-schools-is-wrong-says-msp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShetland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-popstats-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-popstats_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-popstats_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/datasets/populationestimatesforukenglandandwalesscotlandandnorthernireland/mid2022/mye22final.xlsx">"Mid-Year Population Estimates, UK, June 2022"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics" title="Office for National Statistics">Office for National Statistics</a></i>. 26 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Office+for+National+Statistics&rft.atitle=Mid-Year+Population+Estimates%2C+UK%2C+June+2022&rft.date=2024-03-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Ffile%3Furi%3D%2Fpeoplepopulationandcommunity%2Fpopulationandmigration%2Fpopulationestimates%2Fdatasets%2Fpopulationestimatesforukenglandandwalesscotlandandnorthernireland%2Fmid2022%2Fmye22final.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShetland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Haswell-Smith (2004) p. 406</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJennings2021" class="citation web cs1">Jennings, Stephen (9 April 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archaeologyshetland.org/post/in-depth-the-fate-of-the-picts-in-the-northern-isles">"In Depth – The Fate of the Picts in the Northern Isles"</a>. <i>archaeologyshetland</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=archaeologyshetland&rft.atitle=In+Depth+%E2%80%93+The+Fate+of+the+Picts+in+the+Northern+Isles&rft.date=2021-04-09&rft.aulast=Jennings&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archaeologyshetland.org%2Fpost%2Fin-depth-the-fate-of-the-picts-in-the-northern-isles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShetland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scotsman.com/arts-and-culture/day-1472-orkney-and-shetland-join-scotland-1512113">"On this day 1472: Orkney and Shetland join Scotland"</a>. <i>www.scotsman.com</i>. 20 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.scotsman.com&rft.atitle=On+this+day+1472%3A+Orkney+and+Shetland+join+Scotland&rft.date=2015-02-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scotsman.com%2Farts-and-culture%2Fday-1472-orkney-and-shetland-join-scotland-1512113&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShetland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShepherd2015" class="citation book cs1">Shepherd, Mike (2015). <i>Oil Strike North Sea: A first-hand history of North Sea oil</i>. Luath Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oil+Strike+North+Sea%3A+A+first-hand+history+of+North+Sea+oil.&rft.pub=Luath+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Shepherd&rft.aufirst=Mike&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShetland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shetland-heritage.co.uk/shetland-place-names">"Shetland Place Names | Shetland Heritage"</a>. <i>www.shetland-heritage.co.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.shetland-heritage.co.uk&rft.atitle=Shetland+Place+Names+%7C+Shetland+Heritage&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shetland-heritage.co.uk%2Fshetland-place-names&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShetland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fetlaraerial.com/2014/08/hjaltland-shetland-yet-land-1871/">Hjaltland – Shetland – ‘yet, land!” – 1871</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141227010841/http://fetlaraerial.com/2014/08/hjaltland-shetland-yet-land-1871/">Archived</a> 27 December 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Jakobsen, Jakob, fetlaraerial.com. Retrieved 14 May 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-å-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-å_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-å_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.språkrådet.no/nb-no/Sprakhjelp/Leik/Ord_4/Stadnamn_paa_-a,_hjalt,_Leirv/">"Placenames with -a, hjalt, Leirvik"</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged May 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>. Norwegian Language Council. (Norwegian). Retrieved 26 March 2011. Archived version <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170303051652/http://archive-no.com/page/8779/2012-05-16/http://www.sprakrad.no/nb-NO/Sprakhjelp/Leik/Ord_4/Stadnamn_paa_-a,_hjalt,_Leirv/">here</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Breeze-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Breeze_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Breeze, David J. "The ancient geography of Scotland" in Smith and Banks (2002) pp. 11–13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Watson (1994) p. 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Watson (1994) p. 30</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Diplomatarium Norvegicum. p.2 [1190] <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Dilectissimis amicis suis et hominibus Haraldus Orcardensis, Hetlandensis et Catanesie comes salutem.</i></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/diplomatariumno06bugggoog#page/n11/mode/2up/search/Hetlandensis">archive.org</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-G21-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-G21_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gammeltoft (2010) p. 21-22</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-S9-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-S9_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sandnes (2010) p. 9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones (1997) p. 210</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shetlopedia.com/Zetland_County_Council">"Zetland County Council"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110924222431/http://shetlopedia.com/Zetland_County_Council">Archived</a> 24 September 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> shetlopedia.com. Retrieved 16 July 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gammeltoft (2010) p. 19</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SIC4-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SIC4_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SIC4_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Shetland Islands Council (2012) p. 4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NRoS-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NRoS_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200505072906/https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/files//statistics/council-area-data-sheets/shetland-islands-council-profile.html">"Shetland Islands Council Area Profile"</a>. National Records of Scotland. April 2020. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/files/statistics/council-area-data-sheets/shetland-islands-council-profile.html">the original</a> on 5 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shetland+Islands+Council+Area+Profile&rft.pub=National+Records+of+Scotland&rft.date=2020-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrscotland.gov.uk%2Ffiles%2Fstatistics%2Fcouncil-area-data-sheets%2Fshetland-islands-council-profile.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShetland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://visit.shetland.org/lerwick">"Visit Shetland"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110722122259/http://visit.shetland.org/lerwick">Archived</a> 22 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Visit.Shetland.org Retrieved 25 December 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shetland_Islands_Council_2010_p._10-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shetland_Islands_Council_2010_p._10_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shetland_Islands_Council_2010_p._10_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Shetland Islands Council (2010) p. 10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hansom, J.D. 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Retrieved 22 March 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Graham-Campbell (1999) p. 38</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schei (2006) pp. 11–12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gilbert-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gilbert_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gilbert, E <i>et al</i> (2019) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/38/19064">"The genetic landscape of Scotland and the Isles"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201103132314/https://www.pnas.org/content/116/38/19064">Archived</a> 3 November 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Retrieved 11 September 2020</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomson (2008) p. 24-27</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomson (2008) p. 24</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Grant-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Grant_76-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grant_76-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrant2000" class="citation book cs1">Grant, Alexander (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/albacelticscotla0000unse/page/98/mode/2up">"The Province of Ross and the Kingdom of Alba"</a>. In Cowan, Edward J.; McDonald, R. Andrew (eds.). <i>Alba: Celtic Scotland in the Middle Ages</i>. East Linton: Tuckwell Press. pp. 98–110. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86232-151-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-86232-151-5"><bdi>1-86232-151-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Earldom+of+Caithness+and+the+Kingdom+of+Scotland%2C+1150%E2%80%931266&rft.btitle=Essays+on+the+Nobility+of+Medieval+Scotland&rft.place=9781788853408&rft.pub=John+Donald&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-78885-340-8&rft.aulast=Crawford&rft.aufirst=Barbara+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DY0tWEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT48&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShetland" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location" title="Category:CS1 maint: location">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Crawford, Barbara E. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Scottish+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=The+Pawning+of+Orkney+and+Shetland%3A+A+reconsideration+of+the+events+of+1460%E2%80%939&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=145&rft.pages=38&rft.date=1969-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25528787%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Crawford&rft.aufirst=Barbara+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25528787&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShetland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ub.uib.no/avdeling/spes/diplom/1509.htm">"Diplom fra Shetland datert 24.november 1509"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110505033602/http://www.ub.uib.no/avdeling/spes/diplom/1509.htm">Archived</a> 5 May 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Bergen University, (Norwegian), Retrieved 13 September 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://universitas.uio.no/Arkiv/1996/16okt96/norsk.htm">"Norsken som døde"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110724185409/http://universitas.uio.no/Arkiv/1996/16okt96/norsk.htm">Archived</a> 24 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=electricscotland.com&rft.atitle=Craigie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.electricscotland.com%2Fhistory%2Fnation%2Fcraigie2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShetland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shetlopedia.com/Ursula_Smith">Ursula Smith"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716054848/http://shetlopedia.com/Ursula_Smith">Archived</a> 16 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Shetlopedia, Retrieved 12 October 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sch16-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sch16_101-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sch16_101-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Schei (2006) pp. 16–17, 57</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://visit.shetland.org/history">"A History of Shetland"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110722122101/http://visit.shetland.org/history">Archived</a> 22 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Visit.Shetland.org, Retrieved 16 January 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hutton Guthrie, (2009), <i>Old Shetland</i>, Catrine Ayrshire, Stenlake Publishing, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781840334555" title="Special:BookSources/9781840334555">9781840334555</a> p. 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scottishherringhistory.uk/statistics/AnnualExport.html">"Annual Statistics"</a>. <i>scottishherringhistory.uk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160508173546/http://www.scottishherringhistory.uk/statistics/AnnualExport.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=scottishherringhistory.uk&rft.atitle=Annual+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scottishherringhistory.uk%2Fstatistics%2FAnnualExport.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShetland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-N94-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-N94_105-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-N94_105-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nicolson (1972) pp. 91, 94–95</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-scotsatwar-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-scotsatwar_106-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-scotsatwar_106-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scotsatwar.org.uk/AZ/shetlandbus.htm">"The Shetland Bus"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110623134752/http://scotsatwar.org.uk/AZ/shetlandbus.htm">Archived</a> 23 June 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, scotsatwar.org.uk, Retrieved 23 March 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kulturnett.no/hordaland/kulturminner/kulturminne.jsp?id=T8461534&lang=no_NO">"Shetlands-Larsen — Statue/monument"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110629071950/http://www.kulturnett.no/hordaland/kulturminner/kulturminne.jsp?id=T8461534&lang=no_NO">Archived</a> 29 June 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Kulturnett Hordaland, (Norwegian), Retrieved 26 March 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tallack, Malachy (2 April 2007) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newstatesman.com/blogs/malachy-tallack/2007/04/shetland-scotland-independence">Fair Isle: Independence thinking</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130423193600/http://www.newstatesman.com/blogs/malachy-tallack/2007/04/shetland-scotland-independence">Archived</a> 23 April 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, London, <i><a href="/wiki/New_Statesman" title="New Statesman">New Statesman</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-shetland.gov.uk-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-shetland.gov.uk_109-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-shetland.gov.uk_109-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-shetland.gov.uk_109-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170805180622/https://www.shetland.gov.uk/OIOF/documents/CensusbyArea.pdf">"Population of Shetland by Area based on Census"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>shetland.gov.uk</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=shetland.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Population+of+Shetland+by+Area+based+on+Census&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shetland.gov.uk%2FOIOF%2Fdocuments%2FCensusbyArea.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShetland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://move.shetland.org/economy">"Economy"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110810083640/http://move.shetland.org/economy">Archived</a> 10 August 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, move.shetland.org, Retrieved 19 March 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://shetlandspacecentre.com/general/name-change-and-rebrand-for-our-rocket-site/">"Name change and rebrand for our rocket site"</a>. <i>Shetland Space Centre</i>. 30 June 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211003172718/https://shetlandspacecentre.com/general/name-change-and-rebrand-for-our-rocket-site/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Shetland+Space+Centre&rft.atitle=Name+change+and+rebrand+for+our+rocket+site&rft.date=2021-06-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fshetlandspacecentre.com%2Fgeneral%2Fname-change-and-rebrand-for-our-rocket-site%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShetland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shetnews.co.uk/2021/02/02/german-rocket-company-commits-to-using-unst-space-centre/">"German rocket company commits to using Unst space centre"</a>. <i>Shetland News</i>. 2 February 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210207075254/https://www.shetnews.co.uk/2021/02/02/german-rocket-company-commits-to-using-unst-space-centre/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Shetland+News&rft.atitle=German+rocket+company+commits+to+using+Unst+space+centre&rft.date=2021-02-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shetnews.co.uk%2F2021%2F02%2F02%2Fgerman-rocket-company-commits-to-using-unst-space-centre%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShetland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shetnews.co.uk/2021/01/18/key-milestone-reached-for-space-centre-as-full-plans-are-submitted/">"Key milestone reached for space centre as full plans are submitted"</a>. <i>Shetland News</i>. 18 January 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210208222412/https://www.shetnews.co.uk/2021/01/18/key-milestone-reached-for-space-centre-as-full-plans-are-submitted/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Shetland+News&rft.atitle=Key+milestone+reached+for+space+centre+as+full+plans+are+submitted&rft.date=2021-01-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shetnews.co.uk%2F2021%2F01%2F18%2Fkey-milestone-reached-for-space-centre-as-full-plans-are-submitted%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShetland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shetland.org/about">"About"</a>. <i>Promote Shetland</i>. 1 October 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210120201447/https://www.shetland.org/about">Archived</a> from the original on 20 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Promote+Shetland&rft.atitle=About&rft.date=2020-10-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shetland.org%2Fabout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShetland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SIC16-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SIC16_115-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shetland Islands Council (2010) pp. 16–17</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shetland.org/blog/shetlands-fishing-industry">"Good times for Shetland's fishing industry"</a>. <i>Promote Shetland</i>. 1 October 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210226010726/https://www.shetland.org/blog/shetlands-fishing-industry">Archived</a> from the original on 26 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Promote+Shetland&rft.atitle=Good+times+for+Shetland%27s+fishing+industry&rft.date=2020-10-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shetland.org%2Fblog%2Fshetlands-fishing-industry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShetland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-About-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-About_117-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-About_117-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shetland.org/about">"About"</a>. <i>Promote Shetland</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210120201447/https://www.shetland.org/about">Archived</a> from the original on 20 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cruise+ship+tourists+set+to+almost+double&rft.date=2018-03-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shetnews.co.uk%2F2018%2F03%2F12%2Fcruise-ship-tourists-set-to-almost-double%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShetland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shetland Islands Council (2010) p. 26</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shetlandtimes.co.uk/2009/09/15/delight-as-shetlands-remarkable-rocks-recognised-with-geopark-status">"Delight as Shetland's remarkable rocks recognised with Geopark status"</a>. <i>The Shetland Times</i>. 15 September 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190802051433/https://www.shetlandtimes.co.uk/2009/09/15/delight-as-shetlands-remarkable-rocks-recognised-with-geopark-status">Archived</a> from the original on 2 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Shetland+Times&rft.atitle=Delight+as+Shetland%27s+remarkable+rocks+recognised+with+Geopark+status&rft.date=2009-09-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shetlandtimes.co.uk%2F2009%2F09%2F15%2Fdelight-as-shetlands-remarkable-rocks-recognised-with-geopark-status&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShetland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shetland.org/jimmyperez">"Discover Shetland: Follow Jimmy Perez's footsteps"</a>. <i>Shetland.org</i>. 14 February 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210213164518/https://www.shetland.org/jimmyperez">Archived</a> from the original on 13 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2021</span>. <q>If you are one of the millions of people around the world fascinated by Jimmy Perez and his crime-solving adventures in Ann Cleeves' Shetland – now a major BBC TV series, we think you'll love the real place</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Shetland.org&rft.atitle=Discover+Shetland%3A+Follow+Jimmy+Perez%27s+footsteps&rft.date=2018-02-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shetland.org%2Fjimmyperez&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShetland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/912814/Shetland-blockbuster-police-thriller-Douglas-Henshall-tourist-boom-BBC-One">"Shetland experiences television tourism boom after blockbuster police thriller"</a>. <i>Express</i>. 3 January 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210815135141/https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/912814/Shetland-blockbuster-police-thriller-Douglas-Henshall-tourist-boom-BBC-One">Archived</a> from the original on 15 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Express&rft.atitle=Shetland+experiences+television+tourism+boom+after+blockbuster+police+thriller&rft.date=2018-01-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.express.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2F912814%2FShetland-blockbuster-police-thriller-Douglas-Henshall-tourist-boom-BBC-One&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShetland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-north-east-orkney-shetland-50629220">"Shetland: TV hit starring Douglas Henshall to return for two more series"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 2 December 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201109224617/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-north-east-orkney-shetland-50629220">Archived</a> from the original on 9 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2021</span>. <q>VisitScotland in Shetland last year said the Shetland TV series and books had been an "amazing success" for the islands</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Shetland%3A+TV+hit+starring+Douglas+Henshall+to+return+for+two+more+series&rft.date=2019-12-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-scotland-north-east-orkney-shetland-50629220&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShetland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shetland.org/invest/sectors/tourism#:~:text=Cruise%20tourism,arrived%2C%20with%20continued%20growth%20anticipated.">"New plans to fire up Shetland tourism"</a>. <i>Shetland.org Tourism</i>. 30 December 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210213171418/https://www.shetland.org/invest/sectors/tourism#:~:text=Cruise%20tourism,arrived%2C%20with%20continued%20growth%20anticipated.">Archived</a> from the original on 13 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Shetland.org+Tourism&rft.atitle=New+plans+to+fire+up+Shetland+tourism&rft.date=2020-12-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shetland.org%2Finvest%2Fsectors%2Ftourism%23%3A~%3Atext%3DCruise%2520tourism%2Carrived%252C%2520with%2520continued%2520growth%2520anticipated.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShetland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-north-east-orkney-shetland-45822441">"Shetland enjoys record cruise year with 90,000 passengers"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 11 October 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210716171111/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-north-east-orkney-shetland-45822441">Archived</a> from the original on 16 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Shetland+enjoys+record+cruise+year+with+90%2C000+passengers&rft.date=2018-10-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-scotland-north-east-orkney-shetland-45822441&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShetland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.maritime-executive.com/features/how-cruise-lines-are-preparing-for-a-post-pandemic-world">"How Cruise Lines are Preparing for a Post-Pandemic World"</a>. <i>Maritime Executive</i>. 30 September 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210125212920/https://maritime-executive.com/features/how-cruise-lines-are-preparing-for-a-post-pandemic-world">Archived</a> from the original on 25 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Maritime+Executive&rft.atitle=How+Cruise+Lines+are+Preparing+for+a+Post-Pandemic+World&rft.date=2020-09-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.maritime-executive.com%2Ffeatures%2Fhow-cruise-lines-are-preparing-for-a-post-pandemic-world&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShetland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shetland.org/visit/plan/responsible-travel">"FAQs on travelling to Shetland in winter 2020"</a>. <i>Promote Shetland</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210227155926/https://www.shetland.org/visit/plan/responsible-travel">Archived</a> from the original on 27 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Promote+Shetland&rft.atitle=FAQs+on+travelling+to+Shetland+in+winter+2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shetland.org%2Fvisit%2Fplan%2Fresponsible-travel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShetland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hie.co.uk/media/9646/the-impact-of-covid-19-on-the-highlands-and-islands.pdf">"The Impact of COVID-19 On the Highlands and Islands"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>HIE</i>. 1 September 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210115125449/https://www.hie.co.uk/media/9646/the-impact-of-covid-19-on-the-highlands-and-islands.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 15 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HIE&rft.atitle=The+Impact+of+COVID-19+On+the+Highlands+and+Islands&rft.date=2021-09-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hie.co.uk%2Fmedia%2F9646%2Fthe-impact-of-covid-19-on-the-highlands-and-islands.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShetland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shetland.gov.uk/news/article/112/ferries-move-to-restricted-timetable-and-bookings-system">"Ferries move to restricted timetable and bookings system"</a>. <i>Shetland Islands Council</i>. 31 December 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201231111401/https://www.shetland.gov.uk/news/article/112/ferries-move-to-restricted-timetable-and-bookings-system">Archived</a> from the original on 31 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Shetland+Islands+Council&rft.atitle=Ferries+move+to+restricted+timetable+and+bookings+system&rft.date=2020-12-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shetland.gov.uk%2Fnews%2Farticle%2F112%2Fferries-move-to-restricted-timetable-and-bookings-system&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShetland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shetland.gov.uk/news/article/130/support-for-businesses-island-equivalent-payment">"Support for businesses – Island Equivalent Payment"</a>. <i>Shetland Islands Council</i>. 2 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2021</span>. <q>from 28 December 2020 to 24 January 2021, businesses in Level 3 island areas, including Shetland, can now apply for a payment of £2,000 or £3,000</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Shetland+Islands+Council&rft.atitle=Support+for+businesses+%E2%80%93+Island+Equivalent+Payment&rft.date=2021-02-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shetland.gov.uk%2Fnews%2Farticle%2F130%2Fsupport-for-businesses-island-equivalent-payment&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShetland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shetland.gov.uk/ferries/">"Ferries"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110524172124/http://www.shetland.gov.uk/ferries/">Archived</a> 24 May 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, shetland.gov.uk, Retrieved 23 May 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shetland Islands Council, (2010), pp. 32, 35</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.northlinkferries.co.uk/timetables.html">"2011 Timetables"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110707203851/http://www.northlinkferries.co.uk/timetables.html">Archived</a> 7 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> NorthLink Ferries, Retrieved 7 April 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tunnelsonline.info/news/shetland-isles-tunnel-plans/">"Shetland Isles tunnel plans – Tunnels and Tunnelling International"</a>. <i>tunnelsonline.info</i>. 5 January 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170215072713/http://www.tunnelsonline.info/news/shetland-isles-tunnel-plans/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tunnelsonline.info&rft.atitle=Shetland+Isles+tunnel+plans+%E2%80%93+Tunnels+and+Tunnelling+International&rft.date=2010-01-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tunnelsonline.info%2Fnews%2Fshetland-isles-tunnel-plans%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShetland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hial.co.uk/sumburgh-airport/">"Sumburgh Airport"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110622100611/http://www.hial.co.uk/sumburgh-airport/">Archived</a> 22 June 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Highlands and Islands Airports. Retrieved 16 March 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191220202036/http://www.directflight.co.uk/surveillance/passenger-transport/shetland/">"Shetland Inter-Island Scheduled Service"</a>, directflight.co.uk, Retrieved 11 May 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.caa.co.uk/default.aspx?categoryid=80&pagetype=88&sglid=3&fld=2005Annual">"UK Airport Statistics: 2005 – Annual"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070311005719/http://www.caa.co.uk/default.aspx?categoryid=80&pagetype=88&sglid=3&fld=2005Annual">Archived</a> 11 March 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Table 10: EU and Other International Terminal Passenger Comparison with Previous Year, (pdf) CAA, Retrieved 16 March 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shetland Islands Council, (2010), p. 34</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStantec2022" class="citation book cs1">Stantec (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zettrans.org.uk/site/assets/files/1330/zettrans_rts_case_for_change_report_-_draft_for_consultation_-_final_issued.pdf"><i>ZetTrans Regional Transport Strategy - Case for Change Report</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Library+of+Scotland&rft.atitle=Quarter-inch+Administrative+Areas+Maps%3A+Scotland+Sheet+1%2C+1969&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmaps.nls.uk%2Fview%2F222075437&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShetland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scotlandsfamily.com/parish-map-orkney.htm">"Map of Parishes in the Islands of Orkney and Shetland"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150225093245/http://www.scotlandsfamily.com/parish-map-orkney.htm">Archived</a> 25 February 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, scotlandsfamily.com, Retrieved 19 July 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.scottish-places.info/parishes/parfirst46.html">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180601071213/http://www.scottish-places.info/parishes/parfirst46.html">Archived</a> 1 June 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Parish of Lerwick (example). The parish areas add up to 1357.1 km² only.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coins.shetland.gov.uk/allCommunityCouncils.asp?page=0&rec=20">"Community Councils"</a>. <i>Shetland Islands Council</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Promote+Shetland&rft.atitle=Schools+and+Education&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shetland.org%2Flife%2Flive%2Feducation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShetland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160317180337/http://www.shetland.gov.uk/education/schools_information.asp">"Schools in Shetland"</a>. Shetland Islands Council. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shetland.gov.uk/education/schools_information.asp">the original</a> on 17 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Schools+in+Shetland&rft.pub=Shetland+Islands+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shetland.gov.uk%2Feducation%2Fschools_information.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShetland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uhi.ac.uk/en/research-enterprise/cultural/institute-for-northern-studies/about-ins/">"About Us"</a>. <i>UHI</i>. 3 November 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210522122447/https://www.uhi.ac.uk/en/research-enterprise/cultural/institute-for-northern-studies/about-ins/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UHI&rft.atitle=About+Us&rft.date=2020-11-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uhi.ac.uk%2Fen%2Fresearch-enterprise%2Fcultural%2Finstitute-for-northern-studies%2Fabout-ins%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShetland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shetlandtimes.co.uk/2012/10/01/spurs-crowned-senior-football-champions/">"Spurs crowned senior football champions"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140407143420/http://www.shetlandtimes.co.uk/2012/10/01/spurs-crowned-senior-football-champions/">Archived</a> 7 April 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Shetland Times</i>, (1 October 2012), Retrieved 25 July 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Area_Profiles-190"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Area_Profiles_190-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Area_Profiles_190-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/ods-web/area.html">"Area Profiles"</a>. <i>scotlandscensus.gov.uk</i>. Scottish Government. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180820140720/http://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/ods-web/area.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=scotlandscensus.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Area+Profiles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scotlandscensus.gov.uk%2Fods-web%2Farea.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShetland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schei (2006) p. 14</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.methodist.org.uk/index.cfm?fuseaction=churchlife.content&cmid=461">"Area 3 Districts"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110919200005/http://www.methodist.org.uk/index.cfm?fuseaction=churchlife.content&cmid=461">Archived</a> 19 September 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, methodist.org.uk, Retrieved 20 March 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shetland-communities.org.uk/Downloads/lbpc/Lerwick%2520and%2520Bressay%2520Parish%2520Profile.pdf">"Lerwick and Bressay Parish Church Profile"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120310224921/http://www.shetland-communities.org.uk/Downloads/lbpc/Lerwick%20and%20Bressay%20Parish%20Profile.pdf">Archived</a> 10 March 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, (pdf), shetland-communities.org.uk, Retrieved 20 March 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alistaircarmichael.co.uk/biography">"About"</a>. <i>Alistair Carmichael</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210118175446/https://www.alistaircarmichael.co.uk/biography">Archived</a> from the original on 18 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alistair+Carmichael&rft.atitle=About&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alistaircarmichael.co.uk%2Fbiography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShetland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alistaircarmichael.org.uk/">"Alistair Carmichael: MP for Orkney and Shetland"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613181311/http://www.alistaircarmichael.org.uk/">Archived</a> 13 June 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, alistaircarmichael.org.uk, Retrieved 8 September 2009 <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (July 2017)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alba.org.uk/scot99constit/h05.html">"Candidates and Constituency Assessments"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090115044042/http://www.alba.org.uk/scot99constit/h05.html">Archived</a> 15 January 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, alba.org.uk, "The almanac of Scottish elections and politics", Retrieved 9 February 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.snptacticalvoting.com/2009/10/untouchable-orkney-shetland-isles.html">"The Untouchable Orkney & Shetland Isles "</a> (1 October 2009) www.snptacticalvoting.com Retrieved 9 February 2010 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716100518/http://www.snptacticalvoting.com/2009/10/untouchable-orkney-shetland-isles.html">Archived</a> 16 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/msp/membersPages/tavish_scott/">"Tavish Scott MSP"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060228030216/http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/msp/membersPages/tavish_scott/">Archived</a> 28 February 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Scottish Parliament, Retrieved 20 March 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFraser2019" class="citation web cs1">Fraser, Gemma (4 October 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.holyrood.com/news/view,lib-dems-win-shetland-byelection_10743.htm">"Lib Dems win Shetland by-election"</a>. <i>holyrood.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191117234045/https://www.holyrood.com/news/view,lib-dems-win-shetland-byelection_10743.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 17 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=holyrood.com&rft.atitle=Lib+Dems+win+Shetland+by-election&rft.date=2019-10-04&rft.aulast=Fraser&rft.aufirst=Gemma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.holyrood.com%2Fnews%2Fview%2Clib-dems-win-shetland-byelection_10743.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShetland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shetland.gov.uk/about_your_councillors/">"About your councillors"</a>. Shetland Islands Council. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180109180850/https://www.shetland.gov.uk/about_your_councillors/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+your+councillors&rft.pub=Shetland+Islands+Council&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shetland.gov.uk%2Fabout_your_councillors%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShetland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euractiv.com/section/uk-europe/news/shetland-islands-toy-with-idea-of-post-brexit-independence/">Shetland Islands toy with idea of post-Brexit independence</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170222054130/https://www.euractiv.com/section/uk-europe/news/shetland-islands-toy-with-idea-of-post-brexit-independence/">Archived</a> 22 February 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/EurActiv" class="mw-redirect" title="EurActiv">EurActiv</a>, 16 February 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shetland_News-202"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Shetland_News_202-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCope2020" class="citation web cs1">Cope, Chris (10 September 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shetnews.co.uk/2020/09/10/self-determination-motion-a-first-small-step-towards-a-brighter-future/">"Self-determination motion a "first small step towards a brighter future"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>shetnews.co.uk</i>. Shetland News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200911062941/https://www.shetnews.co.uk/2020/09/10/self-determination-motion-a-first-small-step-towards-a-brighter-future/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=shetnews.co.uk&rft.atitle=Self-determination+motion+a+%22first+small+step+towards+a+brighter+future%22&rft.date=2020-09-10&rft.aulast=Cope&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shetnews.co.uk%2F2020%2F09%2F10%2Fself-determination-motion-a-first-small-step-towards-a-brighter-future%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShetland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCope2021" class="citation news cs1">Cope, Chris (3 February 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shetnews.co.uk/2022/02/03/new-islands-forum-should-not-just-be-box-ticking-exercise/">"New islands forum should not be 'box ticking exercise'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Shetland_News" class="mw-redirect" title="The Shetland News">The Shetland News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Shetland+News&rft.atitle=New+islands+forum+should+not+be+%27box+ticking+exercise%27&rft.date=2021-02-03&rft.aulast=Cope&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shetnews.co.uk%2F2022%2F02%2F03%2Fnew-islands-forum-should-not-just-be-box-ticking-exercise%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShetland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaveley2021" class="citation news cs1">Paveley, Rebecca (11 February 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchtimes.co.uk/articles/2022/11-february/news/uk/gove-announces-levelling-up-forum-for-islands">"Gove announces Levelling-up forum for islands"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Church_Times" title="Church Times">Church Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Church+Times&rft.atitle=Gove+announces+Levelling-up+forum+for+islands&rft.date=2021-02-11&rft.aulast=Paveley&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.churchtimes.co.uk%2Farticles%2F2022%2F11-february%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fgove-announces-levelling-up-forum-for-islands&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShetland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-flag-205"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-flag_205-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-flag_205-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/gb-shetl.html">"Flag of Shetland"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141011072506/http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/gb-shetl.html">Archived</a> 11 October 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Flags of the World, Retrieved 19 March 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Macdougall1982-207"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Macdougall1982_207-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacdougall1982" class="citation book cs1">Macdougall, Norman (1982). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jamesiiipolitica00norm"><i>James III: a political study</i></a></span>. J. Donald. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jamesiiipolitica00norm/page/91">91</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85976-078-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85976-078-2"><bdi>978-0-85976-078-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2012</span>. <q>What James III had acquired from Earl William in return for this compensation was the comital rights in Orkney and Shetland. He already held a wadset of the royal rights; and to ensure his complete control, he referred the matter to parliament. On 20 February 1472, the three estates approved the annexation of Orkney and Shetland to the crown...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=James+III%3A+a+political+study&rft.pages=91&rft.pub=J.+Donald&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0-85976-078-2&rft.aulast=Macdougall&rft.aufirst=Norman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjamesiiipolitica00norm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShetland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Goodacre-208"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Goodacre_208-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Goodacre_208-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Goodacre, S. <i>et al</i> (2005) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature.com/hdy/journal/v95/n2/full/6800661a.html#bib14">"Genetic evidence for a family-based Scandinavian settlement of Shetland and Orkney during the Viking periods"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131103184508/http://www.nature.com/hdy/journal/v95/n2/full/6800661a.html#bib14">Archived</a> 3 November 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Heredity</i> <b>95</b>, pp. 129–135. nature.com, Retrieved 20 March 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Julian Richards, <i>Vikingblod</i>, page 236, Hermon Forlag, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/82-3020-016-5" title="Special:BookSources/82-3020-016-5">82-3020-016-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uphellyaa.org/">"Welcome to Up Helly Aa"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131230032437/http://www.uphellyaa.org/">Archived</a> 30 December 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, uphellyaa.org, Retrieved 8 December 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://visit.shetland.org/up-helly-aa">"Up Helly Aa"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110722122205/http://visit.shetland.org/up-helly-aa">Archived</a> 22 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, visit.shetland.org, Retrieved 20 March 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.islandgames.net/cms/member_profile_12400.html">"Member Profile: Shetland Islands"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110524181034/http://www.islandgames.net/cms/member_profile_12400.html">Archived</a> 24 May 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, International Island Games Association, Retrieved 20 March 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://visit.shetland.org/food-and-drink">"Food and drink"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120425195139/http://visit.shetland.org/food-and-drink">Archived</a> 25 April 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, visit.shetland.org, Retrieved 11 May 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nornlanguage.110mb.com/">"Velkomen!"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110707054624/http://www.nornlanguage.110mb.com/">Archived</a> 7 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, nornlanguage.110mb.com, Retrieved 8 March 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://visit.shetland.org/culture-and-music">"Culture and Music"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100528121552/http://visit.shetland.org/culture-and-music">Archived</a> 28 May 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, visit.shetland.org, Retrieved 20 March 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shetlanddialect.org.uk/">"Shetland ForWirds"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110518184140/http://www.shetlanddialect.org.uk/">Archived</a> 18 May 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, shetlanddialect.org.uk, Retrieved 20 March 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shetlopedia.com/Shetland_Folk_Society">"Shetland Folk Society"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110924082933/http://shetlopedia.com/Shetland_Folk_Society">Archived</a> 24 September 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, shetlopedia.com, Retrieved 20 March 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shetlopedia.com/The_Forty_Fiddlers">"The Forty Fiddlers"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716054630/http://shetlopedia.com/The_Forty_Fiddlers">Archived</a> 16 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, shetlopedia.com, Retrieved 8 March 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Culshaw, Peter (18 June 2006) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/music/2006/jun/18/14">"The Tale of Thomas Fraser"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170510203836/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2006/jun/18/14">Archived</a> 10 May 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, The Guardian, Retrieved 8 March 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shetlandfolkfestival.com/">"Shetland Folk Festival"</a>. <i>shetlandfolkfestival.com</i>. 21 May 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190610092757/https://www.shetlandfolkfestival.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=shetlandfolkfestival.com&rft.atitle=Shetland+Folk+Festival&rft.date=2019-05-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shetlandfolkfestival.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShetland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gaz-221"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gaz_221-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scottish-places.info/features/featurefirst1402.html">"Jarlshof"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721233416/http://www.scottish-places.info/features/featurefirst1402.html">Archived</a> 21 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Gazetteer for Scotland, Retrieved 2 August 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shetlopedia.com/Hugh_MacDiarmid">"Hugh MacDiarmid"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110306032315/http://shetlopedia.com/Hugh_MacDiarmid">Archived</a> 6 March 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, shetlopedia.com, Retrieved 8 March 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morgan, Gavin (19 April 2008) "Shetland author wins acclaim", <i>Shetland News</i>, Retrieved 26 March 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anncleeves.com/shetland/index.html">"Shetland"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140818210534/http://anncleeves.com/shetland/index.html">Archived</a> 18 August 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, anncleeves.com, Retrieved 8 December 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p00vyx9h">"Shetland"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131010103935/http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p00vyx9h">Archived</a> 10 October 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, BBC, Retrieved 8 December 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shetlopedia.com/Vagaland">"Vagaland"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716054737/http://shetlopedia.com/Vagaland">Archived</a> 16 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, shetlopedia.com, Retrieved 8 March 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shetland-library.gov.uk/StellaSutherland.asp">"Shetland Writing and Writers: Stella Sutherland"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140106041045/http://www.shetland-library.gov.uk/StellaSutherland.asp">Archived</a> 6 January 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Shetland Islands Council, Retrieved 6 January 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-228"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-228">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shetlanddialect.org.uk/william-j.-billy-tait">"William J. (Billy) Tait"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140106041728/http://www.shetlanddialect.org.uk/william-j.-billy-tait">Archived</a> 6 January 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Shetland For Wirds, Retrieved 6 January 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-229"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-229">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shetland-library.gov.uk/LaureenJohnson.asp">"Shetland Writing and Writers: Laureen Johnson"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140106041200/http://www.shetland-library.gov.uk/LaureenJohnson.asp">Archived</a> 6 January 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Shetland Islands Council, Retrieved 6 January 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.millgaet.com/">"Home"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110206175714/http://www.millgaet.com/">Archived</a> 6 February 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Millgaet Media, Retrieved 17 March 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-231"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-231">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shetland-communities.org.uk/subsites/vas/the-new-shetlander.htm">"The New Shetlander"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131212223237/http://www.shetland-communities.org.uk/subsites/vas/the-new-shetlander.htm">Archived</a> 12 December 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Voluntary Action Shetland, Retrieved 8 December 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-232"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-232">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.georgemackaybrown.co.uk/familyhistory/rising.htm">"Life and Work: Part 3"</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091011092715/http://www.georgemackaybrown.co.uk/familyhistory/rising.htm">Archived</a> 11 October 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, George Mackay Brown website, Retrieved 8 December 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.screenonline.org.uk/film/id/711399/index.html">"A Crofter's Life in Shetland"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081121194620/http://www.screenonline.org.uk/film/id/711399/index.html">Archived</a> 21 November 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, screenonline.org.uk, Retrieved 12 October 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0419101/">"The Rugged Island: A Shetland Lyric"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170208130927/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0419101/">Archived</a> 8 February 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, IMDb, Retrieved 12 October 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shetlandtimes.co.uk/2015/04/09/street-closed-for-television-crime-series-filming">"Street Closed for Filming Television Crime Series"</a>. <i>Shetland Times</i>. 9 April 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150417000223/http://www.shetlandtimes.co.uk/2015/04/09/street-closed-for-television-crime-series-filming">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Shetland+Times&rft.atitle=Street+Closed+for+Filming+Television+Crime+Series&rft.date=2015-04-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shetlandtimes.co.uk%2F2015%2F04%2F09%2Fstreet-closed-for-television-crime-series-filming&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShetland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-236"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-236">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/entertainment/tv-radio/scottish-actor-douglas-henshall-perks-1738133">"Scottish actor Douglas Henshall on the perks of filming new BBC crime drama Shetland ... in and around Glasgow"</a>. <i>Daily Record</i>. Glasgow. 2 March 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161213212334/http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/entertainment/tv-radio/scottish-actor-douglas-henshall-perks-1738133">Archived</a> from the original on 13 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Record&rft.atitle=Scottish+actor+Douglas+Henshall+on+the+perks+of+filming+new+BBC+crime+drama+Shetland+...+in+and+around+Glasgow&rft.date=2013-03-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailyrecord.co.uk%2Fentertainment%2Ftv-radio%2Fscottish-actor-douglas-henshall-perks-1738133&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShetland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SIC52-237"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SIC52_237-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shetland Islands Council (2010) p. 52</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-238">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Scott, W. and Palmer, R. (1987) <i>The Flowering Plants and Ferns of the Shetland Islands</i>. Shetland Times. Lerwick.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Scott, W.; Harvey P.; Riddington R.; and Fisher, M. (2002) <i>Rare Plants of Shetland</i>, Shetland Amenity Trust, Lerwick.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://visit.shetland.org/flora">"Flora"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110506052858/http://visit.shetland.org/flora">Archived</a> 6 May 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> visit.shetland.org. Retrieved 7 April 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-241"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-241">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Steer, Patrick (1999) "Shetland Biodiversity Audit". Shetland Amenity Trust.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-242"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maggs, C.A. and Hommersand, M.H. 1993. <i>Seaweeds of the British Isles</i>, The Natural History Museum, London, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-11-310045-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-11-310045-0">0-11-310045-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-243"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-243">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacdonald2017" class="citation news cs1">Macdonald, Kenneth (16 August 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-40935666">"Scientists discover a new flower of Shetland"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170819172502/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-40935666">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Enfield: Guinness Publishing. p. 35.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Guinness+Book+of+Records&rft.place=Enfield&rft.pages=35&rft.pub=Guinness+Publishing&rft.date=1991&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShetland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-248"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-248">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature-shetland.co.uk/index.htm">"Home"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110726013401/http://www.nature-shetland.co.uk/index.htm">Archived</a> 26 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Nature in Shetland, Retrieved 12 March 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-249"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-249">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Williamson, Kenneth (1951) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120605021225/http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/119785912/abstract">"The wrens of Fair Isle</a>", <i>Ibis</i> <b>93</b>(4): pp. 599–601, Retrieved 12 March 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Endemic-250"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Endemic_250-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Endemic_250-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature-shetland.co.uk/nature/endemverts.htm">"Endemic Vertebrates of Shetland"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110726013245/http://www.nature-shetland.co.uk/nature/endemverts.htm">Archived</a> 26 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Nature in Shetland, Retrieved 12 March 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-251"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-251">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">SNH (2008) p. 10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-selous-252"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-selous_252-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSelous1905" class="citation cs1">Selous, Edmund (1905). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The Bird Watcher in the Shetlands"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Bird_Watcher_in_the_Shetlands"><i>The Bird Watcher in the Shetlands</i> </a></span> – via <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bird+Watcher+in+the+Shetlands&rft.date=1905&rft.aulast=Selous&rft.aufirst=Edmund&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShetland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicholsonBarberBond2005" class="citation journal cs1">Nicholson, R.A.; Barber, P.; Bond, J.M. (2005). "New Evidence for the Date of Introduction of the House Mouse, <i>Mus musculus domesticus</i>, Schwartz & Schwartz, and the Field Mouse, <i>Apodemus sylvaticus</i> (L.) to Shetland". <i>Environmental Archaeology</i>. <b>10</b> (2): 143–151. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005EnvAr..10..143N">2005EnvAr..10..143N</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1179%2Fenv.2005.10.2.143">10.1179/env.2005.10.2.143</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:83897428">83897428</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Archaeology&rft.atitle=New+Evidence+for+the+Date+of+Introduction+of+the+House+Mouse%2C+Mus+musculus+domesticus%2C+Schwartz+%26+Schwartz%2C+and+the+Field+Mouse%2C+Apodemus+sylvaticus+%28L.%29+to+Shetland&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=143-151&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A83897428%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1179%2Fenv.2005.10.2.143&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2005EnvAr..10..143N&rft.aulast=Nicholson&rft.aufirst=R.A.&rft.au=Barber%2C+P.&rft.au=Bond%2C+J.M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShetland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-spsbs-254"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-spsbs_254-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shetlandponystudbooksociety.co.uk/">"Breed History"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120101094954/http://www.shetlandponystudbooksociety.co.uk/">Archived</a> 1 January 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Shetland Pony Studbook Society, Retrieved 11 May 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-255"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-255">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.equine-world.co.uk/about_horses/shetland_pony.htm">"Shetland Pony"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110718154046/http://www.equine-world.co.uk/about_horses/shetland_pony.htm">Archived</a> 18 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Equine World, Retrieved 20 July 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-256">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shetlandcattle.org.uk/">"Home"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110827042359/http://shetlandcattle.org.uk/">Archived</a> 27 August 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Shetland Cattle Breeders Association, Retrieved 20 July 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-257"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-257">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.feathersite.com/Poultry/Geese/BRKShetland.html">"Shetland Geese"</a>. feathersite.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080917075346/http://www.feathersite.com/Poultry/Geese/BRKShetland.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 September 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shetland+Geese&rft.pub=feathersite.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.feathersite.com%2FPoultry%2FGeese%2FBRKShetland.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShetland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.albc-usa.org/cpl/waterfowl/shetland.html">"Shetland Goose"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110818174452/http://www.albc-usa.org/cpl/waterfowl/shetland.html">Archived</a> 18 August 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, American Livestock Breeds Conservancy, Retrieved 20 July 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-259"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-259">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sheep101.info/breedsS.html#Shetland">"Sheep Breeds — S–St"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721232948/http://www.sheep101.info/breedsS.html#Shetland">Archived</a> 21 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Sheep101.info, Retrieved 1 May 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-260"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-260">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/north_east/6155172.stm">"Extinct Island Pig Spotted Again"</a>. BBC News Online. 17 November 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130314163713/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/north_east/6155172.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 14 March 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Extinct+Island+Pig+Spotted+Again&rft.date=2006-11-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fscotland%2Fnorth_east%2F6155172.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShetland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_references">General references</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shetland&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: General references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 40em"> <ul><li>Armit, I.; (2003), <i>Towers in the North: The Brochs of Scotland</i>, Stroud, Tempus, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7524-1932-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7524-1932-3">0-7524-1932-3</a></li> <li>Ballin Smith, B. and Banks, I.; (ed. 2002), <i>In the Shadow of the Brochs, the Iron Age in Scotland</i>, Stroud, Tempus, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7524-2517-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7524-2517-X">0-7524-2517-X</a></li> <li>Barrett, James H.; "The Norse in Scotland" in Brink, Stefan, (ed. 2008), <i>The Viking World</i>, Abingdon, Routledge, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-33315-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-33315-6">0-415-33315-6</a></li> <li>Clapperton, Chalmers M.; (ed. 1983), <i>Scotland: A New Study</i>, Newton Abbott, David & Charles</li> <li>Gillen, Con; (2003), <i>Geology and landscapes of Scotland</i>, Harpenden, Terra Publishing, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-903544-09-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-903544-09-2">1-903544-09-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Graham-Campbell" title="James Graham-Campbell">Graham-Campbell, James</a>; (1999), <i>Cultural Atlas of the Viking World</i>, Facts On File, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8160-3004-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8160-3004-9">0-8160-3004-9</a></li> <li>Fleming, Andrew; (2005), <i>St. Kilda and the Wider World: Tales of an Iconic Island</i>, Windgather Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-905119-00-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-905119-00-3">1-905119-00-3</a></li> <li>Gammeltoft, Peder; (2010), "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.medievalists.net/2011/01/18/shetland-and-orkney-island-names-%E2%80%93-a-dynamic-group/">Shetland and Orkney Island-Names – A Dynamic Group</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110723204137/http://www.medievalists.net/2011/01/18/shetland-and-orkney-island-names-%E2%80%93-a-dynamic-group/">Archived</a> 23 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", <i>Northern Lights, Northern Words</i>, Selected Papers from the FRLSU Conference, Kirkwall 2009, edited by Robert McColl Millar</li> <li>General Register Office for Scotland (28 November 2003) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/census/censushm/occpapers/occasional-paper-10/index.html">Scotland's Census 2001 – Occasional Paper No 10: Statistics for Inhabited Islands</a></i>. Retrieved 26 February 2012.</li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaswell-Smith2004" class="citation book cs1">Haswell-Smith, Hamish (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=bXFwKl5gVqwC"><i>The Scottish Islands</i></a>. Edinburgh: Canongate. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84195-454-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84195-454-7"><bdi>978-1-84195-454-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Scottish+Islands&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pub=Canongate&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-84195-454-7&rft.aulast=Haswell-Smith&rft.aufirst=Hamish&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.co.uk%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbXFwKl5gVqwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShetland" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Hunter_(historian)" title="James Hunter (historian)">Hunter, James</a>; (2000), <i>Last of the Free: A History of the Highlands and Islands of Scotland</i>, Edinburgh, Mainstream, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84018-376-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-84018-376-4">1-84018-376-4</a></li> <li>Jones, Charles; (ed. 1997), <i>The Edinburgh history of the Scots language</i>, Edinburgh University Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7486-0754-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7486-0754-4">0-7486-0754-4</a></li> <li>Keay, J. & Keay, J.; (1994), <i>Collins Encyclopaedia of Scotland</i>, London, HarperCollins, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-00-255082-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-00-255082-2">0-00-255082-2</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMellor2020" class="citation web cs1">Mellor, Chris (January 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.needlesports.com/files//75ea019d-25f6-41e2-b555-ab7d00fb6326/Stack%20Rock%2012%20Jan%202020.pdf">"An illustrated guide to sea stack climbing in the UK & Ireland"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>needlesports</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=needlesports&rft.atitle=An+illustrated+guide+to+sea+stack+climbing+in+the+UK+%26+Ireland&rft.date=2020-01&rft.aulast=Mellor&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.needlesports.com%2Ffiles%2F%2F75ea019d-25f6-41e2-b555-ab7d00fb6326%2FStack%2520Rock%252012%2520Jan%25202020.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShetland" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Noble, Gordon; Poller, Tessa & Verrill, Lucy; (2008), <i>Scottish Odysseys: The Archaeology of Islands</i>, Stroud, Tempus, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7524-4168-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7524-4168-9">978-0-7524-4168-9</a></li> <li>Omand, Donald; (ed. 2003), <i>The Orkney Book</i>, Edinburgh, Birlinn, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84158-254-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-84158-254-9">1-84158-254-9</a></li> <li>Nicolson, James R.; (1972), <i>Shetland</i>, Newton Abbott, David & Charles</li> <li>Sandnes, Berit; (2003), <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spns.org.uk/Starafjall.pdf">From Starafjall to Starling Hill: An investigation of the formation and development of Old Norse place-names in Orkney</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110322055708/http://www.spns.org.uk/Starafjall.pdf">Archived</a> 22 March 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>, (pdf), Doctoral Dissertation, NTU Trondheim</li> <li>Schei, Liv Kjørsvik; (2006), <i>The Shetland Isles</i>, Grantown-on-Spey, Colin Baxter Photography, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84107-330-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84107-330-9">978-1-84107-330-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NatureScot" title="NatureScot">Scottish Natural Heritage</a>, (2008), <i>The Story of Hermaness National Nature Reserve</i>, Lerwick</li> <li>Shetland Islands Council, (2005), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060214094833/http://www.shetland.gov.uk/council/documents/sins2005.pdf">"Shetland In Statistics 2005"</a>, (pdf), Economic Development Unit, Lerwick, Retrieved 19 March 2011</li> <li>Shetland Islands Council, (2010), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shetland.gov.uk/">"Shetland in Statistics 2010"</a>, (pdf), Economic Development Unit, Lerwick, Retrieved 6 March 2011</li> <li>Thomson, William P. L.; (2008), <i>The New History of Orkney</i>, Edinburgh, Birlinn, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84158-696-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84158-696-0">978-1-84158-696-0</a></li> <li>Turner, Val; (1998), <i>Ancient Shetland</i>, London, B. T. Batsford/Historic Scotland, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7134-8000-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7134-8000-9">0-7134-8000-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Watson" title="William J. Watson">Watson, William J.</a>; (1994), <i>The Celtic Place-Names of Scotland</i>, Edinburgh, Birlinn, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84158-323-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-84158-323-5">1-84158-323-5</a>, First published 1926.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shetland&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcMillan2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ron_McMillan" title="Ron McMillan">McMillan, Ron</a> (2008). <i>Between Weathers: Travels in 21st Century Shetland</i>. Dingwall, Ross-shire: Sandstone Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1905207206" title="Special:BookSources/978-1905207206"><bdi>978-1905207206</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/220008309">220008309</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Between+Weathers%3A+Travels+in+21st+Century+Shetland&rft.place=Dingwall%2C+Ross-shire&rft.pub=Sandstone+Press&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F220008309&rft.isbn=978-1905207206&rft.aulast=McMillan&rft.aufirst=Ron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShetland" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Shepherd, Mike (2015). <i>Oil Strike North Sea: A first-hand history of North Sea oil</i>. Luath Press.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWithrington1983" class="citation book cs1">Withrington, Donald J., ed. (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=w1sXAQAAIAAJ"><i>Shetland and the Outside World, 1469–1969</i></a>. Aberdeen University Studies Series, no. 15. Oxford, United Kingdom: Published for the University of Aberdeen by Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780197141076" title="Special:BookSources/9780197141076"><bdi>9780197141076</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/8195814">8195814</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shetland+and+the+Outside+World%2C+1469%E2%80%931969&rft.place=Oxford%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.series=Aberdeen+University+Studies+Series%2C+no.+15&rft.pub=Published+for+the+University+of+Aberdeen+by+Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1983&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F8195814&rft.isbn=9780197141076&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dw1sXAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShetland" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shetland&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Shetland" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Shetland">Shetland</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Shetland_Islands" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Shetland Islands">Shetland Islands</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Shetland_Islands" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Shetland Islands">Shetland Islands</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Shetland_Islands#Q47134" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Shetland Islands">Shetland Islands</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shetland.gov.uk/">Shetland Islands Council</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shetland.org">www.shetland.org</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110202014617/http://shetlopedia.com/Main_Page">shetlopedia.com, – The Online Shetland Encyclopedia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110929034225/http://www.hie.co.uk/common/handlers/download-document.ashx?id=da147745-a041-4eb8-b0be-e0499461465d">HIE Area Profile – Shetland</a> (PDF file) from <a href="/wiki/Highlands_and_Islands_Enterprise" title="Highlands and Islands Enterprise">Highlands and Islands Enterprise</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shetlink.com/">Shetlink – Shetland's Online Community</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ssa.nls.uk/search.cfm?search_term=shetland&search_fields=2&search_join_type=AND&search_fuzzy=no&subject=&location=&personality=&genre=&series=&fiction=&colour=&sound=&year_from=&year_to=&decade=&videos_only=1&search_mode=Advanced&submit=Search+%3E%3E%3E">National Library of Scotland: Scottish Screen Archive</a> (selection of archive films about Shetland)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Shetland" title="Template:Shetland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Shetland" title="Template talk:Shetland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Shetland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Shetland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Shetland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shetland</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inhabited islands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Mainland,_Shetland" title="Mainland, Shetland">Mainland</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bressay" title="Bressay">Bressay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burra,_Shetland" title="Burra, Shetland">Burra</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Burra" title="East Burra">East Burra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Burra" title="West Burra">West Burra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_Isle" title="Fair Isle">Fair Isle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fetlar" title="Fetlar">Fetlar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foula" title="Foula">Foula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muckle_Roe" title="Muckle Roe">Muckle Roe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Isles" title="North Isles">North Isles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Out_Skerries" title="Out Skerries">Out Skerries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Stour" title="Papa Stour">Papa Stour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trondra" title="Trondra">Trondra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unst" title="Unst">Unst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaila" title="Vaila">Vaila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whalsay" title="Whalsay">Whalsay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yell,_Shetland" title="Yell, Shetland">Yell</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Shetland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Shetland"><img alt="Flag of Shetland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Shetland.svg/50px-Flag_of_Shetland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Shetland.svg/75px-Flag_of_Shetland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Shetland.svg/100px-Flag_of_Shetland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Shetland_islands" title="List of Shetland islands">Other islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balta,_Shetland" title="Balta, Shetland">Balta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bigga,_Shetland" title="Bigga, Shetland">Bigga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brother_Isle" title="Brother Isle">Brother Isle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colsay" title="Colsay">Colsay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hascosay" title="Hascosay">Hascosay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildasay" title="Hildasay">Hildasay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamba,_Shetland" title="Lamba, Shetland">Lamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linga,_Bluemull_Sound" title="Linga, Bluemull Sound">Linga, Bluemull Sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linga,_Busta_Voe" title="Linga, Busta Voe">Linga, Busta Voe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linga_(near_Vementry)" title="Linga (near Vementry)">Linga (near Vementry)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linga,_Vaila_Sound" title="Linga, Vaila Sound">Linga, Vaila Sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linga,_Yell_Sound" title="Linga, Yell Sound">Linga, Yell Sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mousa" title="Mousa">Mousa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Noss" title="Isle of Noss">Noss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxna" title="Oxna">Oxna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa,_Shetland" title="Papa, Shetland">Papa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Little" title="Papa Little">Papa Little</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samphrey" title="Samphrey">Samphrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Havra" title="South Havra">South Havra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Ninian%27s_Isle" title="St Ninian's Isle">St Ninian's Isle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyea,_Northmavine" title="Uyea, Northmavine">Uyea, Northmavine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyea,_Unst" title="Uyea, Unst">Uyea, Unst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vementry" title="Vementry">Vementry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ve_Skerries" title="Ve Skerries">Ve Skerries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Linga" title="West Linga">West Linga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Towns and villages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Lerwick" title="Lerwick">Lerwick</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aith" title="Aith">Aith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltasound" title="Baltasound">Baltasound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bigton" title="Bigton">Bigton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bixter" title="Bixter">Bixter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brae" title="Brae">Brae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunningsburgh" title="Cunningsburgh">Cunningsburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grutness" title="Grutness">Grutness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulberwick" title="Gulberwick">Gulberwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gutcher" title="Gutcher">Gutcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haroldswick" title="Haroldswick">Haroldswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillswick" title="Hillswick">Hillswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levenwick" title="Levenwick">Levenwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid_Yell" title="Mid Yell">Mid Yell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mossbank,_Shetland" title="Mossbank, Shetland">Mossbank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Roe" title="North Roe">North Roe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ollaberry" title="Ollaberry">Ollaberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarff" title="Quarff">Quarff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandwick,_Dunrossness" title="Sandwick, Dunrossness">Sandwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scalloway" title="Scalloway">Scalloway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbister" title="Symbister">Symbister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toab,_Shetland" title="Toab, Shetland">Toab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toft,_Shetland" title="Toft, Shetland">Toft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulsta" title="Ulsta">Ulsta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyeasound" title="Uyeasound">Uyeasound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidlin" title="Vidlin">Vidlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voe,_Delting" title="Voe, Delting">Voe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walls,_Shetland" title="Walls, Shetland">Walls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weisdale" title="Weisdale">Weisdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whiteness,_Shetland" title="Whiteness, Shetland">Whiteness</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mainland Parishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delting" title="Delting">Delting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunrossness" title="Dunrossness">Dunrossness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lerwick" title="Lerwick">Lerwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nesting,_Shetland" title="Nesting, Shetland">Nesting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northmavine" title="Northmavine">Northmavine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandsting" title="Sandsting">Sandsting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tingwall,_Shetland" title="Tingwall, Shetland">Tingwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walls,_Shetland" title="Walls, Shetland">Walls and Sandness</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Insular Parishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bressay" title="Bressay">Bressay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fetlar" title="Fetlar">Fetlar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unst" title="Unst">Unst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yell,_Shetland" title="Yell, Shetland">Yell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Maritime features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balta_Sound" title="Balta Sound">Balta Sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bluemull_Sound" title="Bluemull Sound">Bluemull Sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burra_Voe" title="Burra Voe">Burra Voe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Busta_Voe" title="Busta Voe">Busta Voe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calder%27s_Geo" title="Calder's Geo">Calder's Geo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronas_Voe" title="Ronas Voe">Ronas Voe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Magnus_Bay" title="St Magnus Bay">St Magnus Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sullom_Voe" title="Sullom Voe">Sullom Voe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Voe_of_Sumburgh" title="West Voe of Sumburgh">West Voe of Sumburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yell_Sound" title="Yell Sound">Yell Sound</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Extreme points<br /><div class="hlist"><ul><li>(N</li><li>S</li><li>E</li><li>W)</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Out_Stack" title="Out Stack">Out Stack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_Isle" title="Fair Isle">The Skerry, off Fair Isle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bound_Skerry" title="Bound Skerry">Bound Skerry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foula" title="Foula">Waster Hoevda, Foula</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shetland_animal_breeds" title="Shetland animal breeds">Animal breeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Isles#Island_names" title="Northern Isles">Etymology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Shetland" title="History of Shetland">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Shetland" title="Prehistoric Shetland">Prehistory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prehistoric_Shetland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prehistoric_Shetland" title="Template:Prehistoric Shetland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prehistoric_Shetland" title="Template talk:Prehistoric Shetland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prehistoric_Shetland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prehistoric Shetland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prehistoric_Shetland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Shetland" title="Prehistoric Shetland">Prehistoric Shetland</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Neolithic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benie_Hoose" title="Benie Hoose">Benie Hoose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funzie_Girt" title="Funzie Girt">Funzie Girt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hjaltadans" class="mw-redirect" title="Hjaltadans">Hjaltadans Stone Circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pettigarths_Field_Cairns" title="Pettigarths Field Cairns">Pettigarths Field Cairns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scord_of_Brouster" title="Scord of Brouster">Scord of Brouster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Stones_of_Yoxie" title="Standing Stones of Yoxie">Standing Stones of Yoxie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanydale_Temple" title="Stanydale Temple">Stanydale Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vementry" title="Vementry">Vementry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heel-shaped_cairn" title="Heel-shaped cairn">Heel-shaped cairn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Iron Age</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zenith_of_Iron_Age_Shetland" title="Zenith of Iron Age Shetland">Zenith of Iron Age Shetland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broch_of_Clickimin" title="Broch of Clickimin">Broch of Clickimin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broch_of_Cullingsburgh" title="Broch of Cullingsburgh">Broch of Cullingsburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broch_of_Culswick" title="Broch of Culswick">Broch of Culswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broch_of_Mousa" title="Broch of Mousa">Broch of Mousa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burra_Ness_Broch" title="Burra Ness Broch">Burra Ness Broch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clumlie_Broch" title="Clumlie Broch">Clumlie Broch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huxter_Fort" title="Huxter Fort">Huxter Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ness_of_Burgi_fort" title="Ness of Burgi fort">Ness of Burgi Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snabrough_broch" title="Snabrough broch">Snabrough Broch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broch_of_West_Burrafirth" title="Broch of West Burrafirth">Broch of West Burrafirth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Picts" title="Picts">Pictish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St_Ninian%27s_Isle" title="St Ninian's Isle">St Ninian's Isle Treasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunnasting_stone" title="Lunnasting stone">Lunnasting stone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Multi-period</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jarlshof" title="Jarlshof">Jarlshof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Scatness" title="Old Scatness">Old Scatness</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Local_government_of_Scotland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#bfd7ff;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Scotland_subdivisions" title="Template:Scotland subdivisions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Scotland_subdivisions" title="Template talk:Scotland subdivisions"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Scotland_subdivisions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Scotland subdivisions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Local_government_of_Scotland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Scotland" title="Local government in Scotland">Local government</a> of <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Scotland" title="Subdivisions of Scotland">Council areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aberdeen_City_(council_area)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aberdeen City (council area)">Aberdeen City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aberdeenshire" title="Aberdeenshire">Aberdeenshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angus,_Scotland" title="Angus, Scotland">Angus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argyll_and_Bute" title="Argyll and Bute">Argyll and Bute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clackmannanshire" title="Clackmannanshire">Clackmannanshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumfries_and_Galloway" title="Dumfries and Galloway">Dumfries and Galloway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dundee_City_(council_area)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dundee City (council area)">Dundee City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Ayrshire" title="East Ayrshire">East Ayrshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Dunbartonshire" title="East Dunbartonshire">East Dunbartonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Lothian" title="East Lothian">East Lothian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Renfrewshire" title="East Renfrewshire">East Renfrewshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Edinburgh_(council_area)" class="mw-redirect" title="City of Edinburgh (council area)">City of Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falkirk_(council_area)" title="Falkirk (council area)">Falkirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fife" title="Fife">Fife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow_City_(council_area)" class="mw-redirect" title="Glasgow City (council area)">Glasgow City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_(council_area)" title="Highland (council area)">Highland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverclyde" title="Inverclyde">Inverclyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midlothian" title="Midlothian">Midlothian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moray" title="Moray">Moray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outer_Hebrides" title="Outer Hebrides">Na h-Eileanan an Iar (Western Isles)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Ayrshire" title="North Ayrshire">North Ayrshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Lanarkshire" title="North Lanarkshire">North Lanarkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orkney" title="Orkney">Orkney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perth_and_Kinross" title="Perth and Kinross">Perth and Kinross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renfrewshire" title="Renfrewshire">Renfrewshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Borders" title="Scottish Borders">Scottish Borders</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shetland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Ayrshire" title="South Ayrshire">South Ayrshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Lanarkshire" title="South Lanarkshire">South Lanarkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stirling_(council_area)" title="Stirling (council area)">Stirling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Dunbartonshire" title="West Dunbartonshire">West Dunbartonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Lothian" title="West Lothian">West Lothian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Scotland" title="Subdivisions of Scotland">Councils</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aberdeen_City_Council" title="Aberdeen City Council">Aberdeen City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aberdeenshire_Council" title="Aberdeenshire Council">Aberdeenshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angus_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Angus Council">Angus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argyll_and_Bute_Council" title="Argyll and Bute Council">Argyll and Bute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clackmannanshire_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Clackmannanshire Council">Clackmannanshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumfries_and_Galloway_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Dumfries and Galloway Council">Dumfries and Galloway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dundee_City_Council" title="Dundee City Council">Dundee City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Ayrshire_Council" title="East Ayrshire Council">East Ayrshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Dunbartonshire_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="East Dunbartonshire Council">East Dunbartonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Lothian_Council" title="East Lothian Council">East Lothian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Renfrewshire_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="East Renfrewshire Council">East Renfrewshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Edinburgh_Council" title="City of Edinburgh Council">City of Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falkirk_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Falkirk Council">Falkirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fife_Council" title="Fife Council">Fife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow_City_Council" title="Glasgow City Council">Glasgow City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_Council" title="Highland Council">Highland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverclyde_Council" title="Inverclyde Council">Inverclyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midlothian_Council" title="Midlothian Council">Midlothian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moray_Council" title="Moray Council">Moray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comhairle_nan_Eilean_Siar" title="Comhairle nan Eilean Siar">Comhairle nan Eilean Siar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Ayrshire_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="North Ayrshire Council">North Ayrshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Lanarkshire_Council" title="North Lanarkshire Council">North Lanarkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orkney_Islands_Council" title="Orkney Islands Council">Orkney Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perth_and_Kinross_Council" title="Perth and Kinross Council">Perth and Kinross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renfrewshire_Council" title="Renfrewshire Council">Renfrewshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Borders_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Borders Council">Scottish Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shetland_Islands_Council" title="Shetland Islands Council">Shetland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Ayrshire_Council" title="South Ayrshire Council">South Ayrshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Lanarkshire_Council" title="South Lanarkshire Council">South Lanarkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stirling_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Stirling Council">Stirling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Dunbartonshire_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="West Dunbartonshire Council">West Dunbartonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Lothian_Council" title="West Lothian Council">West Lothian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_Scottish_council_areas_by_area" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Scottish council areas by area">List by area</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Scottish_council_areas_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Scottish council areas by population">population</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Scottish_council_areas_by_population_density" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Scottish council areas by population density">density</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Former_local_government_counties_of_Scotland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Scotland_counties" title="Template:Scotland counties"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Scotland_counties" title="Template talk:Scotland counties"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Scotland_counties" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Scotland counties"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Former_local_government_counties_of_Scotland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Counties of Scotland">Former local government counties</a> of <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aberdeenshire_(historic)" title="Aberdeenshire (historic)">Aberdeenshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angus,_Scotland" title="Angus, Scotland">Angus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argyll" title="Argyll">Argyll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayrshire" title="Ayrshire">Ayrshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banffshire" title="Banffshire">Banffshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berwickshire" title="Berwickshire">Berwickshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Bute" title="County of Bute">Bute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caithness" title="Caithness">Caithness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clackmannanshire" title="Clackmannanshire">Clackmannanshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cromartyshire" title="Cromartyshire">Cromartyshire</a> (to 1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumfriesshire" title="Dumfriesshire">Dumfriesshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunbartonshire" title="Dunbartonshire">Dunbartonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Lothian" title="East Lothian">East Lothian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fife" title="Fife">Fife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverness-shire" title="Inverness-shire">Inverness-shire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kincardineshire" title="Kincardineshire">Kincardineshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinross-shire" title="Kinross-shire">Kinross-shire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirkcudbrightshire" title="Kirkcudbrightshire">Kirkcudbrightshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanarkshire" title="Lanarkshire">Lanarkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midlothian" title="Midlothian">Midlothian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Moray" title="County of Moray">Moray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nairnshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Nairnshire">Nairnshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orkney" title="Orkney">Orkney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peeblesshire" title="Peeblesshire">Peeblesshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perthshire" title="Perthshire">Perthshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renfrewshire_(historic)" title="Renfrewshire (historic)">Renfrewshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross-shire" title="Ross-shire">Ross-shire</a> (to 1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_and_Cromarty" title="Ross and Cromarty">Ross and Cromarty</a> (from 1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roxburghshire" title="Roxburghshire">Roxburghshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selkirkshire" title="Selkirkshire">Selkirkshire</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shetland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stirlingshire" title="Stirlingshire">Stirlingshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutherland" title="Sutherland">Sutherland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Lothian" title="West Lothian">West Lothian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wigtownshire" title="Wigtownshire">Wigtownshire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Islands_of_Scotland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Islands_of_Scotland" title="Template:Islands of Scotland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Islands_of_Scotland" title="Template talk:Islands of Scotland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Islands_of_Scotland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Islands of Scotland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Islands_of_Scotland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Scotland" title="List of islands of Scotland">Islands of Scotland</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Geography" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Geography</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Isles" title="Northern Isles">Northern Isles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shetland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Shetland_islands" title="List of Shetland islands">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orkney" title="Orkney">Orkney</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Orkney_islands" title="List of Orkney islands">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hebrides" title="Hebrides">Hebrides</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outer_Hebrides" title="Outer Hebrides">Outer Hebrides</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Outer_Hebrides" title="List of Outer Hebrides">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Hebrides" title="Inner Hebrides">Inner Hebrides</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Inner_Hebrides" title="List of Inner Hebrides">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Kilda,_Scotland" title="St Kilda, Scotland">St Kilda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islands_of_the_Clyde" title="Islands of the Clyde">Islands of the Clyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islands_of_the_Forth" title="Islands of the Forth">Islands of the Forth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_freshwater_islands_in_Scotland" title="List of freshwater islands in Scotland">Freshwater Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_outlying_islands_of_Scotland" title="List of outlying islands of Scotland">Outlying Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sea_stacks_in_Scotland" title="List of sea stacks in Scotland">Sea Stacks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Boreray_and_the_Stacs.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Boreray and the Stacs"><img alt="Boreray and the Stacs" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Boreray_and_the_Stacs.jpg/80px-Boreray_and_the_Stacs.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Boreray_and_the_Stacs.jpg/120px-Boreray_and_the_Stacs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Boreray_and_the_Stacs.jpg/160px-Boreray_and_the_Stacs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="581" data-file-height="451" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Prehistory" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Prehistory</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Orkney" title="Prehistoric Orkney">Prehistoric Orkney</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heart_of_Neolithic_Orkney" title="Heart of Neolithic Orkney">Heart of Neolithic Orkney World Heritage Site</a>:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maeshowe" title="Maeshowe">Maeshowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ness_of_Brodgar" title="Ness of Brodgar">Ness of Brodgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_of_Brodgar" title="Ring of Brodgar">Ring of Brodgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skara_Brae" title="Skara Brae">Skara Brae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Stones_of_Stenness" title="Standing Stones of Stenness">Standing Stones of Stenness</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Shetland" title="Prehistoric Shetland">Prehistoric Shetland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zenith_of_Iron_Age_Shetland" title="Zenith of Iron Age Shetland">Zenith of Iron Age Shetland</a>:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broch_of_Mousa" title="Broch of Mousa">Broch of Mousa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarlshof" title="Jarlshof">Jarlshof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Scatness" title="Old Scatness">Old Scatness</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prehistoric Western Isles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Callanish_Stones" title="Callanish Stones">Callanish Stones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dun_Carloway" title="Dun Carloway">Dun Carloway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubha_an_D%C3%B9nain" title="Rubha an Dùnain">Rubha an Dùnain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dun_Nosebridge" title="Dun Nosebridge">Dun Nosebridge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="History" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">History</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1l_Riata" title="Dál Riata">Dál Riata</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columba" title="Columba">Columba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinba" title="Hinba">Hinba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Isles" title="Kingdom of the Isles">Kingdom of the Isles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Scotland" title="Scandinavian Scotland">Scandinavian Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rulers_of_the_Kingdom_of_the_Isles" class="mw-redirect" title="Rulers of the Kingdom of the Isles">Rulers of the Kingdom of the Isles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_the_Isles" title="Bishop of the Isles">Bishop of the Isles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lord_of_the_Isles" title="Lord of the Isles">Lordship of the Isles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Perth" title="Treaty of Perth">Treaty of Perth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Westminster_(1462)" title="Treaty of Westminster (1462)">Treaty of Ardtornish-Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finlaggan" title="Finlaggan">Finlaggan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Orkney" title="Earl of Orkney">Earldom of Orkney</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buckquoy_spindle-whorl" title="Buckquoy spindle-whorl">Buckquoy spindle-whorl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udal_law" title="Udal law">Udal law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th and 19th Century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Highland_Clearances" title="Highland Clearances">Clearances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobite_risings" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacobite risings">Jacobite risings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_MacDonald" title="Flora MacDonald">Flora MacDonald</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Orkneyinga_saga" title="Orkneyinga saga">Orkneyinga Saga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Description_of_the_Western_Isles_of_Scotland" title="Description of the Western Isles of Scotland">Description of the Western Isles of Scotland</a></i> (Monro)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Martin_Martin" title="Martin Martin">A Description of the Western Isles of Scotland</a></i> (Martin)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Journey_to_the_Western_Islands_of_Scotland" title="A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland">A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland</a></i> (Johnson)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Journal_of_a_Tour_to_the_Hebrides" title="The Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides">The Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides</a></i> (Boswell)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Etymology" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Etymology</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_island_names" title="Scottish island names">Scottish island names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Isles#Island_names" title="Northern Isles">Northern Isles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrides#Etymology" title="Hebrides">Hebrides</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ainmean-%C3%80ite_na_h-Alba" title="Ainmean-Àite na h-Alba">Ainmean-Àite na h-Alba</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Arran#Etymology" title="Isle of Arran">Arran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gigha#Etymology" title="Gigha">Gigha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islay#Name" title="Islay">Islay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etymology_of_Skye" title="Etymology of Skye">Skye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Kilda,_Scotland#Origin_of_names" title="St Kilda, Scotland">St Kilda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Economy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Economy</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Towns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kirkwall" title="Kirkwall">Kirkwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lerwick" title="Lerwick">Lerwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rothesay" title="Rothesay">Rothesay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stornoway" title="Stornoway">Stornoway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stromness" title="Stromness">Stromness</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Community_Energy_Scotland" title="Community Energy Scotland">Community Energy Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crofters_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Crofters Commission">Crofters Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highlands_and_Islands_Enterprise" title="Highlands and Islands Enterprise">Highlands and Islands Enterprise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Islands_Federation" title="Scottish Islands Federation">Scottish Islands Federation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Sea_oil" title="North Sea oil">Oil industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flotta" title="Flotta">Flotta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sullom_Voe" title="Sullom Voe">Sullom Voe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Culture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Culture</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shetland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aly_Bain" title="Aly Bain">Aly Bain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fraser_(singer)" title="Thomas Fraser (singer)">Thomas Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peerie_Willie_Johnson" title="Peerie Willie Johnson">Peerie Willie Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shetland_Amenity_Trust" title="Shetland Amenity Trust">Shetland Amenity Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Up_Helly_Aa" title="Up Helly Aa">Up Helly Aa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vagaland" title="Vagaland">Vagaland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Orkney</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Mackay_Brown" title="George Mackay Brown">George Mackay Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Maxwell_Davies" title="Peter Maxwell Davies">Peter Maxwell Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._Marian_McNeill" title="F. Marian McNeill">F. Marian McNeill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirkwall_Ba_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirkwall Ba game">Kirkwall Ba game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orkney_Heritage_Society" title="Orkney Heritage Society">Orkney Heritage Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Magnus_Festival" title="St Magnus Festival">St Magnus Festival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Outer Hebrides</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compton_Mackenzie" title="Compton Mackenzie">Compton Mackenzie</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A8is_Bharraigh" title="Fèis Bharraigh">Fèis Bharraigh</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Church_of_Scotland_(since_1900)" title="Free Church of Scotland (since 1900)">Free Church of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iain_Crichton_Smith" title="Iain Crichton Smith">Iain Crichton Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inner Hebrides</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islay_whisky" class="mw-redirect" title="Islay whisky">Islay whisky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runrig" title="Runrig">Runrig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorley_MacLean" title="Sorley MacLean">Sorley MacLean</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/West_Highland_Free_Press" title="West Highland Free Press">West Highland Free Press</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Politics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Politics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Local_authorities" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Local authorities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shetland_Islands_Council" title="Shetland Islands Council">Shetland Islands Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orkney_Islands_Council" title="Orkney Islands Council">Orkney Islands Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comhairle_nan_Eilean_Siar" title="Comhairle nan Eilean Siar">Comhairle nan Eilean Siar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_Council" title="Highland Council">Highland Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argyll_and_Bute" title="Argyll and Bute">Argyll and Bute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Ayrshire" title="North Ayrshire">North Ayrshire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Wildlife" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Wildlife</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fauna</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fair_Isle_wren" title="Fair Isle wren">Fair Isle wren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orkney_vole" title="Orkney vole">Orkney vole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shetland_wren" title="Shetland wren">Shetland wren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Kilda_field_mouse" title="St Kilda field mouse">St Kilda field mouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Kilda_wren" title="St Kilda wren">St Kilda wren</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Flora</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arran_whitebeams" title="Arran whitebeams">Arran whitebeams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primula_scotica" title="Primula scotica">Scottish Primrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerastium_nigrescens" title="Cerastium nigrescens">Shetland Mouse-ear</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Domesticated animals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cairn_Terrier" title="Cairn Terrier">Cairn Terrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eriskay_Pony" title="Eriskay Pony">Eriskay Pony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boreray_(sheep)" class="mw-redirect" title="Boreray (sheep)">Hebridean Blackface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luing_cattle" title="Luing cattle">Luing cattle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Ronaldsay_sheep" title="North Ronaldsay sheep">North Ronaldsay sheep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Terrier" title="Scottish Terrier">Scottie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shetland_Sheepdog" title="Shetland Sheepdog">Sheltie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shetland_(cattle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shetland (cattle)">Shetland cattle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shetland_Goose" class="mw-redirect" title="Shetland Goose">Shetland Goose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shetland_pony" title="Shetland pony">Shetland pony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shetland_sheep" title="Shetland sheep">Shetland sheep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soay_sheep" title="Soay sheep">Soay sheep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Highland_White_Terrier" title="West Highland White Terrier">Westie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Geology" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Geology</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shetland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geopark_Shetland" title="Geopark Shetland">Geopark Shetland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Orkney" title="Geology of Orkney">Geology of Orkney</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eday_Group" title="Eday Group">Eday Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orcadian_Basin" title="Orcadian Basin">Orcadian Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yesnaby_Sandstone_Group" title="Yesnaby Sandstone Group">Yesnaby Sandstone Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hebrides</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colonsay_Group" title="Colonsay Group">Colonsay Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Estuarine_Group" title="Great Estuarine Group">Great Estuarine Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebridean_Terrane" title="Hebridean Terrane">Hebridean Terrane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewisian_complex" title="Lewisian complex">Lewisian complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorne_plateau_lavas" title="Lorne plateau lavas">Lorne plateau lavas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moine_Supergroup" class="mw-redirect" title="Moine Supergroup">Moine Supergroup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moine_Thrust_Belt" title="Moine Thrust Belt">Moine Thrust Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_the_Isle_of_Mull" title="Geology of the Isle of Mull">Mull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhinns_complex" title="Rhinns complex">Rhinns complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_the_Isle_of_Skye" title="Geology of the Isle of Skye">Skye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staffa#Geology_and_pre-history" title="Staffa">Staffa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torridonian" title="Torridonian">Torridonian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Islands of the Clyde</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Highland_Boundary_Fault" title="Highland Boundary Fault">Highland Boundary Fault</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_scenic_areas_in_Scotland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#9BCB65;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NSAs_in_Scotland" title="Template:NSAs in Scotland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:NSAs_in_Scotland" title="Template talk:NSAs in Scotland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NSAs_in_Scotland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:NSAs in Scotland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_scenic_areas_in_Scotland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_scenic_area_(Scotland)" title="National scenic area (Scotland)">National scenic areas</a> in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aberdeenshire" title="Aberdeenshire">Aberdeenshire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/River_Dee,_Aberdeenshire" title="River Dee, Aberdeenshire">Deeside</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lochnagar" title="Lochnagar">Lochnagar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Argyll_and_Bute" title="Argyll and Bute">Argyll and Bute</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jura,_Scotland" title="Jura, Scotland">Jura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Nevis_and_Glen_Coe_National_Scenic_Area" title="Ben Nevis and Glen Coe National Scenic Area">Ben Nevis and Glen Coe</a> (part)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knapdale" title="Knapdale">Knapdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyles_of_Bute" title="Kyles of Bute">Kyles of Bute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loch_Lomond" title="Loch Lomond">Loch Lomond</a> (part)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loch_na_Keal" title="Loch na Keal">Loch na Keal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lismore,_Scotland" title="Lismore, Scotland">Lynn of Lorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarba,_Lunga_and_the_Garvellachs_National_Scenic_Area" title="Scarba, Lunga and the Garvellachs National Scenic Area">Scarba, Lunga and the Garvellachs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dumfries_and_Galloway" title="Dumfries and Galloway">Dumfries and Galloway</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rough_Firth" title="Rough Firth">East Stewartry Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_of_Fleet" title="Water of Fleet">Fleet Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Nith" title="River Nith">Nith Estuary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Highland_(council_area)" title="Highland (council area)">Highland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assynt" title="Assynt">Assynt</a>-<a href="/wiki/Coigach" title="Coigach">Coigach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Nevis_and_Glen_Coe_National_Scenic_Area" title="Ben Nevis and Glen Coe National Scenic Area">Ben Nevis and Glen Coe</a> (part)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairngorms" title="Cairngorms">Cairngorms</a> (part)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuillin" title="Cuillin">Cuillin Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dornoch_Firth" title="Dornoch Firth">Dornoch Firth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Affric" title="Glen Affric">Glen Affric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Strathfarrar" title="Glen Strathfarrar">Glen Strathfarrar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kintail" title="Kintail">Kintail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knoydart" title="Knoydart">Knoydart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyle_of_Tongue" title="Kyle of Tongue">Kyle of Tongue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loch_Shiel" title="Loch Shiel">Loch Shiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morar,_Moidart_and_Ardnamurchan_National_Scenic_Area" title="Morar, Moidart and Ardnamurchan National Scenic Area">Morar, Moidart and Ardnamurchan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_West_Sutherland_National_Scenic_Area" title="North West Sutherland National Scenic Area">North West Sutherland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Isles" title="Small Isles">Small Isles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trotternish" title="Trotternish">Trotternish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wester_Ross" title="Wester Ross">Wester Ross</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Moray" title="Moray">Moray</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cairngorms" title="Cairngorms">Cairngorms</a> (part)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outer_Hebrides" title="Outer Hebrides">Na h-Eileanan Siar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Lewis,_Harris_and_North_Uist_National_Scenic_Area" title="South Lewis, Harris and North Uist National Scenic Area">South Lewis, Harris and North Uist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Uist" title="South Uist">South Uist Machair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Kilda,_Scotland" title="St Kilda, Scotland">St Kilda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Ayrshire" title="North Ayrshire">North Ayrshire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Arran" title="Isle of Arran">North Arran</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Orkney" title="Orkney">Orkney</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hoy_and_West_Mainland_National_Scenic_Area" title="Hoy and West Mainland National Scenic Area">Hoy and West Mainland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Perth_and_Kinross" title="Perth and Kinross">Perth and Kinross</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Nevis_and_Glen_Coe_National_Scenic_Area" title="Ben Nevis and Glen Coe National Scenic Area">Ben Nevis and Glen Coe</a> (part)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loch_Rannoch_and_Glen_Lyon_National_Scenic_Area" title="Loch Rannoch and Glen Lyon National Scenic Area">Loch Rannoch and Glen Lyon</a> (part)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loch_Tummel" title="Loch Tummel">Loch Tummel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Earn" title="River Earn">River Earn</a> (<a href="/wiki/Comrie,_Perth_and_Kinross" title="Comrie, Perth and Kinross">Comrie</a> to <a href="/wiki/St_Fillans" title="St Fillans">St Fillans</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Tay" title="River Tay">River Tay</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dunkeld" title="Dunkeld">Dunkeld</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Borders" title="Scottish Borders">Scottish Borders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eildon_Hill" title="Eildon Hill">Eildon and Leaderfoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Tweeddale_National_Scenic_Area" title="Upper Tweeddale National Scenic Area">Upper Tweeddale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shetland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shetland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stirling_(council_area)" title="Stirling (council area)">Stirling</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loch_Lomond" title="Loch Lomond">Loch Lomond</a> (part)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loch_Rannoch_and_Glen_Lyon_National_Scenic_Area" title="Loch Rannoch and Glen Lyon National Scenic Area">Loch Rannoch and Glen Lyon</a> (part)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trossachs" title="Trossachs">The Trossachs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Dunbartonshire" title="West Dunbartonshire">West Dunbartonshire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loch_Lomond" title="Loch Lomond">Loch Lomond</a> (part)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/48px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/64px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Scotland" title="Portal:Scotland">Scotland portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Scandinavian_Scotland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Scandinavian_Scotland" title="Template:Scandinavian Scotland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Scandinavian_Scotland" title="Template talk:Scandinavian Scotland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Scandinavian_Scotland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Scandinavian Scotland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Scandinavian_Scotland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Scotland" title="Scandinavian Scotland">Scandinavian Scotland</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rulers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_the_Kingdom_of_the_Isles" title="List of rulers of the Kingdom of the Isles">List of kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Orkney" title="Earl of Orkney">Earls of Orkney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crovan_dynasty" title="Crovan dynasty">Crovan dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_of_Argyll" title="Lord of Argyll">Lords of Argyll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mormaer_of_Caithness" title="Mormaer of Caithness">Mormaers of Caithness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%C3%AD_%C3%8Dmair" title="Uí Ímair">Uí Ímair</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable women</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aud_the_Deep-Minded_(Ketilsd%C3%B3ttir)" title="Aud the Deep-Minded (Ketilsdóttir)">Aud the Deep-Minded</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beth%C3%B3c,_Prioress_of_Iona" title="Bethóc, Prioress of Iona">Bethóc, Prioress of Iona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bja%C3%B0%C7%ABk" title="Bjaðǫk">Bjaðǫk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cacht_ingen_Ragnaill" title="Cacht ingen Ragnaill">Cacht ingen Ragnaill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gormflaith_ingen_Murchada" class="mw-redirect" title="Gormflaith ingen Murchada">Gormflaith ingen Murchada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunnhild,_Mother_of_Kings" title="Gunnhild, Mother of Kings">Gunnhild Gormsdóttir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helga_Moddansd%C3%B3ttir" title="Helga Moddansdóttir">Helga Moddansdóttir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingeborg_of_Norway" title="Ingeborg of Norway">Ingeborg of Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingibiorg_Finnsdottir" title="Ingibiorg Finnsdottir">Ingibjörg the Earls'-Mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabel_Bruce" title="Isabel Bruce">Isabel Bruce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1el_Muire_ingen_Amla%C3%ADb" title="Máel Muire ingen Amlaíb">Máel Muire ingen Amlaíb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret,_Maid_of_Norway" title="Margaret, Maid of Norway">Margaret, Maid of Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Scotland,_Queen_of_Norway" title="Margaret of Scotland, Queen of Norway">Margaret, Queen of Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Denmark,_Queen_of_Scotland" title="Margaret of Denmark, Queen of Scotland">Margaret of Denmark, Queen of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragnhild_Eriksdotter" title="Ragnhild Eriksdotter">Ragnhild Eriksdotter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragnhildis_Olafsdottir" title="Ragnhildis Olafsdottir">Ragnhildis Olafsdottir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other notable men</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caittil_Find" title="Caittil Find">Caittil Find</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingimundr_(eleventh_century)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ingimundr (eleventh century)">Ingimundr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lj%C3%B3t%C3%B3lfr" title="Ljótólfr">Ljótólfr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olaf_the_White" title="Olaf the White">Olaf the White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olvir_Rosta" title="Olvir Rosta">Olvir Rosta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1ll_B%C3%A1lkason" title="Páll Bálkason">Páll Bálkason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragnall_ua_%C3%8Dmair" title="Ragnall ua Ímair">Ragnall ua Ímair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweyn_Asleifsson" title="Sweyn Asleifsson">Sweyn Asleifsson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorbjorn_Thorsteinsson" title="Thorbjorn Thorsteinsson">Thorbjorn Thorsteinsson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorstein_the_Red" title="Thorstein the Red">Thorstein the Red</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Isles" title="Kingdom of the Isles">Kingdom of the Isles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1l_Riata" title="Dál Riata">Dál Riata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norse%E2%80%93Gaels" title="Norse–Gaels">Gall-Ghàidheil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lochlann" title="Lochlann">Lochlann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Orkney" title="History of Orkney">Orkney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Isles" title="Kingdom of the Isles">Outer Hebrides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Shetland" title="History of Shetland">Shetland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davidian_Revolution" title="Davidian Revolution">Davidian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish%E2%80%93Norwegian_War" title="Scottish–Norwegian War">Scottish–Norwegian War (1262-66)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Scotland" title="History of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Norway" title="History of Norway">Norway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Archaeology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bornish" title="Bornish">Bornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birsay" title="Birsay">Birsay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop%27s_Palace,_Kirkwall" title="Bishop's Palace, Kirkwall">Bishop's Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brough_of_Birsay" title="Brough of Birsay">Brough of Birsay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camas_Uig" title="Camas Uig">Camas Uig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubbie_Roo%27s_Castle" class="mw-redirect" title="Cubbie Roo's Castle">Cubbie Roo's Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl%27s_Bu" class="mw-redirect" title="Earl's Bu">Earl's Bu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarlshof" title="Jarlshof">Jarlshof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirkwall_Castle" title="Kirkwall Castle">Kirkwall Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linton_Chapel" title="Linton Chapel">Linton Chapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maeshowe" title="Maeshowe">Maeshowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Scatness" title="Old Scatness">Old Scatness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_an_Eilean_Mh%C3%B2ir_boat_burial" title="Port an Eilean Mhòir boat burial">Port an Eilean Mhòir boat burial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubha_an_D%C3%B9nain" title="Rubha an Dùnain">Rubha an Dùnain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scar_boat_burial" title="Scar boat burial">Scar boat burial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Magnus_Church,_Egilsay" title="St Magnus Church, Egilsay">St Magnus Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artifacts and culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birlinn" title="Birlinn">Birlinn</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chronicles_of_Mann" title="Chronicles of Mann">Chronicles of Mann</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Darra%C3%B0arlj%C3%B3%C3%B0" title="Darraðarljóð">Darraðarljóð</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galloway_Hoard" title="Galloway Hoard">Galloway Hoard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hogback_(sculpture)" title="Hogback (sculpture)">Hogbacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_chessmen" title="Lewis chessmen">Lewis chessmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_runestones" title="Manx runestones">Manx runestones</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Orkneyinga_saga" title="Orkneyinga saga">Orkneyinga saga</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ounceland" title="Ounceland">Ounceland</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sen_dollotar_Ulaid_..." class="mw-redirect" title="Sen dollotar Ulaid ...">Sen dollotar Ulaid</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Magnus_Cathedral" title="St Magnus Cathedral">St Magnus Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udal_law" title="Udal law">Udal law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Thing_(assembly)" title="Thing (assembly)">Althings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delting" title="Delting">Delting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingwall" title="Dingwall">Dingwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_Ting_Holm" title="Law Ting Holm">Law Ting Holm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunnasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunnasting">Lunnasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nesting,_Shetland" title="Nesting, Shetland">Nesting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandsting" title="Sandsting">Sandsting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tingwall,_Shetland" title="Tingwall, Shetland">Tingwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tynwald" title="Tynwald">Tynwald</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Scotland" title="Languages of Scotland">Language</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Irish" title="Middle Irish">Middle Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norn_language" title="Norn language">Norn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pictish_language" title="Pictish language">Pictish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Norwegian" title="Old Norwegian">Old Norwegian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Etymology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_island_names" title="Scottish island names">Scottish island names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Isles#Island_names" title="Northern Isles">Northern Isles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrides#Etymology" title="Hebrides">Hebrides</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Battles and treaties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bauds" title="Battle of Bauds">Bauds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brunanburh" title="Battle of Brunanburh">Brunanburh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Clontarf" title="Battle of Clontarf">Clontarf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dollar" title="Battle of Dollar">Dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Barry" title="Battle of Barry">Barry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Epiphany" title="Battle of Epiphany">Epiphany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Battle of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Largs" title="Battle of Largs">Largs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Renfrew" title="Battle of Renfrew">Renfrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Skyhill" title="Battle of Skyhill">Skyhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tara_(Ireland)" title="Battle of Tara (Ireland)">Tara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vestraj%C7%ABr%C3%B0r" class="mw-redirect" title="Vestrajǫrðr">Vestrajǫrðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnus_Barefoot#First_Irish_Sea_campaign" title="Magnus Barefoot">Treaty of 1098</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Perth" title="Treaty of Perth">Treaty of Perth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_clan" title="Scottish clan">Associated clans and septs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clan_Gunn" title="Clan Gunn">Gunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%C3%AD_%C3%8Dmair" title="Uí Ímair">Uí Ímair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clann_Somhairle" title="Clann Somhairle">Somhairle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macaulay_family_of_Lewis" title="Macaulay family of Lewis">Macaulay of Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotter_family" title="Cotter family">Mac Coitir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clan_MacDougall" title="Clan MacDougall">MacDougall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clan_MacLeod" title="Clan MacLeod">MacLeod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clan_Macruari" class="mw-redirect" title="Clan Macruari">Macruari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clan_MacDonald" class="mw-redirect" title="Clan MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="British_Isles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:British_Isles" title="Template:British Isles"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:British_Isles" title="Template talk:British Isles"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:British_Isles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:British Isles"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="British_Isles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/British_Isles" title="British Isles">British Isles</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_the_British_Isles" title="Names of the British Isles">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terminology_of_the_British_Isles" title="Terminology of the British Isles">Terminology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alba" title="Alba">Alba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albion" title="Albion">Albion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymru" title="Cymru">Cymru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prydain" title="Prydain">Prydain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britain_(place_name)" title="Britain (place name)">Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ire" title="Éire">Éire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hibernia" title="Hibernia">Hibernia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> (<a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bailiwick_of_Guernsey" title="Bailiwick of Guernsey">Bailiwick of Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Political cooperation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ireland%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Ireland–United Kingdom relations">Ireland–United Kingdom relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British%E2%80%93Irish_Council" title="British–Irish Council">British–Irish Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British%E2%80%93Irish_Intergovernmental_Conference" title="British–Irish Intergovernmental Conference">British–Irish Intergovernmental Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British%E2%80%93Irish_Parliamentary_Assembly" title="British–Irish Parliamentary Assembly">British–Irish Parliamentary Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Travel_Area" title="Common Travel Area">Common Travel Area</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Island groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands" title="Channel Islands">Channel Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islands_of_the_Clyde" title="Islands of the Clyde">Islands of the Clyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrides" title="Hebrides">Hebrides</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Hebrides" title="Inner Hebrides">Inner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outer_Hebrides" title="Outer Hebrides">Outer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Isles" title="Northern Isles">Northern Isles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orkney" title="Orkney">Orkney</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shetland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isles_of_Scilly" title="Isles of Scilly">Isles of Scilly</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Lists of islands of</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_the_Bailiwick_of_Guernsey" class="mw-redirect" title="List of islands of the Bailiwick of Guernsey">Bailiwick of Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Ireland" title="List of islands of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_the_Bailiwick_of_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="List of islands of the Bailiwick of Jersey">Bailiwick of Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="List of islands of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of islands of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_England" title="List of islands of England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Scotland" title="List of islands of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Wales" title="List of islands of Wales">Wales</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_British_Isles" title="History of the British Isles">History</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_history_of_the_British_Isles" title="Outline of the history of the British Isles">outline</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Island groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland" title="History of Ireland">Ireland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Current states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="History of the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_England" title="History of England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Northern_Ireland" title="History of Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Scotland" title="History of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Wales" title="History of Wales">Wales</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Guernsey" title="History of Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Jersey" title="History of Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="History of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Former states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Free_State" title="Irish Free State">Irish Free State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">Kingdom of England</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Wales" title="Principality of Wales">Principality of Wales</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Kingdom of Great Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Ireland" title="Kingdom of Ireland">Kingdom of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland" title="Kingdom of Scotland">Kingdom of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Modern languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Germanic_languages" title="Germanic languages">Germanic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scots_language" title="Scots language">Scots</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_languages" title="Celtic languages">Celtic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_language" title="Cornish language">Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_language" title="Manx language">Manx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages">Romance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auregnais" title="Auregnais">Auregnais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guern%C3%A9siais" title="Guernésiais">Guernésiais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A8rriais" title="Jèrriais">Jèrriais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sercquiais" title="Sercquiais">Sercquiais</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Sign_Language" title="British Sign Language">British Sign Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Sign_Language" title="Irish Sign Language">Irish Sign Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Sign_Language" title="Northern Ireland Sign Language">Northern Ireland Sign Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelta" title="Shelta">Shelta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_people" title="British people">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_people" title="Cornish people">Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_people" title="English people">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanichal" title="Romanichal">English Gypsies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_people" title="Irish people">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Travellers" title="Irish Travellers">Irish Travellers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kale_(Welsh_Roma)" title="Kale (Welsh Roma)">Kale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_people" title="Manx people">Manx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_of_Northern_Ireland" title="People of Northern Ireland">Northern Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_people" title="Scottish people">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Scots_people" title="Ulster Scots people">Ulster-Scots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_people" title="Welsh people">Welsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47134#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47134#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47134#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/125426049">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1215050/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJht4vd3yQkKdQGBwT9FKd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4054745-0">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81097141">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11947846w">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11947846w">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Shetlandy (Skotsko : souostroví)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge295716&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007552767205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/ddb39253-06b3-4e3a-b218-21bdc94172b5">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/197449794">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10045165">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Vikings" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Vikings" title="Template:Vikings"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Vikings" title="Template talk:Vikings"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Vikings" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Vikings"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Vikings" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Vikings" title="Vikings">Vikings</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bl%C3%B3t" title="Blót">Blót</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brisingamen" class="mw-redirect" title="Brisingamen">Brisingamen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danegeld" title="Danegeld">Danegeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%ADs" title="Dís">Dís</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poetic_Edda" title="Poetic Edda">Eddas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Einherjar" title="Einherjar">Einherjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futhark" class="mw-redirect" title="Futhark">Futhark</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elder_Futhark" title="Elder Futhark">Elder Futhark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Younger_Futhark" title="Younger Futhark">Younger Futhark</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Germanic_deities" title="List of Germanic deities">Germanic deities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothi" title="Gothi">Gothi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hnefatafl" class="mw-redirect" title="Hnefatafl">Hnefatafl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holmgang" title="Holmgang">Holmgang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leysingi" title="Leysingi">Leysingi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mj%C3%B6lnir" title="Mjölnir">Mjölnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norsemen" title="Norsemen">Norsemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norse_funeral" title="Norse funeral">Norse funeral</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ship_burial" title="Ship burial">ship burial</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norse_mythology" title="Norse mythology">Norse mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norse_rituals" title="Norse rituals">Norse rituals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Norse_religion" title="Old Norse religion">Old Norse religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raven_banner" title="Raven banner">Raven banner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saga" title="Saga">Sagas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skald" title="Skald">Skald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seeress_(Germanic)" title="Seeress (Germanic)">Seeress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sk%C3%AD%C3%B0bla%C3%B0nir" title="Skíðblaðnir">Skíðblaðnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrall" title="Thrall">Thrall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrfing" title="Tyrfing">Tyrfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valhalla" title="Valhalla">Valhalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valkyrie" title="Valkyrie">Valkyrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_Age" title="Viking Age">Viking Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_art" title="Viking art">Viking art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_runestones" title="Viking runestones">Viking runestones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_during_the_Viking_Age" title="Trade during the Viking Age">Viking Age trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wergeld" class="mw-redirect" title="Wergeld">Wergeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yggdrasil" title="Yggdrasil">Yggdrasil</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vikingshipmini.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Vikingshipmini.jpg/130px-Vikingshipmini.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Vikingshipmini.jpg/195px-Vikingshipmini.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Vikingshipmini.jpg/260px-Vikingshipmini.jpg 2x" data-file-width="418" data-file-height="131" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ships<br />and navigation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Knarr" title="Knarr">Knarr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longship" title="Longship">Longship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_ships" class="mw-redirect" title="Viking ships">Viking ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_ship_replica" title="Viking ship replica">Viking ship replica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visby_lenses" title="Visby lenses">Visby lenses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Homelands<br />and colonies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Sea_Empire" title="North Sea Empire">North Sea Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Settlement_of_Iceland" title="Settlement of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Greenland" title="History of Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earldom_of_Orkney" title="Earldom of Orkney">Orkney Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Shetland#Viking_expansion" title="History of Shetland">Shetland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norse_settlement_in_the_Faroe_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Norse settlement in the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norse_colonization_of_North_America" title="Norse colonization of North America">North America</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/L%27Anse_aux_Meadows" title="L'Anse aux Meadows">L'Anse aux Meadows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinland" title="Vinland">Vinland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jomsborg" title="Jomsborg">Jomsborg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kievan_Rus%27" title="Kievan Rus'">Kievan Rus'</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Expansion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viking_expansion" title="Viking expansion">Viking expansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_activity_in_the_British_Isles" title="Viking activity in the British Isles">British Isles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danelaw" title="Danelaw">Danelaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_East_Anglia" title="Kingdom of East Anglia">Anglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercia" title="Mercia">Mercia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_York" title="Scandinavian York">York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Isles" title="Kingdom of the Isles">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Scotland" title="Scandinavian Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wessex" title="Wessex">Wessex</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vikings_in_Brittany" title="Vikings in Brittany">Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normandy" title="Normandy">Normandy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_raids_in_the_Rhineland" title="Viking raids in the Rhineland">Rhineland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomerania_during_the_Early_Middle_Ages" class="mw-redirect" title="Pomerania during the Early Middle Ages">Pomerania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_Age_in_Estonia" title="Viking Age in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikings_in_Iberia" title="Vikings in Iberia">Iberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Scandinavian_Dublin" title="Early Scandinavian Dublin">Dublin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_conquest_of_southern_Italy" title="Norman conquest of southern Italy">Italy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viking_raid_warfare_and_tactics" title="Viking raid warfare and tactics">Tactics and warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aclea" title="Battle of Aclea">Battle of Aclea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Alton" title="First Battle of Alton">First Battle of Alton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Anglesey_Sound" title="Battle of Anglesey Sound">Battle of Anglesey Sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ashdown" title="Battle of Ashdown">Battle of Ashdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Assandun" title="Battle of Assandun">Battle of Assandun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Basing" title="Battle of Basing">Battle of Basing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Barry" title="Battle of Barry">Battle of Barry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bauds" title="Battle of Bauds">Battle of Bauds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Benfleet" title="Battle of Benfleet">Battle of Benfleet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Br%C3%A1vellir" title="Battle of Brávellir">Battle of Brávellir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brentford_(1016)" title="Battle of Brentford (1016)">Battle of Brentford (1016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brissarthe" title="Battle of Brissarthe">Battle of Brissarthe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brunanburh" title="Battle of Brunanburh">Battle of Brunanburh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Buttington" title="Battle of Buttington">Battle of Buttington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cathair_Cuan" title="Battle of Cathair Cuan">Battle of Cathair Cuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chippenham" title="Battle of Chippenham">Battle of Chippenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Clontarf" title="Battle of Clontarf">Battle of Clontarf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Confey" title="Battle of Confey">Battle of Confey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Corbridge" title="Battle of Corbridge">Battle of Corbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cynwit" title="Battle of Cynwit">Battle of Cynwit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Derby" title="Battle of Derby">Battle of Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dollar" title="Battle of Dollar">Battle of Dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Edington" title="Battle of Edington">Battle of Edington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Englefield" title="Battle of Englefield">Battle of Englefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Epiphany" title="Battle of Epiphany">Battle of Epiphany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fitjar" title="Battle of Fitjar">Battle of Fitjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Florv%C3%A5g" title="Battle of Florvåg">Battle of Florvåg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fulford" title="Battle of Fulford">Battle of Fulford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_F%C3%BDrisvellir" title="Battle of Fýrisvellir">Battle of Fýrisvellir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Glenmama" title="Battle of Glenmama">Battle of Glenmama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hafrsfjord" title="Battle of Hafrsfjord">Battle of Hafrsfjord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Helge%C3%A5" title="Battle of Helgeå">Battle of Helgeå</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hingston_Down" title="Battle of Hingston Down">Battle of Hingston Down</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Holme" title="Battle of the Holme">Battle of the Holme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hj%C3%B6rungav%C3%A1gr" title="Battle of Hjörungavágr">Battle of Hjörungavágr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Islandbridge" title="Battle of Islandbridge">Battle of Islandbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Largs" title="Battle of Largs">Battle of Largs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Leuven_(891)" title="Battle of Leuven (891)">Battle of Leuven (891)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_London" title="Anglo-Saxon London">Battle of London Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_L%C3%BCneburg_Heath" title="Battle of Lüneburg Heath">Battle of Lüneburg Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lyrskov_Heath" title="Battle of Lyrskov Heath">Battle of Lyrskov Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mag_Femen" title="Battle of Mag Femen">Battle of Mag Femen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maldon" title="Battle of Maldon">Battle of Maldon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Meretun" title="Battle of Meretun">Battle of Meretun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nesjar" title="Battle of Nesjar">Battle of Nesjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nis%C3%A5" title="Battle of Niså">Battle of Niså</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Norditi" title="Battle of Norditi">Battle of Norditi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pinhoe" title="Battle of Pinhoe">Battle of Pinhoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rastarkalv" title="Battle of Rastarkalv">Battle of Rastarkalv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Reading_(871)" title="Battle of Reading (871)">Battle of Reading (871)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Renfrew" title="Battle of Renfrew">Battle of Renfrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Remich" title="Battle of Remich">Battle of Remich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ringmere" title="Battle of Ringmere">Battle of Ringmere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rochester" title="Battle of Rochester">Battle of Rochester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sasireti" title="Battle of Sasireti">Battle of Sasireti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saucourt-en-Vimeu" title="Battle of Saucourt-en-Vimeu">Battle of Saucourt-en-Vimeu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Skyhill" title="Battle of Skyhill">Battle of Skyhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stainmore" title="Battle of Stainmore">Battle of Stainmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stamford_(894)" title="Battle of Stamford (894)">Battle of Stamford (894)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stamford_(918)" title="Battle of Stamford (918)">Battle of Stamford (918)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stamford_Bridge" title="Battle of Stamford Bridge">Battle of Stamford Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stiklestad" title="Battle of Stiklestad">Battle of Stiklestad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Strangford_Lough" title="Battle of Strangford Lough">Battle of Strangford Lough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Svolder" title="Battle of Svolder">Battle of Svolder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sulcoit" title="Battle of Sulcoit">Battle of Sulcoit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tara_(Ireland)" title="Battle of Tara (Ireland)">Battle of Tara (Ireland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarbat_Ness" title="Tarbat Ness">Battle of Tarbat Ness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tempsford" title="Battle of Tempsford">Battle of Tempsford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tettenhall" title="Battle of Tettenhall">Battle of Tettenhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Thetford" title="Battle of Thetford">Battle of Thetford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Thimeon" title="Battle of Thimeon">Battle of Thimeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trans-la-For%C3%AAt" title="Battle of Trans-la-Forêt">Battle of Trans-la-Forêt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_York_(867)" title="Battle of York (867)">Battle of York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burning_of_Luimneach" title="Burning of Luimneach">Burning of Luimneach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_raid_on_Galicia_and_Asturias" title="Viking raid on Galicia and Asturias">Viking raid on Galicia and Asturias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_raids_in_the_Rhineland" title="Viking raids in the Rhineland">Raids in the Rhineland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_raid_on_Seville" title="Viking raid on Seville">Raid on Seville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Sack of Santiago de Compostela">Sack of Santiago de Compostela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Asselt" title="Siege of Asselt">Siege of Asselt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Chartres_(911)" title="Siege of Chartres (911)">Siege of Chartres (911)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Constantinople_(860)" title="Siege of Constantinople (860)">Siege of Constantinople (860)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Paris_(845)" title="Siege of Paris (845)">Sack of Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Paris_(885%E2%80%93886)" title="Siege of Paris (885–886)">Siege of Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cnut_the_Great%27s_invasion_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Cnut the Great's invasion of England">Cnut the Great's invasion of England</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Viking_Age_arms_and_armour" title="Viking Age arms and armour">Arms, armour</a> <br /> and fortifications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berserker" title="Berserker">Berserker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Heathen_Army" title="Great Heathen Army">Great Heathen Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hersir" title="Hersir">Hersir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hird" title="Hird">Hird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_Age_arms_and_armour" title="Viking Age arms and armour">Viking Age arms and armour</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viking_halberd" title="Viking halberd">Halberd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atgeir" title="Atgeir">Atgeir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bearded_axe" title="Bearded axe">Skeggöx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dane_axe" title="Dane axe">Dane axe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gjermundbu_helmet" title="Gjermundbu helmet">Gjermundbu helmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarm_helmet" title="Yarm helmet">Yarm helmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_sword" title="Viking sword">Sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulfberht_swords" title="Ulfberht swords">Ulfberht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingelrii" title="Ingelrii">Ingelrii</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_ring_fortress" title="Viking ring fortress">Ring Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_raid_warfare_and_tactics" title="Viking raid warfare and tactics">Raid Warfare and Tactics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shield-maiden" title="Shield-maiden">Shield-maiden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svinfylking" title="Svinfylking">Svinfylking Formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varangian_Guard" title="Varangian Guard">Varangian Guard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airdeconut" title="Airdeconut">Airdeconut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amla%C3%ADb_Cenncairech" title="Amlaíb Cenncairech">Amlaíb Cenncairech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amla%C3%ADb_Cuar%C3%A1n" title="Amlaíb Cuarán">Amlaíb Cuarán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amla%C3%ADb_Conung" title="Amlaíb Conung">Amlaíb Conung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aud_the_Deep-Minded_(Ketilsd%C3%B3ttir)" title="Aud the Deep-Minded (Ketilsdóttir)">Aud the Deep-Minded (Ketilsdóttir)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auisle" title="Auisle">Auisle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagsecg" title="Bagsecg">Bagsecg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berle-Kari" title="Berle-Kari">Berle-Kari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birka_female_Viking_warrior" class="mw-redirect" title="Birka female Viking warrior">Birka female Viking warrior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B8rn_(floruit_856%E2%80%9358)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bjørn (floruit 856–58)">Bjørn (floruit 856–58)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bjorn_Asbrandsson" title="Bjorn Asbrandsson">Bjorn Asbrandsson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bjarni_Herj%C3%B3lfsson" title="Bjarni Herjólfsson">Bjarni Herjólfsson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rn_Ironside" title="Björn Ironside">Björn Ironside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bjorn_the_Easterner" class="mw-redirect" title="Bjorn the Easterner">Bjorn the Easterner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cnut" title="Cnut">Cnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egill_Skallagr%C3%ADmsson" title="Egill Skallagrímsson">Egill Skallagrímsson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eohric_of_East_Anglia" title="Eohric of East Anglia">Eohric of East Anglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Bloodaxe" title="Eric Bloodaxe">Eric Bloodaxe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_the_Red" title="Erik the Red">Erik the Red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_I_of_Denmark" title="Eric I of Denmark">Eric I of Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eir%C3%ADkr_H%C3%A1konarson" title="Eiríkr Hákonarson">Eiríkr Hákonarson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freyd%C3%ADs_Eir%C3%ADksd%C3%B3ttir" title="Freydís Eiríksdóttir">Freydís Eiríksdóttir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freygeirr" title="Freygeirr">Freygeirr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gar%C3%B0ar_Svavarsson" title="Garðar Svavarsson">Garðar Svavarsson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godfrid_Haraldsson" title="Godfrid Haraldsson">Godfrid Haraldsson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godfrid,_Duke_of_Frisia" title="Godfrid, Duke of Frisia">Godfrid, Duke of Frisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%ADmur_Kamban" title="Grímur Kamban">Grímur Kamban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudrid_Thorbjarnard%C3%B3ttir" title="Gudrid Thorbjarnardóttir">Gudrid Thorbjarnardóttir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunnar_H%C3%A1mundarson" title="Gunnar Hámundarson">Gunnar Hámundarson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guthred" title="Guthred">Guthred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guthrum" title="Guthrum">Guthrum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hakon_Rognvaldsson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hakon Rognvaldsson (page does not exist)">Hakon Rognvaldsson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haakon_the_Good" title="Haakon the Good">Haakon the Good</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haakon_Sigurdsson" title="Haakon Sigurdsson">Haakon Sigurdsson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halfdan_Long-Leg" title="Halfdan Long-Leg">Halfdan Long-Leg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halfdan_Ragnarsson" title="Halfdan Ragnarsson">Halfdan Ragnarsson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagrold" title="Hagrold">Hagrold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harald_Bluetooth" title="Harald Bluetooth">Harald Bluetooth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harald_Fairhair" title="Harald Fairhair">Harald Fairhair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harald_Hardrada" title="Harald Hardrada">Harald Hardrada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harald_Wartooth" title="Harald Wartooth">Harald Wartooth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastein" title="Hastein">Hastein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemming_Halfdansson" title="Hemming Halfdansson">Hemming Halfdansson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hervor" title="Hervor">Hervor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrafna-Fl%C3%B3ki_Vilger%C3%B0arson" title="Hrafna-Flóki Vilgerðarson">Hrafna-Flóki Vilgerðarson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hvitserk" title="Hvitserk">Hvitserk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingvar_the_Far-Travelled" title="Ingvar the Far-Travelled">Ingvar the Far-Travelled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ing%C3%B3lfr_Arnarson" title="Ingólfr Arnarson">Ingólfr Arnarson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivar_the_Boneless" title="Ivar the Boneless">Ivar the Boneless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jomsvikings" title="Jomsvikings">Jomsvikings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aud_the_Deep-Minded_(Ketilsd%C3%B3ttir)" title="Aud the Deep-Minded (Ketilsdóttir)">Ketilsdóttir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketill_Flatnose" title="Ketill Flatnose">Ketill Flatnose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketil_Trout_(Iceland)" title="Ketil Trout (Iceland)">Ketil Trout (Iceland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagertha" title="Lagertha">Lagertha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leif_Erikson" title="Leif Erikson">Leif Erikson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnus_Barefoot" title="Magnus Barefoot">Magnus Barefoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naddodd" title="Naddodd">Naddodd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1ttfari" title="Náttfari">Náttfari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olaf_Tryggvason" title="Olaf Tryggvason">Olaf Tryggvason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olaf_II_of_Norway" title="Olaf II of Norway">Olav Haraldsson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olaf_the_White" title="Olaf the White">Olaf the White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olof_Sk%C3%B6tkonung" title="Olof Skötkonung">Olof Skötkonung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orm_Storolfsson" title="Orm Storolfsson">Orm Storolfsson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohthere_of_H%C3%A5logaland" title="Ohthere of Hålogaland">Ohthere of Hålogaland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottir" title="Ottir">Ottir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palnatoke" title="Palnatoke">Palnatoke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Lodbrok" title="Ragnar Lodbrok">Ragnar Lodbrok</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ragnar_Ragnarsson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ragnar Ragnarsson (page does not exist)">Ragnar Ragnarsson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragnhild_Eriksdotter" title="Ragnhild Eriksdotter">Ragnhild Eriksdotter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragnall_ua_Imair" class="mw-redirect" title="Ragnall ua Imair">Ragnall ua Imair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raud_the_Strong" title="Raud the Strong">Raud the Strong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginheri" title="Reginheri">Reginheri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rognvald_Eysteinsson" title="Rognvald Eysteinsson">Rognvald Eysteinsson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rollo" title="Rollo">Rollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rorik_of_Dorestad" title="Rorik of Dorestad">Rorik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusla" title="Rusla">Rusla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sn%C3%A6frithr_Sv%C3%A1sadottir" title="Snæfrithr Svásadottir">Snæfrithr Svásadottir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigvaldi_Strut-Haraldsson" title="Sigvaldi Strut-Haraldsson">Sigvaldi Strut-Haraldsson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigurd_Ring" title="Sigurd Ring">Sigurd Ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigurd_Snake-in-the-Eye" title="Sigurd Snake-in-the-Eye">Sigurd Snake-in-the-Eye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigurd_the_Stout" title="Sigurd the Stout">Sigurd the Stout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitric_Caech" class="mw-redirect" title="Sitric Caech">Sitric Caech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skalla-Gr%C3%ADmr" title="Skalla-Grímr">Skalla-Grímr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snorri_Sturluson" title="Snorri Sturluson">Snorri Sturluson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steinunn_Refsd%C3%B3ttir" title="Steinunn Refsdóttir">Steinunn Refsdóttir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Styrbj%C3%B6rn_the_Strong" title="Styrbjörn the Strong">Styrbjörn the Strong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweyn_Asleifsson" title="Sweyn Asleifsson">Sweyn Asleifsson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweyn_Forkbeard" title="Sweyn Forkbeard">Sweyn Forkbeard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Eorbj%C3%B6rg_L%C3%ADtilv%C3%B6lva" title="Þorbjörg Lítilvölva">Þorbjörg Lítilvölva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorfinn_the_Mighty" title="Thorfinn the Mighty">Thorfinn the Mighty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorfinn_Torf-Einarsson" title="Thorfinn Torf-Einarsson">Thorfinn Torf-Einarsson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorkell_the_Tall" title="Thorkell the Tall">Thorkell the Tall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorir_Hund" title="Thorir Hund">Thorir Hund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorolf_Kveldulfsson" title="Thorolf Kveldulfsson">Thorolf Kveldulfsson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorstein_the_Red" title="Thorstein the Red">Thorstein the Red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tryggvi_the_Pretender" title="Tryggvi the Pretender">Tryggvi the Pretender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turgesius" title="Turgesius">Turgesius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valtoke_Gormsson" title="Valtoke Gormsson">Valtoke Gormsson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vagn_%C3%85kesson" title="Vagn Åkesson">Vagn Åkesson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veborg" title="Veborg">Veborg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubba" title="Ubba">Ubba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%C3%AD_%C3%8Dmair" title="Uí Ímair">Uí Ímair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aud_the_Deep-Minded_(Ketilsd%C3%B3ttir)" title="Aud the Deep-Minded (Ketilsdóttir)">Unn the Deep-Minded</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Runestones</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballstorp_Runestone" title="Ballstorp Runestone">Ballstorp Runestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_area_runestones" title="Baltic area runestones">Baltic area runestones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Runic_Inscription_66" title="Danish Runic Inscription 66">Danish Runic Inscription 66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Runic_Inscription_154" title="Danish Runic Inscription 154">Danish Runic Inscription 154</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Runic_Inscription_380" title="Danish Runic Inscription 380">Danish Runic Inscription 380</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egtved_Runestone" title="Egtved Runestone">Egtved Runestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/England_runestones" title="England runestones">England runestones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece_runestones" title="Greece runestones">Greece runestones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunnar%27s_bridge_runestones" title="Gunnar's bridge runestones">Gunnar's bridge runestones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagby_Runestones" title="Hagby Runestones">Hagby Runestones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakon_Jarl_runestones" title="Hakon Jarl runestones">Hakon Jarl runestones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A4llestad_Runestones" title="Hällestad Runestones">Hällestad Runestones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingvar_runestones" title="Ingvar runestones">Ingvar runestones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy_runestones" title="Italy runestones">Italy runestones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karlevi_Runestone" title="Karlevi Runestone">Karlevi Runestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingsberg_Runestones" title="Lingsberg Runestones">Lingsberg Runestones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norra_H%C3%A4rene_Runestone" title="Norra Härene Runestone">Norra Härene Runestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orkesta_Runestones" title="Orkesta Runestones">Orkesta Runestones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runestones_at_Aspa" title="Runestones at Aspa">Runestones at Aspa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runestones_of_H%C3%B6gby" title="Runestones of Högby">Runestones of Högby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A6dinge_Runestone" title="Sædinge Runestone">Sædinge Runestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigtrygg_Runestones" title="Sigtrygg Runestones">Sigtrygg Runestones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simris_Runestones" title="Simris Runestones">Simris Runestones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sj%C3%B6rup_Runestone" title="Sjörup Runestone">Sjörup Runestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sm%C3%A5land_Runic_Inscription_48" title="Småland Runic Inscription 48">Småland Runic Inscription 48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B6dermanland_Runic_Inscription_174" title="Södermanland Runic Inscription 174">Södermanland Runic Inscription 174</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B6dermanland_Runic_Inscription_333" title="Södermanland Runic Inscription 333">Södermanland Runic Inscription 333</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparl%C3%B6sa_Runestone" title="Sparlösa Runestone">Sparlösa Runestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stangeland_stone" title="Stangeland stone">Stangeland stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_of_Eric" title="Stone of Eric">Stone of Eric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runestone_U_582" title="Runestone U 582">Runestone U 582</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uppland_Runic_Inscription_158" title="Uppland Runic Inscription 158">Uppland Runic Inscription 158</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varangian_runestones" title="Varangian runestones">Varangian runestones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4sterg%C3%B6tland_Runic_Inscription_40" title="Västergötland Runic Inscription 40">Västergötland Runic Inscription 40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4stra_N%C3%B6bbel%C3%B6v_Runestone" title="Västra Nöbbelöv Runestone">Västra Nöbbelöv Runestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_runestones" title="Viking runestones">Viking runestones</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viking_revival" title="Viking revival">Viking revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_Ship_Museum_(Oslo)" title="Viking Ship Museum (Oslo)">Viking Ship Museum (Oslo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_Ship_Museum_(Roskilde)" title="Viking Ship Museum (Roskilde)">Viking Ship Museum (Roskilde)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shetland&oldid=1258973164">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shetland&oldid=1258973164</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Shetland" title="Category:Shetland">Shetland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Council_areas_of_Scotland" title="Category:Council areas of Scotland">Council areas of Scotland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Counties_of_Scotland" title="Category:Counties of Scotland">Counties of 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