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class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_food"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>As food</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_food-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc 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mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%83_%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AD" title="سمك مملح – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سمك مملح" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sle%C4%8F" title="Sleď – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sleď" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C" title="شاه‌ماهی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شاه‌ماهی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hareng_frais" title="Hareng frais – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hareng frais" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawak" title="Dawak – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Dawak" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haringe" title="Haringe – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Haringe" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengkalis_(ikan)" title="Bengkalis (ikan) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bengkalis (ikan)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikan_hering" title="Ikan hering – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ikan hering" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B7%E3%83%B3" title="ニシン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ニシン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Aled%C5%BA" title="Śledź – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Śledź" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herring" title="Herring – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Herring" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sle%C4%8F" title="Sleď – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Sleď" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sled" title="Sled – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sled" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%88" title="வெங்கணை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வெங்கணை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87" title="ปลาเฮร์ริง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ปลาเฮร์ริง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92" title="הערינג – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="הערינג" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%9A" title="希靈魚 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="希靈魚" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AF%A1%E9%AD%9A" title="鯡魚 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="鯡魚" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3127419#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Forage fish, mostly belonging to the family Clupeidae</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the species of fish. For their use as food, see <a href="/wiki/Herring_as_food" title="Herring as food">Herring as food</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Herring_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Herring (disambiguation)">Herring (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:304px;max-width:304px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader" style="text-align:">Herring</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:302px;max-width:302px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Clupea_harengus_Gervais.flipped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Clupea_harengus_Gervais.flipped.jpg/300px-Clupea_harengus_Gervais.flipped.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Clupea_harengus_Gervais.flipped.jpg/450px-Clupea_harengus_Gervais.flipped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Clupea_harengus_Gervais.flipped.jpg/600px-Clupea_harengus_Gervais.flipped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="462" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_herring" title="Atlantic herring">Atlantic herring</a>, <i>Clupea harengus</i></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:302px;max-width:302px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Global_capture_of_all_herring_1950%E2%80%932010.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Global_capture_of_all_herring_1950%E2%80%932010.png/300px-Global_capture_of_all_herring_1950%E2%80%932010.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Global_capture_of_all_herring_1950%E2%80%932010.png/450px-Global_capture_of_all_herring_1950%E2%80%932010.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Global_capture_of_all_herring_1950%E2%80%932010.png/600px-Global_capture_of_all_herring_1950%E2%80%932010.png 2x" data-file-width="1120" data-file-height="604" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Global commercial capture of herrings<br />in million tonnes reported by the <a href="/wiki/FAO" class="mw-redirect" title="FAO">FAO</a> 1950–2010<sup id="cite_ref-FAOdata_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAOdata-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div></div></div> <p><b>Herring</b> are various species of <a href="/wiki/Forage_fish" title="Forage fish">forage fish</a>, mostly belonging to the family of <a href="/wiki/Clupeidae" title="Clupeidae">Clupeidae</a>. </p><p>Herring often move in large <a href="/wiki/Shoaling_and_schooling" title="Shoaling and schooling">schools</a> around <a href="/wiki/Fishing_bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing bank">fishing banks</a> and near the coast, found particularly in shallow, temperate waters of the <a href="/wiki/North_Pacific_Ocean" class="mw-redirect" title="North Pacific Ocean">North Pacific</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Ocean" class="mw-redirect" title="North Atlantic Ocean">North Atlantic Oceans</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a>, as well as off the west coast of South America. Three species of <i>Clupea</i> (the <a href="/wiki/Type_genus" title="Type genus">type genus</a> of the herring family Clupeidae) are recognised, and comprise about 90% of all herrings captured in fisheries. The most abundant of these species is the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_herring" title="Atlantic herring">Atlantic herring</a>, which comprises over half of all herring capture. Fish called herring are also found in the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal" title="Bay of Bengal">Bay of Bengal</a>. </p><p>Herring played an important role in the history of marine fisheries in Europe,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and early in the 20th century, their study was fundamental to the development of <a href="/wiki/Fisheries_science" title="Fisheries science">fisheries science</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PaulyDarwin_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PaulyDarwin-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These <a href="/wiki/Oily_fish" title="Oily fish">oily fish</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also have a long history as an important <a href="/wiki/Food_fish" class="mw-redirect" title="Food fish">food fish</a>, and are often <a href="/wiki/Salted_fish" title="Salted fish">salted</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smoked_fish" title="Smoked fish">smoked</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Pickled_herring" title="Pickled herring">pickled</a>. </p><p>Herring were also known as "silver darlings" in the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Species">Species</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herring&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: 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.sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="width:14em"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:lavender; font-size:125%;">Commercial fish</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blue_walleye.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Blue_walleye.jpg/75px-Blue_walleye.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Blue_walleye.jpg/113px-Blue_walleye.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Blue_walleye.jpg/150px-Blue_walleye.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="477" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:gainsboro"> <a href="/wiki/Predatory_fish" title="Predatory fish">Large predatory</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Billfish#Species" title="Billfish">billfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonito#Species" title="Bonito">bonito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackerel#Species" title="Mackerel">mackerel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmon#Species" title="Salmon">salmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shark" title="Shark">shark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuna#Etymology" title="Tuna">tuna</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:gainsboro"> <a href="/wiki/Forage_fish" title="Forage fish">Forage</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchovy#Commercial_species" title="Anchovy">anchovy</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Species">herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menhaden#Taxonomy" title="Menhaden">menhaden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardine#Species" title="Sardine">sardine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alosidae" title="Alosidae">shad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprat#Species" title="Sprat">sprat</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:gainsboro"> <a href="/wiki/Demersal_fish" title="Demersal fish">Demersal</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cod#Species" title="Cod">cod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eel#Commercial_species" title="Eel">eel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flatfish#Species_and_species_groups" title="Flatfish">flatfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollock#Species" title="Pollock">pollock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batoidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Batoidea">ray</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:gainsboro"> Mixed</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carp#Species" title="Carp">carp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilapia#Species" title="Tilapia">tilapia</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Common_fish" title="Template:Common fish"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Common_fish" title="Template talk:Common fish"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Common_fish" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Common fish"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A number of different species, most belonging to the family <a href="/wiki/Clupeidae" title="Clupeidae">Clupeidae</a>, are commonly referred to as herrings. The origins of the term "herring" is somewhat unclear, though it may derive from the same source as the <a href="/wiki/Old_High_German" title="Old High German">Old High German</a> <i>heri</i> meaning a "host, multitude", in reference to the large schools they form.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Type_genus" title="Type genus">type genus</a> of the herring family Clupeidae is <i><a href="/wiki/Clupea" title="Clupea">Clupea</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-PaulyDarwin_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PaulyDarwin-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Clupea</i> contains only two species: the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_herring" title="Atlantic herring">Atlantic herring</a> (the type species) found in the North Atlantic, and the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_herring" title="Pacific herring">Pacific herring</a> mainly found in the North Pacific. <a href="/wiki/Subspecies" title="Subspecies">Subspecific</a> divisions have been suggested for both the Atlantic and Pacific herrings, but their biological basis remains unclear. </p> <table class="wikitable collapsible"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="11">Herrings in the genus <i>Clupea</i> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Common name </th> <th>Scientific name </th> <th>Maximum<br />length </th> <th>Common<br />length </th> <th>Maximum<br />weight </th> <th>Maximum<br />age </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Trophic_level" title="Trophic level">Trophic<br />level</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/FishBase" title="FishBase">Fish<br />Base</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/FAO" class="mw-redirect" title="FAO">FAO</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/ITIS" class="mw-redirect" title="ITIS">ITIS</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/IUCN" class="mw-redirect" title="IUCN">IUCN status</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_herring" title="Atlantic herring">Atlantic herring</a> </td> <td><i>Clupea harengus</i> <small>Linnaeus, 1758</small> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">45.0 cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">30.0 cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.05 kg </td> <td style="text-align:right;">22 years </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3.23 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LC_IUCN_3_1.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="LC IUCN 3 1.svg"><img alt="LC IUCN 3 1.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/32px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/48px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/64px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="32" /></a></span> <small>Least concern</small><sup id="cite_ref-IUCNgladius_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IUCNgladius-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pacific_herring" title="Pacific herring">Pacific herring</a> </td> <td><i>Clupea pallasii</i> <small>Valenciennes, 1847</small> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">46.0 cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">25.0 cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">19 years </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3.15 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DD_IUCN_3_1.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="DD IUCN 3 1.svg"><img alt="DD IUCN 3 1.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/DD_IUCN_3_1.svg/32px-DD_IUCN_3_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/DD_IUCN_3_1.svg/48px-DD_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/DD_IUCN_3_1.svg/64px-DD_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="32" /></a></span> <small>Data deficient</small><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In addition, a number of related species, all in the Clupeidae, are commonly referred to as herrings. The table immediately below includes those members of the family Clupeidae referred to by <a href="/wiki/FishBase" title="FishBase">FishBase</a> as herrings which have been assessed by the <a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_Conservation_of_Nature" title="International Union for Conservation of Nature">International Union for Conservation of Nature</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable collapsible"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="12" style="width:450px;">Other herrings in the family Clupeidae </th></tr> <tr> <th>Group </th> <th>Common name </th> <th>Scientific name </th> <th>Maximum<br />length </th> <th>Common<br />length </th> <th>Maximum<br />weight </th> <th>Maximum<br />age </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Trophic_level" title="Trophic level">Trophic<br />level</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/FishBase" title="FishBase">Fish<br />Base</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/FAO" class="mw-redirect" title="FAO">FAO</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/ITIS" class="mw-redirect" title="ITIS">ITIS</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/IUCN" class="mw-redirect" title="IUCN">IUCN status</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Pellonulinae" title="Pellonulinae">Freshwater herrings</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Toothed_river_herring" title="Toothed river herring">Toothed river herring</a> </td> <td><i>Clupeoides papuensis</i> <small>(Ramsay & Ogilby, 1886)</small> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">kg </td> <td style="text-align:right;">years </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DD_IUCN_3_1.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="DD IUCN 3 1.svg"><img alt="DD IUCN 3 1.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/DD_IUCN_3_1.svg/32px-DD_IUCN_3_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/DD_IUCN_3_1.svg/48px-DD_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/DD_IUCN_3_1.svg/64px-DD_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="32" /></a></span> <small>Data deficient</small><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="8" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Dussumieriinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Dussumieriinae">Round herrings</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Day%27s_round_herring" title="Day's round herring">Day's round herring</a> </td> <td><i>Dayella malabarica</i> <small>(Day, 1873)</small> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">kg </td> <td style="text-align:right;">years </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LC_IUCN_3_1.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="LC IUCN 3 1.svg"><img alt="LC IUCN 3 1.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/32px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/48px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/64px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="32" /></a></span> <small>Least concern</small><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dwarf_round_herring" title="Dwarf round herring">Dwarf round herring</a> </td> <td><i>Jenkinsia lamprotaenia</i> <small>(Gosse, 1851)</small> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">kg </td> <td style="text-align:right;">years </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LC_IUCN_3_1.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="LC IUCN 3 1.svg"><img alt="LC IUCN 3 1.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/32px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/48px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/64px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="32" /></a></span> <small>Least concern</small><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Estuarine_Round-herring" class="mw-redirect" title="Estuarine Round-herring">Gilchrist's round herring</a> </td> <td><i>Gilchristella aestuaria</i> <small>(Gilchrist, 1913</small> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">kg </td> <td style="text-align:right;">years </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LC_IUCN_3_1.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="LC IUCN 3 1.svg"><img alt="LC IUCN 3 1.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/32px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/48px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/64px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="32" /></a></span> <small>Least concern</small><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Little-eye_round_herring&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Little-eye round herring (page does not exist)">Little-eye round herring</a> </td> <td><i>Jenkinsia majua</i> <small>Whitehead, 1963</small> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">kg </td> <td style="text-align:right;">years </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LC_IUCN_3_1.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="LC IUCN 3 1.svg"><img alt="LC IUCN 3 1.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/32px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/48px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/64px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="32" /></a></span> <small>Least concern</small><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Red-eye_round_herring" class="mw-redirect" title="Red-eye round herring">Red-eye round herring</a> </td> <td><i>Etrumeus sadina</i> <small>(Mitchill, 1814)</small> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">33 cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">25 cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">kg </td> <td style="text-align:right;">years </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LC_IUCN_3_1.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="LC IUCN 3 1.svg"><img alt="LC IUCN 3 1.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/32px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/48px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/64px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="32" /></a></span> <small>Least concern</small><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Two-finned_round_herring" title="Two-finned round herring">Two-finned round herring</a> </td> <td><i>Spratellomorpha bianalis</i> <small>(Bertin, 1940)</small> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4.5 cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">kg </td> <td style="text-align:right;">years </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3.11 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DD_IUCN_3_1.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="DD IUCN 3 1.svg"><img alt="DD IUCN 3 1.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/DD_IUCN_3_1.svg/32px-DD_IUCN_3_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/DD_IUCN_3_1.svg/48px-DD_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/DD_IUCN_3_1.svg/64px-DD_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="32" /></a></span> <small>Data deficient</small><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whitehead%27s_round_herring&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Whitehead's round herring (page does not exist)">Whitehead's round herring</a> </td> <td><i>Etrumeus whiteheadi</i> <small>(Wongratana, 1983)</small> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">20 cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">kg </td> <td style="text-align:right;">years </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3.4 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LC_IUCN_3_1.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="LC IUCN 3 1.svg"><img alt="LC IUCN 3 1.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/32px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/48px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/64px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="32" /></a></span> <small>Least concern</small><sup id="cite_ref-Munroe,_T.A._2020_e.T154968A15530233_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Munroe,_T.A._2020_e.T154968A15530233-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_herring" title="Venezuelan herring">Venezuelan herring</a> </td> <td><i>Jenkinsia parvula</i> <small>Cervigón and Velasquez, 1978</small> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">kg </td> <td style="text-align:right;">years </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:VU_IUCN_3_1.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="VU IUCN 3 1.svg"><img alt="VU IUCN 3 1.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/VU_IUCN_3_1.svg/32px-VU_IUCN_3_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/VU_IUCN_3_1.svg/48px-VU_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/VU_IUCN_3_1.svg/64px-VU_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="32" /></a></span> <small>Vulnerable</small><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Opisthonema" title="Opisthonema">Thread herrings</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galapagos_thread_herring&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galapagos thread herring (page does not exist)">Galapagos thread herring</a> </td> <td><i>Opisthonema berlangai</i> <small>(Günther, 1867)</small> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">26 cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">18 cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">kg </td> <td style="text-align:right;">years </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3.27 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:VU_IUCN_3_1.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="VU IUCN 3 1.svg"><img alt="VU IUCN 3 1.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/VU_IUCN_3_1.svg/32px-VU_IUCN_3_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/VU_IUCN_3_1.svg/48px-VU_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/VU_IUCN_3_1.svg/64px-VU_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="32" /></a></span> <small>Vulnerable</small><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Middling_thread_herring&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Middling thread herring (page does not exist)">Middling thread herring</a> </td> <td><i>Opisthonema medirastre</i> <small>Berry & Barrett, 1963</small> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">kg </td> <td style="text-align:right;">years </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LC_IUCN_3_1.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="LC IUCN 3 1.svg"><img alt="LC IUCN 3 1.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/32px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/48px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/64px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="32" /></a></span> <small>Least concern</small><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pacific_thread_herring" title="Pacific thread herring">Pacific thread herring</a> </td> <td><i>Opisthonema libertate</i> <small>(Günther, 1867)</small> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">30 cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">22 cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">kg </td> <td style="text-align:right;">years </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LC_IUCN_3_1.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="LC IUCN 3 1.svg"><img alt="LC IUCN 3 1.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/32px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/48px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/64px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="32" /></a></span> <small>Least concern</small><sup id="cite_ref-Munroe,_T.A._2020_e.T154968A15530233_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Munroe,_T.A._2020_e.T154968A15530233-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slender_thread_herring&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slender thread herring (page does not exist)">Slender thread herring</a> </td> <td><i>Opisthonema bulleri</i> <small>(Regan, 1904)</small> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">kg </td> <td style="text-align:right;">years </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LC_IUCN_3_1.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="LC IUCN 3 1.svg"><img alt="LC IUCN 3 1.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/32px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/48px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/64px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="32" /></a></span> <small>Least concern</small><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" rowspan="10">Other </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Araucanian_herring" title="Araucanian herring">Araucanian herring</a> </td> <td><i>Strangomera bentincki</i> <small>(Norman, 1936)</small> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">28.4 cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">kg </td> <td style="text-align:right;">years </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2.69 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LC_IUCN_3_1.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="LC IUCN 3 1.svg"><img alt="LC IUCN 3 1.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/32px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/48px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/64px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="32" /></a></span> <small>Least concern</small><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Blackstripe_herring" title="Blackstripe herring">Blackstripe herring</a> </td> <td><i>Lile nigrofasciata</i> <small>Castro-Aguirre Ruiz-Campos and Balart, 2002</small> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">kg </td> <td style="text-align:right;">years </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LC_IUCN_3_1.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="LC IUCN 3 1.svg"><img alt="LC IUCN 3 1.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/32px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/48px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/64px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="32" /></a></span> <small>Least concern</small><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Denticle_herring" title="Denticle herring">Denticle herring</a> </td> <td><i>Denticeps clupeoides</i> <small>Clausen, 1959</small> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">kg </td> <td style="text-align:right;">years </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:VU_IUCN_3_1.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="VU IUCN 3 1.svg"><img alt="VU IUCN 3 1.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/VU_IUCN_3_1.svg/32px-VU_IUCN_3_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/VU_IUCN_3_1.svg/48px-VU_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/VU_IUCN_3_1.svg/64px-VU_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="32" /></a></span> <small>Vulnerable</small><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dogtooth_herring" title="Dogtooth herring">Dogtooth herring</a> </td> <td><i>Chirocentrodon bleekerianus</i> <small>(Poey, 1867)</small> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">kg </td> <td style="text-align:right;">years </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LC_IUCN_3_1.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="LC IUCN 3 1.svg"><img alt="LC IUCN 3 1.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/32px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/48px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/64px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="32" /></a></span> <small>Least concern</small><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graceful_herring&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Graceful herring (page does not exist)">Graceful herring</a> </td> <td><i>Lile gracilis</i> <small>Castro-Aguirre and Vivero, 1990</small> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">kg </td> <td style="text-align:right;">years </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LC_IUCN_3_1.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="LC IUCN 3 1.svg"><img alt="LC IUCN 3 1.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/32px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/48px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/64px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="32" /></a></span> <small>Least concern</small><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Flatiron_herring&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pacific Flatiron herring (page does not exist)">Pacific Flatiron herring</a> </td> <td><i>Harengula thrissina</i> <small>(Jordan and Gilbert, 1882)</small> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">kg </td> <td style="text-align:right;">years </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LC_IUCN_3_1.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="LC IUCN 3 1.svg"><img alt="LC IUCN 3 1.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/32px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/48px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/64px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="32" /></a></span> <small>Least concern</small><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sanaga_pygmy_herring" title="Sanaga pygmy herring">Sanaga pygmy herring</a> </td> <td><i>Thrattidion noctivagus</i> <small>Roberts, 1972</small> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">kg </td> <td style="text-align:right;">years </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LC_IUCN_3_1.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="LC IUCN 3 1.svg"><img alt="LC IUCN 3 1.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/32px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/48px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/64px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="32" /></a></span> <small>Least concern</small><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Silver-stripe_round_herring" title="Silver-stripe round herring">Silver-stripe round herring</a> </td> <td><i>Spratelloides gracilis</i> <small>(Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)</small> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">10.5 cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">kg </td> <td style="text-align:right;">years </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3.0 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LC_IUCN_3_1.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="LC IUCN 3 1.svg"><img alt="LC IUCN 3 1.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/32px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/48px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/64px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="32" /></a></span> <small>Least concern</small><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Striped_herring&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Striped herring (page does not exist)">Striped herring</a> </td> <td><i>Lile stolifera</i> <small>(Jordan & Gilbert, 1882)</small> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">kg </td> <td style="text-align:right;">years </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LC_IUCN_3_1.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="LC IUCN 3 1.svg"><img alt="LC IUCN 3 1.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/32px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/48px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/64px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="32" /></a></span> <small>Least concern</small><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/West_African_pygmy_herring" title="West African pygmy herring">West African pygmy herring</a> </td> <td><i>Sierrathrissa leonensis</i> <small>Thys van den Audenaerde, 1969</small> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">kg </td> <td style="text-align:right;">years </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LC_IUCN_3_1.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="LC IUCN 3 1.svg"><img alt="LC IUCN 3 1.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/32px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/48px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/64px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="32" /></a></span> <small>Least concern</small><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Also, a number of other species are called herrings, which may be related to clupeids or just share some characteristics of herrings (such as the <a href="/wiki/Lake_herring" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake herring">lake herring</a>, which is a <a href="/wiki/Salmonid" class="mw-redirect" title="Salmonid">salmonid</a>). Just which of these species are called herrings can vary with locality, so what might be called a herring in one locality might be called something else in another locality. Some examples: </p> <table class="wikitable collapsible"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="12" style="width:450px;">Other fishes called herring </th></tr> <tr> <th> </th> <th>Common name </th> <th>Scientific name </th> <th>Maximum<br />length </th> <th>Common<br />length </th> <th>Maximum<br />weight </th> <th>Maximum<br />age </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Trophic_level" title="Trophic level">Trophic<br />level</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/FishBase" title="FishBase">Fish<br />Base</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/FAO" class="mw-redirect" title="FAO">FAO</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/ITIS" class="mw-redirect" title="ITIS">ITIS</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/IUCN" class="mw-redirect" title="IUCN">IUCN status</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" rowspan="7"><a href="/wiki/Pristigasteridae" title="Pristigasteridae">Longfin herring</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bigeyed_longfin_herring&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bigeyed longfin herring (page does not exist)">Bigeyed longfin herring</a> </td> <td><i>Opisthopterus macrops</i> <small>(Günther, 1867)</small> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">kg </td> <td style="text-align:right;">years </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LC_IUCN_3_1.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="LC IUCN 3 1.svg"><img alt="LC IUCN 3 1.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/32px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/48px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/64px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="32" /></a></span> <small>Least concern</small><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dove%27s_longfin_herring&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dove's longfin herring (page does not exist)">Dove's longfin herring</a> </td> <td><i>Opisthopterus dovii</i> <small>(Günther 1868)</small> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">kg </td> <td style="text-align:right;">years </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LC_IUCN_3_1.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="LC IUCN 3 1.svg"><img alt="LC IUCN 3 1.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/32px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/48px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/64px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="32" /></a></span> <small>Least concern</small><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hatchet_herring&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hatchet herring (page does not exist)">Hatchet herring</a> </td> <td><i>Ilisha fuerthii</i> <small>(Steindachner, 1875)</small> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">kg </td> <td style="text-align:right;">years </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LC_IUCN_3_1.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="LC IUCN 3 1.svg"><img alt="LC IUCN 3 1.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/32px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/48px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/64px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="32" /></a></span> <small>Least concern</small><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panama_longfin_herring&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panama longfin herring (page does not exist)">Panama longfin herring</a> </td> <td><i>Odontognathus panamensis</i> <small>(Steindachner, 1876)</small> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">kg </td> <td style="text-align:right;">years </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LC_IUCN_3_1.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="LC IUCN 3 1.svg"><img alt="LC IUCN 3 1.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/32px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/48px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/64px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="32" /></a></span> <small>Least concern</small><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tropical_longfin_herring&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tropical longfin herring (page does not exist)">Tropical longfin herring</a> </td> <td><i>Neoopisthopterus tropicus</i> <small>(Hildebrand 1946)</small> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">kg </td> <td style="text-align:right;">years </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LC_IUCN_3_1.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="LC IUCN 3 1.svg"><img alt="LC IUCN 3 1.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/32px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/48px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/64px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="32" /></a></span> <small>Least concern</small><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaqueira_longfin_herring&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vaqueira longfin herring (page does not exist)">Vaqueira longfin herring</a> </td> <td><i>Opisthopterus effulgens</i> <small>(Regan 1903)</small> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">kg </td> <td style="text-align:right;">years </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:VU_IUCN_3_1.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="VU IUCN 3 1.svg"><img alt="VU IUCN 3 1.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/VU_IUCN_3_1.svg/32px-VU_IUCN_3_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/VU_IUCN_3_1.svg/48px-VU_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/VU_IUCN_3_1.svg/64px-VU_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="32" /></a></span> <small>Vulnerable</small><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equatorial_longfin_herring&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Equatorial longfin herring (page does not exist)">Equatorial longfin herring</a> </td> <td><i>Opisthopterus equatorialis</i> <small>Hildebrand, 1946</small> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">kg </td> <td style="text-align:right;">years </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LC_IUCN_3_1.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="LC IUCN 3 1.svg"><img alt="LC IUCN 3 1.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/32px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/48px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/64px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="32" /></a></span> <small>Least concern</small><sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Chirocentridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Chirocentridae">Wolf herring</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dorab_wolf-herring" title="Dorab wolf-herring">Dorab wolf-herring</a> </td> <td><i>Chirocentrus dorab</i> <small>(Forsskål, 1775)</small> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">100 cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">60 cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">kg </td> <td style="text-align:right;">years </td> <td style="text-align:center;">4.50 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LC_IUCN_3_1.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="LC IUCN 3 1.svg"><img alt="LC IUCN 3 1.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/32px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/48px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/64px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="32" /></a></span> <small>Least concern</small><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Whitefin_wolf-herring" class="mw-redirect" title="Whitefin wolf-herring">Whitefin wolf-herring</a> </td> <td><i>Chirocentrus nudus</i> <small>Swainson, 1839</small> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">100 cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.41 kg </td> <td style="text-align:right;">years </td> <td style="text-align:center;">4.19 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LC_IUCN_3_1.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="LC IUCN 3 1.svg"><img alt="LC IUCN 3 1.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/32px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/48px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/64px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="32" /></a></span> <small>Least concern</small><sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Freshwater_whitefish" title="Freshwater whitefish">Freshwater whitefish</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lake_herring" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake herring">Lake herring</a> (cisco) </td> <td><i>Coregonus artedi</i> <small>Lesueur, 1818</small> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">cm </td> <td style="text-align:right;">kg </td> <td style="text-align:right;">years </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LC_IUCN_3_1.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="LC IUCN 3 1.svg"><img alt="LC IUCN 3 1.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/32px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/48px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LC_IUCN_3_1.svg/64px-LC_IUCN_3_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="32" /></a></span> <small>Least concern</small><sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herring&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The species of <i>Clupea</i> belong to the larger family Clupeidae (herrings, <a href="/wiki/Shad" class="mw-redirect" title="Shad">shads</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sardines" class="mw-redirect" title="Sardines">sardines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Menhaden" title="Menhaden">menhadens</a>), which comprises some 200 species that share similar features. These silvery-coloured fish have a single <a href="/wiki/Dorsal_fin" title="Dorsal fin">dorsal fin</a>, which is soft, without spines. They have no <a href="/wiki/Lateral_line" title="Lateral line">lateral line</a> and have a protruding lower jaw. Their size varies between subspecies: the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_herring" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltic herring">Baltic herring</a> (<i>Clupea harengus membras</i>) is small, 14 to 18 cm (about 5.5 to 7 inches); the proper Atlantic herring (<i>Clupea harengus harengus</i>) can grow to about 46 cm (18 in) and weigh up 700 g (1.5 lb); and <a href="/wiki/Pacific_herring" title="Pacific herring">Pacific herring</a> grow to about 38 cm (15 in). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_cycle">Life cycle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herring&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Life cycle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Herring_spawn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Herring_spawn.jpg/220px-Herring_spawn.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Herring_spawn.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="195" /></a><figcaption>Herring spawn</figcaption></figure> <p>At least one stock of Atlantic herring <a href="/wiki/Spawn_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spawn (biology)">spawns</a> in every month of the year. Each spawns at a different time and place (spring, summer, autumn, and winter herrings). <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a> populations spawn in 0–5 metres (0–16 feet) of water, while North Sea (bank) herrings spawn at down to 200 m (660 ft) in autumn. Eggs are laid on the sea bed, on rock, stones, gravel, sand or beds of <a href="/wiki/Algae" title="Algae">algae</a>. Females may deposit from 20,000 to 40,000 eggs, according to age and size, averaging about 30,000. In sexually mature herring, the genital organs grow before spawning, reaching about one-fifth of its total weight. </p><p>The eggs sink to the bottom, where they stick in layers or clumps to gravel, seaweed, or stones, by means of their mucous coating, or to any other objects on which they chance to settle. </p><p>If the egg layers are too thick they suffer from oxygen depletion and often die, entangled in a maze of <a href="/wiki/Mucus" title="Mucus">mucus</a>. They need substantial water microturbulence, generally provided by <a href="/wiki/Wave_action" class="mw-redirect" title="Wave action">wave action</a> or coastal <a href="/wiki/Ocean_currents" class="mw-redirect" title="Ocean currents">currents</a>. Survival is highest in crevices and behind solid structures, because predators feast on openly exposed eggs. The individual eggs are <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>1 to 1.4 mm (<span class="frac"><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">64</span></span> to <span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">16</span></span> in) in diameter, depending on the size of the parent fish and also on the local race. Incubation time is about 40 days at 3 °C (37 °F), 15 days at 7 °C (45 °F), or 11 days at 10 °C (50 °F). Eggs die at temperatures above 19 °C (66 °F). </p><p>The larvae are <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">5 to 6 mm (<span class="frac"><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">16</span></span> to <span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> in) long at hatching, with a small yolk sac that is absorbed by the time the larvae reach <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">10 mm (<span class="frac"><span class="num">13</span>⁄<span class="den">32</span></span> in). Only the eyes are well pigmented. The rest of the body is nearly transparent, virtually invisible under water and in natural lighting conditions. </p><p>The dorsal fin forms at <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">15 to 17 mm (<span class="frac"><span class="num">19</span>⁄<span class="den">32</span></span> to <span class="frac"><span class="num">21</span>⁄<span class="den">32</span></span> in), the anal fin at about <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">30 mm (<span class="frac">1<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">16</span></span> in)—the ventral fins are visible and the tail becomes well forked at 30 to <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">35 mm (<span class="frac">1<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> in)— at about <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">40 mm (<span class="frac">1<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">9</span>⁄<span class="den">16</span></span> in), the larva begins to look like a herring. </p><p>Herring larvae are very slender and can easily be distinguished from all other young fish of their range by the location of the vent, which lies close to the base of the tail; however, distinguishing <a href="/wiki/Clupeidae" title="Clupeidae">clupeoids</a> one from another in their early stages requires critical examination, especially telling herring from <a href="/wiki/Sprat" title="Sprat">sprats</a>. </p><p>At one year, they are about 10 cm (4 in) long, and they first spawn at three years. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:938px;max-width:938px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader" style="text-align:center">Egg to juvenile</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:227px;max-width:227px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Clupeaharenguskils2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Clupeaharenguskils2.jpg/225px-Clupeaharenguskils2.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Clupeaharenguskils2.jpg/338px-Clupeaharenguskils2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Clupeaharenguskils2.jpg/450px-Clupeaharenguskils2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="561" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Transparent eggs with the <a href="/wiki/Yolk" title="Yolk">yolk</a> and eyes visible and one larva hatched</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Clupealarvamatchkils.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Clupealarvamatchkils.jpg/220px-Clupealarvamatchkils.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Clupealarvamatchkils.jpg/330px-Clupealarvamatchkils.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Clupealarvamatchkils.jpg/440px-Clupealarvamatchkils.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1062" data-file-height="801" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Freshly hatched larva in a drop of water beside a match to demonstrate how tiny it is: The black eyes and the yolk are visible.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:212px;max-width:212px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Clupeaharenguslarvaeinsitukils.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Clupeaharenguslarvaeinsitukils.jpg/210px-Clupeaharenguslarvaeinsitukils.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Clupeaharenguslarvaeinsitukils.jpg/315px-Clupeaharenguslarvaeinsitukils.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Clupeaharenguslarvaeinsitukils.jpg/420px-Clupeaharenguslarvaeinsitukils.jpg 2x" data-file-width="883" data-file-height="697" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Young larva in typical oblique swimming position, with remaining yolk still attached: Another larva at the upper right is in the classical S-shape of the beginning phase of attacking a <a href="/wiki/Copepod" title="Copepod">copepod</a>.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:269px;max-width:269px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Herringjuvenilekils.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Herringjuvenilekils.jpg/267px-Herringjuvenilekils.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Herringjuvenilekils.jpg/401px-Herringjuvenilekils.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Herringjuvenilekils.jpg/534px-Herringjuvenilekils.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2339" data-file-height="1453" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Still transparent juvenile herring, about 38 mm long and 3 months old: Visible are the <a href="/wiki/Otolith" title="Otolith">otoliths</a>, the gut, the silvery <a href="/wiki/Swimbladder" class="mw-redirect" title="Swimbladder">swimbladder</a>, and the heart.</div></div></div></div></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecology">Ecology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herring&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ecology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prey">Prey</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herring&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Prey"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Hunting_copepods" class="mw-redirect" title="Hunting copepods">Hunting copepods</a></div> <p>Herrings consume <a href="/wiki/Copepod" title="Copepod">copepods</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arrow_worm" class="mw-redirect" title="Arrow worm">arrow worms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hyperiidae" title="Hyperiidae">pelagic amphipods</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mysid" class="mw-redirect" title="Mysid">mysids</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Krill" title="Krill">krill</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Pelagic_zone" title="Pelagic zone">pelagic zone</a>. Conversely, they are a central prey item or <a href="/wiki/Forage_fish" title="Forage fish">forage fish</a> for higher <a href="/wiki/Trophic_level" title="Trophic level">trophic levels</a>. The reasons for this success are still enigmatic; one speculation attributes their dominance to the huge, extremely fast cruising <a href="/wiki/Shoaling_and_schooling" title="Shoaling and schooling">schools</a> they inhabit. </p><p>Herring feed on <a href="/wiki/Phytoplankton" title="Phytoplankton">phytoplankton</a>, and as they mature, they start to consume larger organisms. They also feed on zooplankton, tiny animals found in <a href="/wiki/Ocean" title="Ocean">oceanic</a> <a href="/wiki/Photic_zone" title="Photic zone">surface waters</a>, and small fish and fish larvae. Copepods and other tiny crustaceans are the most common zooplankton eaten by herring. During daylight, herring stay in the safety of deep water, feeding at the surface only at night when the chance of being seen by predators is less. They swim along with their mouths open, filtering the plankton from the water as it passes through their gills. Young herring mostly hunt copepods individually, by means of "particulate feeding" or "raptorial feeding",<sup id="cite_ref-Kils1992_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kils1992-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a feeding method also used by adult herring on larger prey items like krill. If prey concentrations reach very high levels, as in microlayers, at fronts, or directly below the surface, herring become <a href="/wiki/Filter_feeder" title="Filter feeder">filter feeders</a>, driving several meters forward with wide open mouth and far expanded <a href="/wiki/Operculum_(fish)" title="Operculum (fish)">opercula</a>, then closing and cleaning the <a href="/wiki/Gill_raker" title="Gill raker">gill rakers</a> for a few milliseconds. </p><p>Copepods, the primary zooplankton, are a major item on the forage fish menu. Copepods are typically <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">1–2 mm (<span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">32</span></span>–<span class="frac"><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">32</span></span> in) long, with a teardrop-shaped body. Some scientists say they form the largest animal <a href="/wiki/Biomass" title="Biomass">biomass</a> on the planet.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Copepods are very alert and evasive. They have large <a href="/wiki/Antenna_(biology)" title="Antenna (biology)">antennae</a> (see photo below left). When they spread their antennae, they can sense the pressure wave from an approaching fish and jump with great speed over a few centimetres. If copepod concentrations reach high levels, schooling herrings adopt a method called <a href="/wiki/Ram_feeding" class="mw-redirect" title="Ram feeding">ram feeding</a>. In the photo below, herring ram feed on a school of copepods. They swim with their mouths wide open and their operculae fully expanded. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:735px;max-width:735px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader" style="text-align:center">Hunting copepods</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:217px;max-width:217px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Copepodkils.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Copepodkils.jpg/215px-Copepodkils.jpg" decoding="async" width="215" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Copepodkils.jpg/323px-Copepodkils.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Copepodkils.jpg/430px-Copepodkils.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">This copepod has its antennae spread. The antennae detect the pressure wave of an approaching fish.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:255px;max-width:255px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Herringramkils.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Herringramkils.jpg/253px-Herringramkils.jpg" decoding="async" width="253" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Herringramkils.jpg/380px-Herringramkils.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Herringramkils.jpg/506px-Herringramkils.jpg 2x" data-file-width="793" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">School of herrings <a href="/wiki/Ram_feed" class="mw-redirect" title="Ram feed">ram feeding</a> on a school of <a href="/wiki/Copepod" title="Copepod">copepods</a> with <a href="/wiki/Operculum_(fish)" title="Operculum (fish)">opercula</a> and mouth expanded: The fish swim in a grid with a distance of the jump length of their prey, as indicated by the animation at the right.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:257px;max-width:257px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Synchropredation.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Synchropredation.gif/255px-Synchropredation.gif" decoding="async" width="255" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Synchropredation.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Animation showing how herrings hunt in a synchronised way to capture an alert and evasive copepod</div></div></div></div></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <p>The fish swim in a grid where the distance between them is the same as the jump length of their prey, as indicated in the animation above right. In the animation, juvenile herring hunt the copepods in this synchronised way. The copepods sense with their antennae the pressure wave of an approaching herring and react with a fast escape jump. The length of the jump is fairly constant. The fish align themselves in a grid with this characteristic jump length. A copepod can dart about 80 times before it tires. After a jump, it takes it 60 milliseconds to spread its antennae again, and this time delay becomes its undoing, as the almost endless stream of herring allows a herring to eventually snap up the copepod. A single juvenile herring could never catch a large copepod.<sup id="cite_ref-Kils1992_117-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kils1992-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other pelagic prey eaten by herring includes fish eggs, larval <a href="/wiki/Snail" title="Snail">snails</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diatom" title="Diatom">diatoms</a> by herring larvae below <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">20 mm (<span class="frac"><span class="num">13</span>⁄<span class="den">16</span></span> in), <a href="/wiki/Tintinnid" title="Tintinnid">tintinnids</a> by larvae below <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">45 mm (<span class="frac">1<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> in), <a href="/wiki/Mollusc" class="mw-redirect" title="Mollusc">molluscan</a> larvae, <a href="/wiki/Menhaden" title="Menhaden">menhaden</a> larvae, <a href="/wiki/Krill" title="Krill">krill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mysid" class="mw-redirect" title="Mysid">mysids</a>, smaller fishes, <a href="/wiki/Pteropod" class="mw-redirect" title="Pteropod">pteropods</a>, <a href="/wiki/Annelid" title="Annelid">annelids</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Calanus" title="Calanus">Calanus</a></i> spp., <a href="/wiki/Centropagidae" title="Centropagidae">Centropagidae</a>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Meganyctiphanes_norvegica" class="mw-redirect" title="Meganyctiphanes norvegica">Meganyctiphanes norvegica</a></i>. </p><p>Herrings, along with <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_cod" title="Atlantic cod">Atlantic cod</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sprattus_sprattus" class="mw-redirect" title="Sprattus sprattus">sprat</a>, are the most important commercial species to humans in the Baltic Sea.<sup id="cite_ref-Koster2001_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Koster2001-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The analysis of the stomach contents of these fish indicate Atlantic cod is the top predator, preying on the herring and sprat.<sup id="cite_ref-Koster2001_119-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Koster2001-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sprat are competitive with herring for the same food resources. This is evident in the two species' <a href="/wiki/Vertical_migration" class="mw-redirect" title="Vertical migration">vertical migration</a> in the Baltic Sea, where they compete for the limited zooplankton available and necessary for their survival.<sup id="cite_ref-Casini2004_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Casini2004-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sprat are highly selective in their diet and eat only zooplankton, while herring are more eclectic, adjusting their diet as they grow in size.<sup id="cite_ref-Casini2004_121-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Casini2004-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Baltic, copepods of the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Acartia" title="Acartia">Acartia</a></i> can be present in large numbers. However, they are small in size with a high escape response, so herring and sprat avoid trying to catch them. These copepods also tend to dwell more in surface waters, whereas herring and sprat, especially during the day, tend to dwell in deeper waters.<sup id="cite_ref-Casini2004_121-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Casini2004-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Predators">Predators</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herring&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Predators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Predator_avoidance_in_schooling_fish" class="mw-redirect" title="Predator avoidance in schooling fish">Predator avoidance in schooling fish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bait_ball" title="Bait ball">Bait ball</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Go%C3%A9land_argent%C3%A9_-_Julien_Salmon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Go%C3%A9land_argent%C3%A9_-_Julien_Salmon.jpg/220px-Go%C3%A9land_argent%C3%A9_-_Julien_Salmon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Go%C3%A9land_argent%C3%A9_-_Julien_Salmon.jpg/330px-Go%C3%A9land_argent%C3%A9_-_Julien_Salmon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Go%C3%A9land_argent%C3%A9_-_Julien_Salmon.jpg/440px-Go%C3%A9land_argent%C3%A9_-_Julien_Salmon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2584" data-file-height="1690" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Seabirds, like this <a href="/wiki/European_herring_gull" title="European herring gull">European herring gull</a>, attack herring schools from above.</div></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Humpback_whale_lunging_through_a_herring_school.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Humpback_whale_lunging_through_a_herring_school.jpg/220px-Humpback_whale_lunging_through_a_herring_school.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/Humpback_whale_lunging_through_a_herring_school.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="187" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Humpback whales attack herring schools by <a href="/wiki/Lunge_feeding" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunge feeding">lunging</a> from below.</div></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Predator" class="mw-redirect" title="Predator">Predators</a> of herring include <a href="/wiki/Seabirds" class="mw-redirect" title="Seabirds">seabirds</a>, marine mammals such as <a href="/wiki/Dolphins" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolphins">dolphins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Porpoises" class="mw-redirect" title="Porpoises">porpoises</a>, <a href="/wiki/Whales" class="mw-redirect" title="Whales">whales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Earless_seal" title="Earless seal">seals</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sea_lion" title="Sea lion">sea lions</a>, predatory fish such as <a href="/wiki/Sharks" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharks">sharks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Billfish" title="Billfish">billfish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuna" title="Tuna">tuna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salmon" title="Salmon">salmon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Striped_bass" title="Striped bass">striped bass</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cod" title="Cod">cod</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Halibut" title="Halibut">halibut</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fishermen" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishermen">Fishermen</a> also catch and eat herring. </p><p>The predators often cooperate in groups, using different techniques to panic or herd a school of herring into a tight <a href="/wiki/Bait_ball" title="Bait ball">bait ball</a>. Different predatory species then use different techniques to pick the fish off in the bait ball. The <a href="/wiki/Sailfish" title="Sailfish">sailfish</a> raises its sail to make it appear much larger. <a href="/wiki/Swordfish" title="Swordfish">Swordfish</a> charge at high speed through the bait balls, slashing with their swords to kill or stun prey. They then turn and return to consume their "catch". <a href="/wiki/Thresher_shark" title="Thresher shark">Thresher sharks</a> use their long tails to stun the shoaling fish. These sharks compact their prey school by swimming around them and splashing the water with their tails, often in pairs or small groups. They then strike them sharply with the upper lobe of their tails to stun them.<sup id="cite_ref-seitz_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seitz-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Spinner_shark" title="Spinner shark">Spinner sharks</a> charge vertically through the school, spinning on their axes with their mouths open and snapping all around. The sharks' momentum at the end of these spiraling runs often carries them into the air.<sup id="cite_ref-compagno_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-compagno-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-marinebio_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marinebio-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some whales <a href="/wiki/Lunge_feed" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunge feed">lunge feed</a> on bait balls.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lunge feeding is an extreme feeding method, where the whale accelerates from below the bait ball to a high velocity and then opens its mouth to a large gape angle. This generates the water pressure required to expand its mouth and engulf and filter a huge amount of water and fish. Lunge feeding by <a href="/wiki/Rorqual" title="Rorqual">rorquals</a>, a family of huge baleen whales that includes the <a href="/wiki/Blue_whale" title="Blue whale">blue whale</a>, is said to be the largest <a href="/wiki/Biomechanics" title="Biomechanics">biomechanical</a> event on Earth.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <tbody><tr> <th>      More images                                 </th></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:448px;max-width:448px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:182px;max-width:182px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Istiophorus_platypterus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Istiophorus_platypterus.jpg/180px-Istiophorus_platypterus.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Istiophorus_platypterus.jpg/270px-Istiophorus_platypterus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Istiophorus_platypterus.jpg/360px-Istiophorus_platypterus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="537" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Sailfish herd herring schools with their sails</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:262px;max-width:262px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Xiphias_gladius1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Xiphias_gladius1.jpg/260px-Xiphias_gladius1.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Xiphias_gladius1.jpg/390px-Xiphias_gladius1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Xiphias_gladius1.jpg/520px-Xiphias_gladius1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="259" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Swordfish slash at herrings with their swords</div></div></div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:448px;max-width:448px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:182px;max-width:182px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Thresher_shark.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Thresher_shark.jpg/180px-Thresher_shark.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Thresher_shark.jpg/270px-Thresher_shark.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Thresher_shark.jpg/360px-Thresher_shark.jpg 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="237" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Thresher shark strike them with their tails</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:262px;max-width:262px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carcharhinus_brevipinna.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Carcharhinus_brevipinna.jpg/260px-Carcharhinus_brevipinna.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Carcharhinus_brevipinna.jpg/390px-Carcharhinus_brevipinna.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Carcharhinus_brevipinna.jpg/520px-Carcharhinus_brevipinna.jpg 2x" data-file-width="577" data-file-height="168" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Spinner shark spin on their axis, snapping herrings as they go</div></div></div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:164px;max-width:164px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:162px;max-width:162px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dolphin.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Dolphin.svg/160px-Dolphin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Dolphin.svg/240px-Dolphin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Dolphin.svg/320px-Dolphin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Dolphins can hunt herring in groups</div></div></div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width: 300px; clear: center; float:none;margin:auto"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vJvfjiCTvq4">Humpback Whale: Hunting Technique</a> – <i>YouTube</i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=quwebVjAEJA">Bait Ball Feast</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/Nature%27s_Great_Events" title="Nature's Great Events">Nature's Great Events</a></i></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fisheries">Fisheries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herring&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Fisheries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Global_capture_of_all_herring.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Global_capture_of_all_herring.png/220px-Global_capture_of_all_herring.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Global_capture_of_all_herring.png/330px-Global_capture_of_all_herring.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Global_capture_of_all_herring.png/440px-Global_capture_of_all_herring.png 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="556" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">↑  All herrings 2010<sup id="cite_ref-FAOdata_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAOdata-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Green = <i>Clupea</i> herrings</div></div></div></div></div> <p>Adult herring are harvested for their flesh and eggs, and they are often used as <a href="/wiki/Bait_fish" title="Bait fish">baitfish</a>. The trade in herring is an important sector of many economies around the world. In Europe, the fish has been called the "silver of the sea", and its trade has been so significant to many countries that it has been regarded as the most commercially important fishery in history.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Purse_seining_for_herring,_southeast_Alaska,_nd_(COBB_212).jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Purse_seining_for_herring%2C_southeast_Alaska%2C_nd_%28COBB_212%29.jpeg/220px-Purse_seining_for_herring%2C_southeast_Alaska%2C_nd_%28COBB_212%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Purse_seining_for_herring%2C_southeast_Alaska%2C_nd_%28COBB_212%29.jpeg/330px-Purse_seining_for_herring%2C_southeast_Alaska%2C_nd_%28COBB_212%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Purse_seining_for_herring%2C_southeast_Alaska%2C_nd_%28COBB_212%29.jpeg/440px-Purse_seining_for_herring%2C_southeast_Alaska%2C_nd_%28COBB_212%29.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="443" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Purse_seining" class="mw-redirect" title="Purse seining">Purse seining</a> for herring in southeast Alaska</figcaption></figure> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <tbody><tr> <th>      Detailed time series                                 </th></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:604px;max-width:604px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader" style="text-align:">Global capture of herrings in tonnes reported by the <a href="/wiki/FAO" class="mw-redirect" title="FAO">FAO</a></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:602px;max-width:602px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Global_capture_of_true_herring.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Global_capture_of_true_herring.png/600px-Global_capture_of_true_herring.png" decoding="async" width="600" height="315" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Global_capture_of_true_herring.png/900px-Global_capture_of_true_herring.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Global_capture_of_true_herring.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="621" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">↑  <i>Clupea</i> herrings, 1950–2010<sup id="cite_ref-FAOdata_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAOdata-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:602px;max-width:602px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Global_capture_of_non-true_herring.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Global_capture_of_non-true_herring.png/600px-Global_capture_of_non-true_herring.png" decoding="async" width="600" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Global_capture_of_non-true_herring.png/900px-Global_capture_of_non-true_herring.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Global_capture_of_non-true_herring.png 2x" data-file-width="1164" data-file-height="576" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">↑  Other herrings, 1950–2010<sup id="cite_ref-FAOdata_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAOdata-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="As_food">As food</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herring&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: As food"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kipper.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Kipper.JPG/220px-Kipper.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Kipper.JPG/330px-Kipper.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Kipper.JPG/440px-Kipper.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1470" data-file-height="590" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Kipper" title="Kipper">kipper</a> or split smoked herring</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Herring_as_food" title="Herring as food">Herring as food</a></div> <p>Herring has been a <a href="/wiki/Staple_food" title="Staple food">staple food</a> source since at least 3000 BC. The fish is served numerous ways, and many regional recipes are used: eaten raw, fermented, <a href="/wiki/Pickling" title="Pickling">pickled</a>, or cured by other techniques, such as being smoked as <a href="/wiki/Kipper" title="Kipper">kippers</a>. </p><p>Herring are very high in the long-chain <a href="/wiki/Omega-3_fatty_acid" title="Omega-3 fatty acid">omega-3 fatty acids</a> <a href="/wiki/Eicosapentaenoic_acid" title="Eicosapentaenoic acid">EPA</a> and <a href="/wiki/Docosahexaenoic_acid" title="Docosahexaenoic acid">DHA</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are a source of <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_D" title="Vitamin D">vitamin D</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Water_pollution" title="Water pollution">Water pollution</a> influences the amount of herring that may be safely consumed. For example, large Baltic herring slightly exceeds recommended limits with respect to <a href="/wiki/Polychlorinated_biphenyl" title="Polychlorinated biphenyl">PCB</a> and <a href="/wiki/Polychlorinated_dibenzodioxins" title="Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins">dioxin</a>, although some sources point out that the cancer-reducing effect of omega-3 fatty acids is statistically stronger than the <a href="/wiki/Carcinogen" title="Carcinogen">carcinogenic</a> effect of PCBs and dioxins.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The contaminant levels depend on the age of the fish which can be inferred from their size. Baltic herrings larger than 17 cm (6.7 in) may be eaten twice a month, while herrings smaller than 17 cm can be eaten freely.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mercury_in_fish" title="Mercury in fish">Mercury in fish</a> also influences the amount of fish that women who are pregnant or planning to be pregnant within the next one or two years may safely eat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herring&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The herring has played a highly significant role in history both socially and economically. During the Middle Ages, herring prompted the founding of <a href="/wiki/Great_Yarmouth" title="Great Yarmouth">Great Yarmouth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a> and played a critical role in the medieval development of <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1274, while on his deathbed at the monastery of <a href="/wiki/Fossanova_Abbey" title="Fossanova Abbey">Fossanova</a> (south of Rome, Italy), when encouraged to eat something to regain his strength, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a> asked for fresh herring.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:300px;">Historical images </th></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:668px;max-width:668px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader" style="text-align:center">Paintings</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:217px;max-width:217px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flegel_-_Stilleben_mit_Hering_und_Bartmannskrug.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flegel_-_Stilleben_mit_Hering_und_Bartmannskrug.jpg/215px-Flegel_-_Stilleben_mit_Hering_und_Bartmannskrug.jpg" decoding="async" width="215" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flegel_-_Stilleben_mit_Hering_und_Bartmannskrug.jpg/323px-Flegel_-_Stilleben_mit_Hering_und_Bartmannskrug.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flegel_-_Stilleben_mit_Hering_und_Bartmannskrug.jpg/430px-Flegel_-_Stilleben_mit_Hering_und_Bartmannskrug.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1459" data-file-height="1137" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Still life with herring and stoneware jug, <a href="/wiki/Georg_Flegel" title="Georg Flegel">Georg Flegel</a>, c. 1600</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:232px;max-width:232px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pieter_Claesz_003.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Pieter_Claesz_003.jpg/230px-Pieter_Claesz_003.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Pieter_Claesz_003.jpg/345px-Pieter_Claesz_003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Pieter_Claesz_003.jpg/460px-Pieter_Claesz_003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1052" data-file-height="766" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Still life with a glass of beer and smoked herring on a plate, <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Claesz" title="Pieter Claesz">Pieter Claesz</a> 1636</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:213px;max-width:213px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Van_Gogh_-_Stillleben_mit_B%C3%BCcklingen_auf_gelbem_Papier.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Van_Gogh_-_Stillleben_mit_B%C3%BCcklingen_auf_gelbem_Papier.jpeg/211px-Van_Gogh_-_Stillleben_mit_B%C3%BCcklingen_auf_gelbem_Papier.jpeg" decoding="async" width="211" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Van_Gogh_-_Stillleben_mit_B%C3%BCcklingen_auf_gelbem_Papier.jpeg/317px-Van_Gogh_-_Stillleben_mit_B%C3%BCcklingen_auf_gelbem_Papier.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Van_Gogh_-_Stillleben_mit_B%C3%BCcklingen_auf_gelbem_Papier.jpeg/422px-Van_Gogh_-_Stillleben_mit_B%C3%BCcklingen_auf_gelbem_Papier.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2514" data-file-height="2004" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Still Life with smoked herrings on yellow paper, <a href="/wiki/Van_Gogh" class="mw-redirect" title="Van Gogh">Van Gogh</a> 1889</div></div></div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:847px;max-width:847px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader" style="text-align:center">Herring boats</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:186px;max-width:186px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Groenewegen.D3.Buis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Groenewegen.D3.Buis.jpg/184px-Groenewegen.D3.Buis.jpg" decoding="async" width="184" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Groenewegen.D3.Buis.jpg/276px-Groenewegen.D3.Buis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Groenewegen.D3.Buis.jpg/368px-Groenewegen.D3.Buis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1025" data-file-height="895" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">The <a href="/wiki/Herring_buss" title="Herring buss">herring buss</a> 1789</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:203px;max-width:203px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rigging2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Rigging2.png/201px-Rigging2.png" decoding="async" width="201" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Rigging2.png/302px-Rigging2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Rigging2.png 2x" data-file-width="401" data-file-height="313" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Norse herring boat</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:212px;max-width:212px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Reaper,_Port_Seton_-_geograph.org.uk_-_830833.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Reaper%2C_Port_Seton_-_geograph.org.uk_-_830833.jpg/210px-Reaper%2C_Port_Seton_-_geograph.org.uk_-_830833.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Reaper%2C_Port_Seton_-_geograph.org.uk_-_830833.jpg/315px-Reaper%2C_Port_Seton_-_geograph.org.uk_-_830833.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Reaper%2C_Port_Seton_-_geograph.org.uk_-_830833.jpg/420px-Reaper%2C_Port_Seton_-_geograph.org.uk_-_830833.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Reaper_(sailing_vessel)" title="Reaper (sailing vessel)"><i>Reaper</i></a>, typical of the herring boats that used to operate in Scotland during the early twentieth century</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:238px;max-width:238px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Steam_Drifter_Lydia_Eva.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Steam_Drifter_Lydia_Eva.jpg/236px-Steam_Drifter_Lydia_Eva.jpg" decoding="async" width="236" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Steam_Drifter_Lydia_Eva.jpg/354px-Steam_Drifter_Lydia_Eva.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Steam_Drifter_Lydia_Eva.jpg/472px-Steam_Drifter_Lydia_Eva.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="425" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">The last surviving steam <a href="/wiki/Drifter_(fishing_boat)" title="Drifter (fishing boat)">drifter</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Yarmouth" title="Great Yarmouth">Great Yarmouth</a> herring fleet, Norfolk. Drifters were designed to catch herrings in a long <a href="/wiki/Drift_net" class="mw-redirect" title="Drift net">drift net</a>.</div></div></div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:877px;max-width:877px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader" style="text-align:">General history</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:114px;max-width:114px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Herring_monger.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Herring_monger.jpg/112px-Herring_monger.jpg" decoding="async" width="112" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Herring_monger.jpg/168px-Herring_monger.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Herring_monger.jpg/224px-Herring_monger.jpg 2x" data-file-width="394" data-file-height="584" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Fish_wife" class="mw-redirect" title="Fish wife">Herring monger</a>, c. 1500</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:267px;max-width:267px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Olausmagnus_scaniamarket.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Olausmagnus_scaniamarket.jpg/265px-Olausmagnus_scaniamarket.jpg" decoding="async" width="265" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Olausmagnus_scaniamarket.jpg/398px-Olausmagnus_scaniamarket.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Olausmagnus_scaniamarket.jpg 2x" data-file-width="501" data-file-height="315" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Medieval herring fishing in <a href="/wiki/Scania_Market" class="mw-redirect" title="Scania Market">Scania</a>, 1555</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:259px;max-width:259px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Haringpakkerij_(Nu_Prins_Hendrikkade)_-_Amsterdam.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Haringpakkerij_%28Nu_Prins_Hendrikkade%29_-_Amsterdam.PNG/257px-Haringpakkerij_%28Nu_Prins_Hendrikkade%29_-_Amsterdam.PNG" decoding="async" width="257" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Haringpakkerij_%28Nu_Prins_Hendrikkade%29_-_Amsterdam.PNG/386px-Haringpakkerij_%28Nu_Prins_Hendrikkade%29_-_Amsterdam.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Haringpakkerij_%28Nu_Prins_Hendrikkade%29_-_Amsterdam.PNG/514px-Haringpakkerij_%28Nu_Prins_Hendrikkade%29_-_Amsterdam.PNG 2x" data-file-width="692" data-file-height="448" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">17th century herring factory in Amsterdam</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:229px;max-width:229px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Processing_river_herrings.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Processing_river_herrings.jpg/227px-Processing_river_herrings.jpg" decoding="async" width="227" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Processing_river_herrings.jpg/341px-Processing_river_herrings.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Processing_river_herrings.jpg/454px-Processing_river_herrings.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="364" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Processing river herrings<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:879px;max-width:879px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:230px;max-width:230px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Konvoi_Haringvloot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Konvoi_Haringvloot.jpg/228px-Konvoi_Haringvloot.jpg" decoding="async" width="228" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Konvoi_Haringvloot.jpg/342px-Konvoi_Haringvloot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Konvoi_Haringvloot.jpg/456px-Konvoi_Haringvloot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1948" data-file-height="1391" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">The Dutch herring fleet, c. 1700</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:215px;max-width:215px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Walraversijde40.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Walraversijde40.jpg/213px-Walraversijde40.jpg" decoding="async" width="213" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Walraversijde40.jpg/320px-Walraversijde40.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Walraversijde40.jpg/426px-Walraversijde40.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Barrels for storing salted herring, c. 1465 at the archaeological site of <a href="/wiki/Walraversijde" title="Walraversijde">Walraversijde</a>, Belgium</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:215px;max-width:215px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nishin-Goten1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Nishin-Goten1.jpg/213px-Nishin-Goten1.jpg" decoding="async" width="213" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Nishin-Goten1.jpg/320px-Nishin-Goten1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Nishin-Goten1.jpg/426px-Nishin-Goten1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Japanese Pacific herring fisherman's house in the historic village of Hokkaidō, <a href="/wiki/Sapporo" title="Sapporo">Sapporo</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:211px;max-width:211px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Making_herring_oil.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Making_herring_oil.jpg/209px-Making_herring_oil.jpg" decoding="async" width="209" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Making_herring_oil.jpg/314px-Making_herring_oil.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Making_herring_oil.jpg/418px-Making_herring_oil.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Press for extracting oil from herrings in the historic village</div></div></div></div></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Crown,_Everleigh,_Wiltshire.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/The_Crown%2C_Everleigh%2C_Wiltshire.jpg/320px-The_Crown%2C_Everleigh%2C_Wiltshire.jpg" decoding="async" width="320" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/The_Crown%2C_Everleigh%2C_Wiltshire.jpg/480px-The_Crown%2C_Everleigh%2C_Wiltshire.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/The_Crown%2C_Everleigh%2C_Wiltshire.jpg/640px-The_Crown%2C_Everleigh%2C_Wiltshire.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3238" data-file-height="2158" /></a><figcaption>"Last Tuesday se'nnight three men met at the Crown Inn, <a href="/wiki/Everleigh,_Wiltshire" title="Everleigh, Wiltshire">Everley</a>, and for a trifling wager, ate 6o red herrings, with three half-gallon loaves, and drank six gallons of beer"<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – 1792</figcaption></figure> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herring&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herringbone_pattern" title="Herringbone pattern">Herringbone pattern</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herring&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herring&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FAOdata-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FAOdata_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FAOdata_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FAOdata_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FAOdata_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Based on data sourced from the relevant <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/search/en">FAO Species Fact Sheets</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090508190513/http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/search/en">Archived</a> 2009-05-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cushing, David H (1975) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TgU4AAAAIAAJ&q=%22Marine+ecology+and+fisheries%22"><i>Marine ecology and fisheries</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160529094324/https://books.google.com/books?id=TgU4AAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22Marine+ecology+and+fisheries%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=BLeTT77ULOTSmAWBtoj0AQ&ved=0CDgQ6AEwAA">Archived</a> 2016-05-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Cambridge University Press. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-09911-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-09911-0">978-0-521-09911-0</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Went, AEJ (1972) "The History of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea". <i>Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh</i>. Section B. Biology, <b>73</b>: 351–360.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0080455X0000240X">10.1017/S0080455X0000240X</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PaulyDarwin-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PaulyDarwin_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PaulyDarwin_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pauly, Daniel (2004) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lTDa0fM4vQIC&dq=pauly+%22darwin%27s+fishes%22+herring&pg=PA109"><i>Darwin's Fishes: An Encyclopedia of Ichthyology, Ecology, and Evolution</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160529124808/https://books.google.com/books?id=lTDa0fM4vQIC&pg=PA109&dq=pauly+%22darwin%27s+fishes%22+herring&hl=en&sa=X&ei=RbOTT_2jF8TxmAXj5tDSAQ&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAA">Archived</a> 2016-05-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Page 109, Cambridge University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-82777-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-82777-5">978-0-521-82777-5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.food.gov.uk/news/newsarchive/2004/jun/oilyfishdefinition">"What's an oily fish?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Food_Standards_Agency" title="Food Standards Agency">Food Standards Agency</a>. 2004-06-24. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20101210005807/http://www.food.gov.uk/news/newsarchive/2004/jun/oilyfishdefinition">Archived</a> from the original on 2010-12-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=What%27s+an+oily+fish%3F&rft.date=2004-06-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.food.gov.uk%2Fnews%2Fnewsarchive%2F2004%2Fjun%2Foilyfishdefinition&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerring" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2014/nov/12/herring-sustainable-fisheries-danish-uk-sushi-restaurants">"Here be herrings: the return of the silver darlings"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. 2014-11-12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Here+be+herrings%3A+the+return+of+the+silver+darlings&rft.date=2014-11-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Flifeandstyle%2F2014%2Fnov%2F12%2Fherring-sustainable-fisheries-danish-uk-sushi-restaurants&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerring" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=herring">Herring</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150512061237/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=herring">Archived</a> 2015-05-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Online Etymology Dictionary</i>, Retrieved 10 April 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFroesePauly" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Froese" title="Rainer Froese">Froese, Rainer</a>; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?genusname=Clupea&speciesname=harengus">"<i>Clupea harengus</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/FishBase" title="FishBase">FishBase</a></i>. April 2012 version.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FishBase&rft.atitle=Clupea+harengus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fishbase.org%2Fsummary%2FSpeciesSummary.php%3Fgenusname%3DClupea%26speciesname%3Dharengus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerring" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2886/en"><i>Clupea harengus</i> (Linnaeus, 1758) </a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120104231714/http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2886/en">Archived</a> 2012-01-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> FAO, Species Fact Sheet. Retrieved April 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=161722">"Clupea harengus"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">Integrated Taxonomic Information System</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Clupea+harengus&rft.pub=Integrated+Taxonomic+Information+System&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.itis.gov%2Fservlet%2FSingleRpt%2FSingleRpt%3Fsearch_topic%3DTSN%26search_value%3D161722&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerring" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IUCNgladius-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IUCNgladius_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerdson,_D.Priede,_I.G.2010" class="citation journal cs1">Herdson, D.; Priede, I.G. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/155123/4717767">"<i>Clupea harengus</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a></i>. <b>2010</b>: e.T155123A4717767. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T155123A4717767.en">10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T155123A4717767.en</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IUCN+Red+List+of+Threatened+Species&rft.atitle=Clupea+harengus&rft.volume=2010&rft.pages=e.T155123A4717767&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T155123A4717767.en&rft.au=Herdson%2C+D.&rft.au=Priede%2C+I.G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fspecies%2F155123%2F4717767&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerring" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2078/en"><i>Clupea pallasii</i> (Valenciennes, 1847) </a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111206063253/http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2078/en">Archived</a> 2011-12-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> FAO, Species Fact Sheet. Retrieved April 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=551209">"Clupea pallasii"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">Integrated Taxonomic Information System</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Clupea+pallasii&rft.pub=Integrated+Taxonomic+Information+System&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.itis.gov%2Fservlet%2FSingleRpt%2FSingleRpt%3Fsearch_topic%3DTSN%26search_value%3D551209&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerring" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGustafson,_R.Sandell,_T.Cleary,_J.2019" class="citation journal cs1">Gustafson, R.; Sandell, T.; Cleary, J. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IUCN+Red+List+of+Threatened+Species&rft.atitle=Jenkinsia+majua&rft.volume=2020&rft.pages=e.T155253A46930957&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T155253A46930957.en&rft.au=Di+Dario%2C+F.&rft.au=Munroe%2C+T.A.&rft.au=Grijalba+Bendeck%2C+L.&rft.au=Aiken%2C+K.A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fspecies%2F155253%2F46930957&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerring" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFroesePauly" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Froese" title="Rainer Froese">Froese, Rainer</a>; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?genusname=Etrumeus&speciesname=sadina">"<i>Etrumeus sadina</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/FishBase" title="FishBase">FishBase</a></i>. March 2024 version.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FishBase&rft.atitle=Etrumeus+sadina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fishbase.org%2Fsummary%2FSpeciesSummary.php%3Fgenusname%3DEtrumeus%26speciesname%3Dsadina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerring" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fao.org/fishery/en/aqspecies/2902/en"><i>Etrumeus teres</i> (De Kay, 1842)</a> FAO, Species Fact Sheet. Retrieved 25 March 2024.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=161744">"<i>Etrumeus sadina</i>"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">Integrated Taxonomic Information System</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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April 2012 version.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FishBase&rft.atitle=Spratellomorpha+bianalis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fishbase.org%2Fsummary%2FSpeciesSummary.php%3Fgenusname%3DSpratellomorpha%26speciesname%3Dbianalis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerring" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=551273">"Spratellomorpha bianalis"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">Integrated Taxonomic Information System</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IUCN+Red+List+of+Threatened+Species&rft.atitle=Spratellomorpha+bianalis&rft.volume=2016&rft.pages=e.T44664A96229991&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T44664A96229991.en&rft.au=Sparks%2C+J.S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fspecies%2F44664%2F96229991&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerring" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFroesePauly" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Froese" title="Rainer Froese">Froese, Rainer</a>; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?genusname=Etrumeus&speciesname=whiteheadi">"<i>Etrumeus whiteheadi</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/FishBase" title="FishBase">FishBase</a></i>. April 2012 version.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FishBase&rft.atitle=Etrumeus+whiteheadi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fishbase.org%2Fsummary%2FSpeciesSummary.php%3Fgenusname%3DEtrumeus%26speciesname%3Dwhiteheadi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerring" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2096/en"><i>Etrumeus whiteheadi</i> (Wongratana, 1983) </a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140813202434/http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2096/en">Archived</a> 2014-08-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> FAO, Species Fact Sheet. Retrieved April 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=551211">"Etrumeus whiteheadi"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">Integrated Taxonomic Information System</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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April 2012 version.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FishBase&rft.atitle=Jenkinsia+parvula&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fishbase.org%2Fsummary%2FSpeciesSummary.php%3Fgenusname%3DJenkinsia%26speciesname%3Dparvula&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerring" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=161750">"Jenkinsia parvula"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">Integrated Taxonomic Information System</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IUCN+Red+List+of+Threatened+Species&rft.atitle=Jenkinsia+parvula&rft.volume=2017&rft.pages=e.T10939A86372523&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T10939A86372523.en&rft.au=Di+Dario%2C+F.&rft.au=Munroe%2C+T.A.&rft.au=Aiken%2C+K.A.&rft.au=Brown%2C+J.&rft.au=Grijalba+Bendeck%2C+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fspecies%2F10939%2F86372523&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerring" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFroesePauly" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Froese" title="Rainer Froese">Froese, Rainer</a>; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?genusname=Opisthonema&speciesname=berlangai">"<i>Opisthonema berlangai</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/FishBase" title="FishBase">FishBase</a></i>. April 2012 version.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FishBase&rft.atitle=Opisthonema+berlangai&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fishbase.org%2Fsummary%2FSpeciesSummary.php%3Fgenusname%3DOpisthonema%26speciesname%3Dberlangai&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerring" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceB-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=161750">"Opisthonema libertate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">Integrated Taxonomic Information System</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 11,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Opisthonema+libertate&rft.pub=Integrated+Taxonomic+Information+System&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.itis.gov%2Fservlet%2FSingleRpt%2FSingleRpt%3Fsearch_topic%3DTSN%26search_value%3D161750&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerring" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDi_Dario,_F.2020" class="citation journal cs1">Di Dario, F. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/183720/102896673">"<i>Opisthonema berlangai</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a></i>. <b>2020</b>: e.T183720A102896673. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T183720A102896673.en">10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T183720A102896673.en</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IUCN+Red+List+of+Threatened+Species&rft.atitle=Opisthonema+berlangai&rft.volume=2020&rft.pages=e.T183720A102896673&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T183720A102896673.en&rft.au=Di+Dario%2C+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fspecies%2F183720%2F102896673&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerring" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFroesePauly" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Froese" title="Rainer Froese">Froese, Rainer</a>; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?genusname=Opisthonema&speciesname=medirastre">"<i>Opisthonema medirastre</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/FishBase" title="FishBase">FishBase</a></i>. April 2012 version.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FishBase&rft.atitle=Opisthonema+medirastre&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fishbase.org%2Fsummary%2FSpeciesSummary.php%3Fgenusname%3DOpisthonema%26speciesname%3Dmedirastre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerring" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=161750">"Opisthonema medirastre"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">Integrated Taxonomic Information System</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 11,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Opisthonema+medirastre&rft.pub=Integrated+Taxonomic+Information+System&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.itis.gov%2Fservlet%2FSingleRpt%2FSingleRpt%3Fsearch_topic%3DTSN%26search_value%3D161750&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerring" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDi_Dario,_F.2020" class="citation journal cs1">Di Dario, F. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/183235/102897018">"<i>Opisthonema medirastre</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a></i>. <b>2020</b>: e.T183235A102897018. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T183235A102897018.en">10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T183235A102897018.en</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IUCN+Red+List+of+Threatened+Species&rft.atitle=Opisthonema+medirastre&rft.volume=2020&rft.pages=e.T183235A102897018&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T183235A102897018.en&rft.au=Di+Dario%2C+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fspecies%2F183235%2F102897018&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerring" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFroesePauly" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Froese" title="Rainer Froese">Froese, Rainer</a>; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?genusname=Opisthonema&speciesname=libertate">"<i>Opisthonema libertate</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/FishBase" title="FishBase">FishBase</a></i>. April 2012 version.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FishBase&rft.atitle=Opisthonema+libertate&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fishbase.org%2Fsummary%2FSpeciesSummary.php%3Fgenusname%3DOpisthonema%26speciesname%3Dlibertate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerring" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2906/en"><i>Opisthonema libertate</i> (Günther, 1867) </a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130414061709/http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2906/en">Archived</a> 2013-04-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> FAO, Species Fact Sheet. Retrieved April 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFroesePauly" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Froese" title="Rainer Froese">Froese, Rainer</a>; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?genusname=Opisthonema&speciesname=bulleri">"<i>Opisthonema bulleri</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/FishBase" title="FishBase">FishBase</a></i>. April 2012 version.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FishBase&rft.atitle=Opisthonema+bulleri&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fishbase.org%2Fsummary%2FSpeciesSummary.php%3Fgenusname%3DOpisthonema%26speciesname%3Dbulleri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerring" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=161750">"Opisthonema bulleri"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">Integrated Taxonomic Information System</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 11,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Opisthonema+bulleri&rft.pub=Integrated+Taxonomic+Information+System&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.itis.gov%2Fservlet%2FSingleRpt%2FSingleRpt%3Fsearch_topic%3DTSN%26search_value%3D161750&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerring" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDi_Dario,_F.2020" class="citation journal cs1">Di Dario, F. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/183910/102896852">"<i>Opisthonema bulleri</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a></i>. <b>2020</b>: e.T183910A102896852. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T183910A102896852.en">10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T183910A102896852.en</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IUCN+Red+List+of+Threatened+Species&rft.atitle=Opisthonema+bulleri&rft.volume=2020&rft.pages=e.T183910A102896852&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T183910A102896852.en&rft.au=Di+Dario%2C+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fspecies%2F183910%2F102896852&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerring" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFroesePauly" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Froese" title="Rainer Froese">Froese, Rainer</a>; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?genusname=Clupea&speciesname=bentincki">"<i>Clupea bentincki</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/FishBase" title="FishBase">FishBase</a></i>. April 2012 version.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FishBase&rft.atitle=Clupea+bentincki&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fishbase.org%2Fsummary%2FSpeciesSummary.php%3Fgenusname%3DClupea%26speciesname%3Dbentincki&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerring" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2913/en"><i>Clupea bentincki</i> (Norman, 1936) </a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120729052304/http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2913/en">Archived</a> 2012-07-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> FAO, Species Fact Sheet. Retrieved April 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=615818">"Clupea bentincki"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">Integrated Taxonomic Information System</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Clupea+bentincki&rft.pub=Integrated+Taxonomic+Information+System&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.itis.gov%2Fservlet%2FSingleRpt%2FSingleRpt%3Fsearch_topic%3DTSN%26search_value%3D615818&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerring" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDi_Dario,_F.Williams,_J.2017" class="citation journal cs1">Di Dario, F. & Williams, J. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/98841657/98887036">"<i>Strangomera bentincki</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a></i>. <b>2017</b>: e.T98841657A98887036. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T98841657A98887036.en">10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T98841657A98887036.en</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IUCN+Red+List+of+Threatened+Species&rft.atitle=Strangomera+bentincki&rft.volume=2017&rft.pages=e.T98841657A98887036&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T98841657A98887036.en&rft.au=Di+Dario%2C+F.&rft.au=Williams%2C+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fspecies%2F98841657%2F98887036&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerring" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFroesePauly" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Froese" title="Rainer Froese">Froese, Rainer</a>; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?genusname=Lile&speciesname=nigrofasciata">"<i>Lile nigrofasciata</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/FishBase" title="FishBase">FishBase</a></i>. April 2012 version.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FishBase&rft.atitle=Lile+nigrofasciata&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fishbase.org%2Fsummary%2FSpeciesSummary.php%3Fgenusname%3DLile%26speciesname%3Dnigrofasciata&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerring" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=161750">"Lile nigrofasciata"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">Integrated Taxonomic Information System</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Web. 22 November 2011. p. 1268. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://archive.today/20130113024805/http://icesjms.oxfordjournals.org/content/61/8/1267.full.pdf+html">[3]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-seitz-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-seitz_122-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Seitz, J.C. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Gallery/Descript/PelagicThresher/PelagicThresher.html">Pelagic Thresher</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110524184335/http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Gallery/Descript/PelagicThresher/PelagicThresher.html">Archived</a> 2011-05-24 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Florida Museum of Natural History.</i> Retrieved on December 22, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-compagno-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-compagno_123-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCompagno,_L.J.V.1984" class="citation book cs1">Compagno, L.J.V. (1984). <i>Sharks of the World: An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date</i>. Rome: Food and Agricultural Organisation. pp. 466–468. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-5-101384-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-5-101384-7"><bdi>978-92-5-101384-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sharks+of+the+World%3A+An+Annotated+and+Illustrated+Catalogue+of+Shark+Species+Known+to+Date&rft.place=Rome&rft.pages=466-468&rft.pub=Food+and+Agricultural+Organisation&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-92-5-101384-7&rft.au=Compagno%2C+L.J.V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerring" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-marinebio-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-marinebio_124-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://marinebio.org/species.asp?id=492">"<i>Carcharhinus brevipinna</i>, Spinner Shark"</a>. MarineBio.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121220211227/http://marinebio.org/species.asp?id=492">Archived</a> from the original on December 20, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 9,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Carcharhinus+brevipinna%2C+Spinner+Shark&rft.pub=MarineBio.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmarinebio.org%2Fspecies.asp%3Fid%3D492&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerring" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reeves RR, Stewart BS, Clapham PJ and Powell J A (2002) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5CYXAQAAIAAJ&q=%22National+Audubon+Society+Guide+to+Marine+Mammals+of+the+World%22"><i>National Audubon Society Guide to Marine Mammals of the World</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160529103634/https://books.google.com/books?id=5CYXAQAAIAAJ&q=%22National+Audubon+Society+Guide+to+Marine+Mammals+of+the+World%22&dq=%22National+Audubon+Society+Guide+to+Marine+Mammals+of+the+World%22&hl=en&ei=KA-UTbnGIoO4vQOhnJyJDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&sqi=2&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA">Archived</a> 2016-05-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Chanticleer Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780375411410" title="Special:BookSources/9780375411410">9780375411410</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Potvin J and Goldbogen JA (2009) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rsif.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/6/40/1005.full">"Passive versus active engulfment: verdict from trajectory simulations of lunge-feeding fin whales <i>Balaenoptera physalus</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151222100831/http://rsif.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/6/40/1005.full">Archived</a> 2015-12-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>J. R. Soc. Interface</i>, <b>6</b>(40): 1005–1025. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsif.2008.0492">10.1098/rsif.2008.0492</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coml.org/discoveries/discoveries/historical/hmap-important.htm">Herring</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100814022825/http://www.coml.org/discoveries/discoveries/historical/hmap-important.htm">Archived</a> 2010-08-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coml.org/about">Census of Marine Life</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100804181601/http://www.coml.org/about">Archived</a> 2010-08-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/03/080310164906.htm">Cardiovascular Benefits Of Omega-3 Fatty Acids Reviewed</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100823070015/https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/03/080310164906.htm">Archived</a> 2010-08-23 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAroLarmoBäckmanKallio2005" class="citation journal cs1">Aro, Tarja L.; Larmo, Petra S.; Bäckman, Christina H.; Kallio, Heikki P.; Tahvonen, Raija L. (2005-03-01). "Fatty Acids and Fat-Soluble Vitamins in Salted Herring (Clupea harengus) Products". <i>Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry</i>. <b>53</b> (5): 1482–1488. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fjf0401221">10.1021/jf0401221</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0021-8561">0021-8561</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15740028">15740028</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Fatty+Acids+and+Fat-Soluble+Vitamins+in+Salted+Herring+%28Clupea+harengus%29+Products&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=1482-1488&rft.date=2005-03-01&rft.issn=0021-8561&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15740028&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fjf0401221&rft.aulast=Aro&rft.aufirst=Tarja+L.&rft.au=Larmo%2C+Petra+S.&rft.au=B%C3%A4ckman%2C+Christina+H.&rft.au=Kallio%2C+Heikki+P.&rft.au=Tahvonen%2C+Raija+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerring" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.evira.fi/portal/en/evira/current_issues/?id=332">Risks and benefits are clarified by food risk assessment – Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071005003740/http://www.evira.fi/portal/en/evira/current_issues/?id=332">Archived</a> 2007-10-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.evira.fi/portal/en/food/dietary_advice_on_fish_consumption/">Dietary advice on fish consumption – Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100718190641/http://www.evira.fi/portal/en/food/dietary_advice_on_fish_consumption/">Archived</a> 2010-07-18 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHunt2017" class="citation book cs1">Hunt, Kathy (2017). <i>Herring A Global History</i>. Reaktion Books Ltd. p. 7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78023-831-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78023-831-9"><bdi>978-1-78023-831-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Herring+A+Global+History&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Reaktion+Books+Ltd.&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-78023-831-9&rft.aulast=Hunt&rft.aufirst=Kathy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerring" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/fontesvitaesthom00pr#page/332/mode/2up">Process of Canonization of St. Thomas Aquinas, Testimony of Br. Peter of Montesangiovanni</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nefsc.noaa.gov/sos/spsyn/af/herring/">River herring</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120407205018/http://www.nefsc.noaa.gov/sos/spsyn/af/herring/">Archived</a> 2012-04-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>NEFSC</i>, NOAA. Updated December 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Salisbury and Winchester Journal</i>, 9 January 1792.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herring&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 40em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFroesePauly" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Froese" title="Rainer Froese">Froese, Rainer</a>; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fishbase.org/identification/SpeciesList.php?genus=Clupea">"Species in genus <i>Clupea</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/FishBase" title="FishBase">FishBase</a></i>. January 2006 version.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FishBase&rft.atitle=Species+in+genus+Clupea&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fishbase.org%2Fidentification%2FSpeciesList.php%3Fgenus%3DClupea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerring" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Dewhurst HW (1834) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/naturalhistoryo00dewhgoog/page/n294"><i>Clupea harengis</i> or the common herring</a> In: <i>The Natural History of the Order Cetacea</i>, Oxford University. Pages 232–246.</li> <li>Geffen, Audrey J (2009) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130415141435/http://icesjms.oxfordjournals.org/content/66/8/1688.full">Advances in herring biology: from simple to complex, coping with plasticity and adaptability:</a> <i>ICES Journal of Marine Science</i>, <b>66</b> (8): 1688–1695.</li> <li>Gilpen JB (1867) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dalspace.library.dal.ca/bitstream/handle/10222/10175/NSIS_v01_Pt01_Gilpin_Common_herring.pdf?sequence=1">"On the common herring (<i>Clupea elongata</i>)"</a> <i>Proceedings and Transactions of the Nova-Scotian Institute of Natural Science</i>, <b>1</b> (1): 4–11.</li> <li>O'Clair, Rita M. and O'Clair, Charles E., "Pacific herring," <i>Southeast Alaska's Rocky Shores: Animals</i>. pg. 343–346. Plant Press: Auke Bay, Alaska (1998). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9664245-0-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-9664245-0-6">0-9664245-0-6</a></li> <li>Stephenson RL (2001) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130516053754/http://nsgl.gso.uri.edu/aku/akuw00001/akuw00001_part1.pdf#page=11">The role of herring investigations in shaping fisheries science</a> In F. Funk, J. Blackburn, D. Hay, A.J. Paul, R. Stephen- son, R. Toresen, and D. Witherell (eds.) <i>Herrings: Expectations for a New Millennium</i>, Alaska Sea Grant College Program. AK-SG-01-04. pp. 1–20. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56612-070-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-56612-070-5">1-56612-070-5</a>.</li> <li>Stephenson, R. L., Melvin, G. D., and Power, M. J. (2009) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130415150903/http://icesjms.oxfordjournals.org/content/66/8/1733.full">"Population integrity and connectivity in Northwest Atlantic herring: a review of assumptions and evidence"</a> <i>ICES Journal of Marine Science</i>, <b>66</b>: 1733–1739.</li> <li>Whitehead PJP, Nelson GJ and Wongratana T (1988) FAO species catalogue, volume 2: <i>Clupeoid Fishes of the World</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/t0835e/t0835e00.htm">Suborder Clupeoidei</a> FAO Fisheries Synopsis <b>125</b>, Rome. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/92-5-102340-9" title="Special:BookSources/92-5-102340-9">92-5-102340-9</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/009/t0835e/t0835e.zip">Download ZIP (16 MB)</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herring&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Baltic Fisheries Cooperation Committee (1995) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PXoEi7eDXAYC"><i>Utilization and Marketing of Baltic Herring</i></a> Nordic Council of Ministers. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789291207749" title="Special:BookSources/9789291207749">9789291207749</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Bryant_Bigelow" title="Henry Bryant Bigelow">Bigelow HB</a> and Schroeder WC (1953) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gma.org/fogm/Clupea_harengus.htm"><i>Fishes of the Gulf of Maine</i></a> Pages 88–100, Fishery Bulletin <b>74</b>(53), NOAA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130221174143/http://fisherybulletin.nmfs.noaa.gov/53-1/bonyfishes80-100.pdf">pdf version</a></li> <li>Dodd JS (1752) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=D5paAAAAYAAJ"><i>An essay toward a natural history of the herring</i></a> Original from the New York Public Library.</li> <li>Mitchell JM (1864) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/herringitsnatur00mitcgoog"><i>The herring: its natural history and national importance</i></a> Edmonston and Douglas. Original from the University of Wisconsin.</li> <li>Postan MM, Miller E and Habakkuk HJ (1987) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cHRvtwTLcMAC&pg=PA171"><i>The Cambridge Economic History of Europe: Trade and industry in the Middle Ages</i></a> Cambridge University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521087094" title="Special:BookSources/9780521087094">9780521087094</a>.</li> <li>Poulsen B (2008) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xmngYNeh6UsC"><i>Dutch Herring: An Environmental History, C. 1600–1860</i></a> Amsterdam University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789052603049" title="Special:BookSources/9789052603049">9789052603049</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Samuel,_1st_Baron_Mancroft" title="Arthur Samuel, 1st Baron Mancroft">Samuel AM</a> (1918) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/herringitseffect00samuuoft"><i>The herring: its effect on the history of Britain</i></a> J. Murray. Original from the University of Michigan.</li> <li>Stephenson F (2007) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9dI-4BLu0uwC"><i>Herring Fishermen: Images of an Eastern North Carolina Tradition</i></a> The History Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781596292697" title="Special:BookSources/9781596292697">9781596292697</a>.</li> <li>Waters B (1809) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v6MTAAAAYAAJ"><i>Letters upon the subject of the herring fishery: addressed to the secretary of the Honourable the Board for the Herring Fishery at Edinburgh, to which is added, a petition to the lords of the treasury on the same subject</i></a> Original from Harvard University.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herring&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output 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class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Clupea_harengus" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Clupea harengus">Clupea harengus</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="margin-left: 1.6em;"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Herring" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Cookbook:Herring"> Herring</a></b></i></li></ul> </div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031119010211/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/11/1110_031110_herringfarts.html">Herring "communicate" by flatulence</a> from National Geographic (2003)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gma.org/herring/default.asp">Atlantic Herring</a> from the Gulf of Maine Research Institute</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.healthaliciousness.com/nutritionfacts/nutrition-comparison.php?o=15042&t=15041&h=15040&s=100&e=100&r=100">Nutrition Facts for Herring</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sciencenordic.com/prospecting-herring-waste">Prospecting herring waste – from ScienceNordic</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120905074818/http://sciencenordic.com/prospecting-herring-waste">Archived</a> 2012-09-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/109/47/19345.full?sid=2007e889-3e3f-4b13-b4ea-01e94b41d857">PNAS Population-scale sequencing reveals genetic differentiation due to local adaptation in Atlantic herring.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210424090908/http://www.pnas.org/content/109/47/19345.full?sid=2007e889-3e3f-4b13-b4ea-01e94b41d857">Archived</a> 2021-04-24 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Herrings" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Herrings" title="Template:Herrings"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Herrings" title="Template talk:Herrings"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Herrings" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Herrings"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Herrings" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Herrings</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">True herrings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clupea" title="Clupea">Clupea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Araucanian_herring" title="Araucanian herring">Araucanian herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_herring" title="Atlantic herring">Atlantic herring</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_herring" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltic herring">Baltic herring</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_herring" title="Pacific herring">Pacific herring</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chosa_herring" title="Chosa herring">Chosa herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Sea_herring" title="White Sea herring">White Sea herring</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Groenewegen.D3.Buis.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Herring buss"><img alt="Herring buss" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Groenewegen.D3.Buis.jpg/140px-Groenewegen.D3.Buis.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Groenewegen.D3.Buis.jpg/210px-Groenewegen.D3.Buis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Groenewegen.D3.Buis.jpg/280px-Groenewegen.D3.Buis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1025" data-file-height="895" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Herring2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Atlantic herring"><img alt="Atlantic herring" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Herring2.jpg/140px-Herring2.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Herring2.jpg/210px-Herring2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/Herring2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="211" data-file-height="81" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other herrings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pellonulinae" title="Pellonulinae">Freshwater herrings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odontognathus" title="Odontognathus">Longfin herrings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dussumieriinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Dussumieriinae">Round herrings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opisthonema" title="Opisthonema">Thread herrings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwarf_round_herring" title="Dwarf round herring">Dwarf round herring</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Misc herrings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alewife_(fish)" title="Alewife (fish)">Alewife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_thread_herring" title="Atlantic thread herring">Atlantic thread herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_herring" title="Australian herring">Australian herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blueback_herring" title="Blueback herring">Blueback herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deepsea_herring" class="mw-redirect" title="Deepsea herring">Deepsea herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilsa_herring" class="mw-redirect" title="Hilsa herring">Hilsa herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scaled_herring" class="mw-redirect" title="Scaled herring">Scaled herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skipjack_herring" class="mw-redirect" title="Skipjack herring">Skipjack herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_herring" title="Wolf herring">Wolf herring</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Double-armored_herring" class="mw-redirect" title="Double-armored herring">Double-armored herring</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Herring boats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herring_buss" title="Herring buss">Herring buss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herring_seiner" class="mw-redirect" title="Herring seiner">Herring seiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drifter_(fishing_boat)" title="Drifter (fishing boat)">Drifter (fishing boat)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tradewind_(schooner)" title="Tradewind (schooner)"><i>Tradewind</i> (schooner)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydia_Eva_(steam_drifter)" title="Lydia Eva (steam drifter)"><i>Lydia Eva</i> (steam drifter)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reaper_(sailing_vessel)" title="Reaper (sailing vessel)"><i>Reaper</i> (sailing vessel)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Herring_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Herring (food)">As food</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herring_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Herring (food)">Herring (food)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avruga_caviar" title="Avruga caviar">Avruga caviar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloater_(herring)" title="Bloater (herring)">Bloater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brathering" title="Brathering">Brathering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckling_(fish)" title="Buckling (fish)">Buckling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dressed_herring" title="Dressed herring">Dressed herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibbing" title="Gibbing">Gibbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwamegi" title="Gwamegi">Gwamegi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herring_soup" title="Herring soup">Herring soup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kibinago" class="mw-redirect" title="Kibinago">Kibinago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kipper" title="Kipper">Kipper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Craster_kipper" title="Craster kipper">Craster kipper</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickled_herring" title="Pickled herring">Pickled herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schmaltz_herring" title="Schmaltz herring">Schmaltz herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Gundy" title="Solomon Gundy">Solomon Gundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soused_herring" title="Soused herring">Soused herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spekesild" title="Spekesild">Spekesild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surstr%C3%B6mming" title="Surströmming">Surströmming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rollmops" title="Rollmops">Rollmops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vorschmack" title="Vorschmack">Vorschmack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_herring_gull" title="European herring gull">Herring gull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_herring" title="Red herring">Red herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herring_fair" title="Herring fair">Herring fair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Herring_Song" title="The Herring Song">The Herring Song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herringbone_(cloth)" title="Herringbone (cloth)">Herringbone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scania_Market" class="mw-redirect" title="Scania Market">Scania Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_east_coast_fishery" title="Scottish east coast fishery">Scottish east coast fishery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Guylaine" title="Marc Guylaine">Marc Guylaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netz_%C3%BCber_Bord_%E2%80%93_Heringsfang_auf_der_Nordsee" title="Netz über Bord – Heringsfang auf der Nordsee"><i>Netz über Bord</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Herring_Hunt" title="Herring Hunt">Herring Hunt</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Principal_commercial_fishery_species_groups" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Commercial_fish_topics" title="Template:Commercial fish topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Commercial_fish_topics" title="Template talk:Commercial fish topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Commercial_fish_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Commercial fish topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Principal_commercial_fishery_species_groups" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Principal commercial <a href="/wiki/Fishery" title="Fishery">fishery</a> species groups</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wild_fisheries" title="Wild fisheries">Wild</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pelagic_fish" title="Pelagic fish">Large pelagic fish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mackerel" title="Mackerel">Mackerel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmon" title="Salmon">Salmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shark" title="Shark">Shark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swordfish" title="Swordfish">Swordfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuna" title="Tuna">Tuna</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albacore" title="Albacore">albacore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bigeye_tuna" title="Bigeye tuna">bigeye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_bluefin_tuna" title="Atlantic bluefin tuna">Atlantic bluefin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_bluefin_tuna" title="Pacific bluefin tuna">Pacific bluefin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_bluefin_tuna" title="Southern bluefin tuna">southern bluefin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skipjack_tuna" title="Skipjack tuna">skipjack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellowfin_tuna" title="Yellowfin tuna">yellowfin</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Forage_fish" title="Forage fish">Forage fish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchovy" title="Anchovy">Anchovy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capelin" title="Capelin">Capelin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilish" title="Ilish">Ilish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menhaden" title="Menhaden">Menhaden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardine" title="Sardine">Sardines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_saury" title="Pacific saury">Saury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shad" class="mw-redirect" title="Shad">Shad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprat" title="Sprat">Sprat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_sprat" title="European sprat">european</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Demersal_fish" title="Demersal fish">Demersal fish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catfish" title="Catfish">Catfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cod" title="Cod">Cod</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_cod" title="Atlantic cod">Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_cod" title="Pacific cod">Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_pollock" title="Alaska pollock">Alaska pollock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flatfish" title="Flatfish">Flatfish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flounder" title="Flounder">flounder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halibut" title="Halibut">halibut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaice" title="Plaice">plaice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sole_(fish)" title="Sole (fish)">sole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turbot" title="Turbot">turbot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haddock" title="Haddock">Haddock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mullet_(fish)" title="Mullet (fish)">Mullet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_roughy" title="Orange roughy">Orange roughy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollock" title="Pollock">Pollock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebastes" title="Sebastes">Rockfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sillaginidae" title="Sillaginidae">Smelt-whitings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toothfish" class="mw-redirect" title="Toothfish">Toothfish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Freshwater_fish" title="Freshwater fish">Freshwater fish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carp" title="Carp">Carp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sturgeon" title="Sturgeon">Sturgeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilapia" title="Tilapia">Tilapia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trout" title="Trout">Trout</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wild_fish" class="mw-redirect" title="Wild fish">Other wild fish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eel" title="Eel">Eel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitebait" title="Whitebait">Whitebait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commercial_fish" title="Category:Commercial fish">more...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Crustacean" title="Crustacean">Crustaceans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crab" title="Crab">Crab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krill" title="Krill">Krill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobster" title="Lobster">Lobster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrimp" title="Shrimp">Shrimp</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prawn" title="Prawn">Prawns</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commercial_crustaceans" title="Category:Commercial crustaceans">more...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mollusc" class="mw-redirect" title="Mollusc">Molluscs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abalone" title="Abalone">Abalone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mussel" title="Mussel">Mussels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octopus" title="Octopus">Octopus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyster" title="Oyster">Oysters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scallop" title="Scallop">Scallops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squid" title="Squid">Squid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commercial_molluscs" title="Category:Commercial molluscs">more...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Echinoderm" title="Echinoderm">Echinoderms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sea_cucumber" title="Sea cucumber">Sea cucumbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_urchin" title="Sea urchin">Sea urchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commercial_echinoderms" title="Category:Commercial echinoderms">more...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fisheries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cod_fisheries" title="Cod fisheries">Cod fisheries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crab_fisheries" title="Crab fisheries">Crab fisheries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krill_fishery" title="Krill fishery">Krill fishery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobster_fishing" title="Lobster fishing">Lobster fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrimp_fishery" title="Shrimp fishery">Shrimp fishery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Atlantic_cod.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Atlantic cod"><img alt="Atlantic cod" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Atlantic_cod.jpg/140px-Atlantic_cod.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Atlantic_cod.jpg/210px-Atlantic_cod.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Atlantic_cod.jpg/280px-Atlantic_cod.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="255" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lobster_(PSF).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Lobster"><img alt="Lobster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Lobster_%28PSF%29.png/100px-Lobster_%28PSF%29.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Lobster_%28PSF%29.png/150px-Lobster_%28PSF%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Lobster_%28PSF%29.png/200px-Lobster_%28PSF%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2821" data-file-height="1748" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pacific_oysters_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pacific oysters"><img alt="Pacific oysters" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Pacific_oysters_01.jpg/80px-Pacific_oysters_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Pacific_oysters_01.jpg/120px-Pacific_oysters_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Pacific_oysters_01.jpg/160px-Pacific_oysters_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1750" data-file-height="1282" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture" title="Aquaculture">Farmed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carp#Aquaculture" title="Carp">Carp</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bighead_carp" title="Bighead carp">bighead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_carp" title="Common carp">common</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucian_carp" title="Crucian carp">crucian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grass_carp" title="Grass carp">grass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_carp" title="Silver carp">silver</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_of_catfish" title="Aquaculture of catfish">Catfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freshwater_prawn_farming" title="Freshwater prawn farming">Freshwater prawns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilt-head_bream" title="Gilt-head bream">Gilt-head bream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mussel#Aquaculture" title="Mussel">Mussels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyster_farming" title="Oyster farming">Oysters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_of_salmon" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquaculture of salmon">Salmon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_salmon" title="Atlantic salmon">Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_trout" title="Rainbow trout">salmon trout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coho_salmon" title="Coho salmon">coho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinook_salmon" title="Chinook salmon">chinook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scallop_aquaculture" title="Scallop aquaculture">Scallops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seaweed_farming" title="Seaweed farming">Seaweed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_shrimp_farming" title="Marine shrimp farming">Shrimp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_of_tilapia" 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