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4.12686C22.2363 2.60808 21.0051 1.37686 19.4863 1.37686ZM7 6.49996H16.6319L14.6964 8.43547C14.4035 8.72837 14.4035 9.20324 14.6964 9.49613C14.9893 9.78903 15.4641 9.78903 15.757 9.49613L18.3547 6.89846C19.0438 7.34362 19.5 8.11852 19.5 8.99996V19C19.5 20.3807 18.3807 21.5 17 21.5H7C5.61929 21.5 4.5 20.3807 4.5 19V8.99996C4.5 7.61924 5.61929 6.49996 7 6.49996ZM9.25 12C9.25 11.5857 9.58579 11.25 10 11.25H12H14C14.4142 11.25 14.75 11.5857 14.75 12C14.75 12.4142 14.4142 12.75 14 12.75H12H10C9.58579 12.75 9.25 12.4142 9.25 12ZM9.25 17C9.25 16.5857 9.58579 16.25 10 16.25H12H14C14.4142 16.25 14.75 16.5857 14.75 17C14.75 17.4142 14.4142 17.75 14 17.75H12H10C9.58579 17.75 9.25 17.4142 9.25 17Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span><span class="bre-article-menu__list-item-text tw-hidden md:max-lg:tw-inline">Аннотация</span></a><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Аннотация</span></span></span><a href="/c/geologicheskie-protsessy-cd7548/annotation" class="bre-article-menu__list-item 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21.5 17 21.5H7C5.61929 21.5 4.5 20.3807 4.5 19V8.99996C4.5 7.61924 5.61929 6.49996 7 6.49996ZM9.25 12C9.25 11.5857 9.58579 11.25 10 11.25H12H14C14.4142 11.25 14.75 11.5857 14.75 12C14.75 12.4142 14.4142 12.75 14 12.75H12H10C9.58579 12.75 9.25 12.4142 9.25 12ZM9.25 17C9.25 16.5857 9.58579 16.25 10 16.25H12H14C14.4142 16.25 14.75 16.5857 14.75 17C14.75 17.4142 14.4142 17.75 14 17.75H12H10C9.58579 17.75 9.25 17.4142 9.25 17Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span><span class="bre-article-menu__list-item-text tw-hidden md:max-lg:tw-inline">Аннотация</span></a></div><div class="tw-grow tw-basis-0 max-md:tw-max-w-[80px]"><span data-v-tippy class="tw-mx-auto tw-hidden lg:tw-flex"><a href="/c/geologicheskie-protsessy-cd7548/media" class="bre-article-menu__list-item"><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-gray-1"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M17 4H7C5.61929 4 4.5 5.11929 4.5 6.5V17.5C4.5 18.1033 4.71367 18.6566 5.06946 19.0885L15.6829 8.95748C15.8374 8.81003 16.0474 8.73542 16.2603 8.75237C16.4732 8.76931 16.6687 8.87621 16.7979 9.04625L19.5 12.6023V6.5C19.5 5.11929 18.3807 4 17 4ZM19.5 15.0592C19.465 15.0278 19.4324 14.9926 19.4028 14.9538L16.1114 10.6221L6.37067 19.9201C6.57173 19.9723 6.78263 20 7 20H17C18.3807 20 19.5 18.8807 19.5 17.5V15.0592ZM7 2.5C4.79086 2.5 3 4.29086 3 6.5V17.5C3 19.7091 4.79086 21.5 7 21.5H17C19.2091 21.5 21 19.7091 21 17.5V6.5C21 4.29086 19.2091 2.5 17 2.5H7ZM9.20078 7.25C8.51042 7.25 7.95078 7.80964 7.95078 8.5C7.95078 9.19036 8.51042 9.75 9.20078 9.75C9.89113 9.75 10.4508 9.19036 10.4508 8.5C10.4508 7.80964 9.89113 7.25 9.20078 7.25ZM6.45078 8.5C6.45078 6.98122 7.68199 5.75 9.20078 5.75C10.7196 5.75 11.9508 6.98122 11.9508 8.5C11.9508 10.0188 10.7196 11.25 9.20078 11.25C7.68199 11.25 6.45078 10.0188 6.45078 8.5Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span><span class="bre-article-menu__list-item-text tw-hidden md:max-lg:tw-inline">Медиа</span></a><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Медиа</span></span></span><a href="/c/geologicheskie-protsessy-cd7548/media" class="bre-article-menu__list-item tw-mx-auto tw-flex lg:tw-hidden"><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-gray-1"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M17 4H7C5.61929 4 4.5 5.11929 4.5 6.5V17.5C4.5 18.1033 4.71367 18.6566 5.06946 19.0885L15.6829 8.95748C15.8374 8.81003 16.0474 8.73542 16.2603 8.75237C16.4732 8.76931 16.6687 8.87621 16.7979 9.04625L19.5 12.6023V6.5C19.5 5.11929 18.3807 4 17 4ZM19.5 15.0592C19.465 15.0278 19.4324 14.9926 19.4028 14.9538L16.1114 10.6221L6.37067 19.9201C6.57173 19.9723 6.78263 20 7 20H17C18.3807 20 19.5 18.8807 19.5 17.5V15.0592ZM7 2.5C4.79086 2.5 3 4.29086 3 6.5V17.5C3 19.7091 4.79086 21.5 7 21.5H17C19.2091 21.5 21 19.7091 21 17.5V6.5C21 4.29086 19.2091 2.5 17 2.5H7ZM9.20078 7.25C8.51042 7.25 7.95078 7.80964 7.95078 8.5C7.95078 9.19036 8.51042 9.75 9.20078 9.75C9.89113 9.75 10.4508 9.19036 10.4508 8.5C10.4508 7.80964 9.89113 7.25 9.20078 7.25ZM6.45078 8.5C6.45078 6.98122 7.68199 5.75 9.20078 5.75C10.7196 5.75 11.9508 6.98122 11.9508 8.5C11.9508 10.0188 10.7196 11.25 9.20078 11.25C7.68199 11.25 6.45078 10.0188 6.45078 8.5Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span><span class="bre-article-menu__list-item-text tw-hidden md:max-lg:tw-inline">Медиа</span></a></div><div class="tw-grow tw-basis-0 max-md:tw-max-w-[80px]"><span data-v-tippy class="tw-mx-auto tw-hidden lg:tw-flex"><a href="/c/geologicheskie-protsessy-cd7548/references" class="bre-article-menu__list-item"><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-gray-1"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M5 3.25C3.48122 3.25 2.25 4.48122 2.25 6V16.1667C2.25 17.6854 3.48122 18.9167 5 18.9167H9.3C9.80519 18.9167 10.2974 19.1269 10.6662 19.5139C11.0362 19.9022 11.25 20.4361 11.25 21C11.25 21.4142 11.5858 21.75 12 21.75C12.4142 21.75 12.75 21.4142 12.75 21C12.75 20.4227 12.9564 19.8833 13.3026 19.4973C13.6464 19.114 14.0941 18.9167 14.5412 18.9167H19C20.5188 18.9167 21.75 17.6855 21.75 16.1667V6C21.75 4.48122 20.5188 3.25 19 3.25H15.3882C14.2627 3.25 13.2022 3.74922 12.4341 4.60572C12.266 4.79308 12.1147 4.99431 11.9809 5.20674C11.8358 4.98777 11.6713 4.78092 11.4885 4.58908C10.6758 3.73626 9.56568 3.25 8.4 3.25H5ZM12.75 17.993C13.2735 17.6237 13.8929 17.4167 14.5412 17.4167H19C19.6904 17.4167 20.25 16.857 20.25 16.1667V6C20.25 5.30964 19.6904 4.75 19 4.75H15.3882C14.7165 4.75 14.0534 5.04681 13.5507 5.60725C13.0457 6.17037 12.75 6.95001 12.75 7.77778V17.993ZM11.25 18.0438V7.77778C11.25 6.96341 10.9414 6.18924 10.4026 5.62389C9.86506 5.05976 9.14388 4.75 8.4 4.75H5C4.30964 4.75 3.75 5.30964 3.75 6V16.1667C3.75 16.857 4.30964 17.4167 5 17.4167H9.3C10.0044 17.4167 10.6825 17.64 11.25 18.0438Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span><span class="bre-article-menu__list-item-text tw-hidden md:max-lg:tw-inline">Библиография</span></a><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Библиография</span></span></span><a href="/c/geologicheskie-protsessy-cd7548/references" class="bre-article-menu__list-item tw-mx-auto tw-flex lg:tw-hidden"><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-gray-1"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M5 3.25C3.48122 3.25 2.25 4.48122 2.25 6V16.1667C2.25 17.6854 3.48122 18.9167 5 18.9167H9.3C9.80519 18.9167 10.2974 19.1269 10.6662 19.5139C11.0362 19.9022 11.25 20.4361 11.25 21C11.25 21.4142 11.5858 21.75 12 21.75C12.4142 21.75 12.75 21.4142 12.75 21C12.75 20.4227 12.9564 19.8833 13.3026 19.4973C13.6464 19.114 14.0941 18.9167 14.5412 18.9167H19C20.5188 18.9167 21.75 17.6855 21.75 16.1667V6C21.75 4.48122 20.5188 3.25 19 3.25H15.3882C14.2627 3.25 13.2022 3.74922 12.4341 4.60572C12.266 4.79308 12.1147 4.99431 11.9809 5.20674C11.8358 4.98777 11.6713 4.78092 11.4885 4.58908C10.6758 3.73626 9.56568 3.25 8.4 3.25H5ZM12.75 17.993C13.2735 17.6237 13.8929 17.4167 14.5412 17.4167H19C19.6904 17.4167 20.25 16.857 20.25 16.1667V6C20.25 5.30964 19.6904 4.75 19 4.75H15.3882C14.7165 4.75 14.0534 5.04681 13.5507 5.60725C13.0457 6.17037 12.75 6.95001 12.75 7.77778V17.993ZM11.25 18.0438V7.77778C11.25 6.96341 10.9414 6.18924 10.4026 5.62389C9.86506 5.05976 9.14388 4.75 8.4 4.75H5C4.30964 4.75 3.75 5.30964 3.75 6V16.1667C3.75 16.857 4.30964 17.4167 5 17.4167H9.3C10.0044 17.4167 10.6825 17.64 11.25 18.0438Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span><span class="bre-article-menu__list-item-text tw-hidden md:max-lg:tw-inline">Библиография</span></a></div><div class="tw-grow tw-basis-0 max-md:tw-max-w-[80px]"><span data-v-tippy class="tw-mx-auto tw-hidden lg:tw-flex"><a href="/c/geologicheskie-protsessy-cd7548/versions" class="bre-article-menu__list-item"><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-gray-1"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M10.9565 3.85864H7.51619C7.8045 3.2057 8.4577 2.75 9.21734 2.75H13.5652H14.7687C15.4365 2.75 16.0697 3.0466 16.4972 3.55959L19.2502 6.86313C19.5871 7.26748 19.7717 7.77718 19.7717 8.30354V10.6957V16.7826C19.7717 17.5422 19.316 18.1954 18.663 18.4838V13.3043V10.9122C18.663 10.0349 18.3555 9.18542 17.7939 8.51149L15.0409 5.20795C14.3284 4.35298 13.273 3.85864 12.1601 3.85864H10.9565ZM14.913 22.7499C16.6051 22.7499 18.0354 21.6293 18.5022 20.0898C20.0762 19.8113 21.2717 18.4365 21.2717 16.7826V10.6957V8.30354C21.2717 7.42628 20.9641 6.57678 20.4025 5.90285L17.6496 2.59931C16.9371 1.74434 15.8817 1.25 14.7687 1.25H13.5652H9.21734C7.56341 1.25 6.18869 2.44548 5.91016 4.01947C4.37062 4.48633 3.25 5.91662 3.25 7.60864V18.9999C3.25 21.071 4.92893 22.7499 7 22.7499H14.913ZM7 5.35864C5.75736 5.35864 4.75 6.366 4.75 7.60864V18.9999C4.75 20.2426 5.75736 21.2499 7 21.2499H14.913C16.1557 21.2499 17.163 20.2426 17.163 18.9999V13.3043V10.9122C17.163 10.7991 17.1545 10.6867 17.1378 10.5761H15.3043C13.9296 10.5761 12.8152 9.46164 12.8152 8.08694V5.45611C12.6051 5.39215 12.3845 5.35864 12.1601 5.35864H10.9565H7ZM14.3152 6.68014V8.08694C14.3152 8.63322 14.758 9.07607 15.3043 9.07607H16.3118L14.3152 6.68014ZM6.72827 13.3043C6.72827 12.8901 7.06406 12.5543 7.47827 12.5543H14.4348C14.849 12.5543 15.1848 12.8901 15.1848 13.3043C15.1848 13.7185 14.849 14.0543 14.4348 14.0543H7.47827C7.06406 14.0543 6.72827 13.7185 6.72827 13.3043ZM7.47827 16.9022C7.06406 16.9022 6.72827 17.238 6.72827 17.6522C6.72827 18.0664 7.06406 18.4022 7.47827 18.4022H10.9565C11.3707 18.4022 11.7065 18.0664 11.7065 17.6522C11.7065 17.238 11.3707 16.9022 10.9565 16.9022H7.47827Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span><span class="bre-article-menu__list-item-text tw-hidden md:max-lg:tw-inline">Версии</span></a><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Версии</span></span></span><a href="/c/geologicheskie-protsessy-cd7548/versions" class="bre-article-menu__list-item tw-mx-auto tw-flex lg:tw-hidden"><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-gray-1"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M10.9565 3.85864H7.51619C7.8045 3.2057 8.4577 2.75 9.21734 2.75H13.5652H14.7687C15.4365 2.75 16.0697 3.0466 16.4972 3.55959L19.2502 6.86313C19.5871 7.26748 19.7717 7.77718 19.7717 8.30354V10.6957V16.7826C19.7717 17.5422 19.316 18.1954 18.663 18.4838V13.3043V10.9122C18.663 10.0349 18.3555 9.18542 17.7939 8.51149L15.0409 5.20795C14.3284 4.35298 13.273 3.85864 12.1601 3.85864H10.9565ZM14.913 22.7499C16.6051 22.7499 18.0354 21.6293 18.5022 20.0898C20.0762 19.8113 21.2717 18.4365 21.2717 16.7826V10.6957V8.30354C21.2717 7.42628 20.9641 6.57678 20.4025 5.90285L17.6496 2.59931C16.9371 1.74434 15.8817 1.25 14.7687 1.25H13.5652H9.21734C7.56341 1.25 6.18869 2.44548 5.91016 4.01947C4.37062 4.48633 3.25 5.91662 3.25 7.60864V18.9999C3.25 21.071 4.92893 22.7499 7 22.7499H14.913ZM7 5.35864C5.75736 5.35864 4.75 6.366 4.75 7.60864V18.9999C4.75 20.2426 5.75736 21.2499 7 21.2499H14.913C16.1557 21.2499 17.163 20.2426 17.163 18.9999V13.3043V10.9122C17.163 10.7991 17.1545 10.6867 17.1378 10.5761H15.3043C13.9296 10.5761 12.8152 9.46164 12.8152 8.08694V5.45611C12.6051 5.39215 12.3845 5.35864 12.1601 5.35864H10.9565H7ZM14.3152 6.68014V8.08694C14.3152 8.63322 14.758 9.07607 15.3043 9.07607H16.3118L14.3152 6.68014ZM6.72827 13.3043C6.72827 12.8901 7.06406 12.5543 7.47827 12.5543H14.4348C14.849 12.5543 15.1848 12.8901 15.1848 13.3043C15.1848 13.7185 14.849 14.0543 14.4348 14.0543H7.47827C7.06406 14.0543 6.72827 13.7185 6.72827 13.3043ZM7.47827 16.9022C7.06406 16.9022 6.72827 17.238 6.72827 17.6522C6.72827 18.0664 7.06406 18.4022 7.47827 18.4022H10.9565C11.3707 18.4022 11.7065 18.0664 11.7065 17.6522C11.7065 17.238 11.3707 16.9022 10.9565 16.9022H7.47827Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span><span class="bre-article-menu__list-item-text tw-hidden md:max-lg:tw-inline">Версии</span></a></div></div></div></nav><div><meta itemprop="image primaryImageOfPage" content="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=WiEhTOYUDgAUQo6GIlzmSQ&filename=vault/85f8347e2548ef5255f8649d60108ff4.webp&width=120"><article itemscope itemprop="mainEntity" itemtype="https://schema.org/Article"><div itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"><meta itemprop="name" content="Автономная некоммерческая организация «Национальный научно-образовательный центр «Большая российская энциклопедия»"><meta itemprop="address" content="Покровский бульвар, д. 8, стр. 1А, Москва, 109028"><meta itemprop="telephone" content="+7 (495) 781-15-95"><meta itemprop="logo" content="https://s.bigenc.ru/_nuxt/logo.98u7ubS9.svg"></div><div itemprop="copyrightHolder" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"><meta itemprop="name" content="Автономная некоммерческая организация «Национальный научно-образовательный центр «Большая российская энциклопедия»"><meta itemprop="address" content="Покровский бульвар, д. 8, стр. 1А, Москва, 109028"><meta itemprop="telephone" content="+7 (495) 781-15-95"><meta itemprop="logo" content="https://s.bigenc.ru/_nuxt/logo.98u7ubS9.svg"></div><meta itemprop="articleSection" content="Термины"><meta itemprop="headline" content="Геологические процессы"><meta itemprop="keywords" content="Геологические процессы, Минералообразующие процессы, Рельефообразующие процессы, Породообразующие процессы"><div class="bre-article-page max-md:tw-mt-10 md:max-lg:tw-mt-[81px] max-md:tw-mt-10"><div class="article-sidebar -hide-on-desktop-s"><div class="article-sidebar-button -show-on-tablet -hide-on-desktop-s"><span class="article-sidebar-title">Информация</span><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-primary-black"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M6 9l6 6 6-6" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round"/></svg> </span><div class="article-sidebar-text -show-on-tablet -hide-on-desktop-s">Геологические процессы</div></div><div class="article-sidebar-wrapper -hide-on-tablet"><header class="bre-article-header -hide-on-tablet"><div class="bre-label__wrap"><span data-v-tippy class="tw-leading-[0px]"><a href="/t/terms" class="bre-label _link">Термины</a><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Термины</span></span></span></div><h1 class="bre-article-header-title">Геологические процессы</h1></header><section class="-hide-on-tablet tw-h-14 md:tw-h-20"></section><span class="bre-media-image article-sidebar-image _note-exclude _clean" data-width="100%" data-display="block"><span class="bre-media-figure _note-exclude _clean" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="image"><span class="bre-media-image-container"><meta itemprop="name" content="Извержение вулкана Эрта-Але (тектоническая впадина Афар, Эфиопия)"><meta itemprop="caption" content="Извержение вулкана Эрта-Але (тектоническая впадина Афар, Эфиопия)."><meta itemprop="copyrightNotice" content="Rainer Albiez / PantherMedia / Фотобанк Лори"><span class="tw-flex tw-w-full" style=""><img src="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=WiEhTOYUDgAUQo6GIlzmSQ&filename=vault/85f8347e2548ef5255f8649d60108ff4.webp&width=120" onerror="this.setAttribute('data-error', 1)" alt="Извержение вулкана Эрта-Але (тектоническая впадина Афар, Эфиопия)" data-nuxt-img sizes="320px" srcset="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=WiEhTOYUDgAUQo6GIlzmSQ&filename=vault/85f8347e2548ef5255f8649d60108ff4.webp&width=120 120w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=ngdJPVokU6PZXG1kef38GQ&filename=vault/85f8347e2548ef5255f8649d60108ff4.webp&width=320 320w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=0mE8ZosAgbHhjrkyRQ3ZbA&filename=vault/85f8347e2548ef5255f8649d60108ff4.webp&width=480 480w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=hlav351nZncpuwjYxFcwSQ&filename=vault/85f8347e2548ef5255f8649d60108ff4.webp&width=640 640w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=p8o9OjzP4o0m8ZT-V3_tLA&filename=vault/85f8347e2548ef5255f8649d60108ff4.webp&width=768 768w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=yF5R90BhASWfgXGY3QsJ7A&filename=vault/85f8347e2548ef5255f8649d60108ff4.webp&width=1024 1024w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=F3i48iUfemDcJJieVG09Aw&filename=vault/85f8347e2548ef5255f8649d60108ff4.webp&width=1280 1280w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=_EesFgswc0TUrMkC5oWMhQ&filename=vault/85f8347e2548ef5255f8649d60108ff4.webp&width=1920 1920w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=4hX51vQw4gIN8FiKvX9pAg&filename=vault/85f8347e2548ef5255f8649d60108ff4.webp&width=3840 3840w" title="Извержение вулкана Эрта-Але (тектоническая впадина Афар, Эфиопия)" class="" itemprop="contentUrl"></span></span></span></span><div class="article-sidebar-meta"><dl class="tw-mt-0"><dt>Области знаний:</dt><dd>Геология, Геодинамика и строение Земли, Инженерная геодинамика</dd></dl></div></div></div><div class="bre-article-page__container"><div class="bre-article-page__content bre-article-content"><header class="bre-article-header -show-on-tablet"><div class="bre-label__wrap"><span data-v-tippy class="tw-leading-[0px]"><a href="/t/terms" class="bre-label _link">Термины</a><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Термины</span></span></span></div><h1 class="bre-article-header-title">Геологические процессы</h1></header><section class="tw-flex"><div class="-show-on-tablet tw-h-14 md:tw-h-20"><div><div><div itemprop="interactionStatistic" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/InteractionCounter"><meta itemprop="interactionType" content="https://schema.org/ViewAction"><meta itemprop="userInteractionCount" content=""></div><div itemprop="interactionStatistic" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/InteractionCounter"><meta itemprop="interactionType" content="https://schema.org/ShareAction"><meta itemprop="userInteractionCount" content=""></div><div itemprop="interactionStatistic" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/InteractionCounter"><meta itemprop="interactionType" content="https://schema.org/LikeAction"><meta itemprop="userInteractionCount" content=""></div></div><span></span></div></div><span></span></section><div class="js-preview-link-root"><div itemprop="articleBody" class="bre-article-body"><section><section><p><b>Геологи́ческие проце́ссы,</b> процессы, изменяющие состав, структуру, рельеф и глубинное строение <a href="/c/zemlia-b173fe" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Земли</a>.</p><p>Среди них выделяют <a href="/c/endogennye-protsessy-f556c0" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">эндогенные процессы</a>, связанные с энергией, возникающей в недрах Земли, а также с гравитационной дифференциацией, и <a href="/c/ekzogennye-protsessy-4c2868" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">экзогенные процессы</a>,<b> </b>обусловленные внешними по отношению к Земле источниками энергии (преимущественно солнечное излучение) в сочетании с силой тяжести. Эндогенные процессы протекают в недрах «твёрдой» Земли, к ним относятся: <a href="/c/tektonicheskie-dvizheniia-fb636f" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">тектонические движения</a> <a href="/c/zemnaia-kora-b993ed" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">земной коры</a>, <a href="/c/magmatizm-a83a6b" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">магматизм</a>, <a href="/c/metamorfizm-f86924" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">метаморфизм</a>, <a href="/c/metasomatoz-c4fd7e" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">метасоматоз</a>, <a href="/c/vulkanizm-40a526" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">вулканизм</a>, частично <a href="/c/gidrotermal-nye-protsessy-fbeae7" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">гидротермальные процессы</a>. </p><div><div class="bre-slider _note-exclude" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Collection https://schema.org/ItemList" itemprop="hasPart"><span class="bre-media-image _note-exclude _gallery" data-width="100%" data-display="block"><span class="bre-media-figure _note-exclude" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="image"><span class="bre-media-image-container"><meta itemprop="name" content="Исландия. Западная рифтовая долина"><meta itemprop="caption" content="Рифтогенез в Исландии. Западная рифтовая долина."><meta itemprop="copyrightNotice" content="anne beaumont, flickr.com. CC BY-SA 2.0"><link itemprop="copyrightHolder" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/"><span class="tw-flex tw-w-full" style=""><img src="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=izc1NsUVbrDWuGY08jnbKw&filename=vault/1243d488c1b08da991ad68354c128a8a.webp&width=120" onerror="this.setAttribute('data-error', 1)" alt="Исландия. Западная рифтовая долина" data-nuxt-img sizes="1024px" srcset="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=izc1NsUVbrDWuGY08jnbKw&filename=vault/1243d488c1b08da991ad68354c128a8a.webp&width=120 120w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=Il6ALABIsYI8aatCHnu4EQ&filename=vault/1243d488c1b08da991ad68354c128a8a.webp&width=320 320w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=JPnnSNWP0l9_xydwfPR0rg&filename=vault/1243d488c1b08da991ad68354c128a8a.webp&width=480 480w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=VRaJ7pdZUWDu7XCnDTLotA&filename=vault/1243d488c1b08da991ad68354c128a8a.webp&width=640 640w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=YsfT1Ly6VXIZhC95wLa8tA&filename=vault/1243d488c1b08da991ad68354c128a8a.webp&width=768 768w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=xNuBiLDybxvwbeipY7LZ9g&filename=vault/1243d488c1b08da991ad68354c128a8a.webp&width=1024 1024w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=OAQl28BPZEypWJkFDQ0BmA&filename=vault/1243d488c1b08da991ad68354c128a8a.webp&width=1280 1280w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=AfRhK9m1yclZx8SPgLYNxg&filename=vault/1243d488c1b08da991ad68354c128a8a.webp&width=1920 1920w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=hgCtkgmC48MNKbxq4cAZkA&filename=vault/1243d488c1b08da991ad68354c128a8a.webp&width=3840 3840w" title="Исландия. Западная рифтовая долина" class="" itemprop="contentUrl"></span></span><span class="bre-media-caption"><span class="bre-media-caption-content"><span class="bre-media-caption__text"><span data-v-tippy><span class="tw-line-clamp-3">Рифтогенез в Исландии. Западная рифтовая долина.</span><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Рифтогенез в Исландии. Западная рифтовая долина.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="-show-on-tablet"><div class="bre-arrow bre-image-arrow _left"><span class="nuxt-icon tw-text-2xl tw-text-gray-3"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M19.2071 9.20906C19.5976 8.81854 19.5976 8.18537 19.2071 7.79485C18.8166 7.40432 18.1834 7.40432 17.7929 7.79485L19.2071 9.20906ZM11.5 15.502L10.7929 16.2091C11.1834 16.5996 11.8166 16.5996 12.2071 16.2091L11.5 15.502ZM5.20711 7.79485C4.81658 7.40432 4.18342 7.40432 3.79289 7.79485C3.40237 8.18537 3.40237 8.81854 3.79289 9.20906L5.20711 7.79485ZM17.7929 7.79485L10.7929 14.7948L12.2071 16.2091L19.2071 9.20906L17.7929 7.79485ZM12.2071 14.7948L5.20711 7.79485L3.79289 9.20906L10.7929 16.2091L12.2071 14.7948Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span></div><div class="bre-arrow bre-image-arrow _right"><span class="nuxt-icon tw-text-2xl tw-text-gray-3"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M19.2071 9.20906C19.5976 8.81854 19.5976 8.18537 19.2071 7.79485C18.8166 7.40432 18.1834 7.40432 17.7929 7.79485L19.2071 9.20906ZM11.5 15.502L10.7929 16.2091C11.1834 16.5996 11.8166 16.5996 12.2071 16.2091L11.5 15.502ZM5.20711 7.79485C4.81658 7.40432 4.18342 7.40432 3.79289 7.79485C3.40237 8.18537 3.40237 8.81854 3.79289 9.20906L5.20711 7.79485ZM17.7929 7.79485L10.7929 14.7948L12.2071 16.2091L19.2071 9.20906L17.7929 7.79485ZM12.2071 14.7948L5.20711 7.79485L3.79289 9.20906L10.7929 16.2091L12.2071 14.7948Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span></div></span></span><div class="bre-slider-dots"><button class="bre-slider-dot _current"></button><button class="bre-slider-dot"></button><button class="bre-slider-dot"></button><button class="bre-slider-dot"></button><button class="bre-slider-dot"></button><button class="bre-slider-dot"></button></div><div itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="itemListElement"><meta itemprop="name" content="Вид на Большой Кавказ из окрестностей г. 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Остров Кунашир (Курильские острова, Россия)"><meta itemprop="caption" content="Фумарольное плато вулкана Менделеева. Остров Кунашир (Курильские острова, Россия)."><meta itemprop="copyrightNotice" content="Владимир Горбатовский"><link itemprop="contentUrl" href="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=EDp0sxaH6CPhBvuv7o86Zw&filename=vault/69a43fbec963407994b33a3c9a83c961.webp&width=120"></div><div itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="itemListElement"><meta itemprop="name" content="Гейзер Шаман в кальдере вулкана Узон"><meta itemprop="caption" content="Гейзер Шаман в кальдере вулкана Узон (Камчатка, Россия)."><meta itemprop="copyrightNotice" content="Владимир Горбатовский"><link itemprop="contentUrl" href="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=8yMGEOJU_32cbIDV_Qd3Vg&filename=vault/4470d09ae2962b94f586aa494f3cc2d8.webp&width=120"></div></div></div><p>Экзогенные процессы происходят на поверхности Земли и в приповерхностной зоне земной коры в форме механического и физико-химического взаимодействия её с <a href="/c/gidrosfera-0bb8af" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">гидросферой</a>, <a href="/c/atmosfera-zemli-68ee43" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">атмосферой</a> и <a href="/c/biosfera-8f8959" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">биосферой</a>; эти процессы включают <a href="/c/vyvetrivanie-ad64cf" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">выветривание</a> (физическое, химическое, биологическое), <a href="/c/eroziia-v-geografii-8847c2" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">эрозию</a> (плоскостную, овражную, речную), <a href="/c/abraziia-48d06e" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">абразию</a>, <a href="/c/denudatsiia-5448bf" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">денудацию</a>, <a href="/c/karst-prirodnyi-protsess-e0073f" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">карст</a>, <a href="/c/suffoziia-4b029f" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">суффозию</a>, <a href="/c/sklonovye-protsessy-1031f0" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">склоновые процессы</a>, <a href="/c/eolovye-protsessy-e69fbe" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">эоловые процессы</a>, <a href="/c/solifliuktsiia-57750f" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">солифлюкцию</a>, <a href="/c/termokarst-030c83" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">термокарст</a> и др. </p><div><div class="bre-slider _note-exclude" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Collection https://schema.org/ItemList" itemprop="hasPart"><span class="bre-media-image _note-exclude _gallery" data-width="100%" data-display="block"><span class="bre-media-figure _note-exclude" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="image"><span class="bre-media-image-container"><meta itemprop="name" content="Скопление «каменных грибов» на крутом правом борту реки Чулышман, урочище Аккурум (Республика Алтай)"><meta itemprop="caption" content="Физическое выветривание. 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Скопление «каменных грибов» на крутом правом борту реки Чулышман, урочище Аккурум (Республика Алтай, Россия).</span><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Физическое выветривание. 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Т. 23"><link itemprop="contentUrl" href="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=-AQky4jDp5ZQq4zl6zaf3Q&filename=vault/e752c249a9228d630d6d8f255ec188f6.webp&width=120"></div></div></div><p>Происходящие на Земле геологические процессы – как эндогенные, так и экзогенные – производят очень большую геологическую работу, результатом их совместного действия является <a href="/c/rel-ef-c7d467" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">рельеф</a> Земли (эндогенные процессы определяют <a href="/c/morfostruktura-581b41" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">морфоструктуру</a>, а экзогенные – <a href="/c/morfoskul-ptura-b30634" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">морфоскульптуру</a> земной поверхности). Тектонические структуры, <a href="/c/magmaticheskie-gornye-porody-90faa6" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">магматические</a>, <a href="/c/metamorficheskie-gornye-porody-7a2917" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">метаморфические</a> и <a href="/c/metasomaticheskie-gornye-porody-608c8c" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">метасоматические</a> породы, <a href="/c/tektonity-a3012a" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">тектониты</a> образуются под действием эндогенных процессов. <a href="/c/osadochnye-gornye-porody-272be8" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Осадочные породы</a> – результат преобладающего действия экзогенных процессов, которые влияют на разрушение различных горных пород, перенос продуктов разрушения и накопление отложений, преобразующихся впоследствии в осадочные горные породы. С геологическими процессами связано формирование <a href="/c/endogennye-mestorozhdeniia-9a6f0a" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">эндогенных</a> и <a href="/c/ekzogennye-mestorozhdeniia-ef3c9c" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">экзогенных</a> месторождений полезных ископаемых. 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Корпус засыпан селевыми отложениями по 2 этаж"><meta itemprop="caption" content="Пансионат «Сагаан Дали» (Аршан, Бурятия), принявший на себя селевой поток в 2014. Корпус засыпан селевыми отложениями по 2 этаж."><meta itemprop="copyrightNotice" content="Виктория Катьянова / Фотобанк Лори"><link itemprop="contentUrl" href="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=MTzN5TcIibSaQqb0-9_ZEQ&filename=vault/ee7f8ae5783367800c4fabc7788f83d5.webp&width=120"></div><div itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="itemListElement"><meta itemprop="name" content="Камнепад на дороге между Акташем и Кураем (Республика Алтай, Россия)"><meta itemprop="caption" content="Камнепад на дороге между Акташем и Кураем (Республика Алтай, Россия). 2003."><meta itemprop="copyrightNotice" content="Алексей Еманов / Фотобанк Лори"><link itemprop="contentUrl" href="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=AxG-AZEOhZm2To2YXFI9eA&filename=vault/7814049b3b6d4cce8cff0566877edff6.webp&width=120"></div></div></div><p>Для изучения геологических процессов применяются геологическое и геоморфологическое картирование, горные работы, геофизические исследования, режимные наблюдения, экспериментальное моделирование и инженерно-геологические расчёты.</p><div title="Извержение грязевого вулкана. Апшеронский полуостров (Азербайджан)."><span class="bre-media-figure _note-exclude"><div class="bre-video-player" tabindex="0"><div itemscope itemprop="video" itemtype="https://schema.org/VideoObject"><meta itemprop="isFamilyFriendly" content="true"><meta itemprop="duration" content="PT29S"><div><meta itemprop="name" content="Извержение грязевого вулкана. Апшеронский полуостров (Азербайджан)"><meta itemprop="copyrightNotice" content="Film Studio Aves / Creatas Video / Getty Images"><meta itemprop="description" content="Извержение грязевого вулкана. Апшеронский полуостров (Азербайджан)."></div><div><link itemprop="thumbnail" href="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=-PqdN1Pc34SUP7wNmPV9xw&filename=vault/23eeaa6c4df4081789e458da3435bec4.webp&width=120"><link itemprop="thumbnailUrl" href="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=-PqdN1Pc34SUP7wNmPV9xw&filename=vault/23eeaa6c4df4081789e458da3435bec4.webp&width=120"><link itemprop="embedUrl" href="https://m.bigenc.ru/vault/15e413737a40e89ab390fec257d142ee.mp4#t=0"><meta itemprop="url" content="https://m.bigenc.ru/vault/15e413737a40e89ab390fec257d142ee.mp4#t=0"><meta itemprop="uploadDate" content="2023-05-23T16:08:36Z"><meta itemprop="bitrate" content="1482752"></div></div><div class="bre-video-player__placeholder tw-aspect-video tw-w-full"></div><button class="bre-video-player__play"></button><div class="bre-video-player__layer"><span class="bre-media-image _poster"><img src="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=-PqdN1Pc34SUP7wNmPV9xw&filename=vault/23eeaa6c4df4081789e458da3435bec4.webp&width=120" srcset="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=-PqdN1Pc34SUP7wNmPV9xw&filename=vault/23eeaa6c4df4081789e458da3435bec4.webp&width=120 120w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=3qaObpvschia0AHwD1tk6A&filename=vault/23eeaa6c4df4081789e458da3435bec4.webp&width=320 320w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=R-77KGXg_jCmxF41LP37nQ&filename=vault/23eeaa6c4df4081789e458da3435bec4.webp&width=480 480w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=B2mcGRaxrjqb5m3SQPoR1Q&filename=vault/23eeaa6c4df4081789e458da3435bec4.webp&width=640 640w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=orUNcJ6eY9YQb78V9ThfyA&filename=vault/23eeaa6c4df4081789e458da3435bec4.webp&width=768 768w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=pmc7U-0DI0xDyJ5Ljxdr-w&filename=vault/23eeaa6c4df4081789e458da3435bec4.webp&width=1024 1024w" alt="Извержение грязевого вулкана. Апшеронский полуостров (Азербайджан)" sizes="(max-width: 1023px) 100vw, 1024px" loading="lazy"></span></div></div><span class="bre-media-caption"><span class="bre-media-caption-content"><span class="bre-media-caption__text"><span data-v-tippy><span class="tw-line-clamp-3">Извержение грязевого вулкана. Апшеронский полуостров (Азербайджан).</span><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Извержение грязевого вулкана. Апшеронский полуостров (Азербайджан).</span></span></span></span></span><div class="bre-media-reference tw-mt-2"><span data-v-tippy><span class="tw-ml-0.5 tw-line-clamp-1 tw-cursor-default -text-body-2 tw-text-gray-2">Film Studio Aves / Creatas Video / Getty Images</span><span style="display:none;" class=""><span class="-text-caption-1 tw-inline-block tw-cursor-default tw-text-primary-white">Film Studio Aves / Creatas Video / Getty Images</span></span></span></div></span></span></div><p>Геологические процессы, протекавшие в геологическом прошлом, восстанавливают преимущественно по их результатам, запечатлевшимся в составе и строении земной коры (<a href="/c/kamennaia-letopis-efd777" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">каменная летопись</a>) или в изменениях рельефа. Большое значение для реконструкции процессов геологического прошлого также имеют наблюдения за современными геологическими процессами (<a href="/c/aktualisticheskii-metod-1807fa" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">актуалистический метод</a>).</p><span itemscope itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" class="-text-caption-2-italic tw-justify-end tw-mt-4 tw-mb-10 author _note-exclude"><a href="/a/ev-kalinin-e56863" class=""><span itemprop="name">Калинин Эрнест Валентинович</span></a></span></section></section></div><span class="bre-inline-menu _article-meta" style=""><meta itemprop="description" content="Геологи́ческие проце́ссы, процессы, изменяющие состав, структуру, рельеф и глубинное строение Земли. Выделяют эндогенные процессы, связанные с..."><span><span class="bre-inline-menu__item _article-meta max-md:tw-block">Опубликовано <span itemprop="datePublished">1 апреля 2024 г. в 10:59 (GMT+3). </span></span><span class="bre-inline-menu__item _article-meta max-md:tw-block"> Последнее обновление <span itemprop="dateModified">1 апреля 2024 г. в 10:59 (GMT+3).</span></span></span><span class="-flex-divider"></span><span class="bre-inline-menu__item tw-items-start"><button type="button" class="b-button tw-gap-2 b-button--link -text-button-text tw-rounded-lg tw-cursor-pointer" data-v-cfbedafc><span class="c-button__content" data-v-cfbedafc>Связаться с редакцией</span></button></span></span></div></div><div class="bre-tags-wrap"><span data-v-063d9480><a href="/l/geologicheskie-protsessy-d9e4be" class="bre-article-tag bre-article-tag__link _default _no-border" data-v-063d9480>#Геологические процессы</a></span><span data-v-063d9480><a href="/l/mineraloobrazuiushchie-protsessy-a40552" class="bre-article-tag bre-article-tag__link _default _no-border" data-v-063d9480>#Минералообразующие процессы</a></span><span data-v-063d9480><a href="/l/rel-efoobrazuiushchie-protsessy-798b36" class="bre-article-tag bre-article-tag__link _default _no-border" data-v-063d9480>#Рельефообразующие процессы</a></span><span data-v-063d9480><a href="/l/porodoobrazuiushchie-protsessy-325136" class="bre-article-tag bre-article-tag__link _default _no-border" data-v-063d9480>#Породообразующие процессы</a></span></div></div><aside class="bre-article-page__sidebar -show-on-desktop-s" style=""><div class="bre-article-page__sidebar-wrapper _loc"><div class="article-sidebar"><div class="article-sidebar-button -show-on-tablet -hide-on-desktop-s"><span class="article-sidebar-title">Информация</span><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-primary-black"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M6 9l6 6 6-6" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round"/></svg> </span><div class="article-sidebar-text -show-on-tablet -hide-on-desktop-s"></div></div><div class="article-sidebar-wrapper -hide-on-tablet"><span class="bre-media-image article-sidebar-image _note-exclude _clean" data-width="100%" data-display="block"><span class="bre-media-figure _note-exclude _clean" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="image"><span class="bre-media-image-container"><meta itemprop="name" content="Извержение вулкана Эрта-Але (тектоническая впадина Афар, Эфиопия)"><meta itemprop="caption" content="Извержение вулкана Эрта-Але (тектоническая впадина Афар, Эфиопия)."><meta itemprop="copyrightNotice" content="Rainer Albiez / PantherMedia / Фотобанк Лори"><span class="tw-flex tw-w-full" style=""><img src="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=WiEhTOYUDgAUQo6GIlzmSQ&filename=vault/85f8347e2548ef5255f8649d60108ff4.webp&width=120" onerror="this.setAttribute('data-error', 1)" alt="Извержение вулкана Эрта-Але (тектоническая впадина Афар, Эфиопия)" data-nuxt-img sizes="320px" srcset="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=WiEhTOYUDgAUQo6GIlzmSQ&filename=vault/85f8347e2548ef5255f8649d60108ff4.webp&width=120 120w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=ngdJPVokU6PZXG1kef38GQ&filename=vault/85f8347e2548ef5255f8649d60108ff4.webp&width=320 320w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=0mE8ZosAgbHhjrkyRQ3ZbA&filename=vault/85f8347e2548ef5255f8649d60108ff4.webp&width=480 480w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=hlav351nZncpuwjYxFcwSQ&filename=vault/85f8347e2548ef5255f8649d60108ff4.webp&width=640 640w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=p8o9OjzP4o0m8ZT-V3_tLA&filename=vault/85f8347e2548ef5255f8649d60108ff4.webp&width=768 768w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=yF5R90BhASWfgXGY3QsJ7A&filename=vault/85f8347e2548ef5255f8649d60108ff4.webp&width=1024 1024w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=F3i48iUfemDcJJieVG09Aw&filename=vault/85f8347e2548ef5255f8649d60108ff4.webp&width=1280 1280w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=_EesFgswc0TUrMkC5oWMhQ&filename=vault/85f8347e2548ef5255f8649d60108ff4.webp&width=1920 1920w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=4hX51vQw4gIN8FiKvX9pAg&filename=vault/85f8347e2548ef5255f8649d60108ff4.webp&width=3840 3840w" title="Извержение вулкана Эрта-Але (тектоническая впадина Афар, Эфиопия)" class="" itemprop="contentUrl"></span></span></span></span><div class="article-sidebar-meta"><dl class="tw-mt-0"><dt>Области знаний:</dt><dd>Геология, Геодинамика и строение Земли, Инженерная геодинамика</dd></dl></div></div></div></div></aside></div></article></div></div><div></div></main><footer class="bre-footer" itemscope itemprop="hasPart" itemtype="https://schema.org/WPFooter"><meta itemprop="copyrightNotice" content="&copy;&nbsp;АНО БРЭ, 2022&nbsp;&mdash;&nbsp;2024. 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CC BY-SA 2.0","https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/","Рифтогенез в Исландии. Западная рифтовая долина.","Исландия. Западная рифтовая долина",{"alt":672,"height":674,"src":675,"srcset":676,"title":672,"width":677},3456,"https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=izc1NsUVbrDWuGY08jnbKw&filename=vault/1243d488c1b08da991ad68354c128a8a.webp&width=120","https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=izc1NsUVbrDWuGY08jnbKw&filename=vault/1243d488c1b08da991ad68354c128a8a.webp&width=120 120w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=Il6ALABIsYI8aatCHnu4EQ&filename=vault/1243d488c1b08da991ad68354c128a8a.webp&width=320 320w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=JPnnSNWP0l9_xydwfPR0rg&filename=vault/1243d488c1b08da991ad68354c128a8a.webp&width=480 480w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=VRaJ7pdZUWDu7XCnDTLotA&filename=vault/1243d488c1b08da991ad68354c128a8a.webp&width=640 640w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=YsfT1Ly6VXIZhC95wLa8tA&filename=vault/1243d488c1b08da991ad68354c128a8a.webp&width=768 768w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=xNuBiLDybxvwbeipY7LZ9g&filename=vault/1243d488c1b08da991ad68354c128a8a.webp&width=1024 1024w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=OAQl28BPZEypWJkFDQ0BmA&filename=vault/1243d488c1b08da991ad68354c128a8a.webp&width=1280 1280w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=AfRhK9m1yclZx8SPgLYNxg&filename=vault/1243d488c1b08da991ad68354c128a8a.webp&width=1920 1920w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=hgCtkgmC48MNKbxq4cAZkA&filename=vault/1243d488c1b08da991ad68354c128a8a.webp&width=3840 3840w",5184,{"caption":679,"element":683},{"copyright":680,"text":681,"title":682},"Денис Свечников","Поднятие Большого Кавказа. Вид на горы из окрестностей г. Гянджа (Азербайджан).","Вид на Большой Кавказ из окрестностей г. Гянджа (Азербайджан)",{"alt":682,"height":684,"src":685,"srcset":686,"title":682,"width":687},3240,"https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=kDHBCU5g7YFK6a7_3C6LNg&filename=vault/a0f33eef9b85c6e8c9ee5602a60b0b0c.webp&width=120","https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=kDHBCU5g7YFK6a7_3C6LNg&filename=vault/a0f33eef9b85c6e8c9ee5602a60b0b0c.webp&width=120 120w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=K2iDb3QkOYM4gSd11cZidA&filename=vault/a0f33eef9b85c6e8c9ee5602a60b0b0c.webp&width=320 320w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=qlCRfBAvjw_R-DxmSrj04A&filename=vault/a0f33eef9b85c6e8c9ee5602a60b0b0c.webp&width=480 480w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=G-v4Z0yi6atByf-Wk2hvmA&filename=vault/a0f33eef9b85c6e8c9ee5602a60b0b0c.webp&width=640 640w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=hwV9DDNiZyDgbDNDX0bMTg&filename=vault/a0f33eef9b85c6e8c9ee5602a60b0b0c.webp&width=768 768w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=j_Cv1xRAI0eAbSOfKulvVA&filename=vault/a0f33eef9b85c6e8c9ee5602a60b0b0c.webp&width=1024 1024w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=sFfh5OoEysw5Xx6IADd7lg&filename=vault/a0f33eef9b85c6e8c9ee5602a60b0b0c.webp&width=1280 1280w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=509N2GrldKjZhlg8T8jjwA&filename=vault/a0f33eef9b85c6e8c9ee5602a60b0b0c.webp&width=1920 1920w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=I1OKZlND4hKjAfGeNn1QNA&filename=vault/a0f33eef9b85c6e8c9ee5602a60b0b0c.webp&width=3840 3840w",5760,{"caption":689,"element":693},{"copyright":690,"text":691,"title":692},"Алексей Еманов / Фотобанк Лори","Сейсморазрыв на водоразделе рек Елангаш и Ирбисту, Алтай. Чуйское землетрясение 27 сентября 2003, M = 7,3 (Республика Алтай, Россия).","Сейсморазрыв на водоразделе рек Елангаш и Ирбисту, Алтай. Чуйское землетрясение 27 сентября 2003, M = 7,3 (Республика Алтай, Россия)",{"alt":692,"height":694,"src":695,"srcset":696,"title":692,"width":697},1288,"https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=fp72fOjgFHNLdmKuMOA0bg&filename=vault/0f31f7d73934372b8f8792a8c851561d.webp&width=120","https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=fp72fOjgFHNLdmKuMOA0bg&filename=vault/0f31f7d73934372b8f8792a8c851561d.webp&width=120 120w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=u8S3aZW2L7UPBhkytRwn6g&filename=vault/0f31f7d73934372b8f8792a8c851561d.webp&width=320 320w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=5r0wmg85fgnIcTZ9VlkgOw&filename=vault/0f31f7d73934372b8f8792a8c851561d.webp&width=480 480w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=fbI4CZZRtWOAf4tgAj55fA&filename=vault/0f31f7d73934372b8f8792a8c851561d.webp&width=640 640w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=IvpdMgkbVef0yR_zif-ZXg&filename=vault/0f31f7d73934372b8f8792a8c851561d.webp&width=768 768w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=IJ0m7MqBTx-2l3dv8CMJag&filename=vault/0f31f7d73934372b8f8792a8c851561d.webp&width=1024 1024w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=XhQlCMlcArkauD7mDdd_Sg&filename=vault/0f31f7d73934372b8f8792a8c851561d.webp&width=1280 1280w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=cWcBpXoB4Ds_TeMeKVvRsA&filename=vault/0f31f7d73934372b8f8792a8c851561d.webp&width=1920 1920w",1708,{"caption":699,"element":703},{"copyright":700,"text":701,"title":702},"Сергей Краснощеков / Фотобанк Лори","Извержение вулкана Ключевская Сопка (Камчатский край, Россия). 2016.","Извержение вулкана Ключевская Сопка (Камчатский край, Россия)",{"alt":702,"height":704,"src":705,"srcset":706,"title":702,"width":707},1211,"https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=V_AVbrfEo1lVmHPSvdXXlw&filename=vault/014f58e5c60163fcc2d934535666241e.webp&width=120","https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=V_AVbrfEo1lVmHPSvdXXlw&filename=vault/014f58e5c60163fcc2d934535666241e.webp&width=120 120w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=YSSjbWyRMS314iqqfvVV6A&filename=vault/014f58e5c60163fcc2d934535666241e.webp&width=320 320w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=6X6oNNHm4A3LwrifVBKE0Q&filename=vault/014f58e5c60163fcc2d934535666241e.webp&width=480 480w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=GIaItPKaB8M1eQxANytb-A&filename=vault/014f58e5c60163fcc2d934535666241e.webp&width=640 640w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=ebRegbDe1naQwHo1s36B1A&filename=vault/014f58e5c60163fcc2d934535666241e.webp&width=768 768w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=j-atBjIbtWN3JaCSrQPTig&filename=vault/014f58e5c60163fcc2d934535666241e.webp&width=1024 1024w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=2EjOYezDJSpo9RESjU4FaQ&filename=vault/014f58e5c60163fcc2d934535666241e.webp&width=1280 1280w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=FOzkcuz0PE2YJrvsBcBM8Q&filename=vault/014f58e5c60163fcc2d934535666241e.webp&width=1920 1920w",1816,{"caption":709,"element":713},{"copyright":710,"text":711,"title":712},"Владимир Горбатовский","Фумарольное плато вулкана Менделеева. Остров Кунашир (Курильские острова, Россия).","Фумарольное плато вулкана Менделеева. Остров Кунашир (Курильские острова, Россия)",{"alt":712,"height":714,"src":715,"srcset":716,"title":712,"width":684},2160,"https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=EDp0sxaH6CPhBvuv7o86Zw&filename=vault/69a43fbec963407994b33a3c9a83c961.webp&width=120","https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=EDp0sxaH6CPhBvuv7o86Zw&filename=vault/69a43fbec963407994b33a3c9a83c961.webp&width=120 120w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=r0xqYd83Mhogs9hUnDp2nw&filename=vault/69a43fbec963407994b33a3c9a83c961.webp&width=320 320w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=uyEW7rnVa_iKZ2LXUvOY_A&filename=vault/69a43fbec963407994b33a3c9a83c961.webp&width=480 480w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=skB8YEZhPcIyihUh9bH3gg&filename=vault/69a43fbec963407994b33a3c9a83c961.webp&width=640 640w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=9IJp-jZtXRCbg0Tp0i-WdQ&filename=vault/69a43fbec963407994b33a3c9a83c961.webp&width=768 768w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=ymDbrZICufiBIIt8r-u78A&filename=vault/69a43fbec963407994b33a3c9a83c961.webp&width=1024 1024w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=8gvf8_Wal8sgNiQFM6cBEw&filename=vault/69a43fbec963407994b33a3c9a83c961.webp&width=1280 1280w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=2q2tj6-l6X4Pu6c_teftsw&filename=vault/69a43fbec963407994b33a3c9a83c961.webp&width=1920 1920w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=VX1zUAewayeheLV6zprzRw&filename=vault/69a43fbec963407994b33a3c9a83c961.webp&width=3840 3840w",{"caption":718,"element":721},{"copyright":710,"text":719,"title":720},"Гейзер Шаман в кальдере вулкана Узон (Камчатка, Россия).","Гейзер Шаман в кальдере вулкана Узон",{"alt":720,"height":714,"src":722,"srcset":723,"title":720,"width":724},"https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=8yMGEOJU_32cbIDV_Qd3Vg&filename=vault/4470d09ae2962b94f586aa494f3cc2d8.webp&width=120","https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=8yMGEOJU_32cbIDV_Qd3Vg&filename=vault/4470d09ae2962b94f586aa494f3cc2d8.webp&width=120 120w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=dLETSv3a8IYOYcAv2x9rig&filename=vault/4470d09ae2962b94f586aa494f3cc2d8.webp&width=320 320w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=kf8a6q0kIGDRPHK1gORXFQ&filename=vault/4470d09ae2962b94f586aa494f3cc2d8.webp&width=480 480w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=7l4KqT-vpRHF5ZgekUdyrw&filename=vault/4470d09ae2962b94f586aa494f3cc2d8.webp&width=640 640w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=r87WGpkMoD_oGW-ypClpAA&filename=vault/4470d09ae2962b94f586aa494f3cc2d8.webp&width=768 768w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=diAlEXlvnZ3jxPt1RDp_Gg&filename=vault/4470d09ae2962b94f586aa494f3cc2d8.webp&width=1024 1024w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=DqUbIQ3jw8PS4Sc5209TNQ&filename=vault/4470d09ae2962b94f586aa494f3cc2d8.webp&width=1280 1280w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=2DMeldn_SFI69H-9CZP2vg&filename=vault/4470d09ae2962b94f586aa494f3cc2d8.webp&width=1920 1920w",1440,{"caption":726,"element":730},{"copyright":727,"text":728,"title":729},"Сергей Семилеткин","Физическое выветривание. Скопление «каменных грибов» на крутом правом борту реки Чулышман, урочище Аккурум (Республика Алтай, Россия).","Скопление «каменных грибов» на крутом правом борту реки Чулышман, урочище Аккурум (Республика Алтай)",{"alt":729,"height":731,"src":732,"srcset":733,"title":729,"width":734},3744,"https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=jrwi3JtxFGhJkuMZW9hwoA&filename=vault/bbc70be7b6841747532f8608744d5266.webp&width=120","https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=jrwi3JtxFGhJkuMZW9hwoA&filename=vault/bbc70be7b6841747532f8608744d5266.webp&width=120 120w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=NCmZ2JZiELLKIXqYdsOQLw&filename=vault/bbc70be7b6841747532f8608744d5266.webp&width=320 320w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=InxbH3ku3wEU8t1CqqM__Q&filename=vault/bbc70be7b6841747532f8608744d5266.webp&width=480 480w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=HZTaPMZr4eZmid3PWB3kZg&filename=vault/bbc70be7b6841747532f8608744d5266.webp&width=640 640w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=SZAFJEyxP_CboqHmxMAEWw&filename=vault/bbc70be7b6841747532f8608744d5266.webp&width=768 768w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=nWtFHP2FGW3-Oi73netDBA&filename=vault/bbc70be7b6841747532f8608744d5266.webp&width=1024 1024w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=F0U3zx-8RRMp2-5pJkCuTA&filename=vault/bbc70be7b6841747532f8608744d5266.webp&width=1280 1280w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=-Z8B4hP4u3rWu2gl7Dn_yQ&filename=vault/bbc70be7b6841747532f8608744d5266.webp&width=1920 1920w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=_zgnrvay9rI5kGID7fc3ng&filename=vault/bbc70be7b6841747532f8608744d5266.webp&width=3840 3840w",5616,{"caption":736,"element":740},{"copyright":737,"text":738,"title":739},"Сергей Смирнов / Decor Photo Collection / Национальный фотоархив GeoPhoto.ru","Овражная эрозия в районе Донского Белогорья (Воронежская область, Россия).","Овражная эрозия в районе Донского Белогорья (Воронежская область, Россия)",{"alt":739,"height":741,"src":742,"srcset":743,"title":739,"width":744},2592,"https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=blOy7OqkVupauPCqpf4sSQ&filename=vault/8acc0562fd644c63bcbed60e456451f6.webp&width=120","https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=blOy7OqkVupauPCqpf4sSQ&filename=vault/8acc0562fd644c63bcbed60e456451f6.webp&width=120 120w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=slw_sL3bmOSVgAQ6snl5vw&filename=vault/8acc0562fd644c63bcbed60e456451f6.webp&width=320 320w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=aHdM2ub8PeWHyYyUXATTnA&filename=vault/8acc0562fd644c63bcbed60e456451f6.webp&width=480 480w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=d7GSvjMmFPBDtynF6tMQng&filename=vault/8acc0562fd644c63bcbed60e456451f6.webp&width=640 640w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=AGB7fOAdYRcIO6E0gDIrig&filename=vault/8acc0562fd644c63bcbed60e456451f6.webp&width=768 768w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=kHHiu31qB5OoWhikhJ25tQ&filename=vault/8acc0562fd644c63bcbed60e456451f6.webp&width=1024 1024w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=ikLlTQduOwO83lbAvmvdqQ&filename=vault/8acc0562fd644c63bcbed60e456451f6.webp&width=1280 1280w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=1tgdhLfatTIJVvx_icGovg&filename=vault/8acc0562fd644c63bcbed60e456451f6.webp&width=1920 1920w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=EYtpy1WkVW0e0DwmxwwNDQ&filename=vault/8acc0562fd644c63bcbed60e456451f6.webp&width=3840 3840w",3888,{"caption":746,"element":749},{"copyright":680,"text":747,"title":748},"Речная эрозия. Каньон Окаце (Имерети, Грузия).","Речная эрозия. Каньон Окаце (Имерети, Грузия)",{"alt":748,"height":750,"src":751,"srcset":752,"title":748,"width":687},3840,"https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=2qO1MC6TqyERKHawpkm_cA&filename=vault/928ced686cee0e01b09b619bc0d3d28b.webp&width=120","https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=2qO1MC6TqyERKHawpkm_cA&filename=vault/928ced686cee0e01b09b619bc0d3d28b.webp&width=120 120w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=RKOgZo4udSr_5bgqZ-M7hQ&filename=vault/928ced686cee0e01b09b619bc0d3d28b.webp&width=320 320w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=m2uZzjj-3C7grgBtNKCE2g&filename=vault/928ced686cee0e01b09b619bc0d3d28b.webp&width=480 480w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=5Yj9IKVl1M_FE7y8yLK8TA&filename=vault/928ced686cee0e01b09b619bc0d3d28b.webp&width=640 640w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=nrYXX9kp4Ab_QhSCFMbcug&filename=vault/928ced686cee0e01b09b619bc0d3d28b.webp&width=768 768w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=SCIHmBCi96pd0KZY3ltqxw&filename=vault/928ced686cee0e01b09b619bc0d3d28b.webp&width=1024 1024w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=pr0qMsBuHeBJ94PUUhWpsw&filename=vault/928ced686cee0e01b09b619bc0d3d28b.webp&width=1280 1280w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=Jw1JugnQto53KJv5xlVU8g&filename=vault/928ced686cee0e01b09b619bc0d3d28b.webp&width=1920 1920w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=ipqdbx_o_hGO_Jt1s6NCtg&filename=vault/928ced686cee0e01b09b619bc0d3d28b.webp&width=3840 3840w",{"caption":754,"element":758},{"copyright":755,"text":756,"title":757},"Штрик Вадим / Национальный фотоархив GeoPhoto.ru","Абразия. Берег Баренцева моря Северного Ледовитого океана (Мурманская область, Россия).","Абразионный берег Баренцева моря Северного Ледовитого океана (Мурманская область, Россия)",{"alt":757,"height":731,"src":759,"srcset":760,"title":757,"width":761},"https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=W_dUl9S64N4N7QDUXvOAaw&filename=vault/99ff44c6de9ff5f84a887347ab95408b.webp&width=120","https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=W_dUl9S64N4N7QDUXvOAaw&filename=vault/99ff44c6de9ff5f84a887347ab95408b.webp&width=120 120w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=sArhnqBk_gWoYlkS3ggopw&filename=vault/99ff44c6de9ff5f84a887347ab95408b.webp&width=320 320w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=1le7vjAia9QntOIwzU51VA&filename=vault/99ff44c6de9ff5f84a887347ab95408b.webp&width=480 480w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=M573d3t5JjbSTnTnNZYhBw&filename=vault/99ff44c6de9ff5f84a887347ab95408b.webp&width=640 640w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=rXYmPiq8fknPlU-_m6cjrA&filename=vault/99ff44c6de9ff5f84a887347ab95408b.webp&width=768 768w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=d31ExMaQOtZ5s063CKAhVQ&filename=vault/99ff44c6de9ff5f84a887347ab95408b.webp&width=1024 1024w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=79G8lINGSeTxxtH4EMK73g&filename=vault/99ff44c6de9ff5f84a887347ab95408b.webp&width=1280 1280w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=pGpAFzonN-5v71dF14Sszw&filename=vault/99ff44c6de9ff5f84a887347ab95408b.webp&width=1920 1920w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=JCvgyy7XhqP0vB7QZc20gg&filename=vault/99ff44c6de9ff5f84a887347ab95408b.webp&width=3840 3840w",5436,{"caption":763,"element":767},{"copyright":764,"text":765,"title":766},"DAVID PARKER/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY / legion-media.ru","Карстовая воронка, Пелопоннес (Греция).\n","Карстовая воронка, Пелопоннес (Греция)",{"alt":766,"height":768,"src":769,"srcset":770,"title":766,"width":771},4828,"https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=6CIyBGX89n5wJuQDGr85HA&filename=vault/3a40a3329b74213402ca3d335bbccd5a.webp&width=120","https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=6CIyBGX89n5wJuQDGr85HA&filename=vault/3a40a3329b74213402ca3d335bbccd5a.webp&width=120 120w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=jJwqqosL5f8QCsGV82PYxw&filename=vault/3a40a3329b74213402ca3d335bbccd5a.webp&width=320 320w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=b84C31ToW9MjhJMtFC53zA&filename=vault/3a40a3329b74213402ca3d335bbccd5a.webp&width=480 480w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=wZhelsneTqWJ0XCGUtSvXA&filename=vault/3a40a3329b74213402ca3d335bbccd5a.webp&width=640 640w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=-IlJBBjyevxqU_d30Lfg-A&filename=vault/3a40a3329b74213402ca3d335bbccd5a.webp&width=768 768w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=dsCr4gtkBupvkjSqZvezLg&filename=vault/3a40a3329b74213402ca3d335bbccd5a.webp&width=1024 1024w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=ABrNHt2iOXIhwSNXOY210w&filename=vault/3a40a3329b74213402ca3d335bbccd5a.webp&width=1280 1280w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=q5pRPrTyyiblKroFrhRZ_g&filename=vault/3a40a3329b74213402ca3d335bbccd5a.webp&width=1920 1920w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=4eKL0zFjX0fBTItVHMqkQg&filename=vault/3a40a3329b74213402ca3d335bbccd5a.webp&width=3840 3840w",7234,{"caption":773,"element":777},{"copyright":774,"text":775,"title":776},"Алексей Кирмасов","Склоновые процессы. Обвально-осыпные накопления в основании уступа Главной гряды Крымских гор. Окрестности Байдарского перевала (Крым, Россия).","Обвально-осыпные накопления в основании уступа Главной гряды Крымских гор. Окрестности Байдарского перевала (Крым)",{"alt":776,"height":778,"src":779,"srcset":780,"title":776,"width":781},3024,"https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=1EURfOIe3HUm4FHqrqMOEw&filename=vault/1b6675589d1df685a26be1714271ee06.webp&width=120","https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=1EURfOIe3HUm4FHqrqMOEw&filename=vault/1b6675589d1df685a26be1714271ee06.webp&width=120 120w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=4julh2clIWECLzsddXUdwg&filename=vault/1b6675589d1df685a26be1714271ee06.webp&width=320 320w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=tLJCf41xMJXtL_yJX1Gb0A&filename=vault/1b6675589d1df685a26be1714271ee06.webp&width=480 480w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=FAAtqQf4WW-S8lmYeDal6Q&filename=vault/1b6675589d1df685a26be1714271ee06.webp&width=640 640w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=hKA6t2KZHLvY50kCRKnzRw&filename=vault/1b6675589d1df685a26be1714271ee06.webp&width=768 768w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=5Yig8fuatW__YXNmJYU-Jg&filename=vault/1b6675589d1df685a26be1714271ee06.webp&width=1024 1024w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=3gZ4ikzDx8E6NW9ngUIgxA&filename=vault/1b6675589d1df685a26be1714271ee06.webp&width=1280 1280w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=ySarAYfcVBC7aUnG9UBgzQ&filename=vault/1b6675589d1df685a26be1714271ee06.webp&width=1920 1920w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=2r9vX5ocNYAx82NNu9rWTQ&filename=vault/1b6675589d1df685a26be1714271ee06.webp&width=3840 3840w",4032,{"caption":783,"element":788},{"copyright":784,"copyrightLink":785,"text":786,"title":787},"distantranges, flickr.com. CC BY-NC 2.0","https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/","Эоловые процессы. Песчаная гряда. Чарские пески, национальный парк Кодар (Забайкальский край, Россия).","Чарские пески, национальный парк Кодар (Забайкальский край, Россия)",{"alt":787,"height":789,"src":790,"srcset":791,"title":787,"width":792},600,"https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=y9HjjmXJDDpAEGHlKA-PAQ&filename=vault/99c0a9ae80cae4223803ba1829eab9d2.webp&width=120","https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=y9HjjmXJDDpAEGHlKA-PAQ&filename=vault/99c0a9ae80cae4223803ba1829eab9d2.webp&width=120 120w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=0HbdkoVgFvCh2pHwUKR1NA&filename=vault/99c0a9ae80cae4223803ba1829eab9d2.webp&width=320 320w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=ia59QFKFJxH9ULQYrihssA&filename=vault/99c0a9ae80cae4223803ba1829eab9d2.webp&width=480 480w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=uCj_18K5YGWhyMgno8SZyg&filename=vault/99c0a9ae80cae4223803ba1829eab9d2.webp&width=640 640w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=ilWxvukF0IQj2fwYm3E1eg&filename=vault/99c0a9ae80cae4223803ba1829eab9d2.webp&width=768 768w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=uE_l8l4HFnMfbplafbsLDA&filename=vault/99c0a9ae80cae4223803ba1829eab9d2.webp&width=1024 1024w",800,{"caption":794,"element":799},{"copyright":795,"copyrightLink":796,"text":797,"title":798},"Richard Droker, flickr.com. CC BY-NC-ND 2.0","https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/","Солифлюкция.","Солифлюкция",{"alt":798,"height":800,"src":801,"srcset":802,"title":798,"width":803},1080,"https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=Cx6o26DlBQIVOA4C6WqcbA&filename=vault/642ca9ecb66744dd706595af35be337b.webp&width=120","https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=Cx6o26DlBQIVOA4C6WqcbA&filename=vault/642ca9ecb66744dd706595af35be337b.webp&width=120 120w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=-9rKImeWAuSZKmvEEvf0qA&filename=vault/642ca9ecb66744dd706595af35be337b.webp&width=320 320w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=INO6pzrm7MuOJLbKHMWsXw&filename=vault/642ca9ecb66744dd706595af35be337b.webp&width=480 480w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=-x2kjkWU6VBsLgT_WE-0yw&filename=vault/642ca9ecb66744dd706595af35be337b.webp&width=640 640w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=Vujnt36VPtkHVqNuS-SZ9Q&filename=vault/642ca9ecb66744dd706595af35be337b.webp&width=768 768w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=KuhNKEMmG4EI0nl2ulzZPg&filename=vault/642ca9ecb66744dd706595af35be337b.webp&width=1024 1024w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=vqrajeEFq4JbxC5_2c2l2g&filename=vault/642ca9ecb66744dd706595af35be337b.webp&width=1280 1280w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=wsFSMPZy264exTgF11P23g&filename=vault/642ca9ecb66744dd706595af35be337b.webp&width=1920 1920w",1920,{"caption":805,"element":809},{"copyright":806,"text":807,"title":808},"Дмитрий Соловьёв. БРЭ. Т. 23","Термокарстовые озёра на севере Республики Коми (Россия). \n","Термокарстовые озёра на севере Республики Коми",{"alt":808,"height":810,"src":811,"srcset":812,"title":808,"width":813},2472,"https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=-AQky4jDp5ZQq4zl6zaf3Q&filename=vault/e752c249a9228d630d6d8f255ec188f6.webp&width=120","https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=-AQky4jDp5ZQq4zl6zaf3Q&filename=vault/e752c249a9228d630d6d8f255ec188f6.webp&width=120 120w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=c7Zy_3Pf51KU2iGS3eBmZA&filename=vault/e752c249a9228d630d6d8f255ec188f6.webp&width=320 320w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=Xt6oQH1zZun4NUFKDyRIMg&filename=vault/e752c249a9228d630d6d8f255ec188f6.webp&width=480 480w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=zZ4ladOoRNm24l2EfLDx6w&filename=vault/e752c249a9228d630d6d8f255ec188f6.webp&width=640 640w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=TVowns8R95dIdFZs1kIdbQ&filename=vault/e752c249a9228d630d6d8f255ec188f6.webp&width=768 768w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=INxPm-4dpCEubSclZNm4Rw&filename=vault/e752c249a9228d630d6d8f255ec188f6.webp&width=1024 1024w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=TIj_aKCFSH42YqSDlSRVJw&filename=vault/e752c249a9228d630d6d8f255ec188f6.webp&width=1280 1280w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=s0gg14o4dxh7DmW_iMGIHQ&filename=vault/e752c249a9228d630d6d8f255ec188f6.webp&width=1920 1920w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=hV4vmioRvNoxy3LWh1evzw&filename=vault/e752c249a9228d630d6d8f255ec188f6.webp&width=3840 3840w",2336,{"caption":815,"element":819},{"copyright":816,"copyrightLink":796,"text":817,"title":818},"United Nations Development Programme, flickr.com. CC BY-NC-ND 2.0","Последствия землетрясения (г. Порт-о-Пренс, Гаити). 2010.","Последствия землетрясения (г. Порт-о-Пренс, Гаити). 2010",{"alt":818,"height":820,"src":821,"srcset":822,"title":818,"width":823},2000,"https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=Ev1YbbbQQyDv8qvLxXkeyw&filename=vault/d1f7f05f6435cbe7dc1c23214c0a8ffe.webp&width=120","https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=Ev1YbbbQQyDv8qvLxXkeyw&filename=vault/d1f7f05f6435cbe7dc1c23214c0a8ffe.webp&width=120 120w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=H5P4_7FejymsM2uPI9ZBTQ&filename=vault/d1f7f05f6435cbe7dc1c23214c0a8ffe.webp&width=320 320w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=BySusaYlBA4sCKLCacY5ng&filename=vault/d1f7f05f6435cbe7dc1c23214c0a8ffe.webp&width=480 480w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=12RJ1Tn3NDNHhymHQWHXmQ&filename=vault/d1f7f05f6435cbe7dc1c23214c0a8ffe.webp&width=640 640w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=DlLH0Yx8Vd2joF1pfRMOPg&filename=vault/d1f7f05f6435cbe7dc1c23214c0a8ffe.webp&width=768 768w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=h9bifbUvtffHtPRlXbytTA&filename=vault/d1f7f05f6435cbe7dc1c23214c0a8ffe.webp&width=1024 1024w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=5rDD-FP9fQbh3JSnqGlUaA&filename=vault/d1f7f05f6435cbe7dc1c23214c0a8ffe.webp&width=1280 1280w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=X2iqlS9BYj8nGv-paEBvFw&filename=vault/d1f7f05f6435cbe7dc1c23214c0a8ffe.webp&width=1920 1920w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=1-_mZK7u1x3BUC1VyOFvww&filename=vault/d1f7f05f6435cbe7dc1c23214c0a8ffe.webp&width=3840 3840w",3000,{"caption":825,"element":828},{"copyright":774,"text":826,"title":827},"Большой Демерджинский обвал 1894, затем 1966 (Крым, Россия). ","Большой Демерджинский обвал (Крым)",{"alt":827,"height":829,"src":830,"srcset":831,"title":827,"width":832},1520,"https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=2LjKNgoKyHoXsl9ALMPUmQ&filename=vault/97da9d0134f97f70f57682d746d80953.webp&width=120","https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=2LjKNgoKyHoXsl9ALMPUmQ&filename=vault/97da9d0134f97f70f57682d746d80953.webp&width=120 120w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=w0HZFhT_pn5vQGhaTx9lYQ&filename=vault/97da9d0134f97f70f57682d746d80953.webp&width=320 320w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=Sk2tSxdfSdPGyhc2PsWGDQ&filename=vault/97da9d0134f97f70f57682d746d80953.webp&width=480 480w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=dERx4NTn39DQ7BnMXeeYxg&filename=vault/97da9d0134f97f70f57682d746d80953.webp&width=640 640w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=CONCxA5smzw6NZaJt2yC1w&filename=vault/97da9d0134f97f70f57682d746d80953.webp&width=768 768w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=2ytLVQCu8sKjjmJxKkqXTA&filename=vault/97da9d0134f97f70f57682d746d80953.webp&width=1024 1024w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=YhKZbTUof7RkqThsKzLaqQ&filename=vault/97da9d0134f97f70f57682d746d80953.webp&width=1280 1280w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=jkB_ikq5pQRu1F8qXYWUiw&filename=vault/97da9d0134f97f70f57682d746d80953.webp&width=1920 1920w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=0tQ-VFTmHwYHI1Om8Rrkcw&filename=vault/97da9d0134f97f70f57682d746d80953.webp&width=3840 3840w",2272,{"caption":834,"element":838},{"copyright":835,"text":836,"title":837},"Николай Мухорин / Фотобанк Лори","Учкуевский оползень (Севастополь, Россия). 2019.","Учкуевский оползень (Севастополь, Россия). 2019",{"alt":837,"height":704,"src":839,"srcset":840,"title":837,"width":707},"https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=kYvT4X5MFsqf0p4kS260Pg&filename=vault/ced727ef5be3d5ff0432c29001fe955f.webp&width=120","https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=kYvT4X5MFsqf0p4kS260Pg&filename=vault/ced727ef5be3d5ff0432c29001fe955f.webp&width=120 120w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=8KStBT0XbmhOXr0zf4ULDQ&filename=vault/ced727ef5be3d5ff0432c29001fe955f.webp&width=320 320w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=CkmQXDNY5ONuxBXYplU2PQ&filename=vault/ced727ef5be3d5ff0432c29001fe955f.webp&width=480 480w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=idIi6XlwLCGdiT-U08K8jw&filename=vault/ced727ef5be3d5ff0432c29001fe955f.webp&width=640 640w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=xhxZq1jmUg7htVVMESSHwg&filename=vault/ced727ef5be3d5ff0432c29001fe955f.webp&width=768 768w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=1RgrmQlqulV8wBBnd69FMQ&filename=vault/ced727ef5be3d5ff0432c29001fe955f.webp&width=1024 1024w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=uxKHErZbUBvu06sEdj0foA&filename=vault/ced727ef5be3d5ff0432c29001fe955f.webp&width=1280 1280w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=Ka9buLCEX3d25Di-6Dotpg&filename=vault/ced727ef5be3d5ff0432c29001fe955f.webp&width=1920 1920w",{"caption":842,"element":846},{"copyright":843,"text":844,"title":845},"Виктория Катьянова / Фотобанк Лори","Пансионат «Сагаан Дали» (Аршан, Бурятия), принявший на себя селевой поток в 2014. Корпус засыпан селевыми отложениями по 2 этаж.","Пансионат «Сагаан Дали» (Аршан, Бурятия), принявший на себя селевой поток в 2014. 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