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d="M18.2363 4.12686C18.2363 3.43651 18.796 2.87686 19.4863 2.87686C20.1767 2.87686 20.7363 3.43651 20.7363 4.12686C20.7363 4.81722 20.1767 5.37686 19.4863 5.37686C18.796 5.37686 18.2363 4.81722 18.2363 4.12686ZM19.4863 1.37686C17.9675 1.37686 16.7363 2.60808 16.7363 4.12686C16.7363 4.43206 16.786 4.72564 16.8778 4.99996H7C4.79086 4.99996 3 6.79082 3 8.99996V19C3 21.2091 4.79086 23 7 23H17C19.2091 23 21 21.2091 21 19V8.99996C21 8.16642 20.745 7.39244 20.3089 6.75173C21.4258 6.40207 22.2363 5.35911 22.2363 4.12686C22.2363 2.60808 21.0051 1.37686 19.4863 1.37686ZM7 6.49996H16.6319L14.6964 8.43547C14.4035 8.72837 14.4035 9.20324 14.6964 9.49613C14.9893 9.78903 15.4641 9.78903 15.757 9.49613L18.3547 6.89846C19.0438 7.34362 19.5 8.11852 19.5 8.99996V19C19.5 20.3807 18.3807 21.5 17 21.5H7C5.61929 21.5 4.5 20.3807 4.5 19V8.99996C4.5 7.61924 5.61929 6.49996 7 6.49996ZM9.25 12C9.25 11.5857 9.58579 11.25 10 11.25H12H14C14.4142 11.25 14.75 11.5857 14.75 12C14.75 12.4142 14.4142 12.75 14 12.75H12H10C9.58579 12.75 9.25 12.4142 9.25 12ZM9.25 17C9.25 16.5857 9.58579 16.25 10 16.25H12H14C14.4142 16.25 14.75 16.5857 14.75 17C14.75 17.4142 14.4142 17.75 14 17.75H12H10C9.58579 17.75 9.25 17.4142 9.25 17Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span><span class="bre-article-menu__list-item-text tw-hidden md:max-lg:tw-inline">Аннотация</span></a><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Аннотация</span></span></span><a href="/c/zemlia-b173fe/annotation" class="bre-article-menu__list-item tw-mx-auto tw-flex lg:tw-hidden"><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-gray-1"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M18.2363 4.12686C18.2363 3.43651 18.796 2.87686 19.4863 2.87686C20.1767 2.87686 20.7363 3.43651 20.7363 4.12686C20.7363 4.81722 20.1767 5.37686 19.4863 5.37686C18.796 5.37686 18.2363 4.81722 18.2363 4.12686ZM19.4863 1.37686C17.9675 1.37686 16.7363 2.60808 16.7363 4.12686C16.7363 4.43206 16.786 4.72564 16.8778 4.99996H7C4.79086 4.99996 3 6.79082 3 8.99996V19C3 21.2091 4.79086 23 7 23H17C19.2091 23 21 21.2091 21 19V8.99996C21 8.16642 20.745 7.39244 20.3089 6.75173C21.4258 6.40207 22.2363 5.35911 22.2363 4.12686C22.2363 2.60808 21.0051 1.37686 19.4863 1.37686ZM7 6.49996H16.6319L14.6964 8.43547C14.4035 8.72837 14.4035 9.20324 14.6964 9.49613C14.9893 9.78903 15.4641 9.78903 15.757 9.49613L18.3547 6.89846C19.0438 7.34362 19.5 8.11852 19.5 8.99996V19C19.5 20.3807 18.3807 21.5 17 21.5H7C5.61929 21.5 4.5 20.3807 4.5 19V8.99996C4.5 7.61924 5.61929 6.49996 7 6.49996ZM9.25 12C9.25 11.5857 9.58579 11.25 10 11.25H12H14C14.4142 11.25 14.75 11.5857 14.75 12C14.75 12.4142 14.4142 12.75 14 12.75H12H10C9.58579 12.75 9.25 12.4142 9.25 12ZM9.25 17C9.25 16.5857 9.58579 16.25 10 16.25H12H14C14.4142 16.25 14.75 16.5857 14.75 17C14.75 17.4142 14.4142 17.75 14 17.75H12H10C9.58579 17.75 9.25 17.4142 9.25 17Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span><span class="bre-article-menu__list-item-text tw-hidden md:max-lg:tw-inline">Аннотация</span></a></div><div class="tw-grow tw-basis-0 max-md:tw-max-w-[80px]"><span data-v-tippy class="tw-mx-auto tw-hidden lg:tw-flex"><a href="/c/zemlia-b173fe/media" class="bre-article-menu__list-item"><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-gray-1"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M17 4H7C5.61929 4 4.5 5.11929 4.5 6.5V17.5C4.5 18.1033 4.71367 18.6566 5.06946 19.0885L15.6829 8.95748C15.8374 8.81003 16.0474 8.73542 16.2603 8.75237C16.4732 8.76931 16.6687 8.87621 16.7979 9.04625L19.5 12.6023V6.5C19.5 5.11929 18.3807 4 17 4ZM19.5 15.0592C19.465 15.0278 19.4324 14.9926 19.4028 14.9538L16.1114 10.6221L6.37067 19.9201C6.57173 19.9723 6.78263 20 7 20H17C18.3807 20 19.5 18.8807 19.5 17.5V15.0592ZM7 2.5C4.79086 2.5 3 4.29086 3 6.5V17.5C3 19.7091 4.79086 21.5 7 21.5H17C19.2091 21.5 21 19.7091 21 17.5V6.5C21 4.29086 19.2091 2.5 17 2.5H7ZM9.20078 7.25C8.51042 7.25 7.95078 7.80964 7.95078 8.5C7.95078 9.19036 8.51042 9.75 9.20078 9.75C9.89113 9.75 10.4508 9.19036 10.4508 8.5C10.4508 7.80964 9.89113 7.25 9.20078 7.25ZM6.45078 8.5C6.45078 6.98122 7.68199 5.75 9.20078 5.75C10.7196 5.75 11.9508 6.98122 11.9508 8.5C11.9508 10.0188 10.7196 11.25 9.20078 11.25C7.68199 11.25 6.45078 10.0188 6.45078 8.5Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span><span class="bre-article-menu__list-item-text tw-hidden md:max-lg:tw-inline">Медиа</span></a><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Медиа</span></span></span><a href="/c/zemlia-b173fe/media" class="bre-article-menu__list-item tw-mx-auto tw-flex lg:tw-hidden"><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-gray-1"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M17 4H7C5.61929 4 4.5 5.11929 4.5 6.5V17.5C4.5 18.1033 4.71367 18.6566 5.06946 19.0885L15.6829 8.95748C15.8374 8.81003 16.0474 8.73542 16.2603 8.75237C16.4732 8.76931 16.6687 8.87621 16.7979 9.04625L19.5 12.6023V6.5C19.5 5.11929 18.3807 4 17 4ZM19.5 15.0592C19.465 15.0278 19.4324 14.9926 19.4028 14.9538L16.1114 10.6221L6.37067 19.9201C6.57173 19.9723 6.78263 20 7 20H17C18.3807 20 19.5 18.8807 19.5 17.5V15.0592ZM7 2.5C4.79086 2.5 3 4.29086 3 6.5V17.5C3 19.7091 4.79086 21.5 7 21.5H17C19.2091 21.5 21 19.7091 21 17.5V6.5C21 4.29086 19.2091 2.5 17 2.5H7ZM9.20078 7.25C8.51042 7.25 7.95078 7.80964 7.95078 8.5C7.95078 9.19036 8.51042 9.75 9.20078 9.75C9.89113 9.75 10.4508 9.19036 10.4508 8.5C10.4508 7.80964 9.89113 7.25 9.20078 7.25ZM6.45078 8.5C6.45078 6.98122 7.68199 5.75 9.20078 5.75C10.7196 5.75 11.9508 6.98122 11.9508 8.5C11.9508 10.0188 10.7196 11.25 9.20078 11.25C7.68199 11.25 6.45078 10.0188 6.45078 8.5Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span><span class="bre-article-menu__list-item-text tw-hidden md:max-lg:tw-inline">Медиа</span></a></div><div class="tw-grow tw-basis-0 max-md:tw-max-w-[80px]"><span data-v-tippy class="tw-mx-auto tw-hidden lg:tw-flex"><a href="/c/zemlia-b173fe/references" class="bre-article-menu__list-item"><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-gray-1"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M5 3.25C3.48122 3.25 2.25 4.48122 2.25 6V16.1667C2.25 17.6854 3.48122 18.9167 5 18.9167H9.3C9.80519 18.9167 10.2974 19.1269 10.6662 19.5139C11.0362 19.9022 11.25 20.4361 11.25 21C11.25 21.4142 11.5858 21.75 12 21.75C12.4142 21.75 12.75 21.4142 12.75 21C12.75 20.4227 12.9564 19.8833 13.3026 19.4973C13.6464 19.114 14.0941 18.9167 14.5412 18.9167H19C20.5188 18.9167 21.75 17.6855 21.75 16.1667V6C21.75 4.48122 20.5188 3.25 19 3.25H15.3882C14.2627 3.25 13.2022 3.74922 12.4341 4.60572C12.266 4.79308 12.1147 4.99431 11.9809 5.20674C11.8358 4.98777 11.6713 4.78092 11.4885 4.58908C10.6758 3.73626 9.56568 3.25 8.4 3.25H5ZM12.75 17.993C13.2735 17.6237 13.8929 17.4167 14.5412 17.4167H19C19.6904 17.4167 20.25 16.857 20.25 16.1667V6C20.25 5.30964 19.6904 4.75 19 4.75H15.3882C14.7165 4.75 14.0534 5.04681 13.5507 5.60725C13.0457 6.17037 12.75 6.95001 12.75 7.77778V17.993ZM11.25 18.0438V7.77778C11.25 6.96341 10.9414 6.18924 10.4026 5.62389C9.86506 5.05976 9.14388 4.75 8.4 4.75H5C4.30964 4.75 3.75 5.30964 3.75 6V16.1667C3.75 16.857 4.30964 17.4167 5 17.4167H9.3C10.0044 17.4167 10.6825 17.64 11.25 18.0438Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span><span class="bre-article-menu__list-item-text tw-hidden md:max-lg:tw-inline">Библиография</span></a><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Библиография</span></span></span><a href="/c/zemlia-b173fe/references" class="bre-article-menu__list-item tw-mx-auto tw-flex lg:tw-hidden"><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-gray-1"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M5 3.25C3.48122 3.25 2.25 4.48122 2.25 6V16.1667C2.25 17.6854 3.48122 18.9167 5 18.9167H9.3C9.80519 18.9167 10.2974 19.1269 10.6662 19.5139C11.0362 19.9022 11.25 20.4361 11.25 21C11.25 21.4142 11.5858 21.75 12 21.75C12.4142 21.75 12.75 21.4142 12.75 21C12.75 20.4227 12.9564 19.8833 13.3026 19.4973C13.6464 19.114 14.0941 18.9167 14.5412 18.9167H19C20.5188 18.9167 21.75 17.6855 21.75 16.1667V6C21.75 4.48122 20.5188 3.25 19 3.25H15.3882C14.2627 3.25 13.2022 3.74922 12.4341 4.60572C12.266 4.79308 12.1147 4.99431 11.9809 5.20674C11.8358 4.98777 11.6713 4.78092 11.4885 4.58908C10.6758 3.73626 9.56568 3.25 8.4 3.25H5ZM12.75 17.993C13.2735 17.6237 13.8929 17.4167 14.5412 17.4167H19C19.6904 17.4167 20.25 16.857 20.25 16.1667V6C20.25 5.30964 19.6904 4.75 19 4.75H15.3882C14.7165 4.75 14.0534 5.04681 13.5507 5.60725C13.0457 6.17037 12.75 6.95001 12.75 7.77778V17.993ZM11.25 18.0438V7.77778C11.25 6.96341 10.9414 6.18924 10.4026 5.62389C9.86506 5.05976 9.14388 4.75 8.4 4.75H5C4.30964 4.75 3.75 5.30964 3.75 6V16.1667C3.75 16.857 4.30964 17.4167 5 17.4167H9.3C10.0044 17.4167 10.6825 17.64 11.25 18.0438Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span><span class="bre-article-menu__list-item-text tw-hidden md:max-lg:tw-inline">Библиография</span></a></div><div class="tw-grow tw-basis-0 max-md:tw-max-w-[80px]"><span data-v-tippy class="tw-mx-auto tw-hidden lg:tw-flex"><a href="/c/zemlia-b173fe/versions" class="bre-article-menu__list-item"><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-gray-1"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M10.9565 3.85864H7.51619C7.8045 3.2057 8.4577 2.75 9.21734 2.75H13.5652H14.7687C15.4365 2.75 16.0697 3.0466 16.4972 3.55959L19.2502 6.86313C19.5871 7.26748 19.7717 7.77718 19.7717 8.30354V10.6957V16.7826C19.7717 17.5422 19.316 18.1954 18.663 18.4838V13.3043V10.9122C18.663 10.0349 18.3555 9.18542 17.7939 8.51149L15.0409 5.20795C14.3284 4.35298 13.273 3.85864 12.1601 3.85864H10.9565ZM14.913 22.7499C16.6051 22.7499 18.0354 21.6293 18.5022 20.0898C20.0762 19.8113 21.2717 18.4365 21.2717 16.7826V10.6957V8.30354C21.2717 7.42628 20.9641 6.57678 20.4025 5.90285L17.6496 2.59931C16.9371 1.74434 15.8817 1.25 14.7687 1.25H13.5652H9.21734C7.56341 1.25 6.18869 2.44548 5.91016 4.01947C4.37062 4.48633 3.25 5.91662 3.25 7.60864V18.9999C3.25 21.071 4.92893 22.7499 7 22.7499H14.913ZM7 5.35864C5.75736 5.35864 4.75 6.366 4.75 7.60864V18.9999C4.75 20.2426 5.75736 21.2499 7 21.2499H14.913C16.1557 21.2499 17.163 20.2426 17.163 18.9999V13.3043V10.9122C17.163 10.7991 17.1545 10.6867 17.1378 10.5761H15.3043C13.9296 10.5761 12.8152 9.46164 12.8152 8.08694V5.45611C12.6051 5.39215 12.3845 5.35864 12.1601 5.35864H10.9565H7ZM14.3152 6.68014V8.08694C14.3152 8.63322 14.758 9.07607 15.3043 9.07607H16.3118L14.3152 6.68014ZM6.72827 13.3043C6.72827 12.8901 7.06406 12.5543 7.47827 12.5543H14.4348C14.849 12.5543 15.1848 12.8901 15.1848 13.3043C15.1848 13.7185 14.849 14.0543 14.4348 14.0543H7.47827C7.06406 14.0543 6.72827 13.7185 6.72827 13.3043ZM7.47827 16.9022C7.06406 16.9022 6.72827 17.238 6.72827 17.6522C6.72827 18.0664 7.06406 18.4022 7.47827 18.4022H10.9565C11.3707 18.4022 11.7065 18.0664 11.7065 17.6522C11.7065 17.238 11.3707 16.9022 10.9565 16.9022H7.47827Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span><span class="bre-article-menu__list-item-text tw-hidden md:max-lg:tw-inline">Версии</span></a><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Версии</span></span></span><a href="/c/zemlia-b173fe/versions" class="bre-article-menu__list-item tw-mx-auto tw-flex lg:tw-hidden"><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-gray-1"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M10.9565 3.85864H7.51619C7.8045 3.2057 8.4577 2.75 9.21734 2.75H13.5652H14.7687C15.4365 2.75 16.0697 3.0466 16.4972 3.55959L19.2502 6.86313C19.5871 7.26748 19.7717 7.77718 19.7717 8.30354V10.6957V16.7826C19.7717 17.5422 19.316 18.1954 18.663 18.4838V13.3043V10.9122C18.663 10.0349 18.3555 9.18542 17.7939 8.51149L15.0409 5.20795C14.3284 4.35298 13.273 3.85864 12.1601 3.85864H10.9565ZM14.913 22.7499C16.6051 22.7499 18.0354 21.6293 18.5022 20.0898C20.0762 19.8113 21.2717 18.4365 21.2717 16.7826V10.6957V8.30354C21.2717 7.42628 20.9641 6.57678 20.4025 5.90285L17.6496 2.59931C16.9371 1.74434 15.8817 1.25 14.7687 1.25H13.5652H9.21734C7.56341 1.25 6.18869 2.44548 5.91016 4.01947C4.37062 4.48633 3.25 5.91662 3.25 7.60864V18.9999C3.25 21.071 4.92893 22.7499 7 22.7499H14.913ZM7 5.35864C5.75736 5.35864 4.75 6.366 4.75 7.60864V18.9999C4.75 20.2426 5.75736 21.2499 7 21.2499H14.913C16.1557 21.2499 17.163 20.2426 17.163 18.9999V13.3043V10.9122C17.163 10.7991 17.1545 10.6867 17.1378 10.5761H15.3043C13.9296 10.5761 12.8152 9.46164 12.8152 8.08694V5.45611C12.6051 5.39215 12.3845 5.35864 12.1601 5.35864H10.9565H7ZM14.3152 6.68014V8.08694C14.3152 8.63322 14.758 9.07607 15.3043 9.07607H16.3118L14.3152 6.68014ZM6.72827 13.3043C6.72827 12.8901 7.06406 12.5543 7.47827 12.5543H14.4348C14.849 12.5543 15.1848 12.8901 15.1848 13.3043C15.1848 13.7185 14.849 14.0543 14.4348 14.0543H7.47827C7.06406 14.0543 6.72827 13.7185 6.72827 13.3043ZM7.47827 16.9022C7.06406 16.9022 6.72827 17.238 6.72827 17.6522C6.72827 18.0664 7.06406 18.4022 7.47827 18.4022H10.9565C11.3707 18.4022 11.7065 18.0664 11.7065 17.6522C11.7065 17.238 11.3707 16.9022 10.9565 16.9022H7.47827Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span><span class="bre-article-menu__list-item-text tw-hidden md:max-lg:tw-inline">Версии</span></a></div></div></div></nav><div><meta itemprop="image primaryImageOfPage" content="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=ixENneJAt3migZx-yTw2jQ&filename=vault/3ed2c01f0c646ddc71a6db21b6d31659.webp&width=120"><article itemscope itemprop="mainEntity" itemtype="https://schema.org/Article"><div itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"><meta itemprop="name" content="Автономная некоммерческая организация «Национальный научно-образовательный центр «Большая российская энциклопедия»"><meta itemprop="address" content="Покровский бульвар, д. 8, стр. 1А, Москва, 109028"><meta itemprop="telephone" content="+7 (495) 781-15-95"><meta itemprop="logo" content="https://s.bigenc.ru/_nuxt/logo.98u7ubS9.svg"></div><div itemprop="copyrightHolder" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"><meta itemprop="name" content="Автономная некоммерческая организация «Национальный научно-образовательный центр «Большая российская энциклопедия»"><meta itemprop="address" content="Покровский бульвар, д. 8, стр. 1А, Москва, 109028"><meta itemprop="telephone" content="+7 (495) 781-15-95"><meta itemprop="logo" content="https://s.bigenc.ru/_nuxt/logo.98u7ubS9.svg"></div><meta itemprop="articleSection" content="Планеты Солнечной системы"><meta itemprop="headline" content="Земля"><meta itemprop="keywords" content="Астрономические объекты, Планеты земной группы, Планета Земля"><div class="bre-article-page max-md:tw-mt-10 md:max-lg:tw-mt-[81px] max-md:tw-mt-[105px]"><nav class="bre-article-loc -hide-on-desktop-s"><div class="bre-article-loc-button"><span class="bre-article-loc-title">Содержание</span><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-primary-black"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M6 9l6 6 6-6" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round"/></svg> </span><div class="bre-article-loc-short">Общие сведения</div></div></nav><div class="article-sidebar -hide-on-desktop-s"><div class="article-sidebar-button -show-on-tablet -hide-on-desktop-s"><span class="article-sidebar-title">Информация</span><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-primary-black"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M6 9l6 6 6-6" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round"/></svg> </span><div class="article-sidebar-text -show-on-tablet -hide-on-desktop-s">Земля</div></div><div class="article-sidebar-wrapper -hide-on-tablet"><header class="bre-article-header -hide-on-tablet"><div class="bre-label__wrap"><span data-v-tippy class="tw-leading-[0px]"><span class="bre-label">Планеты Солнечной системы</span><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Планеты Солнечной системы</span></span></span></div><h1 class="bre-article-header-title">Земля</h1></header><section class="-hide-on-tablet tw-h-14 md:tw-h-20"></section><span class="bre-media-image article-sidebar-image _note-exclude _clean" data-width="100%" data-display="block"><span class="bre-media-figure _note-exclude _clean" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="image"><span class="bre-media-image-container"><meta itemprop="name" content="Земля"><meta itemprop="caption" content="Земля с высоты 36 000 км. 2023. Фото: метеорологический искусственный спутник MTG-I1."><meta itemprop="copyrightNotice" content=" © EUMETSAT / ESA"><span class="tw-flex tw-w-full" style=""><img src="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=ixENneJAt3migZx-yTw2jQ&filename=vault/3ed2c01f0c646ddc71a6db21b6d31659.webp&width=120" onerror="this.setAttribute('data-error', 1)" alt="Земля" data-nuxt-img sizes="320px" srcset="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=ixENneJAt3migZx-yTw2jQ&filename=vault/3ed2c01f0c646ddc71a6db21b6d31659.webp&width=120 120w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=J2JYPtlvGStEWajMlpUvxg&filename=vault/3ed2c01f0c646ddc71a6db21b6d31659.webp&width=320 320w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=YfNskBMVFWSbSDsQOV2-VQ&filename=vault/3ed2c01f0c646ddc71a6db21b6d31659.webp&width=480 480w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=T-1jxdM_vHh5Am7INyRCdA&filename=vault/3ed2c01f0c646ddc71a6db21b6d31659.webp&width=640 640w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=fz9W-TSyq5IsqtFkFITUNw&filename=vault/3ed2c01f0c646ddc71a6db21b6d31659.webp&width=768 768w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=upHn8VGf8l2v7WjEPg2IKA&filename=vault/3ed2c01f0c646ddc71a6db21b6d31659.webp&width=1024 1024w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=UOauE1CYOnhxNDlzZTcpxQ&filename=vault/3ed2c01f0c646ddc71a6db21b6d31659.webp&width=1280 1280w" title="Земля" class="" itemprop="contentUrl"></span></span></span></span><div class="article-sidebar-meta"><dl class="tw-mt-0"><dt>Области знаний:</dt><dd>География, Планетные тела Солнечной системы, Общая физическая география, Землеведение</dd><dt>Масса:</dt><dd>5.9733×10<sup>24</sup> кг</dd><dt>Масса:</dt><dd>1 масс Земли</dd><dt>Экваториальный радиус:</dt><dd>6378,1366 км</dd><dt>Полярный радиус:</dt><dd>6356,777 км</dd><dt>Средний радиус:</dt><dd>6371,032 км</dd><dt>Полярное сжатие:</dt><dd>0,00335</dd><dt>Средняя плотность:</dt><dd>5518 кг/м³</dd><dt>Первая космическая скорость:</dt><dd>7,910 км/с</dd><dt>Вторая космическая скорость:</dt><dd>11,186 км/с</dd><dt>Ускорение свободного падения на экваторе:</dt><dd>9,780 м/с²</dd><dt>Сидерический период осевого вращения:</dt><dd>0,997 сут</dd><dt>Солнечные сутки:</dt><dd>1 сут</dd><dt>Большая полуось орбиты:</dt><dd>1 а. е.</dd><dt>Эксцентриситет орбиты:</dt><dd>0,017</dd><dt>Расстояние от Солнца в перигелии:</dt><dd>0,983 а. е.</dd><dt>Расстояние от Солнца в афелии:</dt><dd>1,017 а. е.</dd><dt>Наклонение орбиты к плоскости эклиптики:</dt><dd>0 °</dd><dt>Период обращения:</dt><dd>1 год</dd><dt>Количество спутников:</dt><dd>1</dd></dl></div></div></div><div class="bre-article-page__container"><div class="bre-article-page__content bre-article-content"><header class="bre-article-header -show-on-tablet"><div class="bre-label__wrap"><span data-v-tippy class="tw-leading-[0px]"><span class="bre-label">Планеты Солнечной системы</span><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Планеты Солнечной системы</span></span></span></div><h1 class="bre-article-header-title">Земля</h1></header><section class="tw-flex"><div class="-show-on-tablet tw-h-14 md:tw-h-20"><div><div><div itemprop="interactionStatistic" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/InteractionCounter"><meta itemprop="interactionType" content="https://schema.org/ViewAction"><meta itemprop="userInteractionCount" content=""></div><div itemprop="interactionStatistic" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/InteractionCounter"><meta itemprop="interactionType" content="https://schema.org/ShareAction"><meta itemprop="userInteractionCount" content=""></div><div itemprop="interactionStatistic" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/InteractionCounter"><meta itemprop="interactionType" content="https://schema.org/LikeAction"><meta itemprop="userInteractionCount" content=""></div></div><span></span></div></div><span></span></section><div class="js-preview-link-root"><div itemprop="articleBody" class="bre-article-body"><section><section><p><b>Земля́,</b> третья по удалённости от Солнца <a href="/c/planety-f9e812" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">планета</a> <a href="/c/solnechnaia-sistema-c236f6" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Солнечной системы</a>, крупнейшая из планет земной группы, в которую входят также <a href="/c/merkurii-planeta-691325" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Меркурий</a>, <a href="/c/venera-planeta-d9e8fb" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Венера</a> и <a href="/c/mars-planeta-dd184c" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Марс</a>.</p><p>Главным отличием Земли от других планет Солнечной системы является наличие на ней <a href="/c/biosfera-8f8959" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">жизни</a>. Численность населения составляет 7951,2 млн человек (2022). На Земле более 250 стран и территорий (из них 193 – члены <a href="/c/organizatsiia-ob-edinionnykh-natsii-668aab" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">ООН</a>; 2023).</p><h2 id="h2_oбschie_svedeniya">Общие сведения</h2><p>Согласно <a href="/c/kosmogoniia-1d4177#h2_vozniknovenie_solnechnoi_sistemы" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" navigation_value="h2_vozniknovenie_solnechnoi_sistemы" data-external="false">современным представлениям</a>, Земля в составе <a href="/c/solnechnaia-sistema-c236f6" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Солнечной системы</a> образовалась около 4,5 млрд лет назад вследствие гравитационного сжатия первичного газово-пылевого облака. При этом размеры облака уменьшались, скорость его вращения росла, что привело к уплощению облака и формированию диска. <span class="bre-media-image _note-exclude" data-width="33%" data-display="left"><span class="bre-media-figure _note-exclude" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="image"><span class="bre-media-image-container"><meta itemprop="name" content="Схема внутреннего строения и динамики твёрдой Земли"><meta itemprop="caption" content="Схема внутреннего строения и динамики твёрдой Земли."><meta itemprop="copyrightNotice" content="БРЭ. Т. 10"><span class="tw-flex tw-w-full" style=""><img src="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=JPSuHEhIRobryfq-yO_7Aw&filename=vault/123c72665727cf5dc7da202eb625defe.webp&width=120" onerror="this.setAttribute('data-error', 1)" alt="Схема внутреннего строения и динамики твёрдой Земли" data-nuxt-img srcset="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=JPSuHEhIRobryfq-yO_7Aw&filename=vault/123c72665727cf5dc7da202eb625defe.webp&width=120 120w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=YH6hbisC2pkAYCmYPps44A&filename=vault/123c72665727cf5dc7da202eb625defe.webp&width=320 320w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=WTPShtMdRQASWZAVgLVkHw&filename=vault/123c72665727cf5dc7da202eb625defe.webp&width=480 480w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=RojEZYXJmZhOTuw7x4lGuw&filename=vault/123c72665727cf5dc7da202eb625defe.webp&width=640 640w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=vSMCfh9hKivansdYXJKpYQ&filename=vault/123c72665727cf5dc7da202eb625defe.webp&width=768 768w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=dvvxS6HUEVlP5_BwdsNUDw&filename=vault/123c72665727cf5dc7da202eb625defe.webp&width=1024 1024w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=wlTimFTNiJ0B6yiDcHrAkg&filename=vault/123c72665727cf5dc7da202eb625defe.webp&width=1280 1280w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=4lnAZEsdqy-6N8ay240EIw&filename=vault/123c72665727cf5dc7da202eb625defe.webp&width=1920 1920w" title="Схема внутреннего строения и динамики твёрдой Земли" class="" itemprop="contentUrl"></span></span><span class="bre-media-caption"><span class="bre-media-caption-content"><span class="bre-media-caption__text"><span data-v-tippy><span class="tw-line-clamp-3">Схема внутреннего строения и динамики твёрдой Земли.</span><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Схема внутреннего строения и динамики твёрдой Земли.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>При сжатии газово-пылевого облака начался рост его температуры, в центральной области сформировалась звезда <a href="/c/solntse-6df72e" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Солнце</a>. Во внешних областях относительно холодного диска за счёт гидродинамических возмущений стали развиваться отдельные сгущения – протопланеты, которые, аккумулировав более мелкие тела в процессе <a href="/c/akkretsiia-v-astronomii-b202b8" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">аккреции</a>, преобразовались в планеты современных размеров.</p><p>При формировании Земли происходили дифференциация вещества и постепенный разогрев недр в основном за счёт теплоты, выделявшейся при распаде <a href="/c/radioaktivnost-56b3d4" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">радиоактивных</a> химических элементов (<a href="/c/uran-khimicheskii-element-ac6ea2" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">урана</a>, <a href="/c/torii-0ca55c" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">тория</a> и др.). В результате дифференциации произошло разделение планеты на <a href="/c/iadro-zemli-836b9b" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">ядро</a> (жидкое и твёрдое), <a href="/c/mantiia-zemli-a00a5f" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">мантию</a> и <a href="/c/zemnaia-kora-b993ed" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">кору</a>. Совокупность этих оболочек, ограниченных твёрдой земной поверхностью, называют (в некоторой степени условно) твёрдой Землёй. За её пределами находятся внешние оболочки – водная (<a href="/c/gidrosfera-0bb8af" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">гидросфера</a>) и воздушная (<a href="/c/atmosfera-zemli-68ee43" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">атмосфера</a>), которые сформировались из паров и газов, выделившихся из недр Земли при дегазации мантии (табл. 1).</p><div class="tw-my-6"><div class="table-wrap-title" itemprop="about"><p data-textalign="center"><b>Таблица 1. Схема строения Земли</b></p></div><div class="table-wrap" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Table" itemprop="hasPart"><div class="table-scroller"><table><tbody><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center"><b>Геосфера</b></p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center"><b>Расстояние от поверхности Земли до нижней границы,</b> км</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center"><b>Объём,</b><br>10<sup>18</sup> м<sup>3</sup></p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center"><b>Масса,</b><br>10<sup>21</sup> кг</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center"><b>Доля от массы</b><br><b>Земли,</b> %</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Атмосфера</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">800<sup>*</sup></p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">460</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">~0,005</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">~10<sup>–6</sup></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Гидросфера</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">до 11</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">1,59</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">1,59</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">0,02</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Земная кора</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">5–75</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">10,2</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">28,6</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">0,48</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Мантия</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">до 2980</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">908,3</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">4070</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">68,1</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Ядро</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">6371 (центр Земли)</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">163,3</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">1873,1</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">31,4</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Вся Земля (без атмосферы)</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center"></p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">1083,4</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">5973,3</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">100,0</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="table-wrap-summary" itemprop="description"><p><sup>*</sup> <i>По верхней границе термосферы.</i></p></div></div><p>Земля обладает <a href="/c/gravitatsionnoe-pole-zemli-0208db" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">гравитационным</a>, <a href="/c/geomagnetizm-07303e" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">магнитным</a> и <a href="/c/elektricheskoe-pole-zemli-b382c8" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">электрическим</a> полями. Действием гравитационного поля Земли обусловлены почти сферическая <a href="/c/figura-zemli-a81424" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">форма Земли</a>, многие черты рельефа земной поверхности, течение рек, движение ледников и другие процессы.<span class="bre-media-image _note-exclude" data-width="33%" data-display="right"><span class="bre-media-figure _note-exclude" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="image"><span class="bre-media-image-container"><meta itemprop="name" content="Магнитосфера Земли"><meta itemprop="caption" content="Смоделированное изображение магнитного поля Земли. Поток солнечного ветра (на изображении направлен слева направо) существенно влияет на форму геомагнитного поля, создавая протяжённый хвост магнитосферы длиной более 1,5 млн км. Разными цветами показана концентрация частиц плазмы: оранжевый цвет соответствует наиболее высокой концентрации, синий – наиболее низкой."><meta itemprop="copyrightNotice" content="NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio"><span class="tw-flex tw-w-full" style=""><img src="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=qX3c--XtxpkF1a1BeDws1g&filename=vault/e19f30747196ff9d460abb9fba869740.webp&width=120" onerror="this.setAttribute('data-error', 1)" alt="Магнитосфера Земли" data-nuxt-img srcset="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=qX3c--XtxpkF1a1BeDws1g&filename=vault/e19f30747196ff9d460abb9fba869740.webp&width=120 120w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=Zcqm-i0FaXQWwrhiNYt8tg&filename=vault/e19f30747196ff9d460abb9fba869740.webp&width=320 320w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=HC1t5MixFYrKaIomcgH-2g&filename=vault/e19f30747196ff9d460abb9fba869740.webp&width=480 480w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=H-gk-ueobk1Z0lG6VyuC4g&filename=vault/e19f30747196ff9d460abb9fba869740.webp&width=640 640w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=Dag2CgC37lLABojzwAcvAQ&filename=vault/e19f30747196ff9d460abb9fba869740.webp&width=768 768w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=S9TBbziHyE82uIqBVqnzvw&filename=vault/e19f30747196ff9d460abb9fba869740.webp&width=1024 1024w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=XXmZHTIAYArS_zzQqIKGcA&filename=vault/e19f30747196ff9d460abb9fba869740.webp&width=1280 1280w" title="Магнитосфера Земли" class="" itemprop="contentUrl"></span></span><span class="bre-media-caption"><span class="bre-media-caption-content"><span class="bre-media-caption__text"><span data-v-tippy><span class="tw-line-clamp-3">Смоделированное изображение магнитного поля Земли. Поток солнечного ветра (на изображении направлен слева направо) существенно влияет на форму геомагнитного поля, создавая протяжённый хвост магнитосферы длиной более 1,5 млн км. Разными цветами показана концентрация частиц плазмы: оранжевый цвет соответствует наиболее высокой концентрации, синий – наиболее низкой.</span><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Смоделированное изображение магнитного поля Земли. Поток солнечного ветра (на изображении направлен слева направо) существенно влияет на форму геомагнитного поля, создавая протяжённый хвост магнитосферы длиной более 1,5 млн км. Разными цветами показана концентрация частиц плазмы: оранжевый цвет соответствует наиболее высокой концентрации, синий – наиболее низкой.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> Основной источник магнитного поля Земли расположен в ядре планеты. Область околоземного пространства, физические свойства которой определяются магнитным полем Земли и его взаимодействием с <a href="/c/solnechnyi-veter-805bea" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">солнечным ветром</a>, называется <a href="/c/magnitosfera-zemli-e0b155" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">магнитосферой</a>. С магнитным полем Земли тесно связано её электрическое поле. Твёрдая Земля несёт отрицательный <a href="/c/elektricheskii-zariad-178b4d" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">электрический заряд</a> (около –3<i>·</i>10<sup>5</sup> Кл), который компенсируется <a href="/c/atmosfernoe-elektrichestvo-24681d" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">объёмным положительным зарядом атмосферы</a>, так что в целом Земля, по-видимому, электрически нейтральна.</p><p>Основным источником энергии, поступающей на Землю, является Солнце. Количество лучистой энергии Солнца, попадающей на площадку, поставленную вне земной атмосферы перпендикулярно к солнечным лучам на среднем расстоянии Земли от Солнца, составляет 1,367,6 кВт/м<sup>2</sup> и называется <a href="/c/solnechnaia-postoiannaia-9035e8" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">солнечной постоянной</a>. Основные геометрические и физические характеристики Земли приведены в табл. 2.</p><div class="tw-my-6"><div class="table-wrap-title" itemprop="about"><p data-textalign="center"><b>Таблица 2. Геометрические и физические характеристики Земли</b></p></div><div class="table-wrap" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Table" itemprop="hasPart"><div class="table-scroller"><table><tbody><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Экваториальный радиус</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>6378,1366 км</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Полярный радиус</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>6356,777 км</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><a href="/c/szhatie-nebesnogo-tela-c1747e" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Сжатие</a> земного эллипсоида</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>1 : 298,25642</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Средний радиус</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>6371,032 км</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Длина окружности <a href="/c/zemnoi-ekvator-36a55e" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">экватора</a></p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>40 075,696 км</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Площадь поверхности</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>510,2 · 10<sup>6</sup> км<sup>2</sup></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Объём</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>1,0834 · 10<sup>12</sup> км<sup>3</sup></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Масса</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>5,9733 · 10<sup>24</sup> кг</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Средняя плотность</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>5518 кг/м<sup>3</sup></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Угловая скорость вращения (переменная)</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>7,292115 ∙ 10<sup>–5</sup> рад/с</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><a href="/c/uskorenie-svobodnogo-padeniia-152fb3" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Ускорение силы тяжести</a> (на уровне моря)</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>а) на экваторе</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>9,7803278 м/с<sup>2</sup></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>б) на <a href="/c/geograficheskie-poliusy-ac5432" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">полюсе</a></p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>9,8321853 м/с<sup>2</sup></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>в) стандартное</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>9,80665 м/с<sup>2</sup></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><a href="/c/moment-inertsii-tela-9ca691" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Момент инерции</a> относительно оси вращения</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>8,0365 · 10<sup>37</sup> кг · м<sup>2</sup></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="table-wrap-summary" itemprop="description"><p></p></div></div><p></p><span class="author _note-exclude" itemprop="sourceOrganization"><span>Редакция астрономии и космонавтики</span></span></section><section><p><span class="bre-media-image _note-exclude" data-width="75%" data-display="block"><span class="bre-media-figure _note-exclude" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="image"><span class="bre-media-image-container"><meta itemprop="name" content="Физическая карта Земли"><meta itemprop="caption" content="Земля. Физическая карта."><span class="tw-flex tw-w-full" style=""><img src="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=TO9Ij6qLrjr8W2Rxm7jb9g&filename=vault/d0c53e479b47fc3c4b4c64ba06af65be.webp&width=120" onerror="this.setAttribute('data-error', 1)" alt="Физическая карта Земли" data-nuxt-img sizes="640px" srcset="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=TO9Ij6qLrjr8W2Rxm7jb9g&filename=vault/d0c53e479b47fc3c4b4c64ba06af65be.webp&width=120 120w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=fOx-2quzNFDLAQWJ5HCSjA&filename=vault/d0c53e479b47fc3c4b4c64ba06af65be.webp&width=320 320w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=tgJ67pOwJb5qtsVoixVSHg&filename=vault/d0c53e479b47fc3c4b4c64ba06af65be.webp&width=480 480w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=amzTrCe5lKGDb8_87kcH3A&filename=vault/d0c53e479b47fc3c4b4c64ba06af65be.webp&width=640 640w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=l8jH9dM3RJGYlukQHvidwQ&filename=vault/d0c53e479b47fc3c4b4c64ba06af65be.webp&width=768 768w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=fM8EI-oKPiRedPiI0x0sAw&filename=vault/d0c53e479b47fc3c4b4c64ba06af65be.webp&width=1024 1024w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=3EXkfp8hA1TAMCBMIzHQPA&filename=vault/d0c53e479b47fc3c4b4c64ba06af65be.webp&width=1280 1280w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=ylbd_HEFMDPXBmmWIHucNA&filename=vault/d0c53e479b47fc3c4b4c64ba06af65be.webp&width=1920 1920w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=6Y7jl9Ly-EVAuqspMhIVTA&filename=vault/d0c53e479b47fc3c4b4c64ba06af65be.webp&width=3840 3840w" title="Физическая карта Земли" class="" itemprop="contentUrl"></span></span><span class="bre-media-caption"><span class="bre-media-caption-content"><span class="bre-media-caption__text"><span data-v-tippy><span class="tw-line-clamp-3">Земля. Физическая карта.</span><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Земля. Физическая карта.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>Бо́льшую часть поверхности Земли занимает Мировой океан (361,1 млн км<sup>2</sup>, или 70,8 %), площадь суши составляет 149,1 млн км<sup>2</sup> (29,2 %), она образует шесть <a href="/c/materik-0a54f0" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">материков</a>: <a href="/c/evraziia-4bd897" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Евразию</a>, <a href="/c/afrika-0897b5" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Африку</a>, <a href="/c/severnaia-amerika-a843ff" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Северную Америку</a>, <a href="/c/iuzhnaia-amerika-6f89a7" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Южную Америку</a>, <a href="/c/antarktida-33d765" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Антарктиду</a> и <a href="/c/avstraliia-materik-3213e5" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Австралию</a> (табл. 3), а также многочисленные острова. Деление суши на материки не совпадает с делением на <a href="/c/chasti-sveta-d0bbe5" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">части света</a>: Евразия включает две части света – <a href="/c/evropa-105dbe" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Европу</a> и <a href="/c/aziia-a76441" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Азию</a>, а оба американских материка объединяют в одну часть света – <a href="/c/amerika-fbdd09" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Америку</a>, иногда как особую, «океаническую», часть света выделяют острова Тихого океана – <a href="/c/okeaniia-2930d8" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Океанию</a>, площадь которой обычно учитывается вместе с Австралией.</p><div class="tw-my-6"><div class="table-wrap-title" itemprop="about"><p data-textalign="center"><b>Таблица 3. Материки (с островами)</b></p></div><div class="table-wrap" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Table" itemprop="hasPart"><div class="table-scroller"><table><tbody><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><b>Материк</b></p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><b>Площадь,</b><br>млн км<sup>2</sup></p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><b>Средняя</b><br><b>высота, </b>м</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><b>Наибольшая высота</b><br><b>(над уровнем моря),</b> м</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><b>Наибольшее понижение</b><br><b>(ниже уровня моря),</b> м</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><b>Численность</b><br><b>населения,</b><br>млн человек<br>(2021)</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Евразия</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>54,10</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>800</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>8848 (гора Джомолунгма)</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>–424 (уровень Мёртвого моря)</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>5430,0</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Африка</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>29,20</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>750</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>5895 (вулкан Килиманджаро)</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>–153 (уровень озера Асаль)</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>1400,0</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Северная Америка</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>22,50</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>720</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>6193 (гора Денали)</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>–86 (Долина Смерти)</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>около 595,0</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Южная Америка</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>17,50</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>580</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>6959 (гора Аконкагуа)</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>–40 (полуостров Вальдес)</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>434.3</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Антарктида</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>13,98</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>2350</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>5140 (гора Винсон)</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>уровень океана</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>—</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Австралия (с Океанией)</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>8,50</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>340</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>2228 (гора Косцюшко; в Океании – 5030, гора Джая на острове Новая Гвинея)</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>–16 (уровень озера Эйр-Норт;<br>в Океании – уровень океана)</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>43,2</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="table-wrap-summary" itemprop="description"><p></p></div></div><p>Мировой океан разделяется материками на <a href="/c/tikhii-okean-c8bc74" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Тихий</a>, <a href="/c/atlanticheskii-okean-4e914d" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Атлантический</a>, <a href="/c/indiiskii-okean-666de9" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Индийский</a> и <a href="/c/severnyi-ledovityi-okean-3b80d2" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Северный Ледовитый</a> океаны (табл. 4); некоторые исследователи выделяют приантарктические части Атлантического, Тихого и Индийского океанов в отдельный, <a href="/c/iuzhnyi-okean-ae84b0" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Южный, океан</a>. Северное полушарие Земли – материковое (суша занимает 39 % поверхности), Южное – океаническое (суша составляет лишь 19 % поверхности). В Восточном полушарии площадь суши больше, чем в Западном. </p><p><span class="bre-media-image _note-exclude" data-width="75%" data-display="block"><span class="bre-media-figure _note-exclude" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="image"><span class="bre-media-image-container"><meta itemprop="name" content="Гора Джомолунгма, Гималаи (Непал)"><meta itemprop="caption" content="Гора Джомолунгма, Гималаи (Непал)."><meta itemprop="copyrightNotice" content="Mondo79, flickr.com. CC BY 2.0"><link itemprop="copyrightHolder" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/"><span class="tw-flex tw-w-full" style=""><img src="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=wqnR0l5urGxrsKmG72oKdg&filename=vault/e06ec02b0e203812fbc37c81034bedbd.webp&width=120" onerror="this.setAttribute('data-error', 1)" alt="Гора Джомолунгма, Гималаи (Непал)" data-nuxt-img sizes="640px" srcset="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=wqnR0l5urGxrsKmG72oKdg&filename=vault/e06ec02b0e203812fbc37c81034bedbd.webp&width=120 120w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=hRs9xASA15WF804IscaNug&filename=vault/e06ec02b0e203812fbc37c81034bedbd.webp&width=320 320w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=9g_82dYZJ1Z8Aj15DRJIRw&filename=vault/e06ec02b0e203812fbc37c81034bedbd.webp&width=480 480w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=8xWe-mbJMLMVsOCKpp7Z-Q&filename=vault/e06ec02b0e203812fbc37c81034bedbd.webp&width=640 640w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=MAQWRTGkQ6muUCdUv_ebNw&filename=vault/e06ec02b0e203812fbc37c81034bedbd.webp&width=768 768w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=SABLxhk3lxC2x5Jk_EMnPg&filename=vault/e06ec02b0e203812fbc37c81034bedbd.webp&width=1024 1024w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=LAZ2Uoj7FSvnkRuWLqVejg&filename=vault/e06ec02b0e203812fbc37c81034bedbd.webp&width=1280 1280w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=9b2XOB22i-fP68RVOWp3pw&filename=vault/e06ec02b0e203812fbc37c81034bedbd.webp&width=1920 1920w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=pBswDl9tOfAgm0b0L8ngaA&filename=vault/e06ec02b0e203812fbc37c81034bedbd.webp&width=3840 3840w" title="Гора Джомолунгма, Гималаи (Непал)" class="" itemprop="contentUrl"></span></span><span class="bre-media-caption"><span class="bre-media-caption-content"><span class="bre-media-caption__text"><span data-v-tippy><span class="tw-line-clamp-3">Гора Джомолунгма, Гималаи (Непал).</span><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Гора Джомолунгма, Гималаи (Непал).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>Средняя высота суши 875 м, средняя глубина океана 3900 м. Высочайшая вершина мира (гора <a href="/c/dzhomolungma-e67646" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Джомолунгма</a> в <a href="/c/gimalai-013ef7" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Гималаях</a>, 8848 м) возвышается над глубочайшим понижением дна океана (<a href="/c/marianskii-zhiolob-aaf7ab" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Марианский жёлоб</a> в Тихом океане, 11 022 м) почти на 20 км. </p><div class="tw-my-6"><div class="table-wrap-title" itemprop="about"><p data-textalign="center"><b>Таблица 4. Океаны</b></p></div><div class="table-wrap" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Table" itemprop="hasPart"><div class="table-scroller"><table><tbody><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center"><b>Океан</b></p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center"><b>Площадь поверхности зеркала,</b><br>млн км<sup>2</sup></p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center"><b>Средняя</b><br><b>глубина, </b>м</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center"><b>Наибольшая </b><br><b>глубина, </b>м</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Тихий</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">178,68</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">3976</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">11 022</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Атлантический</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">91,66</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">3597</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">8742</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Индийский</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">76,17</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">3711</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">7729</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Северный Ледовитый</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">14,75</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">1225</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">5527</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="table-wrap-summary" itemprop="description"><p></p></div></div><p>Землю изучают различные науки, основные из них – <a href="/c/geodeziia-760a74" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">геодезия</a> и <a href="/c/astronomiia-a85a51" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">астрономия</a>, <a href="/c/geografiia-5292dd" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">география</a>, <a href="/c/geologiia-4d4d71" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">геология</a>, <a href="/c/geofizika-492654" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">геофизика</a>, <a href="/c/geokhimiia-8298fe" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">геохимия</a>, <a href="/c/biologiia-ef3532" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">биология</a>, <a href="/c/ekologiia-8a2e71" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">экология</a> и др.</p><span class="author _note-exclude" itemprop="sourceOrganization"><span>Редакция географии</span></span></section><section><h2 id="h2_rekomenduemыe_stat'i">Рекомендуемые статьи</h2><p><a href="/c/zemlia-kak-planeta-d57ab3" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Земля как планета</a></p><p><a href="/c/vrashchenie-zemli-9ef4f1" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Вращение Земли</a></p><p><a href="/c/stroenie-tverdoi-zemli-0eecbb" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Строение твёрдой Земли</a></p><p><a href="/c/fizicheskie-kharakteristiki-tverdoi-zemli-654f87" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Физические характеристики твёрдой Земли</a></p><p><a href="/c/vnutrenniaia-dinamika-zemli-ff848a" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Внутренняя динамика Земли</a></p><p><a href="/c/tektonicheskie-struktury-zemli-3125ea" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Тектонические структуры Земли</a></p><p><a href="/c/rel-ef-zemli-b24efe" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Рельеф Земли</a></p><p><a href="/c/geograficheskie-usloviia-zemli-9cb91f" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Географические условия Земли</a></p><p><a href="/c/klimaticheskie-poiasa-zemli-500018" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Климатические пояса Земли</a></p><p><a href="/c/geograficheskie-poiasa-i-zony-zemli-40e922" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Географические пояса и зоны Земли</a></p><p><a href="/c/pochvy-zemli-b3526f" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Почвы Земли</a></p><p><a href="/c/rastitel-nyi-mir-zemli-b59d2b" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Растительный мир Земли</a></p><p><a href="/c/zhivotnyi-mir-zemli-745b21" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Животный мир Земли</a></p><p><a href="/c/geologicheskaia-istoriia-zemli-09ed94" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Геологическая история Земли</a></p><p><a href="/c/evoliutsiia-zhizni-na-zemle-c4e352" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Эволюция жизни на Земле</a></p><p><a href="/c/chelovek-i-zemlia-99a1c3" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Человек и Земля</a></p><span class="author _note-exclude" itemprop="sourceOrganization"><span>Редакция географии</span></span></section></section></div><span class="bre-inline-menu _article-meta" style=""><meta itemprop="description" content="Земля́, третья по удалённости от Солнца планета Солнечной системы, крупнейшая из планет земной группы, в которую входят также Меркурий, Венера и..."><span><span class="bre-inline-menu__item _article-meta max-md:tw-block">Опубликовано <span itemprop="datePublished">9 ноября 2023 г. в 19:37 (GMT+3). </span></span><span class="bre-inline-menu__item _article-meta max-md:tw-block"> Последнее обновление <span itemprop="dateModified">6 февраля 2024 г. в 15:54 (GMT+3).</span></span></span><span class="-flex-divider"></span><span class="bre-inline-menu__item tw-items-start"><button type="button" class="b-button tw-gap-2 b-button--link 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tw-text-primary-black"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M6 9l6 6 6-6" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round"/></svg> </span><div class="bre-article-loc-short">Общие сведения</div></div></nav><div class="bre-article-page__sidebar-wrapper"><div class="article-sidebar"><div class="article-sidebar-button -show-on-tablet -hide-on-desktop-s"><span class="article-sidebar-title">Информация</span><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-primary-black"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M6 9l6 6 6-6" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round"/></svg> </span><div class="article-sidebar-text -show-on-tablet -hide-on-desktop-s"></div></div><div class="article-sidebar-wrapper -hide-on-tablet"><span class="bre-media-image article-sidebar-image _note-exclude _clean" data-width="100%" data-display="block"><span class="bre-media-figure _note-exclude _clean" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="image"><span class="bre-media-image-container"><meta itemprop="name" content="Земля"><meta itemprop="caption" content="Земля с высоты 36 000 км. 2023. Фото: метеорологический искусственный спутник MTG-I1."><meta itemprop="copyrightNotice" content=" © EUMETSAT / ESA"><span class="tw-flex tw-w-full" style=""><img src="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=ixENneJAt3migZx-yTw2jQ&filename=vault/3ed2c01f0c646ddc71a6db21b6d31659.webp&width=120" onerror="this.setAttribute('data-error', 1)" alt="Земля" data-nuxt-img sizes="320px" srcset="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=ixENneJAt3migZx-yTw2jQ&filename=vault/3ed2c01f0c646ddc71a6db21b6d31659.webp&width=120 120w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=J2JYPtlvGStEWajMlpUvxg&filename=vault/3ed2c01f0c646ddc71a6db21b6d31659.webp&width=320 320w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=YfNskBMVFWSbSDsQOV2-VQ&filename=vault/3ed2c01f0c646ddc71a6db21b6d31659.webp&width=480 480w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=T-1jxdM_vHh5Am7INyRCdA&filename=vault/3ed2c01f0c646ddc71a6db21b6d31659.webp&width=640 640w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=fz9W-TSyq5IsqtFkFITUNw&filename=vault/3ed2c01f0c646ddc71a6db21b6d31659.webp&width=768 768w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=upHn8VGf8l2v7WjEPg2IKA&filename=vault/3ed2c01f0c646ddc71a6db21b6d31659.webp&width=1024 1024w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=UOauE1CYOnhxNDlzZTcpxQ&filename=vault/3ed2c01f0c646ddc71a6db21b6d31659.webp&width=1280 1280w" title="Земля" class="" itemprop="contentUrl"></span></span></span></span><div class="article-sidebar-meta"><dl class="tw-mt-0"><dt>Области знаний:</dt><dd>География, Планетные тела Солнечной системы, Общая физическая география, Землеведение</dd><dt>Масса:</dt><dd>5.9733×10<sup>24</sup> кг</dd><dt>Масса:</dt><dd>1 масс Земли</dd><dt>Экваториальный радиус:</dt><dd>6378,1366 км</dd><dt>Полярный радиус:</dt><dd>6356,777 км</dd><dt>Средний радиус:</dt><dd>6371,032 км</dd><dt>Полярное сжатие:</dt><dd>0,00335</dd><dt>Средняя плотность:</dt><dd>5518 кг/м³</dd><dt>Первая космическая скорость:</dt><dd>7,910 км/с</dd><dt>Вторая космическая скорость:</dt><dd>11,186 км/с</dd><dt>Ускорение свободного падения на экваторе:</dt><dd>9,780 м/с²</dd><dt>Сидерический период осевого вращения:</dt><dd>0,997 сут</dd><dt>Солнечные сутки:</dt><dd>1 сут</dd><dt>Большая полуось орбиты:</dt><dd>1 а. е.</dd><dt>Эксцентриситет орбиты:</dt><dd>0,017</dd><dt>Расстояние от Солнца в перигелии:</dt><dd>0,983 а. е.</dd><dt>Расстояние от Солнца в афелии:</dt><dd>1,017 а. е.</dd><dt>Наклонение орбиты к плоскости эклиптики:</dt><dd>0 °</dd><dt>Период обращения:</dt><dd>1 год</dd><dt>Количество спутников:</dt><dd>1</dd></dl></div></div></div></div></aside></div></article></div></div><div></div></main><footer class="bre-footer" itemscope itemprop="hasPart" itemtype="https://schema.org/WPFooter"><meta itemprop="copyrightNotice" content="&copy;&nbsp;АНО БРЭ, 2022&nbsp;&mdash;&nbsp;2024. 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Все права защищены.</span></span></li><li class="-hide-on-tablet _stretch-width -text-caption-1 text-decoration-underline tw-text-gray-2 tw-cursor-pointer bre-inline-menu__item"><span data-v-tippy>Условия использования информации.<span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Вся информация, размещенная на данном портале, предназначена только для использования в личных целях и не подлежит дальнейшему воспроизведению.<br />Медиаконтент (иллюстрации, фотографии, видео, аудиоматериалы, карты, скан образы) может быть использован только с разрешения правообладателей.</span></span></span></li><li class="-show-on-tablet _stretch-width -text-caption-1 text-decoration-underline tw-text-gray-2 tw-cursor-pointer bre-inline-menu__item"><span data-v-tippy>Условия использования информации.<span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Вся информация, размещенная на данном портале, предназначена только для использования в личных целях и не подлежит дальнейшему воспроизведению.<br />Медиаконтент (иллюстрации, 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