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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Hungary and the Ottomans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hungary_and_the_Ottomans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consolidation_of_power_in_Bohemia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consolidation_of_power_in_Bohemia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Consolidation of power in Bohemia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consolidation_of_power_in_Bohemia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ferdinand_and_the_Augsburg_Peace_of_1555" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ferdinand_and_the_Augsburg_Peace_of_1555"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ferdinand and the Augsburg Peace of 1555</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ferdinand_and_the_Augsburg_Peace_of_1555-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ferdinand and the Augsburg Peace of 1555 subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ferdinand_and_the_Augsburg_Peace_of_1555-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Problems_with_the_Augsburg_settlement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Problems_with_the_Augsburg_settlement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Problems with the Augsburg settlement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Problems_with_the_Augsburg_settlement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Charles_V's_abdication" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Charles_V's_abdication"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Charles V's abdication</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Charles_V's_abdication-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Holy_Roman_Emperor_(1556–1564)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Holy_Roman_Emperor_(1556–1564)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Holy Roman Emperor (1556–1564)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Holy_Roman_Emperor_(1556–1564)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Holy Roman Emperor (1556–1564) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Holy_Roman_Emperor_(1556–1564)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_the_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_the_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>In the Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_the_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administration_of_Royal_Hungary,_Bohemia_and_Croatia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administration_of_Royal_Hungary,_Bohemia_and_Croatia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Administration of Royal Hungary, Bohemia and Croatia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administration_of_Royal_Hungary,_Bohemia_and_Croatia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death_and_succession" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death_and_succession"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Death and succession</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death_and_succession-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Name_in_other_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Name_in_other_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Name in other languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Name_in_other_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marriage_and_children" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marriage_and_children"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Marriage and children</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marriage_and_children-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heraldry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heraldry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Heraldry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heraldry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancestors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancestors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Ancestors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancestors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Male-line_family_tree" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Male-line_family_tree"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Male-line family tree</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Male-line_family_tree-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coinage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coinage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Coinage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coinage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 69 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-69" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">69 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_I" title="Ferdinand I – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ferdinand I" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_I._(HRR)" title="Ferdinand I. (HRR) – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Ferdinand I. (HRR)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84_(%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3)" title="فرديناند الأول (إمبراطور روماني مقدس) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فرديناند الأول (إمبراطور روماني مقدس)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_I_del_Sacru_Imperiu_Romanu_Xerm%C3%A1nicu" title="Fernando I del Sacru Imperiu Romanu Xermánicu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Fernando I del Sacru Imperiu Romanu Xermánicu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Ferdinand_(M%C3%BCq%C9%99dd%C9%99s_Roma_imperatoru)" title="I Ferdinand (Müqəddəs Roma imperatoru) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="I Ferdinand (Müqəddəs Roma imperatoru)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF_(%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1)" title="بیرینجی فردیناند (ایمپیراتور) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بیرینجی فردیناند (ایمپیراتور)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_1-s%C3%A8" title="Ferdinand 1-sè – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ferdinand 1-sè" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4_I_(%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D2%BB%D1%8B_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B)" title="Фердинанд I (Изге Рим империяһы императоры) – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Фердинанд I (Изге Рим империяһы императоры)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4_I_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Фердынанд I Габсбург – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Фердынанд I Габсбург" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4_I_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Фэрдынанд I Габсбург – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Фэрдынанд I Габсбург" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4_I_(%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Фердинанд I (Свещена Римска империя) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Фердинанд I (Свещена Римска империя)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_car_Svetog_Rimskog_Carstva" title="Ferdinand I, car Svetog Rimskog Carstva – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ferdinand I, car Svetog Rimskog Carstva" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Ia%C3%B1_an_Impalaeriezh_Santel" title="Ferdinand Iañ an Impalaeriezh Santel – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ferdinand Iañ an Impalaeriezh Santel" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferran_I_del_Sacre_Imperi_Romanogerm%C3%A0nic" title="Ferran I del Sacre Imperi Romanogermànic – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ferran I del Sacre Imperi Romanogermànic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_I._Habsbursk%C3%BD" title="Ferdinand I. Habsburský – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ferdinand I. Habsburský" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Ymerawdwr_Gl%C3%A2n_Rhufeinig" title="Ferdinand I, Ymerawdwr Glân Rhufeinig – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ferdinand I, Ymerawdwr Glân Rhufeinig" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_1._(Tysk-romerske_rige)" title="Ferdinand 1. (Tysk-romerske rige) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ferdinand 1. (Tysk-romerske rige)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_I._(HRR)" title="Ferdinand I. (HRR) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ferdinand I. (HRR)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_I_(Saksa-Rooma_keiser)" title="Ferdinand I (Saksa-Rooma keiser) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ferdinand I (Saksa-Rooma keiser)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%91%CE%84_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%91%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82_%CE%A1%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BA%CE%AE%CF%82_%CE%91%CF%85%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Φερδινάνδος Α΄ της Αγίας Ρωμαϊκής Αυτοκρατορίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φερδινάνδος Α΄ της Αγίας Ρωμαϊκής Αυτοκρατορίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_I_del_Sacro_Imperio_Romano_Germ%C3%A1nico" title="Fernando I del Sacro Imperio Romano Germánico – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fernando I del Sacro Imperio Romano Germánico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinando_la_1-a_(Sankta_Romia_Imperio)" title="Ferdinando la 1-a (Sankta Romia Imperio) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ferdinando la 1-a (Sankta Romia Imperio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_I.a_Germaniako_Erromatar_Inperio_Santukoa" title="Fernando I.a Germaniako Erromatar Inperio Santukoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Fernando I.a Germaniako Erromatar Inperio Santukoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF_%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%85%D8%8C_%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85" title="فردیناند یکم، امپراتور مقدس روم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فردیناند یکم، امپراتور مقدس روم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Ier_(empereur_du_Saint-Empire)" title="Ferdinand Ier (empereur du Saint-Empire) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ferdinand Ier (empereur du Saint-Empire)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_I,_Sacro_Emperador_Romano-Xerm%C3%A1nico" title="Fernando I, Sacro Emperador Romano-Xermánico – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Fernando I, Sacro Emperador Romano-Xermánico" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8E%98%EB%A5%B4%EB%94%94%EB%82%9C%ED%8A%B8_1%EC%84%B8_(%EC%8B%A0%EC%84%B1_%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%88_%ED%99%A9%EC%A0%9C)" title="페르디난트 1세 (신성 로마 황제) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="페르디난트 1세 (신성 로마 황제)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4_I_(%D5%8D%D6%80%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%80%D5%BC%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%AB_%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%BD%D6%80)" title="Ֆերդինանդ I (Սրբազան Հռոմի կայսր) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆերդինանդ I (Սրբազան Հռոմի կայսր)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_I.,_car_Svetog_Rimskog_Carstva" title="Ferdinand I., car Svetog Rimskog Carstva – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ferdinand I., car Svetog Rimskog Carstva" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Kaisar_Romawi_Suci" title="Ferdinand I, Kaisar Romawi Suci – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ferdinand I, Kaisar Romawi Suci" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinando_I_d%27Asburgo" title="Ferdinando I d'Asburgo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ferdinando I d'Asburgo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A0%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9F,_%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%94" title="פרדיננד הראשון, קיסר האימפריה הרומית הקדושה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרדיננד הראשון, קיסר האימפריה הרומית הקדושה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93_I_(%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98)" title="ფერდინანდ I (სრი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფერდინანდ I (სრი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinandus_I_(imperator)" title="Ferdinandus I (imperator) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ferdinandus I (imperator)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinands_I_H%C4%81bsburgs_(Sv%C4%93t%C4%81s_Romas_imperators)" title="Ferdinands I Hābsburgs (Svētās Romas imperators) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ferdinands I Hābsburgs (Svētās Romas imperators)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_I._(HRR)" title="Ferdinand I. (HRR) – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Ferdinand I. (HRR)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperatorius_Ferdinandas_I" title="Imperatorius Ferdinandas I – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Imperatorius Ferdinandas I" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/I._Ferdin%C3%A1nd_magyar_kir%C3%A1ly" title="I. Ferdinánd magyar király – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="I. Ferdinánd magyar király" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4_I_(%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)" title="Фердинанд I (Свето Римско Царство) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Фердинанд I (Свето Римско Царство)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_I" title="Ferdinand I – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Ferdinand I" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE_(%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F)" title="फर्डिनांड पहिला (पवित्र रोमन सम्राट) – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="फर्डिनांड पहिला (पवित्र रोमन सम्राट)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84_(%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89_%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3)" title="فرديناند الاول (امبراطور رومانى مقدس) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فرديناند الاول (امبراطور رومانى مقدس)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keizer_Ferdinand_I_(1503-1564)" title="Keizer Ferdinand I (1503-1564) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Keizer Ferdinand I (1503-1564)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AB%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%8A%E3%83%B3%E3%83%881%E4%B8%96_(%E7%A5%9E%E8%81%96%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D)" title="フェルディナント1世 (神聖ローマ皇帝) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フェルディナント1世 (神聖ローマ皇帝)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_I_av_Det_tysk-romerske_rike" title="Ferdinand I av Det tysk-romerske rike – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ferdinand I av Det tysk-romerske rike" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand" title="Ferdinand – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ferdinand" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_I._(HRR)" title="Ferdinand I. (HRR) – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Ferdinand I. (HRR)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdynand_I_Habsburg" title="Ferdynand I Habsburg – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ferdynand I Habsburg" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_I_do_Sacro_Imp%C3%A9rio_Romano-Germ%C3%A2nico" title="Fernando I do Sacro Império Romano-Germânico – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fernando I do Sacro Império Romano-Germânico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_I_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman" title="Ferdinand I al Sfântului Imperiu Roman – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ferdinand I al Sfântului Imperiu Roman" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4_I_(%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8)" title="Фердинанд I (император Священной Римской империи) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фердинанд I (император Священной Римской империи)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Haly_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand I, Haly Roman Emperor – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Ferdinand I, Haly Roman Emperor" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_I._(Sv%C3%A4t%C3%A1_r%C3%ADmska_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a)" title="Ferdinand I. (Svätá rímska ríša) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ferdinand I. (Svätá rímska ríša)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_I._Habsbur%C5%A1ki" title="Ferdinand I. Habsburški – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ferdinand I. Habsburški" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4_I,_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Фердинанд I, цар Светог римског царства – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Фердинанд I, цар Светог римског царства" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_I.,_car_Svetog_Rimskog_Carstva" title="Ferdinand I., car Svetog Rimskog Carstva – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ferdinand I., car Svetog Rimskog Carstva" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_I_Habsburg" title="Ferdinand I Habsburg – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ferdinand I Habsburg" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_I_(tysk-romersk_kejsare)" title="Ferdinand I (tysk-romersk kejsare) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ferdinand I (tysk-romersk kejsare)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_I_ng_Habsburgo" title="Fernando I ng Habsburgo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Fernando I ng Habsburgo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_1_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%8C" title="จักรพรรดิแฟร์ดีนันท์ที่ 1 แห่งจักรวรรดิโรมันอันศักดิ์สิทธิ์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จักรพรรดิแฟร์ดีนันท์ที่ 1 แห่งจักรวรรดิโรมันอันศักดิ์สิทธิ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/I._Ferdinand_(Kutsal_Roma_imparatoru)" title="I. Ferdinand (Kutsal Roma imparatoru) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="I. Ferdinand (Kutsal Roma imparatoru)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4_I_(%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%97_%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D1%97)" title="Фердинанд I (імператор Священної Римської імперії) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фердинанд I (імператор Священної Римської імперії)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%D8%8C_%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%B4%DB%81%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%81" title="فرڈینینڈ اول، مقدس رومی شہنشاہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فرڈینینڈ اول، مقدس رومی شہنشاہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_I_c%E1%BB%A7a_Th%C3%A1nh_ch%E1%BA%BF_La_M%C3%A3" title="Ferdinand I của Thánh chế La Mã – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ferdinand I của Thánh chế La Mã" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_I_van_et_Illig_R%C3%B4oms_Ryk" title="Ferdinand I van et Illig Rôoms Ryk – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Ferdinand I van et Illig Rôoms Ryk" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%90%E8%BF%AA%E5%8D%97%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96%EF%BC%88%E7%A5%9E%E5%9C%A3%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%EF%BC%89" title="斐迪南一世（神圣罗马帝国） – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="斐迪南一世（神圣罗马帝国）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%90%E8%BF%AA%E5%8D%97%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96_(%E7%A5%9E%E8%81%96%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B)" title="斐迪南一世 (神聖羅馬帝國) – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="斐迪南一世 (神聖羅馬帝國)" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Holy Roman Emperor from 1556 to 1564</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Austria" title="Ferdinand I of Austria">Ferdinand I of Austria</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Ferdinand I, Archduke of Austria" redirects here. For the later ruler, see <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Emperor_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand I, Emperor of Austria">Ferdinand I, Emperor of Austria</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Ferdinand I</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i><a href="/wiki/Imperator_Romanorum" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperator Romanorum">Imperator Romanorum</a></i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Hans_Bocksberger_der_Aeltere_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Hans_Bocksberger_der_Aeltere_001.jpg/220px-Hans_Bocksberger_der_Aeltere_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="433" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Hans_Bocksberger_der_Aeltere_001.jpg/330px-Hans_Bocksberger_der_Aeltere_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Hans_Bocksberger_der_Aeltere_001.jpg/440px-Hans_Bocksberger_der_Aeltere_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1421" data-file-height="2800" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Portrait by <a href="/wiki/Hans_Bocksberger_der_%C3%84ltere" title="Hans Bocksberger der Ältere">Hans Bocksberger der Ältere</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">27 August 1556 – <span class="nowrap">25 July 1564</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Proclamation</span></th><td class="infobox-data">14 March 1558, <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian II</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Romans" title="King of the Romans">King of the Romans</a><br /><a href="/wiki/King_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="King in Germany">King in Germany</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">5 January 1531 – <span class="nowrap">25 July 1564</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian II</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/King_of_Hungary" title="King of Hungary">King of Hungary</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Croatia">Croatia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/King_of_Bohemia" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Bohemia">Bohemia</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-note_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">1526 – <span class="nowrap">25 July 1564</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Coronation" title="Coronation">Coronation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">3 November 1527 (<a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Hungary</a>)<br />24 February 1527 (<a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bohemia" title="Kingdom of Bohemia">Bohemia</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Louis_II_of_Hungary" title="Louis II of Hungary">Louis II</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian II</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Archduke_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Archduke of Austria">Archduke of Austria</a><sup id="cite_ref-note2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-note2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">21 April 1521 – <span class="nowrap">25 July 1564</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data">Charles I</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian II</a> (Austria proper)<br /><a href="/wiki/Charles_II,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Charles II, Archduke of Austria">Charles II</a> (Inner Austria)<br /><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Ferdinand II, Archduke of Austria">Ferdinand II</a> (Further Austria)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">10 March 1503<br /><a href="/wiki/Alcal%C3%A1_de_Henares" title="Alcalá de Henares">Alcalá de Henares</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Castile" title="Crown of Castile">Crown of Castile</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">25 July 1564<span style="display:none">(1564-07-25)</span> (aged 61)<br /><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archduchy_of_Austria" title="Archduchy of Austria">Archduchy of Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label"><a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Vitus_Cathedral" title="St. Vitus Cathedral">St. Vitus Cathedral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bohemia" title="Bohemia">Czech Republic</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Bohemia_and_Hungary" title="Anne of Bohemia and Hungary">Anne of Bohemia and Hungary</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="26 May 1521">1521</span>; died <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="27 January 1547">1547</span>)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal"><i><a href="#Marriage_and_children">see detail...</a></i></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_Austria_(1526%E2%80%931545)" title="Elizabeth of Austria (1526–1545)">Elisabeth, Queen of Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Anna_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Anna of Austria">Anna, Duchess of Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Ferdinand II, Archduke of Austria">Ferdinand II, Archduke of Further Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_of_Austria,_Duchess_of_J%C3%BClich-Cleves-Berg" title="Maria of Austria, Duchess of Jülich-Cleves-Berg">Maria, Duchess of Jülich-Cleves-Berg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Magdalena_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Magdalena of Austria">Archduchess Magdalena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Austria,_Queen_of_Poland" title="Catherine of Austria, Queen of Poland">Catherine, Queen of Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Eleanor_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Eleanor of Austria">Eleanor, Duchess of Mantua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Margaret_of_Austria_(nun)" class="mw-redirect" title="Archduchess Margaret of Austria (nun)">Archduchess Margaret</a></li> <li>Archduke John</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Barbara_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Barbara of Austria">Barbara, Duchess of Ferrara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_II,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Charles II, Archduke of Austria">Charles II, Archduke of Inner Austria</a></li> <li>Archduchess Ursula</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Helena_of_Austria_(1543-1574)" class="mw-redirect" title="Archduchess Helena of Austria (1543-1574)">Archduchess Helena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanna_of_Austria,_Grand_Duchess_of_Tuscany" title="Joanna of Austria, Grand Duchess of Tuscany">Joanna, Grand Duchess of Tuscany</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">Habsburg</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Handsome" title="Philip the Handsome">Philip the Handsome</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joanna_of_Castile" title="Joanna of Castile">Joanna of Castile</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="notpageimage infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fernando_I_of_Holy_Roman_Empire_signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ferdinand I's signature"><img alt="Ferdinand I's signature" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Fernando_I_of_Holy_Roman_Empire_signature.svg/125px-Fernando_I_of_Holy_Roman_Empire_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Fernando_I_of_Holy_Roman_Empire_signature.svg/188px-Fernando_I_of_Holy_Roman_Empire_signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Fernando_I_of_Holy_Roman_Empire_signature.svg/250px-Fernando_I_of_Holy_Roman_Empire_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="295" data-file-height="95" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ferdinand I</b> (10 March 1503 – 25 July 1564) was <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a> from 1556, <a href="/wiki/King_of_Bohemia" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Bohemia">King of Bohemia</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_of_Hungary" title="King of Hungary">Hungary</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Croatia">Croatia</a> from 1526, and <a href="/wiki/Archduke_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Archduke of Austria">Archduke of Austria</a> from 1521 until his death in 1564.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica2009_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica2009-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cetin_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cetin-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before his accession as emperor, he ruled the <a href="/wiki/Erblande" title="Erblande">Austrian hereditary lands</a> of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">House of Habsburg</a> in the name of his elder brother, <a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor</a>. Also, he often served as Charles' representative in the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> and developed encouraging relationships with German princes. In addition, Ferdinand also developed valuable relationships with the German banking house of <a href="/wiki/Jakob_Fugger" title="Jakob Fugger">Jakob Fugger</a> and the Catalan bank, Banca Palenzuela Levi Kahana. </p><p>The key events during his reign were the conflict with the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, which in the 1520s began a great advance into Central Europe, and the Protestant <a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Reformation</a>, which resulted in several wars of religion. Although not a military leader, Ferdinand was a capable organizer with institutional imagination who focused on building a centralized government for Austria, Hungary, and Bohemia instead of striving for universal monarchy.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He reintroduced major innovations of his grandfather <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian I</a> such as the <i><a href="/wiki/Aulic_Council" title="Aulic Council">Hofrat</a></i> (court council) with a chancellery and a treasury attached to it (this time, the structure would last until the reform of <a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa" title="Maria Theresa">Maria Theresa</a>) and added innovations of his own such as the <i>Raitkammer</i> (collections office) and the <a href="/wiki/Hofkriegsrat" title="Hofkriegsrat">Hofkriegsrat</a>, conceived to counter the threat from the Ottoman Empire, while also successfully subduing the most radical of his rebellious Austrian subjects and turning the political class in Bohemia and Hungary into Habsburg partners.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFichtner201718,_19_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFichtner201718,_19-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While he was able to introduce uniform models of administration, the governments of Austria, Bohemia and Hungary remained distinct though.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFichtner201719_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFichtner201719-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His approach to Imperial problems, including governance, human relations and religious matters was generally flexible, moderate and tolerant.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ferdinand's motto was <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Fiat_iustitia,_et_pereat_mundus" title="Fiat iustitia, et pereat mundus">Fiat iustitia, et pereat mundus</a></i></span>: "Let justice be done, though the world perish".<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ferdinand was born in 1503 in <a href="/wiki/Alcal%C3%A1_de_Henares" title="Alcalá de Henares">Alcalá de Henares</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Castile" title="Kingdom of Castile">Castile</a>, the second son of <a href="/wiki/Philip_I_of_Castile" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip I of Castile">Philip I of Castile</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joanna_of_Castile" title="Joanna of Castile">Joanna of Castile</a>. He shared the same name, birthday (March 10th), culture and customs with his maternal grandfather, <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II_of_Aragon" title="Ferdinand II of Aragon">Ferdinand II of Aragon</a> and became the latter’s favorite grandchild, their own mothers also had the same name, <a href="/wiki/Juana_Enriquez" class="mw-redirect" title="Juana Enriquez">Juana Enriquez</a> and Joanna of Castile. After the death of his father in 1506, his maternal grandfather, Ferdinand II of Aragon, assumed guardianship of the prince. He was raised in the royal household and received an education in literature, the sciences, and languages. Ferdinand was a good student and grew up to be a patron of the arts and a patron of scholars at his court.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPotter2014331_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPotter2014331-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The prince did not learn German until he was a young adult. </p><p>Music played an important part in his childhood. When he was an infant, his maternal grandmother, <a href="/wiki/Isabella_I_of_Castile" title="Isabella I of Castile">Isabella I of Castile</a>, ordered that among the 24 servants attending the newborn, there should be four musicians. In 1505, after Isabella's death, King Ferdinand established for the younger Ferdinand a household with 62 servants and his own music chapel.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the summer of 1518 Ferdinand was sent to <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Netherlands" title="Habsburg Netherlands">Flanders</a> following his brother <a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles</a>'s arrival in Castile as newly appointed King Charles I the previous autumn. Ferdinand returned in command of his brother's fleet but en route was blown off-course and spent four days in <a href="/wiki/Kinsale" title="Kinsale">Kinsale</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> before reaching his destination. With the death of his grandfather Maximilian I and the accession of his now 19-year-old brother, Charles V, to the title of the Holy Roman Emperor in 1519, Ferdinand was entrusted with the government of the Austrian hereditary lands, roughly modern-day <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>. He was <a href="/wiki/Archduchy_of_Austria" title="Archduchy of Austria">Archduke of Austria</a> from 1521 to 1564. Though he supported his brother, Ferdinand also managed to strengthen his own realm. By adopting the German language and culture later in his life, he also grew close to the German territorial princes. </p><p>After the death of his brother-in-law <a href="/wiki/Louis_II_of_Hungary" title="Louis II of Hungary">Louis II</a>, Ferdinand ruled as king of <a href="/wiki/Bohemia" title="Bohemia">Bohemia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1526%E2%80%931867)" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1526–1867)">Hungary</a> (1526–1564).<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica2009_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica2009-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bartleby.com_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bartleby.com-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ferdinand also served as his brother's deputy in the Holy Roman Empire during his brother's many absences, and in 1531 <a href="/wiki/1531_imperial_election" title="1531 imperial election">was elected</a> <a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Romans" title="King of the Romans">King of the Romans</a>, making him Charles's designated heir in the empire. Charles abdicated in 1556 and Ferdinand adopted the title "Emperor elect", with the ratification of the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Diet_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Imperial Diet (Holy Roman Empire)">Imperial diet</a> taking place in 1558,<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica2009_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica2009-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-valero_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-valero-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the kingdoms in the Iberian peninsula, the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples" title="Kingdom of Naples">Naples</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Sicily</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Milan" title="Duchy of Milan">Milan</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Seventeen_Provinces" title="Seventeen Provinces">Netherlands</a> and <a href="/wiki/County_of_Burgundy" title="County of Burgundy">Franche-Comté</a> went to <a href="/wiki/Philip_II,_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip II, of Spain">Philip</a>, son of Charles. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hungary_and_the_Ottomans">Hungary and the Ottomans</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Hungary and the Ottomans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Little_War_in_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Little War in Hungary">Little War in Hungary</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anonym_Kaiser_Ferdinand_I.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Anonym_Kaiser_Ferdinand_I.jpg/220px-Anonym_Kaiser_Ferdinand_I.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="313" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Anonym_Kaiser_Ferdinand_I.jpg/330px-Anonym_Kaiser_Ferdinand_I.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Anonym_Kaiser_Ferdinand_I.jpg/440px-Anonym_Kaiser_Ferdinand_I.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2280" data-file-height="3248" /></a><figcaption>Ferdinand as a young boy</figcaption></figure> <p>According to the terms set at the <a href="/wiki/First_Congress_of_Vienna" title="First Congress of Vienna">First Congress of Vienna</a> in 1515, Ferdinand married <a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Bohemia_and_Hungary" title="Anne of Bohemia and Hungary">Anne Jagiellonica</a>, daughter of King <a href="/wiki/Vladislaus_II_of_Hungary" title="Vladislaus II of Hungary">Vladislaus II of Hungary</a> and Bohemia on 22 July 1515.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERasmussen201865_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERasmussen201865-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both Hungary and Bohemia were <a href="/wiki/Elective_monarchies" class="mw-redirect" title="Elective monarchies">elective monarchies</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where the parliaments had the sovereign right to decide about the person of the king. Therefore, after the death of his brother-in-law <a href="/wiki/Louis_II_of_Hungary" title="Louis II of Hungary">Louis II of Hungary</a> and Bohemia, at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Moh%C3%A1cs" title="Battle of Mohács">Battle of Mohács</a> on 29 August 1526, Ferdinand immediately applied to the parliaments of <a href="/wiki/Diet_of_Hungary" title="Diet of Hungary">Hungary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bohemian_Diet" title="Bohemian Diet">Bohemia</a> to participate as a candidate in the royal elections. On 24 October 1526 the Bohemian Diet, acting under the influence of chancellor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_of_Hradce&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adam of Hradce (page does not exist)">Adam of Hradce</a>, elected Ferdinand king of Bohemia under conditions of confirming traditional privileges of the estates and also moving the Habsburg court to <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a>. The success was only partial, as the Diet refused to recognise Ferdinand as hereditary lord of the kingdom. </p><p>The throne of Hungary became the subject of a dynastic dispute between Ferdinand and <a href="/wiki/John_Z%C3%A1polya" title="John Zápolya">John Zápolya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Voivode_of_Transylvania" title="Voivode of Transylvania">Voivode of Transylvania</a>. They were supported by different factions of the nobility in the Hungarian kingdom. Ferdinand also had the support of his brother, the Emperor <a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V</a>. </p><p>On 10 November 1526, John Zápolya was proclaimed king by a Diet at <a href="/wiki/Sz%C3%A9kesfeh%C3%A9rv%C3%A1r" title="Székesfehérvár">Székesfehérvár</a>, elected in the parliament by the untitled lesser nobility (gentry). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Nicolaus_Olahus" title="Nicolaus Olahus">Nicolaus Olahus</a>, secretary of Louis, attached himself to the party of Ferdinand but retained his position with his sister, Queen Dowager <a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Hungary_(governor_of_the_Netherlands)" title="Mary of Hungary (governor of the Netherlands)">Mary</a>. Ferdinand was also elected <a href="/wiki/King_of_Hungary" title="King of Hungary">King of Hungary, Dalmatia, Croatia, Slavonia</a>, etc. by the higher aristocracy (the magnates or barons) and the Hungarian Catholic clergy in a rump Diet in <a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Pozsony</a> (<i>Bratislava</i> in Slovak) on 17 December 1526.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Accordingly, Ferdinand was crowned as King of Hungary in the <a href="/wiki/Sz%C3%A9kesfeh%C3%A9rv%C3%A1r_Basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="Székesfehérvár Basilica">Székesfehérvár Basilica</a> on 3 November 1527. </p><p>The Croatian nobles unanimously accepted the Pozsony election of Ferdinand I, receiving him as their king in the <a href="/wiki/1527_election_in_Cetin" title="1527 election in Cetin">1527 election in Cetin</a>, and confirming the succession to him and his heirs.<sup id="cite_ref-archive.org_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archive.org-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In return for the throne, King Ferdinand promised to respect the historic rights, freedoms, laws and customs of the Croats when they united with the Hungarian kingdom and to defend Croatia from <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> invasion.<sup id="cite_ref-Cetin_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cetin-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Brendan_Simms" title="Brendan Simms">Brendan Simms</a> notes that the reason Ferdinand was able to gain this sphere of power was Charles V's difficulties in coordinating between the Austrian, Hungarian fronts and his Mediterranean fronts in the face of the Ottoman threat, as well as in his German, Burgundian and Italian theatres of war against German Protestant princes and France. Thus the defense of central Europe was subcontracted to Ferdinand as well as many responsibilities involving the management of the empire. Charles V abdicated as archduke of Austria 1522, and nine years after that he had the German princes <a href="/wiki/1531_Imperial_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1531 Imperial election">elect</a> Ferdinand as <a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Romans" title="King of the Romans">King of the Romans</a>, who thus became his designated successor. "This had profound implications for state formation in south-eastern Europe. Ferdinand rescued Bohemia and Silesia from the Hungarian wreckage, making his north-eastern flank more secure. He told the Austrian Landtag, the assembled representatives of the nobility, at <a href="/wiki/Linz" title="Linz">Linz</a> in 1530 that 'the Turks cannot be resisted unless the Kingdom of Hungary was in the hands of an Archduke of Austria or another German prince'. After some hesitation, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia_(Habsburg)" title="Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg)">Croatia</a> and the Hungarian rump joined the Habsburgs. In both cases, the link was essentially a contractual one, directly linked to Ferdinand's ability to provide protection against the Turks."<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Austrian lands were in miserable economic and financial conditions, but Ferdinand was forced to introduce the so-called Turk Tax (<i>Türkensteuer</i>) to finance his campaign against the Ottoman threat. In spite of the huge Austrian sacrifices, he was not able to collect enough money to pay for the expenses of the defence costs of Austrian lands. His annual revenues only allowed him to hire 5,000 mercenaries for two months; thus Ferdinand asked for help from his brother, Emperor Charles V, and started to borrow money from rich bankers like the <a href="/wiki/Fugger_family" title="Fugger family">Fugger family</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ferdinand <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_campaign_of_1527%E2%80%9328" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarian campaign of 1527–28">defeated</a> Zápolya at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tarcal" title="Battle of Tarcal">Battle of Tarcal</a> in September 1527 and again in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Szina" title="Battle of Szina">Battle of Szina</a> in March 1528. Zápolya fled the country and applied to Sultan <a href="/wiki/Suleiman_the_Magnificent" title="Suleiman the Magnificent">Suleiman the Magnificent</a> for support, making Hungary an Ottoman vassal state. </p><p>This led to the most dangerous moment of Ferdinand's career, in 1529, when Suleiman <a href="/wiki/Balkan_campaign_of_1529" class="mw-redirect" title="Balkan campaign of 1529">took advantage</a> of this Hungarian support for a massive but ultimately unsuccessful assault on Ferdinand's capital: the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Vienna_(1529)" title="Siege of Vienna (1529)">Siege of Vienna</a>, which sent Ferdinand to refuge in Bohemia. A further Ottoman invasion was repelled in 1532 (see <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_G%C3%BCns" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Güns">Siege of Güns</a>). In that year Ferdinand <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Constantinople_(1533)" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Constantinople (1533)">made peace</a> with the Ottomans, splitting Hungary into a Habsburg sector in the west (Royal Hungary), and John Zápolya's domain in the east (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Hungarian_Kingdom" title="Eastern Hungarian Kingdom">Eastern Hungarian Kingdom</a>), the latter effectively a vassal state of the Ottoman Empire. </p><p>Together with the formation of the <a href="/wiki/Schmalkaldic_League" title="Schmalkaldic League">Schmalkaldic League</a> in 1531, this struggle with the Ottomans caused Ferdinand to grant the <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Religious_Peace" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuremberg Religious Peace">Nuremberg Religious Peace</a>. As long as he hoped for a favorable response from his humiliating overtures to Suleiman, Ferdinand was not inclined to grant the peace which the <a href="/wiki/Protestants" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestants">Protestants</a> demanded at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diet_of_Regensburg_(1532)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diet of Regensburg (1532) (page does not exist)">Diet of Regensburg</a> which met in April 1532. But as the army of Suleiman drew nearer he yielded and on 23 July 1532 the peace was concluded at <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg" title="Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a> where the final deliberations took place. Those who had up to this time joined the Reformation obtained religious liberty until the meeting of a council and in a separate compact all proceedings in matters of religion pending before the imperial chamber court were temporarily paused.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Ferdinand,_Infant_of_Spain,_Archduke_of_Austria,_KG.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Coat_of_arms_of_Ferdinand%2C_Infant_of_Spain%2C_Archduke_of_Austria%2C_KG.png/220px-Coat_of_arms_of_Ferdinand%2C_Infant_of_Spain%2C_Archduke_of_Austria%2C_KG.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Coat_of_arms_of_Ferdinand%2C_Infant_of_Spain%2C_Archduke_of_Austria%2C_KG.png/330px-Coat_of_arms_of_Ferdinand%2C_Infant_of_Spain%2C_Archduke_of_Austria%2C_KG.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Coat_of_arms_of_Ferdinand%2C_Infant_of_Spain%2C_Archduke_of_Austria%2C_KG.png/440px-Coat_of_arms_of_Ferdinand%2C_Infant_of_Spain%2C_Archduke_of_Austria%2C_KG.png 2x" data-file-width="1158" data-file-height="1158" /></a><figcaption>Arms of Ferdinand, Infante of Spain and Archduke of Austria, KG, at the time of his installation as a knight of the Most Noble Order of the Garter</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1538, in the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Nagyv%C3%A1rad" title="Treaty of Nagyvárad">Treaty of Nagyvárad</a>, Ferdinand induced the childless Zápolya to name him as his successor. But in 1540, just before his death, Zápolya had a son, <a href="/wiki/John_Sigismund_Z%C3%A1polya" title="John Sigismund Zápolya">John II Sigismund</a>, who was promptly elected king by the Diet. Ferdinand invaded Hungary, but the regent, Frater <a href="/wiki/George_Martinuzzi" title="George Martinuzzi">George Martinuzzi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_V%C3%A1rad" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop of Várad">Bishop of Várad</a>, called on the Ottomans for protection. Suleiman marched into Hungary (see <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Buda_(1541)" title="Siege of Buda (1541)">Siege of Buda (1541)</a>) and not only drove Ferdinand out of central Hungary, he forced Ferdinand to agree to pay tribute for his lands in western Hungary.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>John II Sigismund was also supported by King <a href="/wiki/Sigismund_I_the_Old" title="Sigismund I the Old">Sigismund I</a> of <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland" title="Crown of the Kingdom of Poland">Poland</a>, his mother's father, but in 1543 Sigismund made a treaty with the Habsburgs and Poland became neutral. Prince <a href="/wiki/Sigismund_II_Augustus" title="Sigismund II Augustus">Sigismund Augustus</a> married Archduchess <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_of_Austria_(1526-1545)" class="mw-redirect" title="Elisabeth of Austria (1526-1545)">Elisabeth of Austria</a>, Ferdinand's daughter. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:N%C3%A1dasdy_Mausoleum_-_I._Ferdin%C3%A1nd_kir%C3%A1ly.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/N%C3%A1dasdy_Mausoleum_-_I._Ferdin%C3%A1nd_kir%C3%A1ly.jpg/220px-N%C3%A1dasdy_Mausoleum_-_I._Ferdin%C3%A1nd_kir%C3%A1ly.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="346" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/N%C3%A1dasdy_Mausoleum_-_I._Ferdin%C3%A1nd_kir%C3%A1ly.jpg/330px-N%C3%A1dasdy_Mausoleum_-_I._Ferdin%C3%A1nd_kir%C3%A1ly.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/N%C3%A1dasdy_Mausoleum_-_I._Ferdin%C3%A1nd_kir%C3%A1ly.jpg/440px-N%C3%A1dasdy_Mausoleum_-_I._Ferdin%C3%A1nd_kir%C3%A1ly.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1095" data-file-height="1723" /></a><figcaption>King Ferdinand I of Hungary (<a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1dasdy_Mausoleum" title="Nádasdy Mausoleum">Nádasdy Mausoleum</a>, 1664)</figcaption></figure> <p>Suleiman had allocated Transylvania and eastern Royal Hungary to John II Sigismund, which became the "<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Hungarian_Kingdom" title="Eastern Hungarian Kingdom">Eastern Hungarian Kingdom</a>", reigned over by his mother, <a href="/wiki/Isabella_Jagiellon" title="Isabella Jagiellon">Isabella Jagiellon</a>, with Martinuzzi as the real power. But Isabella's hostile intrigues and threats from the Ottomans led Martinuzzi to switch round. In 1549, he agreed to support Ferdinand's claim, and Imperial armies marched into Transylvania. In the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Weissenburg" title="Treaty of Weissenburg">Treaty of Weissenburg</a> (1551), Isabella agreed on behalf of John II Sigismund to abdicate as king of Hungary and to hand over the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Crown_of_Hungary" title="Holy Crown of Hungary">Holy Crown of Hungary</a> and regalia. Thus Royal Hungary and Transylvania went to Ferdinand, who agreed to recognise John II Sigismund as vassal Prince of Transylvania and betrothed one of his daughters to him. Meanwhile, Martinuzzi attempted to keep the Ottomans happy even after they responded by sending troops. Ferdinand's general Castaldo suspected Martinuzzi of treason and with Ferdinand's approval had him killed. </p><p>Since Martinuzzi was by this time an <a href="/wiki/Archbishop" title="Archbishop">archbishop</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholicism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal (Catholicism)">Cardinal</a>, this was a shocking act, and <a href="/wiki/Pope_Julius_III" title="Pope Julius III">Pope Julius III</a> <a href="/wiki/Excommunicated" class="mw-redirect" title="Excommunicated">excommunicated</a> Castaldo and Ferdinand. Ferdinand sent the Pope a long accusation of treason against Martinuzzi in 87 articles, supported by 116 witnesses. The Pope exonerated Ferdinand and lifted the excommunications in 1555.<sup id="cite_ref-NCE_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCE-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Habsburg_wars" title="Ottoman–Habsburg wars">war in Hungary</a> continued. Ferdinand was unable to keep the Ottomans out of Hungary. In 1554, Ferdinand sent <a href="/wiki/Ogier_Ghiselin_de_Busbecq" title="Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq">Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq</a> to <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> to discuss a border treaty with Suleiman, but he could achieve nothing. In 1556 the Diet returned John II Sigismund to the eastern Hungarian throne, where he remained until 1570. De Busbecq returned to Constantinople in 1556, and succeeded on his second try. </p><p>The Austrian branch of Habsburg monarchs needed the economic power of Hungary for the Ottoman wars. During the Ottoman wars the territory of the former <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Kingdom of Hungary</a> shrank by around seventy percent. Despite these enormous territorial and demographic losses, the smaller, heavily war-torn Royal Hungary had remained economically more important to the Habsburg rulers than Austria or Kingdom of Bohemia even at the end of the 16th century.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Out of all his countries, the depleted Kingdom of Hungary was, at that time, Ferdinand's largest source of revenue.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Consolidation_of_power_in_Bohemia">Consolidation of power in Bohemia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Consolidation of power in Bohemia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/The_Estates_Revolt_in_1547" class="mw-redirect" title="The Estates Revolt in 1547">The Estates Revolt in 1547</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bemberg_Fondation_Toulouse_-_Portrait_paintings_of_Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor_by_Jan_Cornelisz_Vermeyen_Inv.1056.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Bemberg_Fondation_Toulouse_-_Portrait_paintings_of_Ferdinand_I%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor_by_Jan_Cornelisz_Vermeyen_Inv.1056.jpg/220px-Bemberg_Fondation_Toulouse_-_Portrait_paintings_of_Ferdinand_I%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor_by_Jan_Cornelisz_Vermeyen_Inv.1056.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Bemberg_Fondation_Toulouse_-_Portrait_paintings_of_Ferdinand_I%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor_by_Jan_Cornelisz_Vermeyen_Inv.1056.jpg/330px-Bemberg_Fondation_Toulouse_-_Portrait_paintings_of_Ferdinand_I%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor_by_Jan_Cornelisz_Vermeyen_Inv.1056.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Bemberg_Fondation_Toulouse_-_Portrait_paintings_of_Ferdinand_I%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor_by_Jan_Cornelisz_Vermeyen_Inv.1056.jpg/440px-Bemberg_Fondation_Toulouse_-_Portrait_paintings_of_Ferdinand_I%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor_by_Jan_Cornelisz_Vermeyen_Inv.1056.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4060" data-file-height="5368" /></a><figcaption>Ferdinand in 1531, the year of his election as <a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Romans" title="King of the Romans">King of the Romans</a></figcaption></figure> <p>When he took control of the <a href="/wiki/Lands_of_the_Bohemian_Crown" title="Lands of the Bohemian Crown">Bohemian lands</a> in the 1520s, their religious situation was complex. Its German population was composed of Catholics and Lutherans. Some Czechs were receptive to Lutheranism, but most of them adhered to <a href="/wiki/Utraquist" class="mw-redirect" title="Utraquist">Utraquist</a> <a href="/wiki/Hussitism" class="mw-redirect" title="Hussitism">Hussitism</a>, while a minority of them adhered to <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Roman Catholicism</a>. A significant number of Utraquists favoured an alliance with the Protestants.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At first, Ferdinand accepted this situation and he gave considerable freedom to the Bohemian estates. In the 1540s, the situation changed. In Germany, while most Protestant princes had hitherto favored negotiation with the emperor and while many had supported him in his wars, they became increasingly confrontational during this decade. Some of them even went to war against the emperor, and many Bohemian (German or Czech) Protestants or Utraquists sympathized with them.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ferdinand and his son <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian</a> participated in the <a href="/wiki/Schmalkaldic_War" title="Schmalkaldic War">victorious campaign</a> of <a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V</a> against the German Protestants in 1547. The same year, he also defeated a <a href="/wiki/The_Estates_Revolt_in_1547" class="mw-redirect" title="The Estates Revolt in 1547">Protestant revolt in Bohemia</a>, where the estates and a large part of the nobility had denied him support in the German campaign. This allowed him to increase his power in this realm. He centralized his administration, revoked many urban privileges and confiscated properties.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ferdinand also sought to strengthen the position of the Catholic Church in the Bohemian lands, and favoured the installation of the <a href="/wiki/Jesuits" title="Jesuits">Jesuits</a> there. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ferdinand_and_the_Augsburg_Peace_of_1555">Ferdinand and the Augsburg Peace of 1555</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ferdinand and the Augsburg Peace of 1555"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 1550s, Ferdinand managed to win some key victories on the imperial scene. Unlike his brother, he opposed <a href="/wiki/Albert_Alcibiades,_Margrave_of_Brandenburg-Kulmbach" title="Albert Alcibiades, Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach">Albert Alcibiades, Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach</a> and participated in his defeat.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This defeat, along with his German ways, made Ferdinand more popular than the emperor among Protestant princes. This allowed him to play a critical role in the settlement of the religious issue in the empire. </p><p>After decades of religious and political unrest in the German states, Charles V ordered a general <a href="/wiki/Diet_of_Augsburg" title="Diet of Augsburg">Diet in Augsburg</a> at which the various states would discuss the religious problem and its solution. Charles himself did not attend, and delegated authority to his brother, Ferdinand, to "act and settle" disputes of territory, religion and local power.<sup id="cite_ref-Holborn,_p._241_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holborn,_p._241-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the conference, which opened on 5 February, Ferdinand cajoled, persuaded and threatened the various representatives into agreement on three important principles promulgated on 25 September: </p> <ol><li>The principle of <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Cuius_regio,_eius_religio" title="Cuius regio, eius religio">cuius regio, eius religio</a></i></span></i> ("Whose realm, his religion") provided for internal religious unity within a state: the religion of the prince became the religion of the state and all its inhabitants. Those inhabitants who could not conform to the prince's religion were allowed to leave, an innovative idea in the sixteenth century. This principle was discussed at length by the various delegates, who finally reached agreement on the specifics of its wording after examining the problem and the proposed solution from every possible angle.</li> <li>The second principle, called the <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Reservatum_ecclesiasticum" title="Reservatum ecclesiasticum">reservatum ecclesiasticum</a></i></span></i> (ecclesiastical reservation), covered the special status of the ecclesiastical state. If the prelate of an ecclesiastic state changed his religion, the men and women living in that state did not have to do so. Instead, the prelate was expected to resign from his post, although this was not spelled out in the agreement.</li> <li>The third principle, known as <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Declaratio_Ferdinandei" title="Declaratio Ferdinandei">Declaratio Ferdinandei</a></i></span></i> (Ferdinand's Declaration), exempted <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Knight" title="Imperial Knight">knights</a> and some of the <a href="/wiki/Free_imperial_city" title="Free imperial city">cities</a> from the requirement of religious uniformity, if the reformed religion had been practised there since the mid-1520s, allowing for a few mixed cities and towns where Catholics and Lutherans had lived together. It also protected the authority of the princely families, the knights and some of the cities to determine what religious uniformity meant in their territories. Ferdinand inserted this at the last minute, on his own authority.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Problems_with_the_Augsburg_settlement">Problems with the Augsburg settlement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Problems with the Augsburg settlement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Armor_of_Emperor_Ferdinand_I_(1503%E2%80%931564)_MET_DT773.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Armor_of_Emperor_Ferdinand_I_%281503%E2%80%931564%29_MET_DT773.jpg/220px-Armor_of_Emperor_Ferdinand_I_%281503%E2%80%931564%29_MET_DT773.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="388" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Armor_of_Emperor_Ferdinand_I_%281503%E2%80%931564%29_MET_DT773.jpg/330px-Armor_of_Emperor_Ferdinand_I_%281503%E2%80%931564%29_MET_DT773.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Armor_of_Emperor_Ferdinand_I_%281503%E2%80%931564%29_MET_DT773.jpg/440px-Armor_of_Emperor_Ferdinand_I_%281503%E2%80%931564%29_MET_DT773.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2108" data-file-height="3722" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Armor_of_Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Armor of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor">Armor of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor</a></i>, created when he was still <a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Romans" title="King of the Romans">King of the Romans</a> in 1549</figcaption></figure> <p>After 1555, the Peace of Augsburg became the legitimating legal document governing the co-existence of the Lutheran and Catholic faiths in the German lands of the Holy Roman Empire, and it served to ameliorate many of the tensions between followers of the "Old Faith" (<a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a>) and the followers of Luther, but it had two fundamental flaws. First, Ferdinand had rushed the article on <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Reservatum_ecclesiasticum" title="Reservatum ecclesiasticum">reservatum ecclesiasticum</a></i></span></i> through the debate; it had not undergone the scrutiny and discussion that attended the widespread acceptance and support of <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">cuius regio, eius religio</i></span></i>. Consequently, its wording did not cover all, or even most, potential legal scenarios. The <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Declaratio Ferdinandei</i></span></i> was not debated in plenary session at all; using his authority to "act and settle,"<sup id="cite_ref-Holborn,_p._241_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holborn,_p._241-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ferdinand had added it at the last minute, responding to lobbying by princely families and knights.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While these specific failings came back to haunt the empire in subsequent decades, perhaps the greatest weakness of the Peace of Augsburg was its failure to take into account the growing diversity of religious expression emerging in the so-called evangelical and reformed traditions. Other confessions had acquired popular, if not legal, legitimacy in the intervening decades and by 1555, the reforms proposed by Luther were no longer the only possibilities of religious expression: <a href="/wiki/Anabaptists" class="mw-redirect" title="Anabaptists">Anabaptists</a>, such as the Frisian <a href="/wiki/Menno_Simons" title="Menno Simons">Menno Simons</a> (1492–1559) and his followers; the followers of <a href="/wiki/John_Calvin" title="John Calvin">John Calvin</a>, who were particularly strong in the southwest and the northwest; and the followers of <a href="/wiki/Huldrych_Zwingli" title="Huldrych Zwingli">Huldrych Zwingli</a> were excluded from considerations and protections under the Peace of Augsburg. According to the Augsburg agreement, their religious beliefs remained heretical.<sup id="cite_ref-Holborn,_pp._243–246_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holborn,_pp._243–246-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Charles_V's_abdication"><span id="Charles_V.27s_abdication"></span>Charles V's abdication</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Charles V's abdication"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1556, amid great pomp, and leaning on the shoulder of one of his favourites (the 24-year-old <a href="/wiki/William_the_Silent" title="William the Silent">William the Silent</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Charles gave away his lands and his offices. The <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a>, which included Spain, the <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Netherlands" title="Habsburg Netherlands">Habsburg Netherlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples" title="Kingdom of Naples">Kingdom of Naples</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Milan" title="Duchy of Milan">Duchy of Milan</a> and Spain's possessions in the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Spanish colonization of the Americas">Americas</a>, went to his son, <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip</a>. Ferdinand became <a href="/wiki/Suo_jure" title="Suo jure">suo jure</a> monarch in Austria and succeeded Charles as Holy Roman Emperor.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This course of events had been guaranteed already on 5 January 1531 when Ferdinand had been elected the <a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Romans" title="King of the Romans">King of the Romans</a> and so the legitimate successor of the reigning emperor. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CoA_of_later_Ferdinand_I_Holy_Roman_Emperor_as_King_of_the_Romans_1536_Hofburg_Wien_Austria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/CoA_of_later_Ferdinand_I_Holy_Roman_Emperor_as_King_of_the_Romans_1536_Hofburg_Wien_Austria.jpg/220px-CoA_of_later_Ferdinand_I_Holy_Roman_Emperor_as_King_of_the_Romans_1536_Hofburg_Wien_Austria.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/CoA_of_later_Ferdinand_I_Holy_Roman_Emperor_as_King_of_the_Romans_1536_Hofburg_Wien_Austria.jpg/330px-CoA_of_later_Ferdinand_I_Holy_Roman_Emperor_as_King_of_the_Romans_1536_Hofburg_Wien_Austria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/CoA_of_later_Ferdinand_I_Holy_Roman_Emperor_as_King_of_the_Romans_1536_Hofburg_Wien_Austria.jpg/440px-CoA_of_later_Ferdinand_I_Holy_Roman_Emperor_as_King_of_the_Romans_1536_Hofburg_Wien_Austria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2487" data-file-height="3040" /></a><figcaption>Coat of arms of Ferdinand I as King of the Romans, 1536, Hofburg palace, Vienna</figcaption></figure> <p>Charles's choices were appropriate. Philip was culturally Spanish: he was born in <a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a> and raised in the Spanish court, his native tongue was Spanish, and he preferred to live in Spain. Ferdinand was familiar with, and to, the other princes of the Holy Roman Empire. Although he too had been born in Spain, he had administered his brother's affairs in the empire since 1531.<sup id="cite_ref-Holborn,_pp._243–246_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holborn,_pp._243–246-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some historians maintain Ferdinand had also been touched by the reformed philosophies, and was probably the closest the Holy Roman Empire ever came to a Protestant emperor; he remained nominally a Catholic throughout his life, although reportedly he refused last rites on his deathbed.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other historians maintain he was as Catholic as his brother, but tended to see religion as outside the political sphere.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Charles' abdication had far-reaching consequences in Imperial diplomatic relations with France and the Netherlands, particularly in his allotment of the Spanish kingdom to Philip. In France, the kings and their ministers grew increasingly uneasy about Habsburg encirclement and sought allies against Habsburg hegemony from among the border German territories, and even from some of the Protestant kings. In the Netherlands, Philip's ascension in Spain raised particular problems; for the sake of harmony, order, and prosperity Charles had not blocked the Reformation, and had tolerated a high level of local autonomy. An ardent Catholic and rigidly autocratic prince, Philip pursued an aggressive political, economic and religious policy toward the Dutch, resulting in a <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Revolt">Dutch rebellion</a> shortly after he became king. Philip's militant response meant the occupation of much of the upper provinces by troops of, or hired by, <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Spain" title="Habsburg Spain">Habsburg Spain</a> and the constant ebb and flow of Spanish men and provisions on the so-called <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Road" title="Spanish Road">Spanish Road</a> from northern Italy, through the <a href="/wiki/Franche-Comt%C3%A9" title="Franche-Comté">Franche-Comté</a>, to and from Flanders.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Holy_Roman_Emperor_(1556–1564)"><span id="Holy_Roman_Emperor_.281556.E2.80.931564.29"></span>Holy Roman Emperor (1556–1564)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Holy Roman Emperor (1556–1564)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ferdinand_I_by_Martin_Rota.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Ferdinand_I_by_Martin_Rota.jpg/220px-Ferdinand_I_by_Martin_Rota.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="313" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Ferdinand_I_by_Martin_Rota.jpg/330px-Ferdinand_I_by_Martin_Rota.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Ferdinand_I_by_Martin_Rota.jpg/440px-Ferdinand_I_by_Martin_Rota.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1134" data-file-height="1611" /></a><figcaption>Posthumous engraving of Ferdinand by <a href="/wiki/Martin_Rota" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin Rota">Martin Rota</a>, 1575</figcaption></figure> <p>Charles abdicated as emperor in August 1556 in favor of his brother Ferdinand. Given the settlement of 1521 and the election of 1531, Ferdinand became Holy Roman Emperor and <i><a href="/wiki/Suo_jure" title="Suo jure">suo jure</a></i> Archduke of Austria. Due to lengthy debate and bureaucratic procedure, the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Diet_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Imperial Diet (Holy Roman Empire)">Imperial Diet</a> did not accept the Imperial succession until 3 May 1558. The Pope refused to recognize Ferdinand as emperor until 1559, when <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Cateau-Cambr%C3%A9sis_(1559)" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis (1559)">peace was reached</a> between <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">France</a> and the Habsburgs. During his reign, the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Trent" title="Council of Trent">Council of Trent</a> came to an end. Ferdinand organized an <a href="/wiki/1562_imperial_election" title="1562 imperial election">Imperial election in 1562</a> in order to secure the succession of his son Maximilian II. <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venetian</a> ambassadors to Ferdinand recall in their <a href="/wiki/Relazione" title="Relazione">Relazioni</a> the emperor's pragmatism and his ability to speak multiple languages. Several issues of the Council of Trent were solved after a compromise was personally reached between Emperor Ferdinand and Morone, the <a href="/wiki/Papal_legate" title="Papal legate">papal legate</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_the_Empire">In the Empire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: In the Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An important invention of Ferdinand was the <i><a href="/wiki/Hofkriegsrat" title="Hofkriegsrat">Hofkriegsrat</a></i> (Aulic War Council), officially established in 1556 to coordinate military affairs in all Habsburg lands (inside and outside the Holy Roman Empire).<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Together with the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reichshofkanzlei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reichshofkanzlei (page does not exist)">Reichshofkanzlei</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reichshofkanzlei" class="extiw" title="de:Reichshofkanzlei">de</a>]</span> (established in 1559, merging the Imperial and Austrian Chancelleries, thus also dealing with affairs of both Imperial and Habsburg lands) and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hofkammer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hofkammer (page does not exist)">Hofkammer</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hofkammer_(Habsburgermonarchie)" class="extiw" title="de:Hofkammer (Habsburgermonarchie)">de</a>]</span> (the Finance Chamber, which received imperial taxes from the <i>Reichspfennig meister</i>), it formed the core of the Habsburg government in Vienna. The <i><a href="/wiki/Reichshofrat" class="mw-redirect" title="Reichshofrat">Reichshofrat</a></i> was revived to deal with affairs concerning imperial prerogatives. In 1556, an ordinance was issued to ensure Imperial and dynastic affairs were managed separately (by two groups of officials from the same institution) though.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his time, the influence of the Estates in these institutions were limited. For each <i>Länder</i><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Circle" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Circle">group</a>, regiments (or governments) and treasury offices were created.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Unlike Maximilian I and Charles V, Ferdinand I was not a nomadic ruler. In 1533, he moved his residence to <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a> and spent most of his time there. After experiencing the Turkish siege of 1529, Ferdinand worked hard to make Vienna an impregnable fortress.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After his 1558 accession, Vienna became the imperial capital.<sup id="cite_ref-Princeton_University_Press_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Princeton_University_Press-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administration_of_Royal_Hungary,_Bohemia_and_Croatia"><span id="Administration_of_Royal_Hungary.2C_Bohemia_and_Croatia"></span>Administration of Royal Hungary, Bohemia and Croatia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Administration of Royal Hungary, Bohemia and Croatia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:C%C3%ADsa%C5%99_Ferdinand_I._Habsbursk%C3%BD_(bez_r%C3%A1mu).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/C%C3%ADsa%C5%99_Ferdinand_I._Habsbursk%C3%BD_%28bez_r%C3%A1mu%29.jpg/200px-C%C3%ADsa%C5%99_Ferdinand_I._Habsbursk%C3%BD_%28bez_r%C3%A1mu%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="452" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/C%C3%ADsa%C5%99_Ferdinand_I._Habsbursk%C3%BD_%28bez_r%C3%A1mu%29.jpg/300px-C%C3%ADsa%C5%99_Ferdinand_I._Habsbursk%C3%BD_%28bez_r%C3%A1mu%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/C%C3%ADsa%C5%99_Ferdinand_I._Habsbursk%C3%BD_%28bez_r%C3%A1mu%29.jpg/400px-C%C3%ADsa%C5%99_Ferdinand_I._Habsbursk%C3%BD_%28bez_r%C3%A1mu%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1405" data-file-height="3175" /></a><figcaption>Ferdinand. 16th-century Czech portrait</figcaption></figure> <p>Since 1542, Charles V and Ferdinand had been able to collect the Common Penny tax, or <i>Türkenhilfe</i> (Turkish aid), designed to protect the empire against the Ottomans or France. But as Hungary, unlike Bohemia, was not part of the empire, the Imperial aid for Hungary depended on political factors. The obligation was only in effect if Vienna or the empire was threatened.<sup id="cite_ref-Princeton_University_Press_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Princeton_University_Press-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The western part of Hungary over which Ferdinand had dominion became known as Royal Hungary. As the ruler of Austria, Bohemia and Royal Hungary, Ferdinand adopted a policy of centralisation and, in common with other monarchs of the time, the construction of an <a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarchy" title="Absolute monarchy">absolute monarchy</a>. In 1527, soon after ascending the throne, he published a constitution for his hereditary domains (<i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Hofstaatsordnung</i></span></i>) and established Austrian-style institutions in <a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Pressburg</a> for Hungary, in <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a> for Bohemia, and in <a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław">Breslau</a> for <a href="/wiki/Silesia" title="Silesia">Silesia</a>. </p><p>Ferdinand was able to introduce more uniform governments for his realms and also strengthen his control over finance in Bohemia, which provided him with half of his revenue. The governments basically remained independent of each other though. An Austrian could make a career in Bohemian administration but usually only after naturalization, except for some royal protégés such as Florian Griespeck, while it was virtually unheard of (in contrast with the future) for a Bohemian to gain advancement in the Austrian government.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans200682_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans200682-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An elected king himself, he gradually nudged the monarchy towards becoming hereditary, which would finally succeed under <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Ferdinand_I_of_Austria_(1503-1564)_as_King_of_Hungary_and_Bohemia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Coat_of_Arms_of_Ferdinand_I_of_Austria_%281503-1564%29_as_King_of_Hungary_and_Bohemia.svg/180px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Ferdinand_I_of_Austria_%281503-1564%29_as_King_of_Hungary_and_Bohemia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Coat_of_Arms_of_Ferdinand_I_of_Austria_%281503-1564%29_as_King_of_Hungary_and_Bohemia.svg/270px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Ferdinand_I_of_Austria_%281503-1564%29_as_King_of_Hungary_and_Bohemia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Coat_of_Arms_of_Ferdinand_I_of_Austria_%281503-1564%29_as_King_of_Hungary_and_Bohemia.svg/360px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Ferdinand_I_of_Austria_%281503-1564%29_as_King_of_Hungary_and_Bohemia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="1053" /></a><figcaption>Coat of Arms of Ferdinand I of Austria (1503–1564) as King of Hungary and Bohemia</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1547 the <a href="/wiki/Bohemian_Estates" class="mw-redirect" title="Bohemian Estates">Bohemian Estates</a> rebelled against Ferdinand after he had ordered the Bohemian army to move against the German <a href="/wiki/Protestants" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestants">Protestants</a>. After suppressing the revolt, he retaliated by limiting the privileges of Bohemian cities and inserting a new bureaucracy of royal officials to control urban authorities. Ferdinand was a supporter of the <a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Counter-Reformation</a> and helped lead the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Catholic</a> response against what he saw as the heretical tide of Protestantism. For example, in 1551 he invited the <a href="/wiki/Jesuits" title="Jesuits">Jesuits</a> to Vienna and in 1556 to Prague. Finally, in 1561 Ferdinand revived the <a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Prague" class="mw-redirect" title="Archdiocese of Prague">Archdiocese of Prague</a>, which had been previously liquidated due to the success of the Protestants. </p><p>After the Ottoman invasion of Hungary the traditional Hungarian coronation city <a href="/wiki/Sz%C3%A9kesfeh%C3%A9rv%C3%A1r" title="Székesfehérvár">Székesfehérvár</a> came under Ottoman occupation. Thus, in 1536 the Hungarian Diet decided that a new place for coronation of the king as well as a meeting place for the Diet itself would be set in <a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Pressburg</a>. Ferdinand proposed that the Hungarian and Bohemian diets should convene and hold debates together with the Austrian estates, but all parties refused such an innovation. </p><p>In Hungary, the monarchy remained elective until 1627 (with Habsburgs' female inheritance rights being acknowledged in 1723), although the kings that followed Ferdinand would always be Habsburgs.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A rudimentary union between Austria, Hungary and Bohemia was formed though, on the basis of common legal status. Ferdinand had an interest in keeping Bohemia separate from imperial jurisdiction and making the connection between Bohemia and the empire looser (Bohemia did not have to pay taxes to the empire). As he gained the rights of an Imperial prince-elector as king of Bohemia, he was able to give Bohemia (as well as associated territories such as <a href="/wiki/Upper_Lusatia" title="Upper Lusatia">Upper</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lower_Lusatia" title="Lower Lusatia">Lower Lusatia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duchies_of_Silesia" title="Duchies of Silesia">Silesia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Margraviate_of_Moravia" title="Margraviate of Moravia">Moravia</a>) the same privileged status as Austria, therefore affirming his superior position in the empire.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death_and_succession">Death and succession</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Death and succession"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GrabFerdinand_I_Maximilian_II_Anna_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/GrabFerdinand_I_Maximilian_II_Anna_1.JPG/220px-GrabFerdinand_I_Maximilian_II_Anna_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/GrabFerdinand_I_Maximilian_II_Anna_1.JPG/330px-GrabFerdinand_I_Maximilian_II_Anna_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/GrabFerdinand_I_Maximilian_II_Anna_1.JPG/440px-GrabFerdinand_I_Maximilian_II_Anna_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="526" data-file-height="350" /></a><figcaption>The graves of Ferdinand I, <a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Bohemia_and_Hungary" title="Anne of Bohemia and Hungary">Anne of Bohemia and Hungary</a>, Maximilian II in the <a href="/wiki/St._Vitus_Cathedral" title="St. Vitus Cathedral">St. Vitus Cathedral</a> at <a href="/wiki/Prague_Castle" title="Prague Castle">Prague Castle</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In December 1562, Ferdinand had Archduke <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian</a>, his eldest son <a href="/wiki/1562_imperial_election" title="1562 imperial election">elected</a> <a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Romans" title="King of the Romans">King of the Romans</a>. This was followed with succession in Bohemia, and in 1563, the crown of Hungary.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ferdinand died in <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a> in 1564 and is buried in <a href="/wiki/St._Vitus_Cathedral" title="St. Vitus Cathedral">St. Vitus Cathedral</a> in Prague. After his death, Maximilian ascended unchallenged.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPotter2014340_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPotter2014340-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Division_of_the_House_of_Habsburg_in_1556.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Division_of_the_House_of_Habsburg_in_1556.jpg/220px-Division_of_the_House_of_Habsburg_in_1556.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Division_of_the_House_of_Habsburg_in_1556.jpg/330px-Division_of_the_House_of_Habsburg_in_1556.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Division_of_the_House_of_Habsburg_in_1556.jpg/440px-Division_of_the_House_of_Habsburg_in_1556.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="812" /></a><figcaption>Partition of Habsburg dominions in 1556</figcaption></figure> <p>Ferdinand's legacy ultimately proved enduring. Though lacking resources, he managed to defend his land against the Ottomans with limited support from his brother, and even secured a part of Hungary that would later provide the basis for the conquest of the whole kingdom by the Habsburgs. In his own possessions, he built a tax system that, though imperfect, would continue to be used by his successors.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His handling of the Protestant Reformation proved more flexible and more effective than that of his brother and he played a key part in the settlement of 1555, which started an era of peace in Germany. His statesmanship, overall, was cautious and effective. On the other hand, when he engaged in more audacious endeavours, like his offensives against <a href="/wiki/Buda" title="Buda">Buda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pest,_Hungary" title="Pest, Hungary">Pest</a>, it often ended in failure. </p><p>Fichtner remarks that Ferdinand was a mediocre military commander (thus the many difficulties in dealing with the Ottomans in Hungary) but an energetic and very imaginative administrator, who produced a framework for his empire that endured into the eighteenth century. The core included a court council, privy council, central treasury and a body for military affairs, with the written business conducted by a common chancery. In his time and in practice, Bohemia and Hungary resisted cooperating with the structure but the German territories widely imitated it.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFichtner200998_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFichtner200998-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ferdinand was also a patron of the arts. He embellished Vienna and Prague. The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Vienna" title="University of Vienna">University of Vienna</a> was reorganized. He also called Jesuits to the capital city, attracted architects and scholars from Italy and the Low Countries to create an intellectual <i>milieu</i> surrounding the court. He promoted scholarly interest in Oriental languages.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMunckRomano2019361_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMunckRomano2019361-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Humanism" title="Humanism">humanists</a> he invited had a major influence on his son Maximilian. He was particularly fond of music and hunting. While not a gifted commander, he was interested in military matters and participated in several campaigns during his reign. </p><p>He was the last <a href="/wiki/List_of_German_monarchs" title="List of German monarchs">King of Germany</a> crowned in <a href="/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen">Aachen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name_in_other_languages">Name in other languages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Name in other languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>German, <a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovenian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovenian language">Slovenian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a>: <i lang="hr">Ferdinand I.</i>; <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>: <i lang="hu">I. Ferdinánd</i>; Spanish: <i lang="es">Fernando I</i>; <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Ferdinando I</i>; <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">1. Ferdinand</i>; <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: <i lang="pl">Ferdynand I.</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marriage_and_children">Marriage and children</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Marriage and children"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 26 May 1521 in <a href="/wiki/Linz" title="Linz">Linz</a>, Austria, Ferdinand married <a href="/wiki/Anna_of_Bohemia_and_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Anna of Bohemia and Hungary">Anna of Bohemia and Hungary</a> (1503–1547), daughter of <a href="/wiki/Vladislaus_II_of_Bohemia_and_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Vladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary">Vladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary</a> and his wife <a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Foix-Candale" title="Anne of Foix-Candale">Anne of Foix-Candale</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERasmussen201865_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERasmussen201865-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They had fifteen children, all but two of whom reached adulthood: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Birth</th> <th>Death</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_Austria_(1526%E2%80%931545)" title="Elizabeth of Austria (1526–1545)">Elizabeth</a></td> <td>9 July 1526</td> <td>15 June 1545</td> <td>Married to the future King <a href="/wiki/Sigismund_II_Augustus" title="Sigismund II Augustus">Sigismund II Augustus</a> of Poland </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor</a></td> <td>31 July 1527</td> <td>12 October 1576</td> <td>Married to his first cousin <a href="/wiki/Maria_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria of Spain">Maria of Spain</a> and had issue<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWardProtheroLeathes1934table_32_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWardProtheroLeathes1934table_32-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Anna_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Anna of Austria">Anna</a></td> <td>7 July 1528</td> <td>16/17 October 1590</td> <td>Married to <a href="/wiki/Albert_V,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Albert V, Duke of Bavaria">Albert V, Duke of Bavaria</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWardProtheroLeathes1934table_32_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWardProtheroLeathes1934table_32-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Ferdinand II, Archduke of Austria">Ferdinand II, Archduke of Austria</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWardProtheroLeathes1934table_32_61-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWardProtheroLeathes1934table_32-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>14 June 1529</td> <td>24 January 1595</td> <td>Married to <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Welser" title="Philippine Welser">Philippine Welser</a> and then to his niece (<i>daughter of Eleanor</i>) <a href="/wiki/Anne_Juliana_Gonzaga" class="mw-redirect" title="Anne Juliana Gonzaga">Anne Juliana Gonzaga</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maria_of_Austria,_Duchess_of_J%C3%BClich-Cleves-Berg" title="Maria of Austria, Duchess of Jülich-Cleves-Berg">Maria</a></td> <td>15 May 1531</td> <td>11 December 1581</td> <td>Married to <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm,_Duke_of_J%C3%BClich-Cleves-Berg" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilhelm, Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg">Wilhelm, Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWardProtheroLeathes1934table_32_61-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWardProtheroLeathes1934table_32-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Magdalena_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Magdalena of Austria">Magdalena</a></td> <td>14 August 1532</td> <td>10 September 1590</td> <td>A nun </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Austria,_Queen_of_Poland" title="Catherine of Austria, Queen of Poland">Catherine</a></td> <td>15 September 1533 </td> <td>28 February 1572</td> <td>Married to <a href="/wiki/Francesco_III_Gonzaga,_Duke_of_Mantua" title="Francesco III Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua">Duke Francesco III of Mantua</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHickson2016101_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHickson2016101-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and then to King <a href="/wiki/Sigismund_II_Augustus" title="Sigismund II Augustus">Sigismund II Augustus of Poland</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavies1982137_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavies1982137-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Eleonora_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Eleonora of Austria">Eleanor</a></td> <td>2 November 1534</td> <td>5 August 1594</td> <td>Married to <a href="/wiki/William_I,_Duke_of_Mantua" class="mw-redirect" title="William I, Duke of Mantua">William I, Duke of Mantua</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Margaret_of_Austria_(nun)" class="mw-redirect" title="Archduchess Margaret of Austria (nun)">Margaret</a></td> <td>16 February 1536</td> <td>12 March 1567</td> <td>A nun </td></tr> <tr> <td>John</td> <td>10 April 1538</td> <td>20 March 1539</td> <td>Died in childhood </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Barbara_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbara of Austria">Barbara</a></td> <td>30 April 1539</td> <td>19 September 1572</td> <td>Married to <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_II_d%27Este" title="Alfonso II d'Este">Alfonso II, Duke of Ferrara and Modena</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Charles_II,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Charles II, Archduke of Austria">Charles II, Archduke of Austria</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWardProtheroLeathes1934table_32_61-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWardProtheroLeathes1934table_32-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>3 June 1540</td> <td>10 July 1590</td> <td>Father of <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ursula</td> <td>24 July 1541</td> <td>30 April 1543</td> <td>Died in childhood </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Helena_of_Austria_(1543%E2%80%931574)" title="Archduchess Helena of Austria (1543–1574)">Helena</a></td> <td>7 January 1543</td> <td>5 March 1574</td> <td>A nun </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Joanna_of_Austria,_Grand_Duchess_of_Tuscany" title="Joanna of Austria, Grand Duchess of Tuscany">Joanna</a></td> <td>24 January 1547</td> <td>10 April 1578</td> <td>Married to <a href="/wiki/Francesco_I_de%27_Medici,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" class="mw-redirect" title="Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany">Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWardProtheroLeathes1934table_32_61-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWardProtheroLeathes1934table_32-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Heraldry">Heraldry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Heraldry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="toccolours collapsible collapsed" width="100%" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#ccccff;">Heraldry of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor </th></tr> <tr> <td> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Archduke_Ferdinand_of_Austria,_Infante_of_Spain.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Coat_of_Arms_of_Archduke_Ferdinand_of_Austria%2C_Infante_of_Spain.svg/175px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Archduke_Ferdinand_of_Austria%2C_Infante_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Coat_of_Arms_of_Archduke_Ferdinand_of_Austria%2C_Infante_of_Spain.svg/263px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Archduke_Ferdinand_of_Austria%2C_Infante_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Coat_of_Arms_of_Archduke_Ferdinand_of_Austria%2C_Infante_of_Spain.svg/350px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Archduke_Ferdinand_of_Austria%2C_Infante_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="1053" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Ferdinand_I_of_Austria_(1503-1564)_as_King_of_Hungary_and_Bohemia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Coat_of_Arms_of_Ferdinand_I_of_Austria_%281503-1564%29_as_King_of_Hungary_and_Bohemia.svg/175px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Ferdinand_I_of_Austria_%281503-1564%29_as_King_of_Hungary_and_Bohemia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Coat_of_Arms_of_Ferdinand_I_of_Austria_%281503-1564%29_as_King_of_Hungary_and_Bohemia.svg/263px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Ferdinand_I_of_Austria_%281503-1564%29_as_King_of_Hungary_and_Bohemia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Coat_of_Arms_of_Ferdinand_I_of_Austria_%281503-1564%29_as_King_of_Hungary_and_Bohemia.svg/350px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Ferdinand_I_of_Austria_%281503-1564%29_as_King_of_Hungary_and_Bohemia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="1053" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Ferdinand_I_and_Maximilian_II_as_Kings_of_the_Romans.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Coat_of_Arms_of_Ferdinand_I_and_Maximilian_II_as_Kings_of_the_Romans.svg/175px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Ferdinand_I_and_Maximilian_II_as_Kings_of_the_Romans.svg.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Coat_of_Arms_of_Ferdinand_I_and_Maximilian_II_as_Kings_of_the_Romans.svg/263px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Ferdinand_I_and_Maximilian_II_as_Kings_of_the_Romans.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Coat_of_Arms_of_Ferdinand_I_and_Maximilian_II_as_Kings_of_the_Romans.svg/350px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Ferdinand_I_and_Maximilian_II_as_Kings_of_the_Romans.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="1053" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greater_Coat_of_Arms_of_Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Greater_Coat_of_Arms_of_Ferdinand_I%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor.svg/205px-Greater_Coat_of_Arms_of_Ferdinand_I%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="205" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Greater_Coat_of_Arms_of_Ferdinand_I%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor.svg/308px-Greater_Coat_of_Arms_of_Ferdinand_I%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Greater_Coat_of_Arms_of_Ferdinand_I%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor.svg/410px-Greater_Coat_of_Arms_of_Ferdinand_I%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="919" data-file-height="1271" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Coat of arms as Infante of Spain, Archduke of Austria<br /><small>(1520–1526)</small> </td> <td>Coat of arms as King of Hungary & Bohemia<br /><small>(1526–1564)</small> </td> <td>Coat of arms as King of the Romans<br /><small>(1531–1564)</small> </td> <td>Coat of arms as Holy Roman Emperor<br /><small>(1558–1564)</small> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ancestors">Ancestors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Ancestors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886387087">.mw-parser-output table.ahnentafel{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0;line-height:130%}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel tr{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-t{border-top:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-b{border-bottom:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}</style><div class="noresize"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="margin:0.3em auto;clear:none;min-width:60em;width:auto;font-size:88%;border:1px solid #aaa"><tbody><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.2em 4.3em;background:none;color:inherit;width:auto">Ancestors of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor</th></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><table class="ahnentafel" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">8. <a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor</a><sup id="cite_ref-1911-Maximilian_I_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1911-Maximilian_I-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">4. <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor</a><sup id="cite_ref-BLKO-Philip_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BLKO-Philip-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">9. <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Portugal,_Holy_Roman_Empress" title="Eleanor of Portugal, Holy Roman Empress">Eleanor of Portugal</a><sup id="cite_ref-1911-Maximilian_I_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1911-Maximilian_I-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fb9;">2. <a href="/wiki/Philip_I_of_Castile" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip I of Castile">Philip I of Castile</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">10. <a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Bold" title="Charles the Bold">Charles I, Duke of Burgundy</a><sup id="cite_ref-1911-Charles_the_Bold_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1911-Charles_the_Bold-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">5. <a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Burgundy" title="Mary of Burgundy">Mary, Duchess of Burgundy</a><sup id="cite_ref-BLKO-Philip_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BLKO-Philip-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">11. <a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_Bourbon" title="Isabella of Bourbon">Isabella of Bourbon</a><sup id="cite_ref-1911-Charles_the_Bold_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1911-Charles_the_Bold-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fcc;">1. <b>Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor</b></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="11"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">12. <a href="/wiki/John_II_of_Aragon_and_Navarre" class="mw-redirect" title="John II of Aragon and Navarre">John II of Aragon</a><sup id="cite_ref-1911-Ferdinand_V_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1911-Ferdinand_V-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">6. <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II_of_Aragon" title="Ferdinand II of Aragon">Ferdinand II of Aragon</a><sup id="cite_ref-1911-Joanna_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1911-Joanna-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">13. <a href="/wiki/Juana_Enriquez" class="mw-redirect" title="Juana Enriquez">Juana Enriquez</a><sup id="cite_ref-1911-Ferdinand_V_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1911-Ferdinand_V-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fb9;">3. <a href="/wiki/Joanna_of_Castile" title="Joanna of Castile">Joanna I of Castile</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">14. <a href="/wiki/John_II_of_Castile" title="John II of Castile">John II of Castile</a><sup id="cite_ref-1911-Isabella_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1911-Isabella-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">7. <a href="/wiki/Isabella_I_of_Castile" title="Isabella I of Castile">Isabella I of Castile</a><sup id="cite_ref-1911-Joanna_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1911-Joanna-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">15. <a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_Portugal,_Queen_of_Castile" title="Isabella of Portugal, Queen of Castile">Isabella of Portugal</a><sup id="cite_ref-1911-Isabella_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1911-Isabella-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Male-line_family_tree">Male-line family tree</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Male-line family tree"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="collapsible collapsed" style="margin: 0.3em auto auto; clear:none; min-width:60em; width:auto; font-size:85%; border:1px solid #aaa"> <tbody><tr> <th style="padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.2em 4.3em;background:#CDF; color: black; width:auto"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float:left"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Habsburg_family_tree" title="Template:Habsburg family tree"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Habsburg_family_tree" title="Template talk:Habsburg family tree"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Habsburg_family_tree" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Habsburg family tree"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">House of Habsburg</a><sup id="cite_ref-Chart_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chart-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"> <table style="border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; margin: 0 auto;"> <tbody><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:0px solid;padding:0.2em"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#D4F1F9; color:black;"> </span> <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">Original line</a></span></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:#D4F1F9"><a href="/wiki/Albert_IV,_Count_of_Habsburg" title="Albert IV, Count of Habsburg"><b>Albert</b><br />Count of Habsburg</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1188</span>–1239</span></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:#D4F1F9"><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_I_of_Germany" title="Rudolf I of Germany"><b>Rudolf I</b><br />of Germany</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1218</span>–1291</span></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:#D4F1F9"><a href="/wiki/Albert_I_of_Germany" title="Albert I of Germany"><b>Albert I</b><br />of Germany</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1255–1308</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><b>Hartmann</b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1263–1281</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_II,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Rudolf II, Duke of Austria"><b>Rudolf II</b><br />Duke of Austria</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1270–1290</span></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_I_of_Bohemia" title="Rudolf I of Bohemia"><b>Rudolf I</b><br />of Bohemia</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1281–1307</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_the_Fair" title="Frederick the Fair"><b>Frederick</b><br />the Fair</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1289</span>–1330</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Leopold_I,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Leopold I, Duke of Austria"><b>Leopold I</b><br />Duke of Austria</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1290–1326</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:#D4F1F9"><a href="/wiki/Albert_II,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Albert II, Duke of Austria"><b>Albert II</b><br />Duke of Austria</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1298–1358</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Henry_the_Friendly" title="Henry the Friendly"><b>Henry</b><br />the Friendly</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1299–1327</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Otto,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Otto, Duke of Austria"><b>Otto</b><br />Duke of Austria</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1301–1339</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/John_Parricida" title="John Parricida"><b>John</b><br />Parricida</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1290</span>–1312/1313</span></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:0px solid;padding:0.2em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFDDF4; color:black;"> </span> <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Albertinian_Line" title="Albertinian Line">Albertinian line</a></span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:0px solid;padding:0.2em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#CEF2DA; color:black;"> </span> <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Leopoldian_line" title="Leopoldian line">Leopoldian line</a></span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_IV,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria"><b>Rudolf IV</b><br />Duke of Austria</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1339–1365</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_III_of_Austria" title="Frederick III of Austria"><b>Frederick III</b></a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1347–1362</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:#FFDDF4"><a href="/wiki/Albert_III,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Albert III, Duke of Austria"><b>Albert III</b><br />Duke of Austria</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1349–1395</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:#CEF2DA"><a href="/wiki/Leopold_III,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Leopold III, Duke of Austria"><b>Leopold III</b><br />Duke of Austria</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1351–1386</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><b>Frederick II</b><br />Duke of Austria<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1327–1344</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Leopold_II,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Leopold II, Duke of Austria"><b>Leopold II</b><br />Duke of Austria</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1328–1344</span></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:#FFDDF4"><a href="/wiki/Albert_IV,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Albert IV, Duke of Austria"><b>Albert IV</b><br />Duke of Austria</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1377–1404</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/William,_Duke_of_Austria" title="William, Duke of Austria"><b>William</b><br />Duke of Austria</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1370</span>–1406</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Leopold_IV,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Leopold IV, Duke of Austria"><b>Leopold IV</b><br />Duke of Austria</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1371–1411</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:#CEF2DA"><a href="/wiki/Ernest,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Ernest, Duke of Austria"><b>Ernest</b><br />Duke of Austria</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1377–1424</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_IV,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Frederick IV, Duke of Austria"><b>Frederick IV</b><br />Duke of Austria</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1382–1439</span></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:#FFDDF4"><a href="/wiki/Albert_II_of_Germany" title="Albert II of Germany"><b>Albert II</b><br />of Germany</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1397–1439</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:#CEF2DA"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor"><b>Frederick III</b><br />HRE</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1415–1493</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Albert_VI,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Albert VI, Archduke of Austria"><b>Albert VI</b><br />Archduke of Austria</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1418–1463</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Sigismund,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Sigismund, Archduke of Austria"><b>Sigismund</b><br />Archduke of Austria</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1427–1496</span></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:#FFDDF4"><a href="/wiki/Ladislaus_the_Posthumous" title="Ladislaus the Posthumous"><b>Ladislaus</b><br />the Posthumous</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1440–1457</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:#CEF2DA"><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor"><b>Maximilian I</b><br />HRE</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1459–1519</span></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:#CEF2DA"><a href="/wiki/Philip_I_of_Castile" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip I of Castile"><b>Philip I</b><br />of Castile</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1478–1506</span></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:0px solid;padding:0.2em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E0B0FF; color:black;"> </span> <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Template:House_of_Habsburg_(Spain)" title="Template:House of Habsburg (Spain)">Spanish</a> / <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Union" title="Iberian Union">Iberian</a> <a href="/wiki/Philippine_dynasty" title="Philippine dynasty">line</a></span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:0px solid;padding:0.2em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#B1D2FF; color:black;"> </span> <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">Austrian</a> / <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">HRE line</a></span></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:#E0B0FF"><a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor"><b>Charles V</b><br />HRE</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1500–1558</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:#B1D2FF"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><b>Ferdinand I</b><br />HRE</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1503–1564</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:#E0B0FF"><a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain"><b>Philip II</b><br />of Spain</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1527–1598</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor"><b>Maximilian II</b><br />HRE</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1527–1576</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Ferdinand II, Archduke of Austria"><b>Ferdinand II</b><br />Archduke of Austria</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1529–1595</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:#B1D2FF"><a href="/wiki/Charles_II,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Charles II, Archduke of Austria"><b>Charles II</b><br />Archduke of Austria</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1540–1590</span></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Carlos,_Prince_of_Asturias" title="Carlos, Prince of Asturias"><b>Carlos</b><br />Prince of Asturias</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1545–1568</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:#E0B0FF"><a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_Spain" title="Philip III of Spain"><b>Philip III</b><br />of Spain</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1578–1621</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor"><b>Rudolf II</b><br />HRE</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1552–1612</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Ernest_of_Austria" title="Archduke Ernest of Austria"><b>Ernest</b><br />of Austria</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1553–1595</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Matthias,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor"><b>Matthias</b><br />HRE</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1557–1619</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_III,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Maximilian III, Archduke of Austria"><b>Maximilian III</b><br />Archduke of Austria</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1558–1618</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Albert_VII,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Albert VII, Archduke of Austria"><b>Albert VII</b><br />Archduke of Austria</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1559–1621</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Wenceslaus_of_Austria" title="Archduke Wenceslaus of Austria"><b>Wenceslaus</b><br />Archduke of Austria</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1561–1578</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Margrave_Andrew_of_Burgau" title="Margrave Andrew of Burgau"><b>Andrew</b><br />Margrave of Burgau</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1558–1600</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Charles,_Margrave_of_Burgau" title="Charles, Margrave of Burgau"><b>Charles</b><br />Margrave of Burgau</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1560–1618</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:#B1D2FF"><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor"><b>Ferdinand II</b><br />HRE</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1578–1637</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Maximilian_Ernest_of_Austria" title="Archduke Maximilian Ernest of Austria"><b>Maximilian Ernest</b><br />of Austria</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1583–1616</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Leopold_V,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Leopold V, Archduke of Austria"><b>Leopold V</b><br />Archduke of Austria</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1586–1632</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Charles_of_Austria,_Bishop_of_Wroclaw" title="Charles of Austria, Bishop of Wroclaw"><b>Charles</b><br />of Austria</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1590–1624</span></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:#E0B0FF"><a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_Spain" title="Philip IV of Spain"><b>Philip IV</b><br />of Spain</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1605–1665</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Infante_Carlos_of_Spain_(1607%E2%80%931632)" title="Infante Carlos of Spain (1607–1632)"><b>Charles</b><br />of Austria</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1607–1632</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Cardinal-Infante_Ferdinand_of_Austria" title="Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria"><b>Ferdinand</b><br />of Austria</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1609–1641</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><b>John-Charles</b><br />of Austria<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1605–1619</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:#B1D2FF"><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor"><b>Ferdinand III</b><br />HRE</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1608–1657</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Leopold_Wilhelm_of_Austria" title="Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria"><b>Leopold Wilhelm</b><br />of Austria</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1614–1662</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Charles,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Ferdinand Charles, Archduke of Austria"><b>Ferdinand Charles</b><br />Archduke of Austria</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1628–1662</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Sigismund_Francis,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Sigismund Francis, Archduke of Austria"><b>Sigismund Francis</b><br />Archduke of Austria</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1630–1665</span></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Balthasar_Charles,_Prince_of_Asturias" title="Balthasar Charles, Prince of Asturias"><b>Balthasar Charles</b><br />Prince of Asturias</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1629–1646</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:#E0B0FF"><a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_Spain" title="Charles II of Spain"><b>Charles II</b><br />of Spain</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1661–1700</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_IV,_King_of_the_Romans" title="Ferdinand IV, King of the Romans"><b>Ferdinand IV</b><br />King of the Romans</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1633–1654</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:#B1D2FF"><a href="/wiki/Leopold_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor"><b>Leopold I</b><br />HRE</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1640–1705</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Charles_Joseph_of_Austria" title="Archduke Charles Joseph of Austria"><b>Charles Joseph</b><br />of Austria</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1649–1664</span></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor"><b>Joseph I</b><br />HRE</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1678–1711</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor"><b>Charles VI</b><br />HRE</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">1685–1740</span></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left;"><b>Notes:</b> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Chart-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chart_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://habsburg.org/family-history/extended-family-tree/?lang=en">"Habsburg family tree"</a>. <i>Habsburg family website</i>. 28 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Habsburg+family+website&rft.atitle=Habsburg+family+tree&rft.date=2023-10-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhabsburg.org%2Ffamily-history%2Fextended-family-tree%2F%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerdinand+I%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Coinage">Coinage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Coinage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2002_Austria_Renaissance_Ferdinand_I_back.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/2002_Austria_Renaissance_Ferdinand_I_back.jpg/160px-2002_Austria_Renaissance_Ferdinand_I_back.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/fb/2002_Austria_Renaissance_Ferdinand_I_back.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="219" data-file-height="220" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Euro_gold_and_silver_commemorative_coins_(Austria)#2002_coinage" title="Euro gold and silver commemorative coins (Austria)">The Renaissance coin</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Ferdinand I has been the main motif for many collector coins and medals. The most recent one is the Austrian silver 20-euro <a href="/wiki/Euro_gold_and_silver_commemorative_coins_(Austria)#2002_coinage" title="Euro gold and silver commemorative coins (Austria)">Renaissance coin</a> issued on 12 June 2002. A portrait of Ferdinand I is shown on the reverse of the coin, while on the obverse a view of the Swiss Gate of the Hofburg Palace can be seen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armor_of_Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Armor of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor">Parade armor of Ferdinand I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Germany_family_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Kings of Germany family tree">Kings of Germany family tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Congress_of_Vienna" title="First Congress of Vienna">First Congress of Vienna</a> in 1515</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Moh%C3%A1cs" title="Battle of Mohács">Battle of Mohács</a> in 1526</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_II_of_Hungary" title="Louis II of Hungary">Louis II of Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Z%C3%A1polya" title="John Zápolya">John Zápolya</a>, disputed king of Hungary 1526–40</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Karlovi%C4%87" title="Ivan Karlović">Ivan Karlović</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ban_(title)" title="Ban (title)">Banus</a> of Croatia 1521–24 and 1527–31</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petar_Keglevi%C4%87" title="Petar Keglević">Petar Keglević</a>, Banus of Croatia 1537–42</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavle_Bakic" class="mw-redirect" title="Pavle Bakic">Pavle Bakic</a>, last <a href="/wiki/Despot_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Despot of Serbia">Despot of Serbia</a> to be recognised by Ferdinand I and Holy Roman Empire in 1537</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jovan_Nenad" title="Jovan Nenad">Jovan Nenad</a>, self-proclaimed Emperor of <a href="/wiki/Vojvodina" title="Vojvodina">Vojvodina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balthasar_Hubmaier" title="Balthasar Hubmaier">Balthasar Hubmaier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anabaptist_theology" title="Anabaptist theology">Anabaptist theologian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Executed_by_fire" class="mw-redirect" title="Executed by fire">executed by burning</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-note_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hungary & Croatia contested by <a href="/wiki/John_Z%C3%A1polya" title="John Zápolya">John I</a> (1526–40) and <a href="/wiki/John_Sigismund_Z%C3%A1polya" title="John Sigismund Zápolya">John II Sigismund</a> (1540–51, 1556–64)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-note2-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-note2_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In the name of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Charles_V" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Charles V">Emperor Charles V</a> until 1556</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Britannica2009-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica2009_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica2009_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica2009_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ferdinand-I-Holy-Roman-emperor">"Ferdinand I | Holy Roman emperor"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Ferdinand+I+%7C+Holy+Roman+emperor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FFerdinand-I-Holy-Roman-emperor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerdinand+I%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cetin-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cetin_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cetin_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Milan Kruhek: Cetin, grad izbornog sabora Kraljevine Hrvatske 1527, Karlovačka Županija, 1997, Karslovac</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPánekTůma2019" class="citation book cs1">Pánek, Jaroslav; Tůma, Oldřich (15 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lBiWDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA214"><i>A History of the Czech Lands</i></a>. Charles University in Prague, Karolinum Press. p. 214. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-80-246-2227-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-80-246-2227-9"><bdi>978-80-246-2227-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Czech+Lands&rft.pages=214&rft.pub=Charles+University+in+Prague%2C+Karolinum+Press&rft.date=2019-04-15&rft.isbn=978-80-246-2227-9&rft.aulast=P%C3%A1nek&rft.aufirst=Jaroslav&rft.au=T%C5%AFma%2C+Old%C5%99ich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlBiWDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA214&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerdinand+I%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFichtner2017" class="citation book cs1">Fichtner, Paula Sutter (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=F1JdDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA18"><i>The Habsburg Monarchy, 1490–1848: Attributes of Empire</i></a>. Macmillan International Higher Education. p. 18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-137-10642-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-137-10642-1"><bdi>978-1-137-10642-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Habsburg+Monarchy%2C+1490%E2%80%931848%3A+Attributes+of+Empire&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=Macmillan+International+Higher+Education&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-137-10642-1&rft.aulast=Fichtner&rft.aufirst=Paula+Sutter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DF1JdDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerdinand+I%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged February 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerengerSimpson2014" class="citation book cs1">Berenger, Jean; Simpson, C. A. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y2QSBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT263"><i>A History of the Habsburg Empire 1273–1700</i></a>. Routledge. p. 263. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-89569-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-89569-5"><bdi>978-1-317-89569-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Habsburg+Empire+1273%E2%80%931700&rft.pages=263&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-317-89569-5&rft.aulast=Berenger&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft.au=Simpson%2C+C.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DY2QSBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT263&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerdinand+I%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFichtner201718,_19-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFichtner201718,_19_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFichtner2017">Fichtner 2017</a>, pp. 18, 19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvans2006" class="citation book cs1">Evans, R. J. W. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Hf3EJYZcpqYC&pg=PA82"><i>Austria, Hungary, and the Habsburgs: Central Europe c. 1683–1867</i></a>. OUP Oxford. p. 82. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-928144-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-928144-2"><bdi>978-0-19-928144-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Austria%2C+Hungary%2C+and+the+Habsburgs%3A+Central+Europe+c.+1683%E2%80%931867&rft.pages=82&rft.pub=OUP+Oxford&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-19-928144-2&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=R.+J.+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHf3EJYZcpqYC%26pg%3DPA82&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerdinand+I%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFichtner201719-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFichtner201719_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFichtner2017">Fichtner 2017</a>, p. 19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas2007" class="citation book cs1">Thomas, Alfred (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=STSPSmbcehQC&pg=PA171"><i>A Blessed Shore: England and Bohemia from Chaucer to Shakespeare</i></a>. Cornell University Press. p. 171. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-4568-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-4568-2"><bdi>978-0-8014-4568-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Blessed+Shore%3A+England+and+Bohemia+from+Chaucer+to+Shakespeare&rft.pages=171&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8014-4568-2&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Alfred&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSTSPSmbcehQC%26pg%3DPA171&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerdinand+I%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFichtner1982" class="citation book cs1">Fichtner, Paula S. (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PKZnAAAAMAAJ"><i>Ferdinand I of Austria: The Politics of Dynasticism in the Age of the Reformation</i></a>. East European Monographs. p. 4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-914710-95-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-914710-95-0"><bdi>978-0-914710-95-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ferdinand+I+of+Austria%3A+The+Politics+of+Dynasticism+in+the+Age+of+the+Reformation&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=East+European+Monographs&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0-914710-95-0&rft.aulast=Fichtner&rft.aufirst=Paula+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPKZnAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerdinand+I%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIngrao1994" class="citation book cs1">Ingrao, Charles W. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BbulFVRvvKcC&pg=PA31"><i>State and Society in Early Modern Austria</i></a>. Purdue University Press. p. 31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55753-047-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55753-047-9"><bdi>978-1-55753-047-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=State+and+Society+in+Early+Modern+Austria&rft.pages=31&rft.pub=Purdue+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-1-55753-047-9&rft.aulast=Ingrao&rft.aufirst=Charles+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBbulFVRvvKcC%26pg%3DPA31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerdinand+I%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStone2005" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Stone, Jon R. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rAXHv7KlHxMC&q=Ferdinand%27s+motto+was+Fiat+iustitia%2C+et+pereat+mundus%3A+%22Let+justice+be+done%2C+though+the+world+perish%22&pg=PA159"><i>The Routledge Dictionary of Latin Quotations: The Illiterati's Guide to Latin Maxims, Mottoes, Proverbs and Sayings</i></a> (in Latin). Psychology Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0415969093" title="Special:BookSources/978-0415969093"><bdi>978-0415969093</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Routledge+Dictionary+of+Latin+Quotations%3A+The+Illiterati%27s+Guide+to+Latin+Maxims%2C+Mottoes%2C+Proverbs+and+Sayings&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0415969093&rft.aulast=Stone&rft.aufirst=Jon+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrAXHv7KlHxMC%26q%3DFerdinand%2527s%2Bmotto%2Bwas%2BFiat%2Biustitia%252C%2Bet%2Bpereat%2Bmundus%253A%2B%2522Let%2Bjustice%2Bbe%2Bdone%252C%2Bthough%2Bthe%2Bworld%2Bperish%2522%26pg%3DPA159&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerdinand+I%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPotter2014331-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPotter2014331_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPotter2014">Potter 2014</a>, p. 331.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ros-Fábregas, E. (2008). “Melodies for Private Devotion at the Court of Queen Isabel”. In B. Weissberger (Ed.), <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mit.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/openurl?institution=01MIT_INST&vid=01MIT_INST:MIT&rft.mms_id=9935173857106761&u.ignore_date_coverage=true">Queen Isabel I of Castile: Power, Patronage, Persona</a></i> (p. 95). Boydell & Brewer.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bartleby.com-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bartleby.com_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050205212843/http://www.bartleby.com/65/fe/Ferdi1HRE.html">Ferdinand I, Holy Roman emperor</a>. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-valero-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-valero_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://w3.univ-tlse2.fr/espagnol/agreg/2006/Rapport_final_2006_corrig%E9_Gouala.pdf">"Rapport établi par M. Alet Valero"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Centre National de Documentation Pédagogique. 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rapport+%C3%A9tabli+par+M.+Alet+Valero&rft.pub=Centre+National+de+Documentation+P%C3%A9dagogique&rft.date=2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fw3.univ-tlse2.fr%2Fespagnol%2Fagreg%2F2006%2FRapport_final_2006_corrig%25E9_Gouala.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerdinand+I%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged January 2017">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERasmussen201865-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERasmussen201865_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERasmussen201865_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRasmussen2018">Rasmussen 2018</a>, p. 65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartyn_Rady2014" class="citation book cs1">Martyn Rady (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XsQeBAAAQBAJ&q=%22purported+to+be+elective+monarchies%22&pg=PA47"><i>The Emperor Charles V</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. p. 47. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1317880820" title="Special:BookSources/978-1317880820"><bdi>978-1317880820</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Emperor+Charles+V&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1317880820&rft.au=Martyn+Rady&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXsQeBAAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522purported%2Bto%2Bbe%2Belective%2Bmonarchies%2522%26pg%3DPA47&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerdinand+I%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_A._Kann1980" class="citation book cs1">Robert A. Kann (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/monarchsofrenais0000pott"><i>A History of the Habsburg Empire, 1526–1918</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. p. 611. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0520042063" title="Special:BookSources/978-0520042063"><bdi>978-0520042063</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Habsburg+Empire%2C+1526%E2%80%931918&rft.pages=611&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0520042063&rft.au=Robert+A.+Kann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmonarchsofrenais0000pott&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerdinand+I%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-archive.org-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-archive.org_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFR._W._Seton-Watson1911" class="citation book cs1">R. W. Seton-Watson (1911). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/southernslavques00seto/southernslavques00seto_djvu.txt"><i>The southern Slav question and the Habsburg Monarchy</i></a>. p. 18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+southern+Slav+question+and+the+Habsburg+Monarchy&rft.pages=18&rft.date=1911&rft.au=R.+W.+Seton-Watson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fsouthernslavques00seto%2Fsouthernslavques00seto_djvu.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerdinand+I%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimms2013" class="citation book cs1">Simms, Brendan (30 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GypWDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA1737"><i>Europe: The Struggle for Supremacy, from 1453 to the Present</i></a>. Basic Books. p. 1737. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-465-06595-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-465-06595-0"><bdi>978-0-465-06595-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Europe%3A+The+Struggle+for+Supremacy%2C+from+1453+to+the+Present&rft.pages=1737&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=2013-04-30&rft.isbn=978-0-465-06595-0&rft.aulast=Simms&rft.aufirst=Brendan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGypWDgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA1737&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerdinand+I%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerengerSimpson2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jean_B%C3%A9renger" title="Jean Bérenger">Berenger, Jean</a>; Simpson, C.A. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rWQSBAAAQBAJ&q=%22turkish+tax%22+habsburgs&pg=PA160"><i>A History of the Habsburg Empire 1273–1700</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. p. 160. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1317895701" title="Special:BookSources/978-1317895701"><bdi>978-1317895701</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Habsburg+Empire+1273%E2%80%931700&rft.pages=160&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1317895701&rft.aulast=Berenger&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft.au=Simpson%2C+C.A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrWQSBAAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522turkish%2Btax%2522%2Bhabsburgs%26pg%3DPA160&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerdinand+I%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=H3NBAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22The+formation+of+the+Smalcald+League+in+1531%22&pg=PA351">article on the Nuremberg Religious Peace</a>, p. 351 of the 1899 Lutheran Cyclopedia</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFImber2002" class="citation book cs1">Imber, Colin (2002). <i>The Ottoman Empire, 1300–1650: The Structure of Power</i>. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 53. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0333613863" title="Special:BookSources/978-0333613863"><bdi>978-0333613863</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ottoman+Empire%2C+1300%E2%80%931650%3A+The+Structure+of+Power&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=53&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0333613863&rft.aulast=Imber&rft.aufirst=Colin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerdinand+I%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NCE-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NCE_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09735a.htm">George Martinuzzi</a> entry in the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvansWilson2012" class="citation book cs1">Evans, Robert & Wilson, Peter (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rSON55zorLsC&q=Austria+Moh%C3%A1cs+revenues+%22kingdom+of+hungary%22+population&pg=PA263"><i>The Holy Roman Empire, 1495–1806: A European Perspective Volume 1 van Brill's Companions to European History</i></a>. Brill. p. 263. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004206830" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004206830"><bdi>978-9004206830</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Holy+Roman+Empire%2C+1495%E2%80%931806%3A+A+European+Perspective+Volume+1+van+Brill%27s+Companions+to+European+History&rft.pages=263&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-9004206830&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Wilson%2C+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrSON55zorLsC%26q%3DAustria%2BMoh%25C3%25A1cs%2Brevenues%2B%2522kingdom%2Bof%2Bhungary%2522%2Bpopulation%26pg%3DPA263&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerdinand+I%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dr. István Kenyeres: The Financial Administrative Reforms and Revenues of Ferdinand I in Hungary, English summary at p- 92 Link1: <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.tti.hu/images/kiadvanyok/folyoiratok/tsz/tsz2003-1-2/061-092_Kenyeres.pdf">[1]</a> Link2: <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://archive.org/details/061092Kenyeres1">[2]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Between Lipany and White Mountain</i>, Palmitessa</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Germany and the Holy Roman Empire</i>, Whaley</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Holborn,_p._241-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Holborn,_p._241_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holborn,_p._241_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Holborn, p. 241.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For a general discussion of the impact of the Reformation on the Holy Roman Empire, see Holborn, chapters 6–9 (pp. 123–248).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Holborn, pp. 244–245.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Holborn,_pp._243–246-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Holborn,_pp._243–246_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holborn,_pp._243–246_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Holborn, pp. 243–246.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Jardine" title="Lisa Jardine">Lisa Jardine</a>, <i>The Awful End of William the Silent: The First Assassination of a Head of State with A Handgun</i>, London, HarperCollins, 2005, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0007192576" title="Special:BookSources/0007192576">0007192576</a>, Chapter 1; Richard Bruce Wernham, <i>The New Cambridge Modern History: The Counter Reformation and Price Revolution 1559–1610</i>, (vol. 3), 1979, pp. 338–345.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Holborn, pp. 249–250; Wernham, pp. 338–345.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Parker <i>Emperor: A new life of Charles V</i>, 2019, pp. 20–50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Holborn, pp. 250–251.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Parker, p. 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMugnaiFlaherty2016" class="citation book cs1">Mugnai, Bruno; Flaherty, Chris (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=x4yWDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT36"><i>Der lange Türkenkrieg, the long turkish war (1593–1606), vol. 2</i></a>. Soldiershop Publishing. p. 36. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-9327-162-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-9327-162-2"><bdi>978-88-9327-162-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Der+lange+T%C3%BCrkenkrieg%2C+the+long+turkish+war+%281593%E2%80%931606%29%2C+vol.+2&rft.pages=36&rft.pub=Soldiershop+Publishing&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-88-9327-162-2&rft.aulast=Mugnai&rft.aufirst=Bruno&rft.au=Flaherty%2C+Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dx4yWDQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT36&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerdinand+I%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMunckRomano2019" class="citation book cs1">Munck, Bert De; Romano, Antonella (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RkmqDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT361"><i>Knowledge and the Early Modern City: A History of Entanglements</i></a>. Routledge. p. 361. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-429-80843-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-429-80843-2"><bdi>978-0-429-80843-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Knowledge+and+the+Early+Modern+City%3A+A+History+of+Entanglements&rft.pages=361&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0-429-80843-2&rft.aulast=Munck&rft.aufirst=Bert+De&rft.au=Romano%2C+Antonella&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRkmqDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT361&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerdinand+I%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson2016" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, Peter H. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=I5lFCgAAQBAJ&pg=PR214"><i>The Holy Roman Empire: A Thousand Years of Europe's History</i></a>. Penguin Books Limited. p. 214. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-195691-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-195691-6"><bdi>978-0-14-195691-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Holy+Roman+Empire%3A+A+Thousand+Years+of+Europe%27s+History&rft.pages=214&rft.pub=Penguin+Books+Limited&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-14-195691-6&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Peter+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DI5lFCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPR214&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerdinand+I%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCasseseBogdandyHuber2017" class="citation book cs1">Cassese, Sabino; Bogdandy, Armin von; Huber, Peter (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EXAuDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA128"><i>The Max Planck Handbooks in European Public Law: Volume I: The Administrative State</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 128. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-103982-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-103982-9"><bdi>978-0-19-103982-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Max+Planck+Handbooks+in+European+Public+Law%3A+Volume+I%3A+The+Administrative+State&rft.pages=128&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-19-103982-9&rft.aulast=Cassese&rft.aufirst=Sabino&rft.au=Bogdandy%2C+Armin+von&rft.au=Huber%2C+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEXAuDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA128&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerdinand+I%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuindamDuindamDuindamRoper2003" class="citation book cs1">Duindam, Jeroen; Duindam, Jeroen Frans Jozef; Duindam, Professor Jeroen; Roper, Lecturer in History Royal Holloway and Bedford New College Lyndal (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LORFDFxqCI8C&pg=PA145"><i>Vienna and Versailles: The Courts of Europe's Dynastic Rivals, 1550–1780</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 145. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-82262-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-82262-6"><bdi>978-0-521-82262-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vienna+and+Versailles%3A+The+Courts+of+Europe%27s+Dynastic+Rivals%2C+1550%E2%80%931780&rft.pages=145&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-521-82262-6&rft.aulast=Duindam&rft.aufirst=Jeroen&rft.au=Duindam%2C+Jeroen+Frans+Jozef&rft.au=Duindam%2C+Professor+Jeroen&rft.au=Roper%2C+Lecturer+in+History+Royal+Holloway+and+Bedford+New+College+Lyndal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLORFDFxqCI8C%26pg%3DPA145&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerdinand+I%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Princeton_University_Press-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Princeton_University_Press_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Princeton_University_Press_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFÁgoston2021" class="citation book cs1">Ágoston, Gábor (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mXALEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA312"><i>The Last Muslim Conquest: The Ottoman Empire and Its Wars in Europe</i></a>. Princeton University Press. p. 312. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-20538-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-20538-0"><bdi>978-0-691-20538-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Last+Muslim+Conquest%3A+The+Ottoman+Empire+and+Its+Wars+in+Europe&rft.pages=312&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-0-691-20538-0&rft.aulast=%C3%81goston&rft.aufirst=G%C3%A1bor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmXALEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA312&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerdinand+I%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZmora2002" class="citation book cs1">Zmora, Hillay (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=u5OFAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA50"><i>Monarchy, Aristocracy and State in Europe 1300–1800</i></a>. Routledge. p. 50. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-74798-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-74798-6"><bdi>978-1-134-74798-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Monarchy%2C+Aristocracy+and+State+in+Europe+1300%E2%80%931800&rft.pages=50&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-134-74798-6&rft.aulast=Zmora&rft.aufirst=Hillay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Du5OFAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerdinand+I%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNinness2020" class="citation book cs1">Ninness, Richard J. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SBQHEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA106"><i>German Imperial Knights: Noble Misfits between Princely Authority and the Crown, 1479–1648</i></a>. Routledge. p. 106. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-000-28502-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-000-28502-4"><bdi>978-1-000-28502-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=German+Imperial+Knights%3A+Noble+Misfits+between+Princely+Authority+and+the+Crown%2C+1479%E2%80%931648&rft.pages=106&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1-000-28502-4&rft.aulast=Ninness&rft.aufirst=Richard+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSBQHEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA106&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerdinand+I%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTracy2016" class="citation book cs1">Tracy, James D. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KHCPDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA163"><i>Balkan Wars: Habsburg Croatia, Ottoman Bosnia, and Venetian Dalmatia, 1499–1617</i></a>. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 163. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-1360-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-1360-9"><bdi>978-1-4422-1360-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Balkan+Wars%3A+Habsburg+Croatia%2C+Ottoman+Bosnia%2C+and+Venetian+Dalmatia%2C+1499%E2%80%931617&rft.pages=163&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-4422-1360-9&rft.aulast=Tracy&rft.aufirst=James+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKHCPDAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA163&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerdinand+I%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans200682-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans200682_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvans2006">Evans 2006</a>, p. 82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFichtner2009" class="citation book cs1">Fichtner, Paula Sutter (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ilyK1_1f0zYC&pg=PA98"><i>Historical Dictionary of Austria</i></a>. Scarecrow Press. p. 98. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-6310-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-6310-1"><bdi>978-0-8108-6310-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Austria&rft.pages=98&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-6310-1&rft.aulast=Fichtner&rft.aufirst=Paula+Sutter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DilyK1_1f0zYC%26pg%3DPA98&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerdinand+I%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSzente2021" class="citation book cs1">Szente, Zoltán (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zlA3EAAAQBAJ&pg=PT20"><i>Constitutional Law in Hungary</i></a>. Kluwer Law International B.V. p. 20. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-94-035-3304-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-94-035-3304-9"><bdi>978-94-035-3304-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Constitutional+Law+in+Hungary&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=Kluwer+Law+International+B.V.&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-94-035-3304-9&rft.aulast=Szente&rft.aufirst=Zolt%C3%A1n&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzlA3EAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerdinand+I%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhaley2011" class="citation book cs1">Whaley, Joachim (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0Q-SBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT370"><i>Germany and the Holy Roman Empire: Volume I: Maximilian I to the Peace of Westphalia, 1493–1648</i></a>. OUP Oxford. p. 370. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-154752-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-154752-2"><bdi>978-0-19-154752-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Germany+and+the+Holy+Roman+Empire%3A+Volume+I%3A+Maximilian+I+to+the+Peace+of+Westphalia%2C+1493%E2%80%931648&rft.pages=370&rft.pub=OUP+Oxford&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-19-154752-2&rft.aulast=Whaley&rft.aufirst=Joachim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0Q-SBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT370&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerdinand+I%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvansWilson2012" class="citation book cs1">Evans, Robert; Wilson, Peter (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rSON55zorLsC&pg=PA126"><i>The Holy Roman Empire, 1495–1806: A European Perspective</i></a>. Brill. p. 126. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-20683-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-20683-0"><bdi>978-90-04-20683-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Holy+Roman+Empire%2C+1495%E2%80%931806%3A+A+European+Perspective&rft.pages=126&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-90-04-20683-0&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Wilson%2C+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrSON55zorLsC%26pg%3DPA126&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerdinand+I%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPotter2014" class="citation book cs1">Potter, Philip J. (10 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=39hKrtqiDcIC&pg=PA340"><i>Monarchs of the Renaissance: The Lives and Reigns of 42 European Kings and Queens</i></a>. McFarland. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-9103-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-9103-2"><bdi>978-0-7864-9103-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Monarchs+of+the+Renaissance%3A+The+Lives+and+Reigns+of+42+European+Kings+and+Queens&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2014-01-10&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-9103-2&rft.aulast=Potter&rft.aufirst=Philip+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D39hKrtqiDcIC%26pg%3DPA340&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerdinand+I%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPotter2014340-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPotter2014340_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPotter2014">Potter 2014</a>, p. 340.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>History of the Habsburg empire</i>, Jean Bérenger</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFichtner200998-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFichtner200998_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFichtner2009">Fichtner 2009</a>, p. 98.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMunckRomano2019361-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMunckRomano2019361_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMunckRomano2019">Munck & Romano 2019</a>, p. 361.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPavlacLott2019" class="citation book cs1">Pavlac, Brian A.; Lott, Elizabeth S. (1 June 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=arSYDwAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PA232"><i>The Holy Roman Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia [2 volumes]</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 232. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4408-4856-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4408-4856-8"><bdi>978-1-4408-4856-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Holy+Roman+Empire%3A+A+Historical+Encyclopedia+%5B2+volumes%5D&rft.pages=232&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2019-06-01&rft.isbn=978-1-4408-4856-8&rft.aulast=Pavlac&rft.aufirst=Brian+A.&rft.au=Lott%2C+Elizabeth+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DarSYDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DRA1-PA232&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerdinand+I%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWardProtheroLeathes1934table_32-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWardProtheroLeathes1934table_32_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWardProtheroLeathes1934table_32_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWardProtheroLeathes1934table_32_61-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWardProtheroLeathes1934table_32_61-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWardProtheroLeathes1934table_32_61-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWardProtheroLeathes1934table_32_61-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWardProtheroLeathes1934">Ward, Prothero & Leathes 1934</a>, p. table 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHickson2016101-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHickson2016101_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHickson2016">Hickson 2016</a>, p. 101.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavies1982137-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavies1982137_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDavies1982">Davies 1982</a>, p. 137.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BLKO-Philip-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BLKO-Philip_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BLKO-Philip_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWurzbach1861" class="citation cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Constantin_von_Wurzbach" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantin von Wurzbach">Wurzbach, Constantin von</a>, ed. (1861). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:de:BLKÖ:Habsburg, Philipp I. der Schöne von Oesterreich"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/de:BLK%C3%96:Habsburg,_Philipp_I._der_Sch%C3%B6ne_von_Oesterreich">"Habsburg, Philipp I. der Schöne von Oesterreich" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Biographisches_Lexikon_des_Kaiserthums_Oesterreich" title="Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich">Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich</a></i> [<i>Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire</i>] (in German). Vol. 7. p. 112 – via <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Habsburg%2C+Philipp+I.+der+Sch%C3%B6ne+von+Oesterreich&rft.btitle=Biographisches+Lexikon+des+Kaiserthums+Oesterreich&rft.pages=112&rft.date=1861&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerdinand+I%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1911-Joanna-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1911-Joanna_65-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1911-Joanna_65-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Joanna"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Joanna">"Joanna" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Joanna&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerdinand+I%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1911-Maximilian_I-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1911-Maximilian_I_66-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1911-Maximilian_I_66-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolland1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Holland, Arthur William (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Maximilian I. (emperor)"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Maximilian_I._(emperor)">"Maximilian I. (emperor)" </a></span>. In <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Maximilian+I.+%28emperor%29&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Holland&rft.aufirst=Arthur+William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerdinand+I%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1911-Charles_the_Bold-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1911-Charles_the_Bold_67-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1911-Charles_the_Bold_67-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoupardin1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Poupardin" title="René Poupardin">Poupardin, René</a> (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Charles (Duke of Burgundy)"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Charles_(Duke_of_Burgundy)">"Charles, called The Bold, duke of Burgundy" </a></span>. In <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Charles%2C+called+The+Bold%2C+duke+of+Burgundy&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Poupardin&rft.aufirst=Ren%C3%A9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerdinand+I%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1911-Ferdinand_V-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1911-Ferdinand_V_68-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1911-Ferdinand_V_68-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Ferdinand V. of Castile and Leon and II. of Aragon"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Ferdinand_V._of_Castile_and_Leon_and_II._of_Aragon">"Ferdinand V. of Castile and Leon and II. of Aragon" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). 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Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Isabella+of+Castile&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerdinand+I%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavies1982" class="citation book cs1">Davies, Norman (1982). <i>God's Playground: A History of Poland</i>. Columbia University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=God%27s+Playground%3A+A+History+of+Poland&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.aufirst=Norman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerdinand+I%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHickson2016" class="citation book cs1">Hickson, Sally Anne (2016). <i>Women, Art and Architectural Patronage in Renaissance Mantua: Matrons, Mystics, and Monasteries</i>. Routledge.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women%2C+Art+and+Architectural+Patronage+in+Renaissance+Mantua%3A+Matrons%2C+Mystics%2C+and+Monasteries&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Hickson&rft.aufirst=Sally+Anne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerdinand+I%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRasmussen2018" class="citation book cs1">Rasmussen, Mikael Bogh (2018). "Vienna, a Habsburg capital redocorated in classical style: the entry of Maximilian II as King of the Romans in 1563". In Mulryne, J.R.; De Jonge, Krista; Martens, Pieter; Morris, R.L.M. (eds.). <i>Architectures of Festival in Early Modern Europe: Fashioning and Re-fashioning Urban and Courtly Space</i>. Routledge.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Vienna%2C+a+Habsburg+capital+redocorated+in+classical+style%3A+the+entry+of+Maximilian+II+as+King+of+the+Romans+in+1563&rft.btitle=Architectures+of+Festival+in+Early+Modern+Europe%3A+Fashioning+and+Re-fashioning+Urban+and+Courtly+Space&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Rasmussen&rft.aufirst=Mikael+Bogh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerdinand+I%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWardProtheroLeathes1934" class="citation book cs1">Ward, A.W.; Prothero, G.W.; Leathes, Stanley, eds. (1934). <i>The Cambridge Modern History</i>. Vol. XIII. Cambridge at the University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Modern+History&rft.pub=Cambridge+at+the+University+Press&rft.date=1934&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerdinand+I%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Fichtner, Paula S. <i>Ferdinand I of Austria: The Politics of Dynasticism in the Age of the Reformation</i>. Boulder, CO: East European Monographs, 1982, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0914710958" title="Special:BookSources/0914710958">0914710958</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/8476035">8476035</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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/></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://genealogy.euweb.cz/habsburg/habsburg4.html#E2Fe1">A pedigree of the Habsburg</a></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Ferdinand_I." class="extiw" title="wikisource:Ferdinand I.">Ferdinand I.</a></b></div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.dnb.de/opac.htm?method=simpleSearch&cqlMode=true&query=idn%3D118532502">Literature by and about Ferdinand I.</a> in the <a href="/wiki/German_National_Library" title="German National Library">German National Library</a> catalogue</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/entity/118532502">Works by and about Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Digitale_Bibliothek" title="Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek">Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek</a> (German Digital Library)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150626102535/http://resikom.adw-goettingen.gwdg.de/artikel.php?ArtikelID=52">Biography of the website of the <i>Residenzen-Kommission</i></a></li> <li>Entry about <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gedächtnisdeslandes.at/personen/action/show/controller/Person/?tx_gdl_gdl%5Bperson%5d=757">Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor</a></i> in the database <i>Gedächtnis des Landes</i> on the history of the state of Lower Austria (<a href="/wiki/Lower_Austria_Museum" title="Lower Austria Museum">Lower Austria Museum</a>)</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor </div><div><b><a href="/wiki/Habsburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburg">House of Habsburg</a></b></div><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"><b>Born:</b> 10 March 1503</span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"> <b>Died:</b> 25 July 1564</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;">Regnal titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="5">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Emperor Charles V</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="3"><b> <a href="/wiki/Archduke_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Archduke of Austria">Archduke of Austria</a> </b><br />1521–1564 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian II</a></div><i><b>as Archduke of Austria proper </b></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Charles_II,_Archduke_of_Inner_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles II, Archduke of Inner Austria">Charles II</a></div><i><b>as Archduke of Inner Austria </b></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Ferdinand II, Archduke of Austria">Ferdinand II</a></div><i><b>as Archduke of Further Austria </b></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Romans" title="King of the Romans">King of the Romans</a><br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_German_monarchs" title="List of German monarchs">King in Germany</a> </b><br />1531–1564 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="4">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor">Emperor Maximilian II</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a> </b><br />1558–1564 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="2">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Louis_II_of_Hungary" title="Louis II of Hungary">Louis II</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/King_of_Hungary" title="King of Hungary">King of Hungary</a> and <a href="/wiki/King_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Croatia">Croatia</a> </b><br />1526–1564 <br />With: <b> <a href="/wiki/John_Z%C3%A1polya" title="John Zápolya">John I</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_II_Sigismund_Z%C3%A1polya" class="mw-redirect" title="John II Sigismund Zápolya">John II Sigismund</a> as contenders </b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/King_of_Bohemia" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Bohemia">King of Bohemia</a> </b><br />1526–1564 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Holy_Roman_emperors" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Holy_Roman_Emperors" title="Template:Holy Roman Emperors"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Holy_Roman_Emperors" title="Template talk:Holy Roman Emperors"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Holy_Roman_Emperors" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Holy Roman Emperors"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Holy_Roman_emperors" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman emperors</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Pious" title="Louis the Pious">Louis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothair_I" title="Lothair I">Lothair I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_II_of_Italy" title="Louis II of Italy">Louis II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Bald" title="Charles the Bald">Charles II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Fat" title="Charles the Fat">Charles III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_III_of_Spoleto" title="Guy III of Spoleto">Guy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambert_of_Italy" title="Lambert of Italy">Lambert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnulf_of_Carinthia" title="Arnulf of Carinthia">Arnulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Blind" title="Louis the Blind">Louis III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berengar_I_of_Italy" title="Berengar I of Italy">Berengar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_the_Great" title="Otto the Great">Otto I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor">Conrad II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothair_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor">Lothair III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Barbarossa" title="Frederick Barbarossa">Frederick I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VII,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Louis IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismund,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor">Sigismund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ferdinand I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor">Rudolph II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor">Matthias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VII,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor">Francis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor">Francis II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Monarchs_of_Bohemia" title="Template:Monarchs of Bohemia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monarchs_of_Bohemia" title="Template talk:Monarchs of Bohemia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs_of_Bohemia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs of Bohemia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monarchs_of_Bohemia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bohemian_monarchs" title="List of Bohemian monarchs">Monarchs</a> of <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Bohemia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/P%C5%99emyslid_dynasty" title="Přemyslid dynasty">Přemyslid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;font-weight:normal;">Legendary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lech,_Czech,_and_Rus%27" class="mw-redirect" title="Lech, Czech, and Rus'">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_Krok" title="Duke Krok">Krok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libu%C5%A1e" title="Libuše">Libuše</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C5%99emysl_the_Ploughman" title="Přemysl the Ploughman">Přemysl the Ploughman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valasca" title="Valasca">Valasca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nezamysl" title="Nezamysl">Nezamysl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mnata" title="Mnata">Mnata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vojen" title="Vojen">Vojen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vnislav" title="Vnislav">Vnislav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%99esomysl" title="Křesomysl">Křesomysl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neklan" title="Neklan">Neklan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hostiv%C3%ADt" title="Hostivít">Hostivít</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;font-weight:normal;"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 870–1198 (Dukes)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bo%C5%99ivoj_I,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Bořivoj I, Duke of Bohemia">Bořivoj I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spytihn%C4%9Bv_I,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Spytihněv I, Duke of Bohemia">Spytihněv I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vratislaus_I,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Vratislaus I, Duke of Bohemia">Vratislaus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_I,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Wenceslaus I, Duke of Bohemia">Saint Wenceslaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boleslaus_I,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Boleslaus I, Duke of Bohemia">Boleslaus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boleslaus_II,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Boleslaus II, Duke of Bohemia">Boleslaus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boleslaus_III,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Boleslaus III, Duke of Bohemia">Boleslaus III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladivoj,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Vladivoj, Duke of Bohemia">Vladivoj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boles%C5%82aw_I_the_Brave" title="Bolesław I the Brave">Boleslaus the Brave</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarom%C3%ADr,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Jaromír, Duke of Bohemia">Jaromír</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old%C5%99ich,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Oldřich, Duke of Bohemia">Oldřich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bretislav_I" title="Bretislav I">Bretislaus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spytihn%C4%9Bv_II,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Spytihněv II, Duke of Bohemia">Spytihněv II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vratislaus_II,_Duke_of_Bohemia" class="mw-redirect" title="Vratislaus II, Duke of Bohemia">Vratislaus II</a> (I)<sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_I,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Conrad I, Duke of Bohemia">Conrad I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bretislav_II" title="Bretislav II">Bretislaus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo%C5%99ivoj_II,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Bořivoj II, Duke of Bohemia">Bořivoj II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svatopluk,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Svatopluk, Duke of Bohemia">Svatopluk the Lion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladislaus_I,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Vladislaus I, Duke of Bohemia">Vladislaus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sob%C4%9Bslav_I,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Soběslav I, Duke of Bohemia">Sobeslaus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladislaus_II,_Duke_of_Bohemia" class="mw-redirect" title="Vladislaus II, Duke of Bohemia">Vladislaus II</a> (I)<sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Frederick, Duke of Bohemia">Frederick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sob%C4%9Bslav_II,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Soběslav II, Duke of Bohemia">Sobeslaus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Frederick, Duke of Bohemia">Frederick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_II,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Conrad II, Duke of Bohemia">Conrad II Otto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_II,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Wenceslaus II, Duke of Bohemia">Wenceslaus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottokar_I_of_Bohemia" title="Ottokar I of Bohemia">Ottokar I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bretislaus_III,_Duke_of_Bohemia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bretislaus III, Duke of Bohemia">Henry Bretislaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladislaus_III,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Vladislaus III, Duke of Bohemia">Vladislaus III Henry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;font-weight:normal;">1198–1306 (Kings)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ottokar_I_of_Bohemia" title="Ottokar I of Bohemia">Ottokar I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_I_of_Bohemia" title="Wenceslaus I of Bohemia">Wenceslaus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottokar_II_of_Bohemia" title="Ottokar II of Bohemia">Ottokar II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_II_of_Bohemia" title="Wenceslaus II of Bohemia">Wenceslaus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_III_of_Bohemia" title="Wenceslaus III of Bohemia">Wenceslaus III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Znak_%C4%8Desk%C3%A9ho_kr%C3%A1lovstv%C3%AD.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of the Kingdom of Bohemia"><img alt="Coat of arms of the Kingdom of Bohemia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Znak_%C4%8Desk%C3%A9ho_kr%C3%A1lovstv%C3%AD.png/100px-Znak_%C4%8Desk%C3%A9ho_kr%C3%A1lovstv%C3%AD.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Znak_%C4%8Desk%C3%A9ho_kr%C3%A1lovstv%C3%AD.png/150px-Znak_%C4%8Desk%C3%A9ho_kr%C3%A1lovstv%C3%AD.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Znak_%C4%8Desk%C3%A9ho_kr%C3%A1lovstv%C3%AD.png/200px-Znak_%C4%8Desk%C3%A9ho_kr%C3%A1lovstv%C3%AD.png 2x" data-file-width="444" data-file-height="526" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-dynastic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1306–1310" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;font-weight:normal;">1306–1310</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_of_Bohemia" title="Henry of Bohemia">Henry the Carinthian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_I_of_Bohemia" title="Rudolf I of Bohemia">Rudolph I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Luxembourg" title="House of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1310–1437" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;font-weight:normal;">1310–1437</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Bohemia" title="John of Bohemia">John the Blind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles IV</a> (I)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_IV_of_Bohemia" title="Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia">Wenceslaus IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismund,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor">Sigismund</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">Habsburg</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1437–1457" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;font-weight:normal;">1437–1457</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert_II_of_Germany" title="Albert II of Germany">Albert</a></li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#999">Interregnum</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladislaus_the_Posthumous" title="Ladislaus the Posthumous">Ladislaus the Posthumous</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-dynastic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1457–1471" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;font-weight:normal;">1457–1471</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_of_Pod%C4%9Bbrady" title="George of Poděbrady">George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_Corvinus" title="Matthias Corvinus">Matthias I</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jagiellonian_dynasty" title="Jagiellonian dynasty">Jagiellonian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1471–1526" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;font-weight:normal;">1471–1526</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladislaus_II_of_Hungary" title="Vladislaus II of Hungary">Vladislaus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_II_of_Hungary" title="Louis II of Hungary">Louis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">Habsburg</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1526–1780" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;font-weight:normal;">1526–1780</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ferdinand I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor">Rudolph II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor">Matthias II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_V,_Elector_Palatine" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick V, Elector Palatine">Frederick</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VII,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles Albert</a> (II)<sup><small>3,</small></sup> <sup><small>5</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa" title="Maria Theresa">Maria Theresa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lorraine" title="House of Lorraine">Habsburg-Lorraine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1780–1918" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;font-weight:normal;">1780–1918</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor">Francis II</a> (I)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Austria" title="Ferdinand I of Austria">Ferdinand V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Joseph_I_of_Austria" title="Franz Joseph I of Austria">Francis Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_Austria" title="Charles I of Austria">Charles I</a> (III)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup><small>1</small></sup></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Polish_monarchs" title="List of Polish monarchs">Duke of Poland</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Piast_dynasty" title="Piast dynasty">Piast dynasty</a></li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup><small>2</small></sup></span> During his reign obtained non-hereditary royal title</li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup><small>3</small></sup></span> Antiking</li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup><small>4</small></sup></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_the_Electoral_Palatinate" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of the Electoral Palatinate">Elector Palatine</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Wittelsbach_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Wittelsbach dynasty">Wittelsbach dynasty</a></li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup><small>5</small></sup></span> <a href="/wiki/Prince-elector" title="Prince-elector">Prince-elector</a> of <a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Bavaria" title="Electorate of Bavaria">Bavaria</a> from the Wittelsbach dynasty</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monarchs_of_Germany" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Monarchs_of_Germany" title="Template:Monarchs of Germany"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monarchs_of_Germany" title="Template talk:Monarchs of Germany"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs_of_Germany" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs of Germany"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monarchs_of_Germany" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_German_monarchs" title="List of German monarchs">Monarchs of Germany</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Francia" title="East Francia">East Francia</a> during the<br /> <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_dynasty" title="Carolingian dynasty">Carolingian dynasty</a> (843–911)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_German" title="Louis the German">Louis the German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carloman_of_Bavaria" title="Carloman of Bavaria">Carloman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Younger" title="Louis the Younger">Louis the Younger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Fat" title="Charles the Fat">Charles the Fat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnulf_of_Carinthia" title="Arnulf of Carinthia">Arnulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Child" title="Louis the Child">Louis the Child</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Francia" title="East Francia">East Francia</a> (911–919)<br /><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Germany" title="Kingdom of Germany">Kingdom of Germany</a> (919–962)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_I_of_Germany" title="Conrad I of Germany">Conrad I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_the_Fowler" title="Henry the Fowler">Henry I</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arnulf,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Arnulf, Duke of Bavaria">Arnulf</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_the_Great" title="Otto the Great">Otto I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Germany" title="Kingdom of Germany">Kingdom of Germany</a> within the<br /> <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> (962–1806)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otto_the_Great" title="Otto the Great">Otto I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor">Conrad II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry IV</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_of_Rheinfelden" title="Rudolf of Rheinfelden">Rudolf</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hermann_of_Salm" title="Hermann of Salm">Hermann</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_II_of_Italy" title="Conrad II of Italy">Conrad (III)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothair_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor">Lothair II/III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_III_of_Germany" title="Conrad III of Germany">Conrad III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Berengar" title="Henry Berengar">Henry (VI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Barbarossa" title="Frederick Barbarossa">Frederick I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_of_Swabia" title="Philip of Swabia">Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_(VII)_of_Germany" title="Henry (VII) of Germany">Henry (VII)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_IV_of_Germany" title="Conrad IV of Germany">Conrad IV</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Henry_Raspe" title="Henry Raspe">Henry (VIII)</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_II_of_Holland" title="William II of Holland">William</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_of_Cornwall" title="Richard of Cornwall">Richard</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_X_of_Castile" title="Alfonso X of Castile">Alfonso</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_I_of_Germany" title="Rudolf I of Germany">Rudolf I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf,_King_of_the_Romans" title="Adolf, King of the Romans">Adolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_I_of_Germany" title="Albert I of Germany">Albert I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VII,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Louis IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_the_Fair" title="Frederick the Fair">Frederick (III)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles IV</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnther_von_Schwarzburg" title="Günther von Schwarzburg">Günther</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_IV_of_Bohemia" title="Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia">Wenceslaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupert,_King_of_the_Romans" title="Rupert, King of the Romans">Rupert</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jobst_of_Moravia" title="Jobst of Moravia">Jobst</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismund,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor">Sigismund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_II_of_Germany" title="Albert II of Germany">Albert II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ferdinand I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor">Rudolf II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor">Matthias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_IV,_King_of_the_Romans" title="Ferdinand IV, King of the Romans">Ferdinand IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VII,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor">Francis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor">Francis II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_the_Rhine" title="Confederation of the Rhine">Confederation of the Rhine</a> (1806–1813)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/German_Confederation" title="German Confederation">German Confederation</a> (1815–1848)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor">Francis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Austria" title="Ferdinand I of Austria">Ferdinand I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/German_Empire_(1848%E2%80%931849)" title="German Empire (1848–1849)">German Empire</a> (1848/1849)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_John_of_Austria" title="Archduke John of Austria">Archduke John of Austria</a> <small>(Imperial Regent)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/German_Confederation" title="German Confederation">German Confederation</a> (1850–1866)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Joseph_I_of_Austria" title="Franz Joseph I of Austria">Franz Joseph I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_German_Confederation" title="North German Confederation">North German Confederation</a> (1867–1871)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_I,_German_Emperor" title="William I, German Emperor">William I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a> (1871–1918)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_I,_German_Emperor" title="William I, German Emperor">William I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_German_Emperor" title="Frederick III, German Emperor">Frederick III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_II" title="Wilhelm II">William II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monarchs_of_Hungary" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hungarian_kings" title="Template:Hungarian kings"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hungarian_kings" title="Template talk:Hungarian kings"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hungarian_kings" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hungarian kings"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monarchs_of_Hungary" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hungarian_monarchs" title="List of Hungarian monarchs">Monarchs of Hungary</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Hungary_family_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Kings of Hungary family tree">Family tree</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%C3%81rp%C3%A1d_dynasty" title="Árpád dynasty">House of Árpád</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em;font-size:80%; font-weight:normal;">Grand Princes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81lmos" title="Álmos">Álmos</a> (<i>c</i>. 850–<i>c</i>. 895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81rp%C3%A1d" title="Árpád">Árpád</a> (<i>c</i>. 895–<i>c</i>. 907)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zolt%C3%A1n_of_Hungary" title="Zoltán of Hungary">Zoltán</a></i> (<i>c</i>. 907–<i>c</i>. 947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fajsz" title="Fajsz">Fajsz</a> (<i>c</i>. 947–<i>c</i>. 955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taksony_of_Hungary" title="Taksony of Hungary">Taksony</a> (<i>c</i>. 955–<i>c</i>. 972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9za,_Grand_Prince_of_the_Hungarians" title="Géza, Grand Prince of the Hungarians">Géza</a> (<i>c</i>. 972–997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_I_of_Hungary" title="Stephen I of Hungary">Stephen</a> (997–1000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em;font-size:80%; font-weight:normal;">Kings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_I_of_Hungary" title="Stephen I of Hungary">Stephen I</a> (1000–1038)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter,_King_of_Hungary" title="Peter, King of Hungary">Peter</a> (1038–1041; 1044–1046)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Aba" title="Samuel Aba">Samuel</a> (1041–1044)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_I_of_Hungary" title="Andrew I of Hungary">Andrew I</a> (1046–1060)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_I_of_Hungary" title="Béla I of Hungary">Béla I</a> (1060–1063)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon,_King_of_Hungary" title="Solomon, King of Hungary">Solomon</a> (1063–1074)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9za_I_of_Hungary" title="Géza I of Hungary">Géza I</a> (1074–1077)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladislaus_I_of_Hungary" title="Ladislaus I of Hungary">Ladislaus I</a> (1077–1095)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coloman,_King_of_Hungary" title="Coloman, King of Hungary">Coloman</a> (1095–1116)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_II_of_Hungary" title="Stephen II of Hungary">Stephen II</a> (1116–1131)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_II_of_Hungary" title="Béla II of Hungary">Béla II</a> (1131–1141)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9za_II_of_Hungary" title="Géza II of Hungary">Géza II</a> (1141–1162)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_III_of_Hungary" title="Stephen III of Hungary">Stephen III</a> (1162–1172) <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Ladislaus_II_of_Hungary" title="Ladislaus II of Hungary">Ladislaus II</a> (1162–1163)</small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Stephen_IV_of_Hungary" title="Stephen IV of Hungary">Stephen IV</a> (1163–1165)</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_III_of_Hungary" title="Béla III of Hungary">Béla III</a> (1172–1196)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emeric,_King_of_Hungary" title="Emeric, King of Hungary">Emeric</a> (1196–1204)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladislaus_III_of_Hungary" title="Ladislaus III of Hungary">Ladislaus III</a> (1204–1205)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_II_of_Hungary" title="Andrew II of Hungary">Andrew II</a> (1205–1235)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_IV_of_Hungary" title="Béla IV of Hungary">Béla IV</a> (1235–1270)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_V_of_Hungary" title="Stephen V of Hungary">Stephen V</a> (1270–1272)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladislaus_IV_of_Hungary" title="Ladislaus IV of Hungary">Ladislaus IV</a> (1272–1290)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_III_of_Hungary" title="Andrew III of Hungary">Andrew III</a> (1290–1301)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="12" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coa_Hungary_Country_History_(14th_century).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of the King of Hungary (14th century)"><img alt="Coat of arms of the King of Hungary (14th century)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Coa_Hungary_Country_History_%2814th_century%29.svg/80px-Coa_Hungary_Country_History_%2814th_century%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Coa_Hungary_Country_History_%2814th_century%29.svg/120px-Coa_Hungary_Country_History_%2814th_century%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Coa_Hungary_Country_History_%2814th_century%29.svg/160px-Coa_Hungary_Country_History_%2814th_century%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/P%C5%99emyslid_dynasty" title="Přemyslid dynasty">House of Přemysl</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_III_of_Bohemia" title="Wenceslaus III of Bohemia">Wenceslaus</a> (1301–1305)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Wittelsbach" title="House of Wittelsbach">House of Wittelsbach</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otto_III,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Otto III, Duke of Bavaria">Otto</a> (1305–1307)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Capetian_House_of_Anjou" title="Capetian House of Anjou">Capetian House of Anjou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_Hungary" title="Charles I of Hungary">Charles I</a> (1308–1342)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_I_of_Hungary" title="Louis I of Hungary">Louis I</a> (1342–1382)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Hungary" title="Mary, Queen of Hungary">Maria</a> (1382–1385; 1386–1395)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_III_of_Naples" title="Charles III of Naples">Charles II</a> (1385–1386)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Luxembourg" title="House of Luxembourg">House of Luxembourg</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sigismund,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor">Sigismund</a> (1387–1437)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">House of Habsburg</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert_II_of_Germany" title="Albert II of Germany">Albert</a> (1437–1439)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladislaus_the_Posthumous" title="Ladislaus the Posthumous">Ladislaus V</a> (1440–1457)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jagiellonian_dynasty" title="Jagiellonian dynasty">House of Jagiellon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_III_of_Poland" title="Władysław III of Poland">Vladislaus I</a> (1440–1444)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hunyadi_family" title="Hunyadi family">House of Hunyadi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_Corvinus" title="Matthias Corvinus">Matthias I</a> (1458–1490)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jagiellonian_dynasty" title="Jagiellonian dynasty">House of Jagiellon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladislaus_II_of_Hungary" title="Vladislaus II of Hungary">Vladislaus II</a> (1490–1516)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_II_of_Hungary" title="Louis II of Hungary">Louis II</a> (1516–1526)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%A1polya_family" title="Zápolya family">House of Zápolya</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Z%C3%A1polya" title="John Zápolya">John</a> (1526–1540)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sigismund_Z%C3%A1polya" title="John Sigismund Zápolya">John Sigismund</a> (1540–1570)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">House of Habsburg</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ferdinand I</a> (1526–1564)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian</a> (1564–1576)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor">Rudolph</a> (1576–1608)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor">Matthias II</a> (1608–1619)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand II</a> (1619–1637)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand III</a> (1637–1657) <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_IV,_King_of_the_Romans" title="Ferdinand IV, King of the Romans">Ferdinand IV</a> (1647–1654)</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold I</a> (1657–1705)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph I</a> (1705–1711)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles III</a> (1711–1740)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa" title="Maria Theresa">Maria Theresa</a> (1740–1780)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg-Lorraine" title="House of Habsburg-Lorraine">House of Habsburg-Lorraine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph II</a> (1780–1790)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold II</a> (1790–1792)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor">Francis</a> (1792–1835)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Austria" title="Ferdinand I of Austria">Ferdinand V</a> (1835–1848)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Joseph_I_of_Austria" title="Franz Joseph I of Austria">Francis Joseph</a> (1848–1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_Austria" title="Charles I of Austria">Charles IV</a> (1916–1918)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Debatable or disputed rulers are in <i>italics</i>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monarchs_of_Austria" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Monarchs_of_Austria" title="Template:Monarchs of Austria"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monarchs_of_Austria" title="Template talk:Monarchs of Austria"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs_of_Austria" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs of Austria"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monarchs_of_Austria" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="List of monarchs of Austria">Monarchs of Austria</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Babenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Babenberg">House of Babenberg</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_I,_Margrave_of_Austria" title="Leopold I, Margrave of Austria">Leopold I the Illustrious</a> <small>(976–994)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_I,_Margrave_of_Austria" title="Henry I, Margrave of Austria">Henry I the Strong</a> <small>(994–1018)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adalbert,_Margrave_of_Austria" title="Adalbert, Margrave of Austria">Adalbert the Victorious</a> <small>(1018–1055)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest,_Margrave_of_Austria" title="Ernest, Margrave of Austria">Ernest the Brave</a> <small>(1055–1075)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_II,_Margrave_of_Austria" title="Leopold II, Margrave of Austria">Leopold II the Fair</a> <small>(1075–1095)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_III,_Margrave_of_Austria" title="Leopold III, Margrave of Austria">Leopold III the Good</a> <small>(1095–1136)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Leopold, Duke of Bavaria">Leopold the Generous</a> <small>(1137–1141)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_II,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Henry II, Duke of Austria">Henry II Jasomirgott</a> <small>(1141–1177)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_V,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Leopold V, Duke of Austria">Leopold V the Virtuous</a> <small>(1177–1194)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_I,_Duke_of_Austria_(Babenberg)" title="Frederick I, Duke of Austria (Babenberg)">Frederick I the Catholic</a> <small>(1195–1198)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_VI,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Leopold VI, Duke of Austria">Leopold VI the Glorious</a> <small>(1198–1230)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Frederick II, Duke of Austria">Frederick II the Quarrelsome</a> <small>(1230–1246)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Interregnum" title="Interregnum">Interregnum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladislaus_III_of_Moravia" title="Vladislaus III of Moravia">Vladislaus of Moravia</a> <small>(claimant 1246–1247)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_VI,_Margrave_of_Baden" title="Herman VI, Margrave of Baden">Herman VI of Baden</a> <small>(claimant 1248–1250)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_I,_Margrave_of_Baden" title="Frederick I, Margrave of Baden">Frederick I of Baden</a> <small>(claimant 1250–1268)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottokar_II_of_Bohemia" title="Ottokar II of Bohemia">Ottokar II of Bohemia</a> <small>(claimant 1251–1278)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">House of Habsburg</a><br /><small>Austria</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_I_of_Germany" title="Rudolf I of Germany">Rudolf I</a> <small>(1278–1282)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_I_of_Germany" title="Albert I of Germany">Albert I</a> <small>(1282–1308)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_II,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Rudolf II, Duke of Austria">Rudolf II the Debonair</a> <small>(1282–1283)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_I_of_Bohemia" title="Rudolf I of Bohemia">Rudolf III the Good</a> <small>(1298–1307)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_the_Fair" title="Frederick the Fair">Frederick I the Fair</a> <small>(1308–1330)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_I,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Leopold I, Duke of Austria">Leopold I the Glorious</a> <small>(1308–1326)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_II,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Albert II, Duke of Austria">Albert II the Wise</a> <small>(1330–1358)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Otto, Duke of Austria">Otto I the Merry</a> <small>(1330–1339)</small></li> <li>Frederick II <small>(1339–1344)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_II,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Leopold II, Duke of Austria">Leopold II</a> <small>(1339–1344)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_IV,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria">Rudolf IV the Founder</a> <small>(1358–1365)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_III,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Leopold III, Duke of Austria">Leopold III the Just</a> <small>(1365-1379)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_III,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Albert III, Duke of Austria">Albert III the Pigtail</a> <small>(1365-1395)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_IV,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Albert IV, Duke of Austria">Albert IV the Patient</a> <small>(1395-1404)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_II_of_Germany" title="Albert II of Germany">Albert V</a> <small>(1404–1439)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladislaus_the_Posthumous" title="Ladislaus the Posthumous">Ladislaus I the Posthumous</a> <small>(1440–1457)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick V the Peaceful</a> <small>(1457–1493)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian I the Last Knight</a> <small>(1493–1519)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles I</a> <small>(1519–1521)</small></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ferdinand I</a> <small>(1521–1564)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian II</a> <small>(1564–1576)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor">Rudolf V</a> <small>(1576–1608)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor">Matthias</a> <small>(1608–1619)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_VII,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Albert VII, Archduke of Austria">Albert VII</a> <small>(1619)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand III</a> <small>(1590, 1619–1637)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand IV</a> <small>(1637–1657)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_V,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Leopold V, Archduke of Austria">Leopold V</a> <small>(1623–1632)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Charles,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Ferdinand Charles, Archduke of Austria">Ferdinand Charles</a> <small>(1632–1662)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismund_Francis,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Sigismund Francis, Archduke of Austria">Sigismund Francis</a> <small>(1662–1665)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold VI</a> <small>(1657, 1665–1705)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph I</a> <small>(1705–1711)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles III</a> <small>(1711–1740)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa" title="Maria Theresa">Maria Theresa</a> <small>(1740–1780)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor">Francis I Stephen</a> <small>(1740–1765)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph II</a> <small>(1765–1790)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold VII</a> <small>(1790–1792)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor">Francis II</a> <small>(1792–1835)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Austria" title="Ferdinand I of Austria">Ferdinand I</a> <small>(1835–1848)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Joseph_I_of_Austria" title="Franz Joseph I of Austria">Francis Joseph I</a> <small>(1848–1916)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_Austria" title="Charles I of Austria">Charles I</a> <small>(1916–1918)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">House of Habsburg</a><br /><small>Styria, Carinthia, Carniola</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_III,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Leopold III, Duke of Austria">Leopold III the Just</a> <small>(1365–1386)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William,_Duke_of_Austria" title="William, Duke of Austria">William the Courteous</a> <small>(1386–1406)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_IV,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Leopold IV, Duke of Austria">Leopold IV the Fat</a> <small>(1386–1411)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Ernest, Duke of Austria">Ernest the Iron</a> <small>(1402–1424)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick V the Peaceful</a> <small>(1424–1493)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_VI,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Albert VI, Archduke of Austria">Albert VI the Prodigal</a> <small>(1457–1463)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian I the Last Knight</a> <small>(1493–1519)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles I</a> <small>(1519–1521)</small></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ferdinand I</a> <small>(1521–1564)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_II,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Charles II, Archduke of Austria">Charles II</a> <small>(1564–1590)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand III</a> <small>(1590–1637)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">House of Habsburg</a><br /><small>Tyrol</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_IV,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria">Rudolf IV the Founder</a> <small>(1363–1365)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_III,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Leopold III, Duke of Austria">Leopold III the Just</a> <small>(1365–1386)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William,_Duke_of_Austria" title="William, Duke of Austria">William the Courteous</a> <small>(1386–1406)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_IV,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Frederick IV, Duke of Austria">Frederick IV of the Empty Pockets</a> <small>(1406–1439)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismund,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Sigismund, Archduke of Austria">Sigismund the Rich</a> <small>(1439–1490)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian I the Last Knight</a> <small>(1490–1519)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles I</a> <small>(1519–1521)</small></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ferdinand I</a> <small>(1521–1564)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Ferdinand II, Archduke of Austria">Ferdinand II</a> <small>(1564–1595)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor">Matthias</a> <small>(1595–1619)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_VII,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Albert VII, Archduke of Austria">Albert VII</a> <small>(1619)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand III</a> <small>(1619–1623)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_V,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Leopold V, Archduke of Austria">Leopold V</a> <small>(1623–1632)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Charles,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Ferdinand Charles, Archduke of Austria">Ferdinand Charles</a> <small>(1632–1662)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismund_Francis,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Sigismund Francis, Archduke of Austria">Sigismund Francis</a> <small>(1662–1665)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold VI</a> <small>(1665–1705)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Austrian_archdukes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Austrian_archdukes" title="Template:Austrian archdukes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Austrian_archdukes" title="Template talk:Austrian archdukes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Austrian_archdukes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Austrian archdukes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Austrian_archdukes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Archduke#Other_dynastic_Habsburg_use" title="Archduke">Austrian archdukes</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Generations are numbered by male-line descent from the first archdukes. Later generations are included although Austrian titles of nobility were abolished in 1919.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1st generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_VI,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Albert VI, Archduke of Austria">Albert VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismund,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Sigismund, Archduke of Austria">Sigismund</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2nd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3rd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_I_of_Castile" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip I of Castile">Philip I of Castile</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles I</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ferdinand I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">5th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip II of Spain</a><sup>S</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Ferdinand II, Archduke of Austria">Ferdinand II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_II,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Charles II, Archduke of Austria">Charles II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">6th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carlos,_Prince_of_Asturias" title="Carlos, Prince of Asturias">Charles, Prince of Asturias</a><sup>S</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand,_Prince_of_Asturias" title="Ferdinand, Prince of Asturias">Ferdinand, Prince of Asturias</a><sup>S</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego,_Prince_of_Asturias" title="Diego, Prince of Asturias">Diego, Prince of Asturias</a><sup>S</sup><sup>P</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_Spain" title="Philip III of Spain">Philip III of Spain</a><sup>S</sup><sup>P</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor">Rudolf V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Ernest_of_Austria" title="Archduke Ernest of Austria">Ernest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor">Matthias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_III,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Maximilian III, Archduke of Austria">Maximilian III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_VII,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Albert VII, Archduke of Austria">Albert VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Wenceslaus_of_Austria" title="Archduke Wenceslaus of Austria">Wenceslaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Maximilian_Ernest_of_Austria" title="Archduke Maximilian Ernest of Austria">Maximilian Ernest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_V,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Leopold V, Archduke of Austria">Leopold V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_of_Austria,_Bishop_of_Wroclaw" title="Charles of Austria, Bishop of Wroclaw">Charles, Bishop of Wroclaw</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">7th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_Spain" title="Philip IV of Spain">Philip IV of Spain</a><sup>S</sup><sup>P</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Carlos_of_Spain_(1607%E2%80%931632)" title="Infante Carlos of Spain (1607–1632)">Charles</a><sup>S</sup><sup>P</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal-Infante_Ferdinand_of_Austria" title="Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria">Ferdinand</a><sup>S</sup><sup>P</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Alonso_of_Spain" title="Infante Alonso of Spain">Alonso</a><sup>S</sup><sup>P</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Leopold_Wilhelm_of_Austria" title="Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria">Leopold Wilhelm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Charles,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Ferdinand Charles, Archduke of Austria">Ferdinand Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismund_Francis,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Sigismund Francis, Archduke of Austria">Sigismund Francis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">8th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balthasar_Charles,_Prince_of_Asturias" title="Balthasar Charles, Prince of Asturias">Balthasar Charles, Prince of Asturias</a><sup>S</sup><sup>P</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Prospero,_Prince_of_Asturias" title="Philip Prospero, Prince of Asturias">Philip Prospero, Prince of Asturias</a><sup>S</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_Spain" title="Charles II of Spain">Charles II of Spain</a><sup>S</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_IV,_King_of_the_Romans" title="Ferdinand IV, King of the Romans">Ferdinand IV of Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Charles_Joseph_of_Austria" title="Archduke Charles Joseph of Austria">Charles Joseph</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">9th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Leopold_Joseph_of_Austria_(1682%E2%80%931684)" class="mw-redirect" title="Archduke Leopold Joseph of Austria (1682–1684)">Leopold Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">11th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph II</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Charles_Joseph_of_Austria_(born_1745)" title="Archduke Charles Joseph of Austria (born 1745)">Charles Joseph</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold VII</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Karl,_Archduke_of_Austria-Este" title="Ferdinand Karl, Archduke of Austria-Este">Ferdinand</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Maximilian_Francis_of_Austria" title="Archduke Maximilian Francis of Austria">Maximilian Franz, Archbishop-Elector of Cologne</a><sup>T</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">12th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor">Emperor Francis I</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_III,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" title="Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany">Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Charles,_Duke_of_Teschen" title="Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen">Charles</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Alexander_Leopold_of_Austria" title="Archduke Alexander Leopold of Austria">Alexander Leopold</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Joseph_of_Austria_(Palatine_of_Hungary)" title="Archduke Joseph of Austria (Palatine of Hungary)">Joseph</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Anton_Victor_of_Austria" title="Archduke Anton Victor of Austria">Anton Victor</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_John_of_Austria" title="Archduke John of Austria">John</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Rainer_Joseph_of_Austria" title="Archduke Rainer Joseph of Austria">Rainer Joseph</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Louis_of_Austria" title="Archduke Louis of Austria">Louis</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Rudolf_of_Austria" title="Archduke Rudolf of Austria">Cardinal Rudolf</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_IV,_Duke_of_Modena" title="Francis IV, Duke of Modena">Francis IV, Duke of Modena</a><sup>M</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Ferdinand_Karl_Joseph_of_Austria-Este" title="Archduke Ferdinand Karl Joseph of Austria-Este">Ferdinand Karl Joseph</a><sup>M</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Maximilian_of_Austria-Este" title="Archduke Maximilian of Austria-Este">Maximilian</a><sup>M</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Karl_Ambrosius_of_Austria-Este" title="Archduke Karl Ambrosius of Austria-Este">Karl Ambrosius, Primate of Hungary</a><sup>M</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">13th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Austria" title="Ferdinand I of Austria">Emperor Ferdinand I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Joseph_Franz_of_Austria" title="Archduke Joseph Franz of Austria">Joseph Franz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Franz_Karl_of_Austria" title="Archduke Franz Karl of Austria">Franz Karl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_II,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" title="Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany">Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Albrecht,_Duke_of_Teschen" title="Archduke Albrecht, Duke of Teschen">Albrecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Karl_Ferdinand_of_Austria" title="Archduke Karl Ferdinand of Austria">Karl Ferdinand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Friedrich_of_Austria_(1821%E2%80%931847)" title="Archduke Friedrich of Austria (1821–1847)">Frederick Ferdinand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Wilhelm_Franz_of_Austria" title="Archduke Wilhelm Franz of Austria">Wilhelm Franz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Stephen_of_Austria_(Palatine_of_Hungary)" title="Archduke Stephen of Austria (Palatine of Hungary)">Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Joseph_Karl_of_Austria" title="Archduke Joseph Karl of Austria">Joseph Karl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Leopold_Ludwig_of_Austria" title="Archduke Leopold Ludwig of Austria">Leopold Ludwig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Ernest_of_Austria_(1824%E2%80%931899)" title="Archduke Ernest of Austria (1824–1899)">Ernest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Sigismund_of_Austria_(1826%E2%80%931891)" title="Archduke Sigismund of Austria (1826–1891)">Sigismund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Rainer_Ferdinand_of_Austria" title="Archduke Rainer Ferdinand of Austria">Rainer Ferdinand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Heinrich_Anton_of_Austria" title="Archduke Heinrich Anton of Austria">Heinrich Anton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_V,_Duke_of_Modena" title="Francis V, Duke of Modena">Francis V, Duke of Modena</a><sup>M</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Ferdinand_Karl_Viktor_of_Austria-Este" title="Archduke Ferdinand Karl Viktor of Austria-Este">Ferdinand Karl Viktor</a><sup>M</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">14th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Joseph_I_of_Austria" title="Franz Joseph I of Austria">Emperor Franz Joseph I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I_of_Mexico" title="Maximilian I of Mexico">Maximilian I of Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Karl_Ludwig_of_Austria" title="Archduke Karl Ludwig of Austria">Karl Ludwig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Ludwig_Viktor_of_Austria" title="Archduke Ludwig Viktor of Austria">Ludwig Viktor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_IV,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" title="Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany">Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Karl_Salvator_of_Austria" title="Archduke Karl Salvator of Austria">Karl Salvator</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Ludwig_Salvator_of_Austria" title="Archduke Ludwig Salvator of Austria">Ludwig Salvator</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Johann_Salvator_of_Austria" title="Archduke Johann Salvator of Austria">John Salvator</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Friedrich,_Duke_of_Teschen" title="Archduke Friedrich, Duke of Teschen">Friedrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Charles_Stephen_of_Austria" title="Archduke Charles Stephen of Austria">Charles Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Eugen_of_Austria" title="Archduke Eugen of Austria">Eugen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Joseph_August_of_Austria" title="Archduke Joseph August of Austria">Joseph August</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Ladislaus_Philipp_of_Austria" title="Archduke Ladislaus Philipp of Austria">Archduke Ladislaus Philipp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">15th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf,_Crown_Prince_of_Austria" title="Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria">Crown Prince Rudolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Franz_Ferdinand_of_Austria" title="Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria">Franz Ferdinand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Otto_Franz_Joseph_of_Austria" title="Archduke Otto Franz Joseph of Austria">Otto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Ferdinand_Karl_of_Austria" title="Archduke Ferdinand Karl of Austria">Ferdinand Karl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Leopold_Ferdinand_of_Austria" title="Archduke Leopold Ferdinand of Austria">Leopold Ferdinand</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Joseph_Ferdinand_of_Austria" title="Archduke Joseph Ferdinand of Austria">Josef Ferdinand</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Peter_Ferdinand_of_Austria" title="Archduke Peter Ferdinand of Austria">Peter Ferdinand</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Leopold_Salvator_of_Austria" title="Archduke Leopold Salvator of Austria">Leopold Salvator</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Franz_Salvator_of_Austria" title="Archduke Franz Salvator of Austria">Franz Salvator</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Albrecht_Franz,_Duke_of_Teschen" title="Archduke Albrecht Franz, Duke of Teschen">Albrecht Franz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Karl_Albrecht_of_Austria" title="Archduke Karl Albrecht of Austria">Karl Albrecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Leo_Karl_of_Austria" title="Archduke Leo Karl of Austria">Leo Karl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Wilhelm_of_Austria" title="Archduke Wilhelm of Austria">Wilhelm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Joseph_Francis_of_Austria" title="Archduke Joseph Francis of Austria">Joseph Francis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">16th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_Austria" title="Charles I of Austria">Emperor Charles I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Maximilian_of_Austria_(1895%E2%80%931952)" title="Archduke Maximilian of Austria (1895–1952)">Maximilian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Habsburg<br />Tuscany</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Gottfried_of_Austria" title="Archduke Gottfried of Austria">Gottfried</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Rainer_of_Austria_(1895%E2%80%931930)" title="Archduke Rainer of Austria (1895–1930)">Rainer</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Leopold_of_Austria,_Prince_of_Tuscany" title="Archduke Leopold of Austria, Prince of Tuscany">Leopold Maria</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Anton_of_Austria" title="Archduke Anton of Austria">Anton</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Franz_Josef_of_Austria,_Prince_of_Tuscany" title="Archduke Franz Josef of Austria, Prince of Tuscany">Franz Joseph</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Karl_Pius_of_Austria,_Prince_of_Tuscany" title="Archduke Karl Pius of Austria, Prince of Tuscany">Karl Pius</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Franz_Karl_Salvator_of_Austria" title="Archduke Franz Karl Salvator of Austria">Franz Karl Salvator</a><sup>T</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Hubert_Salvator_of_Austria" title="Archduke Hubert Salvator of Austria">Hubert Salvator</a><sup>T</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Palatines<br />of Hungary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Joseph_%C3%81rp%C3%A1d_of_Austria" title="Archduke Joseph Árpád of Austria">Joseph Árpád</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9za_von_Habsburg" title="Géza von Habsburg">Géza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">17th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Descent of<br />Charles I</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Habsburg" title="Otto von Habsburg">Crown Prince Otto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert,_Archduke_of_Austria-Este" title="Robert, Archduke of Austria-Este">Robert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Felix_of_Austria" title="Archduke Felix of Austria">Felix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Carl_Ludwig_of_Austria_(1918%E2%80%932007)" title="Archduke Carl Ludwig of Austria (1918–2007)">Carl Ludwig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Rudolf_of_Austria_(1919%E2%80%932010)" title="Archduke Rudolf of Austria (1919–2010)">Rudolf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tuscany</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dominic_von_Habsburg" title="Dominic von Habsburg">Dominic</a><sup>T</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Palatines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Habsburg-Lothringen" title="Eduard Habsburg-Lothringen">Eduard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Charles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karl_von_Habsburg" title="Karl von Habsburg">Karl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_von_Habsburg" title="Georg von Habsburg">Georg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Lorenz_of_Belgium" title="Prince Lorenz of Belgium">Lorenz</a><sup>B</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Felipe_de_Habsburgo" title="Carlos Felipe de Habsburgo">Karl Philipp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_von_Habsburg" title="Simeon von Habsburg">Simeon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">19th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Charles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Habsburg_(racing_driver)" title="Ferdinand Habsburg (racing driver)">Ferdinand Zvonimir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Amedeo_of_Belgium" title="Prince Amedeo of Belgium">Amedeo</a><sup>B</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>S: <i>also an infante of Spain</i></li> <li>P: <i>also an infante of Portugal</i></li> <li>T: <i>also a prince of Tuscany</i></li> <li>M: <i>also a prince of Modena</i></li> <li>B: <i>also a prince of Belgium</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Infantes_of_Aragon" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Infantes_of_Aragon" title="Template:Infantes of Aragon"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Infantes_of_Aragon" title="Template talk:Infantes of Aragon"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Infantes_of_Aragon" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Infantes of Aragon"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Infantes_of_Aragon" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Infante" title="Infante">Infantes of Aragon</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1st generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sancho_Ram%C3%ADrez" title="Sancho Ramírez">Sancho I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2nd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_I_of_Aragon_and_Pamplona" title="Peter I of Aragon and Pamplona">Peter I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_the_Battler" title="Alfonso the Battler">Alfonso I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramiro_II_of_Aragon" title="Ramiro II of Aragon">Ramiro II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ramon/<a href="/wiki/Alfonso_II_of_Aragon" title="Alfonso II of Aragon">Alfonso II</a></li> <li>Peter, Count of Cerdanya/<a href="/wiki/Ramon_Berenguer_III,_Count_of_Provence" title="Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Provence">Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Provence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sancho,_Count_of_Provence" title="Sancho, Count of Provence">Sancho, Count of Provence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">5th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_II_of_Aragon" title="Peter II of Aragon">Peter II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_II,_Count_of_Provence" title="Alfonso II, Count of Provence">Alfonso II, Count of Provence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">6th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_I_of_Aragon" title="James I of Aragon">James I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">7th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_III_of_Aragon" title="Peter III of Aragon">Peter III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_II_of_Majorca" title="James II of Majorca">James II of Majorca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sancho_of_Aragon_(archbishop_of_Toledo)" title="Sancho of Aragon (archbishop of Toledo)">Sancho</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">8th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_III_of_Aragon" title="Alfonso III of Aragon">Alfonso III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_II_of_Aragon" title="James II of Aragon">James II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_III_of_Sicily" title="Frederick III of Sicily">Frederick III of Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sancho_of_Majorca" title="Sancho of Majorca">Sancho of Majorca</a> <sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_of_Majorca" title="Ferdinand of Majorca">Ferdinand, Viscount of Aumelas</a> <sup><small>1</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">9th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_IV_of_Aragon" title="Alfonso IV of Aragon">Alfonso IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_II_of_Sicily" title="Peter II of Sicily">Peter II of Sicily</a> <sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manfred,_Duke_of_Athens" title="Manfred, Duke of Athens">Manfred, Duke of Athens and Neopatria</a> <sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_II,_Duke_of_Athens" title="William II, Duke of Athens">William II, Duke of Athens and Neopatria</a> <sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John,_Duke_of_Randazzo" title="John, Duke of Randazzo">John, Duke of Randazzo</a> <sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_III_of_Majorca" title="James III of Majorca">James III of Majorca</a> <sup><small>1</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">10th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_IV_of_Aragon" title="Peter IV of Aragon">Peter IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_I,_Count_of_Urgell" title="James I, Count of Urgell">James I, Count of Urgell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_King_of_Sicily" title="Louis, King of Sicily">Louis of Sicily</a> <sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_the_Simple" title="Frederick the Simple">Frederick IV of Sicily</a> <sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_I,_Duke_of_Athens" title="Frederick I, Duke of Athens">Frederick I, Duke of Athens and Neopatria</a> <sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_IV_of_Majorca" title="James IV of Majorca">James IV of Majorca</a> <sup><small>1</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">11th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_I_of_Aragon" title="John I of Aragon">John I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_of_Aragon" title="Martin of Aragon">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_II,_Count_of_Urgell" title="Peter II, Count of Urgell">Peter II, Count of Urgell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">12th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin_I_of_Sicily" title="Martin I of Sicily">Martin I of Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_II,_Count_of_Urgell" title="James II, Count of Urgell">James II, Count of Urgell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">13th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_of_Aragon_(heir_of_Sicily)" title="Peter of Aragon (heir of Sicily)">Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_of_Aragon_(heir_of_Sicily)" title="Martin of Aragon (heir of Sicily)">Martin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">14th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_V_of_Aragon" title="Alfonso V of Aragon">Alfonso V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_II_of_Aragon" title="John II of Aragon">John II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry,_Duke_of_Villena" title="Henry, Duke of Villena">Henry, Duke of Villena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_of_Aragon,_Count_of_Alburquerque" title="Peter of Aragon, Count of Alburquerque">Peter, Count of Alburquerque</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">15th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles,_Prince_of_Viana" title="Charles, Prince of Viana">Charles, Prince of Viana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II_of_Aragon" title="Ferdinand II of Aragon">Ferdinand II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">16th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John,_Prince_of_Asturias" title="John, Prince of Asturias">John, Prince of Asturias</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">17th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles I of Spain</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> <span class="wrap">also a prince of Majorca</span></li> <li><sup><small>2</small></sup> <span class="wrap">also a prince of Sicily</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150611#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150611#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150611#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000110266433">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/51698517">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/90486/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJdRBPFX6gWWw8D7KydxXd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118532502">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82050986">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119899663">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119899663">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Ferdinand <imperatore ; 1.>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/RMLV020660">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35118165">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20000700519&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1163612">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p070474729">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90575636">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000023507&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/1zcfghwk5jd2f0x">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810605975205606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/96519">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007261019105171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/21149730">Belgium</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14074730">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA0759456X?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500354882">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/490399">RKD Artists</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/831745">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118532502.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118532502">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027691500">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6zs32mg">SNAC</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rism.online/people/332913">RISM</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&oldid=1253247745">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&oldid=1253247745</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Category:Ferdinand 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