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data-animation="fade-in-from-bottom" data-delay="0" > <div class="vc_column-inner" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="nectar-fancy-box using-img " style="min-height: 350px" data-style="hover_desc" data-border-radius="5px" data-animation="" data-bg-animation="long_zoom" data-border="" data-delay="" data-alignment="left" data-color="accent-color" ><div class="box-bg" data-nectar-img-src="https://www.worldstandards.eu/wp-content/uploads/home-page-plug-socket-types.jpg"></div><div class="inner"><div class="heading-wrap"> <h3>Prises électriques dans le monde</h3> </div><div class="hover-content">Liste des prises électriques internationales</div></div> <a href="/fr/electricite/types-de-prises/" class="box-link"></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vc_col-sm-3 wpb_column column_container vc_column_container col child_column has-animation no-extra-padding inherit_tablet inherit_phone " data-padding-pos="all" data-has-bg-color="false" data-bg-color="" data-bg-opacity="1" 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data-animation="fade-in-from-bottom" data-delay="200" > <div class="vc_column-inner" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="nectar-fancy-box using-img " style="min-height: 350px" data-style="hover_desc" data-border-radius="5px" data-animation="" data-bg-animation="long_zoom" data-border="" data-delay="" data-alignment="left" data-color="accent-color" ><div class="box-bg" data-nectar-img-src="https://www.worldstandards.eu/wp-content/uploads/home-page-TLDs.jpg"></div><div class="inner"><div class="heading-wrap"> <h3>Terminaisons web nationales (TLD nationaux)</h3> </div><div class="hover-content">Liste des domaines de premier niveau nationaux</div></div> <a href="/fr/divers/tld/" class="box-link"></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vc_col-sm-3 wpb_column column_container vc_column_container col child_column has-animation no-extra-padding inherit_tablet inherit_phone " data-padding-pos="all" data-has-bg-color="false" data-bg-color="" data-bg-opacity="1" data-animation="fade-in-from-bottom" data-delay="300" > <div class="vc_column-inner" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="nectar-fancy-box using-img " style="min-height: 350px" data-style="hover_desc" data-border-radius="5px" data-animation="" data-bg-animation="long_zoom" data-border="" data-delay="" data-alignment="left" data-color="accent-color" ><div class="box-bg" data-nectar-img-src="https://www.worldstandards.eu/wp-content/uploads/home-page-alphabets.jpg"></div><div class="inner"><div class="heading-wrap"> <h3>Alphabets du monde</h3> </div><div class="hover-content">Carte légendée des systèmes d'écriture dans le monde</div></div> <a href="/fr/divers/alphabets/" class="box-link"></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <div id="fws_677aa9030541a" data-column-margin="default" data-midnight="dark" class="wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_row" style="padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; "><div class="row-bg-wrap" data-bg-animation="none" data-bg-animation-delay="" data-bg-overlay="false"><div class="inner-wrap row-bg-layer" ><div class="row-bg viewport-desktop" style=""></div></div></div><div class="row_col_wrap_12 col span_12 dark left"> <div class="vc_col-sm-12 wpb_column column_container vc_column_container col no-extra-padding inherit_tablet inherit_phone " data-padding-pos="all" data-has-bg-color="false" data-bg-color="" data-bg-opacity="1" data-animation="" data-delay="0" > <div class="vc_column-inner" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h3 style="text-align: center;">WorldStandards</h3> <p>Alors que les échanges commerciaux se multiplient et que le monde semble devenir de plus en plus petit, nous avons plus que jamais besoin de normes universelles. Non seulement parce qu’elles rendent nos vies beaucoup plus agréables, mais aussi parce qu’elles réduisent les déchets et la pollution.</p> <p>Imaginez à quel point ce serait pratique si tous les pays avaient le même type de prise électrique, si tout le monde conduisait à droite, si le monde entier utilisait le système métrique, et ainsi de suite.</p> <p>Les normes sont un élément essentiel de notre vie quotidienne et garantissent le bon fonctionnement de l’ensemble. Dans un monde idéal, tout serait normalisé. Malheureusement, nous ne vivons pas dans ce monde parfait. Il reste encore beaucoup de chemin à parcourir, c’est pourquoi je souhaite sensibiliser les gens aux problèmes causés par l’absence de normes. À l’heure actuelle, il existe encore trop peu de « normes mondiales », c’est-à-dire de normes utilisées dans le monde entier. J’espère que cela changera. Si tous les pays travaillent ensemble, ils peuvent faire en sorte que notre vie devienne plus facile.</p> <p>J’espère que ce site web sera une bonne source d’informations pour tous ceux qui s’intéressent un tant soit peu aux normes et aux particularités culturelles.</p> <h5 style="text-align: right;">Conrad H. McGregor</h5> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="footer-outer" data-midnight="light" data-cols="4" data-custom-color="true" data-disable-copyright="false" data-matching-section-color="true" data-copyright-line="false" data-using-bg-img="false" data-bg-img-overlay="0.8" data-full-width="false" data-using-widget-area="false" data-link-hover="default"> <div class="row" id="copyright" data-layout="default"> <div class="container"> <div class="col span_5"> <p>© 2025 WorldStandards. </p> </div><!--/span_5--> <div class="col span_7 col_last"> <ul class="social"> </ul> </div><!--/span_7--> </div><!--/container--> </div><!--/row--> </div><!--/footer-outer--> <div id="slide-out-widget-area-bg" class="slide-out-from-right dark"> </div> <div id="slide-out-widget-area" class="slide-out-from-right" data-dropdown-func="separate-dropdown-parent-link" data-back-txt="Back"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <div class="inner" data-prepend-menu-mobile="false"> <a 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