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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_CPD_(1950s)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_CPD_(1950s)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>First CPD (1950s)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_CPD_(1950s)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Members_of_the_First_CPD" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Members_of_the_First_CPD"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Members of the First CPD</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Members_of_the_First_CPD-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_CPD_(1970s)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_CPD_(1970s)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Second CPD (1970s)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_CPD_(1970s)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Founding_members_of_the_second_CPD" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Founding_members_of_the_second_CPD"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Founding members of the second CPD</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Founding_members_of_the_second_CPD-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Third_CPD_(2004)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third_CPD_(2004)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Third CPD (2004)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Third_CPD_(2004)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fourth_CPD_(2019)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fourth_CPD_(2019)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Fourth CPD (2019)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fourth_CPD_(2019)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Members" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Members"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>Members</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Members-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticisms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticisms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.2</span> <span>Criticisms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticisms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li 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Present Danger</b> (<b>CPD</b>) is the name used by a succession of American <a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">anti-communist</a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_interest_group" title="Foreign policy interest group">foreign policy interest groups</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Throughout its four iterations—in the 1950s, the 1970s, the 2000s, and 2019—it has influenced foreign policy since the administration of <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-soviet_book_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-soviet_book-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its first iteration disbanded as its leading members joined the Dwight Eisenhower administration, leading for it to be reformed in 1976 to counter the Soviet Union during the cold war.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This iteration achieved notable success during the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="Presidency of Ronald Reagan">Reagan administration</a>. The third iteration was formed by veterans of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War_(1979%E2%80%931985)" title="Cold War (1979–1985)">Cold War</a> in 2004 in support of the <a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">war on terror</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TheHill_Kirchick_20040630_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheHill_Kirchick_20040630-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fourth iteration, the <a href="/wiki/Committee_on_the_Present_Danger:_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Committee on the Present Danger: China">Committee on the Present Danger: China (CPDC)</a> returned the group to its anti-communist roots with a focus on the threat posed to the United States by the <a href="/wiki/China_Communist_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="China Communist Party">China Communist Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Committee_on_the_Present_Danger&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The committee first met in 1950, founded by <a href="/wiki/Tracy_Voorhees" title="Tracy Voorhees">Tracy Voorhees</a>, to promote the plans proposed in <a href="/wiki/NSC_68" title="NSC 68">NSC 68</a> by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Nitze" title="Paul Nitze">Paul Nitze</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dean_Acheson" title="Dean Acheson">Dean Acheson</a>. It lobbied the government directly and sought to influence <a href="/wiki/Public_opinion" title="Public opinion">public opinion</a> through a publicity campaign, notably a weekly radio broadcast on the <a href="/wiki/Mutual_Broadcasting_System" title="Mutual Broadcasting System">Mutual Broadcasting System</a> throughout 1951.<sup id="cite_ref-Peddlers_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peddlers-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This iteration was effectively disbanded after 1952, following the appointment of Voorhees and others to senior positions in the administration.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was privately revived in March 1976 to try to influence the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Presidential_election,_1976" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Presidential election, 1976">presidential candidates</a> and their advisors.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> After <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> won the election, CPD went public again and spent the next four years lobbying, particularly against <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9tente" title="Détente">détente</a> and the <a href="/wiki/SALT_II" class="mw-redirect" title="SALT II">SALT II</a> agreement. Its <a href="/wiki/War_Hawk" class="mw-redirect" title="War Hawk">hawkish</a> conclusions influenced the <a href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a>'s future reporting on the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> threat.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This iteration of the CPD provided 33 officials to the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="Presidency of Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan administration</a>, plus Reagan himself.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Committee_on_the_Present_Danger&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_CPD_(1950s)"><span id="First_CPD_.281950s.29"></span>First CPD (1950s)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Committee_on_the_Present_Danger&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: First CPD (1950s)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On December 12, 1950, <a href="/wiki/James_Bryant_Conant" class="mw-redirect" title="James Bryant Conant">James Conant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tracy_Voorhees" title="Tracy Voorhees">Tracy Voorhees</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vannevar_Bush" title="Vannevar Bush">Vannevar Bush</a> announced the creation of the committee on the Present Danger.<sup id="cite_ref-Peddlers_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peddlers-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The group was formed in order to support the Truman Administration's remilitarization plans contained within <a href="/wiki/NSC_68" title="NSC 68">NSC 68</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Peddlers_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peddlers-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 'present danger' to which the group's title referred was "the aggressive designs of the Soviet Union", the CPD announced.<sup id="cite_ref-Peddlers_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peddlers-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Members_of_the_First_CPD">Members of the First CPD</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Committee_on_the_Present_Danger&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Members of the First CPD"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Bryant_Conant" class="mw-redirect" title="James Bryant Conant">James B. Conant</a> (chairman)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracy_Voorhees" title="Tracy Voorhees">Tracy S. Voorhees</a> (Vice Chairman)</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Ochs_Adler" title="Julius Ochs Adler">Julius Ochs Adler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_B._Allen" title="Raymond B. Allen">Raymond B. Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Altschul" title="Frank Altschul">Frank Altschul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dillon_Anderson" title="Dillon Anderson">Dillon Anderson</a></li> <li>William Douglas Arant</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Phinney_Baxter_III" title="James Phinney Baxter III">James Phinney Baxter, III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laird_Bell" title="Laird Bell">Laird Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Bingham_Sr." title="Barry Bingham Sr.">Barry Bingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Amos_Bullis" title="Harry Amos Bullis">Harry A. Bullis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vannevar_Bush" title="Vannevar Bush">Vannevar Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_L._Clayton" title="William L. Clayton">William L. Clayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Cutler" title="Robert Cutler">Robert Cutler</a></li> <li>R. Ammi Cutter</li> <li>Mrs. Dwight Davis</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everette_Lee_DeGolyer" title="Everette Lee DeGolyer">E.L. DeGolyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_W._Dodds" title="Harold W. Dodds">Harold Willis Dodds</a></li> <li>Charles Dollard</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Donovan" title="William J. Donovan">William J. Donovan</a></li> <li>Goldthwaite H. Dorr</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Dubinsky" title="David Dubinsky">David Dubinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Firestone" title="Leonard Firestone">Leonard K. Firestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truman_Gibson" title="Truman Gibson">Truman K. Gibson Jr.</a></li> <li>Miss Meta Glass</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Goldberg" title="Arthur Goldberg">Arthur J. Goldberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Goldwyn" title="Samuel Goldwyn">Samuel Goldwyn</a></li> <li>W. W. Grant</li> <li>Edward S. Greenbaum</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_G._Hoffman" title="Paul G. Hoffman">Paul G. Hoffman</a></li> <li>Monte H. Lemann</li> <li>William L. Marbury</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Marcus" title="Stanley Marcus">Stanley Marcus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_C._Menninger" title="William C. Menninger">Dr. William C. Menninger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Middlebush" title="Frederick Middlebush">Frederick A. Middlebush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Morrill" title="James Morrill">James L. Morrill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_R._Murrow" title="Edward R. Murrow">Edward R. Murrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lord_O%27Brian" title="John Lord O'Brian">John Lord O'Brian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floyd_Odlum" title="Floyd Odlum">Floyd B. Odlum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Robert_Oppenheimer" title="J. Robert Oppenheimer">J. Robert Oppenheimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_P._Patterson" title="Robert P. Patterson">Robert P. Patterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_C._Petersen" title="Howard C. Petersen">Howard C. Petersen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_A._Poling" title="Daniel A. Poling">Daniel A. Poling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Rogers_Resor" title="Stanley Rogers Resor">Stanley Resor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Rosenman" title="Samuel Rosenman">Samuel Rosenman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Schultz" title="Theodore Schultz">Theodore W. Schultz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Sherwood" title="Robert E. Sherwood">Robert E. Sherwood</a></li> <li>Edgar W. Smith</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gordon_Sproul" title="Robert Gordon Sproul">Robert G. Sproul</a></li> <li>Robert L. Stearns</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_A._Walsh" title="Edmund A. Walsh">Edmund A. Walsh, S.J.</a></li> <li>W. W. Waymack</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Wriston" title="Henry Wriston">Henry M. Wriston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_David_Zellerbach" title="James David Zellerbach">J. D. Zellerbach</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_CPD_(1970s)"><span id="Second_CPD_.281970s.29"></span>Second CPD (1970s)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Committee_on_the_Present_Danger&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Second CPD (1970s)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On November 11, 1976, the second iteration was announced. The name of this version of the committee was "borrow[ed]" from the 1950s version, and was not a direct successor.<sup id="cite_ref-AlertingAmerica_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AlertingAmerica-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some of its members lobbied for, and were members of, the 1976 <a href="/wiki/Team_B" title="Team B">Team B</a>, providing an opposing view to the <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">CIA</a>'s <i>Team A</i>. </p><p>Thirty-three officials of the Reagan administration were CPD members, including <a href="/wiki/Director_of_Central_Intelligence" title="Director of Central Intelligence">Director of Central Intelligence</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Casey" class="mw-redirect" title="William Casey">William Casey</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Advisor_(United_States)" title="National Security Advisor (United States)">National Security Advisor</a> <a href="/wiki/Richard_V._Allen" title="Richard V. Allen">Richard V. Allen</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_the_United_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to the United Nations">United States Ambassador to the United Nations</a> <a href="/wiki/Jeane_Kirkpatrick" title="Jeane Kirkpatrick">Jeane Kirkpatrick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_the_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of the Navy">Secretary of the Navy</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Lehman" title="John Lehman">John Lehman</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Shultz" title="George Shultz">George Shultz</a>, and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Assistant_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Assistant Secretary of Defense">Assistant Secretary of Defense</a> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Perle" title="Richard Perle">Richard Perle</a>. Reagan himself was a member in 1979. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Founding_members_of_the_second_CPD">Founding members of the second CPD</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Committee_on_the_Present_Danger&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Founding members of the second CPD"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Achilles" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodore Achilles">Achilles, Theodore C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_V._Allen" title="Richard V. Allen">Allen, Richard V.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Moore_Allison" class="mw-redirect" title="John Moore Allison">Allison, John M.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenie_Anderson" title="Eugenie Anderson">Anderson, Eugenie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_D._Beam" title="Jacob D. Beam">Beam, Jacob D.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saul_Bellow" title="Saul Bellow">Bellow, Saul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Bendetsen" title="Karl Bendetsen">Bendetsen, Karl R.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Randolph_Burgess" title="Warren Randolph Burgess">Burgess, W. Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Moors_Cabot" title="John Moors Cabot">Cabot, John M.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Casey" title="William J. Casey">Casey, William J</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sol_Chick_Chaikin" class="mw-redirect" title="Sol Chick Chaikin">Chaikin, Sol C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_S._Cline" title="Ray S. Cline">Cline, Ray S.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Colby" title="William Colby">Colby, William E.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Connally" title="John Connally">Connally, John B.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_T._Connor" title="John T. Connor">Connor, John T.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colgate_Darden" title="Colgate Darden">Darden, Colgate W. Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Dean_(lawyer)" title="Arthur Dean (lawyer)">Dean, Arthur H.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Douglas_Dillon" title="C. Douglas Dillon">Dillon, C. Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._Harrison_Dogole" title="S. Harrison Dogole">Dogole, S. Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_H._Dominick" title="Peter H. Dominick">Dominick, Peter H.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_C._Dowling" title="Walter C. Dowling">Dowling, Walter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Dubrow" title="Evelyn Dubrow">DuBrow, Evelyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_T._Farrell" title="James T. Farrell">Farrell, James T.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Fellman" title="David Fellman">Fellman, David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_H._Fowler" title="Henry H. Fowler">Fowler, Henry H.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Frelinghuysen_Jr." title="Peter Frelinghuysen Jr.">Frelinghuysen, Peter H. B.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Glazer" title="Nathan Glazer">Glazer, Nathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Goodpaster" title="Andrew Goodpaster">Goodpaster, Andrew J.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Peter_Grace" title="J. Peter Grace">Grace, J. Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Gray_(politician)" title="Gordon Gray (politician)">Gray, Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Handlin" title="Oscar Handlin">Handlin, Oscar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rita_Hauser" title="Rita Hauser">Hauser, Rita E.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._C._Hurewitz" title="J. C. Hurewitz">Hurewitz, J. C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalmers_Johnson" title="Chalmers Johnson">Johnson, Chalmers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_C._Jordan" title="David C. Jordan">Jordan, David C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Kampelman" title="Max Kampelman">Kampelman, Max M.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Kemp" title="Geoffrey Kemp">Kemp, Geoffrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Keyserling" title="Leon Keyserling">Keyserling, Leon H.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lane_Kirkland" title="Lane Kirkland">Kirkland, Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeane_Kirkpatrick" title="Jeane Kirkpatrick">Kirkpatrick, Jeanne J.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foy_D._Kohler" title="Foy D. Kohler">Kohler Foy D.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_F._Krogh" title="Peter F. Krogh">Krogh, Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_W._Lefever" title="Ernest W. Lefever">Lefever, Ernest W.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyman_Lemnitzer" title="Lyman Lemnitzer">Lemnitzer, Lyman L.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willard_Libby" title="Willard Libby">Libby, W. F.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seymour_Martin_Lipset" title="Seymour Martin Lipset">Lipset, Seymour Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Lovestone" title="Jay Lovestone">Lovestone, Jay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clare_Boothe_Luce" title="Clare Boothe Luce">Luce, Clare Boothe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_McChesney_Martin" title="William McChesney Martin">Martin, William McChesney Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_A._McCabe" title="Edward A. McCabe">McCabe, Edward A.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_C._McGhee" title="George C. McGhee">McGhee, George C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Evander_McNair" title="Robert Evander McNair">McNair, Robert E.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Morse" title="Joshua Morse">Morse, Joshua M.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Muller" title="Steven Muller">Muller, Steven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Mulliken" title="Robert S. Mulliken">Mulliken, Robert S.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bess_Myerson" title="Bess Myerson">Myerson, Bess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Nitze" title="Paul Nitze">Nitze, Paul H.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._Olmsted" title="George H. Olmsted">Olmsted, George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Packard" title="David Packard">Packard, David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midge_Decter" title="Midge Decter">Podhoretz, Midge Dector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Podhoretz" title="Norman Podhoretz">Podhoretz, Norman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estelle_Ramey" title="Estelle Ramey">Ramey, Estelle R.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ramsey_(ethicist)" title="Paul Ramsey (ethicist)">Ramsey, Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Ridgway" title="Matthew Ridgway">Ridgway, Matthew B.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_V._Rostow" title="Eugene V. Rostow">Rostow, Eugene V.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_Rusk" title="Dean Rusk">Rusk, Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayard_Rustin" title="Bayard Rustin">Rustin, Bayard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Saltzman" title="Charles E. Saltzman">Saltzman, Charles E.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Mellon_Scaife" title="Richard Mellon Scaife">Scaife, Richard M.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Schifter" title="Richard Schifter">Schifter, Richard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Seabury" title="Paul Seabury">Seabury, Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Shanker" title="Albert Shanker">Shanker, Albert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Tanham" title="George Tanham">Tanham, George K.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxwell_D._Taylor" title="Maxwell D. Taylor">Taylor, Maxwell D.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Teller" title="Edward Teller">Teller, Edward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Tyroler_II" title="Charles Tyroler II">Tyroler, Charles, II.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Van_Cleave" title="William Van Cleave">Van Cleave, William R.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charls_Walker" title="Charls Walker">Walker, Charls E.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Wigner" title="Eugene Wigner">Wigner, Eugene P.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_O._Wilcox" title="Francis O. Wilcox">Wilcox, Francis O.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertram_Wolfe" title="Bertram Wolfe">Wolfe, Bertram D.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmo_Zumwalt" title="Elmo Zumwalt">Zumwalt, Elmo R.</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Third_CPD_(2004)"><span id="Third_CPD_.282004.29"></span>Third CPD (2004)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Committee_on_the_Present_Danger&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Third CPD (2004)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Committee_on_the_Present_Danger_(logo).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1c/Committee_on_the_Present_Danger_%28logo%29.jpg/200px-Committee_on_the_Present_Danger_%28logo%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1c/Committee_on_the_Present_Danger_%28logo%29.jpg/300px-Committee_on_the_Present_Danger_%28logo%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/1c/Committee_on_the_Present_Danger_%28logo%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="334" data-file-height="72" /></a><figcaption>Logo of the third incarnation of the Committee on the Present Danger</figcaption></figure><p>In June 2004, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hill_(newspaper)" title="The Hill (newspaper)">The Hill</a></i> reported that a third incarnation of CPD was being planned, to address the <a href="/wiki/War_on_Terrorism" class="mw-redirect" title="War on Terrorism">War on Terrorism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TheHill_Kirchick_20040630_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheHill_Kirchick_20040630-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This incarnation of the committee was still active as of 2008. The head of the 2004 CPD, PR pro and former <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Reagan</a> adviser <a href="/wiki/Peter_D._Hannaford" title="Peter D. Hannaford">Peter D. Hannaford</a>, explained, "we saw a parallel" between the Soviet threat and the threat from terrorism. The message that CPD will convey through lobbying, media work and conferences is that the war on terror needs to be won, he said.<sup id="cite_ref-TheHill_Kirchick_20040630_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheHill_Kirchick_20040630-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Members of the 2004 CPD included Vice President for Policy <a href="/w/index.php?title=Larry_Haas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Larry Haas (page does not exist)">Larry Haas</a>, Senator <a href="/wiki/Joseph_I._Lieberman" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph I. Lieberman">Joseph I. Lieberman</a>, former CIA director <a href="/wiki/R._James_Woolsey_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="R. James Woolsey Jr.">R. James Woolsey Jr.</a>, former National Security Advisor to President Reagan, <a href="/wiki/Robert_C._McFarlane" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert C. McFarlane">Robert C. McFarlane</a>, and Reagan administration official and 1976 Committee founder <a href="/wiki/Max_Kampelman" title="Max Kampelman">Max Kampelman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TheHill_Kirchick_20040630_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheHill_Kirchick_20040630-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the July 20, 2004, launching of the 2004 CPD, Lieberman and Senator <a href="/wiki/Jon_Kyl" title="Jon Kyl">Jon Kyl</a> were identified as the honorary co-chairs.<sup id="cite_ref-WashingtonPost_Lieberman_20040719_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WashingtonPost_Lieberman_20040719-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fourth_CPD_(2019)"><span id="Fourth_CPD_.282019.29"></span>Fourth CPD (2019)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Committee_on_the_Present_Danger&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Fourth CPD (2019)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Committee_on_the_Present_Danger-_China.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Committee on the Present Danger: China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Committee_on_the_Present_Danger-_China.png/200px-Committee_on_the_Present_Danger-_China.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/b4/Committee_on_the_Present_Danger-_China.png 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /></a><figcaption>Logo of the Committee on the Present Danger: China</figcaption></figure> <p>The fourth iteration of the Committee on the Present Danger was unveiled on March 25, 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-Swanson_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Swanson-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The revived CPDC was focused on education and advocacy on a perceived existential and ideological threat posed by Communist China to the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The relaunched organization was announced with <a href="/wiki/Frank_Gaffney" title="Frank Gaffney">Frank Gaffney</a>, a former White House official under President <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>, playing a key role. Its stated aim is to "educate and inform American citizens and policymakers about the existential threats presented from the People's Republic of China under the misrule of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-nationcpdc_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nationcpdc-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 2000 and 2023, there were 224 reported instances of Chinese espionage directed at the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The CPDC takes the view that there is "no hope of coexistence with China as long as the Communist Party governs the country".<sup id="cite_ref-diplomatcpdc_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-diplomatcpdc-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a statement on the launch of the committee, the <a href="/wiki/Population_Research_Institute_(organization)" title="Population Research Institute (organization)">Population Research Institute</a> stated: "The United States is in a new cold war. The Chinese Communist Party poses the greatest threat to both the United States and the world since the fall of the Soviet Union. Then, as now, the threat of a totalitarian regime with an evil ideology – one that is willing to kill 400 million of its own unborn children – must be stopped."<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Members">Members</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Committee_on_the_Present_Danger&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Members"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Committee on the Present Danger: China lists a variety of members including the former politicians and national security professionals, White House officials, business leaders, and others:<sup id="cite_ref-CPD_Members_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CPD_Members-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li>Brian Kennedy, Chairman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Gaffney" title="Frank Gaffney">Frank Gaffney</a>, Vice chairman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Autry" title="Greg Autry">Greg Autry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Bannon" title="Steve Bannon">Steve Bannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyle_Bass" title="Kyle Bass">J. Kyle Bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Bennett" title="William Bennett">William Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_G._Boykin" title="William G. Boykin">William G. Boykin</a></li> <li>José Cardenas</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Charles" title="Robert B. Charles">Robert Charles</a></li> <li>Henry Cooper</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_E._deGraffenreid" title="Kenneth E. deGraffenreid">Kenneth DeGraffenreid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paula_A._DeSutter" title="Paula A. DeSutter">Paula DeSutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Eftimiades" title="Nicholas Eftimiades">Nicholas Eftimiades</a></li> <li>Sam Faddis</li> <li>James Fanell</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Freeman_(businessman)" title="Kevin Freeman (businessman)">Kevin Freeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Fu" title="Bob Fu">Bob Fu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_W._Fisher" title="Richard W. Fisher">Richard Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Helprin" title="Mark Helprin">Mark Helprin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosemary_Gibson" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosemary Gibson">Rosemary Gibson</a></li> <li>Sasha Gong</li> <li>Chadwick R. Gore</li> <li>Lianchao Han</li> <li>Peter Huessy</li> <li>Bradley Johnson</li> <li>Phillip Karber</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_L._Kwast" title="Steven L. Kwast">Steven L. Kwast</a></li> <li>Ratko Knezevic</li> <li>Xiaoxu Sean Lin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tidal_W._McCoy" title="Tidal W. McCoy">Tidal McCoy</a></li> <li>Robert Maness</li> <li>Richard Manning</li> <li>Rod Martin</li> <li>Faith McDonnell</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_McEwen" title="Bob McEwen">Robert McEwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_McInerney" title="Thomas McInerney">Thomas McInerney</a></li> <li>John Mills</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_W._Mosher" title="Steven W. Mosher">Steven W. Mosher</a></li> <li>Reggie Littlejohn</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Lucas" title="Jay Lucas">Jay Lucas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Perry_(politician)" title="Scott Perry (politician)">Scott Perry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedict_Peters" title="Benedict Peters">Benedict Peters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Prentice" title="Miles Prentice">Miles Prentice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Scholte" title="Suzanne Scholte">Suzanne Scholte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Waldron" title="Arthur Waldron">Arthur Waldron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Wolf_(politician)" title="Frank Wolf (politician)">Frank Wolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._James_Woolsey_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="R. James Woolsey Jr.">R. James Woolsey Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Jianli" title="Yang Jianli">Yang Jianli</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Criticisms">Criticisms</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Committee_on_the_Present_Danger&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Criticisms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The CPDC has been criticized as promoting a revival of <a href="/wiki/Red_Scare" title="Red Scare">Red Scare</a> politics in the United States, and for the involvement of <a href="/wiki/Frank_Gaffney" title="Frank Gaffney">Frank Gaffney</a> and activist <a href="/wiki/Steve_Bannon" title="Steve Bannon">Steve Bannon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Swanson_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Swanson-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> David Skidmore, writing for <i><a href="/wiki/The_Diplomat_(magazine)" title="The Diplomat (magazine)">The Diplomat</a></i>, described it as the latest instance of "what was once referred to as the 'military-industrial complex'" influencing policy.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Freeman_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Charles W. Freeman Jr.">Charles W. Freeman Jr.</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Watson_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Watson Institute">Watson Institute</a> called the CPDC "a <i><a href="/wiki/Who%27s_Who" title="Who's Who">Who's Who</a></i> of contemporary <a href="/wiki/Wingnut_(politics)" title="Wingnut (politics)">wing-nuts</a>, very few of whom have any expertise at all about China and most of whom represent ideological causes only peripherally connected to it."<sup id="cite_ref-nationcpdc_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nationcpdc-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Committee_on_the_Present_Danger&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citizens_for_a_Free_Kuwait" title="Citizens for a Free Kuwait">Citizens for a Free Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_for_a_Democratic_Majority" title="Coalition for a Democratic Majority">Coalition for a Democratic Majority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Peace_and_Security_in_the_Gulf" title="Committee for Peace and Security in the Gulf">Committee for Peace and Security in the Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_the_Liberation_of_Iraq" title="Committee for the Liberation of Iraq">Committee for the Liberation of Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_interest_group" title="Foreign policy interest group">Foreign policy interest group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_on_Religion_and_Democracy" title="Institute on Religion and Democracy">Institute on Religion and Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoconservatism" title="Neoconservatism">Neoconservatism</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Committee_on_the_Present_Danger&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBronner2005" class="citation book cs1">Bronner, Stephen Eric (2005). <i>Blood in the sand: imperial fantasies, right-wing ambitions, and the erosion of American democracy</i>. Lexington, Ky.: University Press of Kentucky. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8131-7168-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8131-7168-7"><bdi>0-8131-7168-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/65562600">65562600</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Blood+in+the+sand%3A+imperial+fantasies%2C+right-wing+ambitions%2C+and+the+erosion+of+American+democracy&rft.place=Lexington%2C+Ky.&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kentucky&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F65562600&rft.isbn=0-8131-7168-7&rft.aulast=Bronner&rft.aufirst=Stephen+Eric&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommittee+on+the+Present+Danger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-soviet_book-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-soviet_book_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristopher_I.2002" class="citation book cs1">Christopher I., Xenakis (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gmdyC4wDPqwC&pg=PA111"><i>What happened to the Soviet Union?</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-275-97527-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-275-97527-2"><bdi>978-0-275-97527-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+happened+to+the+Soviet+Union%3F&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group%2C+2002&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-275-97527-2&rft.aulast=Christopher+I.&rft.aufirst=Xenakis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgmdyC4wDPqwC%26pg%3DPA111&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommittee+on+the+Present+Danger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3003283/cold-war-back-steve-bannon-helps-revive-us-committee-target">"Steve Bannon helps revive US cold war-era committee to target China"</a>. <i>South China Morning Post</i>. March 26, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240204003543/https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3003283/cold-war-back-steve-bannon-helps-revive-us-committee-target">Archived</a> from the original on February 4, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 4,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+China+Morning+Post&rft.atitle=Steve+Bannon+helps+revive+US+cold+war-era+committee+to+target+China&rft.date=2019-03-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com%2Fnews%2Fchina%2Fdiplomacy%2Farticle%2F3003283%2Fcold-war-back-steve-bannon-helps-revive-us-committee-target&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommittee+on+the+Present+Danger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TheHill_Kirchick_20040630-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TheHill_Kirchick_20040630_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TheHill_Kirchick_20040630_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TheHill_Kirchick_20040630_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TheHill_Kirchick_20040630_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirchick,_James2004" class="citation news cs1">Kirchick, James (June 30, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061219045322/http://www.thehill.com/news/063004/coldwar.aspx">"Cold warriors return for war on terrorism"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hill_(newspaper)" title="The Hill (newspaper)">The Hill</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thehill.com/news/063004/coldwar.aspx">the original</a> on December 19, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=Cold+warriors+return+for+war+on+terrorism&rft.date=2004-06-30&rft.au=Kirchick%2C+James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fnews%2F063004%2Fcoldwar.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommittee+on+the+Present+Danger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Peddlers-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Peddlers_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Peddlers_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Peddlers_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Peddlers_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanders1983" class="citation book cs1">Sanders, Jerry (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/peddlersofcrisis0000sand/page/54"><i>Peddlers of Crisis: The Committee on the Present Danger and the Politics of Containment</i></a>. South End Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/peddlersofcrisis0000sand/page/54">54</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0896081818" title="Special:BookSources/0896081818"><bdi>0896081818</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Peddlers+of+Crisis%3A+The+Committee+on+the+Present+Danger+and+the+Politics+of+Containment&rft.pages=54&rft.pub=South+End+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0896081818&rft.aulast=Sanders&rft.aufirst=Jerry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpeddlersofcrisis0000sand%2Fpage%2F54&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommittee+on+the+Present+Danger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWells1979" class="citation journal cs1">Wells, Samuel F. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 27,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PRI&rft.atitle=Distinguished+Team+Launches+the+Committee+on+the+Present+Danger%3A+China&rft.date=2019-03-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pop.org%2Fdistinguished-team-launches-the-committee-on-the-present-danger-china%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommittee+on+the+Present+Danger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CPD_Members-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CPD_Members_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://presentdangerchina.org/members">"Members"</a>. <i>Committee on the Present Danger</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230610192610/https://presentdangerchina.org/members/">Archived</a> from the original on June 10, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 9,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Committee+on+the+Present+Danger&rft.atitle=Members&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpresentdangerchina.org%2Fmembers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommittee+on+the+Present+Danger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkidmore2019" class="citation news cs1">Skidmore, David (July 23, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thediplomat.com/2019/07/the-us-scare-campaign-against-china/">"The US Scare Campaign Against China: The political calculations behind exaggerating the 'present danger' – from the Cold War to today"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Diplomat_(magazine)" title="The Diplomat (magazine)">The Diplomat</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191014183408/https://thediplomat.com/2019/07/the-us-scare-campaign-against-china/">Archived</a> from the original on October 14, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 31,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Diplomat&rft.atitle=The+US+Scare+Campaign+Against+China%3A+The+political+calculations+behind+exaggerating+the+%27present+danger%27+%E2%80%93+from+the+Cold+War+to+today&rft.date=2019-07-23&rft.aulast=Skidmore&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthediplomat.com%2F2019%2F07%2Fthe-us-scare-campaign-against-china%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommittee+on+the+Present+Danger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Committee_on_the_Present_Danger&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about <br /> <b>Committee on the Present Danger</b> <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Committee+on+the+Present+Danger">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Committee+on+the+Present+Danger&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li>Boies, John, and Nelson A. Pichardo (1993–1994). "The Committee on the Present Danger: A Case for the Importance of Elite Social Movement Organizations to Theories of Social Movements and the State". <i>Berkeley Journal of Sociology</i> 38: 57–87. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41035466">41035466</a>.</li> <li>Singh, Robert. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kropfpolisci.com/obama.foreign.policy.singh.pdf">"Neoconservatism in the Age of Obama"</a>, in Inderjeet Parmar, ed., <i>Obama and the World</i> (Routledge, 2014). pp. 51–62.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVaïsse2010" class="citation book cs1">Vaïsse, Justin (2010). "Chapter 5: Nuclear Alarm: The Committee on the Present Danger". <i>Neoconservatism: The Biography of a Movement</i>. Belknap. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-06070-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-06070-8"><bdi>978-0-674-06070-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+5%3A+Nuclear+Alarm%3A+The+Committee+on+the+Present+Danger&rft.btitle=Neoconservatism%3A+The+Biography+of+a+Movement&rft.pub=Belknap&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-674-06070-8&rft.aulast=Va%C3%AFsse&rft.aufirst=Justin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommittee+on+the+Present+Danger" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker1995" class="citation book cs1">Walker, Martin (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=67jOU3BAeW4C"><i>The Cold War: A History</i></a>. Chapter 11: "The Death of <i>Détente</i> and the Change of the Western System"; and Chapter 12: "The New Cold War". Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8050-3454-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8050-3454-4"><bdi>0-8050-3454-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cold+War%3A+A+History&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-8050-3454-4&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D67jOU3BAeW4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommittee+on+the+Present+Danger" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Committee_on_the_Present_Danger&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://presentdangerchina.org">Committee on the Present Danger: China</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160220161351/http://committeeonthepresentdanger.org/index.php?option=com_cpdfront&Itemid=90">CPD Home page (Third CPD)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt6w1038fh/">The Committee on the Present Danger Papers at the Hoover Institution</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output 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