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id="toc-Political_views" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_views"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Political views</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_views-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Later life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_prizes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_prizes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Awards and prizes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_prizes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Books_authored" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books_authored"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Books authored</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books_authored-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label 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Available in 28 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83" title="جين كيركباتريك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جين كيركباتريك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="جین کیرکپاتریک – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جین کیرکپاتریک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeane_Kirkpatrickov%C3%A1" title="Jeane Kirkpatricková – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jeane Kirkpatricková" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeane_Kirkpatrick" title="Jeane Kirkpatrick – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jeane Kirkpatrick" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeane_Kirkpatrick" title="Jeane Kirkpatrick – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jeane Kirkpatrick" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeane_Kirkpatrick" title="Jeane Kirkpatrick – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Jeane Kirkpatrick" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86_%DA%A9%D8%B1%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="جین کرک‌پاتریک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جین کرک‌پاتریک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeane_Kirkpatrick" title="Jeane Kirkpatrick – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jeane Kirkpatrick" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeane_Kirkpatrick" title="Jeane Kirkpatrick – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Jeane Kirkpatrick" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeane_Kirkpatrick" title="Jeane Kirkpatrick – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Jeane Kirkpatrick" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%A4%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7" title="ג'ין קירקפטריק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'ין קירקפטריק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%99%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="ჯინ კირკპატრიკი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჯინ კირკპატრიკი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeane_Kirkpatrick" title="Jeane Kirkpatrick – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jeane Kirkpatrick" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83" title="جين كيركباتريك – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جين كيركباتريك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeane_Kirkpatrick" title="Jeane Kirkpatrick – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jeane Kirkpatrick" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%E3%83%91%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF" title="ジーン・カークパトリック – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジーン・カークパトリック" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeane_Kirkpatrick" title="Jeane Kirkpatrick – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jeane Kirkpatrick" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeane_Kirkpatrick" title="Jeane Kirkpatrick – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Jeane Kirkpatrick" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeane_Kirkpatrick" title="Jeane Kirkpatrick – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jeane Kirkpatrick" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeane_Kirkpatrick" title="Jeane Kirkpatrick – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jeane Kirkpatrick" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeane_Kirkpatrick" title="Jeane Kirkpatrick – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Jeane Kirkpatrick" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Киркпатрик, Джин – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Киркпатрик, Джин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeane_Kirkpatrick" title="Jeane Kirkpatrick – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Jeane Kirkpatrick" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeane_Kirkpatrickov%C3%A1" title="Jeane Kirkpatricková – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Jeane Kirkpatricková" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeane_Kirkpatrick" title="Jeane Kirkpatrick – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jeane Kirkpatrick" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeane_Kirkpatrick" title="Jeane Kirkpatrick – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jeane Kirkpatrick" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Джин Кіркпатрік – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джин Кіркпатрік" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8F%8D%E5%A6%AE%C2%B7%E6%9F%AF%E5%85%8B%E5%B8%95%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B" title="珍妮·柯克帕特里克 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="珍妮·柯克帕特里克" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American diplomat and presidential advisor (1926–2006)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Jeane Kirkpatrick</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Od_jeane-kirkpatrick-official-portrait_1-255x301.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Od_jeane-kirkpatrick-official-portrait_1-255x301.jpg/220px-Od_jeane-kirkpatrick-official-portrait_1-255x301.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Od_jeane-kirkpatrick-official-portrait_1-255x301.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="255" data-file-height="301" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Official portrait, 1981</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">16th <a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_the_United_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to the United Nations">United States Ambassador to the United Nations</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />February 4, 1981 – April 1, 1985</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Donald_McHenry" title="Donald McHenry">Donald McHenry</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vernon_A._Walters" title="Vernon A. Walters">Vernon Walters</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Jeane Duane Jordan</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1926-11-19</span>)</span>November 19, 1926<br /><a href="/wiki/Duncan,_Oklahoma" title="Duncan, Oklahoma">Duncan, Oklahoma</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">December 7, 2006<span style="display:none">(2006-12-07)</span> (aged 80)<br /><a href="/wiki/Bethesda,_Maryland" title="Bethesda, Maryland">Bethesda, Maryland</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Party of America">Socialist</a> (1945–1948)<br /><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> (1948–1985)<br /><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> (1985–2006)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Evron Kirkpatrick</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Barnard_College" title="Barnard College">Barnard College</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts" title="Master of Arts">MA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">PhD</a>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid 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href="/wiki/Category:Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Conservatism in the United States">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#B0161E; padding-top:0.25em; font-size:160%; font-weight:normal; color:white; line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFF">Conservatism<br />in the United States</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/90px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/135px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/180px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="451" data-file-height="476" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Schools</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compassionate_conservatism" title="Compassionate conservatism">Compassionate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiscal_conservatism" title="Fiscal conservatism">Fiscal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusionism" title="Fusionism">Fusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_conservatism#Relation_to_American_conservatism" title="Liberal conservatism">Liberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_conservatism" title="Libertarian conservatism">Libertarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moderate_conservatism" title="Moderate conservatism">Moderate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_conservatism" title="Movement conservatism">Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoconservatism" title="Neoconservatism">Neo-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleoconservatism" title="Paleoconservatism">Paleo-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postliberalism" title="Postliberalism">Postliberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism#United_States" title="Right-wing populism">Populist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_conservatism" title="Progressive conservatism">Progressive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Social conservatism in the United States">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straussianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Straussianism">Straussian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Traditionalist conservatism in the United States">Traditionalist</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Principles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_exceptionalism" title="American exceptionalism">American exceptionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_nationalism" title="American nationalism">American nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism#United_States" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_nationalism#United_States" title="Christian nationalism">Christian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_civil_religion" title="American civil religion">Civil religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism#United_States" title="Classical liberalism">Classical liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communitarianism" title="Communitarianism">Communitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutionalism_in_the_United_States" title="Constitutionalism in the United States">Constitutionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_life" title="Culture of life">Culture of life</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_anti-abortion_movement" title="United States anti-abortion movement">Pro-life</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Familialism#United_States" title="Familialism">Familialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_values" title="Family values">Family values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_the_United_States" title="Federalism in the United States">Federalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/States%27_rights" title="States' rights">States' rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_essentialism" title="Gender essentialism">Gender essentialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Complementarianism" title="Complementarianism">Complementarianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Christian_ethics" title="Judeo-Christian ethics">Judeo-Christian values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">Individualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_and_order_(politics)" title="Law and order (politics)">Law and order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limited_government" title="Limited government">Limited government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meritocracy" title="Meritocracy">Meritocracy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natural_aristocracy" title="Natural aristocracy">Natural aristocracy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_militarism" title="United States militarism">Militarism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peace_through_strength" title="Peace through strength">Peace through strength</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_absolutism" title="Moral absolutism">Moral absolutism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordered_liberty" title="Ordered liberty">Ordered liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americanism_(ideology)" title="Americanism (ideology)">Patriotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_property" title="Right to property">Property rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_United_States" title="Republicanism in the United States">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_keep_and_bear_arms_in_the_United_States" title="Right to keep and bear arms in the United States">Right to bear arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_law" title="Rule of law">Rule of law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supply-side_economics" title="Supply-side economics">Supply-side economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tradition" title="Tradition">Tradition</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loyalist_(American_Revolution)" title="Loyalist (American Revolution)">Loyalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_chivalry" title="Southern chivalry">Southern chivalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solid_South" title="Solid South">Solid South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_humanism_(literature)" title="New humanism (literature)">New Humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Agrarians" title="Southern Agrarians">Southern Agrarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Right_(United_States)" title="Old Right (United States)">Old Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Manifesto" title="Conservative Manifesto">Conservative Manifesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_coalition" title="Conservative coalition">Conservative coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/America_First_Committee" title="America First Committee">America First Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCarthyism" title="McCarthyism">McCarthyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater_1964_presidential_campaign" title="Barry Goldwater 1964 presidential campaign">Goldwater campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Right#United_States" title="New Right">New Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reagan_era" title="Reagan era">Reagan era</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reagan_Doctrine" title="Reagan Doctrine">Reagan Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reaganomics" title="Reaganomics">Reaganomics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoconservatism_and_paleoconservatism" title="Neoconservatism and paleoconservatism">Neo- vs. paleoconservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redeemers" title="Redeemers">Redeemers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Revolution" title="Republican Revolution">Republican Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_movement" title="Tea Party movement">Tea Party movement</a></li> <li>Trump era <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">First term</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second presidency of Donald Trump">Second term</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Intellectuals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Adams" title="Henry Adams">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Anton" title="Michael Anton">Anton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Babbitt" title="Irving Babbitt">Babbitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Bacevich" title="Andrew Bacevich">Bacevich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Bell" title="Daniel Bell">Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saul_Bellow" title="Saul Bellow">Bellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_L._Berger" title="Peter L. Berger">Berger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Bloom" title="Allan Bloom">Bloom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_J._Boorstin" title="Daniel J. Boorstin">Boorstin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mel_Bradford" title="Mel Bradford">Bradford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Buckley_Jr." title="William F. Buckley Jr.">Buckley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Burgess_(political_scientist)" title="John Burgess (political scientist)">Burgess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Burnham" title="James Burnham">Burnham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">Calhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Carl" title="Jeremy Carl">Carl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whittaker_Chambers" title="Whittaker Chambers">Chambers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Conquest" title="Robert Conquest">Conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Deneen" title="Patrick Deneen">Deneen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Eastman" title="Max Eastman">Eastman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">Eliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Francis_(writer)" title="Sam Francis (writer)">Francis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Genovese" title="Eugene Genovese">Genovese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Gottfried" title="Paul Gottfried">Gottfried</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Davis_Hanson" title="Victor Davis Hanson">Hanson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoram_Hazony" title="Yoram Hazony">Hazony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Himmelfarb" title="Gertrude Himmelfarb">Himmelfarb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Hermann_Hoppe" title="Hans-Hermann Hoppe">Hoppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zora_Neale_Hurston" title="Zora Neale Hurston">Hurston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_V._Jaffa" title="Harry V. Jaffa">Jaffa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willmoore_Kendall" title="Willmoore Kendall">Kendall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Kimball" title="Roger Kimball">Kimball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Kirk" title="Russell Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kirkpatrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kreeft" title="Peter Kreeft">Kreeft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Kristol" title="Irving Kristol">Kristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_von_Kuehnelt-Leddihn" title="Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn">Kuehnelt-Leddihn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Lasch" title="Christopher Lasch">Lasch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Lind" title="Michael Lind">Lind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._P._Lovecraft" title="H. P. Lovecraft">Lovecraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Loury" title="Glenn Loury">Loury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lukacs" title="John Lukacs">Lukacs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Mansfield" title="Harvey Mansfield">Mansfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._L._Mencken" title="H. L. Mencken">Mencken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Meyer_(political_philosopher)" title="Frank Meyer (political philosopher)">Meyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Molnar" title="Thomas Molnar">Molnar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Murray_(political_scientist)" title="Charles Murray (political scientist)">Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Nisbet" title="Robert Nisbet">Nisbet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pangle" title="Thomas Pangle">Pangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Crowe_Ransom" title="John Crowe Ransom">Ransom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Rieff" title="Philip Rieff">Rieff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Santayana" title="George Santayana">Santayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Schaeffer" title="Francis Schaeffer">Schaeffer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sowell" title="Thomas Sowell">Sowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Strauss" title="Leo Strauss">Strauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Viereck" title="Peter Viereck">Viereck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Voegelin" title="Eric Voegelin">Voegelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Weaver" title="Richard M. Weaver">Weaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Weyl" title="Nathaniel Weyl">Weyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Wolfe" title="Tom Wolfe">Wolfe</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">Adams (John)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">Adams (John Quincy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bolton" title="John Bolton">Bolton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan">Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">Bush (George H. W.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">Bush (George W.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">Calhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Cheney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">Coolidge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz">Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_DeSantis" title="Ron DeSantis">DeSantis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everett_Dirksen" title="Everett Dirksen">Dirksen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Eisenhower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich">Gingrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater" title="Barry Goldwater">Goldwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_G._Harding" title="Warren G. Harding">Harding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josh_Hawley" title="Josh Hawley">Hawley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Helms" title="Jesse Helms">Helms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Hoover (Herbert)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Huckabee" title="Mike Huckabee">Huckabee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Jordan" title="Jim Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge" title="Henry Cabot Lodge">Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clare_Boothe_Luce" title="Clare Boothe Luce">Luce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">McCain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_McCarthy" title="Joseph McCarthy">McCarthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitch_McConnell" title="Mitch McConnell">McConnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">McKinley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Nixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Palin" title="Sarah Palin">Palin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rand_Paul" title="Rand Paul">Paul (Rand)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul" title="Ron Paul">Paul (Ron)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Pence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Pierce" title="Franklin Pierce">Pierce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Randolph_of_Roanoke" title="John Randolph of Roanoke">Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Reagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Romney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Rubio" title="Marco Rubio">Rubio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld">Rumsfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ryan" title="Paul Ryan">Ryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Huckabee_Sanders" title="Sarah Huckabee Sanders">Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Santorum" title="Rick Santorum">Santorum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sherman" title="John Sherman">Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Taft" title="Robert A. Taft">Taft (Robert)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">Taft (William)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Taylor_of_Caroline" title="John Taylor of Caroline">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond">Thurmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JD_Vance" title="JD Vance">Vance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Wallace" title="George Wallace">Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Wolfowitz" title="Paul Wolfowitz">Wolfowitz</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Jurists</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Alito" title="Samuel Alito">Alito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Coney_Barrett" title="Amy Coney Barrett">Barrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bork" title="Robert Bork">Bork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_E._Burger" title="Warren E. Burger">Burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Colson" title="Charles Colson">Colson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_T._Frelinghuysen" title="Frederick T. Frelinghuysen">Frelinghuysen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_P._George" title="Robert P. George">George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Goldsmith" title="Jack Goldsmith">Goldsmith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Gorsuch" title="Neil Gorsuch">Gorsuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Marshall_Harlan_II" title="John Marshall Harlan II">Harlan II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brett_Kavanaugh" title="Brett Kavanaugh">Kavanaugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Kennedy" title="Anthony Kennedy">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Michael_Luttig" title="J. Michael Luttig">Luttig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Meese" title="Edwin Meese">Meese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Day_O%27Connor" title="Sandra Day O'Connor">O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alton_B._Parker" title="Alton B. Parker">Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Rehnquist" title="William Rehnquist">Rehnquist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Roberts" title="John Roberts">Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Terry_Sanford" title="Edward Terry Sanford">Sanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonin_Scalia" title="Antonin Scalia">Scalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Sessions" title="Jeff Sessions">Sessions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Sutherland" title="George Sutherland">Sutherland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">Taft (William)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Thomas" title="Clarence Thomas">Thomas (Clarence)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Vermeule" title="Adrian Vermeule">Vermeule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Evans_Whittaker" title="Charles Evans Whittaker">Whittaker</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Commentators</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sohrab_Ahmari" title="Sohrab Ahmari">Ahmari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Beck" title="Glenn Beck">Beck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Bongino" title="Dan Bongino">Bongino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Breitbart" title="Andrew Breitbart">Breitbart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan">Buchanan (Pat)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Buckley_Jr." title="William F. Buckley Jr.">Buckley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Caldwell_(journalist)" title="Christopher Caldwell (journalist)">Caldwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucker_Carlson" title="Tucker Carlson">Carlson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oren_Cass" title="Oren Cass">Cass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Chodorov" title="Frank Chodorov">Chodorov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Coulter" title="Ann Coulter">Coulter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinesh_D%27Souza" title="Dinesh D'Souza">D'Souza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Derbyshire" title="John Derbyshire">Derbyshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_DiLorenzo" title="Thomas DiLorenzo">DiLorenzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_Douthat" title="Ross Douthat">Douthat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_Dreher" title="Rod Dreher">Dreher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Elder" title="Larry Elder">Elder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fleming_(political_writer)" title="Thomas Fleming (political writer)">Fleming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonah_Goldberg" title="Jonah Goldberg">Goldberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Grant_(radio_host)" title="Bob Grant (radio host)">Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alyssa_Farah_Griffin" title="Alyssa Farah Griffin">Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_van_den_Haag" title="Ernest van den Haag">Van den Haag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Hannity" title="Sean Hannity">Hannity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Hart" title="Jeffrey Hart">Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Hegseth" title="Pete Hegseth">Hegseth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_Herberg" title="Will Herberg">Herberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Hoover" title="Margaret Hoover">Hoover (Margaret)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Ingraham" title="Laura Ingraham">Ingraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Jones" title="Alex Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megyn_Kelly" title="Megyn Kelly">Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Kirk" title="Charlie Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Knowles_(political_commentator)" title="Michael Knowles (political commentator)">Knowles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Krauthammer" title="Charles Krauthammer">Krauthammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomi_Lahren" title="Tomi Lahren">Lahren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Levin" title="Mark Levin">Levin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rush_Limbaugh" title="Rush Limbaugh">Limbaugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heather_Mac_Donald" title="Heather Mac Donald">Mac Donald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Metaxas" title="Eric Metaxas">Metaxas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_John_Neuhaus" title="Richard John Neuhaus">Neuhaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Ngo" title="Andy Ngo">Ngo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_North" title="Oliver North">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Novak" title="Robert Novak">Novak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_O%27Reilly_(political_commentator)" title="Bill O'Reilly (political commentator)">O'Reilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candace_Owens" title="Candace Owens">Owens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Podhoretz" title="Norman Podhoretz">Podhoretz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Pool" title="Tim Pool">Pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Portnoy" title="David Portnoy">Portnoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Prager" title="Dennis Prager">Prager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Robertson" title="Pat Robertson">Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Shapiro" title="Ben Shapiro">Shapiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amity_Shlaes" title="Amity Shlaes">Shlaes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Sullivan" title="Andrew Sullivan">Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Walsh_(political_commentator)" title="Matt Walsh (political commentator)">Walsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Watters" title="Jesse Watters">Watters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Whittle" title="Bill Whittle">Whittle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Will" title="George Will">Will</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucian_Wintrich" title="Lucian Wintrich">Wintrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Woods" title="Tom Woods">Woods</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Activists</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Abramoff" title="Jack Abramoff">Abramoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Agostinelli" title="Robert Agostinelli">Agostinelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Ahmanson_Jr." title="Howard Ahmanson Jr.">Ahmanson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Andreessen" class="mw-redirect" title="Mark Andreessen">Andreessen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Atwater" title="Lee Atwater">Atwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Bannon" title="Steve Bannon">Bannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaitlin_Bennett" title="Kaitlin Bennett">Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_Bezmenov" title="Yuri Bezmenov">Bezmenov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._Brent_Bozell_Jr." title="L. Brent Bozell Jr.">Bozell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Cohn" title="Roy Cohn">Cohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Coors" title="Joseph Coors">Coors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Dans" title="Paul Dans">Dans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Dobson" title="James Dobson">Dobson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Dolan_(activist)" title="Terry Dolan (activist)">Dolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Drudge" title="Matt Drudge">Drudge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Falwell" title="Jerry Falwell">Falwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Feulner" title="Edwin Feulner">Feulner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigitte_Gabriel" title="Brigitte Gabriel">Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Horowitz" title="David Horowitz">Horowitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Krikorian_(activist)" title="Mark Krikorian (activist)">Krikorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Kirk" title="Charlie Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Kristol" title="Bill Kristol">Kristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_LaHaye" title="Tim LaHaye">LaHaye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lindbergh" title="Charles Lindbergh">Lindbergh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Leo" title="Leonard Leo">Leo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McEntee_(political_aide)" title="John McEntee (political aide)">McEntee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebekah_Mercer" title="Rebekah Mercer">Mercer (Rebekah)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Mercer" title="Robert Mercer">Mercer (Robert)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Miller_(political_advisor)" title="Stephen Miller (political advisor)">Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupert_Murdoch" title="Rupert Murdoch">Murdoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk">Musk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Views_of_Elon_Musk" title="Views of Elon Musk">Political views</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_O%27Keefe" title="James O'Keefe">O'Keefe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeonmi_Park" title="Yeonmi Park">Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Phillips_(activist)" title="Howard Phillips (activist)">Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Prager" title="Dennis Prager">Prager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Reed" title="Ralph Reed">Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Regnery" title="Henry Regnery">Regnery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Roberts_(political_strategist)" title="Kevin Roberts (political strategist)">Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Rove" title="Karl Rove">Rove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Rufo" title="Christopher Rufo">Rufo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Rusher" title="William A. Rusher">Rusher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Mellon_Scaife" title="Richard Mellon Scaife">Scaife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Schlafly" title="Andrew Schlafly">Schlafly (Andrew)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phyllis_Schlafly" title="Phyllis Schlafly">Schlafly (Phyllis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Stone" title="Roger Stone">Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robby_Starbuck" title="Robby Starbuck">Starbuck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Thiel" title="Peter Thiel">Thiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Viguerie" title="Richard Viguerie">Viguerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginni_Thomas" title="Ginni Thomas">Thomas (Ginni)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booker_T._Washington" title="Booker T. Washington">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Weyrich" title="Paul Weyrich">Weyrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Wood" title="Robert E. Wood">Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Yenor" title="Scott Yenor">Yenor</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Literature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Federalist_Papers" title="The Federalist Papers">The Federalist Papers</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1788)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_America" title="Democracy in America">Democracy in America</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1835–1840)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Notes_on_Democracy" title="Notes on Democracy">Notes on Democracy</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1926)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Southern_Agrarians#I'll_Take_My_Stand" title="Southern Agrarians">I'll Take My Stand</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1930)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_Enemy,_the_State" title="Our Enemy, the State">Our Enemy, the State</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1935)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Managerial_Revolution" title="The Managerial Revolution">The Managerial Revolution</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1941)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ideas_Have_Consequences" title="Ideas Have Consequences">Ideas Have Consequences</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1948)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/God_and_Man_at_Yale" title="God and Man at Yale">God and Man at Yale</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1951)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Conservative_Mind" title="The Conservative Mind">The Conservative Mind</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1953)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Conscience_of_a_Conservative" title="The Conscience of a Conservative">The Conscience of a Conservative</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1960)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Choice_Not_an_Echo" title="A Choice Not an Echo">A Choice Not an Echo</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1964)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Losing_Ground_(book)" title="Losing Ground (book)">Losing Ground</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1984)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Conflict_of_Visions" title="A Conflict of Visions">A Conflict of Visions</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1987)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Closing_of_the_American_Mind" title="The Closing of the American Mind">The Closing of the American Mind</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1987)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bell_Curve:_Intelligence_and_Class_Structure_in_American_Life" class="mw-redirect" title="The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life">The Bell Curve</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1994)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Revolt_of_the_Elites" title="The Revolt of the Elites">The Revolt of the Elites</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1995)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Death_of_the_West" title="The Death of the West">The Death of the West</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2001)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Blank_Slate" title="The Blank Slate">The Blank Slate</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2002)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Black_Rednecks_and_White_Liberals" title="Black Rednecks and White Liberals">Black Rednecks and White Liberals</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2005)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Theocracy" title="American Theocracy">American Theocracy</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2006)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hillbilly_Elegy" title="Hillbilly Elegy">Hillbilly Elegy</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2017)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Benedict_Option" title="The Benedict Option">The Benedict Option</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2017)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Why_Liberalism_Failed" title="Why Liberalism Failed">Why Liberalism Failed</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2018)</span></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Concerns</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_United_States" title="Abortion in the United States">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancel_culture#American_public_opinion" title="Cancel culture">Cancel Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_war#United_States" title="Culture war">Culture war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_multiculturalism#United_States" title="Criticism of multiculturalism">Multiculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disparate_impact#Controversy" title="Disparate impact">"Disparate impact" controversy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020s_controversies_around_critical_race_theory" title="2020s controversies around critical race theory">CRT controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity,_equity,_and_inclusion#Criticism_and_controversy" title="Diversity, equity, and inclusion">DEI controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griggs_v._Duke_Power_Co." title="Griggs v. Duke Power Co.">Griggs v. Duke Power Co.</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_bubble_in_the_United_States" title="Higher education bubble in the United States">Higher ed. bubble</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Go_woke,_go_broke" title="Go woke, go broke">Go woke, go broke</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental,_social,_and_governance#Criticism" title="Environmental, social, and governance">ESG</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Corporate_sociopolitical_activism#Counter-movement" title="Corporate sociopolitical activism">Woke capitalism</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeschooling#United_States" title="Homeschooling">Homeschooling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_reduction_in_the_United_States" title="Immigration reduction in the United States">Immigration reduction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Illegal immigration to the United States">Illegal immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_the_United_States_and_crime" title="Illegal immigration to the United States and crime">Immigration and crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border_crisis" title="Mexico–United States border crisis">Border crisis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence_and_public_policy" title="Intelligence and public policy">Intelligence and public policy</a></li> <li>Constitutional interpretations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Originalism" title="Originalism">Originalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textualism" title="Textualism">Textualism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Managerial_state" title="Managerial state">Managerial state</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mudsill_theory" title="Mudsill theory">Mudsill theory</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_keep_and_bear_arms_in_the_United_States" title="Right to keep and bear arms in the United States">Second Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-replacement_fertility#United_States" title="Sub-replacement fertility">Sub-replacement fertility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitary_executive_theory" title="Unitary executive theory">Unitary executive</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Parties</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><b>Active</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Party_(1969)" title="American Party (1969)">American Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Independent_Party" title="American Independent Party">American Independent Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_New_York_State" title="Conservative Party of New York State">Conservative Party of New York State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitution Party (United States)">Constitution Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></li></ul> <p><b>Defunct</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Masonic_Party" title="Anti-Masonic Party">Anti-Masonic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Union_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitutional Union Party (United States)">Constitutional Union Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> (<i>historically, factions</i>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boll_weevil_(politics)" title="Boll weevil (politics)">Boll weevils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Democrat" title="Bourbon Democrat">Bourbon Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Democrat" title="Conservative Democrat">Conservative Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dixiecrat" title="Dixiecrat">Dixiecrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reagan_Democrats" class="mw-redirect" title="Reagan Democrats">Reagan Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Democrat" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Democrat">Southern Democrats</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorr_Rebellion" title="Dorr Rebellion">Rhode Island Suffrage Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Federalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Republican_Party" title="National Republican Party">National Republican Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American Party">Native American Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig Party</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Think tanks</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acton_Institute" title="Acton Institute">Acton Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_de_Tocqueville_Institution" title="Alexis de Tocqueville Institution">AdTI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Enterprise_Institute" title="American Enterprise Institute">AEI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Security_Policy" title="Center for Security Policy">CSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_the_National_Interest" title="Center for the National Interest">Center for the National Interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claremont_Institute" title="Claremont Institute">Claremont Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Competitive_Enterprise_Institute" title="Competitive Enterprise Institute">CEI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Horowitz_Freedom_Center" title="David Horowitz Freedom Center">CSPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethics_and_Public_Policy_Center" title="Ethics and Public Policy Center">EPPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Research_Institute" title="Family Research Institute">FRI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatestone_Institute" title="Gatestone Institute">Gatestone Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heartland_Institute" title="Heartland Institute">Heartland Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Heritage_Foundation" title="The Heritage Foundation">The Heritage Foundation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_Action" title="Heritage Action">Heritage Action</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mandate_for_Leadership" title="Mandate for Leadership">Mandate for Leadership</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_2025" title="Project 2025">Project 2025</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoover_Institution" title="Hoover Institution">Hoover Institution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Institute" title="Hudson Institute">Hudson Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercollegiate_Studies_Institute" title="Intercollegiate Studies Institute">ISI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Madison_Program_in_American_Ideals_and_Institutions" title="James Madison Program in American Ideals and Institutions">James Madison Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leadership_Institute" title="Leadership Institute">Leadership Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Institute_for_Policy_Research" title="Manhattan Institute for Policy Research">Manhattan Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mises_Institute" title="Mises Institute">Mises Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Research_Institute" title="Pacific Research Institute">PRI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_for_the_New_American_Century" title="Project for the New American Century">Project for the New American Century</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Defunct)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripon_Society" title="Ripon Society">Ripon Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R_Street_Institute" title="R Street Institute">R Street Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockford_Institute" title="Rockford Institute">Rockford Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Policy_Network" title="State Policy Network">SPN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutherland_Institute" title="Sutherland Institute">Sutherland Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_Foundation" title="Tax Foundation">Tax Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witherspoon_Institute" title="Witherspoon Institute">Witherspoon Institute</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Media</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <p><b>Newspapers</b> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dallas_Morning_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Dallas Morning News">Dallas Morning News</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Epoch_Times" title="The Epoch Times">The Epoch Times</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_Union_Leader" title="New Hampshire Union Leader">New Hampshire Union Leader</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Voice" title="The Jewish Voice">The Jewish Voice</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Observer" title="The New York Observer">The New York Observer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Post" title="New York Post">New York Post</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Remnant_(newspaper)" title="The Remnant (newspaper)">The Remnant</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Editorial_board_at_The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="Editorial board at The Wall Street Journal">(editorial board)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Times" title="The Washington Times">The Washington Times</a></i></li></ul> <p><b>Journals</b> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Affairs" title="American Affairs">American Affairs</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Conservative" title="The American Conservative">The American Conservative</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Spectator" title="The American Spectator">The American Spectator</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Thinker" title="American Thinker">American Thinker</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/City_Journal" title="City Journal">City Journal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Claremont_Review_of_Books" title="Claremont Review of Books">Claremont Review of Books</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Commentary_(magazine)" title="Commentary (magazine)">Commentary</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Compact_(American_magazine)" title="Compact (American magazine)">Compact</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chronicles_(magazine)" title="Chronicles (magazine)">Chronicles</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dispatch" title="The Dispatch">The Dispatch</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/First_Things" title="First Things">First Things</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Imaginative_Conservative" title="The Imaginative Conservative">The Imaginative Conservative</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jewish_World_Review" title="Jewish World Review">Jewish World Review</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Modern_Age_(periodical)" title="Modern Age (periodical)">Modern Age</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/National_Affairs" title="National Affairs">National Affairs</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_National_Interest" title="The National Interest">The National Interest</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/National_Review" title="National Review">National Review</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_American" title="The New American">The New American</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Atlantis_(journal)" title="The New Atlantis (journal)">The New Atlantis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Criterion" title="The New Criterion">The New Criterion</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Policy_Review" title="Policy Review">Policy Review</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(defunct)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Public_Discourse" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Discourse">Public Discourse</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Southern_Partisan" title="Southern Partisan">Southern Partisan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spectator_USA" class="mw-redirect" title="Spectator USA">Spectator USA</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tablet_(magazine)" title="Tablet (magazine)">Tablet</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taki%27s_Magazine" title="Taki's Magazine">Taki's Magazine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Telos_(journal)" title="Telos (journal)">Telos</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Examiner" title="Washington Examiner">Washington Examiner</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Weekly_Standard" title="The Weekly Standard">The Weekly Standard</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(defunct)</span></li></ul> <p><b>TV channels</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Broadcasting_Network" title="Christian Broadcasting Network">CBN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_Business" title="Fox Business">Fox Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newsmax_TV" title="Newsmax TV">Newsmax TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_America_News_Network" title="One America News Network">One America News Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VOZ_(media_company)" title="VOZ (media company)">VOZ</a></li></ul> <p><b>Websites</b> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Babylon_Bee" title="The Babylon Bee">Babylon Bee</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Breitbart_News" title="Breitbart News">Breitbart News</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bulwark_(website)" title="The Bulwark (website)">The Bulwark</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Campus_Reform" title="Campus Reform">Campus Reform</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Center_Square" title="The Center Square">The Center Square</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Review" title="Conservative Review">Conservative Review</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Caller" title="The Daily Caller">Daily Caller</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Signal" title="The Daily Signal">Daily Signal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Wire" title="The Daily Wire">Daily Wire</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Discover_the_Networks" title="Discover the Networks">Discover the Networks</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Federalist_(website)" title="The Federalist (website)">The Federalist</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/FrontPage_Magazine" title="FrontPage Magazine">FrontPage Magazine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Front_Porch_Republic" title="Front Porch Republic">Front Porch Republic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Gateway_Pundit" title="The Gateway Pundit">Gateway Pundit</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hot_Air" title="Hot Air">Hot Air</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Human_Events" title="Human Events">Human Events</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Independent_Journal_Review" title="Independent Journal Review">Independent Journal Review</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/InfoWars" title="InfoWars">InfoWars</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jihad_Watch" title="Jihad Watch">Jihad Watch</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/LifeZette" title="LifeZette">LifeZette</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/NewsBusters" class="mw-redirect" title="NewsBusters">NewsBusters</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/PJ_Media" title="PJ Media">PJ Media</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rare_(website)" title="Rare (website)">Rare</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/RedState" title="RedState">RedState</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dispatch" title="The Dispatch">The Dispatch</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Townhall" title="Townhall">Townhall</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Twitchy" title="Twitchy">Twitchy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Examiner" title="Washington Examiner">Washington Examiner</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Free_Beacon" title="The Washington Free Beacon">The Washington Free Beacon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Western_Journal" title="The Western Journal">The Western Journal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/WorldNetDaily" title="WorldNetDaily">WorldNetDaily</a></i></li></ul> <p><b>Other</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blaze_Media" title="Blaze Media">Blaze Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encounter_Books" title="Encounter Books">Encounter Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evie_Magazine" title="Evie Magazine">Evie Magazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_First_TV" title="The First TV">The First</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Imprimis" title="Imprimis">Imprimis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Political_Cesspool" title="The Political Cesspool">The Political Cesspool</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passage_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Passage Publishing">Passage Publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PragerU" title="PragerU">PragerU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RealClearPolitics" title="RealClearPolitics">RealClearPolitics</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Red_Scare_(podcast)" title="Red Scare (podcast)">Red Scare</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regnery_Publishing" title="Regnery Publishing">Regnery Publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_Side_Broadcasting_Network" title="Right Side Broadcasting Network">RSBN</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rubin_Report" title="The Rubin Report">The Rubin Report</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinclair_Broadcast_Group" title="Sinclair Broadcast Group">Sinclair Broadcast Group</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Other organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <p><b>Economics</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Americans_for_Tax_Reform" title="Americans for Tax Reform">ATR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Club_for_Growth" title="Club for Growth">Club for Growth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreedomWorks" title="FreedomWorks">FreedomWorks</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(defunct)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Federation_of_Independent_Business" title="National Federation of Independent Business">NFIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Taxpayers_Union" title="National Taxpayers Union">NTU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_Patriots" title="Tea Party Patriots">Tea Party Patriots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Chamber_of_Commerce" title="United States Chamber of Commerce">USCC</a></li></ul> <p><b>Gun rights</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gun_Owners_of_America" title="Gun Owners of America">GOA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_for_Gun_Rights" title="National Association for Gun Rights">NAGR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Rifle_Association" title="National Rifle Association">NRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Amendment_Caucus" title="Second Amendment Caucus">Second Amendment Caucus</a></li></ul> <p><b>Identity politics</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ACT_for_America" title="ACT for America"><i>ACT!</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concerned_Women_for_America" title="Concerned Women for America">CWA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Conservative_Citizens" title="Council of Conservative Citizens">Council of Conservative Citizens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gays_Against_Groomers" title="Gays Against Groomers">GAG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Women%27s_Forum" title="Independent Women's Forum">IWF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Log_Cabin_Republicans" title="Log Cabin Republicans">LCR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moms_for_Liberty" title="Moms for Liberty">Moms for Liberty</a></li></ul> <p><b>Nativist</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Immigration_Studies" title="Center for Immigration Studies">CIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_for_American_Immigration_Reform" title="Federation for American Immigration Reform">FAIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Restriction_League" title="Immigration Restriction League">Immigration Restriction League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NumbersUSA" title="NumbersUSA">NumbersUSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oath_Keepers" title="Oath Keepers">Oath Keepers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Percenters" title="Three Percenters">Three Percenters</a></li></ul> <p><b>Religion</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_Defending_Freedom" title="Alliance Defending Freedom">ADF</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_court_cases_involving_Alliance_Defending_Freedom" title="List of court cases involving Alliance Defending Freedom">Court cases</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Center_for_Law_%26_Justice" title="American Center for Law & Justice">ACLJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Family_Association" title="American Family Association">AFA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Society_for_the_Defense_of_Tradition,_Family_and_Property" title="American Society for the Defense of Tradition, Family and Property">The American TFP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalcedon_Foundation" title="Chalcedon Foundation">Chalcedon Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Coalition_of_America" title="Christian Coalition of America">CCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Voice_(United_States)" title="Christian Voice (United States)">Christian Voice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_Forum" title="Eagle Forum">Eagle Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Research_Council" title="Family Research Council">FCR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fellowship_(Christian_organization)" title="The Fellowship (Christian organization)">The Fellowship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith_and_Freedom_Coalition" title="Faith and Freedom Coalition">FFC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focus_on_the_Family" title="Focus on the Family">Focus on the Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_for_Moral_Law" title="Foundation for Moral Law">Foundation for Moral Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Counsel" title="Liberty Counsel">Liberty Counsel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_Majority" title="Moral Majority">Moral Majority</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(defunct)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Organization_for_Marriage" title="National Organization for Marriage">NOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Right_to_Life_Committee" title="National Right to Life Committee">NRLC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parents_Television_and_Media_Council" title="Parents Television and Media Council">PTMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony_Pro-Life_America" title="Susan B. Anthony Pro-Life America">Susan B. Anthony Pro-Life America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_More_Law_Center" title="Thomas More Law Center">Thomas More Law Center</a></li></ul> <p><b>Watchdog groups</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accuracy_in_Media" title="Accuracy in Media">AIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Econ_Journal_Watch" title="Econ Journal Watch">Econ Journal Watch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_News_Foundation" title="Franklin News Foundation">Franklin News Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_Watch" title="Judicial Watch">JW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_Research_Center" title="Media Research Center">MRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%27Keefe_Media_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="O'Keefe Media Group">O'Keefe Media Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Veritas" title="Project Veritas">Project Veritas</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(defunct)</span></li></ul> <p><b>Youth/student groups</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Journalism_Center" title="National Journalism Center">NJC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turning_Point_USA" title="Turning Point USA">TPUSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Americans_for_Freedom" title="Young Americans for Freedom">Young Americans for Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_America%27s_Foundation" title="Young America's Foundation">Young America's Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Americans_for_Liberty" title="Young Americans for Liberty">YAL</a></li></ul> <p><b>Miscellaneous</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_85_Fund" title="The 85 Fund">The 85 Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton_Institute_for_the_Study_of_Western_Civilization" title="Alexander Hamilton Institute for the Study of Western Civilization">AHI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Conservative_Union" title="American Conservative Union">ACU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradley_Foundation" title="Bradley Foundation">Bradley Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Conservative_Caucus" title="The Conservative Caucus">TCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_for_National_Policy" title="Council for National Policy">CNP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Political_Action_Conference" title="Conservative Political Action Conference">CPAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Caucus" title="Freedom Caucus">Freedom Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillsdale_College" title="Hillsdale College">Hillsdale College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_Freedom_Foundation" title="Idaho Freedom Foundation">IFF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Birch_Society" title="John Birch Society">JBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Olin_Foundation" title="John M. Olin Foundation">John M. Olin Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Fund" title="Liberty Fund">Liberty Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_University" title="Liberty University">LU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Scholars" title="National Association of Scholars">NAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Society" title="Philadelphia Society">Philadelphia Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regent_University" title="Regent University">Regent University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Study_Committee" title="Republican Study Committee">RSC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Kirk_Center_for_Cultural_Renewal" title="Russell Kirk Center for Cultural Renewal">Russell Kirk Center for Cultural Renewal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Public_Policy_Foundation" title="Texas Public Policy Foundation">TPPF</a></li></ul> <p><b>Other</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/America_First_Legal" title="America First Legal">AFL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_Network" title="Atlas Network">Atlas Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collegiate_Network" title="Collegiate Network">CN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ConservAmerica" title="ConservAmerica">ConservAmerica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donors_Trust" title="Donors Trust">Donors Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Society" title="Federalist Society">FedSoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gab_(social_network)" title="Gab (social network)">Gab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gettr" title="Gettr">Gettr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Conservative_Political_Action_Committee" title="National Conservative Political Action Committee">NCPAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Justice_Institute" title="Pacific Justice Institute">PJI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parler" title="Parler">Parler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Main_Street_Partnership" title="Republican Main Street Partnership">Republican Main Street Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Stuff_(app)" title="The Right Stuff (app)">The Right Stuff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_for_American_Civic_Renewal" title="Society for American Civic Renewal">SACR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Republicans" title="Young Republicans">YRNF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziklag_(organization)" title="Ziklag (organization)">Ziklag</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; 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text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Related</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agenda_47" title="Agenda 47">Agenda 47</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/America_First_(policy)" title="America First (policy)">America First</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Bibliography of conservatism in the United States">Bibliography of US conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_talk_radio" title="Conservative talk radio">Conservative talk radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunning_School" title="Dunning School">Dunning School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factions_in_the_Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Factions in the Republican Party (United States)">GOP factions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="History of conservatism in the United States">History of US conservatism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_modern_American_conservatism" title="Timeline of modern American conservatism">Modern timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_conservatives" title="List of American conservatives">List of American conservatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Conservatism_Conference" title="National Conservatism Conference">NatCon</a></li> <li>Colloquialisms <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Barstool_conservatism" title="Barstool conservatism">Barstool conservatism</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Cuckservative" title="Cuckservative">Cuckservative</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_immanentize_the_eschaton!" class="mw-redirect" title="Don't immanentize the eschaton!">Don't immanentize the eschaton!</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Republicans_pounce" title="Republicans pounce">Republicans pounce</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Republican_in_Name_Only" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican in Name Only">RINO</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/South_Park_Republican" title="South Park Republican"><i>South Park</i> Republican</a>"</li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-bottom:0.22em; border-top:1px solid #AAA; border-bottom:1px solid #AAA"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/15px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/22px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/30px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Conservatism" title="Portal:Conservatism">Conservatism portal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/16px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></span></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Conservatism_US" title="Template:Conservatism US"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Conservatism_US" title="Template talk:Conservatism US"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism_US" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism US"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jeane Duane Kirkpatrick</b> (née <b>Jordan</b>; November 19, 1926 – December 7, 2006) was an American <a href="/wiki/Diplomat" title="Diplomat">diplomat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Political_scientist" class="mw-redirect" title="Political scientist">political scientist</a> who played a major role in the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Ronald_Reagan_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Ronald Reagan administration">foreign policy of the Ronald Reagan administration</a>. An ardent <a href="/wiki/Anticommunist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anticommunist">anticommunist</a>, she was a longtime <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrat</a> who became a <a href="/wiki/Neoconservative" class="mw-redirect" title="Neoconservative">neoconservative</a> and switched to the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a> in 1985. After serving as <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>'s foreign policy adviser in his <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_1980_presidential_campaign" title="Ronald Reagan 1980 presidential campaign">1980 presidential campaign</a>, she became the first woman to serve as <a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_the_United_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to the United Nations">United States Ambassador to the United Nations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-econkirkpatrick_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-econkirkpatrick-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She was known for the "<a href="/wiki/Kirkpatrick_Doctrine" title="Kirkpatrick Doctrine">Kirkpatrick Doctrine</a>", which advocated supporting <a href="/wiki/Authoritarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Authoritarian">authoritarian</a> regimes around the world if they went along with Washington's aims. She believed that they could be led into democracy by example. She wrote, "traditional authoritarian governments are less repressive than revolutionary autocracies."<sup id="cite_ref-jpost_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jpost-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She sympathized with the <a href="/wiki/National_Reorganization_Process" title="National Reorganization Process">Argentine junta</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Falklands_War" title="Falklands War">Falklands War</a>, while Reagan took the other side in support of British prime minister <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a>. </p><p>Kirkpatrick served in Reagan's cabinet on the <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Security_Council" title="United States National Security Council">National Security Council</a>, Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board, Defense Policy Review Board, and chaired the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a> Commission on Fail Safe and Risk reduction of the Nuclear Command and Control System.<sup id="cite_ref-idt_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-idt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She wrote a syndicated newspaper column after leaving government service in 1985, specializing in analysis of United Nations activities. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeane_Kirkpatrick&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kirkpatrick was born in <a href="/wiki/Duncan,_Oklahoma" title="Duncan, Oklahoma">Duncan, Oklahoma</a>, on November 19, 1926, the daughter of an oilfield <a href="/wiki/Wildcatter" title="Wildcatter">wildcatter</a>, Welcher F. Jordan, and his wife, Leona (née Kile). She attended Emerson Elementary School in Duncan, and was known to her classmates as "Duane Jordan." She had a younger sibling, Jerry. At 12, her father moved the family to <a href="/wiki/Mt._Vernon,_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Mt. Vernon, Illinois">Mt. Vernon, Illinois</a>, where she graduated from Mt. Vernon Township High School. In 1948, she graduated from <a href="/wiki/Barnard_College" title="Barnard College">Barnard College</a> of <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> after receiving her associate degree from <a href="/wiki/Stephens_College" title="Stephens College">Stephens College</a> in <a href="/wiki/Columbia,_Missouri" title="Columbia, Missouri">Columbia, Missouri</a>, which was then only a two-year institution. </p><p>In 1968, Kirkpatrick earned a <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">Ph.D.</a> in <a href="/wiki/Political_science" title="Political science">political science</a> from Columbia University.<sup id="cite_ref-nprkirkpatrick_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nprkirkpatrick-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She spent a year of postgraduate study at <a href="/wiki/Sciences_Po" title="Sciences Po">Sciences Po</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Paris" title="University of Paris">University of Paris</a>, which helped her learn <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>. She was fluent in <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-independent2006_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-independent2006-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While she ultimately became a <a href="/wiki/American_conservatism" class="mw-redirect" title="American conservatism">conservative</a>, as a college freshman in 1945 she joined the <a href="/wiki/Young_People%27s_Socialist_League_(1907)" title="Young People's Socialist League (1907)">Young People's Socialist League</a>, the youth wing of the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Party of America">Socialist Party of America</a>, influenced by her grandfather who was a founder of the <a href="/wiki/Populist_Party_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Populist Party (United States)">Populist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Socialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist">Socialist</a> parties in <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a>. At Columbia University, her principal adviser was <a href="/wiki/Franz_Leopold_Neumann" class="mw-redirect" title="Franz Leopold Neumann">Franz Leopold Neumann</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Marxist_revisionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxist revisionism">revisionist Marxist</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MayDay2002_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MayDay2002-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As Kirkpatrick recalled at a symposium in 2002: </p> <blockquote><p>It wasn't easy to find the YPSL in Columbia, Missouri. But I had read about it and I wanted to be one. We had a very limited number of activities in Columbia, Missouri. We had an <a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_Francoism" title="Opposition to Francoism">anti-Franco</a> rally, which was a worthy cause. You could raise a question about how relevant it was likely to be in Columbia, Missouri, but it was in any case a worthy cause. We also planned a socialist picnic, which we spent quite a lot of time organizing. Eventually, I regret to say, the YPSL chapter, after much discussion, many debates and some downright quarrels, broke up over the socialist picnic. I thought that was rather discouraging.<sup id="cite_ref-MayDay2002_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MayDay2002-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeane_Kirkpatrick&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Georgetown_University">Georgetown University</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeane_Kirkpatrick&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Georgetown University"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1967, she joined the faculty of <a href="/wiki/Georgetown_University" title="Georgetown University">Georgetown University</a> and became a full professor of government in 1973. She became active in politics as a <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrat</a> in the 1970s, and was involved in the later campaigns of former <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a> and Democratic <a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election" title="1968 United States presidential election">presidential candidate</a> <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Hubert Humphrey</a>. In addition to Humphrey, she was close to <a href="/wiki/Henry_M._Jackson" title="Henry M. Jackson">Henry Jackson</a>, who ran for the Democratic nomination for president in <a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_presidential_election" title="1972 United States presidential election">1972</a> and <a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election" title="1976 United States presidential election">1976</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nprkirkpatrick_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nprkirkpatrick-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like many in Jackson's circle she became identified with <a href="/wiki/Neoconservatism" title="Neoconservatism">neoconservatism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Opposed to the candidacy of <a href="/wiki/George_McGovern" title="George McGovern">George McGovern</a> in 1972, she joined with <a href="/wiki/Richard_V._Allen" title="Richard V. Allen">Richard V. Allen</a> and others in co-founding the <a href="/wiki/Committee_on_the_Present_Danger" title="Committee on the Present Danger">Committee on the Present Danger</a>, which sought to warn Americans of <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>'s growing military power and the dangers that the organization believe were represented to the United States in the <a href="/wiki/SALT_II#SALT_II" class="mw-redirect" title="SALT II">SALT II</a> treaty.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimesallen_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimesallen-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She also served on the Platform Committee for the Democratic Party in 1976.<sup id="cite_ref-natlreview1984_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-natlreview1984-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kirkpatrick published articles in political science journals reflecting her disillusionment with the Democratic Party with specific criticism of the <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter#Foreign_policy" title="Jimmy Carter">foreign policy</a> of Democratic President <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a>. Her most well known essay, "<a href="/wiki/Dictatorships_and_Double_Standards" title="Dictatorships and Double Standards">Dictatorships and Double Standards</a>", was published in <i><a href="/wiki/Commentary_(magazine)" title="Commentary (magazine)">Commentary</a></i> magazine in November 1979.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the essay, Kirkpatrick mentioned what she saw as a difference between authoritarian regimes and the totalitarian regimes such as the Soviet Union; sometimes, it was necessary to work with authoritarian regimes if it suited American purposes:<sup id="cite_ref-nprkirkpatrick_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nprkirkpatrick-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "No idea holds greater sway in the mind of educated Americans than the belief that it is possible to <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">democratize</a> governments, anytime and anywhere, under any circumstances ... Decades, if not centuries, are normally required for people to acquire the necessary disciplines and habits. In Britain, the road [to democratic government] took seven centuries to traverse ... The speed with which armies collapse, bureaucracies abdicate, and social structures dissolve once the autocrat is removed frequently surprises American policymakers."<sup id="cite_ref-econkirkpatrick_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-econkirkpatrick-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cabinet">Cabinet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeane_Kirkpatrick&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Cabinet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1981_US_Cabinet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/1981_US_Cabinet.jpg/295px-1981_US_Cabinet.jpg" decoding="async" width="295" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/1981_US_Cabinet.jpg/443px-1981_US_Cabinet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/1981_US_Cabinet.jpg/590px-1981_US_Cabinet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2860" data-file-height="2252" /></a><figcaption>Jeane Kirkpatrick (center) with the other members of the Reagan Administration, 1981</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Photograph_of_1984_Cabinet_-_Class_Photo_-_NARA_-_198545.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Photograph_of_1984_Cabinet_-_Class_Photo_-_NARA_-_198545.jpg/295px-Photograph_of_1984_Cabinet_-_Class_Photo_-_NARA_-_198545.jpg" decoding="async" width="295" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Photograph_of_1984_Cabinet_-_Class_Photo_-_NARA_-_198545.jpg/443px-Photograph_of_1984_Cabinet_-_Class_Photo_-_NARA_-_198545.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Photograph_of_1984_Cabinet_-_Class_Photo_-_NARA_-_198545.jpg/590px-Photograph_of_1984_Cabinet_-_Class_Photo_-_NARA_-_198545.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2420" /></a><figcaption>Kirkpatrick (left, in red) among the Reagan Cabinet, 1984</figcaption></figure> <p>The piece came to the attention of Ronald Reagan through his National Security Adviser <a href="/wiki/Richard_V._Allen" title="Richard V. Allen">Richard V. Allen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nprkirkpatrick_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nprkirkpatrick-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kirkpatrick then became a foreign policy adviser throughout Reagan's <a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election" title="1980 United States presidential election">1980 campaign</a> and presidency and, after his election to the presidency, Ambassador to the United Nations, which she held for four years. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i> writes that until then, "she had never spent time with a Republican before."<sup id="cite_ref-econkirkpatrick_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-econkirkpatrick-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the way to her first meeting with Reagan, she told Allen, "Listen, Dick, I am an <a href="/wiki/AFL%E2%80%93CIO" class="mw-redirect" title="AFL–CIO">AFL–CIO</a> Democrat and I am quite concerned that my meeting Ronald Reagan on any basis will be misunderstood."<sup id="cite_ref-nytimesallen_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimesallen-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She asked Reagan if he minded having a lifelong Democrat on his team; he replied that he himself had been a Democrat until he was 51, and in any event, he liked her way of thinking about American foreign policy.<sup id="cite_ref-independent2006_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-independent2006-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kirkpatrick was a vocal advocate of US support for the military regime in El Salvador during the early years of the Reagan Administration. When four US churchwomen were murdered by Salvadorean soldiers in 1980, Kirkpatrick declared her 'unequivocal' belief that the Salvadorean army was not responsible, adding that 'the nuns were not just nuns. They were political activists. We ought to be a little more clear about this than we actually are.'<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the release of declassified documents in the 1990s, New Jersey congressman <a href="/wiki/Robert_Torricelli" title="Robert Torricelli">Robert Torricelli</a> stated that it was 'now clear that while the Reagan Administration was certifying human rights progress in El Salvador they knew the terrible truth that the Salvadoran military was engaged in a widespread campaign of terror and torture'.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She was one of the strongest supporters of <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>'s military dictatorship following the March 1982 Argentine invasion of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a>, which triggered the <a href="/wiki/Falklands_War" title="Falklands War">Falklands War</a>. Kirkpatrick had a "soft spot" for Argentina's General <a href="/wiki/Leopoldo_Galtieri" title="Leopoldo Galtieri">Leopoldo Galtieri</a><sup id="cite_ref-econkirkpatrick_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-econkirkpatrick-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and favored neutrality rather than the pro-British policy favored by Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Haig" title="Alexander Haig">Alexander Haig</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-independent2006_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-independent2006-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kirkpatrick, who, according to British UN Ambassador Sir <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Parsons" title="Anthony Parsons">Anthony Parsons</a>, was very mixed up with Latin American policy, even went as far as supporting the Argentinian dictatorship by urging the Reagan Administration to act as outlined as in the <a href="/wiki/Rio_Pact" class="mw-redirect" title="Rio Pact">Rio Pact</a> of 1947, which stated that an attack against one state in the hemisphere should be considered an attack against them all.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>British ambassador <a href="/wiki/Sir_Nicholas_Henderson" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Nicholas Henderson">Sir Nicholas Henderson</a> allegedly characterized her in a <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_cable" title="Diplomatic cable">diplomatic cable</a> as "more fool than fascist ... she appears to be one of America's own-goal scorers, tactless, wrong-headed, ineffective, and a dubious tribute to the academic profession to which she [expresses] her allegiance."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Reagan_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Reagan administration">Reagan administration</a> ultimately decided to declare support for the British, making her vote for <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_502" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 502">United Nations Security Council Resolution 502</a>. </p><p>At the <a href="/wiki/1984_Republican_National_Convention" title="1984 Republican National Convention">1984 Republican National Convention</a>, she delivered the "Blame America First" keynote speech,<sup id="cite_ref-nprkirkpatrick_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nprkirkpatrick-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which renominated Reagan by praising his administration's foreign policy<sup id="cite_ref-independent2006_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-independent2006-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while excoriating the leadership of what she called the "<a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a> Democrats" (the Democrats had just held their convention in San Francisco) for the party's shift away from the policies of <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> to a more strident antiwar position for which the left-wing of the Democratic Party had pushed since the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-yt1_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yt1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was the first time since the 1952 speech from <a href="/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur" title="Douglas MacArthur">Douglas MacArthur</a> that a non-party member had delivered the Republican Convention's keynote address.<sup id="cite_ref-natlreview1984_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-natlreview1984-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kirkpatrick, a member of the National Security Council, did not get along with either Secretary of State Haig or his successor, <a href="/wiki/George_Shultz" title="George Shultz">George Shultz</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She disagreed with Shultz, most notably on the <a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Contra_affair" title="Iran–Contra affair">Iran–Contra affair</a> in which she supported skimming money off arms sales to fund the <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaraguan</a> <a href="/wiki/Contras" title="Contras">Contras</a><sup id="cite_ref-independent2006_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-independent2006-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while Shultz told Kirkpatrick that it would be an "impeachable offense" to do so because of the massacres perpetrated by that group.<sup id="cite_ref-econkirkpatrick_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-econkirkpatrick-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shultz threatened to resign if Kirkpatrick was appointed National Security Adviser.<sup id="cite_ref-independent2006_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-independent2006-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kirkpatrick was more closely allied with Secretary of Defense <a href="/wiki/Caspar_Weinberger" title="Caspar Weinberger">Caspar Weinberger</a> and head of the CIA <a href="/wiki/William_J._Casey" title="William J. Casey">William J. Casey</a> on the issue.<sup id="cite_ref-natlreview_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-natlreview-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Noam Chomsky</a>, for example, referred to her as the "Chief sadist-in-residence of the Reagan Administration" and went on to criticize what he called the hypocrisy of supporting brutal military regimes that showed no respect for human rights or democracy while claiming to be protecting the region from communism.<sup id="cite_ref-chomsky_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chomsky-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Author Lars Schoultz has argued that her policy was based on her belief that "Latin Americans are pathologically violent" and goes on to criticize that as a prejudice with no factual basis.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ambassador_to_UN">Ambassador to UN</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeane_Kirkpatrick&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ambassador to UN"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Ronald_Reagan_meeting_with_Jeane_Kirkpatrick_in_the_Oval_Office.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/President_Ronald_Reagan_meeting_with_Jeane_Kirkpatrick_in_the_Oval_Office.jpg/250px-President_Ronald_Reagan_meeting_with_Jeane_Kirkpatrick_in_the_Oval_Office.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/President_Ronald_Reagan_meeting_with_Jeane_Kirkpatrick_in_the_Oval_Office.jpg/375px-President_Ronald_Reagan_meeting_with_Jeane_Kirkpatrick_in_the_Oval_Office.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/President_Ronald_Reagan_meeting_with_Jeane_Kirkpatrick_in_the_Oval_Office.jpg/500px-President_Ronald_Reagan_meeting_with_Jeane_Kirkpatrick_in_the_Oval_Office.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2656" /></a><figcaption>Kirkpatrick with President Ronald Reagan in the <a href="/wiki/Oval_Office" title="Oval Office">Oval Office</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Kirkpatrick said, "What takes place in the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">Security Council</a> more closely resembles a mugging than either a political debate or an effort at problem-solving."<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Still, she finished her term with a certain respect for the normative power of the United Nations as the "institution whose majorities claim the right to decide—for the world—what is legitimate and what is illegitimate."<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She noted that the United States had increasingly ignored that significance and became increasingly isolated.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That was problematic, because "relative isolation in a body like the United Nations <i>is</i> a sign of impotence,"<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> especially given its ability to shape international attitudes.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was ambassador to the UN during the September 1, 1983, Soviet shooting down of <a href="/wiki/Korean_Air_Lines_Flight_007" title="Korean Air Lines Flight 007">Korean Air Lines Flight 007</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Moneron_Island" title="Moneron Island">Moneron Island</a>. It had carried 269 passengers and crew including a sitting congressman, <a href="/wiki/Larry_McDonald" title="Larry McDonald">Larry McDonald</a> (D-GA). She played before the Security Council the audio of the electronic intercept of the interceptor pilot during the attack, and the Soviet Union could no longer deny its responsibility for the shootdown. <sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kirkpatrick was a board member of the American Foundation for Resistance International and the National Council to Support the Democracy Movements, intended to help bring down Soviet and East European Communism. Along with Vladimir Bukovsky, Martin Colman and Richard Perle, she worked to organize democratic revolutions against communism. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="source given is only for the next sentence (April 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Jay_Nordlinger" title="Jay Nordlinger">Jay Nordlinger</a>, on a visit with American dignitaries, Soviet human rights activist <a href="/wiki/Andrei_Sakharov" title="Andrei Sakharov">Andrei Sakharov</a> said, "Kirkpatski, Kirkpatski, which of you is Kirkpatski?" When others pointed to Kirkpatrick, he said, "Your name is known in every cell in the <a href="/wiki/Gulag" title="Gulag">Gulag</a>" because she had named Soviet political prisoners on the floor of the UN.<sup id="cite_ref-natlreview_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-natlreview-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kirkpatrick had said she would serve only one term at the UN and stepped down in April 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-independent2006_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-independent2006-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Views_on_Israel">Views on Israel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeane_Kirkpatrick&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Views on Israel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kirkpatrick was a staunch supporter of <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During her ambassadorship at the United Nations, she considered its frequent criticism and condemnation of the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_and_democratic_state" title="Jewish and democratic state">Jewish state</a> as holding Israel to a double standard, which she attributed to hostility and regarded as politically motivated. In 1989, Mohammed Wahby, press director of <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>'s Information Bureau, wrote to the <i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Post">Washington Post</a></i>, "Jeane Kirkpatrick has, somehow, consistently opposed any attempt to resolve the <a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Arab–Israeli conflict">Arab–Israeli conflict</a>". However, in a 1989 <a href="/wiki/Op-ed" title="Op-ed">op-ed</a>, Kirkpatrick warned Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/James_Baker" title="James Baker">James Baker</a> and Bush not to get involved in the conflict because any intervention would fail.<sup id="cite_ref-mideastwarning_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mideastwarning-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kirkpatrick frequently expressed disdain for what she perceived to be disproportionate attention towards Israel's at the expense of others' conflicts.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite this, during her tenure as UN Ambassador, she supported several resolutions condemning Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Anti-Defamation_League" title="Anti-Defamation League">Anti-Defamation League</a> President <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Foxman" title="Abraham Foxman">Abraham Foxman</a> issued a press release upon her death: "She will be fondly remembered for her unwavering and valiant support of the State of Israel and her unequivocal opposition to <a href="/wiki/Anti-Semitism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Semitism">anti-Semitism</a>, especially during her tenure at the United Nations. She was always a true friend of the <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jewish people</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-ADL_Mourns_the_Passing_of_Ambassador_Jeane_Kirkpatrick_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ADL_Mourns_the_Passing_of_Ambassador_Jeane_Kirkpatrick-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_views">Political views</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeane_Kirkpatrick&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Political views"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Comparing <a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">authoritarian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">totalitarian</a> regimes, she said: </p> <ul><li>"Authoritarian regimes really typically don't have complete <a href="/wiki/Planned_economy" title="Planned economy">command economies</a>. Authoritarian regimes typically have some kind of traditional economy with some <a href="/wiki/Private_ownership" class="mw-redirect" title="Private ownership">private ownership</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi regime</a> left ownership in private hands, but the state assumed control of the economy. Control was separated from ownership but it was really a command economy because it was controlled by the state. A command economy is an attribute of a totalitarian state."<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Explaining her disillusionment with international organizations, especially the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>, she stated:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul><li>"As I watched the behavior of the nations of the U.N. (including our own), I found no reasonable ground to expect any one of those governments to transcend permanently their own national interests for those of another country."</li> <li>"I conclude that it is a fundamental mistake to think that salvation, justice, or virtue come through merely human institutions."</li> <li>"Democracy not only requires equality but also an unshakable conviction in the value of each person, who is then equal. Cross cultural experience teaches us not simply that people have different beliefs, but that people seek meaning and understand themselves in some sense as members of a cosmos ruled by God."</li></ul> <p>Regarding <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialism</a>, she said: </p> <ul><li>"As I read the utopian socialists, the scientific socialists, the German Social Democrats and revolutionary socialists—whatever I could in either English or French—I came to the conclusion that almost all of them, including my grandfather, were engaged in an effort to change human nature. The more I thought about it, the more I thought this was not likely to be a successful effort. So I turned my attention more and more to political philosophy and less and less to socialist activism of any kind."<sup id="cite_ref-MayDay2002_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MayDay2002-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_life">Later life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeane_Kirkpatrick&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Later life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In April 1985, Kirkpatrick became a Republican, a move which <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i> called her "only recourse" after her speech at the <a href="/wiki/1984_Republican_National_Convention" title="1984 Republican National Convention">1984 Republican National Convention</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-econkirkpatrick_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-econkirkpatrick-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She returned<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (September 2024)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> to teaching at Georgetown University and became a fellow at the <a href="/wiki/American_Enterprise_Institute" title="American Enterprise Institute">American Enterprise Institute</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Washington_D.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Washington D.C.">Washington D.C.</a> <a href="/wiki/Think_tank" title="Think tank">think tank</a>, and a contributor to the <i><a href="/wiki/American_Freedom_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="American Freedom Journal">American Freedom Journal</a></i>. In 1993, she cofounded <a href="/wiki/Empower_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Empower America">Empower America</a>, a public-policy organization. She was also on the advisory board of the <a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Scholars" title="National Association of Scholars">National Association of Scholars</a>, a group that works against what it regards as a <a href="/wiki/American_liberalism" class="mw-redirect" title="American liberalism">liberal</a> bias in <a href="/wiki/Universities_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Universities in the United States">universities in the United States</a>, with its emphasis on <a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">multicultural</a> <a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_United_States" title="Education in the United States">education</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Affirmative_action" title="Affirmative action">affirmative action</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Kirkpatrick briefly considered running for president in 1988 against <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a>, because she believed he was not tough enough on Communism.<sup id="cite_ref-econkirkpatrick_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-econkirkpatrick-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-independent2006_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-independent2006-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kirkpatrick endorsed Senator <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dole" title="Bob Dole">Robert Dole</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a>, who was the runner-up to Bush. Despite a strong showing in the Iowa caucuses, Dole's campaign quickly faded after he lost the New Hampshire primary in February 1988. Kirkpatrick was an active surrogate campaigner for Dole even as he was losing, as was her old foe, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Haig" title="Alexander Haig">Alexander Haig</a>, who endorsed Dole after ending his own 1988 campaign several days before the New Hampshire primary. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Along with <a href="/wiki/Empower_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Empower America">Empower America</a> co-directors <a href="/wiki/William_Bennett" title="William Bennett">William Bennett</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kemp" title="Jack Kemp">Jack Kemp</a>, she called on the <a href="/wiki/US_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="US Congress">Congress</a> to issue a formal declaration of war against the "entire fundamentalist <a href="/wiki/Islamist_terrorist" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamist terrorist">Islamist terrorist</a> network" the day after the <a href="/wiki/September_11,_2001_Terrorist_Attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks">September 11 attacks</a> on the <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_(1973%E2%80%932001)" title="World Trade Center (1973–2001)">World Trade Center</a>. In 2003, she headed the US delegation to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_Human_Rights" title="United Nations Commission on Human Rights">United Nations Commission on Human Rights</a>. Kirkpatrick was appointed to the Board of Directors of <a href="/wiki/IDT_Corp." class="mw-redirect" title="IDT Corp.">IDT Corp.</a> in 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-idt_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-idt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was revealed after her death that in 2003, she was sent as a US envoy, to meet an Arab delegation and attempt to convince them to support the <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a>; she was supposed to argue that pre-emptive war was justifiable, but she knew that it would not work and instead argued that <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a> had consistently gone against the UN.<sup id="cite_ref-independent2006_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-independent2006-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However she described <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> as "a bit too interventionist for my taste" and felt that what she described as "moral imperialism" was not "taken seriously anywhere outside a few places in Washington, D.C."<sup id="cite_ref-econkirkpatrick_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-econkirkpatrick-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeane_Kirkpatrick&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to a spokesperson at the <a href="/wiki/American_Enterprise_Institute" title="American Enterprise Institute">American Enterprise Institute</a>, Kirkpatrick was a Presbyterian.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On February 20, 1955, she married Evron Maurice Kirkpatrick, who was a scholar and a former member of the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Strategic_Services" title="Office of Strategic Services">O.S.S.</a> (the World War II–era predecessor of the <a href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a>). Her husband died in 1995. They had three sons: Douglas Jordan (1956–2006), John Evron, and Stuart Alan.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She had been diagnosed with heart disease and had been in failing health for several years. Kirkpatrick died at her home in <a href="/wiki/Bethesda,_Maryland" title="Bethesda, Maryland">Bethesda, Maryland</a>, on December 7, 2006, from <a href="/wiki/Congestive_heart_failure" class="mw-redirect" title="Congestive heart failure">congestive heart failure</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-jkdeath_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jkdeath-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was interred at <a href="/wiki/Parklawn_Memorial_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Parklawn Memorial Park">Parklawn Memorial Park</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rockville,_Maryland" title="Rockville, Maryland">Rockville, Maryland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-jkdeath_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jkdeath-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_prizes">Awards and prizes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeane_Kirkpatrick&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Awards and prizes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1985, Kirkpatrick was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom">Presidential Medal of Freedom</a>, the nation's highest civilian honor.<sup id="cite_ref-idt_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-idt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Kennedy_School" title="Harvard Kennedy School">Harvard Kennedy School</a> created a Kirkpatrick Chair in International Affairs in her honor.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She was given the <a href="/wiki/Simon_Wiesenthal_Center" title="Simon Wiesenthal Center">Simon Wiesenthal Center</a>'s Humanitarian Award in 1983.<sup id="cite_ref-Kamins_1983_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kamins_1983-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She received an honorary doctorate degree from <a href="/wiki/Universidad_Francisco_Marroqu%C3%ADn" title="Universidad Francisco Marroquín">Universidad Francisco Marroquín</a> in 1985;<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> she also received an <a href="/wiki/Commencement_at_CCSU" class="mw-redirect" title="Commencement at CCSU">honorary doctorate at Central Connecticut State University</a> in 1991.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>She was awarded an <a href="/wiki/Honorary_degree" title="Honorary degree">honorary degree</a> by <a href="/wiki/Brandeis_University" title="Brandeis University">Brandeis University</a> in 1994, but declined it when her honor was met with protests from some professors and students, whom she described as "ideological zealots".<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fifty-three professors opposed the award, with one <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (June 2014)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> stating: "We oppose the degree because she was the intellectual architect of Reagan administration policies that supported some of the Latin-American regimes with the most repressive records."<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1995 she received the <a href="/wiki/Walter_Judd_(politician)#Walter_Judd_Freedom_Award" title="Walter Judd (politician)">Walter Judd Freedom Award</a><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from <a href="/wiki/The_Fund_for_American_Studies" title="The Fund for American Studies">The Fund for American Studies</a>. In 2007, the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Political_Action_Conference" title="Conservative Political Action Conference">Conservative Political Action Conference</a> (CPAC) honored Kirkpatrick with the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Jeane_Kirkpatrick_Academic_Freedom_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeane Kirkpatrick Academic Freedom Award">Jeane Kirkpatrick Academic Freedom Award</a>. The first recipient was Marine Corps reservist and correspondent Matt Sanchez.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kirkpatrick was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Oklahoma Women's Hall of Fame">Oklahoma Women's Hall of Fame</a> in 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeane_Kirkpatrick&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kirkpatrick was portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Lorelei_King" title="Lorelei King">Lorelei King</a> in the 2002 <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> production of <a href="/wiki/Ian_Curteis" title="Ian Curteis">Ian Curteis</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Falklands_Play" title="The Falklands Play">The Falklands Play</a></i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Breathed" title="Berkeley Breathed">Berkeley Breathed</a>'s daily comic strip <i><a href="/wiki/Bloom_County" title="Bloom County">Bloom County</a></i>, Kirkpatrick becomes former Meadow Party Presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Bill_the_Cat" title="Bill the Cat">Bill the Cat</a>'s love interest before he is exposed as using that relationship to perform <a href="/wiki/Espionage" title="Espionage">espionage</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Books_authored">Books authored</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeane_Kirkpatrick&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Books authored"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Making War to Keep Peace</i>, 2007 (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-119543-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-119543-X">0-06-119543-X</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1hzh0leHuKMC"><i>The Withering Away of the Totalitarian State...and Other Surprises</i></a>, 1992 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8447-3728-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8447-3728-3">0-8447-3728-3</a>)</li> <li><i>Legitimacy and Force: National and International Dimensions</i>, 1988 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88738-647-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-88738-647-4">0-88738-647-4</a>)</li> <li><i>International Regulation: New Rules in a Changing World Order</i>, 1988 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55815-026-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-55815-026-9">1-55815-026-9</a>)</li> <li><i>Legitimacy and Force: Political and Moral Dimensions</i>, 1988 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88738-099-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-88738-099-9">0-88738-099-9</a>)</li> <li><i>Legitimacy and Force: State Papers and Current Perspectives 1981–1985</i>, 1987 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88738-647-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-88738-647-4">0-88738-647-4</a>)</li> <li><i>The United States and the World: Setting Limits</i>, 1986 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8447-1379-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8447-1379-1">0-8447-1379-1</a>)</li> <li><i>The Reagan Doctrine and U.S. Foreign Policy</i>, 1985 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/99965-0-591-X" title="Special:BookSources/99965-0-591-X">99965-0-591-X</a>)</li> <li><i>Reagan Phenomenon and Other Speeches on Foreign Policy</i>, 1983 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8447-1361-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8447-1361-9">0-8447-1361-9</a>)</li> <li><i>U.N. Under Scrutiny</i>, 1982 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/99938-872-9-3" title="Special:BookSources/99938-872-9-3">99938-872-9-3</a>)</li> <li><i>Dictatorships and Double Standards: Rationalism and Reason in Politics</i>, 1982 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-671-43836-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-671-43836-0">0-671-43836-0</a>)</li> <li><i>Presidential Nominating Process: Can It Be Improved</i>, 1980 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8447-3397-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8447-3397-0">0-8447-3397-0</a>)</li> <li><i>Dismantling the Parties: Reflections on Party Reform and Party Decomposition</i>, 1978 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8447-3293-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8447-3293-1">0-8447-3293-1</a>)</li> <li><i>The New Presidential Elite: Men and Women in National Politics</i>, 1976 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87154-475-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-87154-475-X">0-87154-475-X</a>)</li> <li><i>Political Woman</i>, 1974 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-465-05970-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-465-05970-8">0-465-05970-8</a>), the first major study of women in American political life. It includes interviews with 50 successful political women, representing 26 states.<sup id="cite_ref-american_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-american-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>She was also editor of a 1963 book titled <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/strategyofdeceptionkirkpatrick">The Strategy of Deception: A study in world-wide Communist tactics</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeane_Kirkpatrick&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 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title="Portal:Conservatism">Conservatism portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_notable_Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom_recipients" class="mw-redirect" title="List of notable Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients">List of notable Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._political_appointments_that_crossed_party_lines" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. political appointments that crossed party lines">List of U.S. political appointments that crossed party lines</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeane_Kirkpatrick&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-econkirkpatrick-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-econkirkpatrick_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-econkirkpatrick_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-econkirkpatrick_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-econkirkpatrick_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-econkirkpatrick_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-econkirkpatrick_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-econkirkpatrick_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-econkirkpatrick_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/obituary/displaystory.cfm?story_id=8447241">"Jeane Kirkpatrick"</a>. <i>The Economist</i>. December 19, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071120044855/http://www.economist.com/obituary/displaystory.cfm?story_id=8447241">Archived</a> from the original on November 20, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 16,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Jeane+Kirkpatrick&rft.date=2006-12-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fobituary%2Fdisplaystory.cfm%3Fstory_id%3D8447241&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeane+Kirkpatrick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jpost-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jpost_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?apage=1&cid=1164881893430&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull">"Middle Israel: The new world order"</a>. The Jerusalem Post. December 14, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 16,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Middle+Israel%3A+The+new+world+order&rft.date=2006-12-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffr.jpost.com%2Fservlet%2FSatellite%3Fapage%3D1%26cid%3D1164881893430%26pagename%3DJPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeane+Kirkpatrick" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged April 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-idt-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-idt_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-idt_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-idt_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927174735/http://www.idteurope.com/corporate/press/releases/1223.asp">"Jeane Kirkpatrick, Former United States Ambassador to The United Nations, Joins IDT Corporation Board of Directors"</a>. IDT Europe. September 27, 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idteurope.com/corporate/press/releases/1223.asp">the original</a> on September 27, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 16,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jeane+Kirkpatrick%2C+Former+United+States+Ambassador+to+The+United+Nations%2C+Joins+IDT+Corporation+Board+of+Directors&rft.pub=IDT+Europe&rft.date=2004-09-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.idteurope.com%2Fcorporate%2Fpress%2Freleases%2F1223.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeane+Kirkpatrick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nprkirkpatrick-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nprkirkpatrick_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nprkirkpatrick_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nprkirkpatrick_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nprkirkpatrick_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nprkirkpatrick_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6599937">"Jeane Kirkpatrick and the Cold War (audio)"</a>. NPR. December 8, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190406213955/https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6599937">Archived</a> from the original on April 6, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 16,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Jeane+Kirkpatrick+and+the+Cold+War+%28audio%29&rft.date=2006-12-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Ftemplates%2Fstory%2Fstory.php%3FstoryId%3D6599937&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeane+Kirkpatrick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-independent2006-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-independent2006_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-independent2006_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-independent2006_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-independent2006_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-independent2006_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-independent2006_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-independent2006_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-independent2006_5-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-independent2006_5-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCornwell2006" class="citation news cs1">Cornwell, Rupert (December 11, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071001130010/http://news.independent.co.uk/people/obituaries/article2064742.ece">"Jeane Kirkpatrick"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. London, UK. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.independent.co.uk/people/obituaries/article2064742.ece">the original</a> on October 1, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 16,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Jeane+Kirkpatrick&rft.date=2006-12-11&rft.aulast=Cornwell&rft.aufirst=Rupert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.independent.co.uk%2Fpeople%2Fobituaries%2Farticle2064742.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeane+Kirkpatrick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MayDay2002-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MayDay2002_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MayDay2002_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MayDay2002_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061206200926/http://www.socialdemocrats.org/MayDayTranscript.html">"Socialism: What Happened? What Now?"</a>. <i>symposium transcript</i>. Notesonline and the New Economy Information Service. June 27, 2002. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.socialdemocrats.org/MayDayTranscript.html">the original</a> on December 6, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 9,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=symposium+transcript&rft.atitle=Socialism%3A+What+Happened%3F+What+Now%3F&rft.date=2002-06-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.socialdemocrats.org%2FMayDayTranscript.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeane+Kirkpatrick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bianca Joy Rowlett, <i>Jeane Kirkpatrick and Neoconservatism: The Intellectual Evolution of a Liberal</i> (2014)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peter Collier, <i>Political Woman: The Big Little Life of Jeane Kirkpatrick</i> (2012) pp 184–91.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimesallen-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nytimesallen_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytimesallen_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllen2006" class="citation news cs1">Allen, Richard V. (December 16, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/16/opinion/16allen.html?pagewanted=all">"Jeane Kirkpatrick and the Great Democratic Defection"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180815075233/https://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/16/opinion/16allen.html?pagewanted=all">Archived</a> from the original on August 15, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 16,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Jeane+Kirkpatrick+and+the+Great+Democratic+Defection&rft.date=2006-12-16&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Richard+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2006%2F12%2F16%2Fopinion%2F16allen.html%3Fpagewanted%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeane+Kirkpatrick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-natlreview1984-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-natlreview1984_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-natlreview1984_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam1984" class="citation news cs1">William, Buckley (August 10, 1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-3386389.html">"Prime time for Mrs. Kirkpatrick?"</a>. <i>National Review</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 16,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Review&rft.atitle=Prime+time+for+Mrs.+Kirkpatrick%3F&rft.date=1984-08-10&rft.aulast=William&rft.aufirst=Buckley&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.highbeam.com%2Fdoc%2F1G1-3386389.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeane+Kirkpatrick" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged February 2019">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jeane Kirkpatrick, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.commentarymagazine.com/viewarticle.cfm/dictatorships--double-standards-6189">"Dictatorships and Double Standards"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110204172141/http://www.commentarymagazine.com/viewarticle.cfm/dictatorships--double-standards-6189">Archived</a> February 4, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Commentary_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Commentary Magazine">Commentary Magazine</a></i>, vol 68, No 5, November 1979, pp. 34–45.<br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Dictatorships-double-standards-Rationalism-politics/dp/0671438360">Amazon.com profile</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170223151605/https://www.amazon.com/Dictatorships-double-standards-Rationalism-politics/dp/0671438360">Archived</a> February 23, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; accessed May 20, 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201108003521/https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2015/04/robert-white-diplomat-el-salvador-117089_Page2.html">"The Diplomat Who Wouldn't Lie"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2015/04/robert-white-diplomat-el-salvador-117089_Page2.html">the original</a> on November 8, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 3,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=The+Diplomat+Who+Wouldn%27t+Lie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fmagazine%2Fstory%2F2015%2F04%2Frobert-white-diplomat-el-salvador-117089_Page2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeane+Kirkpatrick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrauss1993" class="citation news cs1">Krauss, Clifford (March 21, 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1993/03/21/world/how-us-actions-helped-hide-salvador-human-rights-abuses.html">"How U.S. Actions Helped Hide Salvador Human Rights Abuses"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=How+U.S.+Actions+Helped+Hide+Salvador+Human+Rights+Abuses&rft.date=1993-03-21&rft.aulast=Krauss&rft.aufirst=Clifford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1993%2F03%2F21%2Fworld%2Fhow-us-actions-helped-hide-salvador-human-rights-abuses.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeane+Kirkpatrick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAldous2012" class="citation book cs1">Aldous, Richard (2012). <i>Reagan and Thatcher: The Difficult Relationship</i>. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 80.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reagan+and+Thatcher%3A+The+Difficult+Relationship&rft.pages=80&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Aldous&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeane+Kirkpatrick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">according to <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurns2012" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_F._Burns" class="mw-redirect" title="John F. Burns">Burns, John F.</a> (December 28, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/29/world/europe/falklands-war-caused-rare-friction-for-thatcher-and-reagan.html">"Papers Show Rare Friction for Thatcher and Reagan"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. p. 8. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230119193911/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/29/world/europe/falklands-war-caused-rare-friction-for-thatcher-and-reagan.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 19, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 1,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Papers+Show+Rare+Friction+for+Thatcher+and+Reagan&rft.pages=8&rft.date=2012-12-28&rft.aulast=Burns&rft.aufirst=John+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F12%2F29%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Ffalklands-war-caused-rare-friction-for-thatcher-and-reagan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeane+Kirkpatrick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-yt1-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-yt1_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dv8L-cuq17s">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Blame America First' - Jeane Kirkpatrick's 1984 GOP Convention Speech"</a>. February 14, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27Blame+America+First%27+-+Jeane+Kirkpatrick%27s+1984+GOP+Convention+Speech&rft.date=2012-02-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DDv8L-cuq17s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeane+Kirkpatrick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adst.org/OH%20TOCs/Kirkpatrick,%20Jeane%20Jordan.toc.pdf">"The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project Women Ambassadors Series AMBASSADOR JEANE JORDAN KIRKPATRICK"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training</i>. May 28, 1987. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240627032103/https://adst.org/OH%20TOCs/Kirkpatrick,%20Jeane%20Jordan.toc.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on June 27, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 24,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Association+for+Diplomatic+Studies+and+Training&rft.atitle=The+Association+for+Diplomatic+Studies+and+Training+Foreign+Affairs+Oral+History+Project+Women+Ambassadors+Series+AMBASSADOR+JEANE+JORDAN+KIRKPATRICK&rft.date=1987-05-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fadst.org%2FOH%2520TOCs%2FKirkpatrick%2C%2520Jeane%2520Jordan.toc.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeane+Kirkpatrick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-natlreview-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-natlreview_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-natlreview_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Sullivan2006" class="citation news cs1">O'Sullivan, John (December 31, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-156055427.html">"She was right: Jeane Kirkpatrick, statesman and intellectual"</a>. <i>National Review</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 16,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Review&rft.atitle=She+was+right%3A+Jeane+Kirkpatrick%2C+statesman+and+intellectual&rft.date=2006-12-31&rft.aulast=O%27Sullivan&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.highbeam.com%2Fdoc%2F1G1-156055427.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeane+Kirkpatrick" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged February 2019">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chomsky-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-chomsky_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChomsky1985" class="citation book cs1">Chomsky, Noam (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/turningtideusint00chom/page/1"><i>Turning the Tide</i></a>. Boston, Massachusetts: South End Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/turningtideusint00chom/page/1">1–85</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89608-266-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89608-266-3"><bdi>978-0-89608-266-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turning+the+Tide&rft.place=Boston%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pages=1-85&rft.pub=South+End+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0-89608-266-3&rft.aulast=Chomsky&rft.aufirst=Noam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fturningtideusint00chom%2Fpage%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeane+Kirkpatrick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchoultz1998" class="citation book cs1">Schoultz, Lars (1998). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/beneathunitedsta00scho"><i>Beneath the United States</i></a></span>. Boston, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/beneathunitedsta00scho/page/374">374–80</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674922761" title="Special:BookSources/9780674922761"><bdi>9780674922761</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beneath+the+United+States&rft.place=Boston%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pages=374-80&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9780674922761&rft.aulast=Schoultz&rft.aufirst=Lars&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbeneathunitedsta00scho&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeane+Kirkpatrick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bosco, David L., <i>Five to Rule Them All: The UN Security Council and the Making of the Modern World</i>, Oxford University Press, 2009, p. 142.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kirkpatrick, Jeane J., <i>Legitimacy and Force</i> Vol. 1 (Oxford: Transaction Books, 1988), p. xvi.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kirkpatrick, Jeane J., "Standing Alone" in <i>Legitimacy and Force</i>, vol 1 (Oxford: Transaction Books, 1988), pp. 193–94.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kirkpatrick, Jeane J., "Standing Alone" in <i>Legitimacy and Force</i>, vol 1 (Oxford: Transaction Books, 1988), 195.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kirkpatrick, Jeane J., "The UN as a Political System" in <i>Legitimacy and Force</i>, vol 1 (Oxford: Transaction Books, 1988), p. 222.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/2017/03/21/statement-on-kal-007-sept-6-1983/">"Statement on KAL-007 - Sept. 6, 1983"</a>. <i>Archives of Women's Political Communication</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 23,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Women%27s+Political+Communication&rft.atitle=Statement+on+KAL-007+-+Sept.+6%2C+1983&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fawpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu%2F2017%2F03%2F21%2Fstatement-on-kal-007-sept-6-1983%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeane+Kirkpatrick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020601103112/http://www.empoweramerica.org/stories/storyReader%24515">"EMPOWER AMERICA: Twenty facts about Israel and the Middle East"</a>. April 24, 2002. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.empoweramerica.org/stories/storyReader$515">the original</a> on June 1, 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 2,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=EMPOWER+AMERICA%3A+Twenty+facts+about+Israel+and+the+Middle+East&rft.date=2002-04-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.empoweramerica.org%2Fstories%2FstoryReader%24515&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeane+Kirkpatrick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mideastwarning-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mideastwarning_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121104145247/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1230551.html">"Jeane Kirkpatrick's Mideast Warning"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i>. December 27, 1989. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1230551.html">the original</a> on November 4, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 16,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Jeane+Kirkpatrick%27s+Mideast+Warning&rft.date=1989-12-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.highbeam.com%2Fdoc%2F1P2-1230551.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeane+Kirkpatrick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/UN/israel_un.html">"The United Nations and Israel by Mitchell Bard"</a>. Jewishvirtuallibrary.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230119193912/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/the-u-n-israel-relationship">Archived</a> from the original on January 19, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 2,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+United+Nations+and+Israel+by+Mitchell+Bard&rft.pub=Jewishvirtuallibrary.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fjsource%2FUN%2Fisrael_un.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeane+Kirkpatrick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1981/06/19/162647.html?pageNumber=1">"U.S. JOINS AS U.N. COUNCIL VOTES TO CALL GOLAN ANNEXATION ILLEGAL"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230119193912/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1981/06/19/162647.html?pageNumber=1">Archived</a> from the original on January 19, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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RESOLUTION TO 'CONDEMN' RAID"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230119193912/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1981/06/19/162647.html?pageNumber=1">Archived</a> from the original on January 19, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 19,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=U.S.+AND+IRAQ+AGREE+ON+U.N.+RESOLUTION+TO+%27CONDEMN%27+RAID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1981%2F06%2F19%2F162647.html%3FpageNumber%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeane+Kirkpatrick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ADL_Mourns_the_Passing_of_Ambassador_Jeane_Kirkpatrick-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ADL_Mourns_the_Passing_of_Ambassador_Jeane_Kirkpatrick_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070304084303/http://www.adl.org/PresRele/UnitedNations_94/4941_94.htm">"ADL Mourns the Passing of Ambassador Jeane Kirkpatrick"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 18,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oklahoman.com&rft.atitle=Jeane+Kirkpatrick+buried+in+quiet+Maryland+rites&rft.date=2006-12-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foklahoman.com%2Farticle%2F2984542%2Fjeane-kirkpatrick-buried-in-quiet-maryland-rites%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeane+Kirkpatrick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHartson2006" class="citation news cs1">Hartson, Merrill (December 8, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061210052518/http://www.forbes.com/home/feeds/ap/2006/12/08/ap3239825.html">"Jean Kirkpatrick, Ex-Ambassador, Dies"</a>. <i>Forbes.com</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 30,</span> 2020</span>. <q>The executive secretary of the Holocaust Survivors Association, U.S.A., has issued a sharp attack on Simon Wiesenthal, the famed Nazi-hunter, for having "committed a tragic error" when the Simon Wiesenthal Center presented its Humanitarian Laureate Award to Jeane Kirkpatrick, the U.S. Ambassador to the UN.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Telegraphic+Agency&rft.atitle=Award+to+Kirkpatrick+Denounced&rft.date=1983-04-25&rft.aulast=Kamins&rft.aufirst=Toni+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jta.org%2F1983%2F04%2F25%2Farchive%2Faward-to-kirkpatrick-denounced&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeane+Kirkpatrick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ufm.edu/cms/es/honorary-doctoral-degrees">Honorary Doctoral Degrees</a> at <a href="/wiki/Universidad_Francisco_Marroqu%C3%ADn" title="Universidad Francisco Marroquín">Universidad Francisco Marroquín</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110501185429/https://www.ufm.edu/cms/es/honorary-doctoral-degrees">Archived</a> May 1, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaff1994" class="citation news cs1">Staff (May 4, 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1960&dat=19940504&id=RWdGAAAAIBAJ&pg=2874,1039641">"Jeane Kirkpatrick declines honorary degree from Brandeis University"</a>. <i>The Sunday Gazette</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 16,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Jeane+Kirkpatrick%3A+hated%2C+but+right.+%28Originated+from+Boston+Globe%29&rft.date=1994-05-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.highbeam.com%2Fdoc%2F1G1-15242257.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeane+Kirkpatrick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141018144822/http://www.tfas.org/Page.aspx?pid=267">Walter Judd Freedom Award</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071029190543/http://www.cpac.org/agenda_30207.html">"CPAC 2007 Agenda"</a>. 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(1997). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/notableusambassa00west"><i>Notable U.S. Ambassadors since 1775: A Biographical Dictionary</i></a></span>. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. pp. 219–226. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-29195-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-313-29195-0"><bdi>0-313-29195-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Notable+U.S.+Ambassadors+since+1775%3A+A+Biographical+Dictionary&rft.place=Westport%2C+CT&rft.pages=219-226&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-313-29195-0&rft.aulast=Nolan&rft.aufirst=Cathal+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnotableusambassa00west&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeane+Kirkpatrick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBreathed" class="citation web cs1">Breathed, Berkeley. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gocomics.com/bloomcounty/1988/02/08">"Bloom County comic strip Feb 8, 1988"</a>. <i>Bloom County comic strip</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 20,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bloom+County+comic+strip&rft.atitle=Bloom+County+comic+strip+Feb+8%2C+1988&rft.aulast=Breathed&rft.aufirst=Berkeley&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gocomics.com%2Fbloomcounty%2F1988%2F02%2F08&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeane+Kirkpatrick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-american-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-american_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.american.com/archive/2012/october/the-past-present-and-future-of-the-womens-vote/article_print">Review of <i>Political Woman</i> (1974)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130813220109/http://www.american.com/archive/2012/october/the-past-present-and-future-of-the-womens-vote/article_print">Archived</a> August 13, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, american.com; accessed June 24, 2014.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeane_Kirkpatrick&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bashevkin, Sylvia. <i>Women as Foreign Policy Leaders: National Security and Gender Politics in Superpower America</i> (Oxford UP, 2018) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Women-Foreign-Policy-Leaders-International/dp/0197516971/">excerpt</a>; also <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showpdf.php?id=54801">online review</a></li> <li>Byrnes, Sean T. "The United States in Opposition: The United Nations, The Third World, and Changing American Visions of Global Order, 1970–1984". (PhD Diss. Emory University, 2014) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/openview/60c280178009768a5d64ee0587652d9a/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y">excerpt</a>.</li> <li>Collier, Peter. <i>Political Woman: The Big Little Life of Jeane Kirkpatrick</i> (2012).</li> <li>Rowlett, Bianca Joy. <i>Jeane Kirkpatrick and Neoconservatism: The Intellectual Evolution of a Liberal</i> (2014)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeane_Kirkpatrick&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about <br /> <b>Jeane Kirkpatrick</b> <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Jeane+Kirkpatrick">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Jeane+Kirkpatrick&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><b>By Jeane Kirkpatrick</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?at=wp&au=Jeane+Kirkpatrick">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?at=wp&au=Jeane+Kirkpatrick&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li></ul> </div></div> </div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Jeane_Kirkpatrick" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Jeane Kirkpatrick">Jeane Kirkpatrick</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/09/washington/09kirkpatrick.html?ex=1323320400&en=721b7bd24a2c694d&ei=5090">"Jeane Kirkpatrick, Reagan's Forceful Envoy, Dies"</a>, '<a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a><i>, December 9, 2006; accessed May 20, 2014.</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?1007244">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washtimes.com/national/20060515-122839-9492r.htm">"Kirkpatrick hit liberals for blaming America first"</a>, washtimes.com; accessed May 20, 2014.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.empoweramerica.org">official website of Empower America</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061208005634/http://www.aei.org/scholars/scholarID.32,filter./scholar.asp">American Enterprise Institute website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051229061002/http://rightweb.irc-online.org/profile/1250">Profile: Jeane J. Kirkpatrick</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070304084303/http://www.adl.org/PresRele/UnitedNations_94/4941_94.htm">ADL Mourns the Passing of Ambassador Jeane Kirkpatrick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anti-Defamation_League" title="Anti-Defamation League">Anti-Defamation League</a> press release; accessed May 20, 2014.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/coldwar/interviews/episode-19/kirkpatrick1.html">The Cold War series: interview with Jeane Kirkpatrick</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Archive" title="National Security Archive">National Security Archive</a> (February 28, 1999)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060719042602/http://www.oprah.com/tows/pastshows/tows_past_20011001_d.jhtml">"Jeane Kirkpatrick advocates war"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Oprah_Winfrey_Show" title="The Oprah Winfrey Show">The Oprah Winfrey Show</a></i>, October 1, 2001.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070206030437/http://www.nas.org/nas/bd_advisors.htm">The National Association of Scholar's Board of Advisors</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cdm164001.cdmhost.com/krogh/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/p164001coll21&CISOPTR=71&CISOBOX=1&REC=1">Jeane Kirkpatrick interviewed by Peter Krogh</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110813071600/http://cdm164001.cdmhost.com/krogh/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=%2Fp164001coll21&CISOPTR=71&CISOBOX=1&REC=1">Archived</a> August 13, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>American Interests</i> (1982)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry?entry=KI021">Kirkpatrick, Jeane Jordan (1926–2006)</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Oklahoma_History_and_Culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture">Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FACEFF;">Diplomatic posts </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Donald_McHenry" title="Donald McHenry">Donald McHenry</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassadors_to_the_United_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassadors to the United Nations">United States Ambassadors to the United Nations</a> </b><br />1981–1985 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Vernon_A._Walters" title="Vernon A. Walters">Vernon Walters</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cabinet_of_President_Ronald_Reagan_(1981–1989)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Reagan_cabinet" title="Template:Reagan cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Reagan_cabinet" title="Template talk:Reagan cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Reagan_cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Reagan cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cabinet_of_President_Ronald_Reagan_(1981–1989)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet</a> of <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> (1981–1989)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Cabinet" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Cabinet</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> (1981–1989)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="14" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Official_Portrait_of_President_Reagan_1981-cropped.jpg/100px-Official_Portrait_of_President_Reagan_1981-cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Official_Portrait_of_President_Reagan_1981-cropped.jpg/150px-Official_Portrait_of_President_Reagan_1981-cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Official_Portrait_of_President_Reagan_1981-cropped.jpg/200px-Official_Portrait_of_President_Reagan_1981-cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1793" data-file-height="2355" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Haig" title="Alexander Haig">Alexander Haig</a> (1981–1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Shultz" title="George Shultz">George Shultz</a> (1982–1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Regan" title="Donald Regan">Donald Regan</a> (1981–1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Baker" title="James Baker">James Baker</a> (1985–1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_F._Brady" title="Nicholas F. Brady">Nicholas F. Brady</a> (1988–1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caspar_Weinberger" title="Caspar Weinberger">Caspar Weinberger</a> (1981–1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Carlucci" title="Frank Carlucci">Frank Carlucci</a> (1987–1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_French_Smith" title="William French Smith">William French Smith</a> (1981–1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Meese" title="Edwin Meese">Edwin Meese</a> (1985–1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Thornburgh" title="Dick Thornburgh">Dick Thornburgh</a> (1988–1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior" title="United States Secretary of the Interior">Secretary of the Interior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_G._Watt" title="James G. Watt">James G. Watt</a> (1981–1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_P._Clark_Jr." title="William P. Clark Jr.">William P. Clark Jr.</a> (1983–1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_P._Hodel" title="Donald P. Hodel">Donald P. Hodel</a> (1985–1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Agriculture" title="United States Secretary of Agriculture">Secretary of Agriculture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_R._Block" title="John R. Block">John R. Block</a> (1981–1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Lyng" title="Richard Lyng">Richard Lyng</a> (1986–1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Commerce" title="United States Secretary of Commerce">Secretary of Commerce</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Baldrige_Jr." title="Malcolm Baldrige Jr.">Malcolm Baldrige Jr.</a> (1981–1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Verity_Jr." title="William Verity Jr.">William Verity Jr.</a> (1987–1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Labor" title="United States Secretary of Labor">Secretary of Labor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_J._Donovan" title="Raymond J. Donovan">Raymond J. Donovan</a> (1981–1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Brock" title="Bill Brock">Bill Brock</a> (1985–1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_McLaughlin_Korologos" title="Ann McLaughlin Korologos">Ann Dore McLaughlin</a> (1987–1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Secretary of Health and Human Services">Secretary of Health and Human Services</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Schweiker" title="Richard Schweiker">Richard Schweiker</a> (1981–1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Heckler" title="Margaret Heckler">Margaret Heckler</a> (1983–1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otis_Bowen" title="Otis Bowen">Otis Bowen</a> (1985–1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development">Secretary of Housing and Urban Development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Pierce" title="Samuel Pierce">Samuel Pierce</a> (1981–1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Transportation" title="United States Secretary of Transportation">Secretary of Transportation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drew_Lewis" title="Drew Lewis">Drew Lewis</a> (1981–1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Dole" title="Elizabeth Dole">Elizabeth Dole</a> (1983–1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_H._Burnley_IV" title="James H. Burnley IV">James H. Burnley IV</a> (1987–1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Energy" title="United States Secretary of Energy">Secretary of Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_B._Edwards" title="James B. Edwards">James B. Edwards</a> (1981–1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_P._Hodel" title="Donald P. Hodel">Donald P. Hodel</a> (1983–1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_S._Herrington" title="John S. Herrington">John S. Herrington</a> (1985–1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Education" title="United States Secretary of Education">Secretary of Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terrel_Bell" title="Terrel Bell">Terrel Bell</a> (1981–1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Bennett" title="William Bennett">William Bennett</a> (1985–1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauro_Cavazos" title="Lauro Cavazos">Lauro Cavazos</a> (1988–1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Cabinet-level" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Cabinet-level</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Management_and_Budget" title="Office of Management and Budget">Director of the Office of Management and Budget</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Stockman" title="David Stockman">David Stockman</a> (1981–1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_C._Miller_III" title="James C. Miller III">James C. Miller III</a> (1985–1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Wright_(businessman)" title="Joe Wright (businessman)">Joe Wright</a> (1988–1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Director_of_Central_Intelligence" title="Director of Central Intelligence">Director of Central Intelligence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Casey" title="William J. Casey">William J. Casey</a> (1981–1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Webster" title="William H. Webster">William H. Webster</a> (1987–1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_United_States_Trade_Representative" title="Office of the United States Trade Representative">Trade Representative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Brock" title="Bill Brock">Bill Brock</a> (1981–1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clayton_Yeutter" title="Clayton Yeutter">Clayton Yeutter</a> (1985–1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_the_United_Nations" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to the United Nations">Ambassador to the United Nations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jeane Kirkpatrick</a> (1981–1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernon_A._Walters" title="Vernon A. Walters">Vernon A. Walters</a> (1985–1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Counselor_to_the_President" title="Counselor to the President">Counselor to the President</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Meese" title="Edwin Meese">Edwin Meese</a> (1981–1985)</li> <li><i>None</i> (1985–1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_ambassadors_to_the_United_Nations" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="4"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USUNambassadors" title="Template:USUNambassadors"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USUNambassadors" title="Template talk:USUNambassadors"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USUNambassadors" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USUNambassadors"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_ambassadors_to_the_United_Nations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_the_United_Nations" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to the United Nations">United States ambassadors to the United Nations</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 2px 0 0"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_United_Nations.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Emblem_of_the_United_Nations.svg/94px-Emblem_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png" decoding="async" width="94" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Emblem_of_the_United_Nations.svg/141px-Emblem_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Emblem_of_the_United_Nations.svg/188px-Emblem_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="436" /></a></span></div></td><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Stettinius_Jr." title="Edward Stettinius Jr.">Stettinius</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Herschel_Johnson" title="Herschel Johnson">Johnson</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Austin" title="Warren Austin">Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge_Jr." title="Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.">Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Jeremiah_Wadsworth" title="James Jeremiah Wadsworth">Wadsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_II" title="Adlai Stevenson II">Stevenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Goldberg" title="Arthur Goldberg">Goldberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Ball_(diplomat)" title="George Ball (diplomat)">Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Russell_Wiggins" title="James Russell Wiggins">Wiggins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Yost" title="Charles Yost">Yost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Scali" title="John A. Scali">Scali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan" title="Daniel Patrick Moynihan">Moynihan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Scranton" title="William Scranton">Scranton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Young" title="Andrew Young">Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_McHenry" title="Donald McHenry">McHenry</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kirkpatrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernon_A._Walters" title="Vernon A. Walters">Walters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Pickering" title="Thomas R. Pickering">Pickering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_J._Perkins" title="Edward J. Perkins">Perkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madeleine_Albright" title="Madeleine Albright">Albright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Richardson" title="Bill Richardson">Richardson</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Peter_Burleigh" title="Peter Burleigh">Burleigh</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Holbrooke" title="Richard Holbrooke">Holbrooke</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/James_B._Cunningham" title="James B. Cunningham">Cunningham</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Negroponte" title="John Negroponte">Negroponte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Danforth" title="John Danforth">Danforth</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anne_W._Patterson" title="Anne W. Patterson">Patterson</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bolton" title="John Bolton">Bolton</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Daniel_Wolff" title="Alejandro Daniel Wolff">Wolff</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zalmay_Khalilzad" title="Zalmay Khalilzad">Khalilzad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Rice" title="Susan Rice">Rice</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rosemary_DiCarlo" title="Rosemary DiCarlo">DiCarlo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samantha_Power" title="Samantha Power">Power</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Michele_J._Sison" title="Michele J. Sison">Sison</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikki_Haley" title="Nikki Haley">Haley</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_R._Cohen" title="Jonathan R. Cohen">Cohen</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelly_Craft" title="Kelly Craft">Craft</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Mills_Jr." title="Richard M. Mills Jr.">Mills</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Thomas-Greenfield" title="Linda Thomas-Greenfield">Thomas-Greenfield</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg/80px-U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg/120px-U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg/160px-U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="4"><div><i>Italics</i> indicates acting</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Oklahoma_Women&#039;s_Hall_of_Fame" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Oklahoma_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template:Oklahoma Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Oklahoma_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template talk:Oklahoma Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Oklahoma_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Oklahoma Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Oklahoma_Women&#039;s_Hall_of_Fame" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Oklahoma Women's Hall of Fame">Oklahoma Women's Hall of Fame</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1980s" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1980s</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1982</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_Atkins" title="Hannah Atkins">Hannah Diggs Atkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Barnard" title="Kate Barnard">Kate Barnard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_Brooks" title="June Brooks">June Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Stewart_Farley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gloria Stewart Farley (page does not exist)">Gloria Stewart Farley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aloysius_Larch-Miller" title="Aloysius Larch-Miller">Aloysius Larch-Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Ryan_Peters" class="mw-redirect" title="Susan Ryan Peters">Susan Ryan Peters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christine_Salmon" title="Christine Salmon">Christine Salmon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edyth_Thomas_Wallace&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edyth Thomas Wallace (page does not exist)">Edyth Thomas Wallace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1983</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zelia_N._Breaux" title="Zelia N. Breaux">Zelia N. Breaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Frank" title="Kate Frank">Kate Frank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leona_Mitchell" title="Leona Mitchell">Leona Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Pitts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Pitts (page does not exist)">Jean Pitts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juanita_Stout" class="mw-redirect" title="Juanita Stout">Juanita Stout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alma_Wilson" title="Alma Wilson">Alma Wilson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1984</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angie_Debo" title="Angie Debo">Angie Debo</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jeane Duane Kirkpatrick</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewell_Russell_Mann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jewell Russell Mann (page does not exist)">Jewell Russell Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zella_J._Patterson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zella J. Patterson (page does not exist)">Zella J. Patterson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1985</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mae_Boren_Axton" title="Mae Boren Axton">Mae Boren Axton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_Tompkins_Benson" title="June Tompkins Benson">June Tompkins Benson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pam_Olson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pam Olson (page does not exist)">Pam Olson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Durham_Price" class="mw-redirect" title="Betty Durham Price">Betty Durham Price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertha_Frank_Teague" class="mw-redirect" title="Bertha Frank Teague">Bertha Frank Teague</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1986</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sara_Ruth_Cohen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sara Ruth Cohen (page does not exist)">Sara Ruth Cohen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vinita_Cravens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vinita Cravens (page does not exist)">Vinita Cravens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubye_Hibler_Hall" title="Rubye Hibler Hall">Rubye Hibler Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Ann_McCurdy_Holmes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elizabeth Ann McCurdy Holmes (page does not exist)">Elizabeth Ann McCurdy Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grace_Elizabeth_Hudlin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grace Elizabeth Hudlin (page does not exist)">Grace Elizabeth Hudlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilma_Mankiller" title="Wilma Mankiller">Wilma P. Mankiller</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edna_Mae_Phelps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edna Mae Phelps (page does not exist)">Edna Mae Phelps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evelyn_La_Rue_Pittman" class="mw-redirect" title="Evelyn La Rue Pittman">Evelyn La Rue Pittman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1990s" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1990s</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1993</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Cox" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie Cox">Marie Cox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anita_Hill" title="Anita Hill">Anita Faye Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscelyne_Larkin_Jasinski" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscelyne Larkin Jasinski">Moscelyne Larkin Jasinski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacqulyn_C._Longacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacqulyn C. Longacre">Jacqulyn C. Longacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannon_Lucid" title="Shannon Lucid">Shannon Lucid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clara_Luper" title="Clara Luper">Clara Luper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opaline_Deveraux_Wadkins" title="Opaline Deveraux Wadkins">Opaline Deveraux Wadkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Woodrum" title="Pat Woodrum">Pat Woodrum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1995</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Feldman" title="Nancy Feldman">Nancy Goodman Feldman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbara_J._Gardner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barbara J. Gardner (page does not exist)">Barbara J. Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruthe_Blalock_Jones" title="Ruthe Blalock Jones">Ruthe Blalock Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mona_Salyer_Lambird" title="Mona Salyer Lambird">Mona Salyer Lambird</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Grace_Langdon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gloria Grace Langdon (page does not exist)">Gloria Grace Langdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernice_Compton_Mitchell" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernice Compton Mitchell">Bernice Compton Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Nigh" title="Donna Nigh">Donna Nigh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1996</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Betty_Boyd_(television_personality)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Betty Boyd (television personality) (page does not exist)">Betty Boyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ada_Lois_Sipuel_Fisher" title="Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher">Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lela_Foreman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lela Foreman (page does not exist)">Lela Foreman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Ingraham" title="Sandy Ingraham">Sandy Ingraham</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lorena_Males&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lorena Males (page does not exist)">Lorena Males</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernice_Shedrick" title="Bernice Shedrick">Bernice Shedrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valree_Fletcher_Wynn" title="Valree Fletcher Wynn">Valree Fletcher Wynn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1997</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isabel_Keith_Baker" title="Isabel Keith Baker">Isabel Keith Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessie_Thatcher_Bost" title="Jessie Thatcher Bost">Jessie Thatcher Bost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norma_Eagleton" title="Norma Eagleton">Norma Eagleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kay_Goebel" title="Kay Goebel">Kay Goebel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruth_Gilliland_Kistler_Hardaman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruth Gilliland Kistler Hardaman (page does not exist)">Ruth Gilliland Kistler Hardaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverly_Horse" title="Beverly Horse">Beverly Horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazola_McKerson" title="Mazola McKerson">Mazola McKerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penny_Williams" title="Penny Williams">Penny Baldwin Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2000s" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2000s</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jari_Askins" title="Jari Askins">Jari Askins</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shirley_Bellmon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shirley Bellmon (page does not exist)">Shirley Bellmon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dorothy_Moses_DeWitty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dorothy Moses DeWitty (page does not exist)">Dorothy Moses DeWitty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Garrett" title="Sandy Garrett">Sandy Garrett</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lynn_Jones_(Oklahoma)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lynn Jones (Oklahoma) (page does not exist)">Lynn Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yvonne_Kauger" title="Yvonne Kauger">Yvonne Kauger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Zink_Tarbel" title="Jill Zink Tarbel">Jill Zink Tarbel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dana_Tiger" title="Dana Tiger">Dana Tiger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2003</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Esther_Houser" title="Esther Houser">Esther Houser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicki_Miles-LaGrange" title="Vicki Miles-LaGrange">Vicki Miles-LaGrange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Morrissey" title="Linda Morrissey">Linda Morrissey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Schusterman" title="Lynn Schusterman">Lynn Schusterman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Shirley" title="Donna Shirley">Donna Shirley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2005</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wanda_L._Bass" title="Wanda L. Bass">Wanda L. Bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_L._Coats" class="mw-redirect" title="Nancy L. Coats">Nancy L. Coats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Fallin" title="Mary Fallin">Mary Fallin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amelia_Elizabeth_%22Bessie%22_Simison_McColgin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amelia Elizabeth "Bessie" Simison McColgin (page does not exist)">Amelia Elizabeth "Bessie" Simison McColgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanine_Rhea" title="Jeanine Rhea">Jeanine Rhea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Kulp_Seymour" title="Stephanie Kulp Seymour">Stephanie Kulp Seymour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2007</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sherri_Coale" title="Sherri Coale">Sherri Coale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginny_Creveling" title="Ginny Creveling">Ginny Creveling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Anna_Hibler" title="Joe Anna Hibler">Joe Anna Hibler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxine_Horner" title="Maxine Horner">Maxine Horner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kay_Martin_(technologist)" title="Kay Martin (technologist)">Kay Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Neese" title="Terry Neese">Terry Neese</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claudia_Tarrington&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Claudia Tarrington (page does not exist)">Claudia Tarrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Thompson_Taylor" title="Carolyn Thompson Taylor">Carolyn Thompson Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Della_Warrior" title="Della Warrior">Della Warrior</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2009</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rita_Aragon" title="Rita Aragon">Rita Aragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Edmondson" title="Suzanne Edmondson">Suzanne Edmondson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edna_Miller_Hennessee" title="Edna Miller Hennessee">Edna Miller Hennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Henry" title="Kim Henry">Kim Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marabeau_Looney&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marabeau Looney (page does not exist)">Marabeau Looney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Susan_Savage" title="M. Susan Savage">M. Susan Savage</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carolyn_Whitener&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carolyn Whitener (page does not exist)">Carolyn Whitener</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2010s" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2010s</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Boyd" title="Laura Boyd">Laura Boyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chloe_Brown" title="Chloe Brown">Chloe Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joy_Culbreath" title="Joy Culbreath">Joy Culbreath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcia_Mitchell" title="Marcia Mitchell">Marcia Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardina_Moore" title="Ardina Moore">Ardina Moore</a></li> <li>Cynthia Ross</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathy_Taylor_(politician)" title="Kathy Taylor (politician)">Kathy Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Harrod_Thompson" title="Helen Harrod Thompson">Helen Harrod Thompson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ida_Blackburn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ida Blackburn (page does not exist)">Ida Blackburn</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elaine_Dodd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elaine Dodd (page does not exist)">Elaine Dodd</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lou_Kerr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lou Kerr (page does not exist)">Lou Kerr</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terri_Watkins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terri Watkins (page does not exist)">Terri Watkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Miller" title="Nancy Miller">Nancy Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linda_Haneborg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linda Haneborg (page does not exist)">Linda Haneborg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LaDonna_Harris" title="LaDonna Harris">LaDonna Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_M%C3%A9lon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary Mélon (page does not exist)">Mary Mélon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marion_Paden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marion Paden (page does not exist)">Marion Paden</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thelma_Parks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thelma Parks (page does not exist)">Thelma Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramona_Paul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ramona Paul (page does not exist)">Ramona Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patty_Roloff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patty Roloff (page does not exist)">Patty Roloff</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avis_Scaramucci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avis Scaramucci (page does not exist)">Avis Scaramucci</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Cavanaugh" title="Linda Cavanaugh">Linda Cavanaugh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glenda_Love&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glenda Love (page does not exist)">Glenda Love</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pat_Potts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pat Potts (page does not exist)">Pat Potts</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meg_Salyer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meg Salyer (page does not exist)">Meg Salyer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhonda_Walters&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhonda Walters (page does not exist)">Rhonda Walters</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edith_McKinney_Gaylord&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edith McKinney Gaylord (page does not exist)">Edith McKinney Gaylord</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2018</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Susan_Chambers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Susan Chambers (page does not exist)">Susan Chambers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Anne_Jayroe" title="Jane Anne Jayroe">Jayne Anne Jayroe-Gamble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Gilmore" title="Joan Gilmore">Joan Gilmore</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Willa_Johnson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Willa Johnson (page does not exist)">Willa Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kay_Rhoads&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kay Rhoads (page does not exist)">Kay Rhoads</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Noma_Gurich" title="Noma Gurich">Noma Gurich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Holmes_(b._1915)" class="mw-redirect" title="Helen Holmes (b. 1915)">Helen Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Love" title="Tom Love">Judy Love</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ollie_Starr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ollie Starr (page does not exist)">Ollie Starr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2020s" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2020s</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2022</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sue_Ann_Arnall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sue Ann Arnall (page does not exist)">Sue Ann Arnall</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carleen_Burger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carleen Burger (page does not exist)">Carleen Burger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Janice_Dobbs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Janice Dobbs (page does not exist)">Janice Dobbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanda_Jackson" title="Wanda Jackson">Wanda Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roseline_Nsikak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roseline Nsikak (page does not exist)">Roseline Nsikak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayse_Shrum" title="Kayse Shrum">Kayse Shrum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Betty_McElderry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Betty McElderry (page does not exist)">Betty McElderry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Belle_Wiedemann" title="Anna Belle Wiedemann">Anna Belle Wiedemann</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2023</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mo_Anderson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mo Anderson (page does not exist)">Mo Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patricia_Fennell_(community_activist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patricia Fennell (community activist) (page does not exist)">Patricia Fennell</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann_Felton_Gilliland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ann Felton Gilliland (page does not exist)">Ann Felton Gilliland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donna_Grabow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donna Grabow (page does not exist)">Donna Grabow</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kim_Garrett_Funk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kim Garrett Funk (page does not exist)">Kim Garrett Funk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathy_Keating" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathy Keating">Cathy Keating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freddye_Harper_Williams" title="Freddye Harper Williams">Freddye Harper Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q240534#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q240534#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q240534#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000117694852">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/71474039">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/16624/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJw8RyMj9Gq3b9Y9kwrpfq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119012685">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50048591">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12388752q">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12388752q">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=mub2013770686&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068078234">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Kirkpatrick, Jeane J."><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000020138&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810688776505606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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