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title="Bruno Beger – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bruno Beger" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AC%D8%B1" title="برونو بيجر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="برونو بيجر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruno_Beger" title="Bruno Beger – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bruno Beger" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">German racial anthropologist (1911–2009)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Bruno Beger</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_135-KB-15-083,_Tibetexpediton,_Anthropometrische_Untersuchungen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Bundesarchiv_Bild_135-KB-15-083%2C_Tibetexpediton%2C_Anthropometrische_Untersuchungen.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_135-KB-15-083%2C_Tibetexpediton%2C_Anthropometrische_Untersuchungen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Bundesarchiv_Bild_135-KB-15-083%2C_Tibetexpediton%2C_Anthropometrische_Untersuchungen.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_135-KB-15-083%2C_Tibetexpediton%2C_Anthropometrische_Untersuchungen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Bundesarchiv_Bild_135-KB-15-083%2C_Tibetexpediton%2C_Anthropometrische_Untersuchungen.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_135-KB-15-083%2C_Tibetexpediton%2C_Anthropometrische_Untersuchungen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="752" data-file-height="800" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Beger conducting anthropometric studies in <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sikkim" title="Kingdom of Sikkim">Sikkim</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1911-04-27</span>)</span>27 April 1911<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt am Main">Frankfurt am Main</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">12 October 2009<span style="display:none">(2009-10-12)</span> (aged 98)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigstein_im_Taunus" title="Königstein im Taunus">Königstein im Taunus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Jena" title="University of Jena">University of Jena</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role"><a href="/wiki/Anthropologist" title="Anthropologist">Anthropologist</a>, explorer, ethnologist</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/1938%E2%80%931939_German_expedition_to_Tibet" title="1938–1939 German expedition to Tibet">1938–1939 German expedition to Tibet</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Jewish_skull_collection" title="Jewish skull collection">Jewish skull collection</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Conviction" title="Conviction">Conviction</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Accessory_to_murder" class="mw-redirect" title="Accessory to murder">Accessory to murder</a> (86 counts)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Criminal penalty</th><td class="infobox-data">3 years imprisonment</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Bruno Beger</b> (27 April 1911 – 12 October 2009) was a German <a href="/wiki/Scientific_racism" title="Scientific racism">racial</a> anthropologist, ethnologist, and explorer who worked for the <i><a href="/wiki/Ahnenerbe" title="Ahnenerbe">Ahnenerbe</a></i>. In that role he participated in <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Sch%C3%A4fer" title="Ernst Schäfer">Ernst Schäfer</a>'s <a href="/wiki/1938%E2%80%931939_German_expedition_to_Tibet" title="1938–1939 German expedition to Tibet">1938–1939 expedition</a> to <a href="/wiki/Tibet_(1912%E2%80%931951)" title="Tibet (1912–1951)">Tibet</a>, helped the <a href="/wiki/SS_Race_and_Settlement_Main_Office" title="SS Race and Settlement Main Office">SS Race and Settlement Main Office</a> (<i>Rasse- und Siedlungshauptamt der SS</i>, RuSHA) identify <a href="/wiki/Jew" class="mw-redirect" title="Jew">Jews</a>, and later helped select human subjects to be killed to create <a href="/wiki/Jewish_skull_collection" title="Jewish skull collection">an anatomical study collection of Jewish skulls</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruno_Beger&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_135-KA-10-063,_Tibetexpediton,_Expeditionsteilnehmer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Bundesarchiv_Bild_135-KA-10-063%2C_Tibetexpediton%2C_Expeditionsteilnehmer.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_135-KA-10-063%2C_Tibetexpediton%2C_Expeditionsteilnehmer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Bundesarchiv_Bild_135-KA-10-063%2C_Tibetexpediton%2C_Expeditionsteilnehmer.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_135-KA-10-063%2C_Tibetexpediton%2C_Expeditionsteilnehmer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Bundesarchiv_Bild_135-KA-10-063%2C_Tibetexpediton%2C_Expeditionsteilnehmer.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_135-KA-10-063%2C_Tibetexpediton%2C_Expeditionsteilnehmer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="578" /></a><figcaption>Beger (right) with the Tibet expedition and their Sikkimese interpreters, Kaiser Bahadur Thapa and Rabden Khazi, in 1938.</figcaption></figure> <p>Beger was born in 1911 to an old <a href="/wiki/Heidelberg" title="Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a> family that soon after came upon hard times when Beger's father was killed in <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. A family friend paid for him to attend the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Jena" title="University of Jena">University of Jena</a> where he was first exposed to <a href="/wiki/Hans_F._K._G%C3%BCnther" title="Hans F. K. Günther">Hans F. K. Günther</a> in a lecture, who would encourage him through his early academic career in <a href="/wiki/Anthropology" title="Anthropology">anthropology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ethnology" title="Ethnology">ethnology</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Service_in_the_SS">Service in the SS</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruno_Beger&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Service in the SS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1934, Beger began working a part-time job in the Race and Settlement Office of the SS where he eventually became a section head. Beger was asked to be part of an expedition to <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>, but while this was awaiting final approval, he was invited on a trip to Tibet led by <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Sch%C3%A4fer" title="Ernst Schäfer">Ernst Schäfer</a> which he accepted instead. </p><p>In a proposal he wrote to Schäfer, Beger stated his contribution to the expedition would be "to study the current racial-anthropological situation through measurements, trait research, photography and moulds... and to collect material about the proportion, origins, significance and development of the Nordic race in this region."<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1938–39_expedition_to_Tibet"><span id="1938.E2.80.9339_expedition_to_Tibet"></span>1938–39 expedition to Tibet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruno_Beger&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1938–39 expedition to Tibet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>All through the expedition, Beger kept a travel diary which was published in book form 60 years later, <i>Mit der deutschen Tibetexpedition Ernst Schäfer 1938/39 nach Lhasa</i> (Wiesbaden, 1998). Only 50 copies of it exist.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jewish_skull_collection">Jewish skull collection</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruno_Beger&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Jewish skull collection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Menachem_Taffel%27s_body,_part_of_the_Jewish_Skeleton_Collection_at_Natzweiler-Struthof.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Menachem_Taffel%27s_body%2C_part_of_the_Jewish_Skeleton_Collection_at_Natzweiler-Struthof.jpg/220px-Menachem_Taffel%27s_body%2C_part_of_the_Jewish_Skeleton_Collection_at_Natzweiler-Struthof.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Menachem_Taffel%27s_body%2C_part_of_the_Jewish_Skeleton_Collection_at_Natzweiler-Struthof.jpg/330px-Menachem_Taffel%27s_body%2C_part_of_the_Jewish_Skeleton_Collection_at_Natzweiler-Struthof.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Menachem_Taffel%27s_body%2C_part_of_the_Jewish_Skeleton_Collection_at_Natzweiler-Struthof.jpg/440px-Menachem_Taffel%27s_body%2C_part_of_the_Jewish_Skeleton_Collection_at_Natzweiler-Struthof.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1745" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Menachem Taffel's body, part of the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_skull_collection" title="Jewish skull collection">Jewish skull collection</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Beger worked together with <a href="/wiki/August_Hirt" title="August Hirt">August Hirt</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Reichsuniversit%C3%A4t_Stra%C3%9Fburg" title="Reichsuniversität Straßburg">Reichsuniversität Straßburg</a>. His assignment, which he carried out, was to provide the Nazi doctor with detainees of diverse ethnic types from various concentration camps in order to serve Hirt's lethal racial experiments.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The work involved selecting over 100 individuals from <a href="/wiki/Auschwitz" class="mw-redirect" title="Auschwitz">Auschwitz</a> to be murdered for their <a href="/wiki/Skull" title="Skull">skulls</a> and exhibited as the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_skull_collection" title="Jewish skull collection">Jewish skull collection</a>. They were mainly Jews, and the crime was exposed during the <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_trials" title="Nuremberg trials">Nuremberg trials</a> in 1946. The collection was sanctioned by <i><a href="/wiki/Reichsf%C3%BChrer-SS" title="Reichsführer-SS">Reichsführer-SS</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Heinrich Himmler</a>, and designed by and under the direction of <a href="/wiki/August_Hirt" title="August Hirt">August Hirt</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Brandt" title="Rudolf Brandt">Rudolf Brandt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wolfram_Sievers" title="Wolfram Sievers">Wolfram Sievers</a>, general manager of the <i><a href="/wiki/Ahnenerbe" title="Ahnenerbe">Ahnenerbe</a></i>, being responsible for procuring and preparing the corpses. The victims were sent to <a href="/wiki/Natzweiler_concentration_camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Natzweiler concentration camp">Natzweiler concentration camp</a> for gassing by <i><a href="/wiki/SS-Hauptsturmf%C3%BChrer" class="mw-redirect" title="SS-Hauptsturmführer">SS-Hauptsturmführer</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Josef_Kramer" title="Josef Kramer">Josef Kramer</a>, the <i><a href="/wiki/Kommandant" class="mw-redirect" title="Kommandant">Kommandant</a></i> of the camp. Their corpses were then sent to Hirt in Strasburg. In these endeavours he was assisted by doctors <a href="/wiki/Hans_Endres" title="Hans Endres">Hans Endres</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hans_Fleischhacker" title="Hans Fleischhacker">Hans Fleischhacker</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_R%C3%BCbel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heinrich Rübel (page does not exist)">Heinrich Rübel</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Trojan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rudolf Trojan (page does not exist)">Rudolf Trojan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="After_the_war">After the war</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruno_Beger&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: After the war"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the war, Beger was interned by American occupation forces. With the exception of August Hirt, who killed himself, all of his superiors were prosecuted in the immediate aftermath of the war: Rudolf Brandt and Wolfram Sievers were both executed by American occupation forces after being convicted at the <a href="/wiki/Doctors%27_Trial" title="Doctors' Trial">Doctors' Trial</a>, while Josef Kramer was executed by British occupation forces after being convicted at the <a href="/wiki/Belsen_trials" title="Belsen trials">Belsen trials</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, in February 1948, Beger was classified as “exonerated” by a <a href="/wiki/Denazification" title="Denazification">denazification</a> tribunal which was unaware of his role in the Jewish skull collection. In 1960, an investigation into the collection began in <a href="/wiki/Ludwigsburg" title="Ludwigsburg">Ludwigsburg</a>, and Beger was taken into custody on 30 March 1960. He was released four months later. </p><p>The investigation continued until coming to trial on 27 October 1970. Beger claimed that he was unaware the Auschwitz prisoners he measured were to be killed. While two others indicted in the trial were released, Beger was convicted on 6 April 1971, and sentenced to three years in prison for being an accomplice in the murder of 86 Jews. However, he was then released immediately due to time served. Neither of his colleagues with whom he was tried, <a href="/wiki/Hans_Fleischhacker" title="Hans Fleischhacker">Hans Fleischhacker</a> and Wolf-Dietrich Wolff, were convicted.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to his family, Beger died in <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigstein_im_Taunus" title="Königstein im Taunus">Königstein im Taunus</a> on 12 October 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruno_Beger&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SS-Rasse-_und_Siedlungshauptamt" class="mw-redirect" title="SS-Rasse- und Siedlungshauptamt">SS-Rasse- und Siedlungshauptamt</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Published_work">Published work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruno_Beger&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Published work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Meine Begenungen mit dem Ozean des Wissens</i>, Kurt und Dieter Schwartz, Königstein, 1986, 11 pages. Broschüre zum 75. Geburtstag von Bruno Beger in einer Auflage von 250 Stück. OCLC 611195622.</li> <li><i>Mit der deutschen Tibetexpedition Ernst Schäfer 1938/39 nach Lhasa</i>, Schwartz, Wiesbaden, 1998, 280 pages. Notes: Includes text of: Geheimnis Tibet: erster Bericht der Deutschen Tibet-Expedition Ernst Schäfer. München: Verlag F. Bruckmann, 1943. Contains an essay by Bruno Beger who was part of the expedition. Maps on lining papers. Description: xxxi, 249 p. : ill. (some col.), col. maps; 26 cm. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783935102353" title="Special:BookSources/9783935102353">9783935102353</a>; 3935102356. OCLC Numbers: 660670280; 163817098.</li> <li>Czwienk, Jürgen, and Georg Graffe. 2004. Die Expeditionen der Nazis Abenteuer und Rassenwahn. Gescher: PolarFilm. Notes: Filmbericht, Deutschland 2004. - Extras: 2 Bonusfilme: Burma Road (41 Min.), China: 1932 - 1935 (15 Min.). Performer(s): Mit: Ernst Schäfer, Bruno Beger. Description: 1 DVD-Video (Ländercode 0, 50 + 56 Min.): s/w, Dolby digital stereo. 12 cm. Responsibility: ein Film von Jürgen Czwienk und Georg Graffe. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3937163476" title="Special:BookSources/3937163476">3937163476</a>; 9783937163475. OCLC Number: 314606494.</li> <li>Beger, Bruno. 1964. Es war in Tibet: Erlebtes im Himalaya und in Tibet. Frankfurt: Akademie für das Graphische Gewerbe. Herstellung: Semesterarbeit von Friedrich Beger. OCLC 611114953.</li> <li>Beger, Bruno. 1941. Die Bevölkerung der altmärkischen Wische: eine rassenkundliche Untersuchung. @Berlin, Univ., Math.-Naturwiss. Fak., Diss., 1941. OCLC 252078607.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruno_Beger&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">De.Wikipedia.org: August Hirt<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_Hirt#skelettsammlung" class="extiw" title="de:August Hirt">de:August Hirt#skelettsammlung</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Wikipedia_and_sources_that_mirror_or_use_it" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="This claim cites another Wikipedia article. Articles need references to reliable third-party sources. (September 2022)">circular reference</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Joseph Cummins, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tiBNJTrWRR4C&q=%22Bruno+beger%22"><i>History's great untold stories: obscure events of lasting importance</i></a>, Murdoch Books, 2006, p. 327.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Detlev Rose, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.voxnr.com/cc/d_allemagne/EEykuApZAydnrSWacD.shtml">L’expédition allemande au Tibet de 1938-39, voyage scientifique ou quête de traces à motivation idéologique ?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081120153643/http://www.voxnr.com/cc/d_allemagne/EEykuApZAydnrSWacD.shtml">Archived</a> 2008-11-20 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>: "Bruno BEGER, <i>Mit der deutschen Tibetexpedition Ernst Schäfer 1938/39 nach Lhasa</i>, Wiesbaden, 1998, page 6. Ce livre récapitule les notes du journal de voyage de Beger, réadaptées pour publication. Il n'a été tiré qu’à une cinquantaine d'exemplaires."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPringle2006" class="citation book cs1">Pringle, Heather (2006). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/masterplanhimmle00prin/page/257"><i>The master plan : Himmler's scholars and the Holocaust</i></a></span> (1 ed.). New York: Hyperion. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/masterplanhimmle00prin/page/257">257-268</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7868-6886-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7868-6886-4"><bdi>0-7868-6886-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+master+plan+%3A+Himmler%27s+scholars+and+the+Holocaust&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=257-268&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Hyperion&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-7868-6886-4&rft.aulast=Pringle&rft.aufirst=Heather&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmasterplanhimmle00prin%2Fpage%2F257&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABruno+Beger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hausdernatur.net/judenhass-bis-zum-schluss/">"Judenhass bis zum Schluss"</a>, <i>Zwischen Tibet, Auschwitz & Dachau</i>, 2013-07-12<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-04-12</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zwischen+Tibet%2C+Auschwitz+%26+Dachau&rft.atitle=Judenhass+bis+zum+Schluss&rft.date=2013-07-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhausdernatur.net%2Fjudenhass-bis-zum-schluss%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABruno+Beger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPringle2006" class="citation book cs1">Pringle, Heather (2006). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/masterplanhimmle00prin/page/316"><i>The master plan : Himmler's scholars and the Holocaust</i></a></span> (1 ed.). New York: Hyperion. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/masterplanhimmle00prin/page/316">316-317</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7868-6886-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7868-6886-4"><bdi>0-7868-6886-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+master+plan+%3A+Himmler%27s+scholars+and+the+Holocaust&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=316-317&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Hyperion&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-7868-6886-4&rft.aulast=Pringle&rft.aufirst=Heather&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmasterplanhimmle00prin%2Fpage%2F316&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABruno+Beger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/einestages/ns-verbrechen-a-950002.html#featuredEntry">"Die Spur der Skelette (Mention of death in section labeled <i>Auftrag erweitert</i>)"</a>. <i>Der Spiegel</i> (in German). 1 June 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Der+Spiegel&rft.atitle=Die+Spur+der+Skelette+%28Mention+of+death+in+section+labeled+Auftrag+erweitert%29&rft.date=2010-06-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Feinestages%2Fns-verbrechen-a-950002.html%23featuredEntry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABruno+Beger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLang" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hans-Joachim_Lang" title="Hans-Joachim Lang">Lang, Hans-Joachim</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.die-namen-der-nummern.de/index.php/en/the-perpetrators">"The Perpetrators"</a>. <i>The Names of the Numbers</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Names+of+the+Numbers&rft.atitle=The+Perpetrators&rft.aulast=Lang&rft.aufirst=Hans-Joachim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.die-namen-der-nummern.de%2Findex.php%2Fen%2Fthe-perpetrators&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABruno+Beger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruno_Beger&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Hale, Christopher. <i>Himmler's Crusade: the True Story of the 1938 Nazi Expedition into Tibet</i> Bantam, 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-553-81445-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-553-81445-3">978-0-553-81445-3</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output 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href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810616885805606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007437752505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/128720654.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/128720654">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: 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