CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Chilled beam - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"7645976d-782f-49ac-82b5-e9a78137e86c","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Chilled_beam","wgTitle":"Chilled beam","wgCurRevisionId":1252892186,"wgRevisionId":1252892186,"wgArticleId":10581795,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from June 2019","Articles with permanently dead external links","Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Chilled_beam","wgRelevantArticleId":10581795,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[], "wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q5099024","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["architecture","bitness","brands","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false, "wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init", "ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.3"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Chilled beam - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chilled_beam"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Chilled_beam&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chilled_beam"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Chilled_beam rootpage-Chilled_beam skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Chilled+beam" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Chilled+beam" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Chilled+beam" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Chilled+beam" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Installation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Installation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Installation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Installation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Installation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Installation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Physics_Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Physics_Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Physics Background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Physics_Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Advantages_and_disadvantages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Advantages_and_disadvantages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Advantages and disadvantages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Advantages_and_disadvantages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adoption" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adoption"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Adoption</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adoption-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Chilled beam</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 3 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-3" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">3 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BChlbalken" title="Kühlbalken – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kühlbalken" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%AF_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%85" title="چیلد بیم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چیلد بیم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kylbaffel" title="Kylbaffel – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kylbaffel" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5099024#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Chilled_beam" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Chilled_beam" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Chilled_beam"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chilled_beam&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chilled_beam&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Chilled_beam"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chilled_beam&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chilled_beam&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Chilled_beam" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Chilled_beam" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chilled_beam&oldid=1252892186" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chilled_beam&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Chilled_beam&id=1252892186&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FChilled_beam"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FChilled_beam"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Chilled_beam&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chilled_beam&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5099024" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p>A <b>chilled beam</b> is a type of <a href="/wiki/Thermal_radiation" title="Thermal radiation">radiation</a>/<a href="/wiki/Convection" title="Convection">convection</a> <a href="/wiki/HVAC" class="mw-redirect" title="HVAC">HVAC</a> system designed to heat and cool large buildings through the use of water.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This method removes most of the zone sensible local heat gains and allows the flow rate of pre-conditioned air from the air handling unit to be reduced, lowering by 60% to 80% the ducted design airflow rate and the equipment capacity requirements.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are two types of chilled beams, a Passive Chilled Beam (PCB) and an Active Chilled Beam (ACB). They both consist of pipes of water (fin-and-tube) that pass through a <a href="/wiki/Heat_exchanger" title="Heat exchanger">heat exchanger</a> contained in a case suspended from, or recessed in, the ceiling.<sup id="cite_ref-Price_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Price-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2012_ASHRAE_Handbook_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2012_ASHRAE_Handbook-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the beam cools the air around it, the air becomes denser and falls to the floor. It is replaced by warmer air moving up from below, causing a constant passive air movement called <a href="/wiki/Convection" title="Convection">convection</a>, to cool the room.<sup id="cite_ref-HamWat158_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HamWat158-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The active beam consists of air duct connections, induction nozzles, hydronic heat transfer coils, supply outlets and induced air inlets. It contains an integral air supply that passes through nozzles, and induces air from the room to the cooling coil. For this reason, it has a better cooling capacity than the passive beam. Instead, the passive beam provides space cooling without the use of a fan and it is mainly done by <a href="/wiki/Convection" title="Convection">convection</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Passive beams can be either exposed or recessed. The passive approach can provide higher <a href="/wiki/Thermal_comfort" title="Thermal comfort">thermal comfort</a> levels,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the active approach (also called an "induction diffuser")<sup id="cite_ref-Roth_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roth-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> uses the momentum of ventilation air that enters at relatively high velocity to induce the circulation of room air through the unit (thus increasing its heating and cooling capacity).<sup id="cite_ref-HamWat158_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HamWat158-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A chilled beam is similar in appearance to a <a href="/wiki/Variable_refrigerant_flow" title="Variable refrigerant flow">VRF</a> unit. </p><p>The chilled beam is distinguishable from the chilled ceiling.<sup id="cite_ref-Beggs_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beggs-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Roth_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roth-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The chilled ceiling uses water flow through pipes like a chilled beam does; however, the pipes in a chilled ceiling lie behind metal ceiling plates, and the heated/cooled plates are the cause of the radiation/convection and not the pipe unit itself.<sup id="cite_ref-Beggs_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beggs-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chilled beams are about 85 percent more effective at convection than chilled ceilings.<sup id="cite_ref-Beggs_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beggs-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The chilled ceiling must cover a relatively large ceiling area both because it is less efficient, and because it provides heating mainly by radiant means. Radiant heating capacity is proportional to surface area.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Installation">Installation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chilled_beam&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Installation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Active chilled beams are mounted in a suspended ceiling and then anchored to the overhead structure, because T-bar ceilings cannot support the typical operating weight of a chilled beam.<sup id="cite_ref-Darren_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Darren-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The beams are generally 1 to 2 feet (0.30 to 0.61 m) wide, and require less than 1 foot (0.30 m) of overhead space.<sup id="cite_ref-Darren_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Darren-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A typical 2-foot (0.61 m) wide chilled beam system generally weighs about 15 pounds (6.8 kg) per 1 foot (0.30 m) length of the beam while dry.<sup id="cite_ref-Darren_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Darren-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beams can be installed in a number of forms - fully exposed, recessed, or hidden within a suspended or perforated ceiling. When working within a suspended ceiling grid, the beams need to be installed before the grid - approximately 60 to 75mm above the finished ceiling, then lowered after the ceiling’s installation. The final mounting should allow for 3 inches (7.6 cm) of movement in all directions.<sup id="cite_ref-REHVA_Guidebook_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-REHVA_Guidebook-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chilled beams are generally installed so that the center of each beam is no more than 3 metres (9.8 ft) from the center of the next beam.<sup id="cite_ref-Ought223_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ought223-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some architects and end-users dislike the beams because they do not cover the entire ceiling so ducts, wiring, and other infrastructure can be seen.<sup id="cite_ref-Roth_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roth-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beams are usually connected to the main supply and return water lines with flexible hoses. To minimize corrosion, oxygen diffusion resistant hoses can be installed.<sup id="cite_ref-REHVA_Guidebook_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-REHVA_Guidebook-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Higher system performance may be obtained by increasing the <a href="/wiki/Static_pressure" title="Static pressure">static pressure</a> of the air in the building.<sup id="cite_ref-Darren_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Darren-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The chilled beams are considered as easy to mount as light fixtures, but require suitable access for service and maintenance.<sup id="cite_ref-REHVA_Guidebook_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-REHVA_Guidebook-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The systems generally need little cleaning (vacuuming of dirt and dust from the fins every five years).<sup id="cite_ref-Darren_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Darren-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The active chilled beam system employs <a href="/wiki/Fin_(extended_surface)" title="Fin (extended surface)">fins</a> to help heat and cool.<sup id="cite_ref-Roth_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roth-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Active chilled beam systems are effective to the point where outdoor air can be mixed with the indoor air without any traditional air conditioning (such as heating, cooling, humidifying, or dehumidifying), thus enabling a building to meet its "minimum outdoor air" air quality requirement.<sup id="cite_ref-Roth_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roth-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chilled beam cooling systems require water to be treated by heating and cooling systems. Generally, water in a passive chilled beam system is cooled to about 16 to 19 °C (61 to 66 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sisle_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sisle-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In active chilled beam heating systems, water temperature is usually 40 to 50 °C (104 to 122 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-Ought223_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ought223-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Chilled beam heating systems usually cannot rely solely on convection, however, and often require a fan-driven primary air circulation system to force the warmer air to the ground where most people sit and work.)<sup id="cite_ref-Ought223_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ought223-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are effectiveness and cost differences between passive and active beam systems. Passive chilled beam systems can supply about 5.6 to 6.5 <a href="/wiki/Watt" title="Watt">watts</a> per foot (60 to 70 watts per meter) of <a href="/wiki/Cooling_capacity" title="Cooling capacity">cooling capacity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Roth_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roth-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Active chilled beam systems are about twice as effective.<sup id="cite_ref-Roth_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roth-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In both cases, convection is so efficient that the ratio of incoming air to heated/cooled air can be as high as 6:1.<sup id="cite_ref-Darren_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Darren-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, studies of the energy cost-savings of active versus passive chilled beam systems remain inconclusive as of 2007, and appear to be highly dependent on the specific building.<sup id="cite_ref-Roth_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roth-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An important consideration in the implementation of chilled beam systems is the amount of air that will need to be supplied to a zone based on code requirements (which chilled beam systems may not be able to achieve) and the dehumidification requirements. Schools, offices, and hotels/dormitories are three program types that can benefit from the use of chilled beams, because the decreased <a href="/wiki/Plenum_space" title="Plenum space">plenum space</a> allows for taller ceilings and the decreased fan lowers noise levels which is beneficial for learning, work, and sleep. In contrast, hospital patient rooms require higher air quality levels, and thus need more ventilation than cooling and heating load than a chilled beam system is able to supply.<sup id="cite_ref-REHVA_Guidebook_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-REHVA_Guidebook-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Physics_Background">Physics Background</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chilled_beam&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Physics Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Water can carry significantly more energy than air, and is approximately 800 times denser than standard air.<sup id="cite_ref-REHVA_Guidebook_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-REHVA_Guidebook-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although 1 cubic foot (0.028 m<sup>3</sup>) of air has a <a href="/wiki/Heat_capacity" title="Heat capacity">capacity to hold heat</a> of 37 <a href="/wiki/Joule" title="Joule">joules</a> per <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">kelvin</a> (JK<sup>−1</sup>), the same volume of water has a heat capacity of 20,050 JK<sup>−1</sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-Geary_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Geary-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A metal pipe of water just 1 inch (2.5 cm) in diameter can carry as much energy as an 18-by-18-inch (46 by 46 cm) metal duct of air.<sup id="cite_ref-Geary_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Geary-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This means that chilled beam HVAC systems require much less energy to provide the same heating and cooling effect as a traditional air HVAC system. </p><p>The total cooling capacity of a chilled beam is found through the primary air (<span class="texhtml"><i>P</i><sub><i>a</i></sub></span>) and coil cooling capacity (<span class="texhtml"><i>P</i><sub><i>w</i></sub></span>) values: <span class="texhtml"><i>P</i>= <i>P</i><sub><i>a</i></sub> + <i>P</i><sub><i>w</i></sub></span> <sup id="cite_ref-REHVA_Guidebook_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-REHVA_Guidebook-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In design practice it is common to see the chilled beam water side cooling capacity estimated with the following equation: <span class="texhtml"><i>P</i><sub><i>w</i></sub> = <i>Q</i><sub><i>m</i></sub> <i>c</i><sub><i>w</i></sub> (<i>t</i><sub><i>w2</i></sub> - <i>t</i><sub><i>w1</i></sub>)</span> where <span class="texhtml"> <i>Q</i><sub><i>m</i></sub></span> is the mass flow rate of water <span class="texhtml"> <i>c</i><sub><i>w</i></sub></span> is the specific heat capacity of water <span class="texhtml"> <i>t</i><sub><i>w2</i></sub></span> is the water temperature exiting the coil <span class="texhtml"> <i>t</i><sub><i>w1</i></sub></span> is the water temperature entering the coil <sup id="cite_ref-REHVA_Guidebook_12-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-REHVA_Guidebook-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Advantages_and_disadvantages">Advantages and disadvantages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chilled_beam&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Advantages and disadvantages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The primary advantage of the chilled beam system is its lower operating cost because the system requires much less energy to provide the same heating and cooling effect as a traditional air HVAC system. Water can provide the same cooling ability as air without needing to be cooled as low in temperature, saving energy. <sup id="cite_ref-Sisle_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sisle-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gelfand_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gelfand-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because cooling and heating of air are no longer linked to the delivery of air, buildings can save money by running fewer air circulation fans at lower speeds.<sup id="cite_ref-Roth_8-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roth-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One estimate places the amount of air handled at 25 to 50 percent less using chilled beam systems.<sup id="cite_ref-Darren_11-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Darren-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By targeting the delivery of clean outdoor air where it is needed (rather than injecting it into the entire system to heat and cool), there is a reduced need to treat large amounts of outdoor air (which saves money).<sup id="cite_ref-Roth_8-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roth-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In one case, the Genomic Science Building at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Carolina" title="University of North Carolina">University of North Carolina</a> at Chapel Hill lowered its HVAC costs by 20 percent with an active chilled beam system.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is a typical energy cost savings.<sup id="cite_ref-Roth_8-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roth-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chilled beam systems also have some advantages in that they are almost noiseless,<sup id="cite_ref-Darren_11-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Darren-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> require little maintenance, and are highly efficient.<sup id="cite_ref-Hundy_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hundy-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mum_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mum-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Traditional fan-driven HVAC systems create somewhat higher air velocities,<sup id="cite_ref-Mum_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mum-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which some people find uncomfortable. Chilled beam HVAC systems also require less ceiling space than forced-air HVAC systems, which can lead to lower building heights and higher ceilings.<sup id="cite_ref-Sisle_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sisle-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gelfand_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gelfand-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since they do not require high forced air flows, they do require reduced air distribution duct networks (which also helps to lower cost).<sup id="cite_ref-Sisle_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sisle-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gelfand_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gelfand-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chilled beam systems are not a panacea. Additional ductwork may be needed to meet minimum outdoor air requirements.<sup id="cite_ref-Roth_8-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roth-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both types of chilled beam systems are less effective at heating than cooling, and supplementary heating systems are often needed.<sup id="cite_ref-Roth_8-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roth-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chilled beam systems cannot be used alone in buildings where the ceilings are higher than 2.7 metres (8.9 ft), because the air will not properly circulate.<sup id="cite_ref-Ought223_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ought223-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A forced-air circulation system must be employed in such cases. Chilled beams do not typically contain a condensate drainage system so If the water temperature is too low or humidity is high, condensation on the beam can occur—leading to a problem known as "internal rain."<sup id="cite_ref-Gelfand_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gelfand-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hundy_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hundy-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (In some cases, drier outside air can be mixed with the wetter inside air to reduce interior humidity levels while maintaining system performance.)<sup id="cite_ref-Darren_11-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Darren-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chilled beam systems are not recommended for areas with high humidity (such as theaters, gymnasiums, or cafeterias).<sup id="cite_ref-Gelfand_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gelfand-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because they are less effective at cooling, passive chilled beam systems are generally ill-suited for semi-tropical and tropical climates.<sup id="cite_ref-Roth_8-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roth-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hospitals generally cannot use chilled beam systems because of restrictions on using recirculated air.<sup id="cite_ref-Darren_11-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Darren-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chilled beam systems are also known to cause noticeable air circulation which can make some people uncomfortable.<sup id="cite_ref-Beggs_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beggs-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Passive air deflection devices can help disrupt these air patterns, alleviating the problem.)<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some designers have found that enlarging the ducts around active chilled beam systems to increase air circulation causes echoes in working areas and amplifies the sound of water moving through the pipes to noticeable levels.<sup id="cite_ref-Darren_11-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Darren-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since chilled beams are water-based systems, piping (both supply and return) and control valves should be field-installed to distribute chilled water to multiple beams in every space of the building. This increases installation costs, while also increasing the risk of water leaks due to the increased pipe connections.<sup id="cite_ref-Roth_8-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roth-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chilled beams were found to achieve acceptable thermal uniformity (with one paper by Rhee et al finding the Vertical Thermal Difference to be less than 1°C while using a small air flow rate, which saves energy. But around perimeter zones the increased cooling load can increase causing a negative impact on the thermal uniformity.<sup id="cite_ref-Rhee_et_al_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rhee_et_al-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A solution for this, used by some designers is to install one chilled beam system around the building perimeter (where temperature differences can be the greatest) and another in the interior of the building, to better control temperature throughout the structure.<sup id="cite_ref-Darren_11-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Darren-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adoption">Adoption</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chilled_beam&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Adoption"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The multiservice chilled beam is a relatively new form of the chilled beam. Developed in 1996, it incorporates computer and electrical wiring, lighting, motion-detection sensors, and sprinklers into the chilled beam unit.<sup id="cite_ref-MBS_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MBS-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The multiservice chilled beam was first installed at the <a href="/wiki/Barclaycard" title="Barclaycard">Barclaycard</a> building in <a href="/wiki/Northampton" title="Northampton">Northampton</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, but has since been used at the headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Lloyd%27s_Register" title="Lloyd's Register">Lloyd's Register</a> (<a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>), <a href="/wiki/Airbus_UK" title="Airbus UK">Airbus UK</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a>), and the <a href="/wiki/City_Hall,_Southwark" class="mw-redirect" title="City Hall, Southwark">Greater London Authority</a>; Riverside House (London); <a href="/wiki/Empress_State_Building" title="Empress State Building">Empress State Building</a> (London); <a href="/wiki/55_Baker_Street" class="mw-redirect" title="55 Baker Street">55 Baker Street</a> (London)<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 101 New Cavendish Street (London).<sup id="cite_ref-MBS_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MBS-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2007, chilled beam HVAC systems were used more widely in Australia and Europe than in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-Roth_8-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roth-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But the system has had increased use in U.S. markets as of 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-ACHR_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACHR-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Australia, the system was first used in 30 The Bond, Sydney which was the first building in Australia to achieve the rating of 5 stars ABGR.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chilled beam HVAC systems have been used at <a href="/wiki/Heathrow_Terminal_5" title="Heathrow Terminal 5">Heathrow Terminal 5</a><sup id="cite_ref-Terminal_5_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Terminal_5-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Nassif_Building" class="mw-redirect" title="Nassif Building">Constitution Center</a> (the largest private office building in Washington, D.C.).<sup id="cite_ref-BeamsinDC_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BeamsinDC-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The system has also received prominent use at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Business_School" title="Harvard Business School">Harvard Business School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wellesley_College" title="Wellesley College">Wellesley College</a>, and the American headquarters of the pharmaceutical company <a href="/wiki/AstraZeneca" title="AstraZeneca">AstraZeneca</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BeamsinDC_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BeamsinDC-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chilled_beam&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Oughton, Hodkinson, and Faber, 2008, p. 222-224.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAmerican_Society_of_Heating2020" class="citation book cs1">American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://app.knovel.com/hotlink/pdf/id:kt012H1T49/ashrae-handbook-hvac/chilled-beams"><i>2020 ASHRAE handbook : heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning systems and equipment</i></a>. Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers American Society of Heating. American Society of Heating Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers Incorporated (ASHRAE). p. 20.12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5231-3507-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5231-3507-3"><bdi>978-1-5231-3507-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=2020+ASHRAE+handbook+%3A+heating%2C+ventilating%2C+and+air-conditioning+systems+and+equipment&rft.pages=20.12&rft.pub=American+Society+of+Heating+Refrigerating+and+Air-Conditioning+Engineers+Incorporated+%28ASHRAE%29&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1-5231-3507-3&rft.aulast=American+Society+of+Heating&rft.aufirst=Refrigerating+and+Air-Conditioning+Engineers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapp.knovel.com%2Fhotlink%2Fpdf%2Fid%3Akt012H1T49%2Fashrae-handbook-hvac%2Fchilled-beams&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChilled+beam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Price-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Price_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Price, 2011, <i>Engineer's HVAC Handbook</i>, p. 1067, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9868802-0-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9868802-0-9">978-0-9868802-0-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2012_ASHRAE_Handbook-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2012_ASHRAE_Handbook_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>2012 ASHRAE Handbook HVAC Systems and Equipment</i>, ASHRAE, 2012, p. 20.9, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-936504-25-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-936504-25-1">978-1-936504-25-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HamWat158-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HamWat158_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HamWat158_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hamilton and Watkins, 2009, p. 158.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Levermore, 2000, p. 407.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cibsejournal.com/cpd/modules/2014-06/">"Module 65: Applying chilled beams to reduce building total carbon footprint"</a>. <i>CIBSE Journal</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-02-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CIBSE+Journal&rft.atitle=Module+65%3A+Applying+chilled+beams+to+reduce+building+total+carbon+footprint&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cibsejournal.com%2Fcpd%2Fmodules%2F2014-06%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChilled+beam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Roth-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Roth_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Roth_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Roth_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Roth_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Roth_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Roth_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Roth_8-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Roth_8-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Roth_8-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Roth_8-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Roth_8-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Roth_8-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Roth_8-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Roth_8-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Roth_8-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Roth_8-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Roth, Kurt; Dieckmann, John; Zogg, Robert; and Brodrick, James. "Chilled Beam Cooling." <i>ASHRAE Journal.</i> September 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Beggs-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Beggs_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beggs_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beggs_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beggs_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Beggs, 2009, p. 271.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theseverngroup.com/chilled-beam-vs-chilled-ceiling/">Chilled beam vs. chilled ceiling, Severn Group|accessed June 2019</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Darren-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Darren_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Darren_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Darren_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Darren_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Darren_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Darren_11-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Darren_11-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Darren_11-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Darren_11-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Darren_11-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Darren_11-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Darren_11-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Alexander, Darren and O'Rourke, Mike. "Design Considerations For Active Chilled Beams." <i>ASHRAE Journal.</i> September 1, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-REHVA_Guidebook-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-REHVA_Guidebook_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-REHVA_Guidebook_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-REHVA_Guidebook_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-REHVA_Guidebook_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-REHVA_Guidebook_12-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-REHVA_Guidebook_12-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-REHVA_Guidebook_12-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Woollett, John Rimmer, Julian. REHVA Guidebook No. 21 - Active and Passive Beam Application Design Guide, 2015, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2930521147" title="Special:BookSources/2930521147">2930521147</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ought223-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ought223_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ought223_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ought223_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ought223_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Oughton, Hodkinson, and Faber, 2008, p. 223.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hare and Fisher, 2000, p. 246.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sisle-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sisle_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sisle_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sisle_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sisle_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sisle, Leonard, and Weiss, 2010, p. 152.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Geary-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Geary_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geary_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.engr.psu.edu/ae/thesis/portfolios/2011/msg5039/Preliminary_Proposal%5B1%5D.pdf">Geary, 2010, p. 9.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gelfand-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gelfand_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gelfand_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gelfand_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gelfand_17-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gelfand_17-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gelfand and Freed, 2010, p. 146.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.laboratoryequipment.com/article-active-chilled-beam-lowers-energy.aspx">Studt, Tim. "Active Chilled Beam Lowers Energy Use by 20%." <i>Laboratory Equipment.</i> August 1, 2008.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110713180423/http://www.laboratoryequipment.com/article-active-chilled-beam-lowers-energy.aspx">Archived</a> July 13, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hundy-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hundy_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hundy_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hundy, Trott, and Welch, 2008, p. 316.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mum-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mum_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mum_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mumovic and Santamouris, 2009, p. 251.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hall and Greeno, 2009, p. 240.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Awbi, 2003, p. 87.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rhee_et_al-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rhee_et_al_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rhee, Kyu-Nam, Mi-Su Shin, and Sun-Ho Choi, “Thermal Uniformity in an Open Plan Room with an Active Chilled Beam System and Conventional Air Distribution Systems.” Energy and Buildings 93, April 15, 2015, 236–48, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.01.068">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.01.068</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MBS-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MBS_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MBS_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.modbs.co.uk/news/fullstory.php/aid/512/Exploiting_the_value_of_multi-service_chilled_beams.html">"Exploiting the Value of Multi-Service Chilled Beams." <i>Modern Building Services.</i> November 2004.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHill" class="citation web cs1">Hill, C. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120316140015/http://www.lrp.co.uk/uk/development.php?subsection=55%20Baker%20St,%20London%20W1">"Chilled Beams"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lrp.co.uk/uk/development.php?subsection=55%20Baker%20St%2C%20London%20W1">the original</a> on 16 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chilled+Beams&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=C&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lrp.co.uk%2Fuk%2Fdevelopment.php%3Fsubsection%3D55%2520Baker%2520St%252C%2520London%2520W1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChilled+beam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHill" class="citation web cs1">Hill, C. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110810132136/http://101newcavendishstreet.com/index.html">"Chilled Beam"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://101newcavendishstreet.com/index.html">the original</a> on 10 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chilled+Beam&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=C&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F101newcavendishstreet.com%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChilled+beam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ACHR-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ACHR_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chilled Beam Applications Grow in U.S. Market, June 6, 2020 ACHR News.” Accessed November 14, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.achrnews.com/articles/143268-chilled-beam-applications-grow-in-us-market">https://www.achrnews.com/articles/143268-chilled-beam-applications-grow-in-us-market</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHill" class="citation web cs1">Hill, C. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110410063736/http://www.bovislendlease.com/llweb/llc/main.nsf/all/fp_thebond">"Chilled Beam"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bovislendlease.com/llweb/llc/main.nsf/all/fp_thebond">the original</a> on 10 April 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chilled+Beam&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=C&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bovislendlease.com%2Fllweb%2Fllc%2Fmain.nsf%2Fall%2Ffp_thebond&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChilled+beam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHill" class="citation web cs1">Hill, C. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cundall.com/Default.asp?Page=292">"Chilled Beam"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chilled+Beam&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=C&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cundall.com%2FDefault.asp%3FPage%3D292&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChilled+beam" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged June 2019">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Terminal_5-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Terminal_5_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.modern-building-services.co.uk/news/fullstory.php/aid/4010/The_chilled_beams_now__arriving_at_Terminal_5.html">"The Chilled Beams Now Arriving at Terminal 5." <i>Modern Building Services.</i> November 2007.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BeamsinDC-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BeamsinDC_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BeamsinDC_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://washington.bizjournals.com/washington/stories/2007/11/26/focus4.html">Fruehling, Douglas. "Chilled Beam System Comes to D.C." <i>Washington Business Journal.</i> November 26, 2007.</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chilled_beam&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Awbi, Hazim B. <i>Ventilation of Buildings.</i> Florence, Ky.: Taylor & Francis, 2003.</li> <li>Beggs, Clive. <i>Energy: Management, Supply and Conservation.</i> London: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, 2009.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.engr.psu.edu/ae/thesis/portfolios/2011/msg5039/Preliminary_Proposal%5B1%5D.pdf">Geary, Matthew. <i>Preliminary Final Proposal: Mechanical System Re-design and Breadth Topics. Butler Memorial Hospital: New Inpatient Tower.</i> Senior Capstone Project – Mechanical Option. School of Engineering. Pennsylvania State University. December 10, 2010.</a></li> <li>Gelfand, Lisa and Freed, Eric Corey. <i>Sustainable School Architecture: Design for Primary and Secondary Schools.</i> Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons, 2010.</li> <li>Hall, F. and Greeno, Roger. <i>Building Services Handbook.</i> London: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2009.</li> <li>Hamilton, D. Kirk and Watkins, David H. <i>Evidence-Based Design for Multiple Building Types.</i> Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley and Sons, 2009.</li> <li>Hare, Nicholas and Fisher, Peter. "Speculative Office in Milton Keynes." In <i>Architecture, City, Environment: Proceedings of PLEA 2000.</i> Koen Steemers, ed. London: James & James, 2000.</li> <li>Hundy, G.F.; Trott, A.R.; and Welch, T. <i>Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning.</i> Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann/Elsevier, 2008.</li> <li>Levermore, G.J. <i>Building Energy Management Systems: Applications to Low-Energy HVAC and Natural Ventilation Control.</i> Florence, Ky.: Taylor & Francis, 2000.</li> <li>Mumovic, Dejan and Santamouris, M. <i>A Handbook of Sustainable Building Design and Engineering: An Integrated Approach to Energy, Health and Operational Performance.</i> Sterling, Va.: Earthscan, 2009.</li> <li>Oughton, D.R.; Hodkinson, S., and Faber, Oscar. <i>Faber & Kell's Heating and Air-Conditioning of Buildings.</i> London: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2008.</li> <li>Sisle, Ellen; Leonard, Paul; and Weiss, Jonathan A. <i>Sustainable Design of Research Laboratories: Planning, Design, and Operation.</i> Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons, 2010.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Heating,_ventilation,_and_air_conditioning" style="vertical-align: middle;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:HVAC" title="Template:HVAC"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:HVAC" title="Template talk:HVAC"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:HVAC" title="Special:EditPage/Template:HVAC"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Heating,_ventilation,_and_air_conditioning" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Heating,_ventilation,_and_air_conditioning" title="Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning">Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fundamental <br />concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_changes_per_hour" title="Air changes per hour">Air changes per hour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bake-out" title="Bake-out">Bake-out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building_envelope" title="Building envelope">Building envelope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convection" title="Convection">Convection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dilution_(equation)" title="Dilution (equation)">Dilution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_energy_consumption" title="Domestic energy consumption">Domestic energy consumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enthalpy" title="Enthalpy">Enthalpy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluid_dynamics" title="Fluid dynamics">Fluid dynamics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_compressor" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas compressor">Gas compressor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_pump_and_refrigeration_cycle" title="Heat pump and refrigeration cycle">Heat pump and refrigeration cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_transfer" title="Heat transfer">Heat transfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humidity" title="Humidity">Humidity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infiltration_(HVAC)" title="Infiltration (HVAC)">Infiltration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latent_heat" title="Latent heat">Latent heat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_control" title="Noise control">Noise control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outgassing" title="Outgassing">Outgassing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Particulates" title="Particulates">Particulates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychrometrics" title="Psychrometrics">Psychrometrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensible_heat" title="Sensible heat">Sensible heat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stack_effect" title="Stack effect">Stack effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_comfort" title="Thermal comfort">Thermal comfort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_destratification" title="Thermal destratification">Thermal destratification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_mass" title="Thermal mass">Thermal mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermodynamics" title="Thermodynamics">Thermodynamics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vapour_pressure_of_water" title="Vapour pressure of water">Vapour pressure of water</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absorption-compression_heat_pump" title="Absorption-compression heat pump">Absorption-compression heat pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Absorption_refrigerator" title="Absorption refrigerator">Absorption refrigerator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_barrier" title="Air barrier">Air barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_conditioning" title="Air conditioning">Air conditioning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antifreeze" title="Antifreeze">Antifreeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automobile_air_conditioning" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobile air conditioning">Automobile air conditioning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_building" title="Autonomous building">Autonomous building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building_insulation_material" title="Building insulation material">Building insulation materials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_heating" title="Central heating">Central heating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_solar_heating" title="Central solar heating">Central solar heating</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chilled beam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilled_water" title="Chilled water">Chilled water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constant_air_volume" title="Constant air volume">Constant air volume</a> (CAV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coolant" title="Coolant">Coolant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_ventilation" title="Cross ventilation">Cross ventilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dedicated_outdoor_air_system" title="Dedicated outdoor air system">Dedicated outdoor air system</a> (DOAS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_water_source_cooling" title="Deep water source cooling">Deep water source cooling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demand_controlled_ventilation" title="Demand controlled ventilation">Demand controlled ventilation</a> (DCV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Displacement_ventilation" title="Displacement ventilation">Displacement ventilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_cooling" title="District cooling">District cooling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_heating" title="District heating">District heating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_heating" title="Electric heating">Electric heating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_recovery_ventilation" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy recovery ventilation">Energy recovery ventilation</a> (ERV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firestop" title="Firestop">Firestop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced-air" title="Forced-air">Forced-air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced-air_gas" title="Forced-air gas">Forced-air gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_cooling" title="Free cooling">Free cooling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_recovery_ventilation" title="Heat recovery ventilation">Heat recovery ventilation</a> (HRV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hybrid_heat" title="Hybrid heat">Hybrid heat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydronics" title="Hydronics">Hydronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_storage_air_conditioning" title="Ice storage air conditioning">Ice storage air conditioning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_ventilation" title="Kitchen ventilation">Kitchen ventilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed-mode_ventilation" title="Mixed-mode ventilation">Mixed-mode ventilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microgeneration" title="Microgeneration">Microgeneration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passive_cooling" title="Passive cooling">Passive cooling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passive_daytime_radiative_cooling" title="Passive daytime radiative cooling">Passive daytime radiative cooling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passive_house" title="Passive house">Passive house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passive_ventilation" title="Passive ventilation">Passive ventilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiant_heating_and_cooling" title="Radiant heating and cooling">Radiant heating and cooling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiant_cooling" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiant cooling">Radiant cooling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiant_heating" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiant heating">Radiant heating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radon_mitigation" title="Radon mitigation">Radon mitigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refrigeration" title="Refrigeration">Refrigeration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_heat" title="Renewable heat">Renewable heat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Room_air_distribution" title="Room air distribution">Room air distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_air_heat" title="Solar air heat">Solar air heat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_combisystem" title="Solar combisystem">Solar combisystem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_cooling" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar cooling">Solar cooling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_heating" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar heating">Solar heating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_insulation" title="Thermal insulation">Thermal insulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermosiphon" title="Thermosiphon">Thermosiphon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underfloor_air_distribution" title="Underfloor air distribution">Underfloor air distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underfloor_heating" title="Underfloor heating">Underfloor heating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vapor_barrier" title="Vapor barrier">Vapor barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vapor-compression_refrigeration" title="Vapor-compression refrigeration">Vapor-compression refrigeration</a> (VCRS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variable_air_volume" title="Variable air volume">Variable air volume</a> (VAV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variable_refrigerant_flow" title="Variable refrigerant flow">Variable refrigerant flow</a> (VRF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventilation_(architecture)" title="Ventilation (architecture)">Ventilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_heat_recycling" title="Water heat recycling">Water heat recycling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_conditioner_inverter" class="mw-redirect" title="Air conditioner inverter">Air conditioner inverter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_door" title="Air door">Air door</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_filter" title="Air filter">Air filter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_handler" title="Air handler">Air handler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_ioniser" title="Air ioniser">Air ionizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air-mixing_plenum" title="Air-mixing plenum">Air-mixing plenum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_purifier" title="Air purifier">Air purifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_source_heat_pump" title="Air source heat pump">Air source heat pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attic_fan" title="Attic fan">Attic fan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automatic_balancing_valve" title="Automatic balancing valve">Automatic balancing valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back_boiler" title="Back boiler">Back boiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrier_pipe" title="Barrier pipe">Barrier pipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blast_damper" title="Blast damper">Blast damper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boiler" title="Boiler">Boiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centrifugal_fan" title="Centrifugal fan">Centrifugal fan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceramic_heater" title="Ceramic heater">Ceramic heater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiller" title="Chiller">Chiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condensate_pump" title="Condensate pump">Condensate pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condenser_(heat_transfer)" title="Condenser (heat transfer)">Condenser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condensing_boiler" title="Condensing boiler">Condensing boiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convection_heater" title="Convection heater">Convection heater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compressor" title="Compressor">Compressor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooling_tower" title="Cooling tower">Cooling tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damper_(flow)" title="Damper (flow)">Damper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehumidifier" title="Dehumidifier">Dehumidifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duct_(flow)" title="Duct (flow)">Duct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economizer" title="Economizer">Economizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrostatic_precipitator" title="Electrostatic precipitator">Electrostatic precipitator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evaporative_cooler" title="Evaporative cooler">Evaporative cooler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evaporator" title="Evaporator">Evaporator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exhaust_hood" class="mw-redirect" title="Exhaust hood">Exhaust hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expansion_tank" title="Expansion tank">Expansion tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_(machine)" title="Fan (machine)">Fan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_coil_unit" title="Fan coil unit">Fan coil unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_filter_unit" title="Fan filter unit">Fan filter unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_heater" title="Fan heater">Fan heater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_damper" title="Fire damper">Fire damper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fireplace" title="Fireplace">Fireplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fireplace_insert" title="Fireplace insert">Fireplace insert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeze_stat" title="Freeze stat">Freeze stat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flue" title="Flue">Flue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freon" title="Freon">Freon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fume_hood" title="Fume hood">Fume hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furnace_(house_heating)" class="mw-redirect" title="Furnace (house heating)">Furnace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_compressor" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas compressor">Gas compressor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_heater" title="Gas heater">Gas heater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gasoline_heater" title="Gasoline heater">Gasoline heater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grease_duct" title="Grease duct">Grease duct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grille_(architecture)" title="Grille (architecture)">Grille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground-coupled_heat_exchanger" title="Ground-coupled heat exchanger">Ground-coupled heat exchanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground_source_heat_pump" title="Ground source heat pump">Ground source heat pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_exchanger" title="Heat exchanger">Heat exchanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_pipe" title="Heat pipe">Heat pipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_pump" title="Heat pump">Heat pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heating_film" title="Heating film">Heating film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heating_system" title="Heating system">Heating system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HEPA" title="HEPA">HEPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_efficiency_glandless_circulating_pump" title="High efficiency glandless circulating pump">High efficiency glandless circulating pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-pressure_cut-off_switch" class="mw-redirect" title="High-pressure cut-off switch">High-pressure cut-off switch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humidifier" title="Humidifier">Humidifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrared_heater" title="Infrared heater">Infrared heater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverter_compressor" title="Inverter compressor">Inverter compressor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerosene_heater" title="Kerosene heater">Kerosene heater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louver" title="Louver">Louver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanical_room" title="Mechanical room">Mechanical room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_heater" title="Oil heater">Oil heater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packaged_terminal_air_conditioner" title="Packaged terminal air conditioner">Packaged terminal air conditioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plenum_space" title="Plenum space">Plenum space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pressurisation_ductwork" title="Pressurisation ductwork">Pressurisation ductwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process_duct_work" title="Process duct work">Process duct work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiator_(heating)" title="Radiator (heating)">Radiator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiator_reflector" title="Radiator reflector">Radiator reflector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recuperator" title="Recuperator">Recuperator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refrigerant" title="Refrigerant">Refrigerant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Register_(air_and_heating)" title="Register (air and heating)">Register</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reversing_valve" title="Reversing valve">Reversing valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Run-around_coil" title="Run-around coil">Run-around coil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sail_switch" title="Sail switch">Sail switch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scroll_compressor" title="Scroll compressor">Scroll compressor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_chimney" title="Solar chimney">Solar chimney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar-assisted_heat_pump" title="Solar-assisted heat pump">Solar-assisted heat pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_heater" title="Space heater">Space heater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoke_canopy" title="Smoke canopy">Smoke canopy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoke_damper" title="Smoke damper">Smoke damper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoke_exhaust_ductwork" title="Smoke exhaust ductwork">Smoke exhaust ductwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_expansion_valve" title="Thermal expansion valve">Thermal expansion valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_wheel" title="Thermal wheel">Thermal wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermostatic_radiator_valve" title="Thermostatic radiator valve">Thermostatic radiator valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trickle_vent" title="Trickle vent">Trickle vent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trombe_wall" title="Trombe wall">Trombe wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TurboSwing" title="TurboSwing">TurboSwing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turning_vanes_(HVAC)" title="Turning vanes (HVAC)">Turning vanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-low_particulate_air" title="Ultra-low particulate air">Ultra-low particulate air</a> (ULPA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whole-house_fan" title="Whole-house fan">Whole-house fan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windcatcher" title="Windcatcher">Windcatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood-burning_stove" title="Wood-burning stove">Wood-burning stove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zone_valve" title="Zone valve">Zone valve</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Measurement<br />and control</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_flow_meter" title="Air flow meter">Air flow meter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquastat" title="Aquastat">Aquastat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BACnet" title="BACnet">BACnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blower_door" title="Blower door">Blower door</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building_automation" title="Building automation">Building automation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide_sensor" title="Carbon dioxide sensor">Carbon dioxide sensor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clean_air_delivery_rate" title="Clean air delivery rate">Clean air delivery rate</a> (CADR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Control_valve" title="Control valve">Control valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_detector" title="Gas detector">Gas detector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_energy_monitor" title="Home energy monitor">Home energy monitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humidistat" title="Humidistat">Humidistat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HVAC_control_system" title="HVAC control system">HVAC control system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrared_thermometer" title="Infrared thermometer">Infrared thermometer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligent_buildings" class="mw-redirect" title="Intelligent buildings">Intelligent buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LonWorks" title="LonWorks">LonWorks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimum_efficiency_reporting_value" title="Minimum efficiency reporting value">Minimum efficiency reporting value</a> (MERV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normal_temperature_and_pressure" class="mw-redirect" title="Normal temperature and pressure">Normal temperature and pressure</a> (NTP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenTherm" title="OpenTherm">OpenTherm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programmable_communicating_thermostat" title="Programmable communicating thermostat">Programmable communicating thermostat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programmable_thermostat" title="Programmable thermostat">Programmable thermostat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychrometrics" title="Psychrometrics">Psychrometrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Room_temperature" title="Room temperature">Room temperature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_thermostat" title="Smart thermostat">Smart thermostat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_temperature_and_pressure" title="Standard temperature and pressure">Standard temperature and pressure</a> (STP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermographic_camera" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermographic camera">Thermographic camera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermostat" title="Thermostat">Thermostat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermostatic_radiator_valve" title="Thermostatic radiator valve">Thermostatic radiator valve</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Professions,<br />trades,<br />and services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_acoustics" title="Architectural acoustics">Architectural acoustics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_engineering" title="Architectural engineering">Architectural engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_technologist" title="Architectural technologist">Architectural technologist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building_services_engineering" title="Building services engineering">Building services engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building_information_modeling" title="Building information modeling">Building information modeling</a> (BIM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_energy_retrofit" title="Deep energy retrofit">Deep energy retrofit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duct_cleaning" class="mw-redirect" title="Duct cleaning">Duct cleaning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duct_leakage_testing" title="Duct leakage testing">Duct leakage testing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_engineering" title="Environmental engineering">Environmental engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydronic_balancing" title="Hydronic balancing">Hydronic balancing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_exhaust_cleaning" title="Kitchen exhaust cleaning">Kitchen exhaust cleaning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanical_engineering" title="Mechanical engineering">Mechanical engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanical,_electrical,_and_plumbing" title="Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing">Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mold_growth,_assessment,_and_remediation" class="mw-redirect" title="Mold growth, assessment, and remediation">Mold growth, assessment, and remediation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refrigerant_reclamation" title="Refrigerant reclamation">Refrigerant reclamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testing,_adjusting,_balancing" title="Testing, adjusting, balancing">Testing, adjusting, balancing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industry <br />organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Conditioning,_Heating_and_Refrigeration_Institute" title="Air Conditioning, Heating and Refrigeration Institute">AHRI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Movement_and_Control_Association" title="Air Movement and Control Association">AMCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASHRAE" title="ASHRAE">ASHRAE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASTM_International" title="ASTM International">ASTM International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building_Research_Establishment" title="Building Research Establishment">BRE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSRIA" title="BSRIA">BSRIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartered_Institution_of_Building_Services_Engineers" title="Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers">CIBSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Refrigeration" title="Institute of Refrigeration">Institute of Refrigeration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Institute_of_Refrigeration" title="International Institute of Refrigeration">IIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leadership_in_Energy_and_Environmental_Design" class="mw-redirect" title="Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design">LEED</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheet_Metal_and_Air_Conditioning_Contractors%27_National_Association" title="Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors' National Association">SMACNA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniform_Mechanical_Code" title="Uniform Mechanical Code">UMC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Health and safety</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_air_quality" title="Indoor air quality">Indoor air quality</a> (IAQ)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passive_smoking" title="Passive smoking">Passive smoking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sick_building_syndrome" title="Sick building syndrome">Sick building syndrome</a> (SBS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volatile_organic_compound" title="Volatile organic compound">Volatile organic compound</a> (VOC)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASHRAE_Handbook" title="ASHRAE Handbook">ASHRAE Handbook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building_science" title="Building science">Building science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fireproofing" title="Fireproofing">Fireproofing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_HVAC_terms" title="Glossary of HVAC terms">Glossary of HVAC terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warm_Spaces" title="Warm Spaces">Warm Spaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Refrigeration_Day" title="World Refrigeration Day">World Refrigeration Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Home_automation" title="Template:Home automation">Template:Home automation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Solar_energy" title="Template:Solar energy">Template:Solar energy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5099024#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh2014002809">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007405767605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chilled_beam&oldid=1252892186">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chilled_beam&oldid=1252892186</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Heating,_ventilation,_and_air_conditioning" title="Category:Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning">Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_June_2019" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from June 2019">Articles with dead external links from June 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 23 October 2024, at 11:40<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chilled_beam&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-78fc6dc798-kmfsr","wgBackendResponseTime":158,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.553","walltime":"0.659","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2507,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":48473,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2207,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":2,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":65130,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 542.922 1 -total"," 48.81% 264.978 1 Template:Reflist"," 22.02% 119.552 1 Template:HVAC"," 21.21% 115.154 1 Template:Navbox"," 19.30% 104.785 1 Template:Cite_book"," 11.29% 61.270 13 Template:Convert"," 7.58% 41.150 1 Template:Dead_link"," 7.49% 40.662 1 Template:Authority_control"," 6.56% 35.600 1 Template:Fix"," 6.06% 32.886 3 Template:ISBN"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.292","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6451839,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.canary-5bd8ff6df6-8qggt","timestamp":"20241117065845","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Chilled beam","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chilled_beam","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q5099024","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q5099024","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2007-04-10T20:39:40Z","dateModified":"2024-10-23T11:40:56Z"}</script> </body> </html>