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equipment needed besides the power plant</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Extra_equipment_needed_besides_the_power_plant-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Energy_storage_apparatus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energy_storage_apparatus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Energy storage apparatus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energy_storage_apparatus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Safety_equipment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Safety_equipment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Safety equipment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Safety_equipment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wind_turbine_specific" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wind_turbine_specific"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3</span> <span>Wind turbine specific</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wind_turbine_specific-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vibro-wind_power" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vibro-wind_power"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3.1</span> <span>Vibro-wind power</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vibro-wind_power-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Possible_set-ups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Possible_set-ups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Possible set-ups</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Possible_set-ups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Costs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Costs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Costs</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Costs-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Costs subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Costs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Grid_parity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grid_parity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Grid parity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grid_parity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comparison_with_large-scale_generation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comparison_with_large-scale_generation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Comparison with large-scale generation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comparison_with_large-scale_generation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Domestic_self-sufficiency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Domestic_self-sufficiency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Domestic self-sufficiency</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Domestic_self-sufficiency-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Domestic self-sufficiency subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Domestic_self-sufficiency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fuel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fuel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Fuel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fuel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Government policy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government_policy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government policy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Alberta,_Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alberta,_Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Alberta, Canada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alberta,_Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Poland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle External links subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Systems'_self-sufficiency_parts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Systems'_self-sufficiency_parts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Systems' self-sufficiency parts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Systems'_self-sufficiency_parts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-UK-related" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#UK-related"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>UK-related</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-UK-related-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Academic_paper_focusing_on_India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academic_paper_focusing_on_India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Academic paper focusing on India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Academic_paper_focusing_on_India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" 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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microgeneraci%C3%B3n" title="Microgeneración – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Microgeneración" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3_%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%86%DA%A9" title="تولید در مقیاس کوچک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تولید در مقیاس کوچک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A2%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80" title="सूक्ष्मपीढ़ी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सूक्ष्मपीढ़ी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrogeneracija" title="Mikrogeneracija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mikrogeneracija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrogenerasi" title="Mikrogenerasi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mikrogenerasi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrogenerasi" title="Mikrogenerasi – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Mikrogenerasi" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microgera%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Microgeração – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Microgeração" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mala_elektrarna" title="Mala elektrarna – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mala elektrarna" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Small-scale heating and electric power creation</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dali-micro_windturbine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Dali-micro_windturbine.jpg/220px-Dali-micro_windturbine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Dali-micro_windturbine.jpg/330px-Dali-micro_windturbine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Dali-micro_windturbine.jpg/440px-Dali-micro_windturbine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>A group of small-scale <a href="/wiki/Small_wind_turbine" title="Small wind turbine">wind turbines</a> providing electricity to a community in <a href="/wiki/Dali_City" title="Dali City">Dali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a>, China</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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width:18.5em;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:transparent;padding:0.2em;font-size:145%;font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_energy" title="Sustainable energy">Sustainable energy</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:El-v-01_ubt.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wind turbines near Vendsyssel, Denmark (2004)"><img alt="A car drives past 4 wind turbines in a field, with more on the horizon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/El-v-01_ubt.jpeg/180px-El-v-01_ubt.jpeg" decoding="async" width="180" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/El-v-01_ubt.jpeg/270px-El-v-01_ubt.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/El-v-01_ubt.jpeg/360px-El-v-01_ubt.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="588" data-file-height="245" 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Anti-consumerism" title="Category:Anti-consumerism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Anti-consumerism" title="Anti-consumerism">Anti-consumerism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Theories and ideas</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asceticism" title="Asceticism">Asceticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affluenza" title="Affluenza">Affluenza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_culture" title="Alternative culture">Alternative culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-capitalism" title="Anti-capitalism">Anti-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_building" title="Autonomous building">Autonomous building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billboard_hacking" title="Billboard hacking">Billboard hacking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buyer%27s_remorse" title="Buyer's remorse">Buyer's remorse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermoeconomics" title="Thermoeconomics">Bioeconomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_economics" title="Buddhist economics">Buddhist economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buy_Nothing_Day" title="Buy Nothing Day">Buy Nothing Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaborative_consumption" title="Collaborative consumption">Collaborative consumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collapsology" title="Collapsology">Collapsology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodification" title="Commodification">Commodification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodity_fetishism" title="Commodity fetishism">Commodity fetishism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intentional_community" title="Intentional community">Commune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compulsive_buying_disorder" title="Compulsive buying disorder">Compulsive buying disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conspicuous_consumption" title="Conspicuous consumption">Conspicuous consumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_capitalism" title="Consumer capitalism">Consumer capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumerism" title="Consumerism">Consumerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conviviality" title="Conviviality">Conviviality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_advertising" title="Criticism of advertising">Criticism of advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_jamming" title="Culture jamming">Culture jamming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Do_it_yourself" title="Do it yourself">Do it yourself</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downshifting_(lifestyle)" title="Downshifting (lifestyle)">Downshifting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durable_good" title="Durable good">Durable good</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_Overshoot_Day" title="Earth Overshoot Day">Earth Overshoot Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_economics" title="Ecological economics">Ecological economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecovillage" title="Ecovillage">Ecovillage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethical_consumerism" title="Ethical consumerism">Ethical consumerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_political_ecology" title="Feminist political ecology">Feminist political ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_loss_and_waste" title="Food loss and waste">Food loss and waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeganism" title="Freeganism">Freeganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gift_economy" title="Gift economy">Gift economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_consumption" title="Green consumption">Green consumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperconsumerism" title="Hyperconsumerism">Hyperconsumerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laconophilia" title="Laconophilia">Laconophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_food" title="Local food">Local food</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Microgeneration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-possession" title="Non-possession">Non-possession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overconsumption" class="mw-redirect" title="Overconsumption">Overconsumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planned_obsolescence" title="Planned obsolescence">Planned obsolescence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_repair" title="Right to repair">Right to repair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_ecology" title="Political ecology">Political ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-consumerism" title="Post-consumerism">Post-consumerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_living" title="Simple living">Simple living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_Food" title="Slow Food">Slow Food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steady-state_economy" title="Steady-state economy">Steady-state economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subvertising" title="Subvertising">Subvertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_consumer_behaviour" title="Sustainable consumer behaviour">Sustainable consumer behaviour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_consumption" title="Sustainable consumption">Sustainable consumption</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Notable works</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="font-style:italic;"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walden" title="Walden">Walden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Theory_of_the_Leisure_Class" title="The Theory of the Leisure Class">The Theory of the Leisure Class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brave_New_World" title="Brave New World">Brave New World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Affluent_Society" title="The Affluent Society">The Affluent Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-Dimensional_Man" title="One-Dimensional Man">One-Dimensional Man</a></li> <li>The Society of the Spectacle <span class="noitalic">(<a href="/wiki/The_Society_of_the_Spectacle" title="The Society of the Spectacle">book</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Society_of_the_Spectacle_(film)" title="The Society of the Spectacle (film)">film</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Consumer_Society:_Myths_and_Structures&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Consumer Society: Myths and Structures (page does not exist)">The Consumer Society: Myths and Structures</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_de_consommation_(ouvrage)" class="extiw" title="fr:La Société de consommation (ouvrage)">fr</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steal_This_Book" title="Steal This Book">Steal This Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Is_Beautiful" title="Small Is Beautiful">Small Is Beautiful</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/To_Have_or_to_Be%3F" title="To Have or to Be?">To Have or to Be?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_Primitive_and_Other_Essays" title="Future Primitive and Other Essays">Future Primitive and Other Essays</a></li> <li>Fight Club <span class="noitalic">(<a href="/wiki/Fight_Club_(novel)" title="Fight Club (novel)">novel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fight_Club" title="Fight Club">film</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escape_from_Affluenza" title="Escape from Affluenza">Escape from Affluenza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_Logo" title="No Logo">No Logo</a></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Profit_over_People" title="Profit over People">Profit over People: Neoliberalism<br />and Global Order</a></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Cultural_Creatives" title="The Cultural Creatives">The Cultural Creatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affluenza:_The_All-Consuming_Epidemic" title="Affluenza: The All-Consuming Epidemic">Affluenza: The All-Consuming Epidemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evasion_(book)" class="mw-redirect" title="Evasion (book)">Evasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Corporation_(2003_film)" title="The Corporation (2003 film)">The Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surplus:_Terrorized_into_Being_Consumers" title="Surplus: Terrorized into Being Consumers">Surplus: Terrorized into Being Consumers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/So,_What%27s_Your_Price%3F" title="So, What's Your Price?">So, What's Your Price?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/What_Would_Jesus_Buy%3F" title="What Would Jesus Buy?">What Would Jesus Buy?</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anti-consumerist_groups" title="Category:Anti-consumerist groups">Organizations and groups</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Adbusters" title="Adbusters">Adbusters</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crass" title="Crass">Crass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CrimethInc." title="CrimethInc.">CrimethInc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Green_Resistance" title="Deep Green Resistance">Deep Green Resistance</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Democracy_Now!" title="Democracy Now!">Democracy Now!</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_Liberation_Front" title="Earth Liberation Front">Earth Liberation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Estate_(periodical)" title="Fifth Estate (periodical)"><i>Fifth Estate</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Freecycle_Network" title="The Freecycle Network">Freecycle</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Green_Anarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Green Anarchy">Green Anarchy</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Social_Ecology" title="Institute for Social Ecology">Institute for Social Ecology</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monthly_Review" title="Monthly Review">Monthly Review</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rage_Against_the_Machine" title="Rage Against the Machine">Rage Against the Machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverend_Billy_and_the_Church_of_Stop_Shopping" title="Reverend Billy and the Church of Stop Shopping">Reverend Billy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Venus_Project" title="The Venus Project">The Venus Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Yes_Men" title="The Yes Men">The Yes Men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/350.org" title="350.org">350.org</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anti-consumerists" title="Category:Anti-consumerists">People</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mauro_Bonaiuti" title="Mauro Bonaiuti">Mauro Bonaiuti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Noam Chomsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Fromm" title="Erich Fromm">Erich Fromm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Georgescu-Roegen" title="Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen">Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Goldsmith" title="Edward Goldsmith">Edward Goldsmith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Goodman" title="Paul Goodman">Paul Goodman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Gorz" title="André Gorz">André Gorz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Illich" title="Ivan Illich">Ivan Illich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serge_Latouche" title="Serge Latouche">Serge Latouche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donella_Meadows" title="Donella Meadows">Donella Meadows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Rabhi" title="Pierre Rabhi">Pierre Rabhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ruskin" title="John Ruskin">John Ruskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._F._Schumacher" title="E. F. Schumacher">E. F. Schumacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Stiegler" title="Bernard Stiegler">Bernard Stiegler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Henry David Thoreau</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related social movements</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alter-globalization" title="Alter-globalization">Alter-globalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amateurism" class="mw-redirect" title="Amateurism">Amateurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-communism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-communism">Anarcho-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-primitivism" title="Anarcho-primitivism">Anarcho-primitivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-punk" title="Anarcho-punk">Anarcho-punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-capitalism" title="Anti-capitalism">Anti-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-corporate_activism" title="Anti-corporate activism">Anti-corporate activism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement" title="Anti-globalization movement">Anti-globalization movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diggers_(theater)" title="Diggers (theater)">Diggers (theater)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecofeminism" title="Ecofeminism">Ecofeminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-socialism" title="Eco-socialism">Eco-socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">Environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_Not_Bombs" title="Food Not Bombs">Food Not Bombs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel_phase-out" title="Fossil fuel phase-out">Fossil fuel phase-out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_anarchism" title="Green anarchism">Green anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_left" title="Green left">Green left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_politics" title="Green politics">Green politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippie" title="Hippie">Hippie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_socialism" title="Libertarian socialism">Libertarian socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Luddism" title="Neo-Luddism">Neo-Luddism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Left" title="New Left">New Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupy_Wall_Street" title="Occupy Wall Street">Occupy Wall Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodernism" title="Postmodernism">Postmodernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_subculture" title="Punk subculture">Punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situationist_International" title="Situationist International">Situationists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_movement_(culture)" title="Slow movement (culture)">Slow movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_anarchism" title="Social anarchism">Social anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ecology_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social ecology (Bookchin)">Social ecology</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">See also</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_capitalism" title="Advanced capitalism">Advanced capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advertising" title="Advertising">Advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barter" title="Barter">Barter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_behaviour" title="Consumer behaviour">Consumer behaviour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumption_(economics)" title="Consumption (economics)">Consumption (economics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumption_(sociology)" title="Consumption (sociology)">Consumption (sociology)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperative" title="Cooperative">Cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counterculture" title="Counterculture">Counterculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disneyfication" title="Disneyfication">Disneyfication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_economics" title="Ecological economics">Ecological economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_materialism" title="Economic materialism">Economic materialism</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Economic_problems" title="Category:Economic problems">Economic problems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frugality" title="Frugality">Frugality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_economy" title="Green economy">Green economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gross_National_Happiness" title="Gross National Happiness">Gross National Happiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heterodox_economics" title="Heterodox economics">Heterodox economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospitality_exchange_service" title="Hospitality exchange service">HospEx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illth" title="Illth">Illth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Influence_of_mass_media" title="Influence of mass media">Influence of mass media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Informal_sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Informal sector">Informal sector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intentional_community" title="Intentional community">Intentional community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">Left-wing politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonaldization" title="McDonaldization">McDonaldization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_aid_(organization_theory)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutual aid (organization theory)">Mutual aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_resource_economics" title="Natural resource economics">Natural resource economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-monetary_economy" title="Non-monetary economy">Non-monetary economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permaculture" title="Permaculture">Permaculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-materialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-materialism">Post-materialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Productivism" title="Productivism">Productivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shopping" title="Shopping">Shopping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsistence_economy" title="Subsistence economy">Subsistence economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainability" title="Sustainability">Sustainability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweatshop" title="Sweatshop">Sweatshops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veblen_good" title="Veblen good">Veblen good</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workaholic" title="Workaholic">Workaholic</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Anti-consumerism_sidebar" title="Template:Anti-consumerism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Anti-consumerism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Anti-consumerism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Anti-consumerism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Anti-consumerism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Microgeneration</b> is the small-scale production of heat or <a href="/wiki/Electric_power" title="Electric power">electric power</a> from a "low carbon source," as an alternative or supplement to traditional centralized grid-connected power. </p><p>Microgeneration technologies include small-scale <a href="/wiki/Small_wind_turbine" title="Small wind turbine">wind turbines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Micro_hydro" title="Micro hydro">micro hydro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Solar_PV_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar PV systems">solar PV systems</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microbial_fuel_cell" title="Microbial fuel cell">microbial fuel cells</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ground_source_heat_pump" title="Ground source heat pump">ground source heat pumps</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Micro_combined_heat_and_power" title="Micro combined heat and power">micro combined heat and power</a> installations.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These technologies are often combined to form a <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_power" title="Hybrid power">hybrid power</a> solution that can offer superior performance and lower cost than a system based on one generator.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microgeneration&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the United States, Microgeneration had its roots in the <a href="/wiki/1973_oil_crisis" title="1973 oil crisis">1973 oil crisis</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a> which prompted innovation.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>on June 20, 1979, 32 solar panels were installed at the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The solar cells were dismantled 7 years later during the Reagan administration.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The use of <a href="/wiki/Solar_water_heating" title="Solar water heating">Solar water heating</a> dates back before 1900<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with "the first practical solar cell being developed by Bell Labs in 1954."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The "University of Delaware is credited with creating one of the first solar buildings, “Solar One,” in 1973. The construction ran on a combination of solar thermal and solar photovoltaic power. The building didn't use solar panels; instead, solar was integrated into the rooftop."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technologies_and_set-up">Technologies and set-up</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microgeneration&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Technologies and set-up"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Power_plant">Power plant</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microgeneration&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Power plant"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition to the electricity production plant (e.g. wind turbine and solar panel), infrastructure for <a href="/wiki/Emergency_power_system" title="Emergency power system">energy storage and power conversion</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Net_metering" title="Net metering">hook-up to the regular electricity grid</a> is usually needed and/or foreseen. Although a hookup to the regular electricity grid is not essential, it helps to decrease costs by allowing <a href="/wiki/Net_metering" title="Net metering">financial recompensation schemes</a>. In the developing world however, the start-up cost for this equipment is generally too high, thus leaving no choice but to opt for alternative set-ups.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Extra_equipment_needed_besides_the_power_plant">Extra equipment needed besides the power plant</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microgeneration&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Extra equipment needed besides the power plant"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PVSolarSystem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/PVSolarSystem.svg/260px-PVSolarSystem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/PVSolarSystem.svg/390px-PVSolarSystem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/PVSolarSystem.svg/520px-PVSolarSystem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="562" data-file-height="558" /></a><figcaption>A complete PV-solar system</figcaption></figure> <p>The whole of the equipment required to set up a working system and for an off-the-grid generation and/or a hook up to the electricity grid herefore is termed a <a href="/wiki/Balance_of_system" title="Balance of system">balance of system</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is composed of the following parts with PV-systems: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Energy_storage_apparatus">Energy storage apparatus</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microgeneration&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Energy storage apparatus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A major issue with off-grid solar and wind systems is that the power is often needed when the sun is not shining or when the wind is calm, this is generally not required for purely grid-connected systems: </p> <ul><li>a series of <a href="/wiki/Deep_cycle_battery" class="mw-redirect" title="Deep cycle battery">deep cycle</a>, stationary or <a href="/wiki/Sealed_battery" class="mw-redirect" title="Sealed battery">sealed maintenance free batteries</a> (the most common solution) <sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>or other means of energy storage (e.g. hydrogen <a href="/wiki/Fuel_cells" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuel cells">fuel cells</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flywheel_energy_storage" title="Flywheel energy storage">Flywheel energy storage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pumped-storage_hydroelectricity" title="Pumped-storage hydroelectricity">pumped-storage hydroelectricity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Compressed_air" title="Compressed air">compressed air</a> tanks, ...)<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>a <a href="/wiki/Charge_controller" title="Charge controller">charge controller</a> for charging the batteries or other energy storage</li></ul> <p>For converting DC battery power into AC as required for many appliances, or for feeding excess power into a commercial power grid: </p> <ul><li>an <a href="/wiki/Inverter_(electrical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Inverter (electrical)">inverter</a> or <a href="/wiki/Grid-tie_inverter" title="Grid-tie inverter">grid-interactive inverter</a>. The whole is also sometimes referred to as "power conditioning equipment"</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Safety_equipment">Safety equipment</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microgeneration&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Safety equipment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ground_(electricity)" title="Ground (electricity)">Groundings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transfer_switch" title="Transfer switch">transfer switches</a> or <a href="/wiki/Isolator_switch" class="mw-redirect" title="Isolator switch">isolator switches</a> and <a href="/wiki/Surge_protector" title="Surge protector">surge protectors</a>. The whole is also sometimes referred to as "safety equipment"</li></ul> <p>Usually, in microgeneration for homes in the developing world, prefabricated house-wiring systems (as <a href="/wiki/Cable_harness" title="Cable harness">wiring harnesses</a> or prefabricated <a href="/wiki/Power_distribution_unit" title="Power distribution unit">distribution units</a>) are used instead .<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Simplified house-wiring boxes and cables, known as wiring harnesses, can simply be bought and mounted into the building without requiring much knowledge about the wiring itself. As such, even people without technical expertise are able to install them. They are also comparatively cheap and offer safety advantages.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>battery meters (for <a href="/wiki/Battery_charger" title="Battery charger">charging</a> rate and <a href="/wiki/Voltage" title="Voltage">voltage</a>), and meters for <a href="/wiki/Power_consumption" class="mw-redirect" title="Power consumption">power consumption</a> and electricity provision to the regular power grid</li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wind_generator_system-vectorised.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Wind_generator_system-vectorised.svg/150px-Wind_generator_system-vectorised.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Wind_generator_system-vectorised.svg/225px-Wind_generator_system-vectorised.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Wind_generator_system-vectorised.svg/300px-Wind_generator_system-vectorised.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1052" data-file-height="1488" /></a><figcaption>Small-scale (DIY) generation system</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Wind_turbine_specific">Wind turbine specific</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microgeneration&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Wind turbine specific"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Small_wind_turbine" title="Small wind turbine">Small wind turbine</a></div> <p>With wind turbines, hydroelectric plants, ... the extra equipment needed <sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is more or less the same as with PV-systems (depending on the type of wind turbine used),<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> yet also include: </p> <ul><li>a manual disconnect switch</li> <li>foundation for the tower</li> <li>grounding system</li> <li>shutoff and/or dummy-load devices for use in high wind when power generated exceeds current needs and storage system capacity.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Vibro-wind_power">Vibro-wind power</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microgeneration&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Vibro-wind power"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A new wind energy technology is being developed that converts energy from wind energy vibrations to electricity. This energy, called Vibro-Wind technology, can use winds of less strength than normal wind turbines, and can be placed in almost any location. </p><p>A prototype consisted of a panel mounted with oscillators made out of pieces of foam. The conversion from mechanical to electrical energy is done using a piezoelectric transducer, a device made of a ceramic or polymer that emits electrons when stressed. The building of this prototype was led by Francis Moon, professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering at <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a>. Moon's work in Vibro-Wind Technology was funded by the <a href="/wiki/Atkinson_Center_for_a_Sustainable_Future" title="Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future">Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future</a> at Cornell.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vibro-wind power is not yet commercially viable and in early development stages. Significant progress will be needed to commercialize this early stage venture. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Possible_set-ups">Possible set-ups</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microgeneration&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Possible set-ups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several microgeneration set-ups are possible. These are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Off-the-grid" title="Off-the-grid">Off-the-grid</a> set-ups which include: <ul><li>Off-the grid set-ups without energy storage (e.g., battery, ...)</li> <li>Off-the grid set-ups with energy storage (e.g., battery, ...)</li> <li>Battery charging stations <sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>Grid-connected set-ups which include: <ul><li>Grid connected with backup to power critical loads</li> <li>Grid-connected set-ups without financial recompensation scheme</li> <li>Grid-connected set-ups with <a href="/wiki/Net_metering" title="Net metering">net metering</a></li> <li>Grid connected set-ups with <a href="/wiki/Net_purchase_and_sale" class="mw-redirect" title="Net purchase and sale">net purchase and sale</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <p>All set-ups mentioned can work either on a single power plant or a <a href="/wiki/Combination" title="Combination">combination</a> of power plants (in which case it is called a <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_power" title="Hybrid power">hybrid power</a> system). For safety, grid-connected set-ups must automatically switch off or enter an "anti-islanding mode" when there is a failure of the mains power supply. For more about this, see the article on the condition of <a href="/wiki/Islanding" title="Islanding">islanding</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Costs">Costs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microgeneration&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Costs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Depending on the set-up chosen (financial recompensation scheme, power plant, extra equipment), prices may vary. According to <a href="/wiki/Practical_Action" title="Practical Action">Practical Action</a>, microgeneration at home which uses the latest in cost saving-technology (wiring harnesses, ready boards, cheap DIY-power plants, e.g. DIY wind turbines) the household expenditure can be extremely low-cost. In fact, Practical Action mentions that many households in farming communities in the developing world spend less than $1 on electricity per month. .<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, if matters are handled less economically (using more commercial systems/approaches), costs will be dramatically higher. In most cases however, financial advantage will still be done using microgeneration on renewable power plants; often in the range of 50-90% <sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as local production has no electricity transportation losses on long distance <a href="/wiki/Power_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Power line">power lines</a> or energy losses from the <a href="/wiki/Joule_effect" title="Joule effect">Joule effect</a> in transformers where in general 8-15% of the energy is lost.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the UK, the government offers both grants and feedback payments to help businesses, communities and private homes to install these technologies. Businesses can write the full cost of installation off against taxable profits whilst homeowners receive a flat-rate grant or payments per kW h of electricity generated and paid back into the national grid. Community organizations can also receive up to £200,000 in grant funding.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the UK, the Microgeneration Certification Scheme provides approval for Microgeneration Installers and Products which is a mandatory requirement of funding schemes such as the Feed in Tariffs and Renewable Heat Incentive. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grid_parity">Grid parity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microgeneration&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Grid parity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Grid_parity" title="Grid parity">Grid parity</a> (or <b>socket parity</b>) occurs when an <a href="/wiki/Alternative_energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Alternative energy">alternative energy</a> source can generate electricity at a <a href="/wiki/Levelized_cost_of_energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Levelized cost of energy">levelized cost of energy</a> (LCOE) that is less than or equal to the price of purchasing power from the <a href="/wiki/Electricity_grid" class="mw-redirect" title="Electricity grid">electricity grid</a>. Reaching grid parity is considered to be the point at which an energy source becomes a contender for widespread development without <a href="/wiki/Subsidy" title="Subsidy">subsidies</a> or government support. It is widely believed that a wholesale shift in a generation to these forms of energy will take place when they reach grid parity. </p><p>Grid parity has been reached in some locations with on-shore wind power around 2000, and with solar power it was achieved for the first time in Spain in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Comparison_with_large-scale_generation">Comparison with large-scale generation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microgeneration&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Comparison with large-scale generation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <th style="width:10%;"> </th> <th style="width:35%;">microgeneration </th> <th style="width:35%;">large-scale generation </th> <th style="width:20%;">Notes </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th>Other names </th> <td>Distributed generation </td> <td>Centralized generation </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of scale">Economy of scale</a> </th> <td>Necessitates mass production of generators which will create an associated environmental impact. Systems are less expensive when produced in quantity. </td> <td>Depends on power source - generally more economical given the larger scale of the generators. Photovoltaics, similar panels are used in all applications are affected less by this whilst wind power, where power scales approximately as the square of size is affected greatly. </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th>Ability to meet needs </th> <td>supply within the limits of the installed generation or storage <ul><li>For wind and solar energy, the actual production is only a <a href="/wiki/Capacity_factor" title="Capacity factor">fraction</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nameplate_capacity" title="Nameplate capacity">nameplate capacity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Fuel based systems are fully <a href="/wiki/Dispatchable_generation" title="Dispatchable generation">dispatchable</a></li> <li>Solar panels are simple and reliable, they can provide a little electricity at a reasonable cost.</li></ul> </td> <td>generally more flexible supply within the limits of local transmission as long as the grid is effectively maintained </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th>Environmental impact </th> <td>larger number of smaller devices may lead to greater impact from device production especially with the wind. </td> <td>larger generators can have more local impact, transmission equipment can also disrupt areas, however, the overall impact is likely reduced due to economies of scale. </td> <td>Commentators claim <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> that householders who buy their electricity with green energy tariffs can reduce their carbon usage further than with microgeneration and at a lower cost. </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th>Transmission losses </th> <td>Proximity to end user typically closer resulting in potentially fewer losses. (Potentially, because the lack of scale at each individual installation may lead to use of less efficient transmission technologies.) </td> <td>A significant proportion of electrical power is lost during transmission (approximately 8% in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> according to <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> Radio 4 Today programme in March 2006). </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th>Changes to Grid </th> <td>reduces the transmission load, and thus reduces the need for grid upgrades </td> <td>increases the power transmitted, and thus increases the need for grid upgrades </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th>Grid failure event </th> <td>Electricity may still be <b>available</b> to local area in many circumstances </td> <td>Electricity may be <b>not available</b> due to grid </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th>Generator failure event </th> <td>Electricity will not be <b>available</b> except in hybrid scenario </td> <td>Electricity is very likely to be <b>available</b> due to grid redundancy </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th>Consumer choices </th> <td>May choose to purchase any legal system </td> <td>May choose to purchase offerings of the power companies depending on market </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th>Reliability and Maintenance requirements </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Photovoltaics" title="Photovoltaics">photovoltaics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stirling_engine" title="Stirling engine">Stirling engines</a>, and certain other systems, are usually extremely reliable <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>, and can generate <a href="/wiki/Electric_power" title="Electric power">electric power</a> continuously for many thousands of hours with little or no maintenance. However, unreliable systems will incur additional maintenance labor and costs. </td> <td>Managed by power company. Grid reliability varies with location. </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th>Waste Heat by-product </th> <td>Can be used for heating purposes in cold climates, thus greatly increasing efficiency and offsetting energy total costs. This method is known as <a href="/wiki/Micro_combined_heat_and_power" title="Micro combined heat and power">micro combined heat and power</a> (microCHP). </td> <td> <p>Used in some privately owned industrial <a href="/wiki/Combined_heat_and_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Combined heat and power">combined heat and power</a> (CHP) installations. It is also used in large-scale applications where it's called <a href="/wiki/District_heating" title="District heating">district heating</a> and uses the heat that is normally exhausted by inefficient powerplants.<sup id="cite_ref-Milieu_Centraal_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Milieu_Centraal-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Most forms of microgeneration can dynamically balance the <a href="/wiki/Supply_and_demand" title="Supply and demand">supply and demand</a> for electric power, by producing more power during periods of high demand and high grid prices, and less power during periods of low demand and low grid prices. This "hybridized grid" allows both microgeneration systems <i>and</i> large power plants to operate with greater <a href="/wiki/Efficient_energy_use" title="Efficient energy use">energy efficiency</a> and cost effectiveness than either could alone. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Domestic_self-sufficiency">Domestic self-sufficiency</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microgeneration&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Domestic self-sufficiency"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_building" title="Autonomous building">Autonomous building</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Earthship" title="Earthship">Earthship</a> and <a href="/wiki/Off-the-grid" title="Off-the-grid">Off-the-grid</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Micro_WindMill.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Micro_WindMill.jpg/220px-Micro_WindMill.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Micro_WindMill.jpg/330px-Micro_WindMill.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Micro_WindMill.jpg/440px-Micro_WindMill.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Horizontal Axis Micro-Windmill in Lahore, 1000Watt Rated Output</figcaption></figure> <p>Microgeneration can be integrated as part of a <a href="/wiki/Self-sufficient" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-sufficient">self-sufficient</a> house and is typically complemented with other technologies such as domestic food production systems (<a href="/wiki/Permaculture" title="Permaculture">permaculture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Agroecosystem" title="Agroecosystem">agroecosystem</a>), <a href="/wiki/Rainwater_harvesting" title="Rainwater harvesting">rainwater harvesting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Composting_toilets" class="mw-redirect" title="Composting toilets">composting toilets</a> or even complete <a href="/wiki/Greywater_treatment" class="mw-redirect" title="Greywater treatment">greywater treatment</a> systems. Domestic microgeneration technologies include: <a href="/wiki/Photovoltaic_array" class="mw-redirect" title="Photovoltaic array">photovoltaic solar systems</a>, small-scale wind turbines, <a href="/wiki/Micro_combined_heat_and_power" title="Micro combined heat and power">micro combined heat and power</a> installations, <a href="/wiki/Biodiesel" title="Biodiesel">biodiesel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Biogas" title="Biogas">biogas</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Quietrevolution_Bristol_3513051949.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Quietrevolution_Bristol_3513051949.jpg/170px-Quietrevolution_Bristol_3513051949.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Quietrevolution_Bristol_3513051949.jpg/255px-Quietrevolution_Bristol_3513051949.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Quietrevolution_Bristol_3513051949.jpg/340px-Quietrevolution_Bristol_3513051949.jpg 2x" data-file-width="451" data-file-height="581" /></a><figcaption>A small <a href="/wiki/Quietrevolution_wind_turbine" title="Quietrevolution wind turbine">Quietrevolution QR5</a> <a href="/wiki/Gorlov_helical_turbine" title="Gorlov helical turbine">Gorlov type</a> vertical axis wind turbine in Bristol, England. Measuring 3 m in diameter and 5 m high, it has a nameplate rating of 6.5 kW to the grid.</figcaption></figure> <p>Private generation decentralizes the generation of electricity and may also centralize the pooling of surplus energy. While they have to be purchased, solar shingles and panels are both available. <a href="/wiki/Capital_cost" title="Capital cost">Capital cost</a> is high, but saves in the long run. With appropriate power conversion, solar PV panels can run the same electric appliances as electricity from other sources.<sup id="cite_ref-Fritsch_2007_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fritsch_2007-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Passive <a href="/wiki/Solar_water_heating" title="Solar water heating">solar water heating</a> is another effective method of utilizing solar power. The simplest method is the solar (or a black plastic) bag. Set between 5 and 20 litres (1 and 5 US gal) out in the sun and allow to heat. Perfect for a quick warm shower.<sup id="cite_ref-motherearthnews.com_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-motherearthnews.com-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ‘breadbox’ heater can be constructed easily with recycled materials and basic building experience. Consisting of a single or array of black tanks mounted inside a sturdy box insulated on the bottom and sides. The lid, either horizontal or angled to catch the most sun, should be well sealed and of a transparent glazing material (glass, fiberglass, or high temp resistant molded plastic). Cold water enters the tank near the bottom, heats and rises to the top where it is piped back into the home.<sup id="cite_ref-motherearthnews.com_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-motherearthnews.com-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ground_source_heat_pump" title="Ground source heat pump">Ground source heat pumps</a> exploit stable ground temperatures by benefiting from the thermal energy storage capacity of the ground. Typically ground source heat pumps have a high initial cost and are difficult to install by the average homeowner. They use electric motors to transfer heat from the ground with a high level of efficiency. The electricity may come from renewable sources or from external non-renewable sources. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fuel">Fuel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microgeneration&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Fuel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Biodiesel" title="Biodiesel">Biodiesel</a> is an <a href="/wiki/Alternative_fuel" title="Alternative fuel">alternative fuel</a> that can power diesel engines and can be used for domestic heating. Numerous forms of biomass, including soybeans, peanuts, and algae (which has the highest yield), can be used to make biodiesel. Recycled vegetable oil (from restaurants) can also be converted into biodiesel. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Biogas" title="Biogas">Biogas</a> is another alternative fuel, created from the waste product of animals. Though less practical for most homes, a farm environment provides a perfect place to implement the process. By mixing the waste and water in a tank with space left for air, methane produces naturally in the airspace. This methane can be piped out and burned, and used for a cookfire. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_policy">Government policy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microgeneration&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Government policy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Policymakers were accustomed to an energy system based on big, centralised projects like nuclear or gas-fired power stations. A change of mindsets and incentives are bringing microgeneration into the mainstream. Planning regulations may also require streamlining to facilitate the retrofitting of microgenerating facilities onto homes and buildings. </p><p>Most of developed countries, including Canada (Alberta), the United Kingdom, Germany, Poland, Israel<sup id="cite_ref-israel_power_agreement_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-israel_power_agreement-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and USA have laws allowing microgenerated electricity to be sold into the national grid. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alberta,_Canada"><span id="Alberta.2C_Canada"></span>Alberta, Canada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microgeneration&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Alberta, Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In January 2009, the Government of Alberta's Micro-Generation Regulation came into effect, setting rules that allow Albertans to generate their own environmentally friendly electricity and receive credit for any power they send into the electricity grid. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poland">Poland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microgeneration&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Poland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In December 2014, the Polish government will vote on a bill which calls for microgeneration, as well as large scale wind farms in the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a> as a solution to cut back on CO<sub style="font-size: 80%;vertical-align: -0.35em">2</sub> emissions from the country's coal plants as well as to reduce Polish dependence on Russian gas. Under the terms of the new bill, individuals and small businesses which generate up to 40 kW of 'green' energy will receive 100% of market price for any electricity they feed back into the grid, and businesses who set up large-scale offshore wind farms in the Baltic will be eligible for subsidization by the state. Costs of implementing these new policies will be offset by the creation of a new tax on non-sustainable energy use.<sup id="cite_ref-Government_revises_sustainable_energy_bill_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Government_revises_sustainable_energy_bill-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microgeneration&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The United States has inconsistent energy generation policies across its 50 states. State energy policies and laws may vary significantly with location. Some states have imposed requirements on utilities that a certain percentage of total power generation be from renewable sources. For this purpose, renewable sources include wind, hydroelectric, and solar power whether from large or microgeneration projects. Further, in some areas transferable "renewable source energy" credits are needed by power companies to meet these mandates. As a result, in some portions of the United States, power companies will pay a portion of the cost of renewable source microgeneration projects in their service areas. These rebates are in addition to any Federal or State renewable-energy income-tax credits that may be applicable. In other areas, such rebates may differ or may not be available. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microgeneration&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The UK Government published its Microgeneration Strategy<sup id="cite_ref-dti_strategy_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dti_strategy-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in March 2006, although it was seen as a disappointment by many commentators.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_on_micropower_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc_on_micropower-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast, the <a href="/wiki/Climate_Change_and_Sustainable_Energy_Act_2006" title="Climate Change and Sustainable Energy Act 2006">Climate Change and Sustainable Energy Act 2006</a> has been viewed as a positive step.<sup id="cite_ref-micropower_sus_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-micropower_sus-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To replace earlier schemes, the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Trade_and_Industry_(United_Kingdom)" title="Department of Trade and Industry (United Kingdom)">Department of Trade and Industry</a> (DTI) launched the <a href="/wiki/Low_Carbon_Buildings_Programme" class="mw-redirect" title="Low Carbon Buildings Programme">Low Carbon Buildings Programme</a> in April 2006, which provided grants to individuals, communities and businesses wishing to invest in microgenerating technologies. These schemes have been replaced in turn by new proposals from the <a href="/wiki/Department_for_Energy_and_Climate_Change" class="mw-redirect" title="Department for Energy and Climate Change">Department for Energy and Climate Change</a> (DECC) for clean energy cashback via Feed-In Tariffs<sup id="cite_ref-Summary_of_Feed_In_Tariffs_clean_energy_cashback_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Summary_of_Feed_In_Tariffs_clean_energy_cashback-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for generating electricity from April 2010 and the Renewable Heat Incentive<sup id="cite_ref-Summary_of_Renewable_Heat_Incentive_clean_energy_cashback_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Summary_of_Renewable_Heat_Incentive_clean_energy_cashback-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for generating renewable heat from 28 November 2011. </p><p>Feed-In Tariffs are intended to incentivise small-scale (less than 5MW), low-carbon <a href="/wiki/Electricity_generation" title="Electricity generation">electricity generation</a>. These feed-in tariffs work alongside the Renewables Obligation (RO), which will remain the primary mechanism to incentivise deployment of large-scale renewable electricity generation. The Renewable Heat Incentive (RHI) in intended to incentivise the generation of heat from renewable sources. They also currently offer up to 21p per kWh from December 2011 in the Tariff for photovoltaics plus another 3p for the Export Tariff - an overall figure which could see a household earning back double what they currently pay for their electricity.<sup id="cite_ref-Feed-in_Tarrif_figures_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Feed-in_Tarrif_figures-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 31 October 2011, the government announced a sudden cut in the feed-in tariff from 43.3p/kWh to 21p/kWh with the new tariff to apply to all new solar PV installations with an eligibility date on or after 12 December 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prominent British politicians who have announced they are fitting microgenerating facilities to their homes include the Conservative party leader, <a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">David Cameron</a>, and the Labour Science <a href="/wiki/Minister_(government)" title="Minister (government)">Minister</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Wicks" title="Malcolm Wicks">Malcolm Wicks</a>. These plans included small domestic sized wind turbines. Cameron, before becoming Prime Minister in the <a href="/wiki/2010_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2010 United Kingdom general election">2010 general elections</a>, had been asked during an interview on BBC One's <a href="/wiki/The_Politics_Show" class="mw-redirect" title="The Politics Show">The Politics Show</a> on October 29, 2006, if he would do the same should he get to <a href="/wiki/10_Downing_Street" title="10 Downing Street">10 Downing Street</a>. <i>“If they’d let me, yes,”</i> he replied.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the December 2006 <a href="/wiki/Pre-Budget_Report" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-Budget Report">Pre-Budget Report</a><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the government announced that the sale of surplus electricity from installations designed for personal use, would not be subject to <a href="/wiki/Income_Tax" class="mw-redirect" title="Income Tax">Income Tax</a>. Legislation to this effect has been included in the Finance Bill 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microgeneration&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several movies and TV shows such as <a href="/wiki/The_Mosquito_Coast_(film)" title="The Mosquito Coast (film)">The Mosquito Coast</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jericho_(2006_TV_series)" title="Jericho (2006 TV series)">Jericho</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Time_Machine_(2002_film)" title="The Time Machine (2002 film)">The Time Machine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beverly_Hills_Family_Robinson" title="Beverly Hills Family Robinson">Beverly Hills Family Robinson</a> have done a great deal in raising interest in microgeneration among the general public. Websites such as <a href="/wiki/Instructables" title="Instructables">Instructables</a> and <a href="/wiki/Practical_Action" title="Practical Action">Practical Action</a> propose <a href="/wiki/Do-it-yourself" class="mw-redirect" title="Do-it-yourself">DIY</a> solutions that can lower the cost of microgeneration, thus increasing its popularity. Specialised magazines such as OtherPower and <a href="/wiki/Home_Power" title="Home Power">Home Power</a> also provide practical advice and guidance.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microgeneration&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_energy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Crystal_energy.svg/29px-Crystal_energy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="29" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Crystal_energy.svg/44px-Crystal_energy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Crystal_energy.svg/59px-Crystal_energy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="124" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Energy" title="Portal:Energy">Energy portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wind-turbine-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Wind-turbine-icon.svg/28px-Wind-turbine-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Wind-turbine-icon.svg/42px-Wind-turbine-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Wind-turbine-icon.svg/56px-Wind-turbine-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Renewable_energy" title="Portal:Renewable energy">Renewable energy portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Noun-technology.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/29px-Noun-technology.svg.png" decoding="async" width="29" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/43px-Noun-technology.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/57px-Noun-technology.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="90" data-file-height="88" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Technology" title="Portal:Technology">Technology portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appropriate_technology" title="Appropriate technology">Appropriate technology</a>; includes a list of technology usable to set up microgeneration</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_building" title="Autonomous building">Autonomous building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_cycle_battery" class="mw-redirect" title="Deep cycle battery">Deep cycle battery</a> (the type of batteries to be used in domestic, off-grid systems)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributed_generation" title="Distributed generation">Distributed generation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_energy_consumption" title="Domestic energy consumption">Domestic energy consumption</a> (offers calculations to set up microgeneration-plants)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_power_system" title="Emergency power system">Emergency power system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_fuel_cell" title="Home fuel cell">Home fuel cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrogen station">Hydrogen station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MicroFIT" class="mw-redirect" title="MicroFIT">MicroFIT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microgrid" title="Microgrid">Microgrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microreactor" title="Microreactor">Microreactor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photovoltaic_array" class="mw-redirect" title="Photovoltaic array">Photovoltaic array</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radioisotope_thermoelectric_generator" title="Radioisotope thermoelectric generator">Radioisotope thermoelectric generator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_hydro" title="Small hydro">Small hydro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small-scale_wind_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Small-scale wind power">Small-scale wind power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_modular_reactor" title="Small modular reactor">Small modular reactor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grid-tied_electrical_system" title="Grid-tied electrical system">Grid-tied electrical system</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microgeneration&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gaiam.com/category/solar-living/wind-power.do">the original</a> on 2008-02-25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shop+Gaiam+for+yoga%2C+fitness%2C+meditation%2C+active+sitting%2C+and+wellness+products&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaiam.com%2Fcategory%2Fsolar-living%2Fwind-power.do&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMicrogeneration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.energyalternatives.ca/catalogue/Categories/3.htm">Extra equipment needed with wind turbines (EnergyAlternatives)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080314182453/http://www.energyalternatives.ca/Catalogue/Categories/3.htm">Archived</a> 2008-03-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.velacreations.com/chispito.html">"Chispito Information - VelaCreations"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120630183605/http://www.velacreations.com/chispito.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-06-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-04-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chispito+Information+-+VelaCreations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.velacreations.com%2Fchispito.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMicrogeneration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.eere.energy.gov/windandhydro/wind_how.html#types">Schematic showing certain components as controllers built into the wind turbine itself</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080403051123/http://www1.eere.energy.gov/windandhydro/wind_how.html">Archived</a> 2008-04-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJu2010" class="citation news cs1">Ju, Anne (25 May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/May10/VibroWind.html">"Students harness vibrations from wind for electricity"</a>. <i>Cornell Chronicle</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121005150921/http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/May10/VibroWind.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-03-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Office+of+Energy+Efficiency+%26+Renewable+Energy+-+Department+of+Energy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eere.energy.gov%2Fconsumer%2Fyour_home%2Felectricity%2Findex.cfm%2Fmytopic%3D10880&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMicrogeneration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.schneider-electric.com/energy-management-energy-efficiency/2013/03/25/how-big-are-power-line-losses/">"How big are Power line losses? - Schneider Electric Blog"</a>. 25 March 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150507033237/http://blog.schneider-electric.com/energy-management-energy-efficiency/2013/03/25/how-big-are-power-line-losses/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+big+are+Power+line+losses%3F+-+Schneider+Electric+Blog&rft.date=2013-03-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.schneider-electric.com%2Fenergy-management-energy-efficiency%2F2013%2F03%2F25%2Fhow-big-are-power-line-losses%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMicrogeneration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.microgeneration.com/grants-and-funding">UK Grant Funding information</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091109225234/http://www.microgeneration.com/grants-and-funding">Archived</a> 2009-11-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelly-Detwiler" class="citation web cs1">Kelly-Detwiler, Peter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/peterdetwiler/2012/12/26/solar-grid-parity-comes-to-spain/">"Solar Grid Parity Comes to Spain"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170912184934/https://www.forbes.com/sites/peterdetwiler/2012/12/26/solar-grid-parity-comes-to-spain/">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-09-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-09-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Solar+Grid+Parity+Comes+to+Spain&rft.aulast=Kelly-Detwiler&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fpeterdetwiler%2F2012%2F12%2F26%2Fsolar-grid-parity-comes-to-spain%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMicrogeneration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oilprice.com/Latest-Energy-News/World-News/Spain-Achieves-Grid-Parity-for-Solar-Power.html">"Spain Achieves Grid Parity for Solar Power - OilPrice.com"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161112050151/http://oilprice.com/Latest-Energy-News/World-News/Spain-Achieves-Grid-Parity-for-Solar-Power.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-11-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-10-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Green+Building+magazine+has+moved+to+GreenBuilding.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.buildingforafuture.co.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMicrogeneration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Milieu_Centraal-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Milieu_Centraal_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Milieu Centraal</i>, 29 April 2009 -- <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.milieucentraal.nl/pagina?onderwerp=Stadsverwarming">Stadsverwarming en blokverwarming </a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071222101935/http://www.milieucentraal.nl/pagina?onderwerp=Stadsverwarming">Archived</a> 2007-12-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fritsch_2007-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fritsch_2007_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fritsch, Al, and Paul Gallimore. Healing Appalachia: Sustainable Living Through Appropriate Technology. Lexington, KY. The UP of Kentucky, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-motherearthnews.com-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-motherearthnews.com_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-motherearthnews.com_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.motherearthnews.com/Green-Homes/2007-10-01/Build-Your-Own-Solar-Water-Heater.aspx">"How to Build a Passive Solar Water Heater"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081015021510/http://www.motherearthnews.com/Green-Homes/2007-10-01/Build-Your-Own-Solar-Water-Heater.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 2008-10-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-12-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+to+Build+a+Passive+Solar+Water+Heater&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.motherearthnews.com%2FGreen-Homes%2F2007-10-01%2FBuild-Your-Own-Solar-Water-Heater.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMicrogeneration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-israel_power_agreement-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-israel_power_agreement_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.israel-electric.co.il/Static/WorkFolder/HomeClients/pv-hahachlata-hamelea.pdf">State of Israel Public Utilities Authority Decision #216 (Hebrew)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090824063407/http://www.israel-electric.co.il/Static/WorkFolder/HomeClients/pv-hahachlata-hamelea.pdf">Archived</a> 2009-08-24 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Government_revises_sustainable_energy_bill-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Government_revises_sustainable_energy_bill_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thenews.pl/1/12/Artykul/188486,Government-revises-sustainable-energy-bill">"Government revises sustainable energy bill"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150703074653/http://www.thenews.pl/1/12/Artykul/188486,Government-revises-sustainable-energy-bill">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-07-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-12-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Government+revises+sustainable+energy+bill&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthenews.pl%2F1%2F12%2FArtykul%2F188486%2CGovernment-revises-sustainable-energy-bill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMicrogeneration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dti_strategy-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dti_strategy_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dti.gov.uk/energy/sources/sustainable/microgeneration/strategy/page27594.html">UK Department of Trade and Industry Microgeneration Strategy</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060618153454/http://www.dti.gov.uk/energy/sources/sustainable/microgeneration/strategy/page27594.html">Archived</a> 2006-06-18 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc_on_micropower-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bbc_on_micropower_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4858766.stm">Home power plan 'disappointment'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060709091859/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4858766.stm">Archived</a> 2006-07-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a> report on the UK Department of Trade and Industry Microgeneration Strategy</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-micropower_sus-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-micropower_sus_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.micropower.co.uk/news/newsrelease15.html">Sustainable energy groups welcome parliamentary initiative to reduce climate change emissions</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060914004105/http://www.micropower.co.uk/news/newsrelease15.html">Archived</a> 2006-09-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, article by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.micropower.co.uk">micropower</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060410141839/http://www.micropower.co.uk/">Archived</a> 2006-04-10 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> on the Climate Change and Sustainable Energy Act 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Summary_of_Feed_In_Tariffs_clean_energy_cashback-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Summary_of_Feed_In_Tariffs_clean_energy_cashback_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.feedin-tariffs.com/what-are-feed-in-tariffs/">Clean energy cashback from Feed-In Tariffs</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100511001753/http://www.feedin-tariffs.com/what-are-feed-in-tariffs/">Archived</a> 2010-05-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Summary_of_Renewable_Heat_Incentive_clean_energy_cashback-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Summary_of_Renewable_Heat_Incentive_clean_energy_cashback_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.decc.gov.uk/en/content/cms/consultations/rhi/rhi.aspx">Renewable Heat Incentive</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100922074802/http://decc.gov.uk/en/content/cms/consultations/rhi/rhi.aspx">Archived</a> 2010-09-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Feed-in_Tarrif_figures-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Feed-in_Tarrif_figures_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fitariffs.co.uk/FITs/principles/export/">"Export tariffs - FI Tariffs"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100322200044/http://www.fitariffs.co.uk/FITs/principles/export/">Archived</a> from the original on 2010-03-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-05-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Export+tariffs+-+FI+Tariffs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fitariffs.co.uk%2FFITs%2Fprinciples%2Fexport%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMicrogeneration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.decc.gov.uk/en/content/cms/news/pn11_091/pn11_091.aspx">"Barker: Boom and bust for solar must be avoided - Announcements"</a>. decc.gov.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111115051543/http://www.decc.gov.uk/en/content/cms/news/pn11_091/pn11_091.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-11-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-11-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Barker%3A+Boom+and+bust+for+solar+must+be+avoided+-+Announcements&rft.pub=decc.gov.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.decc.gov.uk%2Fen%2Fcontent%2Fcms%2Fnews%2Fpn11_091%2Fpn11_091.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMicrogeneration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Times (October 30, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article617348.ece">Cameron: I'd have a No 10 wind turbine</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2024">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>. Retrieved 2010-05-15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/pre_budget_report/prebud_pbr06/prebud_pbr06_index.cfm">Pre-Budget Report 2006, Section 7.31.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061201075130/http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/pre_budget_report/prebud_pbr06/prebud_pbr06_index.cfm">Archived</a> 2006-12-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Office of Public Sector Information; Finance Act 2007 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts2007/ukpga_20070011_en_1">Chapter 11, Part 2, Environment</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100801023238/http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts2007/ukpga_20070011_en_1">Archived</a> 2010-08-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved 2010-05-14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rebelwolf.com/essn/ESSN-Dec2005.pdf">"OtherPower and Home Power as popular diy microgeneration magazines"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190303091536/http://www.rebelwolf.com/essn/ESSN-Dec2005.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2019-03-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-03-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=OtherPower+and+Home+Power+as+popular+diy+microgeneration+magazines&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rebelwolf.com%2Fessn%2FESSN-Dec2005.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMicrogeneration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microgeneration&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Systems'_self-sufficiency_parts"><span id="Systems.27_self-sufficiency_parts"></span>Systems' self-sufficiency parts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microgeneration&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Systems' self-sufficiency parts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.microgeneration.com/default.asp?sID=1158439211421">Microgeneration.com</a> - Basic information on setting up microgeneration at home</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rebelwolf.com/essn.html">Information on precise domestic power consumption calculations to create partial/or completely off-grid systems</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160310165158/http://practicalaction.org/practicalanswers/index.php?cpath=21">Practical action's info on setting up microgeneration at home</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leefrank.net/WindInfo.html">Hope Farm Information on Wind Power</a> - Page on securing incentives, building, and monitoring power generated by small-scale wind on Upstate NY farm.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2010/12/19/magazine/ideas2010.html?ref=magazine#Turbine-Free_Wind_Power">Turbine-Free Wind Power</a> - <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.qp.alberta.ca/574.cfm?page=2008_027.cfm&leg_type=Regs&isbncln=9780779730308">Micro-Generation Regulation</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="UK-related">UK-related</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microgeneration&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: UK-related"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icax.co.uk/Renewable_Heat_Incentive.html">Renewable Heat Incentive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120219033959/http://www.mcsaccredited.com/the-mcs-scheme/why-get-mcs-accreditation.html">Microgeneration Certification Scheme Information Installers</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ofgem.gov.uk/Sustainability/Environment/fits/Pages/fits.aspx">Ofgem information on Feed-in Tariffs</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060926135732/http://www.buildingforafuture.co.uk/winter03/index.php">Building for a Future magazine: Microgeneration - Good or bad?</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Academic_paper_focusing_on_India">Academic paper focusing on India</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microgeneration&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Academic paper focusing on India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKumarShankarMomayaGupte2010" class="citation journal cs1">Kumar, Ashish; Shankar, Ravi; Momaya, Kiran; Gupte, Sandeep (2010). "The Market for Wireless Electricity: the Case of India". <i>Energy Policy</i>. <b>38</b> (3): 1537–1547. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.enpol.2009.11.037">10.1016/j.enpol.2009.11.037</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+Policy&rft.atitle=The+Market+for+Wireless+Electricity%3A+the+Case+of+India&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=1537-1547&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.enpol.2009.11.037&rft.aulast=Kumar&rft.aufirst=Ashish&rft.au=Shankar%2C+Ravi&rft.au=Momaya%2C+Kiran&rft.au=Gupte%2C+Sandeep&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMicrogeneration" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Electricity_delivery" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Electricity delivery"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Electricity_delivery" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Electricity_delivery" title="Electricity delivery">Electricity delivery</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automatic_generation_control" title="Automatic generation control">Automatic generation control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backfeeding" title="Backfeeding">Backfeeding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Base_load" title="Base load">Base load</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demand_factor" title="Demand factor">Demand factor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Droop_speed_control" title="Droop speed control">Droop speed control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_power" title="Electric power">Electric power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_power_quality" title="Electric power quality">Electric power quality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_fault" title="Electrical fault">Electrical fault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_demand_management" title="Energy demand management">Energy demand management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_return_on_investment" title="Energy return on investment">Energy return on investment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grid_code" title="Grid code">Grid code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grid_energy_storage" title="Grid energy storage">Grid energy storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grid_strength" class="mw-redirect" title="Grid strength">Grid strength</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_energy_storage" title="Home energy storage">Home energy storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Load-following_power_plant" title="Load-following power plant">Load-following</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merit_order" title="Merit order">Merit order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nameplate_capacity" title="Nameplate capacity">Nameplate capacity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peak_demand" title="Peak demand">Peak demand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_factor" title="Power factor">Power factor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power-flow_study" title="Power-flow study">Power-flow study</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repowering" title="Repowering">Repowering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utility_frequency" title="Utility frequency">Utility frequency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variable_renewable_energy" title="Variable renewable energy">Variability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle-to-grid" title="Vehicle-to-grid">Vehicle-to-grid</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Abspannportal.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal pylons of Kriftel substation near Frankfurt"><img alt="Portal pylons of Kriftel substation near Frankfurt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Abspannportal.jpg/120px-Abspannportal.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Abspannportal.jpg/180px-Abspannportal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Abspannportal.jpg/240px-Abspannportal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Non-renewable_resource" title="Non-renewable resource">Non-renewable</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel_power_station" title="Fossil fuel power station">Fossil fuel power station</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coal" title="Coal">Coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">Natural gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_shale" title="Oil shale">Oil shale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">Petroleum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">Nuclear</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy" title="Renewable energy">Renewable</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biofuel" title="Biofuel">Biofuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biogas" title="Biogas">Biogas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biomass" title="Biomass">Biomass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geothermal_power" title="Geothermal power">Geothermal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroelectricity" title="Hydroelectricity">Hydro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_energy" title="Marine energy">Marine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marine_current_power" title="Marine current power">Current</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmotic_power" title="Osmotic power">Osmotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_thermal_energy_conversion" title="Ocean thermal energy conversion">Thermal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tidal_power" title="Tidal power">Tidal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wave_power" title="Wave power">Wave</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power" title="Solar power">Solar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_biofuel" title="Sustainable biofuel">Sustainable biofuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power" title="Wind power">Wind</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Power_station_technology" title="Category:Power station technology">Generation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AC_power" title="AC power">AC power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cogeneration" title="Cogeneration">Cogeneration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combined_cycle_power_plant" title="Combined cycle power plant">Combined cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooling_tower" title="Cooling tower">Cooling tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Induction_generator" title="Induction generator">Induction generator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micro_combined_heat_and_power" title="Micro combined heat and power">Micro CHP</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Microgeneration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rankine_cycle" title="Rankine cycle">Rankine cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-phase_electric_power" title="Three-phase electric power">Three-phase electric power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_power_plant" title="Virtual power plant">Virtual power plant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Electric_power_transmission" title="Electric power transmission">Transmission</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Electric_power_distribution" title="Electric power distribution">distribution</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demand_response" title="Demand response">Demand response</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributed_generation" title="Distributed generation">Distributed generation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_demand_(electric_power)" title="Dynamic demand (electric power)">Dynamic demand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_power_distribution" title="Electric power distribution">Electric power distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_power_system" title="Electric power system">Electric power system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_power_transmission" title="Electric power transmission">Electric power transmission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_busbar_system" title="Electrical busbar system">Electrical busbar system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_grid" title="Electrical grid">Electrical grid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_substation" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrical substation">Electrical substation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_retailing" title="Electricity retailing">Electricity retailing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-voltage_direct_current" title="High-voltage direct current">High-voltage direct current</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-voltage_shore_connection" title="High-voltage shore connection">High-voltage shore connection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interconnector" title="Interconnector">Interconnector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Load_management" title="Load management">Load management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mains_electricity_by_country" title="Mains electricity by country">Mains electricity by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overhead_power_line" title="Overhead power line">Overhead power line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_station" title="Power station">Power station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumped-storage_hydroelectricity" title="Pumped-storage hydroelectricity">Pumped hydro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-wire_earth_return" title="Single-wire earth return">Single-wire earth return</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_grid" title="Smart grid">Smart grid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_grid" title="Super grid">Super grid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transformer" title="Transformer">Transformer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmission_system_operator" title="Transmission system operator">Transmission system operator</a> (TSO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmission_tower" title="Transmission tower">Transmission tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utility_pole" title="Utility pole">Utility pole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Failure modes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_start" title="Black start">Black start</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brownout_(electricity)" title="Brownout (electricity)">Brownout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascading_failure" title="Cascading failure">Cascading failure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_outage" title="Power outage">Power outage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rolling_blackout" title="Rolling blackout">Rolling blackout</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Protective<br />devices</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arc-fault_circuit_interrupter" title="Arc-fault circuit interrupter">Arc-fault circuit interrupter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circuit_breaker" title="Circuit breaker">Circuit breaker</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Earth-leakage_circuit_breaker" title="Earth-leakage circuit breaker">Earth-leakage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfur_hexafluoride_circuit_breaker" title="Sulfur hexafluoride circuit breaker">Sulfur hexafluoride</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generator_interlock_kit" title="Generator interlock kit">Generator interlock kit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numerical_relay" title="Numerical relay">Numerical relay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_system_protection" title="Power system protection">Power system protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protective_relay" title="Protective relay">Protective relay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Residual-current_device" title="Residual-current device">Residual-current device</a> (GFI)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Economics<br />and policies</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Availability_factor" title="Availability factor">Availability factor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capacity_factor" title="Capacity factor">Capacity factor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_offsets_and_credits" title="Carbon offsets and credits">Carbon offsets and credits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cost_of_electricity_by_source" title="Cost of electricity by source">Cost of electricity by source</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_subsidy" title="Energy subsidy">Energy subsidies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_tax" title="Environmental tax">Environmental tax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feed-in_tariff" title="Feed-in tariff">Feed-in tariff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel_phase-out" title="Fossil fuel phase-out">Fossil fuel phase-out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Load_factor_(electrical)" title="Load factor (electrical)">Load factor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Net_metering" title="Net metering">Net metering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigouvian_tax" title="Pigouvian tax">Pigouvian tax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_Energy_Certificate_(United_States)" title="Renewable Energy Certificate (United States)">Renewable Energy Certificates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_commercialization" title="Renewable energy commercialization">Renewable energy commercialization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_Energy_Payments" title="Renewable Energy Payments">Renewable Energy Payments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spark_spread" title="Spark spread">Spark/Dark/Quark/Bark spread</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Statistics and<br />production</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electric_energy_consumption" title="Electric energy consumption">Electric energy consumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_electricity_sectors" title="List of electricity sectors">List of electricity sectors</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Electric_power_distribution" title="Category:Electric power distribution">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Heating,_ventilation,_and_air_conditioning" style="vertical-align: middle;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:HVAC" title="Template:HVAC"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:HVAC" title="Template talk:HVAC"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:HVAC" title="Special:EditPage/Template:HVAC"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Heating,_ventilation,_and_air_conditioning" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Heating,_ventilation,_and_air_conditioning" title="Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning">Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fundamental <br />concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_changes_per_hour" title="Air changes per hour">Air changes per hour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bake-out" title="Bake-out">Bake-out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building_envelope" title="Building envelope">Building envelope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convection" title="Convection">Convection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dilution_(equation)" title="Dilution (equation)">Dilution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_energy_consumption" title="Domestic energy consumption">Domestic energy consumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enthalpy" title="Enthalpy">Enthalpy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluid_dynamics" title="Fluid dynamics">Fluid dynamics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_compressor" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas compressor">Gas compressor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_pump_and_refrigeration_cycle" title="Heat pump and refrigeration cycle">Heat pump and refrigeration cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_transfer" title="Heat transfer">Heat transfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humidity" title="Humidity">Humidity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infiltration_(HVAC)" title="Infiltration (HVAC)">Infiltration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latent_heat" title="Latent heat">Latent heat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_control" title="Noise control">Noise control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outgassing" title="Outgassing">Outgassing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Particulates" title="Particulates">Particulates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychrometrics" title="Psychrometrics">Psychrometrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensible_heat" title="Sensible heat">Sensible heat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stack_effect" title="Stack effect">Stack effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_comfort" title="Thermal comfort">Thermal comfort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_destratification" title="Thermal destratification">Thermal destratification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_mass" title="Thermal mass">Thermal mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermodynamics" title="Thermodynamics">Thermodynamics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vapour_pressure_of_water" title="Vapour pressure of water">Vapour pressure of water</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absorption-compression_heat_pump" title="Absorption-compression heat pump">Absorption-compression heat pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Absorption_refrigerator" title="Absorption refrigerator">Absorption refrigerator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_barrier" title="Air barrier">Air barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_conditioning" title="Air conditioning">Air conditioning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antifreeze" title="Antifreeze">Antifreeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automobile_air_conditioning" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobile air conditioning">Automobile air conditioning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_building" title="Autonomous building">Autonomous building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building_insulation_material" title="Building insulation material">Building insulation materials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_heating" title="Central heating">Central heating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_solar_heating" title="Central solar heating">Central solar heating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilled_beam" title="Chilled beam">Chilled beam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilled_water" title="Chilled water">Chilled water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constant_air_volume" title="Constant air volume">Constant air volume</a> (CAV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coolant" title="Coolant">Coolant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_ventilation" title="Cross ventilation">Cross ventilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dedicated_outdoor_air_system" title="Dedicated outdoor air system">Dedicated outdoor air system</a> (DOAS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_water_source_cooling" title="Deep water source cooling">Deep water source cooling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demand_controlled_ventilation" title="Demand controlled ventilation">Demand controlled ventilation</a> (DCV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Displacement_ventilation" title="Displacement ventilation">Displacement ventilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_cooling" title="District cooling">District cooling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_heating" title="District heating">District heating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_heating" title="Electric heating">Electric heating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_recovery_ventilation" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy recovery ventilation">Energy recovery ventilation</a> (ERV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firestop" title="Firestop">Firestop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced-air" title="Forced-air">Forced-air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced-air_gas" title="Forced-air gas">Forced-air gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_cooling" title="Free cooling">Free cooling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_recovery_ventilation" title="Heat recovery ventilation">Heat recovery ventilation</a> (HRV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hybrid_heat" title="Hybrid heat">Hybrid heat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydronics" title="Hydronics">Hydronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_storage_air_conditioning" title="Ice storage air conditioning">Ice storage air conditioning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_ventilation" title="Kitchen ventilation">Kitchen ventilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed-mode_ventilation" title="Mixed-mode ventilation">Mixed-mode ventilation</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Microgeneration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passive_cooling" title="Passive cooling">Passive cooling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passive_daytime_radiative_cooling" title="Passive daytime radiative cooling">Passive daytime radiative cooling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passive_house" title="Passive house">Passive house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passive_ventilation" title="Passive ventilation">Passive ventilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiant_heating_and_cooling" title="Radiant heating and cooling">Radiant heating and cooling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiant_cooling" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiant cooling">Radiant cooling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiant_heating" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiant heating">Radiant heating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radon_mitigation" title="Radon mitigation">Radon mitigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refrigeration" title="Refrigeration">Refrigeration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_heat" title="Renewable heat">Renewable heat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Room_air_distribution" title="Room air distribution">Room air distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_air_heat" title="Solar air heat">Solar air heat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_combisystem" title="Solar combisystem">Solar combisystem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_cooling" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar cooling">Solar cooling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_heating" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar heating">Solar heating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_insulation" title="Thermal insulation">Thermal insulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermosiphon" title="Thermosiphon">Thermosiphon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underfloor_air_distribution" title="Underfloor air distribution">Underfloor air distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underfloor_heating" title="Underfloor heating">Underfloor heating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vapor_barrier" title="Vapor barrier">Vapor barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vapor-compression_refrigeration" title="Vapor-compression refrigeration">Vapor-compression refrigeration</a> (VCRS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variable_air_volume" title="Variable air volume">Variable air volume</a> (VAV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variable_refrigerant_flow" title="Variable refrigerant flow">Variable refrigerant flow</a> (VRF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventilation_(architecture)" title="Ventilation (architecture)">Ventilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_heat_recycling" title="Water heat recycling">Water heat recycling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_conditioner_inverter" class="mw-redirect" title="Air conditioner inverter">Air conditioner inverter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_door" title="Air door">Air door</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_filter" title="Air filter">Air filter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_handler" title="Air handler">Air handler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_ioniser" title="Air ioniser">Air ionizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air-mixing_plenum" title="Air-mixing plenum">Air-mixing plenum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_purifier" title="Air purifier">Air purifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_source_heat_pump" title="Air source heat pump">Air source heat pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attic_fan" title="Attic fan">Attic fan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automatic_balancing_valve" title="Automatic balancing valve">Automatic balancing valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back_boiler" title="Back boiler">Back boiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrier_pipe" title="Barrier pipe">Barrier pipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blast_damper" title="Blast damper">Blast damper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boiler" title="Boiler">Boiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centrifugal_fan" title="Centrifugal fan">Centrifugal fan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceramic_heater" title="Ceramic heater">Ceramic heater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiller" title="Chiller">Chiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condensate_pump" title="Condensate pump">Condensate pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condenser_(heat_transfer)" title="Condenser (heat transfer)">Condenser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condensing_boiler" title="Condensing boiler">Condensing boiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convection_heater" title="Convection heater">Convection heater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compressor" title="Compressor">Compressor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooling_tower" title="Cooling tower">Cooling tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damper_(flow)" title="Damper (flow)">Damper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehumidifier" title="Dehumidifier">Dehumidifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duct_(flow)" title="Duct (flow)">Duct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economizer" title="Economizer">Economizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrostatic_precipitator" title="Electrostatic precipitator">Electrostatic precipitator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evaporative_cooler" title="Evaporative cooler">Evaporative cooler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evaporator" title="Evaporator">Evaporator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exhaust_hood" class="mw-redirect" title="Exhaust hood">Exhaust hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expansion_tank" title="Expansion tank">Expansion tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_(machine)" title="Fan (machine)">Fan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_coil_unit" title="Fan coil unit">Fan coil unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_filter_unit" title="Fan filter unit">Fan filter unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_heater" title="Fan heater">Fan heater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_damper" title="Fire damper">Fire damper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fireplace" title="Fireplace">Fireplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fireplace_insert" title="Fireplace insert">Fireplace insert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeze_stat" title="Freeze stat">Freeze stat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flue" title="Flue">Flue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freon" title="Freon">Freon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fume_hood" title="Fume hood">Fume hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furnace_(house_heating)" class="mw-redirect" title="Furnace (house heating)">Furnace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_compressor" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas compressor">Gas compressor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_heater" title="Gas heater">Gas heater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gasoline_heater" title="Gasoline heater">Gasoline heater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grease_duct" title="Grease duct">Grease duct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grille_(architecture)" title="Grille (architecture)">Grille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground-coupled_heat_exchanger" title="Ground-coupled heat exchanger">Ground-coupled heat exchanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground_source_heat_pump" title="Ground source heat pump">Ground source heat pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_exchanger" title="Heat exchanger">Heat exchanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_pipe" title="Heat pipe">Heat pipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_pump" title="Heat pump">Heat pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heating_film" title="Heating film">Heating film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heating_system" title="Heating system">Heating system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HEPA" title="HEPA">HEPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_efficiency_glandless_circulating_pump" title="High efficiency glandless circulating pump">High efficiency glandless circulating pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-pressure_cut-off_switch" class="mw-redirect" title="High-pressure cut-off switch">High-pressure cut-off switch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humidifier" title="Humidifier">Humidifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrared_heater" title="Infrared heater">Infrared heater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverter_compressor" title="Inverter compressor">Inverter compressor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerosene_heater" title="Kerosene heater">Kerosene heater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louver" title="Louver">Louver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanical_room" title="Mechanical room">Mechanical room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_heater" title="Oil heater">Oil heater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packaged_terminal_air_conditioner" title="Packaged terminal air conditioner">Packaged terminal air conditioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plenum_space" title="Plenum space">Plenum space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pressurisation_ductwork" title="Pressurisation ductwork">Pressurisation ductwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process_duct_work" title="Process duct work">Process duct work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiator_(heating)" title="Radiator (heating)">Radiator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiator_reflector" title="Radiator reflector">Radiator reflector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recuperator" title="Recuperator">Recuperator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refrigerant" title="Refrigerant">Refrigerant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Register_(air_and_heating)" title="Register (air and heating)">Register</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reversing_valve" title="Reversing valve">Reversing valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Run-around_coil" title="Run-around coil">Run-around coil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sail_switch" title="Sail switch">Sail switch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scroll_compressor" title="Scroll compressor">Scroll compressor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_chimney" title="Solar chimney">Solar chimney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar-assisted_heat_pump" title="Solar-assisted heat pump">Solar-assisted heat pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_heater" title="Space heater">Space heater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoke_canopy" title="Smoke canopy">Smoke canopy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoke_damper" title="Smoke damper">Smoke damper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoke_exhaust_ductwork" title="Smoke exhaust ductwork">Smoke exhaust ductwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_expansion_valve" title="Thermal expansion valve">Thermal expansion valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_wheel" title="Thermal wheel">Thermal wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermostatic_radiator_valve" title="Thermostatic radiator valve">Thermostatic radiator valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trickle_vent" title="Trickle vent">Trickle vent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trombe_wall" title="Trombe wall">Trombe wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TurboSwing" title="TurboSwing">TurboSwing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turning_vanes_(HVAC)" title="Turning vanes (HVAC)">Turning vanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-low_particulate_air" title="Ultra-low particulate air">Ultra-low particulate air</a> (ULPA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whole-house_fan" title="Whole-house fan">Whole-house fan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windcatcher" title="Windcatcher">Windcatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood-burning_stove" title="Wood-burning stove">Wood-burning stove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zone_valve" title="Zone valve">Zone valve</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Measurement<br />and control</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_flow_meter" title="Air flow meter">Air flow meter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquastat" title="Aquastat">Aquastat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BACnet" title="BACnet">BACnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blower_door" title="Blower door">Blower door</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building_automation" title="Building automation">Building automation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide_sensor" title="Carbon dioxide sensor">Carbon dioxide sensor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clean_air_delivery_rate" title="Clean air delivery rate">Clean air delivery rate</a> (CADR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Control_valve" title="Control valve">Control valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_detector" title="Gas detector">Gas detector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_energy_monitor" title="Home energy monitor">Home energy monitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humidistat" title="Humidistat">Humidistat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HVAC_control_system" title="HVAC control system">HVAC control system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrared_thermometer" title="Infrared thermometer">Infrared thermometer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligent_buildings" class="mw-redirect" title="Intelligent buildings">Intelligent buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LonWorks" title="LonWorks">LonWorks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimum_efficiency_reporting_value" title="Minimum efficiency reporting value">Minimum efficiency reporting value</a> (MERV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normal_temperature_and_pressure" class="mw-redirect" title="Normal temperature and pressure">Normal temperature and pressure</a> (NTP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenTherm" title="OpenTherm">OpenTherm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programmable_communicating_thermostat" title="Programmable communicating thermostat">Programmable communicating thermostat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programmable_thermostat" title="Programmable thermostat">Programmable thermostat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychrometrics" title="Psychrometrics">Psychrometrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Room_temperature" title="Room temperature">Room temperature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_thermostat" title="Smart thermostat">Smart thermostat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_temperature_and_pressure" title="Standard temperature and pressure">Standard temperature and pressure</a> (STP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermographic_camera" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermographic camera">Thermographic camera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermostat" title="Thermostat">Thermostat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermostatic_radiator_valve" title="Thermostatic radiator valve">Thermostatic radiator valve</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Professions,<br />trades,<br />and services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_acoustics" title="Architectural acoustics">Architectural acoustics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_engineering" title="Architectural engineering">Architectural engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_technologist" title="Architectural technologist">Architectural technologist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building_services_engineering" title="Building services engineering">Building services engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building_information_modeling" title="Building information modeling">Building information modeling</a> (BIM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_energy_retrofit" title="Deep energy retrofit">Deep energy retrofit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duct_cleaning" class="mw-redirect" title="Duct cleaning">Duct cleaning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duct_leakage_testing" title="Duct leakage testing">Duct leakage testing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_engineering" title="Environmental engineering">Environmental engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydronic_balancing" title="Hydronic balancing">Hydronic balancing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_exhaust_cleaning" title="Kitchen exhaust cleaning">Kitchen exhaust cleaning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanical_engineering" title="Mechanical engineering">Mechanical engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanical,_electrical,_and_plumbing" title="Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing">Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mold_growth,_assessment,_and_remediation" class="mw-redirect" title="Mold growth, assessment, and remediation">Mold growth, assessment, and remediation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refrigerant_reclamation" title="Refrigerant reclamation">Refrigerant reclamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testing,_adjusting,_balancing" title="Testing, adjusting, balancing">Testing, adjusting, balancing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industry <br />organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Conditioning,_Heating_and_Refrigeration_Institute" title="Air Conditioning, Heating and Refrigeration Institute">AHRI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Movement_and_Control_Association" title="Air Movement and Control Association">AMCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASHRAE" title="ASHRAE">ASHRAE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASTM_International" title="ASTM International">ASTM International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building_Research_Establishment" title="Building Research Establishment">BRE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSRIA" title="BSRIA">BSRIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartered_Institution_of_Building_Services_Engineers" title="Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers">CIBSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Refrigeration" title="Institute of Refrigeration">Institute of Refrigeration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Institute_of_Refrigeration" title="International Institute of Refrigeration">IIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leadership_in_Energy_and_Environmental_Design" class="mw-redirect" title="Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design">LEED</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheet_Metal_and_Air_Conditioning_Contractors%27_National_Association" title="Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors' National Association">SMACNA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniform_Mechanical_Code" title="Uniform Mechanical Code">UMC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Health and safety</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_air_quality" title="Indoor air quality">Indoor air quality</a> (IAQ)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passive_smoking" title="Passive smoking">Passive smoking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sick_building_syndrome" title="Sick building syndrome">Sick building syndrome</a> (SBS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volatile_organic_compound" title="Volatile organic compound">Volatile organic compound</a> (VOC)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASHRAE_Handbook" title="ASHRAE Handbook">ASHRAE Handbook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building_science" title="Building science">Building science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fireproofing" title="Fireproofing">Fireproofing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_HVAC_terms" title="Glossary of HVAC terms">Glossary of HVAC terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warm_Spaces" title="Warm Spaces">Warm Spaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Refrigeration_Day" title="World Refrigeration Day">World Refrigeration Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Home_automation" title="Template:Home automation">Template:Home automation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Solar_energy" title="Template:Solar energy">Template:Solar energy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Microgeneration&oldid=1256204484">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Microgeneration&oldid=1256204484</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Energy_development" title="Category:Energy development">Energy 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