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class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Subdisciplines of architectural engineering subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Subdisciplines_of_architectural_engineering-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mechanical,_electrical,_and_plumbing_(MEP)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mechanical,_electrical,_and_plumbing_(MEP)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mechanical,_electrical,_and_plumbing_(MEP)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structural_Engineering" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structural_Engineering"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Structural Engineering</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Structural_Engineering-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sustainable_Engineering" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sustainable_Engineering"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Sustainable Engineering</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sustainable_Engineering-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Building_Envelope_Engineering" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Building_Envelope_Engineering"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Building Envelope Engineering</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Building_Envelope_Engineering-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fire_Protection_Engineering" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fire_Protection_Engineering"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Fire Protection Engineering</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fire_Protection_Engineering-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Acoustical_Engineering" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Acoustical_Engineering"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Acoustical Engineering</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Acoustical_Engineering-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_architectural_engineer_(PE)_in_the_United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_architectural_engineer_(PE)_in_the_United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>The architectural engineer (PE) in the United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_architectural_engineer_(PE)_in_the_United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_architect_as_architectural_engineer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_architect_as_architectural_engineer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>The architect as architectural engineer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_architect_as_architectural_engineer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Architectural_engineering_as_a_single_integrated_field_of_study" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architectural_engineering_as_a_single_integrated_field_of_study"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Architectural engineering as a single integrated field of study</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architectural_engineering_as_a_single_integrated_field_of_study-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-See_also-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle See also subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Associations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Associations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Associations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Associations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Architectural engineering</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 37 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">37 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="هندسة معمارية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هندسة معمارية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inxenier%C3%ADa_de_la_edificaci%C3%B3n" title="Inxeniería de la edificación – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Inxeniería de la edificación" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%B2" title="স্থাপত্য প্রকৌশল – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="স্থাপত্য প্রকৌশল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enginyeria_de_l%27edificaci%C3%B3" title="Enginyeria de l'edificació – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Enginyeria de l'edificació" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bauwesen" title="Bauwesen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bauwesen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingenier%C3%ADa_de_la_edificaci%C3%B3n" title="Ingeniería de la edificación – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ingeniería de la edificación" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstrufako" title="Konstrufako – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Konstrufako" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eraikingintza_ingeniaritza" title="Eraikingintza ingeniaritza – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Eraikingintza ingeniaritza" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="مهندسی ساختمان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مهندسی ساختمان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B1%B4%EC%B6%95%EA%B3%B5%ED%95%99" title="건축공학 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="건축공학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="वास्तुशिल्पीय इंजीनियरी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वास्तुशिल्पीय इंजीनियरी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strukturo" title="Strukturo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Strukturo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rekayasa_arsitektur" title="Rekayasa arsitektur – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rekayasa arsitektur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingegneria_edile" title="Ingegneria edile – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ingegneria edile" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F" title="מערכות בניין – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מערכות בניין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boewk%C3%B3nde" title="Boewkónde – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Boewkónde" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89p%C3%ADt%C3%A9s%C3%BCgy" title="Építésügy – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Építésügy" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kejuruteraan_bangunan" title="Kejuruteraan bangunan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kejuruteraan bangunan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Барилгын салбар – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Барилгын салбар" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouwkunde" title="Bouwkunde – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bouwkunde" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E5%B7%A5%E5%AD%A6" title="建築工学 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="建築工学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budownictwo" title="Budownictwo – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Budownictwo" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engenharia_arquitet%C3%B4nica" title="Engenharia arquitetônica – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Engenharia arquitetônica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servicii_tehnice_din_construc%C8%9Bii" title="Servicii tehnice din construcții – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Servicii tehnice din construcții" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Архитектурная инженерия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Архитектурная инженерия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baukunde" title="Baukunde – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Baukunde" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhitektonsko_in%C5%BEenjerstvo" title="Arhitektonsko inženjerstvo – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Arhitektonsko inženjerstvo" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakennussuunnittelu" title="Rakennussuunnittelu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Rakennussuunnittelu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inhinyeriyang_pang-arkitektura" title="Inhinyeriyang pang-arkitektura – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Inhinyeriyang pang-arkitektura" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="கட்டகக்கவின் பொறியியல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கட்டகக்கவின் பொறியியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mimari_m%C3%BChendislik" title="Mimari mühendislik – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mimari mühendislik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Архітектурна інженерія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Архітектурна інженерія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DB%81%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="معماری ہندسیات – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="معماری ہندسیات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouw" title="Bouw – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Bouw" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inhenyeriya_pan-arkitektura" title="Inhenyeriya pan-arkitektura – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Inhenyeriya pan-arkitektura" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="建築工程 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="建築工程" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" 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Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20071123_Ratner_Center.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/20071123_Ratner_Center.jpg/220px-20071123_Ratner_Center.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/20071123_Ratner_Center.jpg/330px-20071123_Ratner_Center.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/20071123_Ratner_Center.jpg/440px-20071123_Ratner_Center.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3246" data-file-height="2244" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Pelli" title="César Pelli">César Pelli</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Ratner_Athletic_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Ratner Athletic Center">Ratner Athletic Center</a> uses <a href="/wiki/Wire_rope" title="Wire rope">cables</a> and <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mast" class="extiw" title="wikt:mast">masts</a> as load-bearing devices</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Architectural engineering</b> or <b>architecture engineering</b>, also known as <b>building engineering</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Academic_discipline" title="Academic discipline">discipline</a> that deals with the engineering and construction of <a href="/wiki/Building" title="Building">buildings</a>, such as environmental, structural, mechanical, electrical, computational, embeddable, and other research domains. It is related to <a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">Architecture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mechatronics_Engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Mechatronics Engineering">Mechatronics Engineering</a>, <a href="/wiki/Computer_engineering" title="Computer engineering">Computer Engineering</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aerospace_engineering" title="Aerospace engineering">Aerospace Engineering</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Civil_engineering" title="Civil engineering">Civil Engineering</a>, but distinguished from <a href="/wiki/Interior_design" title="Interior design">Interior Design</a> and <a href="/wiki/Architectural_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Architectural design">Architectural Design</a> as an art and science of designing infrastructure through these various engineering disciplines, from which properly align with many related surrounding engineering advancements.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From reduction of <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions" title="Greenhouse gas emissions">greenhouse gas emissions</a> to the construction of resilient buildings, architectural engineers are at the forefront of addressing several major challenges of the 21st century. They apply the latest scientific knowledge and technologies to the <a href="/wiki/Design" title="Design">design</a> of <a href="/wiki/Buildings" class="mw-redirect" title="Buildings">buildings</a>. Architectural engineering as a relatively new licensed profession emerged in the 20th century as a result of the rapid technological developments. Architectural engineers are at the forefront of two major historical opportunities that today's world is immersed in: (1) that of rapidly advancing computer-technology, and (2) the parallel revolution of environmental sustainability.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Architect" title="Architect">Architects</a> and architectural engineers both play crucial roles in building design and construction, but they focus on different aspects. Architectural engineers specialize in the technical and structural aspects, ensuring buildings are safe, efficient, and sustainable. Their education blends architecture with engineering, focusing on structural integrity, mechanical systems, and energy efficiency. They design and analyze building systems, conduct feasibility studies, and collaborate with architects to integrate technical requirements into the overall design. Architects, on the other hand, emphasize the aesthetic, functional, and spatial elements, developing design concepts and detailed plans to meet client needs and comply with regulations. Their education focuses on <a href="/wiki/Architectural_theory" title="Architectural theory">design theory</a>, history, and artistic aspects, and they oversee the construction process to ensure the design is correctly implemented. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Subdisciplines_of_architectural_engineering">Subdisciplines of architectural engineering</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architectural_engineering&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Subdisciplines of architectural engineering"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mechanical,_electrical,_and_plumbing_(MEP)"><span id="Mechanical.2C_electrical.2C_and_plumbing_.28MEP.29"></span>Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architectural_engineering&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mechanical,_electrical,_and_plumbing" title="Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing">Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MEP_Room_Virginia_Tech.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/MEP_Room_Virginia_Tech.JPG/220px-MEP_Room_Virginia_Tech.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/MEP_Room_Virginia_Tech.JPG/330px-MEP_Room_Virginia_Tech.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/MEP_Room_Virginia_Tech.JPG/440px-MEP_Room_Virginia_Tech.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>MEP systems in a building</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Mechanical_engineering" title="Mechanical engineering">Mechanical engineering</a> and <a href="/wiki/Electrical_engineering" title="Electrical engineering">electrical engineering</a> engineers are specialists when engaged in the building design fields.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is known as <a href="/wiki/Mechanical,_electrical,_and_plumbing" title="Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing">mechanical, electrical, and plumbing</a> (MEP) throughout the United States, or <a href="/wiki/Building_services_engineering" title="Building services engineering">building services engineering</a> in the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mechanical engineers often design and oversee the <a href="/wiki/Heating,_ventilation_and_air_conditioning" class="mw-redirect" title="Heating, ventilation and air conditioning">heating, ventilation and air conditioning</a> (HVAC), <a href="/wiki/Plumbing" title="Plumbing">plumbing</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rain_gutter" title="Rain gutter">rainwater</a> systems. Plumbing designers often include design specifications for simple <a href="/wiki/Active_fire_protection" title="Active fire protection">active fire protection</a> systems, but for more complicated projects, <a href="/wiki/Fire_protection_engineering" title="Fire protection engineering">fire protection engineers</a> are often separately retained. Electrical engineers are responsible for the building's <a href="/wiki/Power_distribution" class="mw-redirect" title="Power distribution">power distribution</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telecommunication" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunication">telecommunication</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fire_alarm" class="mw-redirect" title="Fire alarm">fire alarm</a>, signalization, <a href="/wiki/Lightning_protection" class="mw-redirect" title="Lightning protection">lightning protection</a> and <a href="/wiki/Control_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Control systems">control systems</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Architectural_lighting_design" title="Architectural lighting design">lighting systems</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Structural_Engineering">Structural Engineering</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architectural_engineering&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Structural Engineering"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Structural_engineering" title="Structural engineering">Structural engineering</a></div> <p>Structural engineering involves the analysis and design of the built environment (buildings, bridges, equipment supports, towers and walls).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IStructE_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IStructE-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those concentrating on buildings are sometimes informally referred to as "building engineers". Structural engineers require expertise in <a href="/wiki/Strength_of_materials" title="Strength of materials">strength of materials</a>, <a href="/wiki/Structural_analysis" title="Structural analysis">structural analysis</a>, and in predicting <a href="/wiki/Structural_load" title="Structural load">structural load</a> such as from weight of the building, occupants and contents, and extreme events such as wind, rain, ice, and <a href="/wiki/Seismic_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Seismic design">seismic design</a> of structures which is referred to as <a href="/wiki/Earthquake_engineering" title="Earthquake engineering">earthquake engineering</a>. Architectural engineers sometimes incorporate structural as one aspect of their designs; the structural discipline when practiced as a specialty works closely with architects and other engineering specialists.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sustainable_Engineering">Sustainable Engineering</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architectural_engineering&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Sustainable Engineering"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_engineering" title="Sustainable engineering">Sustainable engineering</a></div> <p>Sustainable engineering involves designing or operating systems to use energy and resources in a way that maintains environmental balance and ensures that future generations can meet their own needs without compromising the natural environment.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Architectural engineers are influenced by sustainable engineering principles in their education, training, and practice, integrating sustainable design strategies to create buildings and structures that minimize environmental impact and enhance energy efficiency. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Building_Envelope_Engineering">Building Envelope Engineering</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architectural_engineering&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Building Envelope Engineering"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Building_envelope" title="Building envelope">Building envelope</a></div> <p>Building enclosure and façade engineering involves the design and management of the outer shell of a building, which acts as a barrier between the interior and exterior environments. This includes walls, roofs, windows, doors, and other components that collectively ensure the building is protected from external elements such as air, water, heat, light, and noise. </p><p>The building envelope plays a crucial role in maintaining indoor comfort by controlling temperature, humidity, and airflow. It also contributes to the building's energy efficiency by minimizing heat loss in the winter and heat gain in the summer. Engineers in this field work on making sure the envelope is structurally sound, aesthetically pleasing, and performs effectively to meet various functional requirements. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fire_Protection_Engineering">Fire Protection Engineering</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architectural_engineering&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Fire Protection Engineering"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Fire_protection_engineering" title="Fire protection engineering">Fire protection engineering</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Fire_protection" title="Fire protection">Fire protection</a> engineering is a subfield of building engineering focused on the design and application of systems and practices that prevent, control, and mitigate the impact of fires. This discipline aims to protect people, property, and the environment from the destructive effects of fire through a combination of preventive measures, detection systems, and response strategies. </p><p>Fire protection engineers use their expertise to <a href="/wiki/Fire_investigation" title="Fire investigation">analyze potential fire scenarios</a>, model the spread of fire and smoke, and design systems that effectively protect lives and property. They collaborate with architects, builders, and safety officials to integrate fire protection measures into the overall design and operation of buildings and facilities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Acoustical_Engineering">Acoustical Engineering</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architectural_engineering&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Acoustical Engineering"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Acoustical_engineering" title="Acoustical engineering">Acoustical engineering</a></div> <p>Acoustical or <a href="/wiki/Acoustics" title="Acoustics">acoustics</a> engineering in building design focuses on controlling sound within and around buildings to create a comfortable and functional auditory environment. This discipline involves the study and application of principles to manage noise levels, improve sound quality, and ensure effective <a href="/wiki/Soundproofing" title="Soundproofing">sound insulation</a>. </p><p>Acoustical engineers work closely with architects, builders, and other engineers to integrate sound control measures into the overall design of a building. They use advanced modeling and simulation tools to predict how sound will behave in different spaces and employ various materials and techniques to achieve the desired acoustic performance. Their goal is to create environments that are acoustically comfortable, meeting the specific needs of the building's occupants and its intended use. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_architectural_engineer_(PE)_in_the_United_States"><span id="The_architectural_engineer_.28PE.29_in_the_United_States"></span>The architectural engineer (PE) in the United States</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architectural_engineering&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: The architectural engineer (PE) in the United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Architectural_engineer_(PE)" title="Architectural engineer (PE)">Architectural engineer (PE)</a></div> <p>In many jurisdictions of the United States, the architectural engineer is a <a href="/wiki/Professional_engineer" class="mw-redirect" title="Professional engineer">licensed</a> engineering professional.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Usually a graduate of an <a href="/wiki/ABET" title="ABET">EAC/ABET-accredited</a> architectural engineering university program preparing students to perform whole-building design in competition with architect-engineer teams;<sup id="cite_ref-auto_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or for practice in one of structural, mechanical or electrical fields of building design, but with an appreciation of integrated architectural requirements. Although some states require a BS degree from an EAC/ABET-accredited engineering program, with no exceptions, about two thirds of the states accept BS degrees from ETAC/ABET-accredited architectural engineering technology programs to become licensed engineering professionals. Architectural engineering technology graduates, with applied engineering skills, often gain further learning with an MS degree in engineering and/or NAAB-accredited Masters of Architecture to become licensed as both an engineer and architect. This path requires the individual to pass state licensing exams in both disciplines. States handle this situation differently on experienced gained working under a licensed engineer and/or registered architect prior to taking the examinations. This education model is more in line with the educational system in the United Kingdom where an accredited MEng or MS degree in engineering for further learning is required by the Engineering Council to be registered as a <a href="/wiki/Chartered_Engineer_(UK)" title="Chartered Engineer (UK)">Chartered Engineer</a>. The <a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Architectural_Registration_Boards" title="National Council of Architectural Registration Boards">National Council of Architectural Registration Boards</a> (NCARB) facilitate the licensure and credentialing of architects but requirements for registration often vary between states. In the state of New Jersey, a registered architect is allowed to sit for the PE exam and a professional engineer is allowed to take the design portions of the Architectural Registration Exam (ARE), to become a registered architect. </p><p>Formal architectural engineering education, following the engineering model of earlier disciplines, developed in the late 19th century, and became widespread in the United States by the mid-20th century. With the establishment of a specific "architectural engineering" <a href="/wiki/NCEES" class="mw-redirect" title="NCEES">NCEES</a> <a href="/wiki/Professional_Engineer" class="mw-redirect" title="Professional Engineer">Professional Engineering</a> registration examination in the 1990s, and first offering in April 2003, architectural engineering became recognized as a distinct engineering discipline in the United States. Up to date NCEES account allows engineers to apply to other states PE license "by comity". </p><p>In most license-regulated jurisdictions, architectural engineers are not entitled to practice architecture unless they are also licensed as architects. Practice of structural engineering in high-risk locations, e.g., due to strong earthquakes, or on specific types of higher importance buildings such as hospitals, may require separate licensing as well. Regulations and customary practice vary widely by state or city. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_architect_as_architectural_engineer">The architect as architectural engineer<span class="anchor" id="Architect"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architectural_engineering&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: The architect as architectural engineer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Architect#Professional_requirements" title="Architect">Architect § Professional requirements</a></div> <p>In some countries, the practice of architecture includes planning, designing and overseeing the building's construction, and architecture, as a <a href="/wiki/Profession" title="Profession">profession</a> providing <a href="/wiki/Architect#Architects_in_practice" title="Architect">architectural services</a>, is referred to as "architectural engineering". In Japan, a "first-class architect" plays the dual role of architect and building engineer, although the services of a licensed "structural design first-class architect"(構造設計一級建築士) are required for buildings over a certain scale.<sup id="cite_ref-JapanInfoCenter_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JapanInfoCenter-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In some languages, such as <a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>, "architect" is literally translated as "architectural engineer". In some countries, an "architectural engineer" (such as the <i>ingegnere edile</i> in Italy) is entitled to practice <a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">architecture</a> and is often referred to as an architect.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> These individuals are often also structural engineers. In other countries, such as Germany, Austria, Iran, and most of the Arab countries, architecture graduates receive an engineering degree (<i>Dipl.-Ing. – Diplom-Ingenieur</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Spain, an "architect" has a technical university education and legal powers to carry out building structure and facility projects.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Brazil, architects and engineers used to share the same accreditation process (Conselho Federal de Engenheiros, Arquitetos e Agrônomos (CONFEA) – Federal Council of Engineering, Architecture and Agronomy). Now the Brazilian architects and urbanists have their own accreditation process (CAU – Architecture and Urbanism Council). Besides traditional architecture design training, Brazilian architecture courses also offer complementary training in engineering disciplines such as structural, electrical, hydraulic and mechanical engineering. After graduation, architects focus in architectural planning, yet they can be responsible to the whole building, when it concerns to small buildings (except in electric wiring, where the architect autonomy is limited to systems up to 30kVA, and it has to be done by an Electrical Engineer), applied to buildings, urban environment, built cultural heritage, landscape planning, interiorscape planning and regional planning.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Greece licensed architectural engineers are graduates from architecture faculties that belong to the Polytechnic University,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> obtaining an "Engineering Diploma". They graduate after 5 years of studies and are fully entitled architects once they become members of the Technical Chamber of Greece (TEE – Τεχνικό Επιμελητήριο Ελλάδος).<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Technical Chamber of Greece has more than 100,000 members encompassing all the engineering disciplines as well as architecture. A prerequisite for being a member is to be licensed as a qualified engineer or architect and to be a graduate of an engineering and architecture schools of a Greek university, or of an equivalent school from abroad. The Technical Chamber of Greece is the authorized body to provide work licenses to engineers of all disciplines as well as architects, graduated in Greece or abroad. The license is awarded after examinations. The examinations take place three to four times a year. The Engineering Diploma equals a master's degree in ECTS units (300) according to the Bologna Accords.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architectural_engineering&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Engineer%27s_degree" title="Engineer's degree">Engineer's degree</a></div> <p>The architectural, structural, mechanical and electrical engineering branches each have well established educational requirements that are usually fulfilled by completion of a university program.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Canada, a CEAB-accredited engineer degree is the minimum academic requirement for registration as a P.Eng (<a href="/wiki/Professional_engineer" class="mw-redirect" title="Professional engineer">professional engineer</a>) anywhere in Canada and the standard against which all other engineering academic qualifications are measured.<sup id="cite_ref-apegm.mb.ca_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apegm.mb.ca-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A graduate of a non-CEAB-accredited program must demonstrate that his or her education is at least equivalent to that of a graduate of a CEAB-accredited program.<sup id="cite_ref-apegm.mb.ca_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apegm.mb.ca-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, the engineer's degree is called <i>Bằng kỹ sư</i>, the first degree after five years of study. The Ministry of Education of Vietnam has also issued separate regulations for the naming of degrees not in accordance with international regulation.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Air_handling_unit.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Air_handling_unit.JPG/225px-Air_handling_unit.JPG" decoding="async" width="225" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Air_handling_unit.JPG/338px-Air_handling_unit.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Air_handling_unit.JPG/450px-Air_handling_unit.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1109" data-file-height="738" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/Air_handling_unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Air handling unit">air handling unit</a> is used for the heating and cooling of air in a central location (click on image for legend). Bringing together knowledge of <a href="/wiki/Acoustic_engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Acoustic engineering">acoustic engineering</a> and <a href="/wiki/HVAC" class="mw-redirect" title="HVAC">HVAC</a> is one example of the multi-disciplined nature of architectural engineering</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architectural_engineering_as_a_single_integrated_field_of_study">Architectural engineering as a single integrated field of study</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architectural_engineering&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Architectural engineering as a single integrated field of study"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Building_engineering_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Building engineering education">Building engineering education</a></div> <p>Its multi-disciplinary engineering approach is what differentiates architectural engineering from architecture (the field of the architect): which is an integrated, separate and single, field of study when compared to other engineering disciplines. </p><p>Through training in and appreciation of architecture, the field seeks integration of building systems within its overall building design. Architectural engineering includes the design of building systems including <a href="/wiki/HVAC" class="mw-redirect" title="HVAC">heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC)</a>, plumbing, <a href="/wiki/Fire_protection" title="Fire protection">fire protection</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electrical" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrical">electrical</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lighting" title="Lighting">lighting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Architectural_acoustics" title="Architectural acoustics">architectural acoustics</a>, and structural systems. In some university programs, students are required to concentrate on one of the systems; in others, they can receive a generalist architectural or building engineering degree. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architectural_engineering&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Engineering" title="Portal:Engineering">Engineering portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_drawing" title="Architectural drawing">Architectural drawing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_technologist" title="Architectural technologist">Architectural technologist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_technology" title="Architectural technology">Architectural technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building_engineer" title="Building engineer">Building engineer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building_officials" title="Building officials">Building officials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_engineering" title="Civil engineering">Civil engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_engineering" title="Construction engineering">Construction engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contour_crafting" title="Contour crafting">Contour crafting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIN_276" title="DIN 276">DIN 276</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_architectural_engineering" title="History of architectural engineering">History of architectural engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Building_Code" class="mw-redirect" title="International Building Code">International Building Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_protection_engineering" title="Fire protection engineering">Fire protection engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanical,_electrical,_and_plumbing" title="Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing">Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_architecture" title="Outline of architecture">Outline of architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_hardening" title="Storm hardening">Storm hardening</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Associations">Associations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architectural_engineering&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Associations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Architectural Engineering Institute (AEI) of <a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Civil_Engineers" title="American Society of Civil Engineers">American Society of Civil Engineers</a> (ASCE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Institute_of_Architects" title="American Institute of Architects">American Institute of Architects</a> (AIA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASHRAE" title="ASHRAE">American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers</a> (ASHRAE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Plumbing_Engineers" title="American Society of Plumbing Engineers">American Society of Plumbing Engineers</a> (ASPE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Associated_General_Contractors_of_America" title="Associated General Contractors of America">Associated General Contractors</a> (AGC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illuminating_Engineering_Society" title="Illuminating Engineering Society">Illuminating Engineering Society</a> (IES)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Electrical_and_Electronics_Engineers" title="Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers">Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers</a> (IEEE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Fire_Protection_Association" title="National Fire Protection Association">National Fire Protection Association</a> (NFPA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Society_of_Professional_Engineers" title="National Society of Professional Engineers">National Society of Professional Engineers</a> (NPSE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Fire_Protection_Engineers" title="Society of Fire Protection Engineers">Society of Fire Protection Engineers</a> (SFPE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Green_Building_Council" title="U.S. Green Building Council">U.S. Green Building Council</a> (USGBC)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architectural_engineering&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/architectural%20engineering">Definition of architectural engineering.</a> <i>Merriam Webster Dictionary</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output 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reaction engineering">Chemical reaction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrochemical_engineering" title="Electrochemical engineering">Electrochemical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_engineering" title="Food engineering">Food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_engineering" title="Molecular engineering">Molecular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_engineering" title="Paper engineering">Paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_engineering" title="Petroleum engineering">Petroleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process_engineering" title="Process engineering">Process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_reaction_engineering" title="Chemical reaction engineering">Reaction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Materials_science" title="Materials science">Materials</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biomaterial" title="Biomaterial">Biomaterial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceramic_engineering" title="Ceramic engineering">Ceramics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrosion_engineering" title="Corrosion engineering">Corrosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metallurgy" title="Metallurgy">Metallurgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_engineering" title="Molecular engineering">Molecular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanotechnology" title="Nanotechnology">Nanotechnology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polymer_engineering" title="Polymer engineering">Polymers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semiconductor_device" title="Semiconductor device">Semiconductors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_engineering" title="Surface engineering">Surfaces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_engineering" title="Agricultural engineering">Agricultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence_engineering" title="Artificial intelligence engineering">AI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_engineer" title="Audio engineer">Audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automation_engineering" title="Automation engineering">Automation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biomedical_engineering" title="Biomedical engineering">Biomedical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bioinformatics" title="Bioinformatics">Bioinformatics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_engineering" title="Clinical engineering">Clinical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_technology" title="Health technology">Health technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_engineering" title="Pharmaceutical engineering">Pharmaceutical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rehabilitation_engineering" title="Rehabilitation engineering">Rehabilitation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building_services_engineering" title="Building services engineering">Building services</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mechanical,_electrical,_and_plumbing" title="Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing">MEP</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_engineering" title="Climate engineering">Geoengineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cybersecurity_engineering" title="Cybersecurity engineering">Cybersecurity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_engineering" title="Data engineering">Data</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_engineer" title="Design engineer">Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineering_drawing" title="Engineering drawing">Engineering drawing</a>/graphics</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineering_management" title="Engineering management">Engineering management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineering_mathematics" title="Engineering mathematics">Engineering mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineering_physics" title="Engineering physics">Engineering physics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explosives_engineering" title="Explosives engineering">Explosives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facilities_engineering" title="Facilities engineering">Facilities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_protection_engineering" title="Fire protection engineering">Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forensic_engineering" title="Forensic engineering">Forensic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geomatics_engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Geomatics engineering">Geomatics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_engineering" title="Industrial engineering">Industrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_engineering" title="Information engineering">Information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instrumentation_engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Instrumentation engineering">Instrumentation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Instrumentation_and_control_engineering" title="Instrumentation and control engineering">and Control</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logistics_engineering" title="Logistics engineering">Logistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robotics" title="Robotics">Robotics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechatronics" title="Mechatronics">Mechatronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_engineering" title="Military engineering">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Computer_networks_engineering&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Computer networks engineering (page does not exist)">Networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_engineering" title="Nuclear engineering">Nuclear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontology_engineering" title="Ontology engineering">Ontology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packaging_engineering" title="Packaging engineering">Packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privacy_engineering" title="Privacy engineering">Privacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robotics_engineering" title="Robotics engineering">Robotics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_engineering" title="Safety engineering">Safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survey_engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Survey engineering">Survey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_engineering" title="Security engineering">Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_engineering" title="Software engineering">Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_engineering" title="Sustainable engineering">Sustainability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_engineering" title="Systems engineering">Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Textile engineering">Textile</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.png/50px-Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.png/75px-Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.png/100px-Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Engineering_education" title="Engineering education">Engineering education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Engineering" title="Bachelor of Engineering">Bachelor of Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">Bachelor of Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master%27s_degree" title="Master's degree">Master's degree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctorate" title="Doctorate">Doctorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graduate_certificate" title="Graduate certificate">Graduate certificate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineer%27s_degree" title="Engineer's degree">Engineer's degree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulation_and_licensure_in_engineering" title="Regulation and licensure in engineering">Licensed engineer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Engineer" title="Engineer">Engineer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Glossary" title="Glossary">Glossaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Engineering <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_engineering:_A%E2%80%93L" title="Glossary of engineering: A–L">A–L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_engineering:_M%E2%80%93Z" title="Glossary of engineering: M–Z">M–Z</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_aerospace_engineering" title="Glossary of aerospace engineering">Aerospace engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_civil_engineering" title="Glossary of civil engineering">Civil engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_electrical_and_electronics_engineering" title="Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering">Electrical and electronics engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_mechanical_engineering" title="Glossary of mechanical engineering">Mechanical engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_structural_engineering" title="Glossary of structural engineering">Structural engineering</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" 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data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Engineering" class="extiw" title="commons:Engineering">Commons</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Engineering" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Engineering">Wikiproject</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Engineering" title="Portal:Engineering">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tallest_buildings_and_structures" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tallest_buildings_and_structures" title="Template:Tallest buildings and structures"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tallest_buildings_and_structures" title="Template talk:Tallest buildings and structures"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tallest_buildings_and_structures" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tallest buildings and structures"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tallest_buildings_and_structures" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_and_structures" title="List of tallest buildings and structures">Tallest buildings and structures</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_world%27s_tallest_buildings" title="History of the world's tallest buildings">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skyscraper" title="Skyscraper">Skyscraper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storey" title="Storey">Storey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings" title="List of tallest buildings">Buildings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Africa" title="List of tallest buildings in Africa">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Asia" title="List of tallest buildings in Asia">Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_and_structures_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="List of tallest buildings and structures in the Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Southeast_Asia" title="List of tallest buildings in Southeast Asia">Southeast</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Europe" title="List of tallest buildings in Europe">Europe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_the_Balkans" title="List of tallest buildings in the Balkans">Balkans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_the_Baltic_states" title="List of tallest buildings in the Baltic states">Baltic states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Scandinavia" title="List of tallest buildings in Scandinavia">Scandinavia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Oceania" title="List of tallest buildings in Oceania">Oceania</a></li> <li>The Americas <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_North_America" title="List of tallest buildings in North America">North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Central_America" title="List of tallest buildings in Central America">Central America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Latin_America" title="List of tallest buildings in Latin America">Latin America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_South_America" title="List of tallest buildings in South America">South America</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_by_country" title="List of tallest buildings by country">By country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Albania" title="List of tallest buildings in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Algeria" title="List of tallest buildings in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Argentina" title="List of tallest buildings in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Australia" title="List of tallest buildings in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Austria" title="List of tallest buildings in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Azerbaijan" title="List of tallest buildings in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Bangladesh" title="List of tallest buildings in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Bolivia" title="List of tallest buildings in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="List of tallest buildings in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Brazil" title="List of tallest buildings in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Bulgaria" title="List of tallest buildings in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Cambodia" title="List of tallest buildings in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Canada" title="List of tallest buildings in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Chile" title="List of tallest buildings in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_China" title="List of tallest buildings in China">China</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of tallest buildings in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Macau" title="List of tallest buildings in Macau">Macau</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Colombia" title="List of tallest buildings in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Croatia" title="List of tallest buildings in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Cyprus" title="List of tallest buildings in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="List of tallest buildings in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Denmark" title="List of tallest buildings in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Ecuador" title="List of tallest buildings in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Estonia" title="List of tallest buildings in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Finland" title="List of tallest buildings in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_France" title="List of tallest buildings in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Georgia_(country)" title="List of tallest buildings in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Germany" title="List of tallest buildings in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_and_structures_in_Greece" title="List of tallest buildings and structures in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Iceland" title="List of tallest buildings in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_India" title="List of tallest buildings in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Indonesia" title="List of tallest buildings in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Iran" title="List of tallest buildings in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Ireland" title="List of tallest buildings in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Israel" title="List of tallest buildings in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Italy" title="List of tallest buildings in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_Japan" title="List of tallest structures in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Kazakhstan" title="List of tallest buildings in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Kenya" title="List of tallest buildings in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Kosovo" title="List of tallest buildings in Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Kuwait" title="List of tallest buildings in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Latvia" title="List of tallest buildings in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Lebanon" title="List of tallest buildings in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Lithuania" title="List of tallest buildings in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Malaysia" title="List of tallest buildings in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Malta" title="List of tallest buildings in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Mexico" title="List of tallest buildings in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Monaco" title="List of tallest buildings in Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Mongolia" title="List of tallest buildings in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Morocco" title="List of tallest buildings in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Myanmar" title="List of tallest buildings in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_the_Netherlands" title="List of tallest buildings in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Nigeria" title="List of tallest buildings in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_North_Korea" title="List of tallest buildings in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_North_Macedonia" title="List of tallest buildings in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Norway" title="List of tallest buildings in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Panama_City" title="List of tallest buildings in Panama City">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Pakistan" title="List of tallest buildings in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Peru" title="List of tallest buildings in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_the_Philippines" title="List of tallest structures in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Poland" title="List of tallest buildings in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Portugal" title="List of tallest buildings in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Romania" title="List of tallest buildings in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Russia" title="List of tallest buildings in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="List of tallest buildings in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_Serbia#Buildings" title="List of tallest structures in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Singapore" title="List of tallest buildings in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Slovenia" title="List of tallest buildings in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Slovakia" title="List of tallest buildings in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_South_Africa" title="List of tallest buildings in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_South_Korea" title="List of tallest buildings in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Spain" title="List of tallest buildings in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Sweden" title="List of tallest buildings in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Switzerland" title="List of tallest buildings in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Taiwan" title="List of tallest buildings in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Tanzania" title="List of tallest buildings in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_Thailand" title="List of tallest structures in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Turkey" title="List of tallest buildings in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Ukraine" title="List of tallest buildings in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="List of tallest buildings in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of tallest buildings in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_the_United_States" title="List of tallest buildings in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Uruguay" title="List of tallest buildings in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Venezuela" title="List of tallest buildings in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Vietnam" title="List of tallest buildings in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Zimbabwe" title="List of tallest buildings in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_buildings_with_100_floors_or_more" title="List of buildings with 100 floors or more">100+ floors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_architects_of_supertall_buildings" title="List of architects of supertall buildings">Architects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_by_height_to_roof" class="mw-redirect" title="List of tallest buildings by height to roof">Buildings by height to roof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_with_the_most_skyscrapers" title="List of cities with the most skyscrapers">Cities with most skyscrapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_with_the_most_skyscrapers" title="List of countries with the most skyscrapers">Countries with most skyscrapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_church_buildings" title="List of tallest church buildings">Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_designed_by_women" title="List of tallest buildings designed by women">Designed by women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_Eastern_Orthodox_church_buildings" title="List of tallest Eastern Orthodox church buildings">Eastern Orthodox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_mosques" title="List of tallest mosques">Mosques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_educational_buildings" title="List of tallest educational buildings">Educational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_future_tallest_buildings" class="mw-redirect" title="List of future tallest buildings">Future</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_hospitals" title="List of tallest hospitals">Hospitals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_hotels" title="List of tallest hotels">Hotels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_expensive_buildings" title="List of most expensive buildings">Most expensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_residential_buildings" title="List of tallest residential buildings">Residential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_skyscrapers_by_floor_area" title="List of skyscrapers by floor area">Skyscrapers by floor area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_twin_buildings_and_structures" title="List of tallest twin buildings and structures">Twin buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_voluntarily_demolished_buildings" title="List of tallest voluntarily demolished buildings">Voluntarily demolished</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_wooden_buildings" title="List of tallest wooden buildings">Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_early_skyscrapers" title="List of early skyscrapers">Early skyscrapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_supertall_skyscrapers" title="List of supertall skyscrapers">Supertall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_megatall_skyscrapers" title="List of megatall skyscrapers">Megatall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures" title="List of tallest structures">Structures</a><br />(of any type)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_Africa" title="List of tallest structures in Africa">Africa</a></li> <li>Asia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_the_Middle_East" title="List of tallest structures in the Middle East">West Asia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_Europe" title="List of tallest structures in Europe">Europe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_built_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="List of tallest structures built in the Soviet Union">former Soviet Union</a></li></ul></li> <li>The Americas <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_South_America" title="List of tallest structures in South America">South America</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_by_country" title="List of tallest structures by country">By country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_and_structures_in_Afghanistan" title="List of tallest buildings and structures in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_Albania" title="List of tallest structures in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_Algeria" title="List of tallest structures in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_Armenia" title="List of tallest structures in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_Australia" title="List of tallest structures in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_Austria" title="List of tallest structures in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_Bahrain" title="List of tallest structures in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_Belgium" title="List of tallest structures in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_Bulgaria" title="List of tallest structures in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_Canada" title="List of tallest structures in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_China" title="List of tallest structures in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="List of tallest structures in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_Denmark" title="List of tallest structures in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_and_structures_in_Egypt" title="List of tallest buildings and structures in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_Estonia" title="List of tallest structures in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_Finland" title="List of tallest structures in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_France" title="List of tallest structures in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_Germany" title="List of tallest structures in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_and_structures_in_Greece" title="List of tallest buildings and structures in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_Hungary" title="List of tallest structures in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_Iceland" class="mw-redirect" title="List of tallest structures in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_India" title="List of tallest structures in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_Indonesia" title="List of tallest structures in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_Iran" title="List of tallest structures in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_Ireland" title="List of tallest structures in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_Italy" title="List of tallest structures in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_Japan" title="List of tallest structures in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_Kosovo" title="List of tallest structures in Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_Luxembourg" title="List of tallest structures in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_Myanmar" title="List of tallest structures in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_the_Netherlands" title="List of tallest structures in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_New_Zealand" title="List of tallest structures in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_Norway" title="List of tallest structures in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_the_Philippines" title="List of tallest structures in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_Poland" title="List of tallest structures in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_Portugal" title="List of tallest structures in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_Romania" title="List of tallest structures in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_tallest_structures_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="List of the tallest structures in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_Serbia" title="List of tallest structures in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_Slovakia" title="List of tallest structures in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_South_Africa" title="List of tallest structures in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_Spain" title="List of tallest structures in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_Sri_Lanka" title="List of tallest structures in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_Sweden" title="List of tallest structures in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_Switzerland" title="List of tallest structures in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_Tunisia" title="List of tallest structures in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_Turkey" title="List of tallest structures in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_Turkmenistan" title="List of tallest structures in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of tallest structures in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_the_United_States" title="List of tallest structures in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_Uzbekistan" title="List of tallest structures in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_%E2%80%93_300_to_400_metres" title="List of tallest structures – 300 to 400 metres">300 to 400 metres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_%E2%80%93_400_to_500_metres" title="List of tallest structures – 400 to 500 metres">400 to 500 metres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_built_before_the_20th_century" title="List of tallest structures built before the 20th century">Before the 20th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_bridges" title="List of tallest bridges">Bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_chimneys" title="List of tallest chimneys">Chimneys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_crosses_in_the_world" title="List of tallest crosses in the world">Crosses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_dams" title="List of tallest dams">Dams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flagpoles_by_height" title="List of flagpoles by height">Flagpoles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ferris_wheels" title="List of Ferris wheels">Ferris wheels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_freestanding_structures" title="List of tallest freestanding structures">Freestanding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_lighthouses" title="List of tallest lighthouses">Lighthouses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_statues" title="List of tallest statues">Statues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_towers" title="List of tallest towers">Towers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_twin_buildings_and_structures" title="List of tallest twin buildings and structures">Twin structures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related<br />topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Additionally_guyed_tower" class="mw-redirect" title="Additionally guyed tower">Additionally guyed tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_traffic_obstacle" title="Air traffic obstacle">Air traffic obstacle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_buildings_and_structures" title="Lists of buildings and structures">All buildings and structures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antenna_height_considerations" class="mw-redirect" title="Antenna height considerations">Antenna height considerations</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Architectural engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction" title="Construction">Construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_skyscrapers" title="Early skyscrapers">Early skyscrapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fires_in_high-rise_buildings" title="List of fires in high-rise buildings">Fires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groundscraper" title="Groundscraper">Groundscraper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Height_restriction_laws" title="Height restriction laws">Height restriction laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_visionary_tall_buildings_and_structures" title="List of visionary tall buildings and structures">List of visionary tall buildings and structures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_platform" title="Oil platform">Oil platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partially_guyed_tower" class="mw-redirect" title="Partially guyed tower">Partially guyed tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_block" title="Tower block">Tower block</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Heating,_ventilation,_and_air_conditioning" style="vertical-align: middle;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:HVAC" title="Template:HVAC"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:HVAC" title="Template talk:HVAC"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:HVAC" title="Special:EditPage/Template:HVAC"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Heating,_ventilation,_and_air_conditioning" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Heating,_ventilation,_and_air_conditioning" title="Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning">Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fundamental <br />concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_changes_per_hour" title="Air changes per hour">Air changes per hour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bake-out" title="Bake-out">Bake-out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building_envelope" title="Building envelope">Building envelope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convection" title="Convection">Convection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dilution_(equation)" title="Dilution (equation)">Dilution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_energy_consumption" title="Domestic energy consumption">Domestic energy consumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enthalpy" title="Enthalpy">Enthalpy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluid_dynamics" title="Fluid dynamics">Fluid dynamics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_compressor" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas compressor">Gas compressor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_pump_and_refrigeration_cycle" title="Heat pump and refrigeration cycle">Heat pump and refrigeration cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_transfer" title="Heat transfer">Heat transfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humidity" title="Humidity">Humidity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infiltration_(HVAC)" title="Infiltration (HVAC)">Infiltration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latent_heat" title="Latent heat">Latent heat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_control" title="Noise control">Noise control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outgassing" title="Outgassing">Outgassing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Particulates" title="Particulates">Particulates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychrometrics" title="Psychrometrics">Psychrometrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensible_heat" title="Sensible heat">Sensible heat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stack_effect" title="Stack effect">Stack effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_comfort" title="Thermal comfort">Thermal comfort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_destratification" title="Thermal destratification">Thermal destratification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_mass" title="Thermal mass">Thermal mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermodynamics" title="Thermodynamics">Thermodynamics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vapour_pressure_of_water" title="Vapour pressure of water">Vapour pressure of water</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absorption-compression_heat_pump" title="Absorption-compression heat pump">Absorption-compression heat pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Absorption_refrigerator" title="Absorption refrigerator">Absorption refrigerator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_barrier" title="Air barrier">Air barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_conditioning" title="Air conditioning">Air conditioning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antifreeze" title="Antifreeze">Antifreeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automobile_air_conditioning" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobile air conditioning">Automobile air conditioning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_building" title="Autonomous building">Autonomous building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building_insulation_material" title="Building insulation material">Building insulation materials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_heating" title="Central heating">Central heating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_solar_heating" title="Central solar heating">Central solar heating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilled_beam" title="Chilled beam">Chilled beam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilled_water" title="Chilled water">Chilled water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constant_air_volume" title="Constant air volume">Constant air volume</a> (CAV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coolant" title="Coolant">Coolant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_ventilation" title="Cross ventilation">Cross ventilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dedicated_outdoor_air_system" title="Dedicated outdoor air system">Dedicated outdoor air system</a> (DOAS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_water_source_cooling" title="Deep water source cooling">Deep water source cooling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demand_controlled_ventilation" title="Demand controlled ventilation">Demand controlled ventilation</a> (DCV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Displacement_ventilation" title="Displacement ventilation">Displacement ventilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_cooling" title="District cooling">District cooling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_heating" title="District heating">District heating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_heating" title="Electric heating">Electric heating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_recovery_ventilation" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy recovery ventilation">Energy recovery ventilation</a> (ERV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firestop" title="Firestop">Firestop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced-air" title="Forced-air">Forced-air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced-air_gas" title="Forced-air gas">Forced-air gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_cooling" title="Free cooling">Free cooling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_recovery_ventilation" title="Heat recovery ventilation">Heat recovery ventilation</a> (HRV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hybrid_heat" title="Hybrid heat">Hybrid heat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydronics" title="Hydronics">Hydronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_storage_air_conditioning" title="Ice storage air conditioning">Ice storage air conditioning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_ventilation" title="Kitchen ventilation">Kitchen ventilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed-mode_ventilation" title="Mixed-mode ventilation">Mixed-mode ventilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microgeneration" title="Microgeneration">Microgeneration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passive_cooling" title="Passive cooling">Passive cooling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passive_daytime_radiative_cooling" title="Passive daytime radiative cooling">Passive daytime radiative cooling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passive_house" title="Passive house">Passive house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passive_ventilation" title="Passive ventilation">Passive ventilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiant_heating_and_cooling" title="Radiant heating and cooling">Radiant heating and cooling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiant_cooling" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiant cooling">Radiant cooling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiant_heating" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiant heating">Radiant heating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radon_mitigation" title="Radon mitigation">Radon mitigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refrigeration" title="Refrigeration">Refrigeration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_heat" title="Renewable heat">Renewable heat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Room_air_distribution" title="Room air distribution">Room air distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_air_heat" title="Solar air heat">Solar air heat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_combisystem" title="Solar combisystem">Solar combisystem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_cooling" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar cooling">Solar cooling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_heating" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar heating">Solar heating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_insulation" title="Thermal insulation">Thermal insulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermosiphon" title="Thermosiphon">Thermosiphon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underfloor_air_distribution" title="Underfloor air distribution">Underfloor air distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underfloor_heating" title="Underfloor heating">Underfloor heating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vapor_barrier" title="Vapor barrier">Vapor barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vapor-compression_refrigeration" title="Vapor-compression refrigeration">Vapor-compression refrigeration</a> (VCRS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variable_air_volume" title="Variable air volume">Variable air volume</a> (VAV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variable_refrigerant_flow" title="Variable refrigerant flow">Variable refrigerant flow</a> (VRF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventilation_(architecture)" title="Ventilation (architecture)">Ventilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_heat_recycling" title="Water heat recycling">Water heat recycling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_conditioner_inverter" class="mw-redirect" title="Air conditioner inverter">Air conditioner inverter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_door" title="Air door">Air door</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_filter" title="Air filter">Air filter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_handler" title="Air handler">Air handler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_ioniser" title="Air ioniser">Air ionizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air-mixing_plenum" title="Air-mixing plenum">Air-mixing plenum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_purifier" title="Air purifier">Air purifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_source_heat_pump" title="Air source heat pump">Air source heat pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attic_fan" title="Attic fan">Attic fan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automatic_balancing_valve" title="Automatic balancing valve">Automatic balancing valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back_boiler" title="Back boiler">Back boiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrier_pipe" title="Barrier pipe">Barrier pipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blast_damper" title="Blast damper">Blast damper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boiler" title="Boiler">Boiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centrifugal_fan" title="Centrifugal fan">Centrifugal fan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceramic_heater" title="Ceramic heater">Ceramic heater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiller" title="Chiller">Chiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condensate_pump" title="Condensate pump">Condensate pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condenser_(heat_transfer)" title="Condenser (heat transfer)">Condenser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condensing_boiler" title="Condensing boiler">Condensing boiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convection_heater" title="Convection heater">Convection heater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compressor" title="Compressor">Compressor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooling_tower" title="Cooling tower">Cooling tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damper_(flow)" title="Damper (flow)">Damper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehumidifier" title="Dehumidifier">Dehumidifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duct_(flow)" title="Duct (flow)">Duct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economizer" title="Economizer">Economizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrostatic_precipitator" title="Electrostatic precipitator">Electrostatic precipitator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evaporative_cooler" title="Evaporative cooler">Evaporative cooler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evaporator" title="Evaporator">Evaporator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exhaust_hood" class="mw-redirect" title="Exhaust hood">Exhaust hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expansion_tank" title="Expansion tank">Expansion tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_(machine)" title="Fan (machine)">Fan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_coil_unit" title="Fan coil unit">Fan coil unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_filter_unit" title="Fan filter unit">Fan filter unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_heater" title="Fan heater">Fan heater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_damper" title="Fire damper">Fire damper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fireplace" title="Fireplace">Fireplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fireplace_insert" title="Fireplace insert">Fireplace insert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeze_stat" title="Freeze stat">Freeze stat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flue" title="Flue">Flue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freon" title="Freon">Freon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fume_hood" title="Fume hood">Fume hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furnace_(house_heating)" class="mw-redirect" title="Furnace (house heating)">Furnace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_compressor" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas compressor">Gas compressor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_heater" title="Gas heater">Gas heater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gasoline_heater" title="Gasoline heater">Gasoline heater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grease_duct" title="Grease duct">Grease duct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grille_(architecture)" title="Grille (architecture)">Grille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground-coupled_heat_exchanger" title="Ground-coupled heat exchanger">Ground-coupled heat exchanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground_source_heat_pump" title="Ground source heat pump">Ground source heat pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_exchanger" title="Heat exchanger">Heat exchanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_pipe" title="Heat pipe">Heat pipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_pump" title="Heat pump">Heat pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heating_film" title="Heating film">Heating film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heating_system" title="Heating system">Heating system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HEPA" title="HEPA">HEPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_efficiency_glandless_circulating_pump" title="High efficiency glandless circulating pump">High efficiency glandless circulating pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-pressure_cut-off_switch" class="mw-redirect" title="High-pressure cut-off switch">High-pressure cut-off switch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humidifier" title="Humidifier">Humidifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrared_heater" title="Infrared heater">Infrared heater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverter_compressor" title="Inverter compressor">Inverter compressor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerosene_heater" title="Kerosene heater">Kerosene heater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louver" title="Louver">Louver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanical_room" title="Mechanical room">Mechanical room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_heater" title="Oil heater">Oil heater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packaged_terminal_air_conditioner" title="Packaged terminal air conditioner">Packaged terminal air conditioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plenum_space" title="Plenum space">Plenum space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pressurisation_ductwork" title="Pressurisation ductwork">Pressurisation ductwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process_duct_work" title="Process duct work">Process duct work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiator_(heating)" title="Radiator (heating)">Radiator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiator_reflector" title="Radiator reflector">Radiator reflector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recuperator" title="Recuperator">Recuperator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refrigerant" title="Refrigerant">Refrigerant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Register_(air_and_heating)" title="Register (air and heating)">Register</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reversing_valve" title="Reversing valve">Reversing valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Run-around_coil" title="Run-around coil">Run-around coil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sail_switch" title="Sail switch">Sail switch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scroll_compressor" title="Scroll compressor">Scroll compressor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_chimney" title="Solar chimney">Solar chimney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar-assisted_heat_pump" title="Solar-assisted heat pump">Solar-assisted heat pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_heater" title="Space heater">Space heater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoke_canopy" title="Smoke canopy">Smoke canopy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoke_damper" title="Smoke damper">Smoke damper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoke_exhaust_ductwork" title="Smoke exhaust ductwork">Smoke exhaust ductwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_expansion_valve" title="Thermal expansion valve">Thermal expansion valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_wheel" title="Thermal wheel">Thermal wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermostatic_radiator_valve" title="Thermostatic radiator valve">Thermostatic radiator valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trickle_vent" title="Trickle vent">Trickle vent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trombe_wall" title="Trombe wall">Trombe wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TurboSwing" title="TurboSwing">TurboSwing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turning_vanes_(HVAC)" title="Turning vanes (HVAC)">Turning vanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-low_particulate_air" title="Ultra-low particulate air">Ultra-low particulate air</a> (ULPA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whole-house_fan" title="Whole-house fan">Whole-house fan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windcatcher" title="Windcatcher">Windcatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood-burning_stove" title="Wood-burning stove">Wood-burning stove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zone_valve" title="Zone valve">Zone valve</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Measurement<br />and control</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_flow_meter" title="Air flow meter">Air flow meter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquastat" title="Aquastat">Aquastat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BACnet" title="BACnet">BACnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blower_door" title="Blower door">Blower door</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building_automation" title="Building automation">Building automation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide_sensor" title="Carbon dioxide sensor">Carbon dioxide sensor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clean_air_delivery_rate" title="Clean air delivery rate">Clean air delivery rate</a> (CADR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Control_valve" title="Control valve">Control valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_detector" title="Gas detector">Gas detector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_energy_monitor" title="Home energy monitor">Home energy monitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humidistat" title="Humidistat">Humidistat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HVAC_control_system" title="HVAC control system">HVAC control system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrared_thermometer" title="Infrared thermometer">Infrared thermometer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligent_buildings" class="mw-redirect" title="Intelligent buildings">Intelligent buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LonWorks" title="LonWorks">LonWorks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimum_efficiency_reporting_value" title="Minimum efficiency reporting value">Minimum efficiency reporting value</a> (MERV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normal_temperature_and_pressure" class="mw-redirect" title="Normal temperature and pressure">Normal temperature and pressure</a> (NTP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenTherm" title="OpenTherm">OpenTherm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programmable_communicating_thermostat" title="Programmable communicating thermostat">Programmable communicating thermostat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programmable_thermostat" title="Programmable thermostat">Programmable thermostat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychrometrics" title="Psychrometrics">Psychrometrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Room_temperature" title="Room temperature">Room temperature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_thermostat" title="Smart thermostat">Smart thermostat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_temperature_and_pressure" title="Standard temperature and pressure">Standard temperature and pressure</a> (STP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermographic_camera" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermographic camera">Thermographic camera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermostat" title="Thermostat">Thermostat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermostatic_radiator_valve" title="Thermostatic radiator valve">Thermostatic radiator valve</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Professions,<br />trades,<br />and services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_acoustics" title="Architectural acoustics">Architectural acoustics</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Architectural engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_technologist" title="Architectural technologist">Architectural technologist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building_services_engineering" title="Building services engineering">Building services engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building_information_modeling" title="Building information modeling">Building information modeling</a> (BIM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_energy_retrofit" title="Deep energy retrofit">Deep energy retrofit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duct_cleaning" class="mw-redirect" title="Duct cleaning">Duct cleaning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duct_leakage_testing" title="Duct leakage testing">Duct leakage testing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_engineering" title="Environmental engineering">Environmental engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydronic_balancing" title="Hydronic balancing">Hydronic balancing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_exhaust_cleaning" title="Kitchen exhaust cleaning">Kitchen exhaust cleaning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanical_engineering" title="Mechanical engineering">Mechanical engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanical,_electrical,_and_plumbing" title="Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing">Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mold_growth,_assessment,_and_remediation" class="mw-redirect" title="Mold growth, assessment, and remediation">Mold growth, assessment, and remediation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refrigerant_reclamation" title="Refrigerant reclamation">Refrigerant reclamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testing,_adjusting,_balancing" title="Testing, adjusting, balancing">Testing, adjusting, balancing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industry <br />organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Conditioning,_Heating_and_Refrigeration_Institute" title="Air Conditioning, Heating and Refrigeration Institute">AHRI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Movement_and_Control_Association" title="Air Movement and Control Association">AMCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASHRAE" title="ASHRAE">ASHRAE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASTM_International" title="ASTM International">ASTM International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building_Research_Establishment" title="Building Research Establishment">BRE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSRIA" title="BSRIA">BSRIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartered_Institution_of_Building_Services_Engineers" title="Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers">CIBSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Refrigeration" title="Institute of Refrigeration">Institute of Refrigeration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Institute_of_Refrigeration" title="International Institute of Refrigeration">IIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leadership_in_Energy_and_Environmental_Design" class="mw-redirect" title="Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design">LEED</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheet_Metal_and_Air_Conditioning_Contractors%27_National_Association" title="Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors' National Association">SMACNA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniform_Mechanical_Code" title="Uniform Mechanical Code">UMC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Health and safety</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_air_quality" title="Indoor air quality">Indoor air quality</a> (IAQ)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passive_smoking" title="Passive smoking">Passive smoking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sick_building_syndrome" title="Sick building syndrome">Sick building syndrome</a> (SBS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volatile_organic_compound" title="Volatile organic compound">Volatile organic compound</a> (VOC)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASHRAE_Handbook" title="ASHRAE Handbook">ASHRAE Handbook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building_science" title="Building science">Building science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fireproofing" title="Fireproofing">Fireproofing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_HVAC_terms" title="Glossary of HVAC terms">Glossary of HVAC terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warm_Spaces" title="Warm Spaces">Warm Spaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Refrigeration_Day" title="World Refrigeration Day">World Refrigeration Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Home_automation" title="Template:Home automation">Template:Home automation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Solar_energy" title="Template:Solar energy">Template:Solar energy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Construction" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Construction_overview" title="Template:Construction overview"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Construction_overview" title="Template talk:Construction overview"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Construction_overview" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Construction overview"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Construction" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Construction" title="Construction">Construction</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Home_construction" title="Home construction">Home construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offshore_construction" title="Offshore construction">Offshore construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_construction" title="Underground construction">Underground construction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tunnel_construction" title="Tunnel construction">Tunnel construction</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_architecture" title="History of architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_construction" title="History of construction">Construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_structural_engineering" title="History of structural engineering">Structural engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_architecture" title="Timeline of architecture">Timeline of architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_water_supply_and_sanitation" title="History of water supply and sanitation">Water supply and sanitation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Professions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architect" title="Architect">Architect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building_engineer" title="Building engineer">Building engineer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building_estimator" title="Building estimator">Building estimator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building_officials" title="Building officials">Building officials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartered_Building_Surveyor" title="Chartered Building Surveyor">Chartered Building Surveyor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_engineer" title="Civil engineer">Civil engineer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_estimator" title="Civil estimator">Civil estimator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerk_of_works" title="Clerk of works">Clerk of works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_manager" title="Project manager">Project manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantity_surveyor" title="Quantity surveyor">Quantity surveyor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Site_manager" title="Site manager">Site manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_engineer" title="Structural engineer">Structural engineer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superintendent_(construction)" title="Superintendent (construction)">Superintendent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trades workers<br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_construction_trades" title="List of construction trades">List</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banksman" title="Banksman">Banksman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boilermaker" title="Boilermaker">Boilermaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bricklayer" title="Bricklayer">Bricklayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpentry" title="Carpentry">Carpenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concrete_finisher" title="Concrete finisher">Concrete finisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_foreman" title="Construction foreman">Construction foreman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_worker" title="Construction worker">Construction worker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrician" title="Electrician">Electrician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glazier" title="Glazier">Glazier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ironworker" title="Ironworker">Ironworker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millwright" title="Millwright">Millwright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plasterer" title="Plasterer">Plasterer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plumber" title="Plumber">Plumber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roofer" title="Roofer">Roofer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steel_fixer" title="Steel fixer">Steel fixer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welder" title="Welder">Welder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Institute_of_Constructors" title="American Institute of Constructors">American Institute of Constructors</a> (AIC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Civil_Engineers" title="American Society of Civil Engineers">American Society of Civil Engineers</a> (ASCE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asbestos_Testing_and_Consultancy_Association" title="Asbestos Testing and Consultancy Association">Asbestos Testing and Consultancy Association</a> (ATAC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Associated_General_Contractors_of_America" title="Associated General Contractors of America">Associated General Contractors of America</a> (AGC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Plumbing_and_Heating_Contractors" title="Association of Plumbing and Heating Contractors">Association of Plumbing and Heating Contractors</a> (APHC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Build_UK" title="Build UK">Build UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_History_Society" title="Construction History Society">Construction History Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartered_Institution_of_Civil_Engineering_Surveyors" title="Chartered Institution of Civil Engineering Surveyors">Chartered Institution of Civil Engineering Surveyors</a> (CICES)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartered_Institute_of_Plumbing_and_Heating_Engineering" title="Chartered Institute of Plumbing and Heating Engineering">Chartered Institute of Plumbing and Heating Engineering</a> (CIPHE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Engineering_Contractors_Association" title="Civil Engineering Contractors Association">Civil Engineering Contractors Association</a> (CECA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Concrete_Society" title="The Concrete Society">The Concrete Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_Management_Association_of_America" title="Construction Management Association of America">Construction Management Association of America</a> (CMAA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_Specifications_Institute" title="Construction Specifications Institute">Construction Specifications Institute</a> (CSI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FIDIC" title="FIDIC">FIDIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_Builders_Federation" title="Home Builders Federation">Home Builders Federation</a> (HBF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lighting_Association" title="Lighting Association">Lighting Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Home_Builders" title="National Association of Home Builders">National Association of Home Builders</a> (NAHB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Women_in_Construction" title="National Association of Women in Construction">National Association of Women in Construction</a> (NAWIC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Fire_Protection_Association" title="National Fire Protection Association">National Fire Protection Association</a> (NFPA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Kitchen_%26_Bath_Association" title="National Kitchen & Bath Association">National Kitchen & Bath Association</a> (NKBA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Railroad_Construction_and_Maintenance_Association" title="National Railroad Construction and Maintenance Association">National Railroad Construction and Maintenance Association</a> (NRC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Tile_Contractors_Association" title="National Tile Contractors Association">National Tile Contractors Association</a> (NTCA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railway_Tie_Association" title="Railway Tie Association">Railway Tie Association</a> (RTA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Institution_of_Chartered_Surveyors" title="Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors">Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors</a> (RICS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Building_Federation" title="Scottish Building Federation">Scottish Building Federation</a> (SBF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Construction_Arbitrators" title="Society of Construction Arbitrators">Society of Construction Arbitrators</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Construction_industry_of_India" title="Construction industry of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_industry_of_Iran" title="Construction industry of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_industry_of_Japan" title="Construction industry of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_industry_of_Romania" title="Construction industry of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_construction_and_contracting_industry" title="Turkish construction and contracting industry">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_industry_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Construction industry of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Construction industry in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regulation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Building_code" title="Building code">Building code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_law" title="Construction law">Construction law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_site_safety" title="Construction site safety">Site safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoning" title="Zoning">Zoning</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">Architecture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_style" title="Architectural style">Style</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_architectural_styles" title="List of architectural styles">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_architecture" title="Industrial architecture">Industrial architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_industrial_architecture" title="British industrial architecture">British</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_architecture" title="Indigenous architecture">Indigenous architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interior_architecture" title="Interior architecture">Interior architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landscape_architecture" title="Landscape architecture">Landscape architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernacular_architecture" title="Vernacular architecture">Vernacular architecture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Engineering</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Architectural engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building_services_engineering" title="Building services engineering">Building services engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_engineering" title="Civil engineering">Civil engineering</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_engineering" title="Coastal engineering">Coastal engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_engineering" title="Construction engineering">Construction engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_engineering" title="Structural engineering">Structural engineering</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earthquake_engineering" title="Earthquake engineering">Earthquake engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_engineering" title="Environmental engineering">Environmental engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geotechnical_engineering" title="Geotechnical engineering">Geotechnical engineering</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Methods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_construction_methods" title="List of construction methods">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earthbag_construction" title="Earthbag construction">Earthbag construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_methods_of_construction" title="Modern methods of construction">Modern methods of construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monocrete_construction" title="Monocrete construction">Monocrete construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slip_forming" title="Slip forming">Slip forming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Building_material" title="Building material">Building material</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_building_materials" title="List of building materials">List of building materials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millwork_(building_material)" class="mw-redirect" title="Millwork (building material)">Millwork</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_bidding" title="Construction bidding">Construction bidding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_delay" title="Construction delay">Construction delay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_equipment_theft" title="Construction equipment theft">Construction equipment theft</a></li> <li>Construction loan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_management" title="Construction management">Construction management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_waste" title="Construction waste">Construction waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demolition" title="Demolition">Demolition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design%E2%80%93build" title="Design–build">Design–build</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design%E2%80%93bid%E2%80%93build" title="Design–bid–build">Design–bid–build</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DFMA" title="DFMA">DfMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_equipment" title="Heavy equipment">Heavy equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interior_design" title="Interior design">Interior design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_buildings_and_structures" title="Lists of buildings and structures">Lists of buildings and structures</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_and_structures" title="List of tallest buildings and structures">List of tallest buildings and structures</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megaproject" title="Megaproject">Megaproject</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megastructure" title="Megastructure">Megastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plasterwork" title="Plasterwork">Plasterwork</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Damp_(structural)" title="Damp (structural)">Damp</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Damp_proofing" title="Damp proofing">Proofing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parge_coat" title="Parge coat">Parge coat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roughcast" title="Roughcast">Roughcast</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harling_(wall_finish)" title="Harling (wall finish)">Harling</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate_development" title="Real estate development">Real estate development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonemasonry" title="Stonemasonry">Stonemasonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainability_in_construction" title="Sustainability in construction">Sustainability in construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unfinished_building" title="Unfinished building">Unfinished building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_design" title="Urban design">Urban design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_planning" title="Urban planning">Urban planning</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" 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