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Portal:China - Wikipedia
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Available in 4 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-4" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">4 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Volksrepublik_China" title="Portal:Volksrepublik China – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Portal:Volksrepublik China" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portail:R%C3%A9publique_populaire_de_Chine" title="Portail:République populaire de Chine – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Portail:République populaire de Chine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0:%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="प्रवेशद्वार:चीनी जनवादी गणराज्य – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्रवेशद्वार:चीनी जनवादी गणराज्य" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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#a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.ombox img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}</style><table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Darkgreen_flag_waving.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Darkgreen_flag_waving.svg/30px-Darkgreen_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Darkgreen_flag_waving.svg/45px-Darkgreen_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Darkgreen_flag_waving.svg/60px-Darkgreen_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><span style="font-size:108%;"><b>Portal maintenance status:</b></span> <small>(October 2020)</small> <ul><li>This portal's <a href="/wiki/Special:PrefixIndex/Portal:China/" title="Special:PrefixIndex/Portal:China/">subpages</a> <b>have been checked</b> by an editor, and are needed.</li></ul> <span style="font-size:90%;">Please <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CAREFUL" 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li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist noprint" style="text-align: center"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portal topics</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Human_activities" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Activities</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Culture_and_the_arts" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Geography_and_places" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Geography</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Health_and_fitness" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Health</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#History_and_events" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">History</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Mathematics_and_logic" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Mathematics</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Natural_and_physical_sciences" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Nature</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#People_and_self" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">People</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Philosophy_and_thinking" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Philosophy</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Religion_and_belief_systems" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Religion</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Society_and_social_sciences" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Society</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Technology_and_applied_sciences" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Technology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Special:RandomInCategory/All_portals" title="Special:RandomInCategory/All portals">Random portal</a></dd></dl> </div></div> <table width="100%" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="10" style="background: #F3E5AB; border-top: 3px solid #DA9100; border-left: 3px solid #DA9100; border-right: 3px solid #DA9100; border-bottom: 2px solid #DA9100;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="55%" style="vertical-align:top;padding: 0; margin:0;"> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Wikipedia portal for content related to China</div> <div style="clear:both; width:100%"> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#ffcc00;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:2px 2px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3AChina%2FIntro&action=edit"><span style="color:black">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/China_portal.png" decoding="async" width="658" height="77" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="658" data-file-height="77" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:2px solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#fefeef;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1252059228">.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain{float:right;margin:0 0 0 1em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);padding:0.3em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;text-align:center;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxleft{float:left;margin:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutlist{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin-bottom:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain ul{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutanchordiv{position:relative;top:-3em}.mw-parser-output li .module-shortcutanchordiv{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mbox-imageright .module-shortcutboxplain{padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 1em;line-height:1.3;margin:0}</style><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="P:ZH"></span><span id="P:CHN"></span><span id="P:CHINA"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=P:ZH&redirect=no">P:ZH</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=P:CHN&redirect=no">P:CHN</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=P:CHINA&redirect=no">P:CHINA</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <div style="float:left;margin-right:1em;text-align:center;"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_satellite.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Satellite image of China"><img alt="Satellite image of China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/China_satellite.png/150px-China_satellite.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/China_satellite.png/225px-China_satellite.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/China_satellite.png/300px-China_satellite.png 2x" data-file-width="1278" data-file-height="956" /></a></span><br /> <small><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_China" title="Geography of China">Geography of China</a></small> </p> </div> <p><br /> <b><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></b>, officially the <b>People's Republic of China</b> (<b>PRC</b>), is a country in <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asia</a>. With <a href="/wiki/Population_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Population of China">a population</a> exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_(United_Nations)" title="List of countries by population (United Nations)">second-most populous country</a> after <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, representing 17.4% of the world population. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and <a href="/wiki/Borders_of_China" title="Borders of China">borders fourteen countries by land</a>. With an area of nearly 9.6 million square kilometers (3,700,000 sq mi), it is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area" title="List of countries and dependencies by area">third-largest country</a> by total land area. The country is divided into 33 <a href="/wiki/Province-level_divisions_of_China" title="Province-level divisions of China">province-level divisions</a>: 22 <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">provinces</a>, five <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_China" title="Autonomous regions of China">autonomous regions</a>, four <a href="/wiki/Direct-administered_municipalities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct-administered municipalities of China">municipalities</a>, and two semi-autonomous <a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions" class="mw-redirect" title="Special administrative regions">special administrative regions</a>. <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> is the country's capital, while <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a> is <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China_by_population" title="List of cities in China by population">its most populous city by urban area</a> and largest <a href="/wiki/Financial_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial center">financial center</a>. </p><p>China is considered one of the <a href="/wiki/Cradles_of_civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Cradles of civilization">cradles of civilization</a>: the first human inhabitants in the region arrived during the <a href="/wiki/Paleolithic" title="Paleolithic">Paleolithic</a>. By the late 2nd millennium BCE, the earliest <a href="/wiki/Dynasties_in_Chinese_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynasties in Chinese history">dynastic states</a> had emerged in the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River">Yellow River</a> basin. The 8th–3rd centuries BCE saw a breakdown in the authority of the <a href="/wiki/Zhou_dynasty" title="Zhou dynasty">Zhou dynasty</a>, accompanied by the emergence of administrative and military techniques, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_classics" title="Chinese classics">literature</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_philosophy" title="Chinese philosophy">philosophy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_historiography" title="Chinese historiography">historiography</a>. In 221 BCE, China was unified under <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_China" title="Emperor of China">an emperor</a>, ushering in more than two millennia of imperial dynasties including the <a href="/wiki/Qin_dynasty" title="Qin dynasty">Qin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ming" class="mw-redirect" title="Ming">Ming</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Qing" class="mw-redirect" title="Qing">Qing</a>. With the <a href="/wiki/Invention_of_gunpowder" class="mw-redirect" title="Invention of gunpowder">invention of gunpowder</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_paper#Paper_in_China" title="History of paper">paper</a>, the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Silk_Road" title="Silk Road">Silk Road</a>, and the building of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Wall" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Wall">Great Wall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a> flourished and has <a href="/wiki/Sinosphere" title="Sinosphere">heavily influenced both its neighbors</a> and lands further afield. However, China began to cede <a href="/wiki/Foreign_concessions_in_China" title="Foreign concessions in China">parts of the country</a> in the late 19th century to various European powers by a series of <a href="/wiki/Unequal_treaties" title="Unequal treaties">unequal treaties</a>. </p><p>China is a <a href="/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">unitary</a> one-party <a href="/wiki/Socialist_republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist republic">socialist republic</a> led by the CCP. It is one of the five <a href="/wiki/Permanent_members_of_the_United_Nations_Security_Council" title="Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council">permanent members</a> of the <a href="/wiki/UN_Security_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Security Council">UN Security Council</a>; the UN representative for China was changed from the ROC to the PRC in 1971. It is a founding member of several multilateral and regional organizations such as the <a href="/wiki/AIIB" class="mw-redirect" title="AIIB">AIIB</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Silk_Road_Fund" title="Silk Road Fund">Silk Road Fund</a>, the <a href="/wiki/New_Development_Bank" title="New Development Bank">New Development Bank</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/RCEP" class="mw-redirect" title="RCEP">RCEP</a>. It is a member of the <a href="/wiki/BRICS" title="BRICS">BRICS</a>, the <a href="/wiki/G20" title="G20">G20</a>, <a href="/wiki/APEC" class="mw-redirect" title="APEC">APEC</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation" title="Shanghai Cooperation Organisation">SCO</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/East_Asia_Summit" title="East Asia Summit">East Asia Summit</a>. Making up around one-fifth of the world economy, the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese economy">Chinese economy</a> is the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">largest economy by PPP-adjusted GDP</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">second-largest economy by nominal GDP</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_total_wealth#Total_wealth_by_country" title="List of countries by total wealth">second-wealthiest country</a>, albeit <a href="/wiki/International_rankings_of_China" title="International rankings of China">ranking poorly</a> in measures of <a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_China" title="Democracy in China">democracy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_China" title="Human rights in China">human rights</a> and <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_China" title="Freedom of religion in China">religious freedom</a>. The country has been one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_real_GDP_growth_rate" title="List of countries by real GDP growth rate">fastest-growing</a> major economies and is the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_manufacturing_output" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by manufacturing output">largest manufacturer</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_exports" title="List of countries by exports">exporter</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_imports" title="List of countries by imports">second-largest importer</a>. China is a <a href="/wiki/Nuclear-weapon_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear-weapon state">nuclear-weapon state</a> with the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_number_of_military_and_paramilitary_personnel" title="List of countries by number of military and paramilitary personnel">largest standing army by military personnel</a> and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_military_expenditures" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by military expenditures">second-largest defense budget</a>. It is a <a href="/wiki/Great_power" title="Great power">great power</a>, and <a href="/wiki/China_as_a_potential_superpower" class="mw-redirect" title="China as a potential superpower">has been described as an emerging superpower</a>. China is known for <a href="/wiki/Chinese_cuisine" title="Chinese cuisine">its cuisine</a> and culture, and has <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_China" title="List of World Heritage Sites in China">59 UNESCO World Heritage Sites</a>, the <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Sites_by_country" title="World Heritage Sites by country">second-highest number of any country</a>. <span class="anchor" id="Etymology"></span><span class="anchor" id="Name"></span> (<b><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">Full article...</a></b>) </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> </div> <div style="text-align:center; margin:0.25em auto 0.75em"><div style="text-align:center; margin:0.25em auto 0.75em"><span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:China&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><b>Refresh with new selections below (purge)</b></span></a></span></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r996214246">.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container{clear:both;width:100%;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap}.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column{float:left;width:50%;min-width:360px;padding:0 0.5em;box-sizing:border-box;flex:1;display:flex;flex-direction:column}@media screen and (max-width:393px){.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column{min-width:0}}.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column:first-child{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column:last-child{padding-right:0}@media screen and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column{padding:0;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container{display:block}}.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column>div{flex:1 0 auto}.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column>div.flex-columns-noflex{flex:0}</style><div class="flex-columns-container"><div class="flex-columns-column"><div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#ffcc00;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:2px 2px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="_Featured_article_-_load_new_batch" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cscr-featured.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/23px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/35px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/46px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></span>  Featured article - <span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:China&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><small><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkblue"><i>load new batch</i></span></small></span></a></span></h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:2px solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#fefeef;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <div style="text-align: center;"><i><small>This is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:FA" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:FA">featured article</a>, which represents some of the best content on English Wikipedia.</small></i></div> <hr /> <div style="font-size:105%;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r987512734">.mw-parser-output div.excerptSlideshow-container>ul.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow>li.gallerycarousel>div>div>div>span:nth-child(2){display:none}.mw-parser-output div.excerptSlideshow-container>ul.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow>li.gallerycarousel>div>div:nth-child(2){display:none}.mw-parser-output div.excerptSlideshow-container>ul.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow>li.gallerycarousel>div>div:nth-child(1){padding-top:0.3em;padding-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output div.excerptSlideshow-container>ul.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow>li:nth-child(n/**/+2){display:none}.mw-parser-output div.excerptSlideshow-container .gallery .gallerybox,.mw-parser-output div.excerptSlideshow-container .gallery .gallerybox div{width:100%!important;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output div.excerptSlideshow-container>ul.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow>li:not(.gallerycarousel)>div>div:nth-child(1){display:none}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1021884966">.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container>.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow>.gallerycarousel>div>div>div>span:nth-child(2){display:none}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container .randomSlideshow-sr-only{display:block;width:1px;height:1px;text-indent:-999px;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child label{display:inline-block!important;padding:0.2em 0.3em}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child label,.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child input{vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child input{transform:scale(1.4)}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child label:last-child{display:none!important}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox{display:block;margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox li,.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox div,.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox p{padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow:first-child{position:relative;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);display:inline-block;text-align:center;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox{order:99999;flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child label{flex:0 0}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox{width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox>div,.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox>div>div{width:inherit!important;max-width:100%;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container .nomobile+ul label{display:none!important}</style><div class="randomSlideshow-container excerptSlideshow-container" style="max-width:100%; margin:-4em auto;"><div class="nomobile"></div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-slideshow switcher-container"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 1 The gills of L. indigo Lactarius indigo, commonly known as the indigo milk cap, indigo milky, indigo lactarius, blue lactarius, or blue milk mushroom, is a species of agaric fungus in the family Russulaceae. The fruit body color ranges from dark blue in fresh specimens to pale blue-gray in older ones. The milk, or latex, that oozes when the mushroom tissue is cut or broken (a feature common to all members of the genus Lactarius) is also indigo blue, but slowly turns green upon exposure to air. The cap has a diameter of 5–15 cm (2–6 in), and the stem is 2–8 cm (3⁄4–3+1⁄8 in) tall and 1–2.5 cm (3⁄8–1 in) thick. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 1 The gills of L. indigo Lactarius indigo, commonly known as the indigo milk cap, indigo milky, indigo lactarius, blue lactarius, or blue milk mushroom, is a species of agaric fungus in the family Russulaceae. The fruit body color ranges from dark blue in fresh specimens to pale blue-gray in older ones. The milk, or latex, that oozes when the mushroom tissue is cut or broken (a feature common to all members of the genus Lactarius) is also indigo blue, but slowly turns green upon exposure to air. The cap has a diameter of 5–15 cm (2–6 in), and the stem is 2–8 cm (3⁄4–3+1⁄8 in) tall and 1–2.5 cm (3⁄8–1 in) thick. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 1</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Lactarius_indigo_48568_edit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Lactarius_indigo_48568_edit.jpg/220px-Lactarius_indigo_48568_edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Lactarius_indigo_48568_edit.jpg/330px-Lactarius_indigo_48568_edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Lactarius_indigo_48568_edit.jpg/440px-Lactarius_indigo_48568_edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">The <a href="/wiki/Lamella_(mycology)" title="Lamella (mycology)">gills</a> of <i>L. indigo</i></div></div></div></div><br /><i><b><a href="/wiki/Lactarius_indigo" title="Lactarius indigo">Lactarius indigo</a></b></i>, commonly known as the <b>indigo milk cap</b>, <b>indigo milky</b>, <b>indigo lactarius</b>, <b>blue lactarius</b>, or <b>blue milk mushroom</b>, is a species of <a href="/wiki/Agarics" class="mw-redirect" title="Agarics">agaric fungus</a> in the family <a href="/wiki/Russulaceae" title="Russulaceae">Russulaceae</a>.<br /><br />The <a href="/wiki/Basidiocarp" title="Basidiocarp">fruit body</a> color ranges from dark blue in fresh specimens to pale blue-gray in older ones. The milk, or <a href="/wiki/Latex" title="Latex">latex</a>, that oozes when the mushroom tissue is cut or broken (a feature common to all members of the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Lactarius_(fungus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lactarius (fungus)">Lactarius</a></i>) is also <a href="/wiki/Indigo" title="Indigo">indigo</a> blue, but slowly turns green upon exposure to air. The <a href="/wiki/Pileus_(mycology)" title="Pileus (mycology)">cap</a> has a diameter of 5–15 cm (2–6 in), and the <a href="/wiki/Stipe_(mycology)" title="Stipe (mycology)">stem</a> is <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>2–8 cm (<span class="frac"><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span>–<span class="frac">3<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> in) tall and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">1–2.5 cm (<span class="frac"><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span>–1 in) thick. (<b><a href="/wiki/Lactarius_indigo" title="Lactarius indigo">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 2 A Western Han painted ceramic jar with raised reliefs of dragons, phoenixes, and taotie designs The Han dynasty (202 BC – 220 AD) was the second imperial dynasty of China, following the Qin dynasty (221–207 BC). It was divided into the periods of Western (Former) Han (202 BC – 9 AD) and Eastern (Later) Han (25–220 AD), briefly interrupted by the Xin dynasty (9–23 AD) of Wang Mang. The capital of Western Han was Chang'an, and the capital of Eastern Han was Luoyang. The emperor headed the government, promulgating all written laws, serving as commander-in-chief of the armed forces, and presiding as the chief executive official. He appointed all government officials who earned a salary of 600 bushels of grain or more (though these salaries were largely paid in coin cash) with the help of advisors who reviewed each nominee. The empress dowager could either be the emperor's actual or symbolic mother, and was in practice more respected than the emperor, as she could override his decisions; she can even make decisions on behalf of the emperor in dilemma matters of the country or for the order and continuation of the dynasty, even if necessary, with the support of the courtiers, she would decide on his successor or his dismissal. Although such a challenge was raised by the empress dowager to the emperor during the emperor's youth or incapacity. The emperor's executive powers could also be practiced by any official upon whom he bestowed the Staff of Authority. These powers included the right to execute criminals without the imperial court's permission. Near the beginning of the dynasty, semi-autonomous regional kings rivaled the emperor's authority. This autonomy was greatly diminished when the imperial court enacted reforms following the threats to central control like the Rebellion of the Seven States. The end of the Han dynasty came about during a time of civil, military and religious upheaval, which resulted in the period of Three Kingdoms. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 2 A Western Han painted ceramic jar with raised reliefs of dragons, phoenixes, and taotie designs The Han dynasty (202 BC – 220 AD) was the second imperial dynasty of China, following the Qin dynasty (221–207 BC). It was divided into the periods of Western (Former) Han (202 BC – 9 AD) and Eastern (Later) Han (25–220 AD), briefly interrupted by the Xin dynasty (9–23 AD) of Wang Mang. The capital of Western Han was Chang'an, and the capital of Eastern Han was Luoyang. The emperor headed the government, promulgating all written laws, serving as commander-in-chief of the armed forces, and presiding as the chief executive official. He appointed all government officials who earned a salary of 600 bushels of grain or more (though these salaries were largely paid in coin cash) with the help of advisors who reviewed each nominee. The empress dowager could either be the emperor's actual or symbolic mother, and was in practice more respected than the emperor, as she could override his decisions; she can even make decisions on behalf of the emperor in dilemma matters of the country or for the order and continuation of the dynasty, even if necessary, with the support of the courtiers, she would decide on his successor or his dismissal. Although such a challenge was raised by the empress dowager to the emperor during the emperor's youth or incapacity. The emperor's executive powers could also be practiced by any official upon whom he bestowed the Staff of Authority. These powers included the right to execute criminals without the imperial court's permission. Near the beginning of the dynasty, semi-autonomous regional kings rivaled the emperor's authority. This autonomy was greatly diminished when the imperial court enacted reforms following the threats to central control like the Rebellion of the Seven States. The end of the Han dynasty came about during a time of civil, military and religious upheaval, which resulted in the period of Three Kingdoms. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 2</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:China_qing_blue.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/China_qing_blue.JPG/300px-China_qing_blue.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="432" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/China_qing_blue.JPG/450px-China_qing_blue.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/China_qing_blue.JPG/600px-China_qing_blue.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2376" data-file-height="3424" /></a><figcaption>A Western Han painted <a href="/wiki/Chinese_ceramics" title="Chinese ceramics">ceramic</a> jar with raised reliefs of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_dragon" title="Chinese dragon">dragons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fenghuang" title="Fenghuang">phoenixes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Taotie" title="Taotie">taotie</a> designs</figcaption></figure><br />The <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a> (202 BC – 220 AD) was the second <a href="/wiki/Dynasties_in_Chinese_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynasties in Chinese history">imperial dynasty of China</a>, following the <a href="/wiki/Qin_dynasty" title="Qin dynasty">Qin dynasty</a> (221–207 BC). It was divided into the periods of Western (Former) Han (202 BC – 9 AD) and Eastern (Later) Han (25–220 AD), briefly interrupted by the <a href="/wiki/Xin_dynasty" title="Xin dynasty">Xin dynasty</a> (9–23 AD) of <a href="/wiki/Wang_Mang" title="Wang Mang">Wang Mang</a>. The capital of Western Han was <a href="/wiki/Chang%27an" title="Chang'an">Chang'an</a>, and the capital of Eastern Han was <a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_China" title="Emperor of China">emperor</a> headed the government, <a href="/wiki/Promulgation" title="Promulgation">promulgating</a> all written laws, serving as <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief" title="Commander-in-chief">commander-in-chief</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_China_(pre-1911)" class="mw-redirect" title="Military history of China (pre-1911)">armed forces</a>, and presiding as the chief executive official. He appointed all government officials who earned a salary of 600 <a href="/wiki/Bushel" title="Bushel">bushels</a> of grain or more (though these salaries were largely paid in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Chinese_coinage" title="Ancient Chinese coinage">coin cash</a>) with the help of advisors who reviewed each nominee. The <a href="/wiki/Empress_dowager" title="Empress dowager">empress dowager</a> could either be the emperor's actual or symbolic mother, and was in practice more respected than the emperor, as she could override his decisions; she can even make decisions on behalf of the emperor in dilemma matters of the country or for the order and continuation of the dynasty, even if necessary, with the support of the courtiers, she would decide on his successor or his dismissal. Although such a challenge was raised by the empress dowager to the emperor during the emperor's youth or incapacity. The emperor's executive powers could also be practiced by any official upon whom he bestowed the Staff of Authority. These powers included the right to execute criminals without the imperial court's permission.<br /><br />Near the beginning of the dynasty, <a href="/wiki/Kings_of_the_Han_dynasty" title="Kings of the Han dynasty">semi-autonomous regional kings</a> rivaled the emperor's authority. This autonomy was greatly diminished when the imperial court enacted reforms following the threats to central control like the <a href="/wiki/Rebellion_of_the_Seven_States" title="Rebellion of the Seven States">Rebellion of the Seven States</a>. The <a href="/wiki/End_of_the_Han_dynasty" title="End of the Han dynasty">end of the Han dynasty</a> came about during a time of civil, military and religious upheaval, which resulted in the period of <a href="/wiki/Three_Kingdoms" title="Three Kingdoms">Three Kingdoms</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Han_dynasty" title="Government of the Han dynasty">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 3 Jiaozi, the world's first paper-printed currency, a Song innovation. The Song dynasty (Chinese: 宋朝; 960–1279 CE) witnessed many substantial scientific and technological advances in Chinese history. Some of these advances and innovations were the products of talented statesmen and scholar-officials drafted by the government through imperial examinations. Shen Kuo (1031–1095), author of the Dream Pool Essays, is a prime example, an inventor and pioneering figure who introduced many new advances in Chinese astronomy and mathematics, establishing the concept of true north in the first known experiments with the magnetic compass. However, commoner craftsmen such as Bi Sheng (972–1051), the inventor of movable type printing (in a form predating the printing press of Johannes Gutenberg), were also heavily involved in technical innovations. The ingenuity of advanced mechanical engineering had a long tradition in China. The Song engineer Su Song, who constructed a hydraulically-powered astronomical clocktower, admitted that he and his contemporaries were building upon the achievements of the ancients such as Zhang Heng (78–139), an astronomer, inventor, and early master of mechanical gears whose armillary sphere was automatically rotated by a waterwheel and clepsydra timer. The application of movable type printing advanced the already widespread use of woodblock printing to educate and amuse Confucian students and the masses. The application of new weapons employing the use of gunpowder enabled the Song to ward off its militant enemies—the Liao, Western Xia, and Jin with weapons such as cannons—until its collapse to the Mongol forces of Kublai Khan in the late 13th century. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 3 Jiaozi, the world's first paper-printed currency, a Song innovation. The Song dynasty (Chinese: 宋朝; 960–1279 CE) witnessed many substantial scientific and technological advances in Chinese history. Some of these advances and innovations were the products of talented statesmen and scholar-officials drafted by the government through imperial examinations. Shen Kuo (1031–1095), author of the Dream Pool Essays, is a prime example, an inventor and pioneering figure who introduced many new advances in Chinese astronomy and mathematics, establishing the concept of true north in the first known experiments with the magnetic compass. However, commoner craftsmen such as Bi Sheng (972–1051), the inventor of movable type printing (in a form predating the printing press of Johannes Gutenberg), were also heavily involved in technical innovations. The ingenuity of advanced mechanical engineering had a long tradition in China. The Song engineer Su Song, who constructed a hydraulically-powered astronomical clocktower, admitted that he and his contemporaries were building upon the achievements of the ancients such as Zhang Heng (78–139), an astronomer, inventor, and early master of mechanical gears whose armillary sphere was automatically rotated by a waterwheel and clepsydra timer. The application of movable type printing advanced the already widespread use of woodblock printing to educate and amuse Confucian students and the masses. The application of new weapons employing the use of gunpowder enabled the Song to ward off its militant enemies—the Liao, Western Xia, and Jin with weapons such as cannons—until its collapse to the Mongol forces of Kublai Khan in the late 13th century. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 3</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jiao_zi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A reddish purple rectangular piece of paper, about two times as long as it is wide, with a design divided into three sections. The top section depicts ten circles in two rows of five. The middle section is several lines of text, vertically ruled, and the bottom section depicts several men standing in front of a gate." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Jiao_zi.jpg/220px-Jiao_zi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="384" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/Jiao_zi.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="308" data-file-height="537" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jiaozi_(currency)" title="Jiaozi (currency)">Jiaozi</a>, the world's first <a href="/wiki/Banknote" title="Banknote">paper-printed</a> <a href="/wiki/Currency" title="Currency">currency</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> innovation.</figcaption></figure><br />The <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">宋朝</span>; 960–1279 CE) witnessed many substantial <a href="/wiki/History_of_science_and_technology_in_China" title="History of science and technology in China">scientific and technological</a> advances in <a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">Chinese history</a>. Some of these advances and innovations were the products of talented statesmen and <a href="/wiki/Scholar-officials" class="mw-redirect" title="Scholar-officials">scholar-officials</a> drafted by the government through <a href="/wiki/Imperial_examination" title="Imperial examination">imperial examinations</a>. <a href="/wiki/Shen_Kuo" title="Shen Kuo">Shen Kuo</a> (1031–1095), author of the <i><a href="/wiki/Dream_Pool_Essays" title="Dream Pool Essays">Dream Pool Essays</a></i>, is a prime example, an <a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_inventions" title="List of Chinese inventions">inventor</a> and pioneering figure who introduced many new advances in <a href="/wiki/Chinese_astronomy" title="Chinese astronomy">Chinese astronomy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_mathematics" title="Chinese mathematics">mathematics</a>, establishing the concept of <a href="/wiki/True_north" title="True north">true north</a> in the first known experiments with the magnetic <a href="/wiki/Compass" title="Compass">compass</a>. However, commoner craftsmen such as <a href="/wiki/Bi_Sheng" title="Bi Sheng">Bi Sheng</a> (972–1051), the inventor of <a href="/wiki/History_of_printing_in_East_Asia" title="History of printing in East Asia">movable type printing</a> (in a form predating the <a href="/wiki/Printing_press" title="Printing press">printing press</a> of <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Gutenberg" title="Johannes Gutenberg">Johannes Gutenberg</a>), were also heavily involved in technical innovations.<br /><br />The ingenuity of advanced <a href="/wiki/Mechanical_engineering" title="Mechanical engineering">mechanical engineering</a> had a long tradition in China. The Song engineer <a href="/wiki/Su_Song" title="Su Song">Su Song</a>, who constructed a <a href="/wiki/Hydraulics" title="Hydraulics">hydraulically-powered</a> <a href="/wiki/Astronomical_clock" title="Astronomical clock">astronomical</a> <a href="/wiki/Clocktower" class="mw-redirect" title="Clocktower">clocktower</a>, admitted that he and his contemporaries were building upon the achievements of the ancients such as <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Heng" title="Zhang Heng">Zhang Heng</a> (78–139), an astronomer, inventor, and early master of mechanical gears whose <a href="/wiki/Armillary_sphere" title="Armillary sphere">armillary sphere</a> was automatically rotated by a <a href="/wiki/Waterwheel" class="mw-redirect" title="Waterwheel">waterwheel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Water_clock" title="Water clock">clepsydra</a> timer. The application of <a href="/wiki/Movable_type" title="Movable type">movable type</a> <a href="/wiki/History_of_printing" title="History of printing">printing</a> advanced the already widespread use of <a href="/wiki/Woodblock_printing" title="Woodblock printing">woodblock printing</a> to educate and amuse <a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucian</a> students and the masses. The application of <a href="/wiki/History_of_gunpowder" title="History of gunpowder">new weapons</a> employing the use of <a href="/wiki/Gunpowder" title="Gunpowder">gunpowder</a> enabled the Song to ward off its militant enemies—the <a href="/wiki/Liao_dynasty" title="Liao dynasty">Liao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_Xia" title="Western Xia">Western Xia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin</a> with weapons such as <a href="/wiki/Cannon" title="Cannon">cannons</a>—until its collapse to the <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongol</a> forces of <a href="/wiki/Kublai_Khan" title="Kublai Khan">Kublai Khan</a> in the late 13th century. (<b><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_of_the_Song_dynasty" title="Science and technology of the Song dynasty">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 4 West front St. Michael's Cathedral (German: Kathedrale St. Michael; Chinese: 圣弥爱尔大教堂; pinyin: Shèng Mí'ài'ěr Dàjiàotáng), also called the Zhejiang Road Catholic Church (Chinese: 浙江路天主教堂), is a Catholic church in Qingdao (Tsingtao), Shandong Province, China, and is the seat of the bishop of the Diocese of Qingdao (Tsingtao). It is located in the oldest part of Qingdao, at 15 Zhejiang Road, on the east side of Zhongshan Road in Shinan District. Built by German missionaries, the cathedral stands at the top of a hill in the center of the old German-built part of the city. It is the largest example of Romanesque Revival architecture in the province, resembling a German cathedral of the 12th century. St. Michael's Cathedral is the product of a strong German presence in Shandong Province in the 19th and early 20th centuries. In the mid-19th century the European powers forcibly opened China to foreign trade. The Divine Word Missionaries built a church in the Jiaozhou Bay concession in Shandong in 1902, and in 1934 erected the cathedral, which remained nominally under their administration until 1964. In 1942 it came under the control of the Japanese Army, returning to Chinese control when the Japanese left Qingdao in 1945. In the early 1950s, all foreign missionaries, including the Bishop of Qingdao, were either imprisoned or expelled from China, and during the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976) the cathedral was defaced and abandoned. In 1981, it was repaired by the government and reopened for services, and in 1992 it was listed as a Provincial Historic Building by the government of Shandong Province. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 4 West front St. Michael's Cathedral (German: Kathedrale St. Michael; Chinese: 圣弥爱尔大教堂; pinyin: Shèng Mí'ài'ěr Dàjiàotáng), also called the Zhejiang Road Catholic Church (Chinese: 浙江路天主教堂), is a Catholic church in Qingdao (Tsingtao), Shandong Province, China, and is the seat of the bishop of the Diocese of Qingdao (Tsingtao). It is located in the oldest part of Qingdao, at 15 Zhejiang Road, on the east side of Zhongshan Road in Shinan District. Built by German missionaries, the cathedral stands at the top of a hill in the center of the old German-built part of the city. It is the largest example of Romanesque Revival architecture in the province, resembling a German cathedral of the 12th century. St. Michael's Cathedral is the product of a strong German presence in Shandong Province in the 19th and early 20th centuries. In the mid-19th century the European powers forcibly opened China to foreign trade. The Divine Word Missionaries built a church in the Jiaozhou Bay concession in Shandong in 1902, and in 1934 erected the cathedral, which remained nominally under their administration until 1964. In 1942 it came under the control of the Japanese Army, returning to Chinese control when the Japanese left Qingdao in 1945. In the early 1950s, all foreign missionaries, including the Bishop of Qingdao, were either imprisoned or expelled from China, and during the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976) the cathedral was defaced and abandoned. In 1981, it was repaired by the government and reopened for services, and in 1992 it was listed as a Provincial Historic Building by the government of Shandong Province. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 4</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Michaels_Cathedral_West_Front.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/St_Michaels_Cathedral_West_Front.png/220px-St_Michaels_Cathedral_West_Front.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/St_Michaels_Cathedral_West_Front.png/330px-St_Michaels_Cathedral_West_Front.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/St_Michaels_Cathedral_West_Front.png/440px-St_Michaels_Cathedral_West_Front.png 2x" data-file-width="668" data-file-height="820" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center"><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_architecture_of_Western_Europe#West_front" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral architecture of Western Europe">West front</a></div></div></div></div><br /><b><a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s_Cathedral,_Qingdao" title="St. Michael's Cathedral, Qingdao">St. Michael's Cathedral</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de"><b>Kathedrale St. Michael</b></i>; <a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%9C%A3" class="extiw" title="wikt:圣">圣</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%BC%A5" class="extiw" title="wikt:弥">弥</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%88%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:爱">爱</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B0%94" class="extiw" title="wikt:尔">尔</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7" class="extiw" title="wikt:大">大</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%95%99" class="extiw" title="wikt:教">教</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A0%82" class="extiw" title="wikt:堂">堂</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Shèng Mí'ài'ěr Dàjiàotáng</span></i>), also called the <b>Zhejiang Road Catholic Church</b> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">浙江路天主教堂</span>), is a <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> church in <a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a> (Tsingtao), <a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a> Province, China, and is the seat of the bishop of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Qingdao" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Qingdao">Diocese of Qingdao</a> (Tsingtao). It is located in the oldest part of Qingdao, at 15 Zhejiang Road, on the east side of Zhongshan Road in <a href="/wiki/Shinan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shinan District">Shinan District</a>. Built by <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">German</a> missionaries, the cathedral stands at the top of a hill in the center of the old German-built part of the city. It is the largest example of <a href="/wiki/Romanesque_architecture#Romanesque_Revival" title="Romanesque architecture">Romanesque Revival architecture</a> in the province, resembling a German cathedral of the 12th century.<br /><br />St. Michael's Cathedral is the product of a strong German presence in Shandong Province in the 19th and early 20th centuries. In the mid-19th century the European powers forcibly opened China to foreign trade. The <a href="/wiki/Divine_Word_Missionaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Divine Word Missionaries">Divine Word Missionaries</a> built a church in the <a href="/wiki/Jiaozhou_Bay_concession" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiaozhou Bay concession">Jiaozhou Bay concession</a> in Shandong in 1902, and in 1934 erected the cathedral, which remained nominally under their administration until 1964. In 1942 it came under the control of the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army" title="Imperial Japanese Army">Japanese Army</a>, returning to Chinese control when the Japanese left Qingdao in 1945. In the early 1950s, all foreign missionaries, including the Bishop of Qingdao, were either imprisoned or expelled from China, and during the <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a> (1966–1976) the cathedral was defaced and abandoned. In 1981, it was repaired by the government and reopened for services, and in 1992 it was listed as a Provincial Historic Building by the government of Shandong Province. (<b><a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s_Cathedral,_Qingdao" title="St. Michael's Cathedral, Qingdao">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 5 Comparison between Gwoyeu Romatzyh (top) and pinyin (bottom) for Gwoyeu Romatzyh's official name 國音字母第二式 ('Second Pattern of the National Alphabet'; middle) Gwoyeu Romatzyh (/ˌɡwoʊjuː roʊˈmɑːtsə/ GWOH-yoo roh-MAHT-sə; abbr. GR) is a system for writing Standard Chinese using the Latin alphabet. It was primarily conceived by Yuen Ren Chao (1892–1982), who led a group of linguists on the National Languages Committee in refining the system between 1925 and 1926. In September 1928, it was adopted by the Republic of China as the national romanization system for Standard Chinese. GR indicates the four tones of Standard Chinese by varying the spelling of syllables, a method originally proposed by team member Lin Yutang (1895–1976). Distinct sets of spellings are assigned to syllables in GR according to particular rules. This differs from approaches used by other systems to denote tones, like the numerals used by the earlier Wade–Giles system, or the diacritics used by the later Hanyu Pinyin system. Despite support from linguists both in China and overseas—including some early proponents who hoped it would eventually replace Chinese characters altogether—GR never achieved widespread use among the Chinese public, who generally lacked interest in the system or viewed it with hostility due to its complex spelling rules. In places where GR had gained traction, it was eventually replaced—largely by Hanyu Pinyin (or simply "pinyin"), which became the international standard during the 1980s, and itself follows principles originally introduced by GR. Widespread adoption of the system was also hindered by its narrow calibration to the Beijing dialect, during a period when China lacked the strong central government needed to impose use of a national spoken language. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 5 Comparison between Gwoyeu Romatzyh (top) and pinyin (bottom) for Gwoyeu Romatzyh's official name 國音字母第二式 ('Second Pattern of the National Alphabet'; middle) Gwoyeu Romatzyh (/ˌɡwoʊjuː roʊˈmɑːtsə/ GWOH-yoo roh-MAHT-sə; abbr. GR) is a system for writing Standard Chinese using the Latin alphabet. It was primarily conceived by Yuen Ren Chao (1892–1982), who led a group of linguists on the National Languages Committee in refining the system between 1925 and 1926. In September 1928, it was adopted by the Republic of China as the national romanization system for Standard Chinese. GR indicates the four tones of Standard Chinese by varying the spelling of syllables, a method originally proposed by team member Lin Yutang (1895–1976). Distinct sets of spellings are assigned to syllables in GR according to particular rules. This differs from approaches used by other systems to denote tones, like the numerals used by the earlier Wade–Giles system, or the diacritics used by the later Hanyu Pinyin system. Despite support from linguists both in China and overseas—including some early proponents who hoped it would eventually replace Chinese characters altogether—GR never achieved widespread use among the Chinese public, who generally lacked interest in the system or viewed it with hostility due to its complex spelling rules. In places where GR had gained traction, it was eventually replaced—largely by Hanyu Pinyin (or simply "pinyin"), which became the international standard during the 1980s, and itself follows principles originally introduced by GR. Widespread adoption of the system was also hindered by its narrow calibration to the Beijing dialect, during a period when China lacked the strong central government needed to impose use of a national spoken language. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 5</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Gwoyeu_Romatzyh_%E2%80%93_%E5%9C%8B%E9%9F%B3%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%BC%8F.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Gwoyeu_Romatzyh_%E2%80%93_%E5%9C%8B%E9%9F%B3%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%BC%8F.svg/220px-Gwoyeu_Romatzyh_%E2%80%93_%E5%9C%8B%E9%9F%B3%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%BC%8F.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Gwoyeu_Romatzyh_%E2%80%93_%E5%9C%8B%E9%9F%B3%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%BC%8F.svg/330px-Gwoyeu_Romatzyh_%E2%80%93_%E5%9C%8B%E9%9F%B3%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%BC%8F.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Gwoyeu_Romatzyh_%E2%80%93_%E5%9C%8B%E9%9F%B3%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%BC%8F.svg/440px-Gwoyeu_Romatzyh_%E2%80%93_%E5%9C%8B%E9%9F%B3%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%BC%8F.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Comparison between Gwoyeu Romatzyh (top) and <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a> (bottom) for Gwoyeu Romatzyh's official name <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">國音字母第二式</span></span> ('Second Pattern of the National Alphabet'; middle)</div></div></div></div><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Gwoyeu_Romatzyh" title="Gwoyeu Romatzyh">Gwoyeu Romatzyh</a></b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="'w' in 'wind'">w</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="/j/: 'y' in 'yes'">j</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">GWOH</span>-yoo roh-<span style="font-size:90%">MAHT</span>-sə</i></a>; <abbr title="abbreviated">abbr.</abbr> <b>GR</b>) is a system for writing <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Chinese</a> using the <a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin alphabet</a>. It was primarily conceived by <a href="/wiki/Yuen_Ren_Chao" title="Yuen Ren Chao">Yuen Ren Chao</a> (1892–1982), who led a group of <a href="/wiki/Linguists" class="mw-redirect" title="Linguists">linguists</a> on the <a href="/wiki/National_Languages_Committee" title="National Languages Committee">National Languages Committee</a> in refining the system between 1925 and 1926. In September 1928, it was adopted by the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a> as the national romanization system for Standard Chinese. GR indicates the four <a href="/wiki/Tones_of_Standard_Chinese" class="mw-redirect" title="Tones of Standard Chinese">tones of Standard Chinese</a> by varying the spelling of syllables, a method originally proposed by team member <a href="/wiki/Lin_Yutang" title="Lin Yutang">Lin Yutang</a> (1895–1976). Distinct sets of spellings are assigned to syllables in GR according to particular rules. This differs from approaches used by other systems to denote tones, like the <a href="/wiki/Tone_number" title="Tone number">numerals</a> used by the earlier <a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a> system, or the <a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">diacritics</a> used by the later <a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a> system.<br /><br />Despite support from linguists both in China and overseas—including some early proponents who hoped it would eventually replace <a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">Chinese characters</a> altogether—GR never achieved widespread use among the Chinese public, who generally lacked interest in the system or viewed it with hostility due to its complex spelling rules. In places where GR had gained traction, it was eventually replaced—largely by Hanyu Pinyin (or simply "pinyin"), which became the international standard during the 1980s, and itself follows principles originally introduced by GR. Widespread adoption of the system was also hindered by its narrow calibration to the Beijing dialect, during a period when China lacked the strong central government needed to impose use of a national spoken language. (<b><a href="/wiki/Gwoyeu_Romatzyh" title="Gwoyeu Romatzyh">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 6 Posthumous portrait Du Fu (Chinese: 杜甫; Wade–Giles: Tu Fu; 712–770) was a Chinese poet and politician during the Tang dynasty. Together with his elder contemporary and friend Li Bai, Du is often considered one of the greatest Chinese poets. His greatest ambition was to serve his country as a successful civil servant, but Du proved unable to make the necessary accommodations. His life, like all of China, was devastated by the An Lushan Rebellion of 755, and his last 15 years were a time of almost constant unrest. Although initially he was little-known to other writers, his works came to be hugely influential in both Chinese and Japanese literary culture. Of his poetic writing, nearly fifteen hundred poems have been preserved over the ages. He has been called the "Poet-Historian" and the "Poet-Sage" by Chinese critics, while the range of his work has allowed him to be introduced to Western readers as "the Chinese Virgil, Horace, Ovid, Shakespeare, Milton, Burns, Wordsworth, Béranger, Hugo or Baudelaire". (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 6 Posthumous portrait Du Fu (Chinese: 杜甫; Wade–Giles: Tu Fu; 712–770) was a Chinese poet and politician during the Tang dynasty. Together with his elder contemporary and friend Li Bai, Du is often considered one of the greatest Chinese poets. His greatest ambition was to serve his country as a successful civil servant, but Du proved unable to make the necessary accommodations. His life, like all of China, was devastated by the An Lushan Rebellion of 755, and his last 15 years were a time of almost constant unrest. Although initially he was little-known to other writers, his works came to be hugely influential in both Chinese and Japanese literary culture. Of his poetic writing, nearly fifteen hundred poems have been preserved over the ages. He has been called the "Poet-Historian" and the "Poet-Sage" by Chinese critics, while the range of his work has allowed him to be introduced to Western readers as "the Chinese Virgil, Horace, Ovid, Shakespeare, Milton, Burns, Wordsworth, Béranger, Hugo or Baudelaire". (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 6</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Dufu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Dufu.jpg/220px-Dufu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Dufu.jpg/330px-Dufu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Dufu.jpg/440px-Dufu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1480" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Posthumous portrait</div></div></div></div><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Du_Fu" title="Du Fu">Du Fu</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%9D%9C" class="extiw" title="wikt:杜">杜</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%94%AB" class="extiw" title="wikt:甫">甫</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn-wadegile">Tu Fu</span></i>; 712–770) was a Chinese poet and politician during the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a>. Together with his elder contemporary and friend <a href="/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai">Li Bai</a>, Du is often considered one of the greatest <a href="/wiki/Chinese_poetry" title="Chinese poetry">Chinese poets</a>. His greatest ambition was to serve his country as a successful <a href="/wiki/Civil_servant" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil servant">civil servant</a>, but Du proved unable to make the necessary accommodations. His life, like all of China, was devastated by the <a href="/wiki/An_Lushan_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="An Lushan Rebellion">An Lushan Rebellion</a> of 755, and his last 15 years were a time of almost constant unrest.<br /><br />Although initially he was little-known to other writers, his works came to be hugely influential in both <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_China#Literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of China">Chinese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Japan#Literature" title="Culture of Japan">Japanese literary culture</a>. Of his poetic writing, nearly fifteen hundred poems have been preserved over the ages. He has been called the "Poet-Historian" and the "Poet-Sage" by Chinese critics, while the range of his work has allowed him to be introduced to <a href="/wiki/Western_culture" title="Western culture">Western</a> readers as "the Chinese <a href="/wiki/Virgil" title="Virgil">Virgil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horace" title="Horace">Horace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Milton" title="John Milton">Milton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns" title="Robert Burns">Burns</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Wordsworth" title="William Wordsworth">Wordsworth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Jean_de_B%C3%A9ranger" title="Pierre-Jean de Béranger">Béranger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victor_Hugo" title="Victor Hugo">Hugo</a> or <a href="/wiki/Charles_Baudelaire" title="Charles Baudelaire">Baudelaire</a>". (<b><a href="/wiki/Du_Fu" title="Du Fu">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 7 Nicole Cooke, gold medalist The women's road race was one of the cycling events at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China. It took place on 10 August 2008, featuring 66 women from 33 countries. It was the seventh appearance of an Olympic women's road race event and featured a longer course than any of the previous six races. The race was run on the Urban Road Cycling Course (one of Beijing's nine temporary venues), which is 102.6 kilometres (63.8 mi) total. Including a second lap around the 23.8 km (14.8 mi) final circuit, the total distance of the women's race was 126.4 km (78.5 mi), less than half the length of the men's race. Heavy rain during most of the race made conditions difficult for the competitors. A group of five broke away during the final lap and worked together until the final sprint, where Nicole Cooke won the race. Cooke earned Great Britain's first medal at these Games and 200th Olympic gold medal overall. Emma Johansson of Sweden and Tatiana Guderzo of Italy, finishing second and third place with the same time as Cooke, received silver and bronze medals respectively. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 7 Nicole Cooke, gold medalist The women's road race was one of the cycling events at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China. It took place on 10 August 2008, featuring 66 women from 33 countries. It was the seventh appearance of an Olympic women's road race event and featured a longer course than any of the previous six races. The race was run on the Urban Road Cycling Course (one of Beijing's nine temporary venues), which is 102.6 kilometres (63.8 mi) total. Including a second lap around the 23.8 km (14.8 mi) final circuit, the total distance of the women's race was 126.4 km (78.5 mi), less than half the length of the men's race. Heavy rain during most of the race made conditions difficult for the competitors. A group of five broke away during the final lap and worked together until the final sprint, where Nicole Cooke won the race. Cooke earned Great Britain's first medal at these Games and 200th Olympic gold medal overall. Emma Johansson of Sweden and Tatiana Guderzo of Italy, finishing second and third place with the same time as Cooke, received silver and bronze medals respectively. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 7</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Nicole_Cooke_Geelong_World_Cup_2007_podium_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Nicole_Cooke_Geelong_World_Cup_2007_podium_1.jpg/220px-Nicole_Cooke_Geelong_World_Cup_2007_podium_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Nicole_Cooke_Geelong_World_Cup_2007_podium_1.jpg/330px-Nicole_Cooke_Geelong_World_Cup_2007_podium_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Nicole_Cooke_Geelong_World_Cup_2007_podium_1.jpg/440px-Nicole_Cooke_Geelong_World_Cup_2007_podium_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Nicole Cooke, gold medalist</div></div></div></div><br />The women's road race was one of the <a href="/wiki/Cycling_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics" title="Cycling at the 2008 Summer Olympics">cycling events</a> at the <a href="/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics" title="2008 Summer Olympics">2008 Summer Olympics</a> in <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, China. It took place on 10 August 2008, featuring 66 women from 33 countries. It was the seventh appearance of an Olympic women's road race event and featured a longer course than any of the previous six races. The race was run on the <a href="/wiki/Urban_Road_Cycling_Course" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban Road Cycling Course">Urban Road Cycling Course</a> (one of Beijing's nine temporary <a href="/wiki/Venues_of_the_2008_Summer_Olympics" title="Venues of the 2008 Summer Olympics">venues</a>), which is 102.6 kilometres (63.8 mi) total. Including a second lap around the 23.8 km (14.8 mi) final circuit, the total distance of the women's race was 126.4 km (78.5 mi), less than half the length of the men's race.<br /><br />Heavy rain during most of the race made conditions difficult for the competitors. A group of five broke away during the final lap and worked together until the final sprint, where <a href="/wiki/Nicole_Cooke" title="Nicole Cooke">Nicole Cooke</a> won the race. Cooke earned <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics" title="Great Britain at the 2008 Summer Olympics">Great Britain</a>'s first medal at these Games and 200th Olympic gold medal overall. <a href="/wiki/Emma_Johansson" title="Emma Johansson">Emma Johansson</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sweden_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics" title="Sweden at the 2008 Summer Olympics">Sweden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tatiana_Guderzo" title="Tatiana Guderzo">Tatiana Guderzo</a> of <a href="/wiki/Italy_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics" title="Italy at the 2008 Summer Olympics">Italy</a>, finishing second and third place with the same time as Cooke, received silver and bronze medals respectively. (<b><a href="/wiki/Cycling_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_individual_road_race" title="Cycling at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Women's individual road race">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 8 Eastern Hemisphere in AD 50, the middle of the first century Between the Roman Empire and the Han dynasty, as well as between the later Eastern Roman Empire and various successive Chinese dynasties, there were (primarily indirect) contacts and flows of trade goods, information, and occasional travelers between. These empires inched progressively closer to each other in the course of the Roman expansion into ancient Western Asia and of the simultaneous Han military incursions into Central Asia. Mutual awareness remained low, and firm knowledge about each other was limited. Surviving records document only a few attempts at direct contact. Intermediate empires such as the Parthians and Kushans, seeking to maintain control over the lucrative silk trade, inhibited direct contact between the two ancient Eurasian powers. In 97 AD, the Chinese general Ban Chao tried to send his envoy Gan Ying to Rome, but Parthians dissuaded Gan from venturing beyond the Persian Gulf. Ancient Chinese historians recorded several alleged Roman emissaries to China. The first one on record, supposedly either from the Roman emperor Antoninus Pius or from his adopted son Marcus Aurelius, arrived in 166 AD. Others are recorded as arriving in 226 and 284 AD, followed by a long hiatus until the first recorded Byzantine embassy in 643 AD. The indirect exchange of goods on land along the Silk Road and sea routes involved (for example) Chinese silk, Roman glassware and high-quality cloth. Roman coins minted from the 1st century AD onwards have been found in China, as well as a coin of Maximian (Roman emperor from 286 to 305 AD) and medallions from the reigns of Antoninus Pius (r. 138–161 AD) and Marcus Aurelius (r. 161–180 AD) in Jiaozhi (in present-day Vietnam), the same region at which Chinese sources claim the Romans first landed. Roman glassware and silverware have been discovered at Chinese archaeological sites dated to the Han period (202 BC to 220 AD). Roman coins and glass beads have also been found in the Japanese archipelago. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 8 Eastern Hemisphere in AD 50, the middle of the first century Between the Roman Empire and the Han dynasty, as well as between the later Eastern Roman Empire and various successive Chinese dynasties, there were (primarily indirect) contacts and flows of trade goods, information, and occasional travelers between. These empires inched progressively closer to each other in the course of the Roman expansion into ancient Western Asia and of the simultaneous Han military incursions into Central Asia. Mutual awareness remained low, and firm knowledge about each other was limited. Surviving records document only a few attempts at direct contact. Intermediate empires such as the Parthians and Kushans, seeking to maintain control over the lucrative silk trade, inhibited direct contact between the two ancient Eurasian powers. In 97 AD, the Chinese general Ban Chao tried to send his envoy Gan Ying to Rome, but Parthians dissuaded Gan from venturing beyond the Persian Gulf. Ancient Chinese historians recorded several alleged Roman emissaries to China. The first one on record, supposedly either from the Roman emperor Antoninus Pius or from his adopted son Marcus Aurelius, arrived in 166 AD. Others are recorded as arriving in 226 and 284 AD, followed by a long hiatus until the first recorded Byzantine embassy in 643 AD. The indirect exchange of goods on land along the Silk Road and sea routes involved (for example) Chinese silk, Roman glassware and high-quality cloth. Roman coins minted from the 1st century AD onwards have been found in China, as well as a coin of Maximian (Roman emperor from 286 to 305 AD) and medallions from the reigns of Antoninus Pius (r. 138–161 AD) and Marcus Aurelius (r. 161–180 AD) in Jiaozhi (in present-day Vietnam), the same region at which Chinese sources claim the Romans first landed. Roman glassware and silverware have been discovered at Chinese archaeological sites dated to the Han period (202 BC to 220 AD). Roman coins and glass beads have also been found in the Japanese archipelago. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 8</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:East-Hem_050ad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/East-Hem_050ad.jpg/220px-East-Hem_050ad.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/East-Hem_050ad.jpg/330px-East-Hem_050ad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/East-Hem_050ad.jpg/440px-East-Hem_050ad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3240" data-file-height="1903" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Hemisphere" title="Eastern Hemisphere">Eastern Hemisphere</a> in <a href="/wiki/AD_50" title="AD 50">AD 50</a>, the middle of the first century</div></div></div></div><br />Between the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a>, as well as between the later <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Roman Empire">Eastern Roman Empire</a> and various <a href="/wiki/Dynasties_in_Chinese_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynasties in Chinese history">successive Chinese dynasties</a>, there were (primarily indirect) contacts and flows of trade goods, information, and occasional travelers between. These empires inched progressively closer to each other in the course of the Roman expansion into <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Near_East" title="Ancient Near East">ancient Western Asia</a> and of the simultaneous <a href="/wiki/Han%E2%80%93Xiongnu_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Han–Xiongnu War">Han military incursions</a> <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty_in_Inner_Asia" title="Han dynasty in Inner Asia">into Central Asia</a>. Mutual awareness remained low, and firm knowledge about each other was limited. Surviving records document only a few attempts at direct contact. Intermediate empires such as the <a href="/wiki/Parthian_Empire" title="Parthian Empire">Parthians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kushan_Empire" title="Kushan Empire">Kushans</a>, seeking to maintain control over the lucrative <a href="/wiki/Silk_trade" class="mw-redirect" title="Silk trade">silk trade</a>, inhibited direct contact between the two ancient <a href="/wiki/Eurasia" title="Eurasia">Eurasian</a> powers. In 97 AD, the <a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_China_before_1912" title="Military history of China before 1912">Chinese</a> general <a href="/wiki/Ban_Chao" title="Ban Chao">Ban Chao</a> tried to send his envoy <a href="/wiki/Gan_Ying" title="Gan Ying">Gan Ying</a> to <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Rome</a>, but <a href="/wiki/Parthia" title="Parthia">Parthians</a> dissuaded Gan from venturing beyond the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a>. Ancient Chinese historians recorded several alleged Roman emissaries to China. The first one on record, supposedly either from the Roman emperor <a href="/wiki/Antoninus_Pius" title="Antoninus Pius">Antoninus Pius</a> or from his adopted son <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Aurelius" title="Marcus Aurelius">Marcus Aurelius</a>, arrived in 166 AD. Others are recorded as arriving in 226 and 284 AD, followed by a long hiatus until the first recorded <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_diplomacy" title="Byzantine diplomacy">Byzantine embassy</a> in 643 AD.<br /><br />The indirect exchange of goods on land along the <a href="/wiki/Silk_Road" title="Silk Road">Silk Road</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indo%E2%80%93Roman_trade_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo–Roman trade relations">sea routes</a> involved (for example) Chinese <a href="/wiki/Silk" title="Silk">silk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_glass" title="Roman glass">Roman glassware</a> and high-quality cloth. <a href="/wiki/Roman_currency" title="Roman currency">Roman coins</a> minted from the 1st century AD onwards have been found in China, as well as a coin of <a href="/wiki/Maximian" title="Maximian">Maximian</a> (Roman emperor from 286 to 305 AD) and <a href="/wiki/Medal" title="Medal">medallions</a> from the reigns of <a href="/wiki/Nerva%E2%80%93Antonine_dynasty" title="Nerva–Antonine dynasty">Antoninus Pius</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 138–161 AD</span>) and <a href="/wiki/Reign_of_Marcus_Aurelius" title="Reign of Marcus Aurelius">Marcus Aurelius</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 161–180 AD</span>) in <a href="/wiki/Jiaozhi" title="Jiaozhi">Jiaozhi</a> (in present-day <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>), the same region at which Chinese sources claim the Romans first landed. Roman glassware and silverware have been discovered at Chinese archaeological sites dated to the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Han_dynasty" title="History of the Han dynasty">Han period</a> (202 BC to 220 AD). Roman coins and glass beads have also been found in the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_archipelago" title="Japanese archipelago">Japanese archipelago</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Sino-Roman_relations" title="Sino-Roman relations">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 9 Tintin in Tibet (French: Tintin au Tibet) is the twentieth volume of The Adventures of Tintin, the comics series by Belgian cartoonist Hergé. It was serialised weekly from September 1958 to November 1959 in Tintin magazine and published as a book in 1960. Hergé considered it his favourite Tintin adventure and an emotional effort, as he created it while suffering from traumatic nightmares and a personal conflict while deciding to leave his wife of three decades for a younger woman. The story tells of the young reporter Tintin in search of his friend Chang Chong-Chen, who the authorities claim has died in a plane crash in the Himalayas. Convinced that Chang has survived and accompanied only by Snowy, Captain Haddock and the Sherpa guide Tharkey, Tintin crosses the Himalayas to the plateau of Tibet, along the way encountering the mysterious Yeti. Following The Red Sea Sharks (1958) and its large number of characters, Tintin in Tibet differs from other stories in the series in that it features only a few familiar characters and is also Hergé's only adventure not to pit Tintin against an antagonist. Themes in Hergé's story include extrasensory perception, the mysticism of Tibetan Buddhism, and friendship. Translated into 32 languages, Tintin in Tibet was widely acclaimed by critics and is generally considered to be Hergé's finest work; it has also been praised by the Dalai Lama, who awarded it the Light of Truth Award. The story was a commercial success and was published in book form by Casterman shortly after its conclusion; the series itself became a defining part of the Franco-Belgian comics tradition. Tintin in Tibet was adapted for the 1991 Ellipse/Nelvana animated series The Adventures of Tintin, the 1992–93 BBC Radio 5 dramatisation of the Adventures, the 1996 video game of the same name, and the 2005–06 Young Vic musical Hergé's Adventures of Tintin; it was also prominently featured in the 2003 documentary Tintin and I and has been the subject of a museum exhibition. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 9 Tintin in Tibet (French: Tintin au Tibet) is the twentieth volume of The Adventures of Tintin, the comics series by Belgian cartoonist Hergé. It was serialised weekly from September 1958 to November 1959 in Tintin magazine and published as a book in 1960. Hergé considered it his favourite Tintin adventure and an emotional effort, as he created it while suffering from traumatic nightmares and a personal conflict while deciding to leave his wife of three decades for a younger woman. The story tells of the young reporter Tintin in search of his friend Chang Chong-Chen, who the authorities claim has died in a plane crash in the Himalayas. Convinced that Chang has survived and accompanied only by Snowy, Captain Haddock and the Sherpa guide Tharkey, Tintin crosses the Himalayas to the plateau of Tibet, along the way encountering the mysterious Yeti. Following The Red Sea Sharks (1958) and its large number of characters, Tintin in Tibet differs from other stories in the series in that it features only a few familiar characters and is also Hergé's only adventure not to pit Tintin against an antagonist. Themes in Hergé's story include extrasensory perception, the mysticism of Tibetan Buddhism, and friendship. Translated into 32 languages, Tintin in Tibet was widely acclaimed by critics and is generally considered to be Hergé's finest work; it has also been praised by the Dalai Lama, who awarded it the Light of Truth Award. The story was a commercial success and was published in book form by Casterman shortly after its conclusion; the series itself became a defining part of the Franco-Belgian comics tradition. Tintin in Tibet was adapted for the 1991 Ellipse/Nelvana animated series The Adventures of Tintin, the 1992–93 BBC Radio 5 dramatisation of the Adventures, the 1996 video game of the same name, and the 2005–06 Young Vic musical Hergé's Adventures of Tintin; it was also prominently featured in the 2003 documentary Tintin and I and has been the subject of a museum exhibition. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 9</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tintin_in_Tibet" title="Tintin in Tibet">Tintin in Tibet</a></b></i> (French: <i lang="fr"><b>Tintin au Tibet</b></i>) is the twentieth volume of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Tintin" title="The Adventures of Tintin">The Adventures of Tintin</a></i>, the comics series by Belgian cartoonist <a href="/wiki/Herg%C3%A9" title="Hergé">Hergé</a>. It was serialised weekly from September 1958 to November 1959 in <i><a href="/wiki/Tintin_(magazine)" title="Tintin (magazine)">Tintin</a></i> magazine and published as a book in 1960. Hergé considered it his favourite <i>Tintin</i> adventure and an emotional effort, as he created it while suffering from traumatic nightmares and a personal conflict while deciding to leave his wife of three decades for a younger woman. The story tells of the young reporter <a href="/wiki/Tintin_(character)" title="Tintin (character)">Tintin</a> in search of his friend <a href="/wiki/Chang_Chong-Chen" title="Chang Chong-Chen">Chang Chong-Chen</a>, who the authorities claim has died in a plane crash in the <a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a>. Convinced that Chang has survived and accompanied only by <a href="/wiki/Snowy_(character)" title="Snowy (character)">Snowy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Captain_Haddock" title="Captain Haddock">Captain Haddock</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Sherpa_people" title="Sherpa people">Sherpa</a> guide <a href="/wiki/Tharkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Tharkey">Tharkey</a>, Tintin crosses the Himalayas to the plateau of <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a>, along the way encountering the mysterious <a href="/wiki/Yeti" title="Yeti">Yeti</a>.<br /><br />Following <i><a href="/wiki/The_Red_Sea_Sharks" title="The Red Sea Sharks">The Red Sea Sharks</a></i> (1958) and its large number of characters, <i>Tintin in Tibet</i> differs from other stories in the series in that it features only a few familiar characters and is also Hergé's only adventure not to pit Tintin against an antagonist. Themes in Hergé's story include <a href="/wiki/Extrasensory_perception" title="Extrasensory perception">extrasensory perception</a>, the mysticism of <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</a>, and friendship. Translated into 32 languages, <i>Tintin in Tibet</i> was widely acclaimed by critics and is generally considered to be Hergé's finest work; it has also been praised by the <a href="/wiki/14th_Dalai_Lama" title="14th Dalai Lama">Dalai Lama</a>, who awarded it the <a href="/wiki/Light_of_Truth_Award" title="Light of Truth Award">Light of Truth Award</a>. The story was a commercial success and was published in book form by <a href="/wiki/Casterman" title="Casterman">Casterman</a> shortly after its conclusion; the series itself became a defining part of the <a href="/wiki/Franco-Belgian_comics" class="mw-redirect" title="Franco-Belgian comics">Franco-Belgian comics</a> tradition. <i>Tintin in Tibet</i> was adapted for the 1991 <a href="/wiki/Ellipse_Programm%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Ellipse Programmé">Ellipse</a>/<a href="/wiki/Nelvana" title="Nelvana">Nelvana</a> animated series <i><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Tintin_(TV_series)" title="The Adventures of Tintin (TV series)">The Adventures of Tintin</a></i>, the 1992–93 <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_5_(former)" title="BBC Radio 5 (former)">BBC Radio 5</a> dramatisation of the <i>Adventures</i>, the 1996 video game <a href="/wiki/Tintin_in_Tibet_(video_game)" title="Tintin in Tibet (video game)">of the same name</a>, and the 2005–06 <a href="/wiki/Young_Vic" title="Young Vic">Young Vic</a> musical <i>Hergé's Adventures of Tintin</i>; it was also prominently featured in the 2003 documentary <i><a href="/wiki/Tintin_and_I" title="Tintin and I">Tintin and I</a></i> and has been the subject of a museum exhibition. (<b><a href="/wiki/Tintin_in_Tibet" title="Tintin in Tibet">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 10 The Ming dynasty considered Tibet to be part of the Western Regions. While the Ming dynasty at its height had some degree of influence in Tibet, the exact nature of their relations is under dispute by modern scholars. Analysis of the relationship is further complicated by modern political conflicts and the application of Westphalian sovereignty to a time when the concept did not exist. The Historical Status of China's Tibet, a book published by the People's Republic of China, asserts that the Ming dynasty had unquestioned sovereignty over Tibet by pointing to the Ming court's issuing of various titles to Tibetan leaders, Tibetans' full acceptance of the titles, and a renewal process for successors of these titles that involved traveling to the Ming capital. Scholars in China also argue that Tibet has been an integral part of China since the 13th century and so it was a part of the Ming Empire. However, most scholars outside China, such as Turrell V. Wylie, Melvyn C. Goldstein, and Helmut Hoffman, say that the relationship was one of suzerainty, Ming titles were only nominal, Tibet remained an independent region outside Ming control, and it simply paid tribute until the Jiajing Emperor, who ceased relations with Tibet. Some scholars note that Tibetan leaders during the Ming frequently engaged in civil war and conducted their own foreign diplomacy with neighboring states such as Nepal. Some scholars underscore the commercial aspect of the Ming–Tibetan relationship, noting the Ming dynasty's shortage of horses for warfare and thus the importance of the horse trade with Tibet. Others argue that the significant religious nature of the relationship of the Ming court with Tibetan lamas is underrepresented in modern scholarship. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 10 The Ming dynasty considered Tibet to be part of the Western Regions. While the Ming dynasty at its height had some degree of influence in Tibet, the exact nature of their relations is under dispute by modern scholars. Analysis of the relationship is further complicated by modern political conflicts and the application of Westphalian sovereignty to a time when the concept did not exist. The Historical Status of China's Tibet, a book published by the People's Republic of China, asserts that the Ming dynasty had unquestioned sovereignty over Tibet by pointing to the Ming court's issuing of various titles to Tibetan leaders, Tibetans' full acceptance of the titles, and a renewal process for successors of these titles that involved traveling to the Ming capital. Scholars in China also argue that Tibet has been an integral part of China since the 13th century and so it was a part of the Ming Empire. However, most scholars outside China, such as Turrell V. Wylie, Melvyn C. Goldstein, and Helmut Hoffman, say that the relationship was one of suzerainty, Ming titles were only nominal, Tibet remained an independent region outside Ming control, and it simply paid tribute until the Jiajing Emperor, who ceased relations with Tibet. Some scholars note that Tibetan leaders during the Ming frequently engaged in civil war and conducted their own foreign diplomacy with neighboring states such as Nepal. Some scholars underscore the commercial aspect of the Ming–Tibetan relationship, noting the Ming dynasty's shortage of horses for warfare and thus the importance of the horse trade with Tibet. Others argue that the significant religious nature of the relationship of the Ming court with Tibetan lamas is underrepresented in modern scholarship. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 10</span></span><div style="text-align:left;">The <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a> considered <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a> to be part of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Regions" title="Western Regions">Western Regions</a>. While the Ming dynasty at its height had some degree of influence in Tibet, the exact nature of their relations is under dispute by modern scholars. Analysis of the relationship is further complicated by modern political conflicts and the application of <a href="/wiki/Westphalian_sovereignty" class="mw-redirect" title="Westphalian sovereignty">Westphalian sovereignty</a> to a time when the concept did not exist. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Historical_Status_of_China%27s_Tibet" title="The Historical Status of China's Tibet">The Historical Status of China's Tibet</a></i>, a book published by the <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a>, asserts that the Ming dynasty had unquestioned <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereignty</a> over Tibet by pointing to the Ming court's issuing of various titles to Tibetan leaders, Tibetans' full acceptance of the titles, and a renewal process for successors of these titles that involved traveling to the Ming capital. Scholars in China also argue that Tibet has been an integral part of China since the 13th century and so it was a part of the Ming Empire. However, most scholars outside China, such as <a href="/wiki/Turrell_V._Wylie" title="Turrell V. Wylie">Turrell V. Wylie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melvyn_Goldstein" title="Melvyn Goldstein">Melvyn C. Goldstein</a>, and Helmut Hoffman, say that the relationship was one of <a href="/wiki/Suzerainty" title="Suzerainty">suzerainty</a>, Ming titles were only nominal, Tibet remained an independent region outside Ming control, and it <a href="/wiki/List_of_tributaries_of_Imperial_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of tributaries of Imperial China">simply paid tribute</a> until the <a href="/wiki/Jiajing_Emperor" title="Jiajing Emperor">Jiajing Emperor</a>, who ceased relations with Tibet.<br /><br />Some scholars note that Tibetan leaders during the Ming frequently engaged in <a href="/wiki/Civil_war" title="Civil war">civil war</a> and conducted their own foreign diplomacy with neighboring states such as <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>. Some scholars underscore the commercial aspect of the Ming–Tibetan relationship, noting the Ming dynasty's shortage of <a href="/wiki/Horses_in_warfare" title="Horses in warfare">horses for warfare</a> and thus the importance of the horse trade with Tibet. Others argue that the significant <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Buddhism" title="Chinese Buddhism">religious nature</a> of the relationship of the Ming court with Tibetan <a href="/wiki/Lama" title="Lama">lamas</a> is underrepresented in modern scholarship. (<b><a href="/wiki/Ming%E2%80%93Tibet_relations" title="Ming–Tibet relations">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 11 One of Hu Zhengyan's personal seals Hu Zhengyan (Chinese: 胡正言; c. 1584 – 1674) was a Chinese artist, printmaker and publisher. He worked in calligraphy, traditional Chinese painting, and seal-carving, but was primarily a publisher, producing academic texts as well as records of his own work. Hu lived in Nanjing during the transition from the Ming dynasty to the Qing dynasty. A Ming loyalist, he was offered a position at the rump court of the Hongguang Emperor, but declined the post, and never held anything more than minor political office. He did, however, design the Hongguang Emperor's personal seal, and his loyalty to the dynasty was such that he largely retired from society after the emperor's capture and death in 1645. He owned and operated an academic publishing house called the Ten Bamboo Studio, in which he practised various multi-colour printing and embossing techniques, and he employed several members of his family in this enterprise. Hu's work at the Ten Bamboo Studio pioneered new techniques in colour printmaking, leading to delicate gradations of colour which were not previously achievable in this art form. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 11 One of Hu Zhengyan's personal seals Hu Zhengyan (Chinese: 胡正言; c. 1584 – 1674) was a Chinese artist, printmaker and publisher. He worked in calligraphy, traditional Chinese painting, and seal-carving, but was primarily a publisher, producing academic texts as well as records of his own work. Hu lived in Nanjing during the transition from the Ming dynasty to the Qing dynasty. A Ming loyalist, he was offered a position at the rump court of the Hongguang Emperor, but declined the post, and never held anything more than minor political office. He did, however, design the Hongguang Emperor's personal seal, and his loyalty to the dynasty was such that he largely retired from society after the emperor's capture and death in 1645. He owned and operated an academic publishing house called the Ten Bamboo Studio, in which he practised various multi-colour printing and embossing techniques, and he employed several members of his family in this enterprise. Hu's work at the Ten Bamboo Studio pioneered new techniques in colour printmaking, leading to delicate gradations of colour which were not previously achievable in this art form. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 11</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Hu_Zhengyans_seal.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Hu_Zhengyans_seal.JPG/220px-Hu_Zhengyans_seal.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/Hu_Zhengyans_seal.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="326" data-file-height="334" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">One of Hu Zhengyan's <a href="/wiki/Seal_(East_Asia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Seal (East Asia)">personal seals</a></div></div></div></div><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Hu_Zhengyan" title="Hu Zhengyan">Hu Zhengyan</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">胡正言</span>; <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1584 – 1674) was a Chinese artist, printmaker and publisher. He worked in <a href="/wiki/Chinese_calligraphy" title="Chinese calligraphy">calligraphy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_painting" title="Chinese painting">traditional Chinese painting</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Seal_(East_Asia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Seal (East Asia)">seal-carving</a>, but was primarily a publisher, producing academic texts as well as records of his own work.<br /><br />Hu lived in <a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a> during the transition from the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a>. A Ming loyalist, he was offered a position at the rump court of the <a href="/wiki/Hongguang_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Hongguang Emperor">Hongguang Emperor</a>, but declined the post, and never held anything more than minor political office. He did, however, design the Hongguang Emperor's personal <a href="/wiki/Seal_(East_Asia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Seal (East Asia)">seal</a>, and his loyalty to the dynasty was such that he largely retired from society after the emperor's capture and death in 1645. He owned and operated an academic publishing house called the Ten Bamboo Studio, in which he practised various <a href="/wiki/Color_printing#China" title="Color printing">multi-colour printing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paper_embossing" title="Paper embossing">embossing</a> techniques, and he employed several members of his family in this enterprise. Hu's work at the Ten Bamboo Studio pioneered new techniques in colour printmaking, leading to delicate gradations of colour which were not previously achievable in this art form. (<b><a href="/wiki/Hu_Zhengyan" title="Hu Zhengyan">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 12 A Yuan-era stele in the ruins of the Cross Temple. Another stele (left) and some scattered groundwork (right) are visible in the background. The Cross Temple (Chinese: 十字寺; pinyin: Shízì sì) is a former place of worship in Fangshan, Beijing. The temple was used during different periods by Buddhists and early Chinese Christians. Though it was originally built as a Buddhist temple, some scholars hypothesise that it saw Christian use during the Tang dynasty (618–907). The temple was used by Buddhists during the Liao dynasty (916–1125) and by Christians during the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368). It returned to Buddhist use during the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), before being sold in 1911. It was first recorded in modern scholarship in 1919, damaged during the Cultural Revolution, and re-established as a national-level protected site in 2006. Some scholars consider it to be the only place of worship of the Church of the East (also known as Nestorian Christianity) discovered in China. Today, the site features two ancient steles, as well as groundwork and the bases of several pillars. The steles date to the Liao and Yuan dynasties, but their inscriptions were tampered with during the Ming. During the early 20th century, two stone blocks carved with crosses and other patterns were also discovered at the site, with one of them also bearing an inscription in Syriac. The blocks are presently on display at the Nanjing Museum. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 12 A Yuan-era stele in the ruins of the Cross Temple. Another stele (left) and some scattered groundwork (right) are visible in the background. The Cross Temple (Chinese: 十字寺; pinyin: Shízì sì) is a former place of worship in Fangshan, Beijing. The temple was used during different periods by Buddhists and early Chinese Christians. Though it was originally built as a Buddhist temple, some scholars hypothesise that it saw Christian use during the Tang dynasty (618–907). The temple was used by Buddhists during the Liao dynasty (916–1125) and by Christians during the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368). It returned to Buddhist use during the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), before being sold in 1911. It was first recorded in modern scholarship in 1919, damaged during the Cultural Revolution, and re-established as a national-level protected site in 2006. Some scholars consider it to be the only place of worship of the Church of the East (also known as Nestorian Christianity) discovered in China. Today, the site features two ancient steles, as well as groundwork and the bases of several pillars. The steles date to the Liao and Yuan dynasties, but their inscriptions were tampered with during the Ming. During the early 20th century, two stone blocks carved with crosses and other patterns were also discovered at the site, with one of them also bearing an inscription in Syriac. The blocks are presently on display at the Nanjing Museum. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 12</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%AF%BA%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80%E5%86%85%E7%9F%B3%E7%A2%91.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%AF%BA%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80%E5%86%85%E7%9F%B3%E7%A2%91.jpg/220px-%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%AF%BA%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80%E5%86%85%E7%9F%B3%E7%A2%91.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%AF%BA%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80%E5%86%85%E7%9F%B3%E7%A2%91.jpg/330px-%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%AF%BA%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80%E5%86%85%E7%9F%B3%E7%A2%91.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%AF%BA%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80%E5%86%85%E7%9F%B3%E7%A2%91.jpg/440px-%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%AF%BA%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80%E5%86%85%E7%9F%B3%E7%A2%91.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1560" data-file-height="2104" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">A Yuan-era stele in the ruins of the Cross Temple. Another stele (left) and some scattered groundwork (right) are visible in the background.</div></div></div></div><br />The <b><a href="/wiki/Cross_Temple,_Fangshan" title="Cross Temple, Fangshan">Cross Temple</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">十字寺</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Shízì sì</span></i>) is a former <a href="/wiki/Place_of_worship" title="Place of worship">place of worship</a> in <a href="/wiki/Fangshan,_Beijing" title="Fangshan, Beijing">Fangshan, Beijing</a>. The temple was used during different periods by <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Buddhism" title="Chinese Buddhism">Buddhists</a> and early <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Christians" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Christians">Chinese Christians</a>. Though it was originally built as a Buddhist temple, some scholars hypothesise that it saw Christian use during the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> (618–907). The temple was used by Buddhists during the <a href="/wiki/Liao_dynasty" title="Liao dynasty">Liao dynasty</a> (916–1125) and by Christians during the <a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a> (1271–1368). It returned to Buddhist use during the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a> (1368–1644), before being sold in 1911. It was first recorded in modern scholarship in 1919, damaged during the <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a>, and re-established as a national-level protected site in 2006. Some scholars consider it to be the only place of worship of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_East_in_China" title="Church of the East in China">Church of the East</a> (also known as Nestorian Christianity) discovered in China.<br /><br />Today, the site features two ancient steles, as well as groundwork and the bases of several pillars. The steles date to the Liao and Yuan dynasties, but their inscriptions were tampered with during the Ming. During the early 20th century, two stone blocks carved with crosses and other patterns were also discovered at the site, with one of them also bearing an inscription in <a href="/wiki/Syriac_language" title="Syriac language">Syriac</a>. The blocks are presently on display at the <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Museum" title="Nanjing Museum">Nanjing Museum</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Cross_Temple,_Fangshan" title="Cross Temple, Fangshan">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 13 Engravings on a cliff-side near a widely accepted candidate site for the battlefield, in the vicinity of Chibi, Hubei. The engravings are at least 1000 years old, and include the Chinese characters 赤壁 ('red cliffs') written from right to left. The Battle of Red Cliffs, also known as the Battle of Chibi, was a decisive naval battle in China that took place during the winter of AD 208–209. It was fought on the Yangtze River between the forces of warlords controlling different parts of the country during the end of the Han dynasty. The allied forces of Sun Quan, Liu Bei, and Liu Qi based south of the Yangtze defeated the numerically superior forces of the northern warlord Cao Cao. By doing so, Liu Bei and Sun Quan prevented Cao Cao from conquering any lands south of the Yangtze, frustrating Cao Cao's efforts to reunify the territories formerly held by the Eastern Han dynasty. The allied victory at Red Cliffs ensured the survival of Liu Bei and Sun Quan and left them in control of the Yangtze, establishing defensible frontiers that would later serve as the basis for the states of Shu Han and Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period (220–280). Historians have arrived at different conclusions in their attempts to reconstruct the timeline of events at Red Cliffs. The location of the battlefield itself remains a subject of debate: most scholars consider either a location southwest of present-day Wuhan, or a location northeast of Baqiu in present-day Yueyang, Hunan as plausible candidate sites for the battle. The battle has been the subject of or influenced numerous poems, dramas, movies and games. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 13 Engravings on a cliff-side near a widely accepted candidate site for the battlefield, in the vicinity of Chibi, Hubei. The engravings are at least 1000 years old, and include the Chinese characters 赤壁 ('red cliffs') written from right to left. The Battle of Red Cliffs, also known as the Battle of Chibi, was a decisive naval battle in China that took place during the winter of AD 208–209. It was fought on the Yangtze River between the forces of warlords controlling different parts of the country during the end of the Han dynasty. The allied forces of Sun Quan, Liu Bei, and Liu Qi based south of the Yangtze defeated the numerically superior forces of the northern warlord Cao Cao. By doing so, Liu Bei and Sun Quan prevented Cao Cao from conquering any lands south of the Yangtze, frustrating Cao Cao's efforts to reunify the territories formerly held by the Eastern Han dynasty. The allied victory at Red Cliffs ensured the survival of Liu Bei and Sun Quan and left them in control of the Yangtze, establishing defensible frontiers that would later serve as the basis for the states of Shu Han and Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period (220–280). Historians have arrived at different conclusions in their attempts to reconstruct the timeline of events at Red Cliffs. The location of the battlefield itself remains a subject of debate: most scholars consider either a location southwest of present-day Wuhan, or a location northeast of Baqiu in present-day Yueyang, Hunan as plausible candidate sites for the battle. The battle has been the subject of or influenced numerous poems, dramas, movies and games. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 13</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Chibi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Chibi.jpg/220px-Chibi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Chibi.jpg/330px-Chibi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/Chibi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="416" data-file-height="350" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Engravings on a cliff-side near a widely accepted candidate site for the battlefield, in the vicinity of <a href="/wiki/Chibi,_Hubei" title="Chibi, Hubei">Chibi, Hubei</a>. The engravings are at least 1000 years old, and include the Chinese characters <span lang="zh">赤壁</span> ('red cliffs') written from <a href="/wiki/Horizontal_and_vertical_writing_in_East_Asian_scripts" title="Horizontal and vertical writing in East Asian scripts">right to left</a>.</div></div></div></div><br />The <b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Red_Cliffs" title="Battle of Red Cliffs">Battle of Red Cliffs</a></b>, also known as the <b>Battle of Chibi</b>, was a decisive naval battle in China that took place during the winter of AD 208–209. It was fought on the <a href="/wiki/Yangtze_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangtze River">Yangtze River</a> between the forces of warlords controlling different parts of the country during the <a href="/wiki/End_of_the_Han_dynasty" title="End of the Han dynasty">end of the Han dynasty</a>. The allied forces of <a href="/wiki/Sun_Quan" title="Sun Quan">Sun Quan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liu_Bei" title="Liu Bei">Liu Bei</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Liu_Qi_(Liu_Biao%27s_son)" title="Liu Qi (Liu Biao's son)">Liu Qi</a> based south of the Yangtze defeated the numerically superior forces of the northern warlord <a href="/wiki/Cao_Cao" title="Cao Cao">Cao Cao</a>. By doing so, Liu Bei and Sun Quan prevented Cao Cao from conquering any lands south of the Yangtze, frustrating Cao Cao's efforts to reunify the territories formerly held by the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Han_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Han dynasty">Eastern Han dynasty</a>.<br /><br />The allied victory at Red Cliffs ensured the survival of Liu Bei and Sun Quan and left them in control of the Yangtze, establishing defensible frontiers that would later serve as the basis for the states of <a href="/wiki/Shu_Han" title="Shu Han">Shu Han</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Wu" title="Eastern Wu">Eastern Wu</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Three_Kingdoms" title="Three Kingdoms">Three Kingdoms</a> period (220–280). Historians have arrived at different conclusions in their attempts to reconstruct the timeline of events at Red Cliffs. The location of the battlefield itself remains a subject of debate: most scholars consider either a location southwest of present-day <a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a>, or a location northeast of Baqiu in present-day <a href="/wiki/Yueyang" title="Yueyang">Yueyang</a>, Hunan as plausible candidate sites for the battle. The battle has been the subject of or influenced numerous poems, dramas, movies and games. (<b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Red_Cliffs" title="Battle of Red Cliffs">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 14 Peking opera in Shanghai, 2014 Peking opera, or Beijing opera (Chinese: 京劇; pinyin: Jīngjù), is the most dominant form of Chinese opera, which combines instrumental music, vocal performance, mime, martial arts, dance and acrobatics. It arose in Beijing in the mid-Qing dynasty (1644–1912) and became fully developed and recognized by the mid-19th century. The form was extremely popular in the Qing court and has come to be regarded as one of the cultural treasures of China. Major performance troupes are based in Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai. The art form is also preserved in Taiwan, where it is also known as Guójù (Chinese: 國劇; lit. 'National opera'). It has also spread to other regions such as the United States and Japan. Peking opera features four main role types, sheng (gentlemen), dan (women), jing (rough men), and chou (clowns). Performing troupes often have several of each variety, as well as numerous secondary and tertiary performers. With their elaborate and colorful costumes, performers are the only focal points on Peking opera characteristically sparse stage. They use the skills of speech, song, dance and combat in movements that are symbolic and suggestive, rather than realistic. Above all else, the skill of performers is evaluated according to the beauty of their movements. Performers also adhere to a variety of stylistic conventions that help audiences navigate the plot of the production. The layers of meaning within each movement must be expressed in time with music. The music of Peking opera can be divided into the xīpí (西皮) and èrhuáng (二黄) styles. Melodies include arias, fixed-tune melodies and percussion patterns. The repertoire of Peking opera includes over 1,400 works, which are based on Chinese history, folklore and, increasingly, contemporary life. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 14 Peking opera in Shanghai, 2014 Peking opera, or Beijing opera (Chinese: 京劇; pinyin: Jīngjù), is the most dominant form of Chinese opera, which combines instrumental music, vocal performance, mime, martial arts, dance and acrobatics. It arose in Beijing in the mid-Qing dynasty (1644–1912) and became fully developed and recognized by the mid-19th century. The form was extremely popular in the Qing court and has come to be regarded as one of the cultural treasures of China. Major performance troupes are based in Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai. The art form is also preserved in Taiwan, where it is also known as Guójù (Chinese: 國劇; lit. 'National opera'). It has also spread to other regions such as the United States and Japan. Peking opera features four main role types, sheng (gentlemen), dan (women), jing (rough men), and chou (clowns). Performing troupes often have several of each variety, as well as numerous secondary and tertiary performers. With their elaborate and colorful costumes, performers are the only focal points on Peking opera characteristically sparse stage. They use the skills of speech, song, dance and combat in movements that are symbolic and suggestive, rather than realistic. Above all else, the skill of performers is evaluated according to the beauty of their movements. Performers also adhere to a variety of stylistic conventions that help audiences navigate the plot of the production. The layers of meaning within each movement must be expressed in time with music. The music of Peking opera can be divided into the xīpí (西皮) and èrhuáng (二黄) styles. Melodies include arias, fixed-tune melodies and percussion patterns. The repertoire of Peking opera includes over 1,400 works, which are based on Chinese history, folklore and, increasingly, contemporary life. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 14</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IMGP0739_(19415725842).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/IMGP0739_%2819415725842%29.jpg/260px-IMGP0739_%2819415725842%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/IMGP0739_%2819415725842%29.jpg/390px-IMGP0739_%2819415725842%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/IMGP0739_%2819415725842%29.jpg/520px-IMGP0739_%2819415725842%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3310" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Peking opera in Shanghai, 2014</div></div></div></div><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Peking_opera" title="Peking opera">Peking opera</a></b>, or <b>Beijing opera</b> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">京劇</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Jīngjù</span></i>), is the most dominant form of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_opera" title="Chinese opera">Chinese opera</a>, which combines instrumental music, vocal performance, mime, martial arts, dance and acrobatics. It arose in <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> in the mid-<a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a> (1644–1912) and became fully developed and recognized by the mid-19th century. The form was extremely popular in the Qing court and has come to be regarded as one of the cultural treasures of China. Major performance troupes are based in Beijing, <a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>. The art form is also preserved in <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, where it is also known as <span title="Chinese-language text"><i lang="zh-Latn">Guójù</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">國劇</span>; <abbr title="Literal translation"><small>lit.</small></abbr> 'National opera'). It has also spread to other regions such as the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>.<br /><br />Peking opera features four main role types, <i><a href="/wiki/Sheng_role" title="Sheng role">sheng</a></i> (gentlemen), <i><a href="/wiki/Dan_role" title="Dan role">dan</a></i> (women), <i><a href="/wiki/Jing_role" title="Jing role">jing</a></i> (rough men), and <i><a href="/wiki/Chou_role" title="Chou role">chou</a></i> (clowns). Performing troupes often have several of each variety, as well as numerous secondary and tertiary performers. With their elaborate and colorful costumes, performers are the only focal points on Peking opera characteristically sparse stage. They use the skills of speech, song, dance and combat in movements that are symbolic and suggestive, rather than realistic. Above all else, the skill of performers is evaluated according to the beauty of their movements. Performers also adhere to a variety of stylistic conventions that help audiences navigate the plot of the production. The layers of meaning within each movement must be expressed in time with music. The music of Peking opera can be divided into the <span title="Chinese-language text"><i lang="zh-Latn">xīpí</i></span> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">西皮</span></span>) and <span title="Chinese-language text"><i lang="zh-Latn">èrhuáng</i></span> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">二黄</span></span>) styles. Melodies include <a href="/wiki/Aria" title="Aria">arias</a>, fixed-tune melodies and <a href="/wiki/Percussion_instrument" title="Percussion instrument">percussion</a> patterns. The repertoire of Peking opera includes over 1,400 works, which are based on <a href="/wiki/Chinese_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese history">Chinese history</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_folklore" title="Chinese folklore">folklore</a> and, increasingly, contemporary life. (<b><a href="/wiki/Peking_opera" title="Peking opera">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 15 Caroline Agnes Brady (also known as Caroline Agnes Von Egmont Brady; October 3, 1905 – November 5, 1980) was an American philologist who specialised in Old English and Old Norse works. Her works included the 1943 book The Legends of Ermanaric, based on her doctoral dissertation, and three influential papers on the Anglo-Saxon poem Beowulf. She taught at the University of California, Berkeley, the University of Pennsylvania, Johns Hopkins University, and Harvard University, among other places. Brady was born an American citizen in Tientsin, China, and traveled frequently as a child, spending time in Los Angeles, California, British Columbia, and Austin, Texas. She studied in the University of California system, receiving her bachelor's and master's degrees, and her Ph.D. in 1935. She next became an English instructor at that university's College of Agriculture, and worked as an assistant professor of languages and literature at Berkeley from 1941 to 1946. The following three years were spent at the University of Pennsylvania, until, at the end of 1949, Brady moved to teach at Central Oregon Community College; her resignation due to "ill health" was announced a few months later. After being named the 1952–53 Marion Talbot Fellow of the American Association of University Women and writing two articles, Brady's scholarship ceased for a quarter of a century. In 1979, and posthumously in 1983, her final two articles were published. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 15 Caroline Agnes Brady (also known as Caroline Agnes Von Egmont Brady; October 3, 1905 – November 5, 1980) was an American philologist who specialised in Old English and Old Norse works. Her works included the 1943 book The Legends of Ermanaric, based on her doctoral dissertation, and three influential papers on the Anglo-Saxon poem Beowulf. She taught at the University of California, Berkeley, the University of Pennsylvania, Johns Hopkins University, and Harvard University, among other places. Brady was born an American citizen in Tientsin, China, and traveled frequently as a child, spending time in Los Angeles, California, British Columbia, and Austin, Texas. She studied in the University of California system, receiving her bachelor's and master's degrees, and her Ph.D. in 1935. She next became an English instructor at that university's College of Agriculture, and worked as an assistant professor of languages and literature at Berkeley from 1941 to 1946. The following three years were spent at the University of Pennsylvania, until, at the end of 1949, Brady moved to teach at Central Oregon Community College; her resignation due to "ill health" was announced a few months later. After being named the 1952–53 Marion Talbot Fellow of the American Association of University Women and writing two articles, Brady's scholarship ceased for a quarter of a century. In 1979, and posthumously in 1983, her final two articles were published. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 15</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1928_-_The_Southern_Campus_-_Caroline_Brady_p._396.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/1928_-_The_Southern_Campus_-_Caroline_Brady_p._396.png/220px-1928_-_The_Southern_Campus_-_Caroline_Brady_p._396.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/1928_-_The_Southern_Campus_-_Caroline_Brady_p._396.png/330px-1928_-_The_Southern_Campus_-_Caroline_Brady_p._396.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/1928_-_The_Southern_Campus_-_Caroline_Brady_p._396.png/440px-1928_-_The_Southern_Campus_-_Caroline_Brady_p._396.png 2x" data-file-width="579" data-file-height="727" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Brady_(philologist)" title="Caroline Brady (philologist)">Caroline Agnes Brady</a></b> (also known as <b>Caroline Agnes Von Egmont Brady</b>; October 3, 1905 – November 5, 1980) was an American <a href="/wiki/Philology" title="Philology">philologist</a> who specialised in <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> and <a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a> works. Her works included the 1943 book <i>The Legends of Ermanaric</i>, based on her doctoral dissertation, and three influential papers on the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxons" title="Anglo-Saxons">Anglo-Saxon</a> poem <i><a href="/wiki/Beowulf" title="Beowulf">Beowulf</a></i>. She taught at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a>, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>, among other places.<br /><br />Brady was born an American citizen in <a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tientsin</a>, China, and traveled frequently as a child, spending time in <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, California, <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>. She studied in the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California" title="University of California">University of California</a> system, receiving her bachelor's and master's degrees, and her <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">Ph.D.</a> in 1935. She next became an English instructor at that university's College of Agriculture, and worked as an <a href="/wiki/Assistant_professor" title="Assistant professor">assistant professor</a> of languages and literature at Berkeley from 1941 to 1946. The following three years were spent at the University of Pennsylvania, until, at the end of 1949, Brady moved to teach at <a href="/wiki/Central_Oregon_Community_College" title="Central Oregon Community College">Central Oregon Community College</a>; her resignation due to "ill health" was announced a few months later. After being named the 1952–53 <a href="/wiki/Marion_Talbot" title="Marion Talbot">Marion Talbot</a> Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/American_Association_of_University_Women" title="American Association of University Women">American Association of University Women</a> and writing two articles, Brady's scholarship ceased for a quarter of a century. In 1979, and posthumously in 1983, her final two articles were published. (<b><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Brady_(philologist)" title="Caroline Brady (philologist)">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> </ul></div> <div class="noprint" style="margin:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; padding:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:China/Recognized_content#Featured_articles" title="Portal:China/Recognized content">More featured articles</a></b></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#ffcc00;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:2px 2px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="Did_you_know_(auto_generated)" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em"><span id="Did_you_know_.28auto_generated.29"></span>Did you know <small>(auto generated)</small></h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:2px solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#fefeef;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_filetypes.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Nuvola_apps_filetypes.svg/47px-Nuvola_apps_filetypes.svg.png" decoding="async" width="47" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Nuvola_apps_filetypes.svg/71px-Nuvola_apps_filetypes.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Nuvola_apps_filetypes.svg/94px-Nuvola_apps_filetypes.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>... that a rapper coined the term "<b><a href="/wiki/Dongbei_renaissance" title="Dongbei renaissance">Dongbei renaissance</a></b>" to describe the cultural resurgence of China's rust belt?</li> <li>... that a scene featuring <a href="/wiki/Michael_Fassbender" title="Michael Fassbender">Michael Fassbender</a> kissing himself in <i><b><a href="/wiki/Alien:_Covenant" title="Alien: Covenant">Alien: Covenant</a></b></i> was cut from the Chinese release due to <a href="/wiki/Film_censorship_in_China" title="Film censorship in China">censorship</a>?</li> <li>... that although <i><b><a href="/wiki/Baeoentedon_bouceki" title="Baeoentedon bouceki">Baeoentedon bouceki</a></b></i> was collected from China in 1983, it was not formally described as a new species until 2014?</li> <li>... that <b><a href="/wiki/Huang_Shaoqiang" title="Huang Shaoqiang">Huang Shaoqiang</a></b> produced numerous paintings condemning the <a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Japanese invasion of China</a>?</li> <li>... that a <a href="/wiki/Chinatown" title="Chinatown">Chinatown</a> in the logging community of <a href="/wiki/Sugar_Pine,_California" title="Sugar Pine, California">Sugar Pine</a> was intentionally burned down by the <b><a href="/wiki/Madera_Sugar_Pine_Company" title="Madera Sugar Pine Company">Madera Sugar Pine Company</a></b> in 1922?</li> <li>... that the <b><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Turkey" title="Solar power in Turkey">solar water-heating market in Turkey</a></b> is second in the world, after China's?</li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#ffcc00;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:2px 2px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3AChina%2FDid_you_know%2F14&action=edit"><span style="color:black">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="More_did_you_know" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">More did you know</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:2px solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#fefeef;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yingzao_Fashi_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Bracket arm clusters containing cantilevers, Yingzao Fashi"><img alt="Bracket arm clusters containing cantilevers, Yingzao Fashi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Yingzao_Fashi_1.JPG/77px-Yingzao_Fashi_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="77" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Yingzao_Fashi_1.JPG/115px-Yingzao_Fashi_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Yingzao_Fashi_1.JPG/154px-Yingzao_Fashi_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="837" data-file-height="1087" /></a></span> </p> </div> <ul><li>...that numerous specimens of <a href="/wiki/Dinosaur" title="Dinosaur">dinosaurs</a> have been excavated from the <b><a href="/wiki/Dashanpu_Formation" class="mw-redirect" title="Dashanpu Formation">Dashanpu Formation</a></b>, first discovered by a <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a> company that found the formation's first dinosaur, <i><a href="/wiki/Gasosaurus" title="Gasosaurus">Gasosaurus</a></i>?</li> <li>...that the <b><a href="/wiki/Ordos_culture" title="Ordos culture">Ordos culture</a></b> includes some of the easternmost <a href="/wiki/Scythians" title="Scythians">Scythians</a>, who were settled for several centuries in an area about 300 kilometers from modern <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> in <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>?</li> <li>...that <i><b><a href="/wiki/Yingzao_Fashi" title="Yingzao Fashi">Yingzao Fashi</a></b></i> <i>(bracket arm pictured)</i> is a <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">Chinese</a> technical treatise on <a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">architecture</a> and craftsmanship written during the mid-<a href="/wiki/Song_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Song Dynasty">Song Dynasty</a>?</li></ul> <table class="noprint" width="100%" border="0" style="padding: 0; margin: 0; background-color:transparent"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0px;"><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:China/Did_you_know" title="Portal:China/Did you know">More Did you know facts</a></b></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;"></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#ffcc00;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:2px 2px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="Selected_cuisine_or_food_-_show_another" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Selected cuisine or food - <span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:China&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkblue"><i>show another</i></span></small></span></a></span></h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:2px solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#fefeef;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cuisines_of_China.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Cuisines_of_China.png/400px-Cuisines_of_China.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Cuisines_of_China.png/600px-Cuisines_of_China.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Cuisines_of_China.png/800px-Cuisines_of_China.png 2x" data-file-width="1275" data-file-height="902" /></a><figcaption>Geographic extent of Sichuan cuisine</figcaption></figure> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_cuisine" title="Sichuan cuisine">Sichuan cuisine</a></b> or <b>Sichuanese cuisine</b>, <a href="/wiki/Postal_romanization" class="mw-redirect" title="Postal romanization">alternatively romanized</a> as <b>Szechwan cuisine</b> or <b>Szechuan cuisine</b> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><span lang="zh-Hans">四川</span></span>, <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a> pronunciation: <span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[sɨ̂.ʈʂʰwán]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/d\/db\/Sichuan.ogg\/Sichuan.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Sichuan.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/db/Sichuan.ogg/Sichuan.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Sichuan.ogg" title="File:Sichuan.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>) is a style of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_cuisine" title="Chinese cuisine">Chinese cuisine</a> originating from <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan province</a> and the neighboring <a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing municipality</a>. Chongqing was formerly a part of Sichuan until 1997; thus, there is a great deal of cultural overlap between the two administrative divisions. There are many regional, local variations of Sichuanese cuisine within Sichuan and Chongqing. </p><p>It has bold flavours, particularly the pungency and spiciness resulting from liberal use of <a href="/wiki/Garlic" title="Garlic">garlic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">chili peppers</a>, as well as the unique flavour of <a href="/wiki/Sichuan_pepper" title="Sichuan pepper">Sichuan pepper</a>. Some examples are <a href="/wiki/Kung_Pao_chicken" title="Kung Pao chicken">Kung Pao chicken</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yuxiang_shredded_pork" title="Yuxiang shredded pork">Yuxiang shredded pork</a>. Four sub-styles of Sichuan cuisine include Chongqing, <a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zigong" title="Zigong">Zigong</a> (known for a genre of dishes called <a href="/wiki/Yanbangcai" title="Yanbangcai">Yanbangcai</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Buddhist_vegetarianism" title="Buddhist vegetarianism">Buddhist vegetarian</a> style. (<b><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_cuisine" title="Sichuan cuisine">Full article...</a></b>)<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1256386598">.mw-parser-output .cot-header-mainspace{background:#F0F2F5;color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cot-header-other{background:#CCFFCC;color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cot-header-mainspace{background:#14181F;color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cot-header-other{background:#003500;color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cot-header-mainspace{background:#14181F;color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cot-header-other{background:#003500;color:inherit}}</style> </p> <div style="margin-left:0"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-archivedtalk mw-collapsed" style="color:inherit; background: transparent; text-align: left; border: 1px solid Silver; margin: 0.2em auto auto; width:100%; clear: both; padding: 1px;"> <tbody><tr> <th class="cot-header-other" style="background:fff; font-size:87%; padding:0.2em 0.3em; text-align:center; color:#202122"><div style="font-size:115%;margin:0 4em"><span style="font-size:85%;">List of selected cuisines/foods</span></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; border: solid 1px Silver; padding: 0.6em; background: var(--background-color-base, #fff);"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_cuisine" title="Chinese cuisine">Chinese cuisine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_cuisine" title="Shandong cuisine">Shandong cuisine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_cuisine" title="Cantonese cuisine">Cantonese cuisine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu_cuisine" title="Jiangsu cuisine">Jiangsu cuisine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Anhui_cuisine" title="Anhui cuisine">Anhui cuisine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fujian_cuisine" title="Fujian cuisine">Fujian cuisine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hunan_cuisine" title="Hunan cuisine">Hunan cuisine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang_cuisine" title="Zhejiang cuisine">Zhejiang cuisine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_cuisine" title="Beijing cuisine">Beijing cuisine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_cuisine" title="Shanghai cuisine">Shanghai cuisine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Henan_cuisine" title="Henan cuisine">Henan cuisine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi_cuisine" title="Shaanxi cuisine">Shaanxi cuisine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dragon%27s_beard_candy" title="Dragon's beard candy">Dragon's beard candy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_aristocrat_cuisine" title="Chinese aristocrat cuisine">Chinese aristocrat cuisine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_fried_rice" title="Chinese fried rice">Chinese fried rice</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Edible_bird%27s_nest" title="Edible bird's nest">Edible bird's nest</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Buddha_Jumps_Over_the_Wall" title="Buddha Jumps Over the Wall">Buddha Jumps Over the Wall</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Peking_duck" title="Peking duck">Peking duck</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_noodles" title="Chinese noodles">Chinese noodles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/White_Rabbit_(candy)" title="White Rabbit (candy)">White Rabbit (candy)</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#ffcc00;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:2px 2px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3AChina%2FRelated_portals&action=edit"><span style="color:black">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Related_portals" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Related portals</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:2px solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#fefeef;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-unbordered portal-bar-related" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><ul class="portal-bar-content portal-bar-content-related"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/25px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/38px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/50px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_countries-vector.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/P_countries-vector.svg/27px-P_countries-vector.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/P_countries-vector.svg/41px-P_countries-vector.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/P_countries-vector.svg/54px-P_countries-vector.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Country" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Country">Country</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/25px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/38px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/50px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg/25px-Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg/38px-Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg/50px-Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Communism" title="Portal:Communism">Communism</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_flag_II.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/27px-Red_flag_II.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/41px-Red_flag_II.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/54px-Red_flag_II.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="411" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Socialism" title="Portal:Socialism">Socialism</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dharma_Wheel_(2).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg/25px-Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg/38px-Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg/50px-Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="697" data-file-height="697" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Buddhism" title="Portal:Buddhism">Buddhism</a></li></ul></div> <hr /> <p><b>East Asia</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1130092004"><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-unbordered portal-bar-related" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><ul class="portal-bar-content portal-bar-content-related"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/27px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/41px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/54px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hong_Kong" title="Portal:Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/27px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/41px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/54px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Japan" title="Portal:Japan">Japan</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/27px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/41px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/54px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:North_Korea" title="Portal:North Korea">North Korea</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/27px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/41px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/54px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:South_Korea" title="Portal:South Korea">South Korea</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/27px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/41px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/54px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Taiwan" title="Portal:Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul></div> <hr /> <p><b>Other Countries</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1130092004"><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-unbordered portal-bar-related" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><ul class="portal-bar-content portal-bar-content-related"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/27px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/41px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/54px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Afghanistan" title="Portal:Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/27px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/41px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/54px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cambodia" title="Portal:Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/27px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/41px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/54px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">India</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/27px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/41px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/54px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Indonesia" title="Portal:Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/27px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/41px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/54px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Laos" title="Portal:Laos">Laos</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/27px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/41px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/54px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Malaysia" title="Portal:Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/27px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/41px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/54px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Myanmar" title="Portal:Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/20px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/31px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/41px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Nepal" title="Portal:Nepal">Nepal</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/27px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/41px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/54px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Pakistan" title="Portal:Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/27px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/41px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/54px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Philippines" title="Portal:Philippines">Philippines</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/27px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/41px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/54px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Russia" title="Portal:Russia">Russia</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/27px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/41px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/54px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Singapore" title="Portal:Singapore">Singapore</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/27px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/41px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/54px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Tajikistan" title="Portal:Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/27px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/41px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/54px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Thailand" title="Portal:Thailand">Thailand</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/27px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/41px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/54px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Vietnam" title="Portal:Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div></div><div class="flex-columns-column"><div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#ffcc00;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:2px 2px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="_Good_article_-_load_new_batch" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_support_vote.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/38px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span>   Good article - <span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:China&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkblue"><i>load new batch</i></span></small></span></a></span></h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:2px solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#fefeef;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <div style="text-align: center;"><i><small>This is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:GA" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:GA">good article</a>, an article that meets a core set of high editorial standards.</small></i></div> <hr /> <div style="font-size:105%;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r987512734"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1021884966"><div class="randomSlideshow-container excerptSlideshow-container" style="max-width:100%; margin:-4em auto;"><div class="nomobile"></div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-slideshow switcher-container"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 1 Illustration from Xiangzhu liaozhai zhiyi tuyong (Liaozhai Zhiyi with commentary and illustrations; 1886) "The Raksha Country and the Sea Market" (simplified Chinese: 罗刹海市; traditional Chinese: 羅剎海市; pinyin: Luōchà Hǎishì) is a short story by Pu Songling first published in Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio. Told in two parts, the story follows the adventures of scholar-merchant Ma Ji, and is one of the first Strange Tales entries to be translated into English. Some critics have argued that "The Raksha Country" serves as social commentary on topics including hypocrisy, conventional standards of beauty, and nationalism. The story was likely inspired by both ancient Hindu mythology and early Chinese literature; it has been adapted for the stage. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 1 Illustration from Xiangzhu liaozhai zhiyi tuyong (Liaozhai Zhiyi with commentary and illustrations; 1886) "The Raksha Country and the Sea Market" (simplified Chinese: 罗刹海市; traditional Chinese: 羅剎海市; pinyin: Luōchà Hǎishì) is a short story by Pu Songling first published in Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio. Told in two parts, the story follows the adventures of scholar-merchant Ma Ji, and is one of the first Strange Tales entries to be translated into English. Some critics have argued that "The Raksha Country" serves as social commentary on topics including hypocrisy, conventional standards of beauty, and nationalism. The story was likely inspired by both ancient Hindu mythology and early Chinese literature; it has been adapted for the stage. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 1</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tright" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Raksha_Country_and_the_Sea_Market.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/The_Raksha_Country_and_the_Sea_Market.png/220px-The_Raksha_Country_and_the_Sea_Market.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="322" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/The_Raksha_Country_and_the_Sea_Market.png/330px-The_Raksha_Country_and_the_Sea_Market.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/The_Raksha_Country_and_the_Sea_Market.png 2x" data-file-width="433" data-file-height="633" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Illustration from <i>Xiangzhu liaozhai zhiyi tuyong</i> (<i>Liaozhai Zhiyi</i> with commentary and illustrations; 1886)</div></div></div></div><br />"<b><a href="/wiki/The_Raksha_Country_and_the_Sea_Market" title="The Raksha Country and the Sea Market">The Raksha Country and the Sea Market</a></b>" (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">罗刹海市</span>; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">羅剎海市</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Luōchà Hǎishì</span></i>) is a short story by <a href="/wiki/Pu_Songling" title="Pu Songling">Pu Songling</a> first published in <i><a href="/wiki/Strange_Tales_from_a_Chinese_Studio" title="Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio">Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio</a></i>. Told in two parts, the story follows the adventures of scholar-merchant Ma Ji, and is one of the first <i>Strange Tales</i> entries to be translated into English. Some critics have argued that "The Raksha Country" serves as <a href="/wiki/Social_commentary" title="Social commentary">social commentary</a> on topics including hypocrisy, conventional standards of beauty, and <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalism</a>. The story was likely inspired by both ancient <a href="/wiki/Hindu_mythology" title="Hindu mythology">Hindu mythology</a> and early Chinese literature; it has been adapted for the stage. (<b><a href="/wiki/The_Raksha_Country_and_the_Sea_Market" title="The Raksha Country and the Sea Market">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 2 A gilded bronze oil lamp in the shape of a female servant, dated 2nd century BCE, found in the tomb of Dou Wan, wife to the Han prince Liu Sheng (d. 113 BCE); its sliding shutter allows for adjustments in the direction and brightness of light while it also traps smoke within the body, an anti-pollutant design. The Han dynasty (206 BCE – 220 CE) of early imperial China, divided between the eras of Western Han (206 BCE – 9 CE, when the capital was at Chang'an), the Xin dynasty of Wang Mang (r. 9–23 CE), and Eastern Han (25–220 CE, when the capital was at Luoyang, and after 196 CE at Xuchang), witnessed some of the most significant advancements in premodern Chinese science and technology. There were great innovations in metallurgy. In addition to Zhou-era China's (c. 1046 – 256 BCE) previous inventions of the blast furnace and cupola furnace to make pig iron and cast iron, respectively, the Han period saw the development of steel and wrought iron by use of the finery forge and puddling process. With the drilling of deep boreholes into the earth, the Chinese used not only derricks to lift brine up to the surface to be boiled into salt, but also set up bamboo-crafted pipeline transport systems which brought natural gas as fuel to the furnaces. Smelting techniques were enhanced with inventions such as the waterwheel-powered bellows; the resulting widespread distribution of iron tools facilitated the growth of agriculture. For tilling the soil and planting straight rows of crops, the improved heavy-moldboard plough with three iron plowshares and sturdy multiple-tube iron seed drill were invented in the Han, which greatly enhanced production yields and thus sustained population growth. The method of supplying irrigation ditches with water was improved with the invention of the mechanical chain pump powered by the rotation of a waterwheel or draft animals, which could transport irrigation water up elevated terrains. The waterwheel was also used for operating trip hammers in pounding grain and in rotating the metal rings of the mechanical-driven astronomical armillary sphere representing the celestial sphere around the Earth. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 2 A gilded bronze oil lamp in the shape of a female servant, dated 2nd century BCE, found in the tomb of Dou Wan, wife to the Han prince Liu Sheng (d. 113 BCE); its sliding shutter allows for adjustments in the direction and brightness of light while it also traps smoke within the body, an anti-pollutant design. The Han dynasty (206 BCE – 220 CE) of early imperial China, divided between the eras of Western Han (206 BCE – 9 CE, when the capital was at Chang'an), the Xin dynasty of Wang Mang (r. 9–23 CE), and Eastern Han (25–220 CE, when the capital was at Luoyang, and after 196 CE at Xuchang), witnessed some of the most significant advancements in premodern Chinese science and technology. There were great innovations in metallurgy. In addition to Zhou-era China's (c. 1046 – 256 BCE) previous inventions of the blast furnace and cupola furnace to make pig iron and cast iron, respectively, the Han period saw the development of steel and wrought iron by use of the finery forge and puddling process. With the drilling of deep boreholes into the earth, the Chinese used not only derricks to lift brine up to the surface to be boiled into salt, but also set up bamboo-crafted pipeline transport systems which brought natural gas as fuel to the furnaces. Smelting techniques were enhanced with inventions such as the waterwheel-powered bellows; the resulting widespread distribution of iron tools facilitated the growth of agriculture. For tilling the soil and planting straight rows of crops, the improved heavy-moldboard plough with three iron plowshares and sturdy multiple-tube iron seed drill were invented in the Han, which greatly enhanced production yields and thus sustained population growth. The method of supplying irrigation ditches with water was improved with the invention of the mechanical chain pump powered by the rotation of a waterwheel or draft animals, which could transport irrigation water up elevated terrains. The waterwheel was also used for operating trip hammers in pounding grain and in rotating the metal rings of the mechanical-driven astronomical armillary sphere representing the celestial sphere around the Earth. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 2</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ChangXingongdeng.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/ChangXingongdeng.jpg/260px-ChangXingongdeng.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/ChangXingongdeng.jpg/390px-ChangXingongdeng.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/ChangXingongdeng.jpg/520px-ChangXingongdeng.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1120" data-file-height="1424" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Gilding" title="Gilding">gilded</a> bronze <a href="/wiki/Oil_lamp" title="Oil lamp">oil lamp</a> in the shape of a female servant, dated 2nd century BCE, found in the tomb of <a href="/wiki/Dou_Wan" title="Dou Wan">Dou Wan</a>, wife to the Han prince <a href="/wiki/Liu_Sheng,_Prince_of_Zhongshan" title="Liu Sheng, Prince of Zhongshan">Liu Sheng</a> (d. 113 BCE); its sliding shutter allows for adjustments in the direction and brightness of light while it also traps smoke within the body, an anti-pollutant design.</figcaption></figure>The <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a> (206 BCE – 220 CE) of <a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">early imperial China</a>, divided between the eras of Western Han (206 BCE – 9 CE, when the capital was at <a href="/wiki/Chang%27an" title="Chang'an">Chang'an</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Xin_dynasty" title="Xin dynasty">Xin dynasty</a> of <a href="/wiki/Wang_Mang" title="Wang Mang">Wang Mang</a> (r. 9–23 CE), and Eastern Han (25–220 CE, <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Han_dynasty" title="History of the Han dynasty">when the capital was</a> at <a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a>, and after 196 CE at <a href="/wiki/Xuchang" title="Xuchang">Xuchang</a>), witnessed some of the most significant advancements in premodern <a href="/wiki/History_of_science_and_technology_in_China" title="History of science and technology in China">Chinese science and technology</a>.<br /><br />There were great innovations in <a href="/wiki/Metallurgy" title="Metallurgy">metallurgy</a>. In addition to <a href="/wiki/Zhou_dynasty" title="Zhou dynasty">Zhou-era China's</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1046</span> – 256 BCE) previous inventions of the <a href="/wiki/Blast_furnace" title="Blast furnace">blast furnace</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cupola_furnace" title="Cupola furnace">cupola furnace</a> to make <a href="/wiki/Pig_iron" title="Pig iron">pig iron</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cast_iron" title="Cast iron">cast iron</a>, respectively, the Han period saw the development of <a href="/wiki/Steel" title="Steel">steel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wrought_iron" title="Wrought iron">wrought iron</a> by use of the <a href="/wiki/Finery_forge" title="Finery forge">finery forge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Puddling_(metallurgy)" title="Puddling (metallurgy)">puddling process</a>. With the drilling of deep <a href="/wiki/Borehole" title="Borehole">boreholes</a> into the earth, the Chinese used not only <a href="/wiki/Derrick" title="Derrick">derricks</a> to lift <a href="/wiki/Brine" title="Brine">brine</a> up to the surface to be boiled into <a href="/wiki/Salt" title="Salt">salt</a>, but also set up bamboo-crafted <a href="/wiki/Pipeline_transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Pipeline transport">pipeline transport</a> systems which brought <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a> as fuel to the furnaces. Smelting techniques were enhanced with inventions such as the <a href="/wiki/Waterwheel" class="mw-redirect" title="Waterwheel">waterwheel</a>-powered <a href="/wiki/Bellows" title="Bellows">bellows</a>; the resulting widespread distribution of iron tools facilitated the growth of agriculture. For <a href="/wiki/Tillage" title="Tillage">tilling the soil</a> and planting straight rows of crops, the improved heavy-moldboard plough with three iron <a href="/wiki/Plowshare" title="Plowshare">plowshares</a> and sturdy multiple-tube iron <a href="/wiki/Seed_drill" title="Seed drill">seed drill</a> were invented in the Han, which greatly enhanced production yields and thus sustained population growth. The method of supplying <a href="/wiki/Irrigation" title="Irrigation">irrigation</a> ditches with water was improved with the invention of the mechanical <a href="/wiki/Chain_pump" title="Chain pump">chain pump</a> powered by the rotation of a waterwheel or draft animals, which could transport irrigation water up elevated terrains. The waterwheel was also used for operating <a href="/wiki/Trip_hammer" title="Trip hammer">trip hammers</a> in pounding grain and in rotating the metal rings of the mechanical-driven astronomical <a href="/wiki/Armillary_sphere" title="Armillary sphere">armillary sphere</a> representing the <a href="/wiki/Celestial_sphere" title="Celestial sphere">celestial sphere</a> around the Earth. (<b><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_of_the_Han_dynasty" title="Science and technology of the Han dynasty">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 3 Mongol Conquest of Jurchen Jin In the Mongol siege of Kaifeng from 1232 to 1233, the Mongol Empire captured Kaifeng, the capital of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty. The Mongol Empire and the Jin dynasty had been at war for nearly two decades, beginning in 1211 after the Jin dynasty refused the Mongol offer to submit as a vassal. Ögedei Khan sent two armies to besiege Kaifeng, one led by himself, and the other by his brother Tolui. Command of the forces, once they converged into a single army, was given to Subutai who led the siege. The Mongols arrived at the walls of Kaifeng on April 8, 1232. The siege deprived the city of resources, and its residents were beset with famine and disease. Jin soldiers defended the city with fire lances and bombs of gunpowder, killing many Mongols and severely injuring others. The Jin dynasty tried to arrange a peace treaty, but the assassination of a Mongol diplomat foiled their efforts. The Emperor Aizong of Jin fled the city for the town of Caizhou. The city was placed under the command of General Cui Li, who executed the emperor's loyalists and promptly surrendered to the Mongols. The Mongols entered Kaifeng on May 29, 1233, and looted the city. The dynasty fell after the suicide of Aizong and the capture of Caizhou in 1234. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 3 Mongol Conquest of Jurchen Jin In the Mongol siege of Kaifeng from 1232 to 1233, the Mongol Empire captured Kaifeng, the capital of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty. The Mongol Empire and the Jin dynasty had been at war for nearly two decades, beginning in 1211 after the Jin dynasty refused the Mongol offer to submit as a vassal. Ögedei Khan sent two armies to besiege Kaifeng, one led by himself, and the other by his brother Tolui. Command of the forces, once they converged into a single army, was given to Subutai who led the siege. The Mongols arrived at the walls of Kaifeng on April 8, 1232. The siege deprived the city of resources, and its residents were beset with famine and disease. Jin soldiers defended the city with fire lances and bombs of gunpowder, killing many Mongols and severely injuring others. The Jin dynasty tried to arrange a peace treaty, but the assassination of a Mongol diplomat foiled their efforts. The Emperor Aizong of Jin fled the city for the town of Caizhou. The city was placed under the command of General Cui Li, who executed the emperor's loyalists and promptly surrendered to the Mongols. The Mongols entered Kaifeng on May 29, 1233, and looted the city. The dynasty fell after the suicide of Aizong and the capture of Caizhou in 1234. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 3</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tright" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Conquest_of_Jin.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Conquest_of_Jin.png/220px-Conquest_of_Jin.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Conquest_of_Jin.png/330px-Conquest_of_Jin.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Conquest_of_Jin.png/440px-Conquest_of_Jin.png 2x" data-file-width="1128" data-file-height="792" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Mongol Conquest of Jurchen Jin</div></div></div></div><br />In the <b><a href="/wiki/Mongol_siege_of_Kaifeng" title="Mongol siege of Kaifeng">Mongol siege of Kaifeng</a></b> from 1232 to 1233, the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a> captured <a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a>, the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Jurchen_people" title="Jurchen people">Jurchen</a>-led <a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin dynasty</a>. The Mongol Empire and the Jin dynasty had <a href="/wiki/Mongol_conquest_of_the_Jin_dynasty" title="Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty">been at war</a> for nearly two decades, beginning in 1211 after the Jin dynasty refused the Mongol offer to submit as a <a href="/wiki/Vassal_state" title="Vassal state">vassal</a>. <a href="/wiki/%C3%96gedei_Khan" title="Ögedei Khan">Ögedei Khan</a> sent two armies to besiege Kaifeng, one led by himself, and the other by his brother <a href="/wiki/Tolui" title="Tolui">Tolui</a>. Command of the forces, once they converged into a single army, was given to <a href="/wiki/Subutai" title="Subutai">Subutai</a> who led the siege. The Mongols arrived at the walls of Kaifeng on April 8, 1232.<br /><br />The siege deprived the city of resources, and its residents were beset with famine and disease. Jin soldiers defended the city with <a href="/wiki/Fire_lance" title="Fire lance">fire lances</a> and bombs of gunpowder, killing many Mongols and severely injuring others. The Jin dynasty tried to arrange a peace treaty, but the assassination of a Mongol diplomat foiled their efforts. The <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Aizong_of_Jin" title="Emperor Aizong of Jin">Emperor Aizong of Jin</a> fled the city for the town of <a href="/wiki/Cai_Prefecture" title="Cai Prefecture">Caizhou</a>. The city was placed under the command of General <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cui_Li&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cui Li (page does not exist)">Cui Li</a>, who executed the emperor's loyalists and promptly surrendered to the Mongols. The Mongols entered Kaifeng on May 29, 1233, and looted the city. The dynasty fell after the suicide of Aizong and the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Caizhou" title="Siege of Caizhou">capture of Caizhou</a> in 1234. (<b><a href="/wiki/Mongol_siege_of_Kaifeng" title="Mongol siege of Kaifeng">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 4 Zhou Bangyan (Chinese: 周邦彥; 1056–1121) was a Chinese musician, poet, and politician of the Northern Song dynasty. He was from Qiantang (in modern Hangzhou). His courtesy name was Meicheng (Chinese: 美成; pinyin: Měichéng), and his art name was Qingzhen Jushi (Chinese: 清真居士; pinyin: Qīngzhēn Jūshì). He left a two-volume poetry anthology called either the Qingzhen-ji or the Pianyu-ci. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 4 Zhou Bangyan (Chinese: 周邦彥; 1056–1121) was a Chinese musician, poet, and politician of the Northern Song dynasty. He was from Qiantang (in modern Hangzhou). His courtesy name was Meicheng (Chinese: 美成; pinyin: Měichéng), and his art name was Qingzhen Jushi (Chinese: 清真居士; pinyin: Qīngzhēn Jūshì). He left a two-volume poetry anthology called either the Qingzhen-ji or the Pianyu-ci. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 4</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Zhou_Bangyan" title="Zhou Bangyan">Zhou Bangyan</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">周邦彥</span>; 1056–1121) was a Chinese musician, poet, and politician of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Song_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Song dynasty">Northern Song dynasty</a>. He was from <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Qiantang</a> (in modern <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a>). His <a href="/wiki/Courtesy_name" title="Courtesy name">courtesy name</a> was <b>Meicheng</b> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">美成</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Měichéng</span></i>), and his <a href="/wiki/Art_name" title="Art name">art name</a> was <b>Qingzhen Jushi</b> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">清真居士</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Qīngzhēn Jūshì</span></i>). He left a two-volume poetry anthology called either the <i><b>Qingzhen-ji</b></i> or the <i><b>Pianyu-ci</b></i>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Zhou_Bangyan" title="Zhou Bangyan">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 5 The 2019 International Championship was a professional snooker tournament that took place from 4 to 11 August 2019 at the Baihu Media Broadcasting Centre in Daqing, China. It was the second ranking event of the 2019/2020 season and the eighth iteration of the International Championship first held in 2012. Northern Irish cueist Mark Allen was the defending champion, after defeating Australian Neil Robertson in the previous year's final. Allen, however, lost 9–6 to England's Shaun Murphy in the semi-finals. Reigning world champion Judd Trump won the event and his 12th ranking championship with a 10–3 win over Murphy in the final. In winning the event, Trump returned to the world number one position, that he had last held in 2013. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 5 The 2019 International Championship was a professional snooker tournament that took place from 4 to 11 August 2019 at the Baihu Media Broadcasting Centre in Daqing, China. It was the second ranking event of the 2019/2020 season and the eighth iteration of the International Championship first held in 2012. Northern Irish cueist Mark Allen was the defending champion, after defeating Australian Neil Robertson in the previous year's final. Allen, however, lost 9–6 to England's Shaun Murphy in the semi-finals. Reigning world champion Judd Trump won the event and his 12th ranking championship with a 10–3 win over Murphy in the final. In winning the event, Trump returned to the world number one position, that he had last held in 2013. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 5</span></span><div style="text-align:left;">The <b><a href="/wiki/2019_International_Championship" title="2019 International Championship">2019 International Championship</a></b> was a professional <a href="/wiki/Snooker" title="Snooker">snooker</a> tournament that took place from 4 to 11 August 2019 at the Baihu Media Broadcasting Centre in <a href="/wiki/Daqing" title="Daqing">Daqing</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>. It was the second <a href="/wiki/Snooker_world_rankings" title="Snooker world rankings">ranking</a> event of the <a href="/wiki/Snooker_season_2019/2020" class="mw-redirect" title="Snooker season 2019/2020">2019/2020 season</a> and the eighth iteration of the <a href="/wiki/International_Championship" title="International Championship">International Championship</a> first held in <a href="/wiki/2012_International_Championship" title="2012 International Championship">2012</a>.<br /><br />Northern Irish cueist <a href="/wiki/Mark_Allen_(snooker_player)" title="Mark Allen (snooker player)">Mark Allen</a> was the defending champion, after defeating Australian <a href="/wiki/Neil_Robertson" title="Neil Robertson">Neil Robertson</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2018_International_Championship" title="2018 International Championship">previous year's</a> final. Allen, however, lost 9–6 to England's <a href="/wiki/Shaun_Murphy" title="Shaun Murphy">Shaun Murphy</a> in the semi-finals. Reigning world champion <a href="/wiki/Judd_Trump" title="Judd Trump">Judd Trump</a> won the event and his 12th ranking championship with a 10–3 win over Murphy in the final. In winning the event, Trump returned to the <a href="/wiki/List_of_world_number_one_snooker_players" title="List of world number one snooker players">world number one</a> position, that he had last held in 2013. (<b><a href="/wiki/2019_International_Championship" title="2019 International Championship">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 6 Hu Die in the 1930s Hu Die (Chinese: 胡蝶; Wade–Giles: Hu Tieh; 1907–08 — April 23, 1989), also known by her English name Butterfly Wu, was a popular Chinese actress during the 1920s and 1930s. She was voted China's first "Movie Queen" in 1933, and won the Best Actress Award at the 1960 Asian Film Festival for her performance in Rear Door. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 6 Hu Die in the 1930s Hu Die (Chinese: 胡蝶; Wade–Giles: Hu Tieh; 1907–08 — April 23, 1989), also known by her English name Butterfly Wu, was a popular Chinese actress during the 1920s and 1930s. She was voted China's first "Movie Queen" in 1933, and won the Best Actress Award at the 1960 Asian Film Festival for her performance in Rear Door. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 6</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tright" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_Die_Hu_ou_Butterfly_Hu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Portrait_Die_Hu_ou_Butterfly_Hu.jpg/220px-Portrait_Die_Hu_ou_Butterfly_Hu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="334" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Portrait_Die_Hu_ou_Butterfly_Hu.jpg/330px-Portrait_Die_Hu_ou_Butterfly_Hu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Portrait_Die_Hu_ou_Butterfly_Hu.jpg/440px-Portrait_Die_Hu_ou_Butterfly_Hu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1029" data-file-height="1564" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Hu Die in the 1930s</div></div></div></div><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Hu_Die" title="Hu Die">Hu Die</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">胡蝶</span>; <a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn-wadegile"><b>Hu Tieh</b></span></i>; 1907–08 — April 23, 1989), also known by her English name <b>Butterfly Wu</b>, was a popular Chinese actress during the 1920s and 1930s. She was voted China's first "Movie Queen" in 1933, and won the Best Actress Award at the 1960 <a href="/wiki/Asian_Film_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian Film Festival">Asian Film Festival</a> for her performance in <i>Rear Door</i>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Hu_Die" title="Hu Die">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 7 Hong Kong is a special administrative region of China. With 7.4 million residents of various nationalities in a 1,104-square-kilometre (426 sq mi) territory, Hong Kong is the fourth most densely populated region in the world. Hong Kong was established as a colony of the British Empire after the Qing dynasty ceded Hong Kong Island in 1841–1842 as a consequence of losing the First Opium War. The colony expanded to the Kowloon Peninsula in 1860 and was further extended when the United Kingdom obtained a 99-year lease of the New Territories in 1898. Hong Kong was occupied by Japan from 1941 to 1945 during World War II. The territory was handed over from the United Kingdom to China in 1997. Hong Kong maintains separate governing and economic systems from that of mainland China under the principle of one country, two systems. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 7 Hong Kong is a special administrative region of China. With 7.4 million residents of various nationalities in a 1,104-square-kilometre (426 sq mi) territory, Hong Kong is the fourth most densely populated region in the world. Hong Kong was established as a colony of the British Empire after the Qing dynasty ceded Hong Kong Island in 1841–1842 as a consequence of losing the First Opium War. The colony expanded to the Kowloon Peninsula in 1860 and was further extended when the United Kingdom obtained a 99-year lease of the New Territories in 1898. Hong Kong was occupied by Japan from 1941 to 1945 during World War II. The territory was handed over from the United Kingdom to China in 1997. Hong Kong maintains separate governing and economic systems from that of mainland China under the principle of one country, two systems. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 7</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/220px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/330px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/440px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></b> is a <a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">special administrative region</a> of <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>. With 7.4 million residents of various nationalities in a 1,104-square-kilometre (426 sq mi) territory, Hong Kong is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population_density" title="List of countries and dependencies by population density">fourth most densely populated region</a> in the world.<br /><br />Hong Kong was established as a <a href="/wiki/British_Hong_Kong" title="British Hong Kong">colony of the British Empire</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a> ceded <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Island" title="Hong Kong Island">Hong Kong Island</a> in 1841–1842 as a consequence of losing the <a href="/wiki/First_Opium_War" title="First Opium War">First Opium War</a>. The colony expanded to the <a href="/wiki/Kowloon_Peninsula" title="Kowloon Peninsula">Kowloon Peninsula</a> in 1860 and was further extended when the United Kingdom obtained a <a href="/wiki/99-year_lease" title="99-year lease">99-year lease</a> of the <a href="/wiki/New_Territories" title="New Territories">New Territories</a> in 1898. Hong Kong was <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Hong_Kong" title="Japanese occupation of Hong Kong">occupied</a> by <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japan</a> from <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hong_Kong" title="Battle of Hong Kong">1941</a> to <a href="/wiki/Liberation_Day_(Hong_Kong)" title="Liberation Day (Hong Kong)">1945</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. The territory was <a href="/wiki/Handover_of_Hong_Kong" title="Handover of Hong Kong">handed over from the United Kingdom to China</a> in 1997. Hong Kong maintains separate governing and economic systems from that of <a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">mainland China</a> under the principle of <a href="/wiki/One_country,_two_systems" title="One country, two systems">one country, two systems</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 8 The Great East Hall of the Foguang Temple Foguang Temple (Chinese: 佛光寺) is a Buddhist temple located five kilometres from Doucun, Wutai County, Shanxi Province of China. The major hall of the temple is the Great East Hall, built in 857 AD, during the Tang dynasty (618–907). According to architectural records, it is the third earliest preserved timber structure in China. It was rediscovered by the 20th-century architectural historian Liang Sicheng (1901–1972) in 1937, while an older hall at Nanchan Temple was discovered by the same team a year later. The temple also contains another significant hall dating from 1137 called the Manjusri Hall. In addition, the second oldest existing pagoda in China (after the Songyue Pagoda), dating from the 6th century, is located in the temple grounds. Today the temple is part of a UNESCO World Heritage site and is undergoing restoration. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 8 The Great East Hall of the Foguang Temple Foguang Temple (Chinese: 佛光寺) is a Buddhist temple located five kilometres from Doucun, Wutai County, Shanxi Province of China. The major hall of the temple is the Great East Hall, built in 857 AD, during the Tang dynasty (618–907). According to architectural records, it is the third earliest preserved timber structure in China. It was rediscovered by the 20th-century architectural historian Liang Sicheng (1901–1972) in 1937, while an older hall at Nanchan Temple was discovered by the same team a year later. The temple also contains another significant hall dating from 1137 called the Manjusri Hall. In addition, the second oldest existing pagoda in China (after the Songyue Pagoda), dating from the 6th century, is located in the temple grounds. Today the temple is part of a UNESCO World Heritage site and is undergoing restoration. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 8</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tright" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Foguang_temple.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Foguang_temple.jpg/220px-Foguang_temple.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Foguang_temple.jpg/330px-Foguang_temple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Foguang_temple.jpg/440px-Foguang_temple.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1706" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">The Great East Hall of the Foguang Temple</div></div></div></div><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Foguang_Temple" title="Foguang Temple">Foguang Temple</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">佛光寺</span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhist</a> temple located five kilometres from Doucun, <a href="/wiki/Wutai_County" title="Wutai County">Wutai County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanxi_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Shanxi Province">Shanxi Province</a> of <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>. The major hall of the temple is the Great East Hall, built in 857 AD, during the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> (618–907). According to architectural records, it is the third earliest preserved <a href="/wiki/Timber" class="mw-redirect" title="Timber">timber</a> structure in China. It was rediscovered by the 20th-century architectural historian <a href="/wiki/Liang_Sicheng" title="Liang Sicheng">Liang Sicheng</a> (1901–1972) in 1937, while an older hall at <a href="/wiki/Nanchan_Temple_(Wutai)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanchan Temple (Wutai)">Nanchan Temple</a> was discovered by the same team a year later. The temple also contains another significant hall dating from 1137 called the Manjusri Hall. In addition, the second oldest existing pagoda in China (after the <a href="/wiki/Songyue_Pagoda" title="Songyue Pagoda">Songyue Pagoda</a>), dating from the 6th century, is located in the temple grounds. Today the temple is part of a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage" class="mw-redirect" title="World Heritage">World Heritage</a> site and is undergoing restoration. (<b><a href="/wiki/Foguang_Temple" title="Foguang Temple">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 9 Chen participated in a boxing match in 2022 Chen Qiushi (born 19 September 1985), also known as Steven Chen, is a Chinese lawyer, activist, and citizen journalist who covered the 2019–20 Hong Kong protests and the COVID-19 pandemic which included criticism of the government response. He went missing on 6 February 2020 after reporting on the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan. The Chinese government reportedly informed Chen's family and friends that he had been detained for the purpose of COVID-19 quarantine. Critics, including media freedom groups, have expressed skepticism about government motives, and have unsuccessfully called on the government to allow outside contact with Chen. Chen re-emerged in September 2021, but provided no explanation of the circumstances of his disappearance. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 9 Chen participated in a boxing match in 2022 Chen Qiushi (born 19 September 1985), also known as Steven Chen, is a Chinese lawyer, activist, and citizen journalist who covered the 2019–20 Hong Kong protests and the COVID-19 pandemic which included criticism of the government response. He went missing on 6 February 2020 after reporting on the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan. The Chinese government reportedly informed Chen's family and friends that he had been detained for the purpose of COVID-19 quarantine. Critics, including media freedom groups, have expressed skepticism about government motives, and have unsuccessfully called on the government to allow outside contact with Chen. Chen re-emerged in September 2021, but provided no explanation of the circumstances of his disappearance. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 9</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tright" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Chen_Qiushi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Chen_Qiushi.jpg/220px-Chen_Qiushi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Chen_Qiushi.jpg/330px-Chen_Qiushi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Chen_Qiushi.jpg/440px-Chen_Qiushi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="507" data-file-height="507" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Chen participated in a boxing match in 2022</div></div></div></div><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Chen_Qiushi" title="Chen Qiushi">Chen Qiushi</a></b> (born 19 September 1985), also known as <b>Steven Chen</b>, is a Chinese <a href="/wiki/Lawyer" title="Lawyer">lawyer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Activist" class="mw-redirect" title="Activist">activist</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Citizen_journalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Citizen journalist">citizen journalist</a> who covered the <a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_Hong_Kong_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2019–20 Hong Kong protests">2019–20 Hong Kong protests</a> and the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> which included criticism of the government response. He went missing on 6 February 2020 after reporting on the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan. The Chinese government reportedly informed Chen's family and friends that he had been detained for the purpose of COVID-19 quarantine. Critics, including media freedom groups, have expressed skepticism about government motives, and have unsuccessfully called on the government to allow outside contact with Chen.<br /><br />Chen re-emerged in September 2021, but provided no explanation of the circumstances of his disappearance. (<b><a href="/wiki/Chen_Qiushi" title="Chen Qiushi">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 10 Titular inscription at the entrance to the "Yeren Cave" in Shennongjia The yeren (Chinese: 野人, 'wild man') is a cryptid apeman reported to inhabit remote, mountainous regions of China, most famously in the Shennongjia Forestry District in the Hubei Province. Sightings of "hairy men" have remained constant since the Warring States Period circa 340 BC through the Tang dynasty (618–907 AD), before solidifying into the modern legend of the yeren. Generally, they are described as savage, strong, and fast-moving, living in mountain caves and descending only to raid villages in search of food or women. Scientific interest in such apemen erupted in the 1950s and 1960s in conjunction with pseudoscientific discoveries relating to Bigfoot and the yeti, but pressure by the Maoist government to leave behind these kinds of legends and folk stories repressed further interest in the yeren until its dissolution in 1976. Afterwards, large expeditions were launched by the Chinese Academy of Sciences to investigate alleged eyewitness accounts, footprints, hairs, and bodies as "yeren fever" took hold, with scientists working with an unprecedented reliance on citizen science. The yeren was often speculated to be a far removed human relative, such as Gigantopithecus or Paranthropus robustus. All forwarded evidence of the creature originated from known animals — namely bears, monkeys, and gibbons — and scientific interest waned by the late 1980s. Nonetheless, organized yeren research still persists, though no serious scientific institutions recognize such apemen. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 10 Titular inscription at the entrance to the "Yeren Cave" in Shennongjia The yeren (Chinese: 野人, 'wild man') is a cryptid apeman reported to inhabit remote, mountainous regions of China, most famously in the Shennongjia Forestry District in the Hubei Province. Sightings of "hairy men" have remained constant since the Warring States Period circa 340 BC through the Tang dynasty (618–907 AD), before solidifying into the modern legend of the yeren. Generally, they are described as savage, strong, and fast-moving, living in mountain caves and descending only to raid villages in search of food or women. Scientific interest in such apemen erupted in the 1950s and 1960s in conjunction with pseudoscientific discoveries relating to Bigfoot and the yeti, but pressure by the Maoist government to leave behind these kinds of legends and folk stories repressed further interest in the yeren until its dissolution in 1976. Afterwards, large expeditions were launched by the Chinese Academy of Sciences to investigate alleged eyewitness accounts, footprints, hairs, and bodies as "yeren fever" took hold, with scientists working with an unprecedented reliance on citizen science. The yeren was often speculated to be a far removed human relative, such as Gigantopithecus or Paranthropus robustus. All forwarded evidence of the creature originated from known animals — namely bears, monkeys, and gibbons — and scientific interest waned by the late 1980s. Nonetheless, organized yeren research still persists, though no serious scientific institutions recognize such apemen. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 10</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yerencave.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Yerencave.jpg/300px-Yerencave.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Yerencave.jpg/450px-Yerencave.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Yerencave.jpg/600px-Yerencave.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1360" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption> Titular inscription at the entrance to the "Yeren Cave" in <a href="/wiki/Shennongjia" title="Shennongjia">Shennongjia</a></figcaption></figure><br /><br />The <b><a href="/wiki/Yeren" title="Yeren">yeren</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%87%8E" class="extiw" title="wikt:野">野</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BA%BA" class="extiw" title="wikt:人">人</a></span>, 'wild man') is a <a href="/wiki/Cryptid" class="mw-redirect" title="Cryptid">cryptid</a> apeman reported to inhabit remote, mountainous regions of China, most famously in the <a href="/wiki/Shennongjia" title="Shennongjia">Shennongjia Forestry District</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a> Province. Sightings of "hairy men" have remained constant since the <a href="/wiki/Warring_States_period" title="Warring States period">Warring States Period</a> circa 340 BC through the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> (618–907 AD), before solidifying into the modern legend of the yeren. Generally, they are described as savage, strong, and fast-moving, living in mountain caves and descending only to raid villages in search of food or women.<br /><br />Scientific interest in such apemen erupted in the 1950s and 1960s in conjunction with <a href="/wiki/Pseudoscience" title="Pseudoscience">pseudoscientific</a> discoveries relating to <a href="/wiki/Bigfoot" title="Bigfoot">Bigfoot</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Yeti" title="Yeti">yeti</a>, but pressure by the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_(1949%E2%80%931976)" title="History of the People's Republic of China (1949–1976)">Maoist government</a> to leave behind these kinds of legends and folk stories repressed further interest in the yeren until its dissolution in 1976. Afterwards, large expeditions were launched by the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Chinese Academy of Sciences">Chinese Academy of Sciences</a> to investigate alleged eyewitness accounts, footprints, hairs, and bodies as "yeren fever" took hold, with scientists working with an unprecedented reliance on <a href="/wiki/Citizen_science" title="Citizen science">citizen science</a>. The yeren was often speculated to be a far removed human relative, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Gigantopithecus" title="Gigantopithecus">Gigantopithecus</a></i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Paranthropus_robustus" title="Paranthropus robustus">Paranthropus robustus</a></i>. All forwarded evidence of the creature originated from known animals — namely <a href="/wiki/Bear" title="Bear">bears</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monkey" title="Monkey">monkeys</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gibbon" title="Gibbon">gibbons</a> — and scientific interest waned by the late 1980s. Nonetheless, organized yeren research still persists, though no serious scientific institutions recognize such apemen. (<b><a href="/wiki/Yeren" title="Yeren">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 11 I Not Stupid (Chinese: 小孩不笨; pinyin: Xiǎohái Bù Bèn; lit. 'Children are not stupid') is a 2002 Singaporean comedy film about the lives, struggles and adventures of three Primary 6 pupils who are placed in the academically inferior EM3 stream. Written and directed by Jack Neo, and produced by Mediacorp Raintree Pictures, the film stars Huang Po Ju, Shawn Lee, Joshua Ang, Cheryl Desiree Chan, Xiang Yun, Jack Neo, Richard Low and Selena Tan. Released in cinemas on 9 February 2002, the film earned over S$3.8 million, becoming the second-highest grossing Singaporean film. Its satirical take on the Singaporean education system and social attitudes in Singapore sparked public discussions and parliamentary debates that led to reforms in the education system. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 11 I Not Stupid (Chinese: 小孩不笨; pinyin: Xiǎohái Bù Bèn; lit. 'Children are not stupid') is a 2002 Singaporean comedy film about the lives, struggles and adventures of three Primary 6 pupils who are placed in the academically inferior EM3 stream. Written and directed by Jack Neo, and produced by Mediacorp Raintree Pictures, the film stars Huang Po Ju, Shawn Lee, Joshua Ang, Cheryl Desiree Chan, Xiang Yun, Jack Neo, Richard Low and Selena Tan. Released in cinemas on 9 February 2002, the film earned over S$3.8 million, becoming the second-highest grossing Singaporean film. Its satirical take on the Singaporean education system and social attitudes in Singapore sparked public discussions and parliamentary debates that led to reforms in the education system. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 11</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><i><b><a href="/wiki/I_Not_Stupid" title="I Not Stupid">I Not Stupid</a></b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">小孩不笨</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Xiǎohái Bù Bèn</span></i>; <abbr title="Literal translation"><small>lit.</small></abbr> 'Children are not stupid') is a 2002 Singaporean <a href="/wiki/Comedy_film" title="Comedy film">comedy film</a> about the lives, struggles and adventures of three <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Singapore#Primary_education" title="Education in Singapore">Primary 6</a> pupils who are placed in the academically inferior <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Singapore#Primary_education" title="Education in Singapore">EM3</a> <a href="/wiki/Tracking_(education)" title="Tracking (education)">stream</a>. Written and directed by <a href="/wiki/Jack_Neo" title="Jack Neo">Jack Neo</a>, and produced by <a href="/wiki/Mediacorp_Raintree_Pictures" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediacorp Raintree Pictures">Mediacorp Raintree Pictures</a>, the film stars <a href="/wiki/Huang_Po_Ju" title="Huang Po Ju">Huang Po Ju</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shawn_Lee_(actor)" title="Shawn Lee (actor)">Shawn Lee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Ang" title="Joshua Ang">Joshua Ang</a>, Cheryl Desiree Chan, <a href="/wiki/Xiang_Yun" title="Xiang Yun">Xiang Yun</a>, Jack Neo, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Low" title="Richard Low">Richard Low</a> and <a href="/wiki/Selena_Tan" title="Selena Tan">Selena Tan</a>.<br /><br />Released in cinemas on 9 February 2002, the film earned over <a href="/wiki/Singapore_dollar" title="Singapore dollar">S$</a>3.8 million, becoming the second-highest grossing Singaporean film. Its <a href="/wiki/Satire" title="Satire">satirical</a> take on the <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Singapore" title="Education in Singapore">Singaporean education system</a> and social attitudes in Singapore sparked public discussions and parliamentary debates that led to reforms in the education system. (<b><a href="/wiki/I_Not_Stupid" title="I Not Stupid">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 12 The 2010 Asian Games (2010年亚洲运动会), officially known as the XVI Asian Games (第十六届亚洲运动会) and also known as Guangzhou 2010 (广州2010), were a regional multi-sport event held from November 12 to 27, 2010 in Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (although several events commenced earlier on November 7, 2010). It was the second time China hosted the Asian Games, with the first one being Asian Games 1990 in Beijing. Guangzhou's three neighboring cities, Dongguan, Foshan and Shanwei co-hosted the Games. Premier Wen Jiabao opened the Games along the Pearl River in Haixinsha Island. A total of 53 venues were used to host the events. The design concept of the official logo of the 2010 Asian Games was based on the legend of the Guangzhou's Five Goats, representing the Five Goats as the Asian Games Torch. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 12 The 2010 Asian Games (2010年亚洲运动会), officially known as the XVI Asian Games (第十六届亚洲运动会) and also known as Guangzhou 2010 (广州2010), were a regional multi-sport event held from November 12 to 27, 2010 in Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (although several events commenced earlier on November 7, 2010). It was the second time China hosted the Asian Games, with the first one being Asian Games 1990 in Beijing. Guangzhou's three neighboring cities, Dongguan, Foshan and Shanwei co-hosted the Games. Premier Wen Jiabao opened the Games along the Pearl River in Haixinsha Island. A total of 53 venues were used to host the events. The design concept of the official logo of the 2010 Asian Games was based on the legend of the Guangzhou's Five Goats, representing the Five Goats as the Asian Games Torch. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 12</span></span><div style="text-align:left;">The <b><a href="/wiki/2010_Asian_Games" title="2010 Asian Games">2010 Asian Games</a></b> (<span lang="zh-Hans">2010年亚洲运动会</span>), officially known as the <b>XVI Asian Games</b> (<span lang="zh-Hans">第十六届亚洲运动会</span>) and also known as <b>Guangzhou 2010</b> (<span lang="zh-Hans">广州2010</span>), were a regional <a href="/wiki/Multi-sport_event" title="Multi-sport event">multi-sport event</a> held from November 12 to 27, 2010 in <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a>, Guangdong, China (although several events commenced earlier on November 7, 2010). It was the second time China hosted the Asian Games, with the first one being <a href="/wiki/1990_Asian_Games" title="1990 Asian Games">Asian Games 1990</a> in <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>.<br /><br />Guangzhou's three neighboring cities, <a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shanwei" title="Shanwei">Shanwei</a> co-hosted the Games. <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Premier of the People's Republic of China">Premier</a> <a href="/wiki/Wen_Jiabao" title="Wen Jiabao">Wen Jiabao</a> opened the Games along the <a href="/wiki/Pearl_River" title="Pearl River">Pearl River</a> in <a href="/wiki/Haixinsha_Island_(Tianhe_District)" title="Haixinsha Island (Tianhe District)">Haixinsha Island</a>. A total of 53 venues were used to host the events. The design concept of the official logo of the 2010 Asian Games was based on the legend of the Guangzhou's Five Goats, representing the Five Goats as the Asian Games Torch. (<b><a href="/wiki/2010_Asian_Games" title="2010 Asian Games">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 13 Map showing the expansion of Han dynasty in the 2nd century BC The Han campaigns against Minyue were a series of three Han military campaigns dispatched against the Minyue state. The first campaign was in response to Minyue's invasion of Eastern Ou in 138 BC. In 135 BC, a second campaign was sent to intervene in a war between Minyue and Nanyue. After the campaign, Minyue was partitioned into Minyue, ruled by a Han proxy king named Zou Yushan, and Dongyue. During the concluding months of 111 BC, after the unsuccessful uprising led by Zou Yushan in thwarting General Yang Pu's conspiratorial intentions to undermine him, the aspiration for autonomous rule in Dongyue gradually waned. The rebellion instigated by Zou was suppressed, prompting the Han dynasty's complete annexation of Dongyue into its dominion and the conquest of the residual territories that constituted the former Minyue, effectively consolidating the permanent integration of both domains into the Han empire indefinitely. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 13 Map showing the expansion of Han dynasty in the 2nd century BC The Han campaigns against Minyue were a series of three Han military campaigns dispatched against the Minyue state. The first campaign was in response to Minyue's invasion of Eastern Ou in 138 BC. In 135 BC, a second campaign was sent to intervene in a war between Minyue and Nanyue. After the campaign, Minyue was partitioned into Minyue, ruled by a Han proxy king named Zou Yushan, and Dongyue. During the concluding months of 111 BC, after the unsuccessful uprising led by Zou Yushan in thwarting General Yang Pu's conspiratorial intentions to undermine him, the aspiration for autonomous rule in Dongyue gradually waned. The rebellion instigated by Zou was suppressed, prompting the Han dynasty's complete annexation of Dongyue into its dominion and the conquest of the residual territories that constituted the former Minyue, effectively consolidating the permanent integration of both domains into the Han empire indefinitely. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 13</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tright" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Han_Expansion.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Han_Expansion.png/220px-Han_Expansion.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Han_Expansion.png/330px-Han_Expansion.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Han_Expansion.png/440px-Han_Expansion.png 2x" data-file-width="1275" data-file-height="902" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Map showing the expansion of Han dynasty in the 2nd century BC</div></div></div></div><br />The <b><a href="/wiki/Han_campaigns_against_Minyue" title="Han campaigns against Minyue">Han campaigns against Minyue</a></b> were a series of three <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han</a> military campaigns dispatched against the <a href="/wiki/Minyue" title="Minyue">Minyue</a> state. The first campaign was in response to Minyue's invasion of <a href="/wiki/Dong%27ou_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Dong'ou Kingdom">Eastern Ou</a> in 138 BC. In 135 BC, a second campaign was sent to intervene in a war between Minyue and <a href="/wiki/Nanyue" title="Nanyue">Nanyue</a>. After the campaign, Minyue was partitioned into Minyue, ruled by a Han proxy king named Zou Yushan, and Dongyue. During the concluding months of 111 BC, after the unsuccessful uprising led by Zou Yushan in thwarting General Yang Pu's conspiratorial intentions to undermine him, the aspiration for autonomous rule in Dongyue gradually waned. The rebellion instigated by Zou was suppressed, prompting the Han dynasty's complete annexation of Dongyue into its dominion and the conquest of the residual territories that constituted the former Minyue, effectively consolidating the permanent integration of both domains into the Han empire indefinitely. (<b><a href="/wiki/Han_campaigns_against_Minyue" title="Han campaigns against Minyue">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 14 Ma Chengyuan (Chinese: 马承源; 3 November 1927 – 25 September 2004) was a Chinese archaeologist, epigrapher, and president of the Shanghai Museum. He was credited with saving priceless artifacts from destruction during the Cultural Revolution, and was instrumental in raising funds and support for the rebuilding of the Shanghai Museum. He was a recipient of the John D. Rockefeller III Award, and was awarded the Legion of Honour by French President Jacques Chirac. Ma was an authority on ancient Chinese bronzes and published more than 80 books and academic papers, including a 16-volume encyclopedia of the bronzes. He was responsible for recovering ancient relics including the Jin Hou Su Bianzhong and Warring States period bamboo strips, which are now considered China's national treasures. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 14 Ma Chengyuan (Chinese: 马承源; 3 November 1927 – 25 September 2004) was a Chinese archaeologist, epigrapher, and president of the Shanghai Museum. He was credited with saving priceless artifacts from destruction during the Cultural Revolution, and was instrumental in raising funds and support for the rebuilding of the Shanghai Museum. He was a recipient of the John D. Rockefeller III Award, and was awarded the Legion of Honour by French President Jacques Chirac. Ma was an authority on ancient Chinese bronzes and published more than 80 books and academic papers, including a 16-volume encyclopedia of the bronzes. He was responsible for recovering ancient relics including the Jin Hou Su Bianzhong and Warring States period bamboo strips, which are now considered China's national treasures. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 14</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Ma_Chengyuan" title="Ma Chengyuan">Ma Chengyuan</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">马承源</span>; 3 November 1927 – 25 September 2004) was a Chinese <a href="/wiki/Archaeologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeologist">archaeologist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Epigrapher" class="mw-redirect" title="Epigrapher">epigrapher</a>, and president of the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Museum" title="Shanghai Museum">Shanghai Museum</a>. He was credited with saving priceless artifacts from destruction during the <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a>, and was instrumental in raising funds and support for the rebuilding of the Shanghai Museum. He was a recipient of the <a href="/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller_III_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="John D. Rockefeller III Award">John D. Rockefeller III Award</a>, and was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Honour" title="Legion of Honour">Legion of Honour</a> by French President <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Chirac" title="Jacques Chirac">Jacques Chirac</a>.<br /><br />Ma was an authority on ancient <a href="/wiki/Chinese_bronzes" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese bronzes">Chinese bronzes</a> and published more than 80 books and academic papers, including a 16-volume encyclopedia of the bronzes. He was responsible for recovering ancient relics including the Jin Hou Su <a href="/wiki/Bianzhong" title="Bianzhong">Bianzhong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Warring_States_period" title="Warring States period">Warring States period</a> <a href="/wiki/Bamboo_strips" class="mw-redirect" title="Bamboo strips">bamboo strips</a>, which are now considered China's national treasures. (<b><a href="/wiki/Ma_Chengyuan" title="Ma Chengyuan">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 15 Sanzō Nosaka (野坂 参三, Nosaka Sanzō, March 30, 1892 – November 14, 1993) was a Japanese writer, editor, labor organizer, communist agent, politician, and university professor and a founder of the Japanese Communist Party (JCP). He was the son of a wealthy Japanese merchant, and attended Keio University. While in university, Nosaka became interested in social movements, and joined a moderate labor organization after graduation, working as a research staff member, and as a writer and editor of the organization's magazine. He traveled to Britain in 1919 to study political economy, where he deepened his studies of Marxism and became a confirmed communist. Nosaka was a founding member of the Communist Party of Great Britain, but his activity within British communist circles led to him being deported from Britain in 1921. After leaving Britain, Nosaka traveled through the Soviet Union (USSR). He returned to Japan in 1922, where he co-founded the Japanese Communist Party (JCP). Nosaka became a labor organizer, but was arrested twice by the Japanese government for his activities. After being released from prison a second time, Nosaka secretly returned to the USSR in 1931, where he became an agent of the Comintern. He traveled to the West Coast of the United States, where he worked as a spy from 1934 to 1938. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 15 Sanzō Nosaka (野坂 参三, Nosaka Sanzō, March 30, 1892 – November 14, 1993) was a Japanese writer, editor, labor organizer, communist agent, politician, and university professor and a founder of the Japanese Communist Party (JCP). He was the son of a wealthy Japanese merchant, and attended Keio University. While in university, Nosaka became interested in social movements, and joined a moderate labor organization after graduation, working as a research staff member, and as a writer and editor of the organization's magazine. He traveled to Britain in 1919 to study political economy, where he deepened his studies of Marxism and became a confirmed communist. Nosaka was a founding member of the Communist Party of Great Britain, but his activity within British communist circles led to him being deported from Britain in 1921. After leaving Britain, Nosaka traveled through the Soviet Union (USSR). He returned to Japan in 1922, where he co-founded the Japanese Communist Party (JCP). Nosaka became a labor organizer, but was arrested twice by the Japanese government for his activities. After being released from prison a second time, Nosaka secretly returned to the USSR in 1931, where he became an agent of the Comintern. He traveled to the West Coast of the United States, where he worked as a spy from 1934 to 1938. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 15</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sanz%C5%8D_Nosaka_photographed_by_Shigeru_Tamura.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Sanz%C5%8D_Nosaka_photographed_by_Shigeru_Tamura.jpg/220px-Sanz%C5%8D_Nosaka_photographed_by_Shigeru_Tamura.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Sanz%C5%8D_Nosaka_photographed_by_Shigeru_Tamura.jpg/330px-Sanz%C5%8D_Nosaka_photographed_by_Shigeru_Tamura.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Sanz%C5%8D_Nosaka_photographed_by_Shigeru_Tamura.jpg/440px-Sanz%C5%8D_Nosaka_photographed_by_Shigeru_Tamura.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1475" data-file-height="1953" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><b><a href="/wiki/Sanz%C5%8D_Nosaka" title="Sanzō Nosaka">Sanzō Nosaka</a></b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">野坂 参三</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Nosaka Sanzō</i></span>, March 30, 1892 – November 14, 1993)</span> was a Japanese writer, editor, labor organizer, communist agent, politician, and university professor and a founder of the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Communist_Party" title="Japanese Communist Party">Japanese Communist Party</a> (JCP). He was the son of a wealthy Japanese merchant, and attended <a href="/wiki/Keio_University" title="Keio University">Keio University</a>. While in university, Nosaka became interested in social movements, and joined a moderate labor organization after graduation, working as a research staff member, and as a writer and editor of the organization's magazine. He traveled to Britain in 1919 to study <a href="/wiki/Political_economy" title="Political economy">political economy</a>, where he deepened his studies of <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a> and became a confirmed <a href="/wiki/Communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist">communist</a>. Nosaka was a founding member of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Great_Britain" title="Communist Party of Great Britain">Communist Party of Great Britain</a>, but his activity within British communist circles led to him being deported from Britain in 1921.<br /><br />After leaving Britain, Nosaka traveled through the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> (USSR). He returned to Japan in 1922, where he co-founded the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Communist_Party" title="Japanese Communist Party">Japanese Communist Party</a> (JCP). Nosaka became a labor organizer, but was arrested twice by the Japanese government for his activities. After being released from prison a second time, Nosaka secretly returned to the USSR in 1931, where he became an agent of the <a href="/wiki/Comintern" class="mw-redirect" title="Comintern">Comintern</a>. He traveled to the <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States">West Coast of the United States</a>, where he worked as a spy from 1934 to 1938. (<b><a href="/wiki/Sanz%C5%8D_Nosaka" title="Sanzō Nosaka">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> </ul></div></div> <div class="noprint" style="margin:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; padding:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:China/Recognized_content#Good_articles" title="Portal:China/Recognized content">More good articles</a></b></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#ffcc00;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:2px 2px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3AChina%2FSelected_picture%2F25&action=edit"><span style="color:black">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Selected_picture" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Selected picture</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:2px solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#fefeef;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lake_Shanhu_pagodas_at_night.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pagodas by Lake Shanhu"><img alt="Pagodas by Lake Shanhu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Lake_Shanhu_pagodas_at_night.jpg/350px-Lake_Shanhu_pagodas_at_night.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Lake_Shanhu_pagodas_at_night.jpg/525px-Lake_Shanhu_pagodas_at_night.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Lake_Shanhu_pagodas_at_night.jpg/700px-Lake_Shanhu_pagodas_at_night.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1520" /></a><figcaption>Pagodas by Lake Shanhu</figcaption></figure> <table class="noprint" width="100%" border="0" style="padding: 0; margin: 0; background-color:transparent"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center;" width="33%"><small>Credit: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Miguel_A._Monjas" class="extiw" title="commons:User:Miguel A. Monjas">Miguel A. Monjas</a></small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Pagoda" title="Pagoda">Pagodas</a> lit up at night near the <a href="/wiki/Lijiang_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Lijiang River">Lijiang River</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a> Province. </p> <table class="noprint" width="100%" border="0" style="padding: 0; margin: 0; background-color:transparent"> <tbody><tr> <td width="33%"><div style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:China/Selected_picture" title="Portal:China/Selected picture">More selected pictures</a></b></div></td> <td> <div style="text-align:right;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:4px;"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Pagoda" title="Pagoda">Read more</a></b> </p> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;"></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#ffcc00;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:2px 2px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3AChina%2FAnniversaries%2FNovember%2FNovember_27&action=edit"><span style="color:black">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Anniversaries_for_November_27" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Anniversaries for November 27</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:2px solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#fefeef;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Xiaozong.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emperor Xiozong"><img alt="Emperor Xiozong" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Xiaozong.jpg/100px-Xiaozong.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Xiaozong.jpg/150px-Xiaozong.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Xiaozong.jpg/200px-Xiaozong.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9630" data-file-height="17020" /></a><figcaption>Emperor Xiozong</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1127" title="1127">1127</a> - Birth of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xiaozong" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Xiaozong">Emperor Xiaozong</a> of China (d. <a href="/wiki/1194" title="1194">1194</a>)</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="noprint" style="margin:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; padding:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; text-align:right;"><b> <a href="/wiki/Portal:China/Anniversaries/November" title="Portal:China/Anniversaries/November">More November anniversaries</a> / <a href="/wiki/Portal:China/Anniversaries" title="Portal:China/Anniversaries">All anniversaries</a> </b></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#ffcc00;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:2px 2px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="General_images_-_load_new_batch" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">General images - <span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:China&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkblue"><i>load new batch</i></span></small></span></a></span></h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:2px solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#fefeef;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><small><b>The following are images from various China-related articles on Wikipedia.</b></small></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1021884966"><div class="randomSlideshow-container" style="max-width:100%; margin:-4em auto;"><div class="nomobile"></div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-slideshow switcher-container"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dragon_Tea_Pot,_Republic_of_China_Era.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 1Dragon Tea Pot, Republic of China (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 1Dragon Tea Pot, Republic of China (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Dragon_Tea_Pot%2C_Republic_of_China_Era.jpg/120px-Dragon_Tea_Pot%2C_Republic_of_China_Era.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Dragon_Tea_Pot%2C_Republic_of_China_Era.jpg/180px-Dragon_Tea_Pot%2C_Republic_of_China_Era.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Dragon_Tea_Pot%2C_Republic_of_China_Era.jpg/240px-Dragon_Tea_Pot%2C_Republic_of_China_Era.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 1</span></span>Dragon Tea Pot, Republic of China (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ming_Tomb_Entrance_detail1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 2Gilin with the head and scaly body of a dragon, tail of a lion and cloven hoofs like a deer. Its body enveloped in sacred flames. Detail from Entrance of General Zu Dashou Tomb (Ming Tomb). (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 2Gilin with the head and scaly body of a dragon, tail of a lion and cloven hoofs like a deer. Its body enveloped in sacred flames. Detail from Entrance of General Zu Dashou Tomb (Ming Tomb). (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Ming_Tomb_Entrance_detail1.jpg/120px-Ming_Tomb_Entrance_detail1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Ming_Tomb_Entrance_detail1.jpg/180px-Ming_Tomb_Entrance_detail1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Ming_Tomb_Entrance_detail1.jpg/240px-Ming_Tomb_Entrance_detail1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 2</span></span>Gilin with the head and scaly body of a dragon, tail of a lion and cloven hoofs like a deer. Its body enveloped in sacred flames. Detail from Entrance of General Zu Dashou Tomb (Ming Tomb). (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Turquoise-Inlaid_Plaque_with_Stylized_Animal-Mask_Decoration,_1900-1350_BC,_Neolithic_to_Shang_period,_Erlitou_culture,_China,_bronze_with_turquoise_inlay_-_Sackler_Museum_-_DSC02627.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 3Decorative plaque from the Erlitou culture (from History of China)"><img alt="Image 3Decorative plaque from the Erlitou culture (from History of China)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Turquoise-Inlaid_Plaque_with_Stylized_Animal-Mask_Decoration%2C_1900-1350_BC%2C_Neolithic_to_Shang_period%2C_Erlitou_culture%2C_China%2C_bronze_with_turquoise_inlay_-_Sackler_Museum_-_DSC02627.JPG/84px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Turquoise-Inlaid_Plaque_with_Stylized_Animal-Mask_Decoration%2C_1900-1350_BC%2C_Neolithic_to_Shang_period%2C_Erlitou_culture%2C_China%2C_bronze_with_turquoise_inlay_-_Sackler_Museum_-_DSC02627.JPG/126px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Turquoise-Inlaid_Plaque_with_Stylized_Animal-Mask_Decoration%2C_1900-1350_BC%2C_Neolithic_to_Shang_period%2C_Erlitou_culture%2C_China%2C_bronze_with_turquoise_inlay_-_Sackler_Museum_-_DSC02627.JPG/168px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2911" data-file-height="4160" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 3</span></span>Decorative plaque from the <a href="/wiki/Erlitou_culture" title="Erlitou culture">Erlitou culture</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">History of China</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Han_Expansion.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 4Map showing the expansion of Han dynasty in the 2nd century BC (from History of China)"><img alt="Image 4Map showing the expansion of Han dynasty in the 2nd century BC (from History of China)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Han_Expansion.png/120px-Han_Expansion.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Han_Expansion.png/180px-Han_Expansion.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Han_Expansion.png/240px-Han_Expansion.png 2x" data-file-width="1275" data-file-height="902" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 4</span></span>Map showing the expansion of Han dynasty in the 2nd century BC (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">History of China</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yellow_Register_Archives_of_the_Ming_Dynasty,_Nanjing_(flickr_1559896574).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 5A Moon gate in a Chinese garden (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 5A Moon gate in a Chinese garden (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Yellow_Register_Archives_of_the_Ming_Dynasty%2C_Nanjing_%28flickr_1559896574%29.jpg/120px-Yellow_Register_Archives_of_the_Ming_Dynasty%2C_Nanjing_%28flickr_1559896574%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Yellow_Register_Archives_of_the_Ming_Dynasty%2C_Nanjing_%28flickr_1559896574%29.jpg/180px-Yellow_Register_Archives_of_the_Ming_Dynasty%2C_Nanjing_%28flickr_1559896574%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Yellow_Register_Archives_of_the_Ming_Dynasty%2C_Nanjing_%28flickr_1559896574%29.jpg/240px-Yellow_Register_Archives_of_the_Ming_Dynasty%2C_Nanjing_%28flickr_1559896574%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 5</span></span>A <a href="/wiki/Moon_gate" title="Moon gate">Moon gate</a> in a Chinese garden (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tea_Pots.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 6Ancient China's Tea Pots (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 6Ancient China's Tea Pots (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Tea_Pots.jpg/120px-Tea_Pots.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Tea_Pots.jpg/180px-Tea_Pots.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Tea_Pots.jpg/240px-Tea_Pots.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 6</span></span>Ancient China's Tea Pots (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ming_Dynasty_wood_carving_books_in_Tian_Yi_Chamber_colllection.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 7Ming dynasty wood carving books in the Tian Yi Chamber collection (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 7Ming dynasty wood carving books in the Tian Yi Chamber collection (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Ming_Dynasty_wood_carving_books_in_Tian_Yi_Chamber_colllection.JPG/120px-Ming_Dynasty_wood_carving_books_in_Tian_Yi_Chamber_colllection.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Ming_Dynasty_wood_carving_books_in_Tian_Yi_Chamber_colllection.JPG/180px-Ming_Dynasty_wood_carving_books_in_Tian_Yi_Chamber_colllection.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Ming_Dynasty_wood_carving_books_in_Tian_Yi_Chamber_colllection.JPG/240px-Ming_Dynasty_wood_carving_books_in_Tian_Yi_Chamber_colllection.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 7</span></span>Ming dynasty wood carving books in the <a href="/wiki/Tian_Yi_Chamber" class="mw-redirect" title="Tian Yi Chamber">Tian Yi Chamber</a> collection (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Singapore_Dragon-used-for-traditional-dragondance-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 8Dragon dance (舞龙) (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 8Dragon dance (舞龙) (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Singapore_Dragon-used-for-traditional-dragondance-01.jpg/120px-Singapore_Dragon-used-for-traditional-dragondance-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Singapore_Dragon-used-for-traditional-dragondance-01.jpg/180px-Singapore_Dragon-used-for-traditional-dragondance-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Singapore_Dragon-used-for-traditional-dragondance-01.jpg/240px-Singapore_Dragon-used-for-traditional-dragondance-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5088" data-file-height="3634" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 8</span></span><a href="/wiki/Dragon_dance" title="Dragon dance">Dragon dance</a> (舞龙) (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_lanterns,_Spring_Festival,_Ditan_Park_Beijing.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 9Red lanterns are hung from the trees during the Chinese New Year celebrations in Ditan Park (Temple of Earth) in Beijing. (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 9Red lanterns are hung from the trees during the Chinese New Year celebrations in Ditan Park (Temple of Earth) in Beijing. (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Red_lanterns%2C_Spring_Festival%2C_Ditan_Park_Beijing.JPG/120px-Red_lanterns%2C_Spring_Festival%2C_Ditan_Park_Beijing.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Red_lanterns%2C_Spring_Festival%2C_Ditan_Park_Beijing.JPG/180px-Red_lanterns%2C_Spring_Festival%2C_Ditan_Park_Beijing.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Red_lanterns%2C_Spring_Festival%2C_Ditan_Park_Beijing.JPG/240px-Red_lanterns%2C_Spring_Festival%2C_Ditan_Park_Beijing.JPG 2x" data-file-width="772" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 9</span></span>Red lanterns are hung from the trees during the Chinese New Year celebrations in Ditan Park (Temple of Earth) in Beijing. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wang_Xianzi_Imitation_by_Tang_Dynasty.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 10Chinese calligraphy written by the poet Wang Xizhi (王羲之) of the Jin dynasty (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 10Chinese calligraphy written by the poet Wang Xizhi (王羲之) of the Jin dynasty (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Wang_Xianzi_Imitation_by_Tang_Dynasty.JPG/120px-Wang_Xianzi_Imitation_by_Tang_Dynasty.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Wang_Xianzi_Imitation_by_Tang_Dynasty.JPG/180px-Wang_Xianzi_Imitation_by_Tang_Dynasty.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Wang_Xianzi_Imitation_by_Tang_Dynasty.JPG/240px-Wang_Xianzi_Imitation_by_Tang_Dynasty.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2264" data-file-height="1894" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 10</span></span><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calligraphy" title="Chinese calligraphy">Chinese calligraphy</a> written by the poet <a href="/wiki/Wang_Xizhi" title="Wang Xizhi">Wang Xizhi</a> (王羲之) of the <a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(265%E2%80%93420)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jin dynasty (265–420)">Jin dynasty</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bi_with_two_dragons_and_grain_pattern.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 11A Chinese jade named Bi(璧) with a dual dragon motif, Warring States period (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 11A Chinese jade named Bi(璧) with a dual dragon motif, Warring States period (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Bi_with_two_dragons_and_grain_pattern.jpg/120px-Bi_with_two_dragons_and_grain_pattern.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Bi_with_two_dragons_and_grain_pattern.jpg/180px-Bi_with_two_dragons_and_grain_pattern.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Bi_with_two_dragons_and_grain_pattern.jpg/240px-Bi_with_two_dragons_and_grain_pattern.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 11</span></span>A Chinese jade named <a href="/wiki/Bi_(jade)" title="Bi (jade)">Bi</a>(璧) with a dual dragon motif, <a href="/wiki/Warring_States_period" title="Warring States period">Warring States period</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tea_leaves_steeping_in_a_zhong_%C4%8Daj_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 12Oolong tea leaves steeping in a gaiwan (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 12Oolong tea leaves steeping in a gaiwan (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Tea_leaves_steeping_in_a_zhong_%C4%8Daj_05.jpg/90px-Tea_leaves_steeping_in_a_zhong_%C4%8Daj_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Tea_leaves_steeping_in_a_zhong_%C4%8Daj_05.jpg/135px-Tea_leaves_steeping_in_a_zhong_%C4%8Daj_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Tea_leaves_steeping_in_a_zhong_%C4%8Daj_05.jpg/180px-Tea_leaves_steeping_in_a_zhong_%C4%8Daj_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 12</span></span><a href="/wiki/Oolong_tea" class="mw-redirect" title="Oolong tea">Oolong tea</a> leaves steeping in a <a href="/wiki/Gaiwan" title="Gaiwan">gaiwan</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PLA_Enters_Peking.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 13The People's Liberation Army enters Beijing in the Pingjin Campaign (from History of China)"><img alt="Image 13The People's Liberation Army enters Beijing in the Pingjin Campaign (from History of China)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/PLA_Enters_Peking.jpg/120px-PLA_Enters_Peking.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/PLA_Enters_Peking.jpg/180px-PLA_Enters_Peking.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/PLA_Enters_Peking.jpg/240px-PLA_Enters_Peking.jpg 2x" data-file-width="780" data-file-height="613" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 13</span></span>The <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a> enters Beijing in the <a href="/wiki/Pingjin_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Pingjin Campaign">Pingjin Campaign</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">History of China</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:VegetableSpringRolls.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 14Spring rolls are a large variety of filled, rolled appetizers or dim sum found in Chinese cuisine. Spring rolls are the main dishes in Chinese Spring Festival (Chinese New Year). (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 14Spring rolls are a large variety of filled, rolled appetizers or dim sum found in Chinese cuisine. Spring rolls are the main dishes in Chinese Spring Festival (Chinese New Year). (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/VegetableSpringRolls.JPG/120px-VegetableSpringRolls.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/VegetableSpringRolls.JPG/180px-VegetableSpringRolls.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/VegetableSpringRolls.JPG/240px-VegetableSpringRolls.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 14</span></span><a href="/wiki/Spring_rolls" class="mw-redirect" title="Spring rolls">Spring rolls</a> are a large variety of filled, rolled appetizers or dim sum found in Chinese cuisine. <a href="/wiki/Spring_rolls" class="mw-redirect" title="Spring rolls">Spring rolls</a> are the main dishes in Chinese Spring Festival (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_New_Year" title="Chinese New Year">Chinese New Year</a>). (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jichang_Yuan.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 15Jichang Garden in Wuxi (1506–1521), built during the Ming dynasty, is an exemplary work of South Chinese style garden. (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 15Jichang Garden in Wuxi (1506–1521), built during the Ming dynasty, is an exemplary work of South Chinese style garden. (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Jichang_Yuan.jpg/80px-Jichang_Yuan.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Jichang_Yuan.jpg/120px-Jichang_Yuan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Jichang_Yuan.jpg/160px-Jichang_Yuan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 15</span></span><a href="/wiki/Jichang_Garden" title="Jichang Garden">Jichang Garden</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wuxi" title="Wuxi">Wuxi</a> (1506–1521), built during the Ming dynasty, is an exemplary work of South Chinese style garden. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1903_emperors-2.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 16 Rulers of the world at the beginning of the 20th century (from History of China)"><img alt="Image 16 Rulers of the world at the beginning of the 20th century (from History of China)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/1903_emperors-2.JPG/120px-1903_emperors-2.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/1903_emperors-2.JPG/180px-1903_emperors-2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/1903_emperors-2.JPG/240px-1903_emperors-2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2170" data-file-height="1658" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 16</span></span><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Rulers of the world at the beginning of the 20th century</div> (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">History of China</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E7%AB%A0%E6%87%B7%E5%A4%AA%E5%AD%90%E5%A2%93%E5%A3%81%E7%95%AB%E7%A6%AE%E8%B3%93%E5%9C%96a.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 17Tang dynasty mural from Li Xian's tomb in Qianling showing Han nobility clothing of the era. (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 17Tang dynasty mural from Li Xian's tomb in Qianling showing Han nobility clothing of the era. (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/%E7%AB%A0%E6%87%B7%E5%A4%AA%E5%AD%90%E5%A2%93%E5%A3%81%E7%95%AB%E7%A6%AE%E8%B3%93%E5%9C%96a.jpg/83px-%E7%AB%A0%E6%87%B7%E5%A4%AA%E5%AD%90%E5%A2%93%E5%A3%81%E7%95%AB%E7%A6%AE%E8%B3%93%E5%9C%96a.jpg" decoding="async" width="83" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/%E7%AB%A0%E6%87%B7%E5%A4%AA%E5%AD%90%E5%A2%93%E5%A3%81%E7%95%AB%E7%A6%AE%E8%B3%93%E5%9C%96a.jpg/125px-%E7%AB%A0%E6%87%B7%E5%A4%AA%E5%AD%90%E5%A2%93%E5%A3%81%E7%95%AB%E7%A6%AE%E8%B3%93%E5%9C%96a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/%E7%AB%A0%E6%87%B7%E5%A4%AA%E5%AD%90%E5%A2%93%E5%A3%81%E7%95%AB%E7%A6%AE%E8%B3%93%E5%9C%96a.jpg/166px-%E7%AB%A0%E6%87%B7%E5%A4%AA%E5%AD%90%E5%A2%93%E5%A3%81%E7%95%AB%E7%A6%AE%E8%B3%93%E5%9C%96a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="483" data-file-height="696" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 17</span></span>Tang dynasty mural from <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Zhongzong_of_Tang" title="Emperor Zhongzong of Tang">Li Xian</a>'s tomb in <a href="/wiki/Qianling_Mausoleum" title="Qianling Mausoleum">Qianling</a> showing Han nobility clothing of the era. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%22Lan-ting_Xu%22_Preface_to_the_Poems_Composed_at_the_Orchid_Pavilion,_copy_by_an_artist_in_the_Tang_dynasty_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 18A Tang dynasty era copy of the preface to the Lantingji Xu poems composed at the Orchid Pavilion Gathering, originally attributed to Wang Xizhi (303–361 AD) of the Jin dynasty (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 18A Tang dynasty era copy of the preface to the Lantingji Xu poems composed at the Orchid Pavilion Gathering, originally attributed to Wang Xizhi (303–361 AD) of the Jin dynasty (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/%22Lan-ting_Xu%22_Preface_to_the_Poems_Composed_at_the_Orchid_Pavilion%2C_copy_by_an_artist_in_the_Tang_dynasty_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/120px-%22Lan-ting_Xu%22_Preface_to_the_Poems_Composed_at_the_Orchid_Pavilion%2C_copy_by_an_artist_in_the_Tang_dynasty_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/%22Lan-ting_Xu%22_Preface_to_the_Poems_Composed_at_the_Orchid_Pavilion%2C_copy_by_an_artist_in_the_Tang_dynasty_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/180px-%22Lan-ting_Xu%22_Preface_to_the_Poems_Composed_at_the_Orchid_Pavilion%2C_copy_by_an_artist_in_the_Tang_dynasty_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/%22Lan-ting_Xu%22_Preface_to_the_Poems_Composed_at_the_Orchid_Pavilion%2C_copy_by_an_artist_in_the_Tang_dynasty_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/240px-%22Lan-ting_Xu%22_Preface_to_the_Poems_Composed_at_the_Orchid_Pavilion%2C_copy_by_an_artist_in_the_Tang_dynasty_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4673" data-file-height="1560" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 18</span></span>A Tang dynasty era copy of the preface to the <i><a href="/wiki/Lantingji_Xu" title="Lantingji Xu">Lantingji Xu</a></i> poems composed at the <a href="/wiki/Orchid_Pavilion_Gathering" title="Orchid Pavilion Gathering">Orchid Pavilion Gathering</a>, originally attributed to <a href="/wiki/Wang_Xizhi" title="Wang Xizhi">Wang Xizhi</a> (303–361 AD) of the <a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(265%E2%80%93420)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jin dynasty (265–420)">Jin dynasty</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HouMuWuDingFullView.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 19The 12th-century BCHoumuwu ding, the largest Bronze Age bronzeware found anywhere in the world (from History of China)"><img alt="Image 19The 12th-century BCHoumuwu ding, the largest Bronze Age bronzeware found anywhere in the world (from History of China)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/HouMuWuDingFullView.jpg/90px-HouMuWuDingFullView.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/HouMuWuDingFullView.jpg/135px-HouMuWuDingFullView.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/HouMuWuDingFullView.jpg/180px-HouMuWuDingFullView.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3752" data-file-height="5003" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 19</span></span>The 12th-century BC<a href="/wiki/Houmuwu_ding" title="Houmuwu ding">Houmuwu ding</a>, the largest <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a> bronzeware found anywhere in the world (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">History of China</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nine-Dragons1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 20"Nine Dragons" handscroll section, by Chen Rong(1244 CE), Song dynasty. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 20"Nine Dragons" handscroll section, by Chen Rong(1244 CE), Song dynasty. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nine-Dragons1.jpg/120px-Nine-Dragons1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nine-Dragons1.jpg/180px-Nine-Dragons1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nine-Dragons1.jpg/240px-Nine-Dragons1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="435" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 20</span></span>"Nine Dragons" handscroll section, by <a href="/wiki/Chen_Rong_(painter)" title="Chen Rong (painter)">Chen Rong</a>(1244 CE), <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a>. <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Fine_Arts,_Boston" title="Museum of Fine Arts, Boston">Museum of Fine Arts, Boston</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Xinhai_Revolution_in_Shanghai.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 21Nanjing Road during Xinhai Revolution, 1911 (from History of China)"><img alt="Image 21Nanjing Road during Xinhai Revolution, 1911 (from History of China)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Xinhai_Revolution_in_Shanghai.jpg/120px-Xinhai_Revolution_in_Shanghai.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Xinhai_Revolution_in_Shanghai.jpg/180px-Xinhai_Revolution_in_Shanghai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Xinhai_Revolution_in_Shanghai.jpg/240px-Xinhai_Revolution_in_Shanghai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="639" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 21</span></span><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Road" title="Nanjing Road">Nanjing Road</a> during <a href="/wiki/Xinhai_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinhai Revolution">Xinhai Revolution</a>, 1911 (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">History of China</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Birth_Places_of_Chinese_Philosophers.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 22Birthplaces of notable Chinese philosophers of the Hundred Schools of Thoughts in the Zhou dynasty. (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 22Birthplaces of notable Chinese philosophers of the Hundred Schools of Thoughts in the Zhou dynasty. (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Birth_Places_of_Chinese_Philosophers.png/120px-Birth_Places_of_Chinese_Philosophers.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Birth_Places_of_Chinese_Philosophers.png/180px-Birth_Places_of_Chinese_Philosophers.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Birth_Places_of_Chinese_Philosophers.png/240px-Birth_Places_of_Chinese_Philosophers.png 2x" data-file-width="1585" data-file-height="1125" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 22</span></span>Birthplaces of notable Chinese philosophers of the Hundred Schools of Thoughts in the Zhou dynasty. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Naval_Jack_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 23Flag of the First Guangzhou uprising (from History of China)"><img alt="Image 23Flag of the First Guangzhou uprising (from History of China)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Naval_Jack_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/120px-Naval_Jack_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Naval_Jack_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/180px-Naval_Jack_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Naval_Jack_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/240px-Naval_Jack_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 23</span></span>Flag of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Guangzhou_uprising&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="First Guangzhou uprising (page does not exist)">First Guangzhou uprising</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">History of China</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wuyi_palace.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 24Taoist architecture in China (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 24Taoist architecture in China (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Wuyi_palace.jpg/120px-Wuyi_palace.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Wuyi_palace.jpg/180px-Wuyi_palace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Wuyi_palace.jpg/240px-Wuyi_palace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 24</span></span>Taoist architecture in China (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_tea.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 25A traditional Chinese tea culture (茶艺,茶藝) set and three gaiwan. (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 25A traditional Chinese tea culture (茶艺,茶藝) set and three gaiwan. (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/China_tea.jpg/120px-China_tea.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/China_tea.jpg/180px-China_tea.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/China_tea.jpg/240px-China_tea.jpg 2x" data-file-width="259" data-file-height="194" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 25</span></span>A traditional <a href="/wiki/Chinese_tea_culture" title="Chinese tea culture">Chinese tea culture</a> (茶艺,茶藝) set and three <a href="/wiki/Gaiwan" title="Gaiwan">gaiwan</a>. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Regaining_the_Provincial_Capital_of_Ruizhou.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 26A scene of the Taiping Rebellion (from History of China)"><img alt="Image 26A scene of the Taiping Rebellion (from History of China)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Regaining_the_Provincial_Capital_of_Ruizhou.jpg/120px-Regaining_the_Provincial_Capital_of_Ruizhou.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Regaining_the_Provincial_Capital_of_Ruizhou.jpg/180px-Regaining_the_Provincial_Capital_of_Ruizhou.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Regaining_the_Provincial_Capital_of_Ruizhou.jpg/240px-Regaining_the_Provincial_Capital_of_Ruizhou.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="877" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 26</span></span>A scene of the <a href="/wiki/Taiping_Rebellion" title="Taiping Rebellion">Taiping Rebellion</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">History of China</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hanging_Monastery_02.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 27Hanging Monastery, a temple with the combination of Taoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism. (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 27Hanging Monastery, a temple with the combination of Taoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism. (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Hanging_Monastery_02.JPG/120px-Hanging_Monastery_02.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Hanging_Monastery_02.JPG/180px-Hanging_Monastery_02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Hanging_Monastery_02.JPG/240px-Hanging_Monastery_02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3488" data-file-height="2616" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 27</span></span><a href="/wiki/Hanging_Monastery" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanging Monastery">Hanging Monastery</a>, a temple with the combination of <a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a>. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Spoon_and_chopsticks.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 28Photo showing serving chopsticks (gongkuai) on the far right, personal chopsticks (putongkuai) in the middle, and a spoon. Serving chopsticks are usually more ornate than the personal ones. (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 28Photo showing serving chopsticks (gongkuai) on the far right, personal chopsticks (putongkuai) in the middle, and a spoon. Serving chopsticks are usually more ornate than the personal ones. (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Spoon_and_chopsticks.jpg/80px-Spoon_and_chopsticks.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Spoon_and_chopsticks.jpg/120px-Spoon_and_chopsticks.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Spoon_and_chopsticks.jpg/159px-Spoon_and_chopsticks.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3008" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 28</span></span>Photo showing serving chopsticks (<i>gongkuai</i>) on the far right, personal chopsticks (<i>putongkuai</i>) in the middle, and a spoon. Serving chopsticks are usually more ornate than the personal ones. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hofmobiliendepot_-_Chinesischer_Paravent.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 29Chinese folding screen used at the Austrian imperial court, 18th century, the Imperial Furniture Collection (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 29Chinese folding screen used at the Austrian imperial court, 18th century, the Imperial Furniture Collection (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Hofmobiliendepot_-_Chinesischer_Paravent.jpg/120px-Hofmobiliendepot_-_Chinesischer_Paravent.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Hofmobiliendepot_-_Chinesischer_Paravent.jpg/180px-Hofmobiliendepot_-_Chinesischer_Paravent.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Hofmobiliendepot_-_Chinesischer_Paravent.jpg/240px-Hofmobiliendepot_-_Chinesischer_Paravent.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4364" data-file-height="3388" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 29</span></span>Chinese folding screen used at the Austrian imperial court, 18th century, the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Furniture_Collection" title="Imperial Furniture Collection">Imperial Furniture Collection</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lacquered_box_with_character_for_luck,_Qianlong_Period.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 30Box with the character for "Spring" (春), Qianlong period, Qing dynasty. Nanjing Museum (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 30Box with the character for "Spring" (春), Qianlong period, Qing dynasty. Nanjing Museum (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Lacquered_box_with_character_for_luck%2C_Qianlong_Period.JPG/120px-Lacquered_box_with_character_for_luck%2C_Qianlong_Period.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Lacquered_box_with_character_for_luck%2C_Qianlong_Period.JPG/180px-Lacquered_box_with_character_for_luck%2C_Qianlong_Period.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Lacquered_box_with_character_for_luck%2C_Qianlong_Period.JPG/240px-Lacquered_box_with_character_for_luck%2C_Qianlong_Period.JPG 2x" data-file-width="378" data-file-height="358" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 30</span></span>Box with the character for "Spring" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">春</span></span>), <a href="/wiki/Qianlong" class="mw-redirect" title="Qianlong">Qianlong</a> period, <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Museum" title="Nanjing Museum">Nanjing Museum</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gu%C3%A8rra_Civila_Chinesa_(1946-1950).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 31Map of the Chinese Civil War (from History of China)"><img alt="Image 31Map of the Chinese Civil War (from History of China)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Gu%C3%A8rra_Civila_Chinesa_%281946-1950%29.png/120px-Gu%C3%A8rra_Civila_Chinesa_%281946-1950%29.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Gu%C3%A8rra_Civila_Chinesa_%281946-1950%29.png/180px-Gu%C3%A8rra_Civila_Chinesa_%281946-1950%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Gu%C3%A8rra_Civila_Chinesa_%281946-1950%29.png/240px-Gu%C3%A8rra_Civila_Chinesa_%281946-1950%29.png 2x" data-file-width="503" data-file-height="429" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 31</span></span>Map of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">History of China</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 32Flag of the Republic of China from 1928 to now (from History of China)"><img alt="Blue Sky White Sun Wholly Red Earth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/180px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/240px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 32</span></span>Flag of the Republic of China from 1928 to now (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">History of China</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E4%BC%8F%E7%BE%B2%E5%BA%99%E4%B9%8B%E9%BE%99.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 33Relief of a dragon in Fuxi Temple (Tianshui). (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 33Relief of a dragon in Fuxi Temple (Tianshui). (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/%E4%BC%8F%E7%BE%B2%E5%BA%99%E4%B9%8B%E9%BE%99.jpg/120px-%E4%BC%8F%E7%BE%B2%E5%BA%99%E4%B9%8B%E9%BE%99.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/%E4%BC%8F%E7%BE%B2%E5%BA%99%E4%B9%8B%E9%BE%99.jpg/180px-%E4%BC%8F%E7%BE%B2%E5%BA%99%E4%B9%8B%E9%BE%99.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/%E4%BC%8F%E7%BE%B2%E5%BA%99%E4%B9%8B%E9%BE%99.jpg/240px-%E4%BC%8F%E7%BE%B2%E5%BA%99%E4%B9%8B%E9%BE%99.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 33</span></span>Relief of a <a href="/wiki/Chinese_dragon" title="Chinese dragon">dragon</a> in Fuxi Temple (Tianshui). (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_sinitic_languages_cropped-en.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 34Range of Chinese dialect groups according to the Language Atlas of China. (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 34Range of Chinese dialect groups according to the Language Atlas of China. (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Map_of_sinitic_languages_cropped-en.svg/79px-Map_of_sinitic_languages_cropped-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="79" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Map_of_sinitic_languages_cropped-en.svg/119px-Map_of_sinitic_languages_cropped-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Map_of_sinitic_languages_cropped-en.svg/159px-Map_of_sinitic_languages_cropped-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="620" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 34</span></span>Range of Chinese dialect groups according to the <i>Language Atlas of China</i>. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_Tea_(2511287770).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 35Chinese tea (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 35Chinese tea (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/China_Tea_%282511287770%29.jpg/120px-China_Tea_%282511287770%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/China_Tea_%282511287770%29.jpg/180px-China_Tea_%282511287770%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/China_Tea_%282511287770%29.jpg/240px-China_Tea_%282511287770%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1186" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 35</span></span>Chinese tea (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Evl53201b_pic.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 36Journey to the West (西遊記/西游记) (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 36Journey to the West (西遊記/西游记) (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Evl53201b_pic.jpg/78px-Evl53201b_pic.jpg" decoding="async" width="78" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Evl53201b_pic.jpg/116px-Evl53201b_pic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Evl53201b_pic.jpg/155px-Evl53201b_pic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="324" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 36</span></span><a href="/wiki/Journey_to_the_West" title="Journey to the West">Journey to the West</a> (西遊記/西游记) (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Laoshan_green_tea.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 37Laoshan green tea (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 37Laoshan green tea (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Laoshan_green_tea.jpg/120px-Laoshan_green_tea.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Laoshan_green_tea.jpg/180px-Laoshan_green_tea.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Laoshan_green_tea.jpg/240px-Laoshan_green_tea.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 37</span></span>Laoshan green tea (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Qing_Empire_circa_1820_EN.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 38A map of the Qing dynasty, c. 1820 (from History of China)"><img alt="Image 38A map of the Qing dynasty, c. 1820 (from History of China)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Qing_Empire_circa_1820_EN.svg/120px-Qing_Empire_circa_1820_EN.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Qing_Empire_circa_1820_EN.svg/180px-Qing_Empire_circa_1820_EN.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Qing_Empire_circa_1820_EN.svg/240px-Qing_Empire_circa_1820_EN.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="849" data-file-height="742" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 38</span></span>A map of the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1820 (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">History of China</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MongolMap.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 39Mongol successor khanates (from History of China)"><img alt="Image 39Mongol successor khanates (from History of China)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/MongolMap.jpg/120px-MongolMap.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/MongolMap.jpg/180px-MongolMap.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/MongolMap.jpg/240px-MongolMap.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1132" data-file-height="609" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 39</span></span>Mongol successor khanates (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">History of China</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China,_Chinese_Export_--_European_Market,_18th_century_-_Tea_Caddy_(lid)_-_1958.213.b_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 40Chinese Export—European Market, 18th century - Tea Caddy (lid) (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 40Chinese Export—European Market, 18th century - Tea Caddy (lid) (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/China%2C_Chinese_Export_--_European_Market%2C_18th_century_-_Tea_Caddy_%28lid%29_-_1958.213.b_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.jpg/120px-China%2C_Chinese_Export_--_European_Market%2C_18th_century_-_Tea_Caddy_%28lid%29_-_1958.213.b_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/China%2C_Chinese_Export_--_European_Market%2C_18th_century_-_Tea_Caddy_%28lid%29_-_1958.213.b_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.jpg/180px-China%2C_Chinese_Export_--_European_Market%2C_18th_century_-_Tea_Caddy_%28lid%29_-_1958.213.b_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/China%2C_Chinese_Export_--_European_Market%2C_18th_century_-_Tea_Caddy_%28lid%29_-_1958.213.b_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.jpg/240px-China%2C_Chinese_Export_--_European_Market%2C_18th_century_-_Tea_Caddy_%28lid%29_-_1958.213.b_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="2400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 40</span></span>Chinese Export—European Market, 18th century - Tea Caddy (lid) (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E4%BC%8F%E7%BE%B2%E5%BA%99%E4%B9%8B%E5%87%A4.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 41Relief of a fenghuang in Fuxi Temple (Tianshui). They are mythological birds of East Asia that reign over all other birds. (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 41Relief of a fenghuang in Fuxi Temple (Tianshui). They are mythological birds of East Asia that reign over all other birds. (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/%E4%BC%8F%E7%BE%B2%E5%BA%99%E4%B9%8B%E5%87%A4.jpg/120px-%E4%BC%8F%E7%BE%B2%E5%BA%99%E4%B9%8B%E5%87%A4.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/%E4%BC%8F%E7%BE%B2%E5%BA%99%E4%B9%8B%E5%87%A4.jpg/180px-%E4%BC%8F%E7%BE%B2%E5%BA%99%E4%B9%8B%E5%87%A4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/%E4%BC%8F%E7%BE%B2%E5%BA%99%E4%B9%8B%E5%87%A4.jpg/240px-%E4%BC%8F%E7%BE%B2%E5%BA%99%E4%B9%8B%E5%87%A4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 41</span></span>Relief of a <a href="/wiki/Fenghuang" title="Fenghuang">fenghuang</a> in Fuxi Temple (Tianshui). They are mythological birds of East Asia that reign over all other birds. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 42The flag of the People's Republic of China since 1949. (from History of China)"><img alt="Blue Sky White Sun Wholly Red Earth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/180px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/240px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 42</span></span>The flag of the People's Republic of China since 1949. (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">History of China</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bianlian.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 43Bian Lian("Face-Changing") Performer (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 43Bian Lian("Face-Changing") Performer (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Bianlian.JPG/120px-Bianlian.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Bianlian.JPG/180px-Bianlian.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Bianlian.JPG/240px-Bianlian.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2302" data-file-height="1644" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 43</span></span><a href="/wiki/Bian_Lian" class="mw-redirect" title="Bian Lian">Bian Lian</a>("Face-Changing") Performer (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%BF%A0%E7%B8%A3%E4%B8%81%E6%88%BF%E9%9B%99%E9%97%9502.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 44Que pillar gates of Chongqing that once belonged to a temple dedicated to the Warring States period general Ba Manzi (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 44Que pillar gates of Chongqing that once belonged to a temple dedicated to the Warring States period general Ba Manzi (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/%E5%BF%A0%E7%B8%A3%E4%B8%81%E6%88%BF%E9%9B%99%E9%97%9502.jpg/120px-%E5%BF%A0%E7%B8%A3%E4%B8%81%E6%88%BF%E9%9B%99%E9%97%9502.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/%E5%BF%A0%E7%B8%A3%E4%B8%81%E6%88%BF%E9%9B%99%E9%97%9502.jpg/180px-%E5%BF%A0%E7%B8%A3%E4%B8%81%E6%88%BF%E9%9B%99%E9%97%9502.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/%E5%BF%A0%E7%B8%A3%E4%B8%81%E6%88%BF%E9%9B%99%E9%97%9502.jpg/240px-%E5%BF%A0%E7%B8%A3%E4%B8%81%E6%88%BF%E9%9B%99%E9%97%9502.jpg 2x" data-file-width="758" data-file-height="541" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 44</span></span><a href="/wiki/Que_(tower)" title="Que (tower)">Que pillar gates</a> of <a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a> that once belonged to a <a href="/wiki/Chinese_temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese temple">temple</a> dedicated to the <a href="/wiki/Warring_States_period" title="Warring States period">Warring States period</a> general <a href="/wiki/Ba_Manzi" title="Ba Manzi">Ba Manzi</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:YEAR_OF_THE_MONKEY_IN_DUBLIN_(CHINESE_POETRY_ON_THE_DART_TO_CELEBRATE_THE_NEW_CHINESE_YEAR)-111425_(24150640974).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 45Guzheng, a type of Chinese instrument. (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 45Guzheng, a type of Chinese instrument. (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/YEAR_OF_THE_MONKEY_IN_DUBLIN_%28CHINESE_POETRY_ON_THE_DART_TO_CELEBRATE_THE_NEW_CHINESE_YEAR%29-111425_%2824150640974%29.jpg/120px-YEAR_OF_THE_MONKEY_IN_DUBLIN_%28CHINESE_POETRY_ON_THE_DART_TO_CELEBRATE_THE_NEW_CHINESE_YEAR%29-111425_%2824150640974%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/YEAR_OF_THE_MONKEY_IN_DUBLIN_%28CHINESE_POETRY_ON_THE_DART_TO_CELEBRATE_THE_NEW_CHINESE_YEAR%29-111425_%2824150640974%29.jpg/180px-YEAR_OF_THE_MONKEY_IN_DUBLIN_%28CHINESE_POETRY_ON_THE_DART_TO_CELEBRATE_THE_NEW_CHINESE_YEAR%29-111425_%2824150640974%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/YEAR_OF_THE_MONKEY_IN_DUBLIN_%28CHINESE_POETRY_ON_THE_DART_TO_CELEBRATE_THE_NEW_CHINESE_YEAR%29-111425_%2824150640974%29.jpg/240px-YEAR_OF_THE_MONKEY_IN_DUBLIN_%28CHINESE_POETRY_ON_THE_DART_TO_CELEBRATE_THE_NEW_CHINESE_YEAR%29-111425_%2824150640974%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5373" data-file-height="4791" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 45</span></span><a href="/wiki/Guzheng" title="Guzheng">Guzheng</a>, a type of Chinese instrument. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinese_lacquerware_table.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 46Ming table in the Victoria and Albert Museum, 1425–1436 (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 46Ming table in the Victoria and Albert Museum, 1425–1436 (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Chinese_lacquerware_table.jpg/120px-Chinese_lacquerware_table.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Chinese_lacquerware_table.jpg/180px-Chinese_lacquerware_table.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Chinese_lacquerware_table.jpg/240px-Chinese_lacquerware_table.jpg 2x" data-file-width="566" data-file-height="489" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 46</span></span><a href="/wiki/Chinese_lacquerware_table" title="Chinese lacquerware table">Ming table</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum" title="Victoria and Albert Museum">Victoria and Albert Museum</a>, 1425–1436 (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Liao_Dynasty_Avalokitesvara_Statue_Clear.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 47Wooden sculpture of Guanyin (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 47Wooden sculpture of Guanyin (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Liao_Dynasty_Avalokitesvara_Statue_Clear.jpeg/90px-Liao_Dynasty_Avalokitesvara_Statue_Clear.jpeg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Liao_Dynasty_Avalokitesvara_Statue_Clear.jpeg/135px-Liao_Dynasty_Avalokitesvara_Statue_Clear.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Liao_Dynasty_Avalokitesvara_Statue_Clear.jpeg/180px-Liao_Dynasty_Avalokitesvara_Statue_Clear.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 47</span></span>Wooden sculpture of <a href="/wiki/Guanyin" title="Guanyin">Guanyin</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tea_Pots,_Republic_of_China.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 48Tea Pots, Republic of China (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 48Tea Pots, Republic of China (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Tea_Pots%2C_Republic_of_China.jpg/120px-Tea_Pots%2C_Republic_of_China.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Tea_Pots%2C_Republic_of_China.jpg/180px-Tea_Pots%2C_Republic_of_China.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Tea_Pots%2C_Republic_of_China.jpg/240px-Tea_Pots%2C_Republic_of_China.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 48</span></span>Tea Pots, Republic of China (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Koi_feeding,_National_Arboretum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 49Koi Pond is a signature scenery depicted in Chinese gardens (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 49Koi Pond is a signature scenery depicted in Chinese gardens (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Koi_feeding%2C_National_Arboretum.jpg/120px-Koi_feeding%2C_National_Arboretum.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Koi_feeding%2C_National_Arboretum.jpg/180px-Koi_feeding%2C_National_Arboretum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Koi_feeding%2C_National_Arboretum.jpg/240px-Koi_feeding%2C_National_Arboretum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 49</span></span><a href="/wiki/Koi_Pond" class="mw-redirect" title="Koi Pond">Koi Pond</a> is a signature scenery depicted in Chinese gardens (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Beijing_students_protesting_the_Treaty_of_Versailles_(May_4,_1919).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 50Beijing college students rallied during the May Fourth Movement, dissatisfied with Article 156 of the Treaty of Versailles for China (Shandong Problem). (from History of China)"><img alt="Image 50Beijing college students rallied during the May Fourth Movement, dissatisfied with Article 156 of the Treaty of Versailles for China (Shandong Problem). (from History of China)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Beijing_students_protesting_the_Treaty_of_Versailles_%28May_4%2C_1919%29.jpg/120px-Beijing_students_protesting_the_Treaty_of_Versailles_%28May_4%2C_1919%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Beijing_students_protesting_the_Treaty_of_Versailles_%28May_4%2C_1919%29.jpg/180px-Beijing_students_protesting_the_Treaty_of_Versailles_%28May_4%2C_1919%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Beijing_students_protesting_the_Treaty_of_Versailles_%28May_4%2C_1919%29.jpg/240px-Beijing_students_protesting_the_Treaty_of_Versailles_%28May_4%2C_1919%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="485" data-file-height="336" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 50</span></span>Beijing college students rallied during the <a href="/wiki/May_Fourth_Movement" title="May Fourth Movement">May Fourth Movement</a>, dissatisfied with Article 156 of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">Treaty of Versailles</a> for China (<a href="/wiki/Shandong_Problem" title="Shandong Problem">Shandong Problem</a>). (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">History of China</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zhu-Ye-Qing-Tea-03.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 51Zhu-Ye-Qing-Tea (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 51Zhu-Ye-Qing-Tea (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Zhu-Ye-Qing-Tea-03.jpg/120px-Zhu-Ye-Qing-Tea-03.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Zhu-Ye-Qing-Tea-03.jpg/180px-Zhu-Ye-Qing-Tea-03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Zhu-Ye-Qing-Tea-03.jpg/240px-Zhu-Ye-Qing-Tea-03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4135" data-file-height="2757" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 51</span></span>Zhu-Ye-Qing-Tea (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinese_-_Hair_Ornament_-_Walters_8614.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 52Hair Ornament, China, c. 19th century (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 52Hair Ornament, China, c. 19th century (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Chinese_-_Hair_Ornament_-_Walters_8614.jpg/120px-Chinese_-_Hair_Ornament_-_Walters_8614.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Chinese_-_Hair_Ornament_-_Walters_8614.jpg/180px-Chinese_-_Hair_Ornament_-_Walters_8614.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Chinese_-_Hair_Ornament_-_Walters_8614.jpg/240px-Chinese_-_Hair_Ornament_-_Walters_8614.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1799" data-file-height="1360" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 52</span></span>Hair Ornament, China, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 19th century</span> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Main_hall_and_tea_house_in_Dunedin_Chinese_Garden.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 53Main hall and tea house in Dunedin Chinese Garden (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 53Main hall and tea house in Dunedin Chinese Garden (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Main_hall_and_tea_house_in_Dunedin_Chinese_Garden.jpg/120px-Main_hall_and_tea_house_in_Dunedin_Chinese_Garden.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Main_hall_and_tea_house_in_Dunedin_Chinese_Garden.jpg/180px-Main_hall_and_tea_house_in_Dunedin_Chinese_Garden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Main_hall_and_tea_house_in_Dunedin_Chinese_Garden.jpg/240px-Main_hall_and_tea_house_in_Dunedin_Chinese_Garden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4896" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 53</span></span>Main hall and tea house in Dunedin Chinese Garden (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931928).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 54Flag of the Republic of China from 1912 to 1928 (from History of China)"><img alt="Image 54Flag of the Republic of China from 1912 to 1928 (from History of China)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg/120px-Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg/180px-Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg/240px-Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 54</span></span>Flag of the Republic of China from 1912 to 1928 (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">History of China</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EN-WarringStatesAll260BCE.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 55The Warring States, c. 260 BC (from History of China)"><img alt="Image 55The Warring States, c. 260 BC (from History of China)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/EN-WarringStatesAll260BCE.jpg/120px-EN-WarringStatesAll260BCE.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/EN-WarringStatesAll260BCE.jpg/180px-EN-WarringStatesAll260BCE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/EN-WarringStatesAll260BCE.jpg/240px-EN-WarringStatesAll260BCE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4724" data-file-height="4348" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 55</span></span>The Warring States, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 260<span class="nowrap"> </span>BC (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">History of China</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Beijingreddoorpic2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 56A traditional red Chinese door with Imperial guardian lion knocker (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 56A traditional red Chinese door with Imperial guardian lion knocker (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Beijingreddoorpic2.jpg/120px-Beijingreddoorpic2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Beijingreddoorpic2.jpg/180px-Beijingreddoorpic2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Beijingreddoorpic2.jpg/240px-Beijingreddoorpic2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 56</span></span>A traditional red Chinese door with <a href="/wiki/Imperial_guardian_lion" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial guardian lion">Imperial guardian lion</a> knocker (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinese_New_Year_Lion_Dance.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 57Lion dance (舞狮) (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 57Lion dance (舞狮) (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Chinese_New_Year_Lion_Dance.jpg/106px-Chinese_New_Year_Lion_Dance.jpg" decoding="async" width="106" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Chinese_New_Year_Lion_Dance.jpg/160px-Chinese_New_Year_Lion_Dance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Chinese_New_Year_Lion_Dance.jpg/213px-Chinese_New_Year_Lion_Dance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1419" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 57</span></span><a href="/wiki/Lion_dance" title="Lion dance">Lion dance</a> (舞狮) (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%A4%A7%E6%B8%85%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BE.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 58Official map of the Qing Empire published in 1905 (from History of China)"><img alt="Image 58Official map of the Qing Empire published in 1905 (from History of China)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B8%85%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BE.png/120px-%E5%A4%A7%E6%B8%85%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BE.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B8%85%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BE.png/180px-%E5%A4%A7%E6%B8%85%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BE.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B8%85%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BE.png/240px-%E5%A4%A7%E6%B8%85%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BE.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 58</span></span>Official map of the Qing Empire published in 1905 (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">History of China</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tea_caddy,_Chinese_-_Indianapolis_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC00646.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 59Tea caddy, Chinese - Indianapolis Museum of Art (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 59Tea caddy, Chinese - Indianapolis Museum of Art (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Tea_caddy%2C_Chinese_-_Indianapolis_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC00646.JPG/120px-Tea_caddy%2C_Chinese_-_Indianapolis_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC00646.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Tea_caddy%2C_Chinese_-_Indianapolis_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC00646.JPG/180px-Tea_caddy%2C_Chinese_-_Indianapolis_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC00646.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Tea_caddy%2C_Chinese_-_Indianapolis_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC00646.JPG/240px-Tea_caddy%2C_Chinese_-_Indianapolis_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC00646.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 59</span></span>Tea caddy, Chinese - Indianapolis Museum of Art (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_10th_Anniversary_Parade_in_Beijing_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 60People's Republic of China 10th Anniversary Parade in Beijing (from History of China)"><img alt="Image 60People's Republic of China 10th Anniversary Parade in Beijing (from History of China)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/China_10th_Anniversary_Parade_in_Beijing_01.jpg/120px-China_10th_Anniversary_Parade_in_Beijing_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/China_10th_Anniversary_Parade_in_Beijing_01.jpg/180px-China_10th_Anniversary_Parade_in_Beijing_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/China_10th_Anniversary_Parade_in_Beijing_01.jpg/240px-China_10th_Anniversary_Parade_in_Beijing_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="530" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 60</span></span>People's Republic of China 10th Anniversary Parade in Beijing (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">History of China</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Four_treasures_of_the_Study.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 61The Four Treasures of the Study – brush, ink, paper and ink stone in Chinese calligraphy traditions. (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 61The Four Treasures of the Study – brush, ink, paper and ink stone in Chinese calligraphy traditions. (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Four_treasures_of_the_Study.jpg/120px-Four_treasures_of_the_Study.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Four_treasures_of_the_Study.jpg/180px-Four_treasures_of_the_Study.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Four_treasures_of_the_Study.jpg/240px-Four_treasures_of_the_Study.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 61</span></span>The <a href="/wiki/Four_Treasures_of_the_Study" title="Four Treasures of the Study">Four Treasures of the Study</a> – brush, ink, paper and ink stone in <a href="/wiki/Chinese_calligraphy" title="Chinese calligraphy">Chinese calligraphy</a> traditions. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Non_electric_fan_aka_solfjader.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 62A commercially produced scented wood folding fan, featuring a drawing of the Great Wall of China. (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 62A commercially produced scented wood folding fan, featuring a drawing of the Great Wall of China. (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Non_electric_fan_aka_solfjader.jpg/120px-Non_electric_fan_aka_solfjader.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Non_electric_fan_aka_solfjader.jpg/180px-Non_electric_fan_aka_solfjader.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Non_electric_fan_aka_solfjader.jpg/240px-Non_electric_fan_aka_solfjader.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="1520" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 62</span></span>A commercially produced scented wood folding fan, featuring a drawing of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Wall_of_China" title="Great Wall of China">Great Wall of China</a>. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Terracotta_Army-China2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 63The massive Terracotta Army of Qin Shi Huang, a UNESCO World Heritage Site (from History of China)"><img alt="Image 63The massive Terracotta Army of Qin Shi Huang, a UNESCO World Heritage Site (from History of China)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Terracotta_Army-China2.jpg/120px-Terracotta_Army-China2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Terracotta_Army-China2.jpg/180px-Terracotta_Army-China2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Terracotta_Army-China2.jpg/240px-Terracotta_Army-China2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 63</span></span>The massive <a href="/wiki/Terracotta_Army" title="Terracotta Army">Terracotta Army</a> of <a href="/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang">Qin Shi Huang</a>, a UNESCO <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">History of China</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Changsha_opera_performance.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 64Xiqu performance (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 64Xiqu performance (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Changsha_opera_performance.jpg/120px-Changsha_opera_performance.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Changsha_opera_performance.jpg/180px-Changsha_opera_performance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Changsha_opera_performance.jpg/240px-Changsha_opera_performance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 64</span></span><a href="/wiki/Chinese_opera" title="Chinese opera">Xiqu</a> performance (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> </ul></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div></div></div> <div style="clear:both; width:100%"> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid 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class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Overviews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Chinese_history" title="Timeline of Chinese history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_historiography" title="Chinese historiography">Historiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_China" title="Military history of China">Military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Chinese_language" title="History of the Chinese language">Language</a></li> <li>Economic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_China_before_1912" title="Economic history of China before 1912">before 1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Economic history of China (1912–1949)">1912–1949</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_China_(1949%E2%80%93present)" title="Economic history of China (1949–present)">1949–present</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Chinese_history" title="Ethnic groups in Chinese history">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_foreign_relations_of_China" title="History of foreign relations of China">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynasties_of_China" title="Dynasties of China">Dynasties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_monarchs" title="List of Chinese monarchs">Monarchs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_China" title="Prehistory of China">Prehistoric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Paleolithic_sites_in_China" title="List of Paleolithic sites in China">Paleolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Neolithic_cultures_of_China" title="List of Neolithic cultures of China">Neolithic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_River_civilization" title="Yellow River civilization">Yellow River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangtze_civilization" title="Yangtze civilization">Yangtze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liao_civilization" title="Liao civilization">Liao</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_China#Ancient_China" title="History of China">Ancient</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xia_dynasty" title="Xia dynasty">Xia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shang_dynasty" title="Shang dynasty">Shang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Late_Shang" title="Late Shang">Late</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhou_dynasty" title="Zhou dynasty">Zhou</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Zhou" title="Western Zhou">Western Zhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring_and_Autumn_period" title="Spring and Autumn period">Spring and Autumn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warring_States_period" title="Warring States period">Warring States</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_China#Imperial_China" title="History of China">Imperial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qin_dynasty" title="Qin dynasty">Qin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Kingdoms" title="Three Kingdoms">Three Kingdoms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Wei" title="Cao Wei">Wei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shu_Han" title="Shu Han">Han</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shu_Han" title="Shu Han">Wu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(266%E2%80%93420)" title="Jin dynasty (266–420)">Jin (266–420)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixteen_Kingdoms" title="Sixteen Kingdoms">Sixteen Kingdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_and_Southern_dynasties" title="Northern and Southern dynasties">Northern and Southern dynasties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sui_dynasty" title="Sui dynasty">Sui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Dynasties_and_Ten_Kingdoms_period" title="Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period">Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liao_dynasty" title="Liao dynasty">Liao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin (1115–1234)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Qing_era" title="High Qing era">High Qing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Century_of_humiliation" title="Century of humiliation">Century of humiliation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiping_Rebellion" title="Taiping Rebellion">Taiping Rebellion</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_China#Modern_China" title="History of China">Modern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1911_Revolution" title="1911 Revolution">1911 Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Revolution" title="Chinese Communist Revolution">Chinese Communist Revolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="History of the People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests_and_massacre" title="1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre">Tiananmen Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_economic_reform" title="Chinese economic reform">Economic reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_mainland_China" title="COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China">COVID-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Uyghurs_in_China" title="Persecution of Uyghurs in China">persecution of Uyghurs</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_China" title="Geography of China">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borders_of_China" title="Borders of China">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_China" title="List of extreme points of China">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_China" title="Geology of China">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_disasters_in_China" title="Natural disasters in China">Natural disasters</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_China" title="List of regions of China">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_China" title="East China">East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_China" title="Northeast China">Northeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_China" title="North China">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Central_China" title="South Central China">South Central</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_China" title="Central China">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_China" title="South China">South</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_China" title="Western China">Western</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_China" title="Northwestern China">Northwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_China" title="Southwestern China">Southwestern</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Terrain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bays_of_China" title="Category:Bays of China">Bays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Canyons_and_gorges_of_China" title="Category:Canyons and gorges of China">Canyons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Caves_of_China" title="Category:Caves of China">Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Deserts_of_China" title="Category:Deserts of China">Deserts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Grasslands_of_China" title="Category:Grasslands of China">Grasslands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hills_of_China" title="Category:Hills of China">Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_China" title="List of islands of China">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountains_of_China" title="Category:Mountains of China">Mountains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountain_ranges_of_China" title="Category:Mountain ranges of China">ranges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountain_passes_of_China" title="Category:Mountain passes of China">passes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Peninsulas_of_China" title="Category:Peninsulas of China">Peninsulas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_China_Plain" title="Northeast China Plain">Northeast</a> / <a href="/wiki/North_China_Plain" title="North China Plain">North</a> / <a href="/wiki/Zhongyuan" title="Zhongyuan">Central Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Valleys_of_China" title="Category:Valleys of China">Valleys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_China" title="List of volcanoes in China">Volcanoes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Water</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Canals_in_China" title="Category:Canals in China">Canals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_China" title="List of lakes of China">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_China" title="List of rivers of China">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Waterfalls_of_China" title="Category:Waterfalls of China">Waterfalls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wetlands_of_China" title="Category:Wetlands of China">Wetlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_resources_of_China" title="Water resources of China">Water resources</a></li> <li>Seas <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bohai_Sea" title="Bohai Sea">Bohai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Sea" title="Yellow Sea">Yellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_China_Sea" title="East China Sea">East China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_China" title="Environment of China">Environment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_China" title="Climate change in China">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_policy_of_China" title="Climate policy of China">Climate policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_China" title="Environmental issues in China">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_policy_in_China" title="Environmental policy in China">Environmental policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_China" title="List of protected areas of China">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_China" title="List of national parks of China">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nature_reserves_in_China" title="Category:Nature reserves in China">Nature reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_UNESCO_Biosphere_Reserves_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of UNESCO Biosphere Reserves in China">UNESCO Biosphere Reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_China" title="Wildlife of China">Wildlife</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of China">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_China" title="Flora of China">Flora</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_China" title="Administrative divisions of China">Subdivisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baselines_of_the_Chinese_territorial_sea" title="Baselines of the Chinese territorial sea">Baseline islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Border_crossings_of_China" title="Category:Border crossings of China">Border crossings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China" title="List of cities in China">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_China" title="Administrative divisions of China">Province-level subdivisions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_China" title="Politics of China">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Law" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Law of the People's Republic of China">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_system_of_China" title="Judicial system of China">Judicial system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_China" title="Human rights in China">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in China">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Tibet" title="Human rights in Tibet">in Tibet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_China" title="Law enforcement in China">Law enforcement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penal_system_in_China" title="Penal system in China">Penal system</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_laws_in_China" title="Naming laws in China">Naming laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationality_law_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationality law of China">Nationality law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_China" title="Terrorism in China">Terrorism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_China" title="Government of China">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_service_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Civil service of the People's Republic of China">Civil service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_China" title="Constitution of China">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_China" title="Democracy in China">Democracy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_democracy_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese democracy movement">Pro-democratisation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_China" title="Elections in China">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_policy_in_China" title="Environmental policy in China">Environmental policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_China" title="Foreign relations of China">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Congress" title="National People's Congress">National People's Congress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Standing Committee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_security_of_China" title="National security of China">National security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_China" title="List of political parties in China">Political parties and movements</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">General Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">Politburo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_front_(China)" title="United front (China)">United front</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">Political Consultative Conference</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_with_Chinese_characteristics" title="Socialism with Chinese characteristics">Socialism with Chinese characteristics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Primary_stage_of_socialism" title="Primary stage of socialism">Primary stage of socialism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_China" title="President of China">President</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_China" title="Vice President of China">Vice President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">State Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_China" title="Premier of China">Premier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_Premier_of_China" title="Vice Premier of China">Vice Premier</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_country,_two_systems" title="One country, two systems">One country, two systems</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Military_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of China">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_military_history_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Outline of the military history of the People's Republic of China">Outline of military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Central Military Commission (China)">Central Military Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Defense_(China)" title="Ministry of National Defense (China)">Ministry of National Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Ground_Force" title="People's Liberation Army Ground Force">Ground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Navy" title="People's Liberation Army Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Air_Force" title="People's Liberation Army Air Force">Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Rocket_Force" title="People's Liberation Army Rocket Force">Rocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Strategic_Support_Force" title="People's Liberation Army Strategic Support Force">Strategic Support</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Armed_Police" title="People's Armed Police">People's Armed Police</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Coast_Guard" title="China Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militia_(China)" title="Militia (China)">Militia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_Militia" title="Maritime Militia">Maritime Militia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_China" title="Economy of China">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_China" title="Agriculture in China">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_China" title="Aquaculture in China">Aquaculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_China" title="Banking in China">Banking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Bank_of_China" title="People's Bank of China">Central bank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">Currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_China_(1949%E2%80%93present)" title="Economic history of China (1949–present)">Economic history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_economic_reform" title="Chinese economic reform">Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zones_of_China" title="Special economic zones of China">Special economic zones</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-commerce_in_China" title="E-commerce in China">E-commerce</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Online_advertising_in_China" title="Online advertising in China">Online advertising</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_China" title="Energy policy of China">Energy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coal_in_China" title="Coal in China">Coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry_in_China" title="Petroleum industry in China">Petroleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_China" title="Renewable energy in China">Renewable</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_aid_to_China" title="Foreign aid to China">Foreign aid received</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_foreign_aid" title="Chinese foreign aid">Foreign aid program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_GDP_of_China" title="Historical GDP of China">Historical GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industry_of_China" title="Industry of China">Industry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_industry_in_China" title="Chemical industry in China">Chemical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_mining_in_China" title="Gold mining in China">Gold mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semiconductor_industry_in_China" title="Semiconductor industry in China">Semiconductors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steel_industry_in_China" title="Steel industry in China">Steel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_industry_in_China" title="Textile industry in China">Textiles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_China" title="Poverty in China">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_of_living_in_China" title="Standard of living in China">Standard of living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_China" title="Taxation in China">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_China" title="Tourism in China">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_trade_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="History of trade of the People's Republic of China">Trade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture in China">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Housing_in_China" title="Housing in China">Housing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_China" title="Telecommunications in China">Telecommunications</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_China" title="Internet in China">Internet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_China" title="Water supply and sanitation in China">Water supply and sanitation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_China" title="Transport in China">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_China" title="Automotive industry in China">Automotive industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_aviation_in_China" title="Civil aviation in China">Civil aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_China" title="Rail transport in China">Rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipping_industry_of_China" title="Shipping industry of China">Shipping industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_space_program" title="Chinese space program">Space program</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_China" title="Category:Society of China">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_China" title="Abortion in China">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_China" title="Censorship in China">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Dream" title="Chinese Dream">Chinese Dream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_China" title="Crime in China">Crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_China" title="Corruption in China">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_China" title="Prostitution in China">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_trafficking_in_China" title="Sex trafficking in China">Sex trafficking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_China" title="Education in China">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Literacy_in_China" title="Literacy in China">Literacy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmonious_Society" title="Harmonious Society">Harmonious Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_China" title="Health in China">Health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Food_safety_in_China" title="Food safety in China">Food safety</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Food_safety_incidents_in_China" title="Food safety incidents in China">incidents</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_China" title="HIV/AIDS in China">HIV/AIDS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_intellectualism" title="Chinese intellectualism">Intellectualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese language</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Written_Chinese" title="Written Chinese">Written Chinese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_China" title="Propaganda in China">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_China" title="Public holidays in China">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_society_in_China" title="Rural society in China">Rural society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_China" title="Science and technology in China">Science and technology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Technological_and_industrial_history_of_China" title="Technological and industrial history of China">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_China" title="Sexuality in China">Sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_issues_in_China" title="Social issues in China">Social issues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patriarchy_in_China" title="Patriarchy in China">Patriarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_China" title="Racism in China">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_discrimination_in_China" title="Regional discrimination in China">Regional discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_in_China" title="Suicide in China">Suicide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_social_relations" title="Chinese social relations">Social relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_structure_of_China" title="Social structure of China">Structure</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_China" title="Time in China">Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_society_in_China" title="Urban society in China">Urban society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_in_China" title="Welfare in China">Welfare</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of China">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_China" title="Archaeology of China">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archives_in_China" title="Archives in China">Archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_art" title="Chinese art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calligraphy" title="Chinese calligraphy">Calligraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_China" title="Cinema of China">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_cuisine" title="Chinese cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_China" title="Dance in China">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libraries_in_China" title="Libraries in China">Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_literature" title="Chinese literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_poetry" title="Chinese poetry">Poetry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_martial_arts" title="Chinese martial arts">Martial arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_China" title="Mass media in China">Mass media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_China" title="Music of China">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_China" title="Names of China">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_philosophy" title="Chinese philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_China" title="Smoking in China">Smoking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_China" title="Sport in China">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_tea_culture" title="Chinese tea culture">Tea culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_variety_art" title="Chinese variety art">Variety art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_Historical_and_Cultural_Site_Protected_at_the_National_Level" class="mw-redirect" title="Major Historical and Cultural Site Protected at the National Level">Major Historical and Cultural Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_China" title="List of World Heritage Sites in China">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Fours_of_China" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Fours of China</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Treasures_of_the_Study" title="Four Treasures of the Study">Four Treasures of the Study</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Great_Inventions" title="Four Great Inventions">Four Great Inventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Gentlemen" title="Four Gentlemen">Four Gentlemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flowers_of_the_Four_Seasons" title="Flowers of the Four Seasons">Flowers of the Four Seasons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Beauties" title="Four Beauties">Four Beauties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classic_Chinese_Novels" title="Classic Chinese Novels">Four Classic Novels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_arts" title="Four arts">Four arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Symbols" title="Four Symbols">Four Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Holy_Beasts" title="Four Holy Beasts">Four Holy Beasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Pillars_of_Destiny" title="Four Pillars of Destiny">Four Pillars of Destiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Paragons_of_the_Early_Tang" title="Four Paragons of the Early Tang">Four Paragons of the Early Tang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Masters_of_the_Ming_dynasty" title="Four Masters of the Ming dynasty">Four Masters of the Ming dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Masters_of_the_Yuan_dynasty" title="Four Masters of the Yuan dynasty">Four Masters of the Yuan dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Wangs" title="Four Wangs">Four Wangs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gang_of_Four" title="Gang of Four">Gang of Four</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Olds" title="Four Olds">Four Olds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Pests_campaign" title="Four Pests campaign">Four Pests campaign</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_China" title="Demographics of China">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_emigration" title="Chinese emigration">Emigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_groups_in_China" title="List of ethnic groups in China">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunuchs_in_China" title="Eunuchs in China">Eunuchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migration_in_China" title="Migration in China">Internal migration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_China" title="Languages of China">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_life_expectancy" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_China" title="National Bureau of Statistics of China">Statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Population_history_of_China" title="Population history of China">Population history</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Post-80s" title="Post-80s">Post-80s</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Post-90s" title="Post-90s">Post-90s</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urbanization_in_China" title="Urbanization in China">Urbanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_China" title="Women in China">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_China" title="Religion in China">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_China" title="Buddhism in China">Buddhism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Buddhism" title="Chinese Buddhism">Chinese Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Folk religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_China" title="Christianity in China">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_China" title="Catholic Church in China">Catholic Church in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_China" title="Protestantism in China">Protestantism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_China" title="Freedom of religion in China">Freedom of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_religion_in_China" title="History of religion in China">History of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_China" title="Irreligion in China">Irreligion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_China" title="Islam in China">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_China" title="National symbols of China">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_of_the_Volunteers" title="March of the Volunteers">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Emblem_of_China" title="National Emblem of China">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_China" title="Flag of China">Flag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_China" title="Outline of China">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_China" title="Outline of China">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:China" title="Category:China">Category</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#ffcc00;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:2px 2px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" 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China</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Society_of_China" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_China" title="Category:Society of China">Society of China</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Images_of_China" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Images_of_China" title="Category:Images of China">Images of China</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="China_stubs" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:China_stubs" title="Category:China stubs">China stubs</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div></div></div></div> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#ffcc00;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:2px 2px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=China%2FNews&action=edit"><span style="color:black">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="In_the_news" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">In the news</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:2px solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#fefeef;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <dl><dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">20 November 2024 –</span> <b><a href="/wiki/2024_Baltic_Sea_submarine_cable_disruptions" title="2024 Baltic Sea submarine cable disruptions">2024 Baltic Sea submarine cable disruptions</a></b></dt> <dd>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Danish_Navy" title="Royal Danish Navy">Royal Danish Navy</a> boards the <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">Chinese</a> <a href="/wiki/Cargo_ship" title="Cargo ship">cargo ship</a> <i>Yi Peng 3</i> in the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a> after the ship is suspected to be involved in the <a href="/wiki/Sabotage" title="Sabotage">sabotage</a> of the submarine cables. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eadaily.com/en/news/2024/11/20/the-danish-navy-boarded-a-chinese-cargo-ship-who-broke-the-cables-at-the-bottom-of-the-baltic-sea">(EurAsia Daily)</a></dd> <dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">16 November 2024 –</span> <b><a href="/wiki/APEC_Peru_2024" title="APEC Peru 2024">APEC Peru 2024</a></b></dt> <dd>At the <a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation" title="Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation">Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation</a> summit in <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>, outgoing <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">U.S. President</a> <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> meets with <a href="/wiki/President_of_China" title="President of China">Chinese President</a> <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> for their final meeting before Biden leaves office on January 20th. During the meeting, Biden and Xi talk about topics like <a href="/wiki/Cyber_crime" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyber crime">cyber crime</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_trade" title="International trade">trade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>. Xi also said that his team will work with the incoming <a href="/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second presidency of Donald Trump">Trump administration</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/biden-xi-set-tense-final-meeting-peru-trump-era-looms-2024-11-16/">(Reuters)</a></dd> <dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">16 November 2024 –</span> <b><a href="/wiki/2024_Wuxi_stabbing_attack" title="2024 Wuxi stabbing attack">2024 Wuxi stabbing attack</a></b></dt> <dd>Eight people are killed and 17 others are injured in a <a href="/wiki/Mass_stabbing" title="Mass stabbing">stabbing</a> <a href="/wiki/Spree_killer" title="Spree killer">spree</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wuxi_Vocational_Institute_of_Arts_and_Technology" title="Wuxi Vocational Institute of Arts and Technology">Wuxi Institute of Technology</a> in <a href="/wiki/Yixing" title="Yixing">Yixing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>. The suspect, a 21-year-old student, is arrested. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2024/11/16/china/china-stabbing-yixing-campus-intl/index.html">(CNN)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/china/eight-killed-stabbing-incident-wuxi-china-2024-11-16/">(Reuters)</a></dd> <dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">11 November 2024 –</span> <b><a href="/wiki/2024_Zhuhai_car_attack" title="2024 Zhuhai car attack">2024 Zhuhai car attack</a></b></dt> <dd>Thirty-five people are killed and 43 more injured during a <a href="/wiki/Vehicle-ramming_attack" title="Vehicle-ramming attack">vehicle-ramming attack</a> outside a stadium in <a href="/wiki/Zhuhai" title="Zhuhai">Zhuhai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>. The perpetrator is in a <a href="/wiki/Coma" title="Coma">coma</a> after suffering serious injuries. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cwy1k2rx724o.amp">(BBC News)</a></dd> <dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">9 November 2024 –</span> <b><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Indonesia_relations" title="China–Indonesia relations">China–Indonesia relations</a></b></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">Chinese</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_China" title="President of China">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesian</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_Indonesia" title="President of Indonesia">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Prabowo_Subianto" title="Prabowo Subianto">Prabowo Subianto</a> sign several <a href="/wiki/Multilateralism" title="Multilateralism">cooperation deals</a> worth $10 billion seeking partnership in key areas including <a href="/wiki/Water_conservation" title="Water conservation">water conservation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marine_resources" title="Marine resources">marine resources</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mining" title="Mining">mining</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bangkokpost.com/world/2899202/china-and-indonesia-to-sign-deals-worth-10bn">(<i>Bangkok Post</i>)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/china-indonesia-sign-multiple-cooperation-deals-2024-11-09/">(Reuters)</a></dd> <dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">8 November 2024 –</span> <b><a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea_dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="South China Sea dispute">South China Sea dispute</a></b></dt> <dd>President <a href="/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos">Bongbong Marcos</a> signs into law the Maritime Zones Act and the Archipelagic Sea Lanes Act which defines the maritime entitlements of the Philippines and set designated sea lanes and air routes. China protests against the laws which is linked to territorial disputes in the <a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/philippine-president-signs-new-laws-assert-south-china-sea-rights-sovereignty-2024-11-08/">(Reuters)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/International-relations/South-China-Sea/Philippines-Marcos-signs-laws-to-assert-South-China-Sea-rights">(<i>Nikkei Asia</i>)</a></dd></dl> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#ffcc00;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:2px 2px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3AChina%2FQuality_content&action=edit"><span style="color:black">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Recognized_content" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Recognized content</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:2px solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#fefeef;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256386598"> <div style="margin-left:0"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-archivedtalk mw-collapsed" style="color:inherit; background: transparent; text-align: left; border: 1px solid Silver; margin: 0.2em auto auto; width:100%; clear: both; padding: 1px;"> <tbody><tr> <th class="cot-header-other" style="background:lightblue; font-size:87%; padding:0.2em 0.3em; text-align:center; color:#202122"><div style="font-size:115%;margin:0 4em">Extended content</div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; border: solid 1px Silver; padding: 0.6em; background: var(--background-color-base, #fff);"> <div style="font-size:94%;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238436933"><table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text">This is a list of recognized content, updated weekly by <a href="/wiki/User:JL-Bot_(RECOG)" class="mw-redirect" title="User:JL-Bot (RECOG)">JL-Bot</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:JL-Bot" title="User talk:JL-Bot">talk</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/JL-Bot" title="Special:Contributions/JL-Bot">contribs</a>) (typically on Saturdays). 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Freer Gallery of Art.jpg</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cscr-featured.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Featured picture"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/16px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/24px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/32px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/File:%E7%A5%9E%E9%BE%8D%E8%98%AD%E4%BA%AD%E5%BA%8F%E5%85%A8.JPG" title="File:神龍蘭亭序全.JPG">File:神龍蘭亭序全.JPG</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Featured_portals">Featured portals</h3></div> <div style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Linecons_big-star.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Before the featured portal process ceased in 2017, this had been designated as a featured portal."><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Linecons_big-star.svg/16px-Linecons_big-star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Linecons_big-star.svg/24px-Linecons_big-star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Linecons_big-star.svg/32px-Linecons_big-star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Hong_Kong" title="Portal:Hong Kong">Portal:Hong Kong</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="A-Class_articles">A-Class articles</h3></div> <div style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_a_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="A-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Symbol_a_class.svg/16px-Symbol_a_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Symbol_a_class.svg/23px-Symbol_a_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Symbol_a_class.svg/31px-Symbol_a_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hulao" title="Battle of Hulao">Battle of Hulao</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_a_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="A-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Symbol_a_class.svg/16px-Symbol_a_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Symbol_a_class.svg/23px-Symbol_a_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Symbol_a_class.svg/31px-Symbol_a_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kapyong" title="Battle of Kapyong">Battle of Kapyong</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_a_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="A-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Symbol_a_class.svg/16px-Symbol_a_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Symbol_a_class.svg/23px-Symbol_a_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Symbol_a_class.svg/31px-Symbol_a_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Maryang-san" title="First Battle of Maryang-san">First Battle of Maryang-san</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Featured_topics">Featured topics</h3></div> <div style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cscr-featuredtopic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Featured topic"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Cscr-featuredtopic.svg/16px-Cscr-featuredtopic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Cscr-featuredtopic.svg/24px-Cscr-featuredtopic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Cscr-featuredtopic.svg/32px-Cscr-featuredtopic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="166" data-file-height="155" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_topics/Song_dynasty" title="Wikipedia:Featured topics/Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a></li></ul> </div> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#ffcc00;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:2px 2px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3AChina%2FThings_you_can_do&action=edit"><span style="color:black">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Things_you_can_do" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Things you can do</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:2px solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#fefeef;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <table style="background:none;color:inherit;width:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:top;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e6/Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg/50px-Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e6/Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg/75px-Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e6/Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg/100px-Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span><br /><div style="width: 55px; height: 0px;"></div> </td> <td> <div style="position: relative; left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; z-index: 15;">Here are some tasks awaiting attention: <ul style="font-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0.3em 0px 0.3em 25px;"> <li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Requested_articles" title="Wikipedia:Requested articles">Article requests</a></i> :</b> visit <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_China/Requested_articles" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject China/Requested articles">WikiProject China/Requested articles</a></li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_assessment" title="Wikipedia:Content assessment">Assess</a></i> :</b> rate the <a href="/wiki/Category:Unassessed_China-related_articles" title="Category:Unassessed China-related articles">Unassessed China-related articles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:Unknown-importance_China-related_articles" title="Category:Unknown-importance China-related articles">Unknown-importance China-related articles</a>, tag the talk pages of China-related articles with the <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:WikiProject_China" title="Template:WikiProject China">WikiProject China</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> banner.</li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">Cleanup</a></i> :</b> Clean up grammar and verifications for <a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a>. A <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bambots.brucemyers.com/cwb/bycat/China.html">cleanup listing for this project</a> is available. See also <a href="/wiki/User:CleanupWorklistBot" title="User:CleanupWorklistBot">the tool's wiki page</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bambots.brucemyers.com/cwb/index.html">the index of WikiProjects</a>.</li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Basic_copyediting" title="Wikipedia:Basic copyediting">Copyedit</a></i> :</b> visit <a href="/wiki/Category:China_articles_needing_attention" title="Category:China articles needing attention">China articles needing attention</a></li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Deletion_sorting" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Deletion sorting">Deletion sorting</a></i> :</b> listed at <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Deletion_sorting/China" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Deletion sorting/China">WikiProject Deletion sorting/China</a></li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles">Expand</a></i> :</b> <a href="/wiki/China_National_Ethnic_Song_and_Dance_Ensemble" title="China National Ethnic Song and Dance Ensemble">China National Ethnic Song and Dance Ensemble</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Min" title="Northern Min">Northern Min</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mobike" title="Mobike">Mobike</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_People%27s_Liberation_Army_Support_Base_in_Djibouti" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese People's Liberation Army Support Base in Djibouti">Chinese People's Liberation Army Support Base in Djibouti</a></li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Infoboxes" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Infoboxes">Infobox</a></i> :</b> visit <a href="/wiki/Category:China_articles_without_infoboxes" title="Category:China articles without infoboxes">China articles without infoboxes</a></li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Maintenance" title="Wikipedia:Maintenance">Maintain</a></i> :</b> visit <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_China/Article_alerts" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject China/Article alerts">WikiProject China/Article alerts</a></li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Maps" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Maps">Map</a></i> :</b> visit <a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_requested_maps_in_China" title="Category:Wikipedia requested maps in China">Wikipedia requested maps in China</a></li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging" title="Wikipedia:Merging">Merge</a></i> :</b> deciding whether to merge <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_China" title="Islam in China">Islam in China</a> with <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_China_(1911%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam in China (1911–present)">Islam in China (1911–present)</a>, an idea proposed in 2014</li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability" title="Wikipedia:Notability">Notability</a></i> :</b> visit <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Notability/Listing_by_project/Page_4#WikiProject_China" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Notability/Listing by project/Page 4">WikiProject Notability (WikiProject China listing)</a> and <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?sort=relevance&search=articletopic%3Aeast-asia+incategory%3A%22All+articles+with+topics+of+unclear+notability%22&title=Special:Search&ns0=1">East Asia articles of unclear notability</a></li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Orphan" title="Wikipedia:Orphan">Orphans</a></i> :</b> visit <a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:China_articles_without_a_workgroup&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:China articles without a workgroup (page does not exist)">China articles without a workgroup</a></li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Requested_pictures" title="Wikipedia:Requested pictures">Photo</a></i> :</b> visit <a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_requested_photographs_in_China" title="Category:Wikipedia requested photographs in China">Wikipedia requested photographs in China</a></li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal" title="Wikipedia:Portal">Portal</a></i> :</b> maintain <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Portal:China</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portal:Taiwan" title="Portal:Taiwan">Portal:Republic of China</a> (shared task with <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:TAIWAN" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:TAIWAN">WikiProject Taiwan</a>), fill in <a href="/wiki/Portal:China/Anniversaries" title="Portal:China/Anniversaries">Anniversaries</a>, update <a href="/wiki/Portal:China/Did_you_know" title="Portal:China/Did you know">Did you know?</a>, suggest <a href="/wiki/Portal:China/Selected_article_and_pictures" title="Portal:China/Selected article and pictures">Selected articles and pictures</a>, add <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Portal" title="Template:Portal">Portal</a>|China}}</code> to the See also section of China-related articles.</li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">Stubs</a></i> :</b> visit the <a href="/wiki/Category:China_stubs" title="Category:China stubs">China stubs</a> category</li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation" title="Wikipedia:Translation">Translate</a></i> :</b> please visit the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_China/Translation" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject China/Translation">Chinese translation department</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Intertranswiki/Chinese" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Intertranswiki/Chinese">the Chinese intertranswiki project</a> for more details.</li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">Verify</a></i> :</b> <a href="/wiki/Transformers:_Robots_in_Disguise_(2015_TV_series)" title="Transformers: Robots in Disguise (2015 TV series)"><i>Transformers: Robots in Disguise</i> (2015 TV series)</a> - see <a href="/wiki/Talk:Transformers:_Robots_in_Disguise_(2015_TV_series)#In_China_on_1905.com_from_Dec_31,_2014" title="Talk:Transformers: Robots in Disguise (2015 TV series)">Talk:Transformers: Robots in Disguise (2015 TV series)#In China on 1905.com from Dec 31, 2014</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Transformers/Archive_7#Transformers_in_(PR)_China" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Transformers/Archive 7">Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Transformers/Archive 7#Transformers in (PR) China</a></li> </ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#ffcc00;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:2px 2px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3AChina%2FPolitics&action=edit"><span style="color:black">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="China's_Politics" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em"><span id="China.27s_Politics"></span>China's Politics</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:2px solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#fefeef;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <div style="font-size:100%"> <div style="font-size:medium; color:#fff; text-align:center; background-color:#DE2910;" id="008"><b><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of the People's Republic of China"><span style="color:#FFDE00">Politics of the People's Republic of China</span></a></b> <span style="float:right;font-size:85%"><span class="noprint plainlinks" title="Edit Portal:China/Politics"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:China/Politics&action=edit">edit</a></span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Danghui.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of the Communist Party of China"><img alt="Emblem of the Communist Party of China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Danghui.svg/100px-Danghui.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Danghui.svg/150px-Danghui.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Danghui.svg/200px-Danghui.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="320" /></a><figcaption>Emblem of the Communist Party of China</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Xi_Jinping_(2024-05-16)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Xi Jinping"><img alt="Xi Jinping" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Xi_Jinping_%282024-05-16%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Xi_Jinping_%282024-05-16%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Xi_Jinping_%282024-05-16%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Xi_Jinping_%282024-05-16%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Xi_Jinping_%282024-05-16%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Xi_Jinping_%282024-05-16%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="437" data-file-height="607" /></a><figcaption>Xi Jinping</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party</b>, officially <b><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">General Secretary</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Central Committee</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Communist Party of China</a></b>, is <a href="/wiki/Party_leader" title="Party leader">head</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> and the highest-<a href="/wiki/Orders_of_precedence_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Orders of precedence in the People's Republic of China">ranking official</a> within <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">standing member</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">Politburo</a> and head of the <a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party">Secretariat</a>. The officeholder is usually considered the <a href="/wiki/Paramount_leader" title="Paramount leader">paramount leader</a> of China. </p><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Constitution of the Chinese Communist Party">Constitution</a>, the General Secretary serves as an <a href="/wiki/Ex_officio_member" title="Ex officio member">ex officio member</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Politburo Standing Committee</a>, China's <i>de facto</i> top decision-making body. Since the early 1990s, the holder of the post has been, except for transitional periods, the <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Chairman of the Central Military Commission (China)">Chairman of the Central Military Commission</a>, making the holder the <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief" title="Commander-in-chief">Commander-in-chief</a> of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a>. </p><p>The current General Secretary is <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> <i>(pictured)</i>, who took the office at the <a href="/wiki/18th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">18th National Congress</a> on 15 November 2012. </p> <div class="noprint" align="right"><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="General Secretary of the Communist Party of China"><b>Read more</b></a></div> <div style="font-size:medium; color:#fff; text-align:center; background-color:#000096;" id="008"><b><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of the Republic of China"><span style="color:#ffffff">Politics of the Republic of China</span></a></b> <span style="float:right;font-size:85%"><span class="noprint plainlinks" title="Edit Portal:China/Politics"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:China/Politics&action=edit">edit</a></span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Emblem_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="National Emblem of the Republic of China"><img alt="National Emblem of the Republic of China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/National_Emblem_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/100px-National_Emblem_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/National_Emblem_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/150px-National_Emblem_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/National_Emblem_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/200px-National_Emblem_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>National Emblem of the Republic of China</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:Error mw:File"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Upload?wpDestFile=%E8%B3%B4%E6%B8%85%E5%BE%B7%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1.jpg" class="new" title="File:賴清德總統.jpg"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media" data-width="100">Tsai Ing-wen</span></a><figcaption>Tsai Ing-wen</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>President of the Republic of China</b> is the head of state of the <b><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Republic of China</a></b> (ROC). </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Constitution of the Republic of China">Constitution</a> names the president as head of state and commander-in-chief of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_Armed_Forces" title="Republic of China Armed Forces">Republic of China Armed Forces</a> (formerly known as the <a href="/wiki/National_Revolutionary_Army" title="National Revolutionary Army">National Revolutionary Army</a>). The president is responsible for conducting foreign relations, such as concluding treaties, declaring war, and making peace. The president must promulgate all laws and has no right to veto. Other powers of the president include granting amnesty, pardon or clemency, declaring martial law, and conferring honors and decorations. </p><p>The current President is <a href="/wiki/Lai_Ching-te" title="Lai Ching-te">Lai Ching-te</a> <i>(pictured)</i>, since May 20, 2024. Lai is a Taiwanese politician and former physician, who is currently serving as the eighth president of the Republic of China under the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Constitution of the Republic of China">1947 Constitution</a> and the third president from the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Progressive_Party" title="Democratic Progressive Party">Democratic Progressive Party</a> (DPP). </p> <div class="noprint" align="right"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="President of the Republic of China"><b>Read more</b></a></div> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#ffcc00;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:2px 2px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3AChina%2FWikiProjects&action=edit"><span style="color:black">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Related_WikiProjects" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Related WikiProjects</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:2px solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#fefeef;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <table class="toccolours"> <tbody><tr style="background:azure;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinaimg.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Chinaimg.png/85px-Chinaimg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Chinaimg.png/128px-Chinaimg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Chinaimg.png/170px-Chinaimg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">You are invited to participate in <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_China" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject China">WikiProject China</a>, a WikiProject dedicated to developing and improving articles about <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>. <p>~~~~</p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dt>Parent projects</dt> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Asia" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Asia">WikiProject Asia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_East_Asia" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject East Asia">WikiProject East Asia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countries" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Countries">WikiProject Countries</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.9em"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Community.png" class="mw-file-description" title="WikiProjects"><img alt="WikiProjects" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Community.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="32" /></a><figcaption>WikiProjects</figcaption></figure></div> <dl><dt>Main projects</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_China" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject China">WikiProject China</a></b></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Sub-projects and task forces</dt> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_China/Cartography" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject China/Cartography">Cartography</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Chinese_surnames" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Chinese surnames">Chinese surnames</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Film/Chinese_cinema_task_force" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Film/Chinese cinema task force">Cinema</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Disambiguation/CJKV_task_force" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Disambiguation/CJKV task force">CJKV</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Chinese-language_entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Chinese-language entertainment">Entertainment</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Go" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Go">Go (board game)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Chinese_history" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Chinese history">History</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Military_history/Chinese_military_history_task_force" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Military history/Chinese military history task force">Military history</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Chinese_politics" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Chinese politics">Politics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Three_Kingdoms" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Three Kingdoms">Three Kingdoms</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_China/Chinese_cities_workgroup" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject China/Chinese cities workgroup">Cities</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_China/Pearl_River_Delta_workgroup" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject China/Pearl River Delta workgroup">Pearl River Delta</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_China/Chinese_provinces_workgroup" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject China/Chinese provinces workgroup">Provinces</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Hong_Kong" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Macau" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Macau">Macau</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Taiwan" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Tibet" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Tibet">Tibet</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_China/Transportation_task_force" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject China/Transportation task force">Transportation</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Related projects</dt> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Buddhism" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Buddhism">Buddhism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Christianity/Christianity_in_China_work_group" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Christianity/Christianity in China work group">Christianity</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Martial_arts" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Martial arts">Martial arts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Taoism" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Taoism">Taoism</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#ffcc00;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:2px 2px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3AChina%2FLanguages&action=edit"><span style="color:black">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Wikipedias_in_languages_found_in_China" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Wikipedias in languages found in China</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:2px solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#fefeef;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <div style="font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 2em;"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <p><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="zh-yue:"><span style="font-size: 120%;">粵語 / 广东话</span></a> (<a href="/wiki/Cantonese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Cantonese language">Cantonese</a>)<span class="nowrap">     </span>•<span class="nowrap">     </span></span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="zh-classical:"><span style="font-size: 120%;">古文 / 文言文</span></a> (<a href="/wiki/Classical_Chinese" title="Classical Chinese">Classical Chinese</a>)<span class="nowrap">     </span>•<span class="nowrap">     </span></span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="gan:"><span style="font-size: 120%;">赣语</span></a> (<a href="/wiki/Gan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Gan language">Gan</a>)<span class="nowrap">     </span>•<span class="nowrap">     </span></span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="hak:"><span style="font-size: 120%;">Hak-kâ-fa</span></a> (<a href="/wiki/Hakka_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hakka language">Hakka</a>)<span class="nowrap">     </span>•<span class="nowrap">     </span></span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="kk:"><span style="font-size: 120%;">قازاق تىلى</span></a> (<a href="/wiki/Kazakh_language" title="Kazakh language">Kazakh</a>)<span class="nowrap">     </span>•<span class="nowrap">     </span></span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="zh:"><span style="font-size: 120%;">中文 / 普通话</span></a> (<a href="/wiki/Standard_Mandarin" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Mandarin">Mandarin</a>) (Now unable to access in China Mainland because of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Firewall" title="Great Firewall">Great Firewall</a>)<span class="nowrap">     </span>•<span class="nowrap">     </span></span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="cdo:"><span style="font-size: 120%;">闽东语</span></a> (<a href="/wiki/Min_Dong" class="mw-redirect" title="Min Dong">Min Dong</a>)<span class="nowrap">     </span>•<span class="nowrap">     </span></span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="zh-min-nan:"><span style="font-size: 120%;">闽南语</span></a> (<a href="/wiki/Min_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Min language">Min-nan</a>)<span class="nowrap">     </span>•<span class="nowrap">     </span></span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="bo:"><span style="font-size: 120%;">བོད་ཡིག</span></a> (<a href="/wiki/Standard_Tibetan" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Tibetan">Tibetan</a>)<span class="nowrap">     </span>•<span class="nowrap">     </span></span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="ug:"><span style="font-size: 120%;">ئۇيغۇرچە</span></a> (<a href="/wiki/Uyghur_language" title="Uyghur language">Uyghur</a>)<span class="nowrap">     </span>•<span class="nowrap">     </span></span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wuu:"><span style="font-size: 120%;">吴语</span></a> (<a href="/wiki/Wu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Wu language">Wu</a>)<span class="nowrap">     </span>•<span class="nowrap">     </span></span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="za:"><span style="font-size: 120%;">Sawcuengh</span></a> (<a href="/wiki/Zhuang_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhuang language">Zhuang</a>)</span> </p> </div> <div style="text-align: center;"><b>Incubator</b></div> <table style="width:100%; border:0; background-color:transparent; padding:0; padding-top:1em;" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr align="left"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Incubator-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/15px-Incubator-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/23px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/30px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/incubator:Wp/hsn" class="extiw" title="m:incubator:Wp/hsn"><small>wiki incubator Xiang (</small>湘语<small>)</small></a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Incubator-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/15px-Incubator-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/23px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/30px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/incubator:Wp/cpx" class="extiw" title="m:incubator:Wp/cpx"><small>wiki incubator Pu-Xian Min (</small>莆仙话<small>)</small></a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Incubator-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/15px-Incubator-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/23px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/30px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/incubator:Wp/mnp" class="extiw" title="m:incubator:Wp/mnp"><small>wiki incubator Min Bei (</small>闽北语<small>)</small></a> </td></tr> <tr align="left"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Incubator-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/15px-Incubator-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/23px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/30px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/incubator:Wp/lhu" class="extiw" title="m:incubator:Wp/lhu"><small>wiki incubator lahu (拉祜族,</small>拉祜语<small>)</small></a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Incubator-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/15px-Incubator-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/23px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/30px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/incubator:Wp/ii" class="extiw" title="m:incubator:Wp/ii"><small>wiki incubator Nuosu (彝族,</small>彝语<small>)</small></a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Incubator-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/15px-Incubator-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/23px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/30px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/incubator:Wp/hmn" class="extiw" title="m:incubator:Wp/hmn"><small>wiki incubator hmong (苗族,</small>苗语<small>)</small></a> </td></tr> <tr align="left"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Incubator-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/15px-Incubator-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/23px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/30px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/incubator:Wp/pcc" class="extiw" title="m:incubator:Wp/pcc"><small>wiki incubator Bouyei (布依族,</small>布依语<small>)</small></a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Incubator-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/15px-Incubator-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/23px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/30px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/incubator:Wp/mnc" class="extiw" title="m:incubator:Wp/mnc"><small>wiki incubator manchu (满族,</small>满语<small>)</small></a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Incubator-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/15px-Incubator-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/23px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/30px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/incubator:Wp/mmr" class="extiw" title="m:incubator:Wp/mmr"><small>wiki incubator Xong (苗族,</small>湘西苗语<small>)</small></a> </td></tr> <tr align="left"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Incubator-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/15px-Incubator-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/23px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/30px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/incubator:Wp/mww" class="extiw" title="m:incubator:Wp/mww"><small>wiki incubator Daw (苗族,</small>白苗苗语<small>)</small></a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Incubator-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/15px-Incubator-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/23px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/30px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/incubator:Wp/sjo" class="extiw" title="m:incubator:Wp/sjo"><small>wiki incubator xibo (锡伯族,</small>锡伯语<small>)</small></a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Incubator-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/15px-Incubator-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/23px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/30px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/incubator:Wp/slr" class="extiw" title="m:incubator:Wp/slr"><small>wiki incubator salar (撒拉族,</small>撒拉语<small>)</small></a> </td></tr> <tr align="left"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Incubator-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/15px-Incubator-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/23px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/30px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/incubator:Wp/kac" class="extiw" title="m:incubator:Wp/kac"><small>wiki incubator цзинпо (景颇族,</small>景颇语<small>)</small></a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Incubator-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/15px-Incubator-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/23px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/30px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/incubator:Wp/tdd" class="extiw" title="m:incubator:Wp/tdd"><small>wiki incubator Tai Nüa (傣族,</small>德宏傣语<small>)</small></a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Incubator-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/15px-Incubator-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/23px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/30px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/incubator:Wp/ami" class="extiw" title="m:incubator:Wp/ami"><small>wiki incubator Amis (阿美族,</small>阿美語<small>)</small></a> </td></tr> <tr align="left"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Incubator-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/15px-Incubator-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/23px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/30px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/incubator:Wp/ybe" class="extiw" title="m:incubator:Wp/ybe"><small>wiki incubator Western Yugur (裕固族,</small>西部裕固语<small>)</small></a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Incubator-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/15px-Incubator-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/23px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/30px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/incubator:Wp/tji" class="extiw" title="m:incubator:Wp/tji"><small>wiki incubator northern tujia (土家族,</small>北部土家语<small>)</small></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#ffcc00;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:2px 2px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3AChina%2FWikimedia&action=edit"><span style="color:black">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Associated_Wikimedia" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Associated Wikimedia</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:2px solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#fefeef;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239335380">.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li{display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li span{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li>div{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;padding:6px 4px}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li>div:first-child{text-align:center}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-dark,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-light{display:none}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-dark{display:inline}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-dark{display:inline}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-light{display:none}}@media(min-width:360px){.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li{width:33%;min-width:20em;white-space:nowrap;flex:1 0 25%}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li>div:first-child{min-width:50px}}</style> <p>The following <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation" title="Wikimedia Foundation">Wikimedia Foundation</a> sister projects provide more on this subject: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul id="sister-projects-list"> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:China"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/31px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/47px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/62px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:China" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Category:China">Commons</a></span><br />Free media repository</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/China"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/35px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/53px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/70px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/China" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Special:Search/China">Wikibooks</a></span><br />Free textbooks and manuals</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:Search/China"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/47px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="47" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/71px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/94px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div> <div><span><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:Search/China" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Special:Search/China">Wikidata</a></span><br />Free knowledge base</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/China"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/51px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="51" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/77px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/102px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/China" class="extiw" title="wikinews:Special:Search/China">Wikinews</a></span><br />Free-content news</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/China"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/53px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/70px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/China" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Special:Search/China">Wikiquote</a></span><br />Collection of quotations</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/China"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/35px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/53px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/70px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/China" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Special:Search/China">Wikisource</a></span><br />Free-content library</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/China"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="41" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/62px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/82px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/China" class="extiw" title="wikiversity:Special:Search/China">Wikiversity</a></span><br />Free learning tools</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Special:Search/China"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/35px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/53px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/70px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Special:Search/China" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Special:Search/China">Wikivoyage</a></span><br />Free travel guide</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/China"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/35px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/53px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/70px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/China" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/China">Wiktionary</a></span><br />Dictionary and thesaurus</div> </li> </ul> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239335380"> <div class="smallcaps" style="font-variant:small-caps;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Discover Wikipedia using <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal" title="Wikipedia:Portal">portals</a></b></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul id="sister-projects-list"> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg/35px-Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg/53px-Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg/70px-Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">List of all portals</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png/35px-Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png/53px-Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png/70px-Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:The_arts" title="Portal:The arts">The arts portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/35px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/53px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/70px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/35px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/53px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/70px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Portal:Current events">Current events portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="globe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/35px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/53px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/70px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/35px-P_history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/53px-P_history.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/70px-P_history.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:History" title="Portal:History">History portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="square root of x" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/35px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/53px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/70px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Mathematics" title="Portal:Mathematics">Mathematics portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/35px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/53px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/70px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Science" title="Portal:Science">Science portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Social_sciences.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/35px-Social_sciences.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/53px-Social_sciences.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/70px-Social_sciences.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="122" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Society" title="Portal:Society">Society portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Noun-technology.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/35px-Noun-technology.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/53px-Noun-technology.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/70px-Noun-technology.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="90" data-file-height="88" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Technology" title="Portal:Technology">Technology portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Random_font_awesome.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Random_font_awesome.svg/35px-Random_font_awesome.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Random_font_awesome.svg/53px-Random_font_awesome.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Random_font_awesome.svg/70px-Random_font_awesome.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Special:RandomInCategory/All_portals" title="Special:RandomInCategory/All portals">Random portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/35px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/53px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/70px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Portals" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Portals">WikiProject Portals</a></span></div> </li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"> </li> </ul> </div> <p><i class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Special:Purge/Portal:China" title="Special:Purge/Portal:China"><small>Purge server cache</small></a></i> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.codfw.main‐5566db54f9‐bhfhv Cached time: 20241127180411 Cache expiry: 21361 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, no‐toc] CPU time usage: 8.433 seconds Real time usage: 9.535 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 11184/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 535500/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 79430/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 56/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 306534/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 7.281/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 23633960/52428800 bytes Lua Profile: MediaWiki\Extension\Scribunto\Engines\LuaSandbox\LuaSandboxCallback::match 2900 ms 39.4% 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