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class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>April</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-May" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#May"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>May</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-May-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-June" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#June"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>June</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-June-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>July</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-August" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#August"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>August</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-August-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-September" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#September"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>September</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-September-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10</span> <span>October</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-November" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#November"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.11</span> <span>November</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-November-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-December" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#December"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.12</span> <span>December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-December-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_unknown" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_unknown"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.13</span> <span>Date unknown</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_unknown-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Births" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Births"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Births</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Births-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Births subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Births-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>January</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-February_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#February_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>February</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-February_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-March_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#March_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>March</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-March_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-April_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#April_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>April</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-May_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#May_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>May</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-May_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-June_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#June_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>June</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-June_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>July</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-August_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#August_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>August</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-August_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-September_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#September_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>September</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-September_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>October</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-November_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#November_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.11</span> <span>November</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-November_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-December_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#December_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.12</span> <span>December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-December_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Deaths</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Deaths subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>January</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-February_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#February_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>February</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-February_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-March_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#March_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>March</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-March_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-April_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#April_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>April</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-May_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#May_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>May</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-May_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-June_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#June_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>June</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-June_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>July</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-August_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#August_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>August</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-August_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-September_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#September_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>September</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-September_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.10</span> <span>October</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-November_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#November_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.11</span> <span>November</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-November_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-December_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#December_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.12</span> <span>December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-December_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1942</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 201 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-201" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">201 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942_%E1%8A%A5.%E1%8A%A4.%E1%8A%A0." title="1942 እ.ኤ.አ. – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="1942 እ.ኤ.አ." data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942_%D5%A9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="1942 թուական – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="1942 թուական" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B4%DB%B2_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۹۴۲ (میلادی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۱۹۴۲ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AF%E0%A7%AA%E0%A7%A8" title="১৯৪২ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১৯৪২" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942_n%C3%AE" title="1942 nî – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1942 nî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1942 йыл – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="1942 йыл" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942." title="1942. – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1942." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942_%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="1942 ие – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="1942 ие" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B4%DB%B2" title="۱۹۴۲ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۱۹۴۲" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942_%D1%88%D1%83" title="1942 шу – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="1942 шу" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942%E5%B9%B4" title="1942年 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1942年" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942-ngi%C3%A8n" title="1942-ngièn – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="1942-ngièn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942%EB%85%84" title="1942년 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1942년" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%A8" title="१९४२ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="१९४२" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942." title="1942. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="1942." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AF%E0%A7%AA%E0%A7%A8" title="মারি ১৯৪২ – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মারি ১৯৪২" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="1942-æм аз – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1942-æм аз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B3%A7%E0%B3%AF%E0%B3%AA%E0%B3%A8" title="೧೯೪೨ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="೧೯೪೨" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942_%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1942 джыл – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="1942 джыл" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1942 жыл – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="1942 жыл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942-%D3%A7%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="1942-ӧд во – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="1942-ӧд во" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942_(almanak_gregoryen)" title="1942 (almanak gregoryen) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="1942 (almanak gregoryen)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942_%D0%B8" title="1942 и – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="1942 и" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942._gads" title="1942. gads – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1942. gads" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942_%D0%B9%D0%B8%D1%81" title="1942 йис – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="1942 йис" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942_m." title="1942 m. – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1942 m." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942moi" title="1942moi – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="1942moi" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%A8" title="१९४२ – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="१९४२" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8._%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%A8" title="इ.स. १९४२ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स. १९४२" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B4%DB%B2" title="۱۹۴۲ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="۱۹۴۲" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942_ni%C3%A8ng" title="1942 nièng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1942 nièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942_%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="1942 он – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="1942 он" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%81%E1%81%89%E1%81%84%E1%81%82" title="၁၉၄၂ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၁၉၄၂" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%A8" title="ई सं १९४२ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ई सं १९४२" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942%E5%B9%B4" title="1942年 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1942年" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942_%D1%88%D0%BE" title="1942 шо – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="1942 шо" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%AF%E0%AD%AA%E0%AD%A8" title="୧୯୪୨ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="୧୯୪୨" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%A8" title="१९४२ – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="१९४२" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Tahitian" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Tahitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joohr_1942" title="Joohr 1942 – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Joohr 1942" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="1942 год – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1942 год" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1942 сыл – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1942 сыл" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942%D8%B9" title="1942ع – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="1942ع" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%A1%D9%A9%D9%A4%D9%A2" title="١٩٤٢ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="١٩٤٢" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1942 ел – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1942 ел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2485" title="พ.ศ. 2485 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พ.ศ. 2485" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1942" title="Соли 1942 – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Соли 1942" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942_%D0%B0%D1%80" title="1942 ар – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="1942 ар" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942%D8%A1" title="1942ء – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1942ء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942_-_%D9%8A%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="1942 - يىلى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="1942 - يىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942_nienz" title="1942 nienz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="1942 nienz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E4%B9%9D%E5%9B%9B%E4%BA%8C%E5%B9%B4" title="一九四二年 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="一九四二年" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942%E5%B9%B4" title="1942年 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1942年" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942%E5%B9%B4" title="1942年 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1942年" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" title="1942 – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="1942" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q18625#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" 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class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/1942" title="Special:EditPage/1942">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%221942%22">"1942"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%221942%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%221942%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%221942%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%221942%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%221942%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the year 1942. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/1942_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="1942 (disambiguation)">1942 (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1255975824">.mw-parser-output .events-by-month{margin:0.5em 0;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;background-color:var(--background-color-base,white);font-size:88%;text-align:center;color:var(--color-emphasized,#101418)}</style><div class="events-by-month" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="1942-label"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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id="1942-label"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1942</a></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/January_1942" title="January 1942">January</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/February_1942" title="February 1942">February</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/March_1942" title="March 1942">March</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/April_1942" title="April 1942">April</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/May_1942" title="May 1942">May</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/June_1942" title="June 1942">June</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/July_1942" title="July 1942">July</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/August_1942" title="August 1942">August</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/September_1942" title="September 1942">September</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/October_1942" title="October 1942">October</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/November_1942" title="November 1942">November</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/December_1942" title="December 1942">December</a></dd></dl> </div></div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Calendar year</div> <table class="infobox" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Millennium</a>: </th> <td><a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Centuries</a>: </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/19th_century" title="19th century">19th century</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/20th_century" title="20th century">20th century</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st_century" title="21st century">21st century</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Decades</a>: </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1920s" title="1920s">1920s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1930s" title="1930s">1930s</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1940s" title="1940s">1940s</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950s" title="1950s">1950s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960s" title="1960s">1960s</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_years" title="List of years">Years</a>: </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_1939" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1939">1939</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1940" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1940">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1941" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1941">1941</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/AD_1942" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1942">1942</a> 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href="/wiki/1942_in_animation" title="1942 in animation">Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_in_archaeology" title="1942 in archaeology">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_in_architecture" title="1942 in architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_in_art" title="1942 in art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_in_aviation" title="1942 in aviation">Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1942_awards" title="Category:1942 awards">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_in_comics" title="1942 in comics">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_in_film" title="1942 in film">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_in_literature" title="1942 in literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1942_in_poetry" title="1942 in poetry">Poetry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1942_meteorology" title="Category:1942 meteorology">Meteorology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_in_music" title="1942 in music">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1942_in_country_music" title="1942 in country music">Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_in_jazz" title="1942 in jazz">Jazz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_in_rail_transport" title="1942 in rail transport">Rail transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_in_radio" title="1942 in radio">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_in_science" title="1942 in science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_in_sports" title="1942 in sports">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_in_association_football" title="1942 in association football">Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_in_television" title="1942 in television">Television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1942_in_American_television" title="1942 in American television">American</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/1942_in_British_television" title="1942 in British television">British</a></li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> By country</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1942_in_Afghanistan" title="1942 in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_in_Argentina" title="1942 in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_in_Australia" title="1942 in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_in_Belgium" title="1942 in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_in_Brazil" title="1942 in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_in_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="1942 in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_in_Canada" title="1942 in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_in_China" title="1942 in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_in_Denmark" title="1942 in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_in_France" title="1942 in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_in_Germany" title="1942 in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_in_India" title="1942 in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_in_Ireland" title="1942 in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_in_Japan" title="1942 in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_in_Malaya" title="1942 in Malaya">Malaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_in_New_Zealand" title="1942 in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_in_Norway" title="1942 in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="1942 in Mandatory Palestine">Palestine Mandate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_in_the_Philippines" title="1942 in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_in_Portugal" title="1942 in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_in_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="1942 in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_in_South_Africa" title="1942 in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="1942 in the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_in_Spain" title="1942 in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_in_Sweden" title="1942 in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_in_Switzerland" title="1942 in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_in_Turkey" title="1942 in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1942 in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_in_the_United_States" title="1942 in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> Lists of leaders</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_in_1942" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereign states in 1942">Sovereign states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_1942" class="mw-redirect" title="List of state leaders in 1942">Sovereign state leaders</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_dependent_territories_in_the_20th_century" title="List of governors of dependent territories in the 20th century">Territorial governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_20th-century_religious_leaders" title="List of 20th-century religious leaders">Religious leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1942_in_law" title="Category:1942 in law">Law</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> Birth and death categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1942_births" title="Category:1942 births">Births</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1942_deaths" title="Category:1942 deaths">Deaths</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> Establishments and disestablishments categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1942_establishments" title="Category:1942 establishments">Establishments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1942_disestablishments" title="Category:1942 disestablishments">Disestablishments</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> Works category</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1942_works" title="Category:1942 works">Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1942_introductions" title="Category:1942 introductions">Introductions</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:C20_year_in_topic" title="Template:C20 year in topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:C20_year_in_topic" title="Template talk:C20 year in topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:C20_year_in_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:C20 year in topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox vevent" style="width:22em"><caption style="font-size:125%"><span class="summary dtstart">1942 in various <a href="/wiki/Calendar_era" title="Calendar era">calendars</a></span></caption><tbody><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a></td><td>1942<br /><span style="font-family: serif;"><i>MCMXLII</i></span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita" title="Ab urbe condita">Ab urbe condita</a></td><td>2695</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Armenian_calendar" title="Armenian calendar">Armenian calendar</a></td><td>1391<br />ԹՎ ՌՅՂԱ</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_calendar" title="Assyrian calendar">Assyrian calendar</a></td><td>6692</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_calendar" title="Baháʼí calendar">Baháʼí calendar</a></td><td>98–99</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Balinese_saka_calendar" title="Balinese saka calendar">Balinese saka calendar</a></td><td>1863–1864</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali calendar">Bengali calendar</a></td><td>1349</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Berber_calendar" title="Berber calendar">Berber calendar</a></td><td>2892</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Regnal_years_of_English_and_British_monarchs" title="Regnal years of English and British monarchs">British Regnal year</a></td><td>6 <a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">Geo. 6</a> – 7 <a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">Geo. 6</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Buddhist calendar</a></td><td>2486</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Burmese_calendar" title="Burmese calendar">Burmese calendar</a></td><td>1304</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_calendar" title="Byzantine calendar">Byzantine calendar</a></td><td>7450–7451</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sexagenary_cycle" title="Sexagenary cycle">辛巳</a>年 (Metal <a href="/wiki/Snake_(zodiac)" title="Snake (zodiac)">Snake</a>)<br />4639 or 4432<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />壬午年 (Water <a href="/wiki/Horse_(zodiac)" title="Horse (zodiac)">Horse</a>)<br />4640 or 4433</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic calendar</a></td><td>1658–1659</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Discordian_calendar" title="Discordian calendar">Discordian calendar</a></td><td>3108</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian calendar</a></td><td>1934–1935</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a></td><td>5702–5703</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu calendars</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a></i></td><td>1998–1999</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Indian_national_calendar" title="Indian national calendar">Shaka Samvat</a></i></td><td>1863–1864</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali Yuga</a></i></td><td>5042–5043</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar">Holocene calendar</a></td><td>11942</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Igbo_calendar" title="Igbo calendar">Igbo calendar</a></td><td>942–943</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Iranian_calendars" title="Iranian calendars">Iranian calendar</a></td><td>1320–1321</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a></td><td>1360–1361</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Japanese_calendar" title="Japanese calendar">Japanese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dwa_(1926%E2%80%931989)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shōwa (1926–1989)">Shōwa</a> 17<br />(昭和１７年)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Javanese_calendar" title="Javanese calendar">Javanese calendar</a></td><td>1872–1873</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Juche_calendar" title="Juche calendar">Juche calendar</a></td><td>31</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a></td><td>Gregorian minus 13 days</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Korean_calendar" title="Korean calendar">Korean calendar</a></td><td>4275</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minguo_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Minguo calendar">Minguo calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">ROC</a> 31<br />民國31年</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar" title="Nanakshahi calendar">Nanakshahi calendar</a></td><td>474</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar" title="Thai solar calendar">Thai solar calendar</a></td><td>2485</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_calendar" title="Tibetan calendar">Tibetan calendar</a></td><td>阴金蛇年<br />(female Iron-<a href="/wiki/Snake_(zodiac)" title="Snake (zodiac)">Snake</a>)<br />2068 or 1687 or 915<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />阳水马年<br />(male Water-<a href="/wiki/Horse_(zodiac)" title="Horse (zodiac)">Horse</a>)<br />2069 or 1688 or 916</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1942" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:1942">1942</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <p><b>1942</b> (<a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">MCMXLII</a>) was a <a href="/wiki/Common_year_starting_on_Thursday" title="Common year starting on Thursday">common year starting on Thursday</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a>, the 1942nd year of the <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">Common Era</a> (CE) and <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">Anno Domini</a></i></span> (AD) designations, the 942nd year of the <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a>, the 42nd year of the <a href="/wiki/20th_century" title="20th century">20th century</a>, and the 3rd year of the <a href="/wiki/1940s" title="1940s">1940s</a> decade. </p><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Calendar year</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-2"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Uppsala_Conflict_Data_Program" title="Uppsala Conflict Data Program">Uppsala Conflict Data Program</a> project estimates this to be the deadliest year in human history in terms of conflict deaths, placing the death toll at 4.62 million. However, the <a href="/wiki/Correlates_of_War" title="Correlates of War">Correlates of War</a> estimates that the prior year, <a href="/wiki/1941" title="1941">1941</a>, was the deadliest such year. Death toll estimates for both 1941 and 1942 range from 2.28 to 7.71 million each.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1942&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Below, the events of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> have the "WWII" prefix. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:World_War_II_in_Europe,_1942.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/World_War_II_in_Europe%2C_1942.svg/220px-World_War_II_in_Europe%2C_1942.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/World_War_II_in_Europe%2C_1942.svg/330px-World_War_II_in_Europe%2C_1942.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/World_War_II_in_Europe%2C_1942.svg/440px-World_War_II_in_Europe%2C_1942.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="519" data-file-height="488" /></a><figcaption>Map of Europe at the height of German control in 1942, Britain remains the only country in Western Europe held by Allied forces</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January">January</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1942&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: January"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/January_1942" title="January 1942">January 1942</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1" title="January 1">January 1</a> – WWII: The <a href="/wiki/Declaration_by_United_Nations" title="Declaration by United Nations">Declaration by United Nations</a> is signed by China, the United Kingdom, the United States, the Soviet Union, and 22 other nations, in which they agree "not to make any separate peace with the <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis powers</a>".</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_5" title="January 5">January 5</a> – WWII: Two prisoners, British officer <a href="/wiki/Airey_Neave" title="Airey Neave">Airey Neave</a> and Dutch officer <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Luteyn" title="Anthony Luteyn">Anthony Luteyn</a>, escape from <a href="/wiki/Colditz_Castle" title="Colditz Castle">Colditz Castle</a> in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>. After travelling for three days, they reach the Swiss border.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_7" title="January 7">January 7</a> – WWII: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Slim_River" title="Battle of Slim River">Battle of Slim River</a>: Japanese forces of the <a href="/wiki/5th_Division_(Imperial_Japanese_Army)" title="5th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)">5th Division</a>, supported by tanks, sweep through sixteen miles of British defenses, shattering the exhausted <a href="/wiki/11th_Infantry_Division_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="11th Infantry Division (India)">11th Indian Division</a> and inflicting some 3,000 casualties.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Typhoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Typhoon">Operation Typhoon</a>, the German attempt to take Moscow, ends in failure.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_11" title="January 11">January 11</a> – WWII: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies_campaign" title="Dutch East Indies campaign">Dutch East Indies campaign</a>: Japan declares war on the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a>. Japanese forces invade <a href="/wiki/Borneo" title="Borneo">Borneo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sulawesi" title="Sulawesi">Celebes</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Malayan Campaign">Malayan Campaign</a>: The Japanese <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kuala_Lumpur" title="Battle of Kuala Lumpur">capture</a> <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a>, the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Federated_Malay_States" title="Federated Malay States">Federated Malay States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_13" title="January 13">January 13</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel" title="Heinkel">Heinkel</a> test pilot Helmut Schenk becomes the first person to escape from a stricken aircraft with an <a href="/wiki/Ejection_seat" title="Ejection seat">ejection seat</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Ford" title="Henry Ford">Henry Ford</a> patents a plastic automobile that would be 30% lighter than a conventional car.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_14" title="January 14">January 14</a> <ul><li>WWII: "<a href="/wiki/Second_Happy_Time" title="Second Happy Time">Second Happy Time</a>", the German submarine commanders' name for <i>Operation PP</i> (Operation Drumbeat), the phase in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Battle of the Atlantic">Battle of the Atlantic</a> during which German submarines are successful in attacking Allied shipping along the <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="East Coast of the United States">East Coast of the United States</a>, opens early this morning when <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-123_(1940)" title="German submarine U-123 (1940)">German submarine <i>U-123</i></a> under the command of <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Hardegen" title="Reinhard Hardegen">Reinhard Hardegen</a> sinks a Norwegian tanker within sight of <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a>, before entering <a href="/wiki/New_York_Harbor" title="New York Harbor">New York Harbor</a> and sinking a British tanker off <a href="/wiki/Sandy_Hook,_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Sandy Hook, New Jersey">Sandy Hook</a> the following night, as she leaves heading south along the coast. U-boat successes continue until around June 12.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_R-4" title="Sikorsky R-4">Sikorsky R-4</a> first flies in the United States; it will become the first mass-produced <a href="/wiki/Helicopter" title="Helicopter">helicopter</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_16" title="January 16">January 16</a> – American film actress <a href="/wiki/Carole_Lombard" title="Carole Lombard">Carole Lombard</a> and her mother are among all 22 killed aboard <a href="/wiki/TWA_Flight_3" title="TWA Flight 3">TWA Flight 3</a> when the <a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-3" title="Douglas DC-3">Douglas DC-3</a> plane crashes into <a href="/wiki/Potosi_Mountain_(Nevada)" title="Potosi Mountain (Nevada)">Potosi Mountain</a> near <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas" title="Las Vegas">Las Vegas</a> while she is returning from a tour to promote the sale of war bonds.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_17" title="January 17">January 17</a> – WWII: South African forces of the British <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Army_(United_Kingdom)" title="Eighth Army (United Kingdom)">8th Army</a> conquer the <a href="/wiki/Halfaya_Pass" title="Halfaya Pass">Halfaya Pass</a> ("Hellfire Pass"). The Halfaya garrison of 4,200 men of the Italian <a href="/wiki/55th_Infantry_Division_%22Savona%22" title="55th Infantry Division "Savona"">55th Division "Savona"</a> and 2,100 Germans surrender.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_19" title="January 19">January 19</a> – WWII: <ul><li>Japanese forces invade <a href="/wiki/Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma">Burma</a>.</li> <li>The following Commands of the United States <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Air_Force" title="Eighth Air Force">Eighth Air Force</a> are established: VIII Bomber Command initially at <a href="/wiki/Langley_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Langley Field">Langley Field</a> in Virginia, and <a href="/wiki/VIII_Fighter_Command" title="VIII Fighter Command">VIII Fighter Command</a> at <a href="/wiki/Selfridge_Air_National_Guard_Base" title="Selfridge Air National Guard Base">Selfridge Field</a> in Michigan.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_20" title="January 20">January 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a>: <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazis</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wannsee_Conference" title="Wannsee Conference">Wannsee Conference</a> convened by <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Heydrich" title="Reinhard Heydrich">Reinhard Heydrich</a> in Berlin decide that the "<a href="/wiki/Final_Solution" title="Final Solution">Final Solution</a> (<i>Endlösung</i>) to the Jewish problem" is deportations to extermination camps.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_21" title="January 21">January 21</a> – WWII: <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Rommel" title="Erwin Rommel">Erwin Rommel</a> launches his new offensive in <a href="/wiki/Cyrenaica" title="Cyrenaica">Cyrenaica</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_23" title="January 23">January 23</a> – WWII: The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rabaul_(1942)" title="Battle of Rabaul (1942)">Battle of Rabaul</a> begins. Before dawn, 5,000 troops of Japan's elite <a href="/wiki/South_Seas_Detachment" title="South Seas Detachment">South Seas Detachment</a> storm ashore at <a href="/wiki/Rabaul" title="Rabaul">Rabaul</a> on the island of <a href="/wiki/New_Britain" title="New Britain">New Britain</a>. With control of the air and support from the guns of their own ships, the Japanese overwhelm the small Australian garrison: the majority are either killed or captured. This marks the start of the <a href="/wiki/New_Guinea_campaign" title="New Guinea campaign">New Guinea campaign</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_25" title="January 25">January 25</a> – WWII: <ul><li>German forces under Erwin Rommel of <a href="/wiki/Panzer_Army_Africa" title="Panzer Army Africa">Panzer Group Afrika</a> reaches <a href="/wiki/Msus" title="Msus">Msus</a>. General <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Reade_Godwin-Austen" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred Reade Godwin-Austen">Alfred Godwin-Austin</a> orders the <a href="/wiki/4th_Infantry_Division_(India)" title="4th Infantry Division (India)">4th Indian Division</a> from the British <a href="/wiki/XIII_Corps_(United_Kingdom)" title="XIII Corps (United Kingdom)">13th Corps</a> to evacuate <a href="/wiki/Benghazi" title="Benghazi">Benghazi</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> declares war on the United States and the United Kingdom.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_26" title="January 26">January 26</a> – WWII: The first American forces arrive in Europe, landing in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_31" title="January 31">January 31</a> – WWII: <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Malayan Campaign">Malayan Campaign</a>: The last organized Allied forces leave <a href="/wiki/British_Malaya" title="British Malaya">British Malaya</a>, ending the 54-day campaign, and the <a href="/wiki/Johor%E2%80%93Singapore_Causeway" title="Johor–Singapore Causeway">Johor–Singapore Causeway</a> is severed.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="February">February</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1942&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: February"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/February_1942" title="February 1942">February 1942</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_1" title="February 1">February 1</a> <ul><li>WWII: <a href="/wiki/Marshalls%E2%80%93Gilberts_raids" title="Marshalls–Gilberts raids">Marshalls–Gilberts raids</a>: Admiral <a href="/wiki/William_Halsey_Jr" class="mw-redirect" title="William Halsey Jr">William Halsey Jr</a> sends airstrikes from the carrier <a href="/wiki/USS_Enterprise_(CV-6)" title="USS Enterprise (CV-6)">USS <i>Enterprise</i></a> against <a href="/wiki/Kwajalein_Atoll" title="Kwajalein Atoll">Kwajalein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taroa_Island" title="Taroa Island">Taroa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wotje_Atoll" title="Wotje Atoll">Wotje</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a>. At the same time, cruisers and destroyers bombard Taroa and Wotje. The strikes inflict light to moderate damage on the three islands' naval garrisons, sink three warships and damage several others, including the light cruiser <a href="/wiki/Japanese_cruiser_Katori" title="Japanese cruiser Katori"><i>Katori</i></a> and damage 15 Japanese aircraft. Further south, the carrier <a href="/wiki/USS_Yorktown_(CV-5)" title="USS Yorktown (CV-5)">USS <i>Yorktown</i></a> attacks <a href="/wiki/Jaluit_Atoll" title="Jaluit Atoll">Jaluit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mili_Atoll" title="Mili Atoll">Mili</a> and <a href="/wiki/Butaritari" title="Butaritari">Makin</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Islands" title="Gilbert Islands">Gilbert Islands</a>. They inflict moderate damage to the Japanese naval installations and destroy three aircraft.</li> <li>WWII: The <i><a href="/wiki/Kriegsmarine" title="Kriegsmarine">Kriegsmarine</a></i> introduces the <a href="/wiki/Cryptanalysis_of_the_Enigma#M4_(German_Navy_4-rotor_Enigma)" title="Cryptanalysis of the Enigma">M4 (German Navy 4-rotor)</a> <a href="/wiki/Enigma_machine" title="Enigma machine">Enigma machine</a> for <a href="/wiki/U-boat" title="U-boat">U-boat</a> traffic, blinding Allied <a href="/wiki/Cryptanalyst" class="mw-redirect" title="Cryptanalyst">cryptanalysts</a> to their radio signals for most of the year.</li> <li>WWII: The Command staff of the United States <a href="/wiki/VIII_Bomber_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="VIII Bomber Command">Eighth Air Force</a> reaches England.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a> makes a speech on "Reform in Learning, the Party and Literature", starting the <a href="/wiki/Yan%27an_Rectification_Movement" title="Yan'an Rectification Movement">Yan'an Rectification Movement</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_3" title="February 3">February 3</a> – WWII: Rommel suspends his offensive in Cyrenaica.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_7" title="February 7">February 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/United_States_Maritime_Commission" title="United States Maritime Commission">United States Maritime Commission</a> fleet operations are transferred to the <a href="/wiki/War_Shipping_Administration" title="War Shipping Administration">War Shipping Administration</a> (lasting until <a href="/wiki/September_1" title="September 1">September 1</a>, <a href="/wiki/1946" title="1946">1946</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_8" title="February 8">February 8</a> <ul><li>WWII: <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Singapore" title="Fall of Singapore">Battle of Singapore</a>: Japanese forces of the <a href="/wiki/5th_Division_(Imperial_Japanese_Army)" title="5th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)">5th Division</a> and <a href="/wiki/18th_Division_(Imperial_Japanese_Army)" title="18th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)">18th Division</a> (some 23,000 men) begin to cross the <a href="/wiki/Straits_of_Johor" title="Straits of Johor">Johor Strait</a> and attack the Australian <a href="/wiki/22nd_Brigade_(Australia)" title="22nd Brigade (Australia)">22nd Brigade</a> (some 3,000 men) at <a href="/wiki/Singapore_in_the_Straits_Settlements" title="Singapore in the Straits Settlements">Singapore</a>.</li> <li>WWII: <a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">Daylight saving time</a> goes into effect in the United States.</li> <li>WWII: Top United States military leaders hold their first formal meeting to discuss American military strategy in the war.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_%C3%93scar_Carmona" class="mw-redirect" title="António Óscar Carmona">António Óscar Carmona</a> is elected president of Portugal.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_9" title="February 9">February 9</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Ocean_liner" title="Ocean liner">ocean liner</a> <a href="/wiki/SS_Normandie" title="SS Normandie">SS <i>Normandie</i></a> catches fire while being converted into the troopship USS <i>Lafayette</i> (AP-53) for WWII at Pier 88 in New York City; she capsizes early the following morning.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_11" title="February 11">February 11</a>–<a href="/wiki/February_13" title="February 13">13</a> – WWII: <a href="/wiki/Operation_Cerberus" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Cerberus">Operation Cerberus</a>: A <a href="/wiki/Kriegsmarine" title="Kriegsmarine">Kriegsmarine</a> (German navy) squadron comprising the <a href="/wiki/German_battleship_Scharnhorst" title="German battleship Scharnhorst"><i>Scharnhorst</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/German_battleship_Gneisenau" title="German battleship Gneisenau"><i>Gneisenau</i></a>, heavy cruiser <a href="/wiki/German_cruiser_Prinz_Eugen" title="German cruiser Prinz Eugen"><i>Prinz Eugen</i></a> and their escort, dash from <a href="/wiki/Brest,_France" title="Brest, France">Brest</a> through the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a> to German ports; the British fail to sink any of them.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_14" title="February 14">February 14</a>–<a href="/wiki/February_18" title="February 18">18</a> – WWII: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bilin_River" title="Battle of Bilin River">Battle of Bilin River</a>: Indian forces of the <a href="/wiki/17th_Infantry_Division_(India)" title="17th Infantry Division (India)">17th Division</a> under General <a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Smyth,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir John Smyth, 1st Baronet">John Snyth</a> are ordered to halt the Japanese advance but are outflanked and retreat to the <a href="/wiki/Sittaung_River" title="Sittaung River">Sittang River</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_14" title="February 14">February 14</a> – WWII: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Palembang" title="Battle of Palembang">Battle of Palembang</a>: Japanese paratroopers (240 men) are dropped near <a href="/wiki/Palembang" title="Palembang">Palembang</a>, and capture the oil refinery complex undamaged. Dutch forces counter-attack and manage to retake the complex but take heavy losses. A planned demolition fails to do any serious damage to the refinery, but the oil stores are set ablaze.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/SS_Vyner_Brooke" title="SS Vyner Brooke">SS <i>Vyner Brooke</i></a>, Scottish steamship, is bombed and sunk by Japanese planes while evacuating nurses and wounded servicemen from Singapore. Rescue boats with many survivors reach <a href="/wiki/Bangka_Island" title="Bangka Island">Bangka Island</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_15" title="February 15">February 15</a> – WWII: <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Singapore" title="Fall of Singapore">Fall of Singapore</a>: Commonwealth forces under General <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Percival" title="Arthur Percival">Arthur Percival</a> surrender to the Japanese <a href="/wiki/Twenty-Fifth_Army_(Japan)" title="Twenty-Fifth Army (Japan)">25th Army</a>. About 80,000 British, Indian, Australian, and local troops become prisoners of war, joining the 50,000 soldiers taken in the <a href="/wiki/Malayan_campaign" title="Malayan campaign">Malayan campaign</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_16" title="February 16">February 16</a> – WWII: <a href="/wiki/Bangka_Island_massacre" title="Bangka Island massacre">Bangka Island Massacre</a>: Japanese soldiers <a href="/wiki/Machine_gun" title="Machine gun">machine-gun</a> 22 <a href="/wiki/Australian_Army_Nursing_Service" title="Australian Army Nursing Service">Australian Army nurses</a> and 60 Australian and British soldiers and crew who have survived the sinking of SS <i>Vyner Brooke</i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_18" title="February 18">February 18</a> – WWII: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Singapore" title="Japanese occupation of Singapore">Japanese occupation of Singapore</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Sook_Ching" title="Sook Ching">Sook Ching</a></i> – Japanese forces begin the systematic extermination of perceived hostile elements among <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Singaporeans" title="Chinese Singaporeans">Chinese Singaporeans</a>.</li> <li>More than 200 American sailors die in <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland</a> when <a href="/wiki/USS_Truxtun_(DD-229)" title="USS Truxtun (DD-229)">USS <i>Truxtun</i></a> runs aground near Chambers Cove and <a href="/wiki/USS_Pollux_(AKS-2)" title="USS Pollux (AKS-2)">USS <i>Pollux</i></a> runs aground at Lawn Point.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_19" title="February 19">February 19</a> – WWII: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Darwin" title="Bombing of Darwin">Bombing of Darwin</a>: The Japanese <a href="/wiki/1st_Air_Fleet" title="1st Air Fleet">1st Air Fleet</a> under Admiral <a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%ABichi_Nagumo" title="Chūichi Nagumo">Chūichi Nagumo</a> bombs <a href="/wiki/Darwin,_Northern_Territory" title="Darwin, Northern Territory">Darwin</a>, Australia. This force comprises the aircraft carriers <a href="/wiki/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Akagi" title="Japanese aircraft carrier Akagi"><i>Akagi</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Kaga" title="Japanese aircraft carrier Kaga"><i>Kaga</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Hiry%C5%AB" title="Japanese aircraft carrier Hiryū"><i>Hiryū</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_S%C5%8Dry%C5%AB" title="Japanese aircraft carrier Sōryū"><i>Sōryū</i></a> and a powerful force of escorting surface ships. During the attack, 188 planes led by <a href="/wiki/Mitsuo_Fuchida" title="Mitsuo Fuchida">Mitsuo Fuchida</a> destroy 11 vessels and wreck a lot of the harbor infrastructure, killing some 240 people.</li> <li>A returning Japanese fighter plane crashes on <a href="/wiki/Melville_Island_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Melville Island (Australia)">Melville Island (Australia)</a> and its pilot, <a href="/wiki/Hajime_Toyoshima" title="Hajime Toyoshima">Hajime Toyoshima</a>, becomes the first Japanese captured on Australian soil, when <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australians" title="Indigenous Australians">indigenous resident</a> <a href="/wiki/Matthias_Ulungura" title="Matthias Ulungura">Matthias Ulungura</a> takes him prisoner.</li> <li>President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> signs <a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_9066" title="Executive Order 9066">Executive Order 9066</a>, allowing the United States military to define areas as exclusionary zones. These zones affect the <a href="/wiki/Internment_of_Japanese_Americans" title="Internment of Japanese Americans">Japanese</a> on the West Coast, and <a href="/wiki/Internment_of_German_Americans" title="Internment of German Americans">Germans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Internment_of_Italian_Americans" title="Internment of Italian Americans">Italians</a> primarily on the East Coast.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_19" title="February 19">February 19</a>–<a href="/wiki/February_23" title="February 23">23</a> – WWII: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sittang_Bridge" title="Battle of Sittang Bridge">Battle of Sittang Bridge</a>: Indian forces of the 17th Division are ordered to defend the Sittang Bridge, but eventually blow up the bridge to halt the Japanese advance to <a href="/wiki/Yangon" title="Yangon">Rangoon</a>. Survivors of the 17th Division (some 3.500 soldiers) swim and ferry themselves over the Sittang River.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_20" title="February 20">February 20</a> – Lieutenant <a href="/wiki/Edward_O%27Hare" title="Edward O'Hare">Edward O'Hare</a> becomes America's first U.S. Navy <a href="/wiki/Flying_ace" title="Flying ace">flying ace</a> of the war.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_21" title="February 21">February 21</a> – WWII: <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Sumatra" title="Invasion of Sumatra">Invasion of Sumatra</a>: Japanese forces of the <a href="/wiki/38th_Division_(Imperial_Japanese_Army)" title="38th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)">38th Division</a> under General <a href="/wiki/Tadayoshi_Sano" title="Tadayoshi Sano">Tadayoshi Sano</a> capture <a href="/wiki/Bandar_Lampung" title="Bandar Lampung">Tanjungkarang</a> airfield, which is put to work for air operations against <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_22" title="February 22">February 22</a> – WWII: General <a href="/wiki/George_Marshall" class="mw-redirect" title="George Marshall">George Marshall</a> transmits a direct order to <a href="/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur" title="Douglas MacArthur">General MacArthur</a> in <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">President Roosevelt</a>'s name, ordering MacArthur himself to turn over command of the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> to a subordinate, and report to Australia to assume command of the large American force being built up there. The orders are worded to allow MacArthur to choose the exact moment of his <a href="/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur%27s_escape_from_the_Philippines" title="Douglas MacArthur's escape from the Philippines">departure</a>; for various reasons, he will not leave until March 11.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_23" title="February 23">February 23</a> – WWII: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_I-17" title="Japanese submarine I-17"><i>I-17</i></a> fires 17 high-explosive shells toward an <a href="/wiki/Oil_refinery" title="Oil refinery">oil refinery</a> near <a href="/wiki/Santa_Barbara,_California" title="Santa Barbara, California">Santa Barbara, California</a>, causing little damage.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_24" title="February 24">February 24</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Struma_disaster" title="Struma disaster"><i> Struma</i> disaster</a>: <a href="/wiki/MV_Struma" title="MV Struma">MV <i>Struma</i></a>, carrying Jewish refugees from Axis-allied Romania to British-administered Palestine, is torpedoed and sunk by <a href="/wiki/Soviet_submarine_Shch-213" title="Soviet submarine Shch-213"><i>Shch-213</i></a>, killing about 791 men, women, and children, with only 1 survivor.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">Propaganda</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Voice_of_America" title="Voice of America">Voice of America</a> begins broadcasting.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internment_of_Japanese_Canadians" title="Internment of Japanese Canadians">Internment of Japanese Canadians</a> is ordered.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_25" title="February 25">February 25</a> – "<a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Los_Angeles" title="Battle of Los Angeles">Battle of Los Angeles</a>": Over 1,400 AA shells are fired at an unidentified, slow-moving object (probably a meteorological balloon) in the skies over Los Angeles. The appearance of the object triggers an immediate wartime blackout over most of <a href="/wiki/Southern_California" title="Southern California">Southern California</a>, with thousands of air raid wardens being deployed throughout the city. At least 5 deaths are related to the incident. Despite the several-hour barrages no planes are downed.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_26" title="February 26">February 26</a> – The <a href="/wiki/14th_Academy_Awards" title="14th Academy Awards">14th Academy Awards</a> ceremony is held in Los Angeles; <i><a href="/wiki/How_Green_Was_My_Valley_(film)" title="How Green Was My Valley (film)">How Green Was My Valley</a></i> wins <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Picture" title="Academy Award for Best Picture">Best Picture</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_27" title="February 27">February 27</a> – WWII: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Java_Sea" title="Battle of the Java Sea">Battle of the Java Sea</a>: An allied (<a href="/wiki/ABDA" class="mw-redirect" title="ABDA">ABDA</a>) task force of 14 vessels under <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Dutch</a> command, trying to stem a Japanese invasion of the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a>, is defeated by a 19-vessel Japanese task force in the <a href="/wiki/Java_Sea" title="Java Sea">Java Sea</a>; 2.300 sailors die, including the commander, Admiral <a href="/wiki/Karel_Doorman" title="Karel Doorman">Karel Doorman</a>; Japanese attain naval hegemony in East-Asia.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/USS_Langley_(CV-1)" title="USS Langley (CV-1)">USS <i>Langley</i></a>, first aircraft carrier of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a>, is attacked by 9 Japanese bombers while ferrying a cargo of USAAF <a href="/wiki/Curtiss_P-40_Warhawk" title="Curtiss P-40 Warhawk">P-40</a> fighters to Java. <i>Langley</i> is so badly damaged that she has to be <a href="/wiki/Scuttling" title="Scuttling">scuttled</a> to avoid falling into Japanese hands.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="March">March</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1942&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: March"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/March_1942" title="March 1942">March 1942</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_1" title="March 1">March 1</a> – WWII: Japanese forces of the <a href="/wiki/2nd_Division_(Imperial_Japanese_Army)" title="2nd Division (Imperial Japanese Army)">2nd Division</a> land in <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Merak" title="Port of Merak">Port of Merak</a> on western <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a> with the intention to advance on <a href="/wiki/Batavia,_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Batavia, Dutch East Indies">Batavia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_4" title="March 4">March 4</a> – WWII: <a href="/wiki/Operation_K" title="Operation K">Operation K</a>: The Japanese launch an unsuccessful attack carried out by two <a href="/wiki/Kawanishi_H8K" title="Kawanishi H8K">Kawanishi H8K</a> ("Emily") flying boats at <a href="/wiki/Pearl_Harbor" title="Pearl Harbor">Pearl Harbor</a>. This is the longest distance ever undertaken by a two-plane bombing mission, and one of the longest bombing sorties ever planned without fighter escort.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_5" title="March 5">March 5</a> – WWII: Japanese forces of the <a href="/wiki/Sixteenth_Army_(Japan)" title="Sixteenth Army (Japan)">16th Army</a> under General <a href="/wiki/Hitoshi_Imamura" title="Hitoshi Imamura">Hitoshi Imamura</a> enter triumphantly the Dutch colonial capital of Batavia without opposition.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_6" title="March 6">March 6</a> – WWII: <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Yugoslav Partisans</a>, operating in <a href="/wiki/Nazi-occupied_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi-occupied Serbia">Nazi-occupied Serbia</a>, assassinate Đorđe Kosmajac in <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_8" title="March 8">March 8</a>–<a href="/wiki/March_13" title="March 13">13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Salamaua%E2%80%93Lae" title="Invasion of Salamaua–Lae">Invasion of Salamaua–Lae</a>: Japanese forces invade and occupy the <a href="/wiki/Salamaua" title="Salamaua">Salamaua</a>–<a href="/wiki/Lae" title="Lae">Lae</a> area in the <a href="/wiki/Territory_of_New_Guinea" title="Territory of New Guinea">Territory of New Guinea</a> to establish an air base for the support of further operations in the region. A small Australian garrison (some 200 men) in the area withdraws to <a href="/wiki/Wau,_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Wau, Papua New Guinea">Wau</a> after executing demolition operations to prevent the use of their facilities for the invaders. In response to the Japanese landings, <a href="/wiki/Task_Force_17" title="Task Force 17">Task Force 17</a> with aircraft carriers <a href="/wiki/USS_Lexington_(CV-2)" title="USS Lexington (CV-2)"><i>Lexington</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/USS_Yorktown_(CV-5)" title="USS Yorktown (CV-5)"><i>Yorktown</i></a> led by Admiral <a href="/wiki/Wilson_Brown_(admiral)" title="Wilson Brown (admiral)">Wilson Brown</a>, attacks the invading naval forces and destroys three transports, and damages the cruiser <a href="/wiki/Japanese_cruiser_Y%C5%ABbari" title="Japanese cruiser Yūbari"><i>Yūbari</i></a> and several other ships.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_8" title="March 8">March 8</a> – WWII: Japanese forces of the <a href="/wiki/33rd_Division_(Imperial_Japanese_Army)" title="33rd Division (Imperial Japanese Army)">33rd Division</a> under General <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dz%C5%8D_Sakurai" title="Shōzō Sakurai">Shōzō Sakurai</a> capture <a href="/wiki/Yangon" title="Yangon">Rangoon</a>. The Allies manage to escape and try to make a stand in central <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Burma</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_9" title="March 9">March 9</a> – WWII: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Executive_order" title="Executive order">Executive order</a> 9082 (February 28, 1942) comes into effect, reorganizing the United States Army into three major commands: <a href="/wiki/Army_Ground_Forces" title="Army Ground Forces">Army Ground Forces</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="United States Army Air Forces">Army Air Forces</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Services_of_Supply" class="mw-redirect" title="Services of Supply">Services of Supply</a>, later redesignated <a href="/wiki/Army_Service_Forces" title="Army Service Forces">Army Service Forces</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Henry_H._Arnold" title="Henry H. Arnold">Henry H. Arnold</a> as Commanding General of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="United States Army Air Forces">United States Army Air Forces</a>.</li> <li>The Dutch Commander-in-Chief of the Allied forces on Java, General <a href="/wiki/Hein_ter_Poorten" title="Hein ter Poorten">Ter Poorten</a>, surrenders to the Japanese. Ter Poorten's surrender announcement is made without consulting the commanders of the British and US forces, who want to continue the war.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_11" title="March 11">March 11</a> – WWII: <a href="/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur%27s_escape_from_the_Philippines" title="Douglas MacArthur's escape from the Philippines">Douglas MacArthur's escape from the Philippines</a> – U.S. General <a href="/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur" title="Douglas MacArthur">Douglas MacArthur</a>, his family and key members of his staff are evacuated by <a href="/wiki/PT_boat" title="PT boat">PT boat</a>, under cover of evening darkness, from <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Corregidor" title="Battle of Corregidor">Corregidor</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>. Command of U.S. forces in the Philippines passes to <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_M._Wainwright_(general)" title="Jonathan M. Wainwright (general)">Major General Jonathan M. Wainwright</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_12" title="March 12">March 12</a> – WWII: American troops land at <a href="/wiki/Noum%C3%A9a" title="Nouméa">Nouméa</a> on <a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a> to build a base and garrison the island. This landing includes the first <a href="/wiki/Seabees_in_World_War_II" title="Seabees in World War II">Seabees</a> that are out on active service. The Seabees are Naval Construction battalions, and their name comes from the C and B in construction battalion.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_15" title="March 15">March 15</a> – WWII: <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCnam%C3%BCnde_Action" title="Dünamünde Action">Dünamünde Action</a>: 1,900 central European Jews are shot dead north east of <a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a>, 1,840 are killed on the 26th.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_16" title="March 16">March 16</a> – WWII: New Zealand and Australia declare war on <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_17" title="March 17">March 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a>: <a href="/wiki/Operation_Reinhard" title="Operation Reinhard">Operation Reinhard</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi German</a> <a href="/wiki/Be%C5%82%C5%BCec_extermination_camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Bełżec extermination camp">Bełżec extermination camp</a> opens in <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Poland_(1939%E2%80%9345)" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupation of Poland (1939–45)">occupied Poland</a>, about 1 km south of the railroad station at <a href="/wiki/Be%C5%82%C5%BCec_extermination_camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Bełżec extermination camp">Bełżec</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Lublin" title="Lublin">Lublin</a> district of the <a href="/wiki/General_Government" title="General Government">General Government</a>. At least 434,508 people are killed here up to December 1942.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_18" title="March 18">March 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a>, President of the United States, signs <a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_9102" title="Executive Order 9102">Executive Order 9102</a>, creating the <a href="/wiki/War_Relocation_Authority" title="War Relocation Authority">War Relocation Authority</a> (WRA), which becomes responsible for the internment of Americans of Japanese and, to a lesser extent, German and Italian descent, many of them legal citizens.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_19" title="March 19">March 19</a>–<a href="/wiki/March_30" title="March 30">30</a> – WWII: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Toungoo" title="Battle of Toungoo">Battle of Toungoo</a>: Chinese forces under General <a href="/wiki/Dai_Anlan" title="Dai Anlan">Dai Anlan</a> set up a perimeter around <a href="/wiki/Taungoo" title="Taungoo">Taungoo</a>. The Japanese <a href="/wiki/55th_Division_(Imperial_Japanese_Army)" title="55th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)">55th Division</a> bombards the positions on the west bank of the <a href="/wiki/Sittaung_River" title="Sittaung River">Sittaung River</a> with artillery. The Japanese <a href="/wiki/56th_Division_(Imperial_Japanese_Army)" title="56th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)">56th Division</a> links up with the 55th and crosses the river. Taungoo is surrounded and finally taken, while the remnants of the Chinese <a href="/wiki/200th_Division_(National_Revolutionary_Army)" title="200th Division (National Revolutionary Army)">200th Division</a> withdraws to new defensive positions at <a href="/wiki/Yedashe" title="Yedashe">Yedashe</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_20" title="March 20">March 20</a> – WWII: After being forced to flee the Philippines, U.S. General <a href="/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur" title="Douglas MacArthur">Douglas MacArthur</a> announces (in <a href="/wiki/Terowie,_South_Australia" title="Terowie, South Australia">Terowie, South Australia</a>), "I came through and I shall return."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_22" title="March 22">March 22</a> – WWII: <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Sirte" title="Second Battle of Sirte">Second Battle of Sirte</a>: Escorting warships of a British convoy to <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> ward off a much more powerful <i><a href="/wiki/Regia_Marina" title="Regia Marina">Regia Marina</a></i> (Italian Navy) squadron, north of the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Sirte" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulf of Sirte">Gulf of Sirte</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_23" title="March 23">March 23</a> – WWII: The Germans burn down the Ukrainian village of Yelino (<a href="/wiki/Koriukivka_Raion" title="Koriukivka Raion">Koriukivka Raion</a>), killing 296 civilians.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_24" title="March 24">March 24</a> – The evacuation of Polish nationals from the Soviet Union begins. It is conducted in two phases: until April 5; and between August 10 and 30, 1942, by sea from Krasnovodsk to Pahlavi (Anzali), and (to a lesser extent) overland from Ashkabad to Mashhad. In all, 115,000 people are evacuated, 37,000 of them civilians, 18,000 children (7% of the number of Polish citizens originally exiled to the Soviet Union).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_25" title="March 25">March 25</a>–<a href="/wiki/March_26" title="March 26">26</a> – The Holocaust: <a href="/wiki/First_mass_transport_of_Jews_to_Auschwitz_concentration_camp" title="First mass transport of Jews to Auschwitz concentration camp">First mass transport of Jews to Auschwitz concentration camp</a>, 997 women and girls from <a href="/wiki/Poprad" title="Poprad">Poprad</a> transit camp in the <a href="/wiki/Slovak_Republic_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Slovak Republic (1939–1945)">Slovak Republic</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_28" title="March 28">March 28</a> – WWII: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St_Nazaire_Raid" title="St Nazaire Raid">St Nazaire Raid</a> (Operation Chariot) – British Commandos raid <a href="/wiki/Saint-Nazaire" title="Saint-Nazaire">Saint-Nazaire</a> on the coast of Western France, to put its dockyard facilities out of action.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_L%C3%BCbeck_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Lübeck in World War II">Bombing of Lübeck in World War II</a>: <a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Church,_L%C3%BCbeck" title="St. Mary's Church, Lübeck">St. Mary's Church, Lübeck</a> is destroyed by an Allied bombing raid.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_29" title="March 29">March 29</a> – WWII: Following a coup d'état, the Free Republic of Nias is proclaimed by a group of freed Nazi German prisoners in the Indonesian island of <a href="/wiki/Nias" title="Nias">Nias</a>; the republic exists for less than a month until the island is fully occupied by Japanese troops.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_31" title="March 31">March 31</a> – WWII: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Christmas_Island" title="Battle of Christmas Island">Battle of Christmas Island</a> – Japanese troops occupy <a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island" title="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a> without resistance, following a mutiny by <a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Army" title="British Indian Army">British Indian Army</a> troops against their British officers.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April">April</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1942&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: April"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/April_1942" title="April 1942">April 1942</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April" title="April">April</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a>: the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi German</a> <a href="/wiki/Extermination_camp" title="Extermination camp">extermination camp</a> <a href="/wiki/Sobib%C3%B3r_extermination_camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Sobibór extermination camp">Sobibór</a> opens in <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Poland_(1939%E2%80%9345)" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupation of Poland (1939–45)">occupied Poland</a>, on the outskirts of the town of <a href="/wiki/Sobib%C3%B3r,_Lublin_Voivodeship" class="mw-redirect" title="Sobibór, Lublin Voivodeship">Sobibór</a>. Between April 1942 and October 1943, at least 160,000 people are killed here.</li> <li>77 <a href="/wiki/Uzbeks" title="Uzbeks">Uzbek</a> prisoners of war held at <a href="/wiki/Amersfoort_concentration_camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Amersfoort concentration camp">Amersfoort concentration camp</a> in the occupied Netherlands are shot by Nazi German guards, 24 of their compatriots having previously died there as a result of forced starvation.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_3" title="April 3">April 3</a> – WWII: Japanese forces begin the last phase of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bataan" title="Battle of Bataan">Battle of Bataan</a>, an all-out assault on the United States and <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Filipino</a> troops on the <a href="/wiki/Bataan_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Bataan Peninsula">Bataan Peninsula</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_5" title="April 5">April 5</a> – WWII: <a href="/wiki/Easter_Sunday_Raid" title="Easter Sunday Raid">Easter Sunday Raid</a> – Aircraft of the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy" title="Imperial Japanese Navy">Imperial Japanese Navy</a> attack <a href="/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo">Colombo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ceylon" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceylon">Ceylon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>). <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> <a href="/wiki/Cruisers" class="mw-redirect" title="Cruisers">cruisers</a> <a href="/wiki/HMS_Cornwall_(56)" title="HMS Cornwall (56)">HMS <i>Cornwall</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/HMS_Dorsetshire_(40)" title="HMS Dorsetshire (40)">HMS <i>Dorsetshire</i></a> are sunk southwest of the island.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_9" title="April 9">April 9</a> – WWII: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bataan" title="Battle of Bataan">Battle of Bataan</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Bataan" title="Bataan">Bataan</a> Peninsula falls, American and Filipino forces (some 75,000 soldiers) surrender to the Japanese <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Fourteenth_Area_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Fourteenth Area Army">14th Army</a> under General <a href="/wiki/Masaharu_Homma" title="Masaharu Homma">Masaharu Homma</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bataan_Death_March" title="Bataan Death March">Bataan Death March</a>: American and Filipino prisoners of war are forced to march from <a href="/wiki/San_Fernando,_Pampanga" title="San Fernando, Pampanga">San Fernando</a> to <a href="/wiki/Capas" title="Capas">Capas</a> (some 65 miles). During the march some 15,000 soldiers are killed by severe <a href="/wiki/Physical_abuse" title="Physical abuse">physical abuse</a> and wanton killings.</li> <li>The Japanese Navy launches an air raid on <a href="/wiki/Trincomalee" title="Trincomalee">Trincomalee</a> in Ceylon (Sri Lanka); the Royal Navy aircraft carrier <a href="/wiki/HMS_Hermes_(95)" title="HMS Hermes (95)">HMS <i>Hermes</i> (95)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_Navy" title="Royal Australian Navy">Royal Australian Navy</a> destroyer <a href="/wiki/HMAS_Vampire_(D68)" title="HMAS Vampire (D68)">HMAS <i>Vampire</i></a> are sunk off the country's east coast.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_10" title="April 10">April 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a>: Construction of the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi German</a> <a href="/wiki/Extermination_camp" title="Extermination camp">extermination camp</a> <a href="/wiki/Treblinka_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Treblinka II">Treblinka II</a> commences in <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Poland_(1939%E2%80%9345)" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupation of Poland (1939–45)">occupied Poland</a> near the village of <a href="/wiki/Treblinka,_Masovian_Voivodeship" title="Treblinka, Masovian Voivodeship">Treblinka</a>. Between July 23, 1942, and October 1943, around 850,000 people are killed here,<sup id="cite_ref-Generalgouvernement,_2004,_pp._257–281_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Generalgouvernement,_2004,_pp._257–281-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> more than 800,000 of whom are Jews.<sup id="cite_ref-CGH_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CGH-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_13" title="April 13">April 13</a> <ul><li>WWII: Japanese forces of the <a href="/wiki/56th_Division_(Imperial_Japanese_Army)" title="56th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)">56th Division</a> under General <a href="/wiki/Masao_Watanabe" title="Masao Watanabe">Masao Watanabe</a> cross the <a href="/wiki/Sittaung_River" title="Sittaung River">Sittang River</a> and defeat the Chinese 6th Corps in the <a href="/wiki/Karen_Hills" title="Karen Hills">Karen Hills</a> area battles of <a href="/wiki/Mawchi" title="Mawchi">Mawchi</a>.</li> <li>The United States <a href="/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">Federal Communications Commission</a>'s minimum programming time required of television stations is cut from 15 hours to 4 hours a week during the war.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_14" title="April 14">April 14</a> <ul><li>WWII: British submarine <a href="/wiki/HMS_Upholder_(P37)" title="HMS Upholder (P37)">HMS <i>Upholder</i></a> is probably sunk by Axis forces in the Mediterranean.</li> <li>WWII: <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-85_(1941)" title="German submarine U-85 (1941)">German submarine <i>U-85</i></a> is sunk by <a href="/wiki/USS_Roper" title="USS Roper">USS <i>Roper</i></a> off <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_15" title="April 15">April 15</a> – WWII: <a href="/wiki/Award_of_the_George_Cross_to_Malta" title="Award of the George Cross to Malta">Award of the George Cross to Malta</a>: King <a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">George VI</a> awards the <a href="/wiki/George_Cross" title="George Cross">George Cross</a> to the island of <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> to mark the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Malta_(World_War_II)" title="Siege of Malta (World War II)">Siege of Malta</a>, saying, "To honor her brave people I award the George Cross to the Island Fortress of Malta, to bear witness to a heroism and a devotion that will long be famous in history" (from January 1 to July 24, there is only one 24-hour period during which no bombs fall on this tiny island).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_17" title="April 17">April 17</a> – WWII: <a href="/wiki/Henri_Giraud" title="Henri Giraud">Henri Giraud</a>, French general captured in 1940, escapes from <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigstein_Fortress" title="Königstein Fortress">Königstein Fortress</a> near <a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a>. He lowers himself down the cliffside fortress with a 50-meter 'rope' he made with odds and ends smuggled in to him. After traveling for three days, Giraud safely reaches the Swiss border.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_18" title="April 18">April 18</a> – WWII: <a href="/wiki/Doolittle_Raid" title="Doolittle Raid">Doolittle Raid</a>: Lieutenant Colonel <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Doolittle" title="Jimmy Doolittle">James "Jimmy" Doolittle</a> leads a bombing mission against <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, along with 79 airmen of the US. Air force, flying 16 <a href="/wiki/B-25_Mitchell" class="mw-redirect" title="B-25 Mitchell">B-25 Mitchell</a> land-based bombers. They take off from the <a href="/wiki/USS_Hornet_(CV-8)" title="USS Hornet (CV-8)">USS <i>Hornet</i></a> in the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a>, some 700 miles (1,126 km) east of <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>. Thirteen of the B-25 bombers fly over Tokyo and drop their bombs on oil storage facilities, factories and military targets. The other three B-25s drop their bombs over <a href="/wiki/Yokohama" title="Yokohama">Yokohama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nagoya" title="Nagoya">Nagoya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kobe" title="Kobe">Kobe</a>. All but one of the B-25s run out of fuel before reaching friendly forces in western <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> and are forced to land in Japanese-occupied China. With the support of Chinese farmers, 71 airmen reach free China. Eight airmen are captured by the Japanese – who execute four of them in retaliation for the raid.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_20" title="April 20">April 20</a> – WWII: <a href="/wiki/Operation_Calendar" title="Operation Calendar">Operation Calendar</a>: The American aircraft carrier <a href="/wiki/USS_Wasp_(CV-7)" title="USS Wasp (CV-7)">USS <i>Wasp</i></a>, escorted by the British battlecruiser <a href="/wiki/HMS_Renown_(1916)" title="HMS Renown (1916)">HMS <i>Renown</i></a>, two cruisers and six destroyers, brings 47 planes (<a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfires" class="mw-redirect" title="Supermarine Spitfires">Spitfires</a>) to <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a>. They are successfully delivered – but 30 of them are immediately destroyed on the ground by German bombers. Within 48 hours all planes are destroyed.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_23" title="April 23">April 23</a> <ul><li>WWII: <a href="/wiki/Exeter" title="Exeter">Exeter</a> becomes the first historic English city bombed as part of the <a href="/wiki/Baedeker_Blitz" title="Baedeker Blitz">Baedeker Blitz</a>, in retaliation for the British <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_L%C3%BCbeck_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Lübeck in World War II">bombing of Lübeck</a>.</li> <li>Exeter-born <a href="/wiki/William_Temple_(bishop)" title="William Temple (bishop)">William Temple</a> is enthroned as <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_25" title="April 25">April 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Princess Elizabeth</a> registers for war service in the U.K.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_26" title="April 26">April 26</a> <ul><li>WWII: The <a href="/wiki/Reichstag_(Nazi_Germany)" title="Reichstag (Nazi Germany)">Reichstag</a> meets for the last time, dissolving itself and proclaiming <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> the "Supreme Judge of the German People", granting him the power of life and death over every German citizen.</li> <li>A gas and coal dust explosion at <a href="/wiki/Benxihu_Colliery" title="Benxihu Colliery">Benxihu Colliery</a> in <a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a> kills as many as 1,549 workers, the world's all-time worst mining disaster.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_27" title="April 27">April 27</a> <ul><li>WWII: A <a href="/wiki/Conscription_Crisis_of_1944" title="Conscription Crisis of 1944">national plebiscite</a> is held in Canada on the issue of <a href="/wiki/Conscription" title="Conscription">conscription</a>.</li> <li>The Jewish <a href="/wiki/Star_of_David" title="Star of David">Star of David</a> is required wearing for all Jews in the Netherlands and Belgium; Jews in other Nazi-controlled countries have already been wearing it.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_29" title="April 29">April 29</a> – WWII: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burma_campaign" title="Burma campaign">Burma campaign</a>: Japanese forces of the <a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_Army_(Japan)" title="Fifteenth Army (Japan)">15 Army</a> under General <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Djir%C5%8D_Iida" title="Shōjirō Iida">Shōjirō Iida</a> capture <a href="/wiki/Lashio" title="Lashio">Lashio</a>. The allies are in full retreat.</li> <li>An explosion at a chemical factory in <a href="/wiki/Tessenderlo" title="Tessenderlo">Tessenderlo</a>, Belgium leaves 200 dead and 1,000 injured.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="May">May</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1942&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: May"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/May_1942" title="May 1942">May 1942</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May" title="May">May</a> – <a href="/wiki/Operation_Pluto" title="Operation Pluto">Operation Pluto</a>: The plan to construct oil pipelines under the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a>, between England and France, is tested in the <a href="/wiki/River_Medway" title="River Medway">River Medway</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_3" title="May 3">May 3</a>–<a href="/wiki/May_4" title="May 4">4</a> – WWII: <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Tulagi_(May_1942)" title="Invasion of Tulagi (May 1942)">Tulagi is invaded</a> by Japanese forces in the <a href="/wiki/British_Solomon_Islands" title="British Solomon Islands">British Solomon Islands</a> of the South Pacific, as part of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Mo" title="Operation Mo">Operation Mo</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_5" title="May 5">May 5</a> – WWII: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Madagascar" title="Battle of Madagascar">Battle of Madagascar</a> (Operation Ironclad) begins when British forces land on the <a href="/wiki/Vichy_French" class="mw-redirect" title="Vichy French">Vichy French</a> colony of <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a>. On May 7 the northern city of <a href="/wiki/Diego-Suarez" class="mw-redirect" title="Diego-Suarez">Diego Suarez</a> surrenders.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_7" title="May 7">May 7</a> – WWII: On <a href="/wiki/Corregidor" title="Corregidor">Corregidor</a>, the last American and <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Filipino</a> forces in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> under command of 2LT Robert L. Obourn (<a href="/wiki/92nd_Coast_Artillery_(United_States)" title="92nd Coast Artillery (United States)">92nd Coast Artillery Regiment</a>, G Battery) from <a href="/wiki/Fort_Mills" title="Fort Mills">Fort Mills</a>, surrender to the Japanese as directed by Lt. Gen. <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_M._Wainwright_(general)" title="Jonathan M. Wainwright (general)">Jonathan M. Wainwright</a>, the overall commander.<sup id="cite_ref-ref1_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_8" title="May 8">May 8</a> – WWII: <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Kerch_Peninsula" title="Battle of the Kerch Peninsula">Battle of the Kerch Peninsula</a>: The German <a href="/wiki/11th_Army_(Wehrmacht)" title="11th Army (Wehrmacht)">11th Army</a> with Romanian forces launches <i>Unternehmen Trappenjagd</i> (Operation Bustard Hunt) and destroys the <a href="/wiki/Bridgehead" title="Bridgehead">bridgehead</a> of the three Soviet Armies (44th, 47th, and 51st) defending the <a href="/wiki/Kerch_Peninsula" title="Kerch Peninsula">Kerch Peninsula</a> in the eastern part of the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Front" title="Crimean Front">Crimean Front</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The battle ends in an Axis victory.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Coral_Sea" title="Battle of the Coral Sea">Battle of the Coral Sea</a> between Japanese and American/Australian fleets, the first battle in naval history where the opponents fight without seeing each other's fleets. The Japanese achieve a tactical victory in terms of tonnage lost (including aircraft carrier <a href="/wiki/USS_Lexington_(CV-2)" title="USS Lexington (CV-2)">USS <i>Lexington</i></a>) but are prevented from invading <a href="/wiki/Port_Moresby" title="Port Moresby">Port Moresby</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_8" title="May 8">May 8</a>–<a href="/wiki/May_9" title="May 9">9</a> – WWII: At night, gunners of the <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Artillery" title="Sri Lanka Artillery">Ceylon Garrison Artillery</a> on <a href="/wiki/Horsburgh_Island" title="Horsburgh Island">Horsburgh Island</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos Islands</a> revolt. The mutiny is crushed, and 3 soldiers are executed (the only British Commonwealth soldiers to be executed for mutiny).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_9" title="May 9">May 9</a> – WWII: <a href="/wiki/Operation_Bowery" title="Operation Bowery">Operation Bowery</a>: Aircraft carriers <a href="/wiki/USS_Wasp_(CV-7)" title="USS Wasp (CV-7)">USS <i>Wasp</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/HMS_Eagle_(1918)" title="HMS Eagle (1918)">HMS <i>Eagle</i></a> bring 61 Spitfires to Malta (<a href="/wiki/Club_Run" title="Club Run">"Club Runs"</a>). The fighter aircraft are desperately needed to bolster the island's defense against German <a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a> air raids.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_12" title="May 12">May 12</a> – WWII: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Kharkiv" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Battle of Kharkiv">Second Battle of Kharkov</a>: In the eastern <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> Army initiates a major offensive to capture the city of <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv">Kharkov</a> from the German Army, only to be encircled and destroyed.</li> <li>Japanese minelayer <a href="/wiki/Japanese_minelayer_Okinoshima" title="Japanese minelayer Okinoshima"><i>Okinoshima</i></a> is sunk by American submarine <a href="/wiki/USS_S-42" title="USS S-42">USS <i>S-42</i></a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_15" title="May 15">May 15</a> – WWII: In the United States, a bill creating the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Army_Corps" title="Women's Army Corps">Women's Auxiliary Army Corps</a> (WAAC) is signed into law.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_20" title="May 20">May 20</a> – The first African-American seamen are taken into the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_21" title="May 21">May 21</a> – WWII: Mexico declares war against <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>, after the sinking of the Mexican tanker <i><a href="/wiki/Faja_de_Oro" class="mw-redirect" title="Faja de Oro">Faja de Oro</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-160_(1941)" title="German submarine U-160 (1941)">German submarine <i>U-160</i></a> off <a href="/wiki/Key_West" title="Key West">Key West</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_23" title="May 23">May 23</a> – WWII: German forces of the <a href="/wiki/6th_Army_(Wehrmacht)" title="6th Army (Wehrmacht)">6th Army</a> under General <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Paulus" title="Friedrich Paulus">Friedrich Paulus</a> and the <a href="/wiki/1st_Panzer_Army" title="1st Panzer Army">1st Panzer Army</a> led by General <a href="/wiki/Paul_Ludwig_Ewald_von_Kleist" title="Paul Ludwig Ewald von Kleist">Ewald von Kleist</a> meet up at <a href="/wiki/Balakliia" title="Balakliia">Balakleya</a>, southeast of Kharkov, and encircle most of the Soviet 6th and 9th armies, capturing a 250,000-strong Soviet force inside the pocket.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_26" title="May 26">May 26</a> – WWII: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gazala" title="Battle of Gazala">Battle of Gazala</a>: German forces of <a href="/wiki/Panzer_Army_Africa" title="Panzer Army Africa">Panzer Army Africa</a> led by General Erwin Rommel launch a frontal attack on the central <a href="/wiki/Gazala" title="Gazala">Gazala</a> positions. During the day, the bulk of Rommel's forces move forward, giving the British the impression that this is the main Axis assault. When night falls, the armoured formations turn south in a sweeping move around the southern end of the Gazala line.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bir_Hakeim" title="Battle of Bir Hakeim">Battle of Bir Hakeim</a>: The Free French and British troops slow the German advance in North Africa.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Soviet_Treaty_of_1942" title="Anglo-Soviet Treaty of 1942">Anglo-Soviet Treaty of 1942</a>, to help establish a military and political alliance between the <a href="/wiki/USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="USSR">USSR</a> and the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>, is signed in London by foreign Secretary <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Eden" title="Anthony Eden">Anthony Eden</a> and Soviet foreign minister <a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Molotov" title="Vyacheslav Molotov">Vyacheslav Molotov</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_27" title="May 27">May 27</a> – WWII: <a href="/wiki/Operation_Anthropoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Anthropoid">Operation Anthropoid</a>: Czech paratroopers attempt to assassinate <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Heydrich" title="Reinhard Heydrich">Reinhard Heydrich</a>, acting <i>Reichsprotektor</i> of the Nazi <a href="/wiki/Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia" title="Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia">Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a>, and succeed in wounding him.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_29" title="May 29">May 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thai_spelling_reform_of_1942" title="Thai spelling reform of 1942">Thai spelling reform of 1942</a> is initiated by the government of Prime Minister Field Marshal <a href="/wiki/Plaek_Phibunsongkhram" title="Plaek Phibunsongkhram">Plaek Phibunsongkhram</a> with his office announcing a simplification of the Thai alphabet. The announcement is published in the Royal Gazette on June 1. The reform is canceled by the government of <a href="/wiki/Khuang_Aphaiwong" title="Khuang Aphaiwong">Khuang Aphaiwong</a> on August 2, 1944.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_30" title="May 30">May 30</a>–<a href="/wiki/May_31" title="May 31">31</a> – WWII: <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Cologne_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Cologne in World War II">Bombing of Cologne</a> – British <a href="/wiki/RAF_Bomber_Command" title="RAF Bomber Command">RAF Bomber Command</a>'s "Operation Millennium", its first "1,000 bomber raid", with associated fires make 13,000 families homeless and kills around 475 people, mostly civilians; 3,330 non-residential buildings are destroyed.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_31" title="May 31">May 31</a>–<a href="/wiki/June_1" title="June 1">June 1</a> – WWII: <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Sydney_Harbour" title="Attack on Sydney Harbour">Attack on Sydney Harbour</a>: Japanese <a href="/wiki/Midget_submarine" title="Midget submarine">midget submarines</a> infiltrate Sydney Harbour in Australia, in an attempt to attack Allied warships.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="June">June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1942&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/June_1942" title="June 1942">June 1942</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Hiryu_maneuvers_to_avoid_bombs_on_4_June_1942_(USAF-3725).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Hiryu_maneuvers_to_avoid_bombs_on_4_June_1942_%28USAF-3725%29.jpg/300px-Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Hiryu_maneuvers_to_avoid_bombs_on_4_June_1942_%28USAF-3725%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Hiryu_maneuvers_to_avoid_bombs_on_4_June_1942_%28USAF-3725%29.jpg/450px-Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Hiryu_maneuvers_to_avoid_bombs_on_4_June_1942_%28USAF-3725%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Hiryu_maneuvers_to_avoid_bombs_on_4_June_1942_%28USAF-3725%29.jpg/600px-Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Hiryu_maneuvers_to_avoid_bombs_on_4_June_1942_%28USAF-3725%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5024" data-file-height="3740" /></a><figcaption>June 4: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Hiry%C5%AB" title="Japanese aircraft carrier Hiryū">Japanese aircraft carrier <i> Hiryū</i></a> under attack by US aircraft at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Midway" title="Battle of Midway">Battle of Midway</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_1" title="June 1">June 1</a> <ul><li>WWII: Mexico declares war on Germany, Italy and Japan.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Grand_Coulee_Dam" title="Grand Coulee Dam">Grand Coulee Dam</a> is finished on the <a href="/wiki/Columbia_River" title="Columbia River">Columbia River</a> in the United States.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_3" title="June 3">June 3</a>–<a href="/wiki/June_4" title="June 4">4</a> – WWII: The <a href="/wiki/Aleutian_Islands_campaign" title="Aleutian Islands campaign">Aleutian Islands campaign</a> opens with the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dutch_Harbor" title="Battle of Dutch Harbor">Battle of Dutch Harbor</a>, Japanese Navy aircraft carrier raids on the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Harbor_Naval_Operating_Base_and_Fort_Mears,_U.S._Army" title="Dutch Harbor Naval Operating Base and Fort Mears, U.S. Army">Dutch Harbor Naval Operating Base and Fort Mears, U.S. Army</a> at <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Harbor" title="Dutch Harbor">Dutch Harbor</a> on <a href="/wiki/Amaknak_Island" title="Amaknak Island">Amaknak Island</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Aleutian_Islands" title="Aleutian Islands">Aleutian Islands</a>, in the United States Territory of Alaska.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_4" title="June 4">June 4</a> – WWII: <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Heydrich" title="Reinhard Heydrich">Reinhard Heydrich</a> succumbs to wounds sustained on <a href="/wiki/May_27" title="May 27">May 27</a>, from Czechoslovakian paratroopers acting in <a href="/wiki/Operation_Anthropoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Anthropoid">Operation Anthropoid</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_4" title="June 4">June 4</a>–<a href="/wiki/June_7" title="June 7">7</a> – WWII: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Midway" title="Battle of Midway">Battle of Midway</a>: An American naval victory halts the Japanese advance in the Pacific.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_5" title="June 5">June 5</a> – WWII: The <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> declares war on <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_6" title="June 6">June 6</a> – WWII: Aleutian Islands campaign: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Kiska" title="Japanese occupation of Kiska">Japanese occupation of Kiska</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_7" title="June 7">June 7</a> – WWII: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sevastopol_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Siege of Sevastopol (1941–1942)">Siege of Sevastopol (1941–1942)</a>: German forces of the <a href="/wiki/11th_Army_(Wehrmacht)" title="11th Army (Wehrmacht)">11th Army</a> under General <a href="/wiki/Erich_von_Manstein" title="Erich von Manstein">Erich von Manstein</a> begin renowned infantry attacks against the fortress city of <a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a>. The Germans advance cautiously behind air and artillery support. Manstein has enough firepower to destroy the Soviet fortifications: some 1,300 guns and Heavy Artillery Battalion 833 (including a Karl-Batterie with three howitzers of 54 cm nicknamed "Thor", "Odin" and "Loki"). Firing in support, the German 80 cm <a href="/wiki/Schwerer_Gustav" title="Schwerer Gustav">Schwerer Gustav</a> railway gun fires seven shells.</li> <li>Aleutian Islands campaign: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Kiska" title="Japanese occupation of Kiska">Japanese occupation of Kiska</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_8" title="June 8">June 8</a> – WWII: <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Sydney_Harbour" title="Attack on Sydney Harbour">Attack on Sydney Harbour</a>: The Australian cities of Sydney and <a href="/wiki/Newcastle,_New_South_Wales" title="Newcastle, New South Wales">Newcastle</a> are shelled by Japanese submarines. The eastern suburbs of both cities are damaged, and the east coast is blacked out.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_10" title="June 10">June 10</a> – WWII: <ul><li>Free French forces (some 2,700 men) evacuate Bir Hakeim and escape through a minefield, where they are picked up by British patrols of the <a href="/wiki/7th_Armoured_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="7th Armoured Division (United Kingdom)">7th Armoured Division</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lidice_massacre" title="Lidice massacre">Lidice massacre</a>: Units of the Nazi <i><a href="/wiki/Ordnungspolizei" title="Ordnungspolizei">Ordnungspolizei</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Sicherheitsdienst" title="Sicherheitsdienst">Sicherheitsdienst</a></i> shoot all 173 male residents of the Czech village of <a href="/wiki/Lidice" title="Lidice">Lidice</a> in retaliation for the killing of <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Heydrich" title="Reinhard Heydrich">Reinhard Heydrich</a>. Of 503 inhabitants, a total of around 340 are killed, including 82 children deported to <a href="/wiki/Che%C5%82mno_extermination_camp" title="Chełmno extermination camp">Chełmno extermination camp</a>, and the remainder are removed. All domestic animals are killed and graves despoiled, the village is burned, remains blown up and the site landscaped out of existence; Nazi propaganda (which is open about the event) states "The name of the village was immediately abolished."<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_11" title="June 11">June 11</a> – WWII: German forces of the <a href="/wiki/15th_Panzer_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="15th Panzer Division (Wehrmacht)">15th Panzer Division</a> together with the <a href="/wiki/90th_Light_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="90th Light Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">90th Light Division</a> reach <a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser_Airbase" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser Airbase">El Adem</a>. Panzer Army Africa captures the area around El Adem, and the <a href="/wiki/29th_Indian_Infantry_Brigade" title="29th Indian Infantry Brigade">29th Indian Brigade</a>, which has defended El Adem is almost wiped out by the Germans.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_12" title="June 12">June 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a>: On her 13th birthday, <a href="/wiki/Anne_Frank" title="Anne Frank">Anne Frank</a> receives the book that she will use to keep her <a href="/wiki/The_Diary_of_a_Young_Girl" title="The Diary of a Young Girl">diary</a> in occupied <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_12" title="June 12">June 12</a>–<a href="/wiki/June_15" title="June 15">15</a> – WWII: <a href="/wiki/Operation_Harpoon_(1942)" title="Operation Harpoon (1942)">Operation Harpoon</a>: An Allied convoy under Admiral <a href="/wiki/Alban_Curteis" title="Alban Curteis">Alban Curteis</a> leaves from <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a> with 6 merchant ships escorted by the British battleship <a href="/wiki/HMS_Malaya" title="HMS Malaya">HMS <i>Malaya</i></a>, aircraft carriers <a href="/wiki/HMS_Argus_(I49)" title="HMS Argus (I49)">HMS <i>Argus</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/HMS_Eagle_(1918)" title="HMS Eagle (1918)">HMS <i>Eagle</i></a>, 4 cruisers and 17 destroyers to <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a>. Two of the six merchant ships completes the journey, at the cost of several Allied warships.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_13" title="June 13">June 13</a> – WWII: <ul><li>German forces of the <a href="/wiki/21st_Panzer_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="21st Panzer Division (Wehrmacht)">21st Panzer Division</a> advance from the west and attack the British tanks of the <a href="/wiki/22nd_Armoured_Brigade_(United_Kingdom)" title="22nd Armoured Brigade (United Kingdom)">22nd Armoured Brigade</a>. Erwin Rommel demonstrates superiority in tactics, compressing the British armoured forces between two Panzer Divisions of the Panzer Army Africa and the Italian <a href="/wiki/132nd_Armored_Division_%22Ariete%22" title="132nd Armored Division "Ariete"">Ariete</a> and <a href="/wiki/101st_Motorized_Division_%22Trieste%22" title="101st Motorized Division "Trieste"">Trieste</a> Divisions. By the end of the day, the British tank strength is reduced from 300 tanks to about 70. Rommel establishes armour superiority and surrounds the "Knightsbridge" positions. Due to the many losses, this defeat becomes known as "Black Saturday" to the <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Army_(United_Kingdom)" title="Eighth Army (United Kingdom)">Eighth Army</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>German scientists under <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Steinhoff" title="Ernst Steinhoff">Ernst Steinhoff</a> at <a href="/wiki/Peenem%C3%BCnde_Army_Research_Center" title="Peenemünde Army Research Center">Peenemünde Army Research Center</a> tests a 12-ton rocket (known later as the <a href="/wiki/V-2_rocket" title="V-2 rocket">V-2 rocket</a>) with a one-ton warhead.</li> <li>The United States opens its <a href="/wiki/Office_of_War_Information" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of War Information">Office of War Information</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">propaganda</a> center.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_14" title="June 14">June 14</a> – WWII: The British Eighth Army under General <a href="/wiki/Neil_Ritchie" title="Neil Ritchie">Neil Ritchie</a> is forced with two divisions to withdraw from the Gazala Line. The defenders of El-Adem and two neighbouring boxes hold out against the Germans. The South African <a href="/wiki/1st_Infantry_Division_(South_Africa)" class="mw-redirect" title="1st Infantry Division (South Africa)">1st Division</a> retreats along the coast road, practically intact. General <a href="/wiki/Claude_Auchinleck" title="Claude Auchinleck">Claude Auchinleck</a> orders Ritchie to hold the line south-east from <a href="/wiki/Acroma" title="Acroma">Acroma</a> (west of <a href="/wiki/Tobruk" title="Tobruk">Tobruk</a>) through El-Adem to Bir El Gubi.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_15" title="June 15">June 15</a> – WWII: Erwin Rommel sends German forces from the 21st Panzer Division and 90th Light Division to attack the defensive boxes at El-Adem and Sidi Rezegh. In the evening, Point 650 box at El-Adem is overrun.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_17" title="June 17">June 17</a>–<a href="/wiki/June_21" title="June 21">21</a> – WWII: <a href="/wiki/Axis_capture_of_Tobruk" title="Axis capture of Tobruk">Siege of Tobruk</a>: German forces of Panzer Army Africa led by Erwin Rommel attack Tobruk with massed air support. On June 21, they penetrate a weak spot on the eastern defensive perimeter, capturing the port and 33,000 prisoners.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_18" title="June 18">June 18</a> – WWII: The SS surrounds the church in Prague where <a href="/wiki/Jan_Kubi%C5%A1" title="Jan Kubiš">Jan Kubiš</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jozef_Gab%C4%8D%C3%ADk" title="Jozef Gabčík">Jozef Gabčík</a>, the assassins of <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Heydrich" title="Reinhard Heydrich">Reinhard Heydrich</a>, are hiding. Kubiš is fatally wounded in the ensuing shootout, and Gabčík commits suicide to avoid capture.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_21" title="June 21">June 21</a> – WWII: Japanese submarine <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_I-25" title="Japanese submarine I-25"><i>I-25</i></a> surfaces off the US <a href="/wiki/Pacific_coast" title="Pacific coast">Pacific Coast</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bombardment_of_Fort_Stevens" title="Bombardment of Fort Stevens">bombards Fort Stevens</a> at the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Columbia_River" title="Columbia River">Columbia River</a>. The fort itself is not damaged, though a nearby <a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">baseball</a> field is destroyed.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_23" title="June 23">June 23</a> – WWII: <ul><li>Erwin Rommel arrives in <a href="/wiki/Bardia" title="Bardia">Bardia</a> and gives the 90th Light Division orders to attack eastwards. The British 8th Army withdraws to <a href="/wiki/Mersa_Matruh" title="Mersa Matruh">Mersa Matruh</a>, where the Indian <a href="/wiki/10th_Indian_Infantry_Division" title="10th Indian Infantry Division">10th Division</a>, elements of the Indian <a href="/wiki/5th_Infantry_Division_(India)" title="5th Infantry Division (India)">5th Division</a> and the British <a href="/wiki/50th_(Northumbrian)_Infantry_Division" title="50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division">50th Division</a> take up positions.</li> <li>The experimental early-type nuclear reactor L-IV has <a href="/wiki/Leipzig_L-IV_experiment_accident" title="Leipzig L-IV experiment accident">an accident</a>, becoming the first nuclear accident in history and consisting of a steam explosion and reactor fire in <a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_26" title="June 26">June 26</a>–<a href="/wiki/June_29" title="June 29">29</a> – WWII: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mersa_Matruh" title="Battle of Mersa Matruh">Battle of Mersa Matruh</a>: German forces of the Panzer Army Africa under Erwin Rommel pursues the Eighth Army as it retreats into Egypt. On June 28, the fortress port of Mersa Matruh and more than 6,000 prisoners are captured, along with plenty of supplies and equipment.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_27" title="June 27">June 27</a> – WWII: Allied <a href="/wiki/Convoy_PQ_17" title="Convoy PQ 17">Convoy PQ 17</a> sails from <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a>, with 35 merchant ships and 3 passenger ships that have been refitted for rescuing the crews of torpedoed ships. There are also one tanker, 6 destroyers and 13 smaller ships for close escort. The convoy is destined for the Soviet port of <a href="/wiki/Arkhangelsk" title="Arkhangelsk">Archangelsk</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_28" title="June 28">June 28</a> – WWII: <a href="/wiki/Case_Blue" title="Case Blue">Operation Blue</a>: German forces of <a href="/wiki/Army_Group_South" title="Army Group South">Army Group South</a> under Generalfeldmarshall <a href="/wiki/Fedor_von_Bock" title="Fedor von Bock">Fedor von Bock</a> drive to <a href="/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd">Stalingrad</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a> oil fields. Spearheads of the <a href="/wiki/4th_Panzer_Army" title="4th Panzer Army">4th Panzer Army</a> under General <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Hoth" title="Hermann Hoth">Hermann Hoth</a> drive towards <a href="/wiki/Voronezh" title="Voronezh">Voronezh</a>, advancing nearly 50 km on day one. They crossed two rivers and cut the link one between the Soviet 13th and 40th armies.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_30" title="June 30">June 30</a> – WWII: <ul><li>German forces of the 11th Army under General Erich von Manstein take Sevastopol, although fighting rages until July 4. The city is evacuated by the Soviets, some 90,000 prisoners are taken and von Manstein is promoted to Field Marshal.</li> <li>German forces of Panzer Army Africa under Erwin Rommel approach the <a href="/wiki/El-Alamein" class="mw-redirect" title="El-Alamein">Alamein</a> positions, only 106 km from <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a>. The Axis forces are exhausted and Rommel has supply problems, because the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">RAF</a> attacks his supply lines.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July">July</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1942&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: July"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/July_1942" title="July 1942">July 1942</a></div> <ul><li>July – <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a>: Inmates of <a href="/wiki/Westerbork_transit_camp" title="Westerbork transit camp">Westerbork transit camp</a> in the occupied <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> begin to be shipped to Nazi <a href="/wiki/Extermination_camp" title="Extermination camp">extermination camps</a>. From now until 1944 around 107,000, mostly Jewish, from here will be killed.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1" title="July 1">July 1</a>–<a href="/wiki/July_27" title="July 27">27</a> – WWII: <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_El_Alamein" title="First Battle of El Alamein">First Battle of El Alamein</a>: British forces prevent a second advance by Axis forces into Egypt. The 15th and 21st Panzer Divisions are halted and Erwin Rommel orders his forces to regroup. The panzer strength of the German <i><a href="/wiki/Afrika_Korps" title="Afrika Korps">Afrika Korps</a></i> has been reduced to only 26 vehicles.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_3" title="July 3">July 3</a> – WWII: <a href="/wiki/Guadalcanal" title="Guadalcanal">Guadalcanal</a>, occupied only by aborigines, falls to the Japanese Naval construction force deployed to construct an airfield on the island.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_4" title="July 4">July 4</a> – WWII in the <a href="/wiki/European_Theater_of_Operations" class="mw-redirect" title="European Theater of Operations">European Theater of Operations</a>: <ul><li>Twenty-four ships are sunk by German bombers and submarines after <a href="/wiki/Convoy_PQ_17" title="Convoy PQ 17">Convoy PQ 17</a> to the Soviet Union is scattered in the Arctic Ocean to evade the <a href="/wiki/German_battleship_Tirpitz" title="German battleship Tirpitz">German battleship <i>Tirpitz</i></a>.</li> <li>The United States <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Air_Force" title="Eighth Air Force">Eighth Air Force</a> inauspiciously flies its first mission in Europe, using borrowed British planes, and bombs targets in the Netherlands, such as De Kooy Airfield, attached to the <a href="/wiki/Den_Helder" title="Den Helder">Den Helder</a> Naval Base. Three of six aircraft return;<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For this mission, Captain Charles C. Kegelman is the first member of the Force to be awarded the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Flying_Cross_(United_States)" title="Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)">Distinguished Flying Cross</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_5" title="July 5">July 5</a> – German forces of the 4th Panzer Army under General Hermann Hoth reach the <a href="/wiki/Don_(river)" title="Don (river)">Don River</a> near Voronezh and become embroiled in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Voronezh_(1942)" title="Battle of Voronezh (1942)">battle to capture the city</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_6" title="July 6">July 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a>: <a href="/wiki/Anne_Frank" title="Anne Frank">Anne Frank</a>'s family goes into hiding in an attic above her father's office in an <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a> warehouse.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_7" title="July 7">July 7</a> – German forces of the 4th Panzer Army reach the outskirts of Voronezh, but the Soviet army mounts a successful counterattack that ties up Hoth's forces for days.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_8" title="July 8">July 8</a> – Turkish prime minister <a href="/wiki/Refik_Saydam" title="Refik Saydam">Refik Saydam</a> dies while working in the office. For one day he is succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Fikri_T%C3%BCzer" title="Ahmet Fikri Tüzer">Ahmet Fikri Tüzer</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_9" title="July 9">July 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/%C5%9E%C3%BCkr%C3%BC_Saraco%C4%9Flu" title="Şükrü Saracoğlu">Şükrü Saracoğlu</a> forms the new (13th) government in <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_13" title="July 13">July 13</a> – WWII: <a href="/wiki/U-boat" title="U-boat">U-boats</a> sink three merchant ships in the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_St._Lawrence" title="Gulf of St. Lawrence">Gulf of St. Lawrence</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_14" title="July 14">July 14</a> – WWII: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bastille_Day" title="Bastille Day">Bastille Day</a> <a href="/wiki/Gaullist" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaullist">Gaullist</a> demonstrations in <a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a>; 2 women are shot dead by members of the fascist <a href="/wiki/French_Popular_Party" title="French Popular Party">French Popular Party</a> (PPF) in <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a>.</li> <li>Germany introduces the <a href="/wiki/Ostvolk_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Ostvolk Medal">Ostvolk Medal</a> for Soviet personnel in the <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_16" title="July 16">July 16</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a>: By order of the <a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a> government headed by <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Laval" title="Pierre Laval">Pierre Laval</a>, French police officers round-up 13,000–20,000 Jews and imprison them in the <a href="/wiki/Winter_Velodrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Winter Velodrome">Winter Velodrome</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_B%C3%A9gu%C3%A9" title="Georges Bégué">Georges Bégué</a> and others escape from the <a href="/wiki/Mauzac,_Haute-Garonne" title="Mauzac, Haute-Garonne">Mauzac</a> prison camp.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_18" title="July 18">July 18</a> – WWII: The Germans test fly the <a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_262" title="Messerschmitt Me 262">Messerschmitt Me 262</a> (using only its <a href="/wiki/Jet_engine" title="Jet engine">jet engines</a>) for the first time.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_19" title="July 19">July 19</a> – WWII: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Battle of the Atlantic">Battle of the Atlantic</a>: German Grand Admiral <a href="/wiki/Karl_D%C3%B6nitz" title="Karl Dönitz">Karl Dönitz</a> orders the last <a href="/wiki/U-boat" title="U-boat">U-boats</a> to withdraw from there the United States Atlantic coast positions, in response to an effective American convoy system.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_21" title="July 21">July 21</a> – WWII: The Japanese establish a beachhead on the north coast of <a href="/wiki/New_Guinea" title="New Guinea">New Guinea</a> in the Buna-Gona area; a small Australian force begins a rearguard action on the <a href="/wiki/Kokoda_Track_campaign" title="Kokoda Track campaign">Kokoda Track campaign</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_22" title="July 22">July 22</a> – WWII: <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a>: The systematic deportation of Jews from the <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Ghetto" title="Warsaw Ghetto">Warsaw Ghetto</a> begins.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_23" title="July 23">July 23</a> – WWII: <ul><li>Adolf Hitler issues <a href="/wiki/List_of_Adolf_Hitler%27s_directives" title="List of Adolf Hitler's directives">Directive 45</a>, ordering the seizure of the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a> coast down to <a href="/wiki/Batumi" title="Batumi">Batum</a>, and taking the oilfields of <a href="/wiki/Maykop" title="Maykop">Maikop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grozny" title="Grozny">Grozny</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a>.</li> <li>The Holocaust: The <a href="/wiki/Gas_chamber" title="Gas chamber">gas chambers</a> at <a href="/wiki/Treblinka_extermination_camp" title="Treblinka extermination camp">Treblinka extermination camp</a> begin operation, killing 6,500 Jews newly arrived from the Warsaw Ghetto.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_25" title="July 25">July 25</a> – WWII: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kalach" title="Battle of Kalach">Battle of Kalach</a>: German forces of the <a href="/wiki/6th_Army_(Wehrmacht)" title="6th Army (Wehrmacht)">6th Army</a> under General <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Paulus" title="Friedrich Paulus">Friedrich Paulus</a> attack the <a href="/wiki/Stalingrad_Front" title="Stalingrad Front">Stalingrad Front</a> and manages to surround part of the Soviet <a href="/wiki/62nd_Army_(Soviet_Union)" title="62nd Army (Soviet Union)">62nd</a> and <a href="/wiki/64th_Army_(Soviet_Union)" title="64th Army (Soviet Union)">64th armies</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Kalach-na-Donu" title="Kalach-na-Donu">Kalach</a> Pocket.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_29" title="July 29">July 29</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Presidium_of_the_Supreme_Soviet" title="Presidium of the Supreme Soviet">Presidium of the Supreme Soviet</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> institutes the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Suvorov" title="Order of Suvorov">Order of Suvorov</a> and <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Kutuzov" title="Order of Kutuzov">Order of Kutuzov</a> and reinstates the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Alexander_Nevsky" title="Order of Alexander Nevsky">Order of Alexander Nevsky</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_30" title="July 30">July 30</a> – WWII: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WAVES" title="WAVES">WAVES</a> (Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service), the United States Naval Reserve (Women's Reserve), is signed into law.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/SS_Robert_E._Lee_(1924)" class="mw-redirect" title="SS Robert E. Lee (1924)">SS <i>Robert E. Lee</i></a> is sunk in the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a> by <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-166_(1941)" title="German submarine U-166 (1941)"><i>U-166</i></a>, which is itself sunk by the escorting patrol craft.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_31" title="July 31">July 31</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Committee_for_Famine_Relief" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford Committee for Famine Relief">Oxford Committee for Famine Relief</a> (Oxfam) is founded in England.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="August">August</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1942&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: August"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/August_1942" title="August 1942">August 1942</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/August_1" title="August 1">August 1</a> – The <a href="/wiki/1942%E2%80%9344_musicians%27_strike" class="mw-redirect" title="1942–44 musicians' strike">1942–44 musicians' strike</a> begins. The American Federation of Musicians goes on strike against the major U.S. recording companies because of disagreements over royalty payments.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_3" title="August 3">August 3</a>–<a href="/wiki/August_15" title="August 15">15</a> – WWII: <a href="/wiki/Operation_Pedestal" title="Operation Pedestal">Operation Pedestal</a>: A British convoy of 14 merchant ships with a massive escort of two battleships, 4 aircraft carriers, 7 cruisers, 32 destroyers and smaller ships commanded by Admiral <a href="/wiki/Edward_Neville_Syfret" title="Edward Neville Syfret">Edward Neville Syfret</a>, sets sail to <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> under relentless attacks by day and night from enemy submarines, aircraft and Axis surface forces. The 55,000 tons of food and fuel delivery by this convoy saves Malta from surrender and allows Malta-based aircraft and submarines to resume their attacks against Rommel's supply lines.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_4" title="August 4">August 4</a> – WWII: Operation Letica: An assassination attempt on Serbian fascist Minister of Finance <a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1an_Letica" title="Dušan Letica">Dušan Letica</a>, by a group <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Resistance" class="mw-redirect" title="Yugoslav Resistance">Yugoslav Resistance</a> fighters, fails.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_5" title="August 5">August 5</a> – WWII: German forces of the <a href="/wiki/4th_Panzer_Army" title="4th Panzer Army">4th Panzer Army</a> under General <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Hoth" title="Hermann Hoth">Hermann Hoth</a> resume their advance and reach <a href="/wiki/Abganerovo,_Svetloyarsky_District,_Volgograd_Oblast" title="Abganerovo, Svetloyarsky District, Volgograd Oblast">Abganerovo</a>, 70 km southwest of <a href="/wiki/Stalingrad" class="mw-redirect" title="Stalingrad">Stalingrad</a>. They are stopped by the Soviet 64th Army under General <a href="/wiki/Vasily_Chuikov" title="Vasily Chuikov">Vasily Chuikov</a>, who defend the southern approach to Stalingrad.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_7" title="August 7">August 7</a> – WWII: <a href="/wiki/Guadalcanal_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Guadalcanal Campaign">Guadalcanal Campaign</a> – The <a href="/wiki/U.S._Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Navy">U.S. Navy</a> and the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Marine_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Marine Corps">U.S. Marine Corps</a> start the first American offensive of the war, with an <a href="/wiki/Amphibious_warfare" title="Amphibious warfare">amphibious</a> landing on the island of <a href="/wiki/Guadalcanal" title="Guadalcanal">Guadalcanal</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_8" title="August 8">August 8</a> <ul><li>WWII: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Savo_Island" title="Battle of Savo Island">Battle of Savo Island</a>: The Japanese Imperial Navy under Admiral <a href="/wiki/Gunichi_Mikawa" title="Gunichi Mikawa">Gunichi Mikawa</a> wins a spectacular victory over the US Navy and the Australian Navy at <a href="/wiki/Savo_Island" title="Savo Island">Savo Island</a>. Five cruisers and one destroyer are sunk, Mikawa's decision to withdraw under cover of the night rather than attempt to destroy the Allied invasion transports is primarily because of a possible Allied carrier strike against his fleet.</li> <li>WWII: Allied North Atlantic <a href="/wiki/Convoy_SC_94" title="Convoy SC 94">convoy SC 94</a> loses 10 ships, as the first to be heavily attacked by <a href="/wiki/U-boat" title="U-boat">U-boats</a> resuming mid-Atlantic <a href="/wiki/Wolfpack_(naval_tactic)" title="Wolfpack (naval tactic)">wolf pack</a> attacks, through the climactic winter of 1942–43.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>WWII: In Washington, D.C., six German <a href="/wiki/Sabotage" title="Sabotage">saboteurs</a> are executed for their role in the failed mission <a href="/wiki/Operation_Pastorius" title="Operation Pastorius">Operation Pastorius</a> (2 others are cooperative and receive sentences of life imprisonment instead, being freed a few years after the end of the war).</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_9" title="August 9">August 9</a> <ul><li>Indian leader <a href="/wiki/Mohandas_Gandhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohandas Gandhi">Mohandas Gandhi</a> is arrested in <a href="/wiki/Bombay" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombay">Bombay</a>, by British forces.</li> <li><i>Start</i>, led by the goalkeeper Nikolai Trusevich, <a href="/wiki/The_Death_Match" title="The Death Match">play football against the German Luftwaffe team Flakelf in Nazi-occupied Kyiv</a>. Against all odds, they win 5–3. Eight of them are later arrested and tortured, and at least four are killed.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leningrad_premi%C3%A8re_of_Shostakovich%27s_Symphony_No._7" title="Leningrad première of Shostakovich's Symphony No. 7">Leningrad première of Shostakovich's Symphony No. 7</a>, with the city still under siege.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_11" title="August 11">August 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hedy_Lamarr" title="Hedy Lamarr">Hedy Lamarr</a>'s and her friend <a href="/wiki/George_Antheil" title="George Antheil">George Antheil</a>'s frequency-hopping system for radio-controlled torpedoes is granted a patent under <span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US2292387">U.S. patent 2,292,387</a></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1962 (at the time of the Cuban missile crisis), an updated version of their design will at last appear on Navy ships.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_13" title="August 13">August 13</a> – A <a href="/wiki/Quit_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Quit India">Quit India</a> resolution is passed by the <a href="/wiki/Bombay" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombay">Bombay</a> session of the All India Congress Committee (AICC), which leads to the start of a historical civil disobedience movement across India.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_15" title="August 15">August 15</a> – WWII: American tanker <a href="/wiki/SS_Ohio_(1940)" title="SS Ohio (1940)"><i>Ohio</i></a> reaches Malta, as part of the convoy of <i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Pedestal" title="Operation Pedestal">Operation Pedestal</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_16" title="August 16">August 16</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polish-Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish-Jewish">Polish-Jewish</a> teacher <a href="/wiki/Janusz_Korczak" title="Janusz Korczak">Janusz Korczak</a> follows a group of Jewish children into the <a href="/wiki/Treblinka_extermination_camp" title="Treblinka extermination camp">Treblinka extermination camp</a>.</li> <li>U.S. Navy blimp <i><a href="/wiki/L_class_blimp" class="mw-redirect" title="L class blimp">L-8</a></i> (Flight 101) comes ashore near San Francisco, eventually coming down in <a href="/wiki/Daly_City,_California" title="Daly City, California">Daly City</a> (the crew is missing).</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_17" title="August 17">August 17</a> <ul><li>WWII: <a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Makin_Island" title="Raid on Makin Island">Raid on Makin Island</a>: US Marines of the <a href="/wiki/Marine_Raiders" title="Marine Raiders">2nd Raider Battalion</a> (211 men) under Lt. Col. <a href="/wiki/Evans_Carlson" title="Evans Carlson">Evans Carlson</a> embark aboard the submarines <a href="/wiki/USS_Argonaut_(SM-1)" title="USS Argonaut (SM-1)"><i>Argonaut</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/USS_Nautilus_(SS-168)" title="USS Nautilus (SS-168)"><i>Nautilus</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/Pearl_Harbor" title="Pearl Harbor">Pearl Harbor</a>. The aim is to destroy the Japanese installations and gather intelligence. Only the first of these objectives is achieved, but the raid does boost morale and provide a test for Raider tactics.</li> <li>WWII: Heavy bombers of the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Air_Force" title="Eighth Air Force">Eighth Air Force</a>, based in England, conduct their first raid against occupied France.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_19" title="August 19">August 19</a> – WWII: <a href="/wiki/Dieppe_Raid" title="Dieppe Raid">Dieppe Raid</a>: An Allied amphibious attack on the German-occupied port of <a href="/wiki/Dieppe" title="Dieppe">Dieppe</a> in northern France is repulsed. Some 6,000 men of the Canadian <a href="/wiki/2nd_Canadian_Division_during_World_War_II" title="2nd Canadian Division during World War II">2nd Infantry Division</a> under General <a href="/wiki/John_Hamilton_Roberts" title="John Hamilton Roberts">John Roberts</a>, supported by <a href="/wiki/No.3_Commando" class="mw-redirect" title="No.3 Commando">3</a> and <a href="/wiki/No.4_Commando" class="mw-redirect" title="No.4 Commando">4 Commando</a>, 50 or so <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Rangers" title="United States Army Rangers">US Rangers</a> and Free French Commandos, are put ashore. The raid is designed to provide battle experience for the troops and to gain information about German defense methods. The casualties are some 3,600 men, 1 destroyer, 30 tanks and 33 landing craft.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_20" title="August 20">August 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Plutonium</a> is isolated for the first time, at the <a href="/wiki/Metallurgical_Laboratory" title="Metallurgical Laboratory">Metallurgical Laboratory</a> of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_21" title="August 21">August 21</a> <ul><li>WWII: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Caucasus#Preparations" title="Battle of the Caucasus">Operation Edelweiss</a>: German forces (<i><a href="/wiki/Gebirgsj%C3%A4ger" title="Gebirgsjäger">Gebirgsjäger</a></i>) of the <a href="/wiki/1st_Mountain_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="1st Mountain Division (Wehrmacht)">1st Mountain Division</a> place the Nazi <a href="/wiki/Swastika" title="Swastika">swastika</a> flag on the summit of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Elbrus" title="Mount Elbrus">Mount Elbrus</a>, a prominent peak of the <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a> at 5.629 meters.</li> <li>WWII: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Tenaru" title="Battle of the Tenaru">Battle of the Tenaru</a>: The Americans defeat Japanese land forces on <a href="/wiki/Guadalcanal" title="Guadalcanal">Guadalcanal</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_22" title="August 22">August 22</a> – WWII: <a href="/wiki/Vargas_Era#World_War_II" title="Vargas Era">Brazil declares war</a> on Germany and Italy.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_23" title="August 23">August 23</a> – WWII: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stalingrad" title="Battle of Stalingrad">Battle of Stalingrad</a>: German forces of the <a href="/wiki/16th_Panzer_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="16th Panzer Division (Wehrmacht)">16th Panzer Division</a> reach the suburbs of <a href="/wiki/Stalingrad" class="mw-redirect" title="Stalingrad">Stalingrad</a>. The German 6th Army under General <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Paulus" title="Friedrich Paulus">Friedrich Paulus</a> stabilishes the frontier and takes up positions at the <a href="/wiki/Volga" title="Volga">Volga River</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_24" title="August 24">August 24</a> <ul><li>WWII: <a href="/wiki/Charge_of_the_Savoia_Cavalleria_at_Izbushensky" title="Charge of the Savoia Cavalleria at Izbushensky">Charge of the Savoia Cavalleria at Izbushensky</a>: An Italian <a href="/wiki/Cavalry" title="Cavalry">cavalry</a> regiment attacks Soviet forces with drawn <a href="/wiki/Sabre" title="Sabre">sabers</a> at Izbushensky, Russia, one of the last major cavalry <a href="/wiki/Charge_(warfare)" title="Charge (warfare)">charges</a>.</li> <li>WWII: Allied North Atlantic <a href="/wiki/Convoy_ON_122" title="Convoy ON 122">convoy ON 122</a> is attacked by <a href="/wiki/U-boat" title="U-boat">U-boats</a>, which sink 4 ships.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>WWII: The 2-day <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Eastern_Solomons" title="Battle of the Eastern Solomons">Battle of the Eastern Solomons</a> begins: Bombers from carrier <a href="/wiki/USS_Saratoga_(CV-3)" title="USS Saratoga (CV-3)">USS <i>Saratoga</i></a> sink <a href="/wiki/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Ry%C5%ABj%C5%8D" title="Japanese aircraft carrier Ryūjō">Japanese aircraft carrier <i>Ryūjō</i></a> near <a href="/wiki/Santa_Isabel_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Isabel Island">Santa Isabel Island</a>, helping to lead to an Allied victory.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_25" title="August 25">August 25</a> <ul><li>WWII: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Milne_Bay" title="Battle of Milne Bay">Battle of Milne Bay</a> opens, when Japanese marines land at <a href="/wiki/Milne_Bay" title="Milne Bay">Milne Bay</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunbeath_air_crash" title="Dunbeath air crash">Dunbeath air crash</a>: <a href="/wiki/Prince_George,_Duke_of_Kent" title="Prince George, Duke of Kent">Prince George, Duke of Kent</a>, brother to King <a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">George VI</a> and King <a href="/wiki/Edward_VIII" title="Edward VIII">Edward VIII</a>, is among 14 to die in a military aircraft accident at <a href="/wiki/Morven,_Caithness" title="Morven, Caithness">Morven</a>, Scotland, at the age of 39.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_26" title="August 26">August 26</a>–<a href="/wiki/August_31" title="August 31">31</a> – WWII: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Isurava" title="Battle of Isurava">Battle of Isurava</a>: Japanese forces (some 2,100 men) of the <a href="/wiki/South_Seas_Detachment" title="South Seas Detachment">South Seas Detachment</a> under General <a href="/wiki/Tomitar%C5%8D_Horii" title="Tomitarō Horii">Tomitarō Horii</a> defeat the Australian <a href="/wiki/Maroubra_Force" title="Maroubra Force">Maroubra Force</a> at <a href="/wiki/Isurava,_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Isurava, Papua New Guinea">Isurava</a>, who fights delaying actions on the <a href="/wiki/Kokoda_Track" title="Kokoda Track">Kokoda Track</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_27" title="August 27">August 27</a>–<a href="/wiki/August_28" title="August 28">28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sarny_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarny Massacre">Sarny Massacre</a>: Nazi troops and the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Auxiliary_Police" title="Ukrainian Auxiliary Police">Ukrainian Auxiliary Police</a> systematically execute more than 14,000 people, mostly Jews, in and around <a href="/wiki/Sarny" title="Sarny">Sarny</a> in <a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="History of Poland (1939–1945)">German-occupied Poland</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_29" title="August 29">August 29</a> – WWII: <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Express" title="Tokyo Express">Tokyo Express</a>: The Japanese navy starts night-time delivery of reinforcements, supplies and equipment to the Japanese forces operating in and around <a href="/wiki/New_Guinea" title="New Guinea">New Guinea</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_30" title="August 30">August 30</a> – WWII: <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a> is formally annexed to the German Reich.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_30" title="August 30">August 30</a>–<a href="/wiki/September_5" title="September 5">September 5</a> – WWII: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Alam_el_Halfa" title="Battle of Alam el Halfa">Battle of Alam el Halfa</a> – British forces in the Western Desert resist a German attack under Erwin Rommel. German tanks get slowed down in the minefields around Alam el Halfa Ridge and are forced to withdraw.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_31" title="August 31">August 31</a> – The <a href="/wiki/1942_Luxembourgish_general_strike" title="1942 Luxembourgish general strike">1942 Luxembourgish general strike</a> is launched, to protest against forced conscription in Luxembourg.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="September">September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1942&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/September_1942" title="September 1942">September 1942</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_2" title="September 2">September 2</a> – WWII: The island of <a href="/wiki/Les_Casquets" title="Les Casquets">Les Casquets</a> in the Channel Islands is raided by the forerunner of the British <a href="/wiki/Special_Air_Service" title="Special Air Service">SAS</a>, the <a href="/wiki/No._62_Commando" title="No. 62 Commando">SSRF</a>, led by Major <a href="/wiki/Gus_March-Phillipps" title="Gus March-Phillipps">Gus March-Phillipps</a>; this is one of the first raids by <a href="/wiki/Anders_Lassen" title="Anders Lassen">Anders Lassen</a> VC. In the raid, the entire garrison of 7 is abducted and returned to England as prisoners, and the radio and lighthouse are wrecked.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_3" title="September 3">September 3</a> <ul><li>WWII: Erwin Rommel orders a general retreat and carries the German forces of <a href="/wiki/Panzer_Army_Africa" title="Panzer Army Africa">Panzer Army Africa</a> back to the line running from Tel el Eisa – Deir el Shein - west of Deir el Munassib down to the <a href="/wiki/Qattara_Depression" title="Qattara Depression">Qattara Depression</a>. Allied forces of the <a href="/wiki/2nd_New_Zealand_Division" title="2nd New Zealand Division">2nd New Zealand Division</a> and the British <a href="/wiki/7th_Armoured_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="7th Armoured Division (United Kingdom)">7th Armoured Division</a> ("Desert Rats") begin an assault, but they are repelled in a fierce rearguard action by the German <a href="/wiki/90th_Light_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="90th Light Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">90th Light Division</a>. During the attack, Rommel loses some 2,900 men, 50 tanks, a similar number of guns, and 400 vehicles.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a>: A German attempt to liquidate the Jewish <a href="/wiki/%C5%81achwa_Ghetto" title="Łachwa Ghetto">Łachwa Ghetto</a> in <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Poland_(1939%E2%80%9345)" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupation of Poland (1939–45)">occupied Poland</a> leads to an uprising, probably the first <a href="/wiki/Ghetto_uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghetto uprising">ghetto uprising</a> of the war.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_5" title="September 5">September 5</a> <ul><li>WWII: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Milne_Bay" title="Battle of Milne Bay">Battle of Milne Bay</a>: Japanese forces suffer their first defeat on land.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a>: The Jews of <a href="/wiki/Wolbrom" title="Wolbrom">Wolbrom</a> in occupied Poland are rounded up by the Germans and their Ukrainian collaborators.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_9" title="September 9">September 9</a> – WWII: A Japanese <a href="/wiki/Floatplane" title="Floatplane">floatplane</a> drops <a href="/wiki/Incendiary_device" title="Incendiary device">incendiary devices</a> at <a href="/wiki/Mount_Emily" title="Mount Emily">Mount Emily</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Brookings,_Oregon" title="Brookings, Oregon">Brookings, Oregon</a>, in the first of two "<a href="/wiki/Lookout_Air_Raids" title="Lookout Air Raids">Lookout Air Raids</a>", the first bombing of the continental United States.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_10" title="September 10">September 10</a> <ul><li>WWII: North Atlantic <a href="/wiki/Convoy_ON_127" title="Convoy ON 127">convoy ON 127</a> is attacked by <a href="/wiki/U-boat" title="U-boat">U-boats</a>, sinking 6 ships.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Women_Airforce_Service_Pilots" title="Women Airforce Service Pilots">Women's Auxiliary Ferrying Squadron</a> (WAFS) begins operation in the United States.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_12" title="September 12">September 12</a> – WWII: The <a href="/wiki/RMS_Laconia" title="RMS Laconia">RMS <i>Laconia</i></a>, carrying civilians, Allied soldiers, and Italian prisoners of war, is torpedoed off the coast of West Africa and sinks, killing 1,649 people.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_14" title="September 14">September 14</a>–<a href="/wiki/September_16" title="September 16">16</a> – WWII: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ioribaiwa" title="Battle of Ioribaiwa">Battle of Ioribaiwa</a>: Australian forces (some 3,000 men) under Major-General <a href="/wiki/Selwyn_Porter" title="Selwyn Porter">Selwyn Porter</a> are forced to withdraw to Imita Ridge, due to supply problems.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_15" title="September 15">September 15</a> – WWII: The <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Flying_Training_Detachment" title="Women's Flying Training Detachment">Women's Flying Training Detachment</a> (WFTD) is established in the United States.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_24" title="September 24">September 24</a> – WWII: <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9e_Borrel" title="Andrée Borrel">Andrée Borrel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lise_de_Baissac" title="Lise de Baissac">Lise de Baissac</a> become the first female <a href="/wiki/Special_Operations_Executive" title="Special Operations Executive">SOE</a> agents to be parachuted into occupied France.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_26" title="September 26">September 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a>: Nazi official <a href="/wiki/August_Frank" title="August Frank">August Frank</a> issues the <a href="/wiki/August_Frank_memorandum" title="August Frank memorandum">August Frank memorandum</a>, setting out how the belongings of "evacuated" (i.e. murdered) Jews are to be disposed of.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_27" title="September 27">September 27</a> – WWII: Both the <a href="/wiki/Commerce_raiding" title="Commerce raiding">commerce raiding</a> <a href="/wiki/German_auxiliary_cruiser_Stier" title="German auxiliary cruiser Stier">German auxiliary cruiser <i>Stier</i></a> and American <a href="/wiki/Liberty_ship" title="Liberty ship">Liberty ship</a> <a href="/wiki/SS_Stephen_Hopkins" title="SS Stephen Hopkins">SS <i>Stephen Hopkins</i></a> sink, following a gun battle in the South Atlantic. <i>Hilfskreuzer</i> <i>Stier</i> is the only commerce raider to be sunk by a <a href="/wiki/Defensively_equipped_merchant_ship" title="Defensively equipped merchant ship">defensively equipped merchant ship</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October">October</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1942&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: October"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/October_1942" title="October 1942">October 1942</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_2" title="October 2">October 2</a> <ul><li>British cruiser <a href="/wiki/HMS_Curacoa_(D41)" title="HMS Curacoa (D41)">HMS <i>Curacoa</i></a> collides with liner <a href="/wiki/RMS_Queen_Mary" title="RMS Queen Mary">RMS <i>Queen Mary</i></a> (carrying troops from the United States) off the coast of <a href="/wiki/Donegal_(town)" title="Donegal (town)">Donegal</a> and sinks; 338 drown.</li> <li>WWII: Japanese troopship <i><a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Maru" title="Lisbon Maru">Lisbon Maru</a></i> sinks, following a torpedo attack the previous day by submarine <a href="/wiki/USS_Grouper" title="USS Grouper">USS <i>Grouper</i></a> off the coast of China; 829 are killed, mostly British prisoners of war who (unknown to the attacker) were being held on board.</li> <li>The first American-built <a href="/wiki/Turbojet" title="Turbojet">turbojet</a> aircraft, the <a href="/wiki/Bell_P-59_Airacomet" title="Bell P-59 Airacomet">Bell P-59 Airacomet</a> fighter prototype, makes its first official flight.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_3" title="October 3">October 3</a> – The first <a href="/wiki/V-2_rocket" title="V-2 rocket">A-4 rocket</a> is successfully launched from <a href="/wiki/Test_Stand_VII" title="Test Stand VII">Test Stand VII</a> at <a href="/wiki/Peenem%C3%BCnde" title="Peenemünde">Peenemünde</a>, Germany. The rocket flies 147 kilometers and reaches an altitude of 84.5 kilometers, becoming the first man-made object to reach space.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_9" title="October 9">October 9</a> <ul><li>WWII: <a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_the_Matanikau" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Battle of the Matanikau">Third Battle of the Matanikau</a> on <a href="/wiki/Guadalcanal" title="Guadalcanal">Guadalcanal</a>: American forces defeat the Japanese.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Statute_of_Westminster_Adoption_Act_1942" title="Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1942">Statute of Westminster Adoption Act</a>, passed by the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Australia" title="Parliament of Australia">Parliament of Australia</a>, formalizes Australian autonomy from the United Kingdom.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_11" title="October 11">October 11</a> – WWII: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Esperance" title="Battle of Cape Esperance">Battle of Cape Esperance</a>: On the northwest coast of <a href="/wiki/Guadalcanal" title="Guadalcanal">Guadalcanal</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> ships intercept and defeat a Japanese fleet, on their way to reinforce troops on the island.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_13" title="October 13">October 13</a> – WWII: North Atlantic <a href="/wiki/Convoy_SC_104" title="Convoy SC 104">convoy SC 104</a> is attacked by <a href="/wiki/U-boat" title="U-boat">U-boats</a>, sinking seven ships.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_14" title="October 14">October 14</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a>: The <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a>, meeting in special session at the Hotel Métropole, <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, Switzerland, declines to issue an international appeal condemning the holding of civilians in <a href="/wiki/Nazi_concentration_camps" title="Nazi concentration camps">Nazi concentration camps</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>WWII: A <a href="/wiki/U-boat" title="U-boat">U-boat</a> sinks the ferry <a href="/wiki/SS_Caribou" title="SS Caribou">SS <i>Caribou</i></a> off <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_(island)" title="Newfoundland (island)">Newfoundland</a>, killing 137.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_16" title="October 16">October 16</a> <ul><li>A <a href="/wiki/Cyclone" title="Cyclone">cyclone</a> and consequential floods in the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal" title="Bay of Bengal">Bay of Bengal</a> kill 40,000 people, with particularly heavy damage around <a href="/wiki/Contai" title="Contai">Contai</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Animated short film <i>The Mouse of Tomorrow</i>, featuring the debut of <a href="/wiki/Mighty_Mouse" title="Mighty Mouse">Mighty Mouse</a> (as "Super Mouse"), is released in the United States.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_18" title="October 18">October 18</a> – WWII: Hitler issues the <a href="/wiki/Commando_Order" title="Commando Order">Commando Order</a>, which stipulates that all Allied <a href="/wiki/Commando" title="Commando">commandos</a> encountered by German forces should be executed immediately without trial, even in proper uniforms, in response to the <a href="/wiki/Dieppe_Raid" title="Dieppe Raid">Dieppe Raid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Basalt" title="Operation Basalt">Operation Basalt</a> conducted by the Allies. After the war, the <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_trials" title="Nuremberg trials">Nuremberg trials</a> finds this order a direct violation of the <a href="/wiki/Laws_and_customs_of_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Laws and customs of war">laws and customs of war</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_21" title="October 21">October 21</a> – A <a href="/wiki/Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force" title="Royal New Zealand Air Force">Royal New Zealand Air Force</a> <a href="/wiki/Torpedo_bomber" title="Torpedo bomber">torpedo bomber</a> sinks the German <a href="/wiki/Motor_ship" title="Motor ship">MS</a> <a href="/wiki/MS_Palatia_(1928)" title="MS Palatia (1928)"><i>Palatia</i></a>, with a loss of 946 lives.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_23" title="October 23">October 23</a> – Award-winning composer and songwriter <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Rainger" title="Ralph Rainger">Ralph Rainger</a> ("Thanks for the Memory") is among 12 people killed in a mid-air collision between an <a href="/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_28" title="American Airlines Flight 28">American Airlines</a> <a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-3" title="Douglas DC-3">DC-3</a> and a U.S. Army bomber near <a href="/wiki/Palm_Springs,_California" title="Palm Springs, California">Palm Springs, California</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_23" title="October 23">October 23</a>–<a href="/wiki/October_26" title="October 26">26</a> – WWII: <a href="/wiki/Battle_for_Henderson_Field" title="Battle for Henderson Field">Battle for Henderson Field</a>: Japanese forces fail to recapture <a href="/wiki/Honiara_International_Airport" title="Honiara International Airport">Henderson Field</a> airfield in <a href="/wiki/Guadalcanal" title="Guadalcanal">Guadalcanal</a> from the Americans.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_23" title="October 23">October 23</a>–<a href="/wiki/November_4" title="November 4">November 4</a> – WWII: <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_El_Alamein" title="Second Battle of El Alamein">Second Battle of El Alamein</a>: British troops go on the offensive against the Axis forces.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_26" title="October 26">October 26</a> – WWII: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Santa_Cruz_Islands" title="Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands">Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands</a>: Two Japanese aircraft carriers are heavily damaged and one U.S. Navy carrier is sunk.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_28" title="October 28">October 28</a> <ul><li>Film actor <a href="/wiki/Errol_Flynn" title="Errol Flynn">Errol Flynn</a> is accused of statutory rape by two teenage girls.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Highway" title="Alaska Highway">Alaska Highway</a> is completed.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_29" title="October 29">October 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a>: In the United Kingdom, leading clergymen and political figures hold a public meeting to register outrage over <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>'s persecution of Jews.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_30" title="October 30">October 30</a> – WWII: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U-boat" title="U-boat">U-boats</a> sink 11 ships, attacking diversionary <a href="/wiki/Convoy_SL_125" title="Convoy SL 125">convoy SL 125</a>, but move out of the path of approaching <a href="/wiki/Troopship" title="Troopship">troopships</a>, carrying Allied <a href="/wiki/Operation_Torch" title="Operation Torch">Operation Torch</a> invasion forces.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>British sailors board <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-559" title="German submarine U-559"><i>U-559</i></a> as it sinks in the Mediterranean and retrieves its <a href="/wiki/Enigma_machine" title="Enigma machine">Enigma machine</a> and codebooks.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="November">November</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1942&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: November"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/November_1942" title="November 1942">November 1942</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/November_1" title="November 1">November 1</a> – WWII: North Atlantic <a href="/wiki/Convoy_SC_107" title="Convoy SC 107">convoy SC 107</a> is heavily attacked by <a href="/wiki/U-boat" title="U-boat">U-boats</a>, sinking 15 ships.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2" title="November 2">November 2</a> – A <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="United States Army Air Forces">USAAF</a> squadron, including <a href="/wiki/B-24_Liberator" class="mw-redirect" title="B-24 Liberator">B-24 Liberators</a>, intercepts many <a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a> patrols off the coast of <a href="/wiki/Oran,_Algeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Oran, Algeria">Oran, Algeria</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_3" title="November 3">November 3</a> – WWII: <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_El_Alamein" title="Second Battle of El Alamein">Second Battle of El Alamein</a>: German forces under <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Rommel" title="Erwin Rommel">Erwin Rommel</a> are forced to retreat during the night.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_6" title="November 6">November 6</a> – WWII: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Madagascar" title="Battle of Madagascar">Battle of Madagascar</a> ends when <a href="/wiki/Vichy_French" class="mw-redirect" title="Vichy French">Vichy French</a> forces on <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a> sign an <a href="/wiki/Armistice" title="Armistice">armistice</a> with the Allies.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_8" title="November 8">November 8</a> – WWII: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Torch" title="Operation Torch">Operation Torch</a>: Elements of the Allied expeditionary force (some 105,000 men) under Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> lands simultaneously along the coastline of <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> and <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> in <a href="/wiki/French_North_Africa" title="French North Africa">French North Africa</a>.</li> <li>French Resistance Coup in <a href="/wiki/Algiers" title="Algiers">Algiers</a>: 400 French civil resisters neutralize the Vichyist XIXth Army Corps and the Vichyist generals (Juin, Darlan, etc.), thus allowing the immediate success of Operation Torch in Algiers, and ultimately the whole of <a href="/wiki/French_North_Africa" title="French North Africa">French North Africa</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_9" title="November 9">November 9</a> – WWII: <ul><li>German forces of the 6th Army under general Friedrich Paulus reach finally the river bank of the Volga, capturing 90% of the ruined city of Stalingrad and splitting the remaining Soviet forces into two narrow pockets.</li> <li>U.S. serviceman <a href="/wiki/Edward_Leonski" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Leonski">Edward Leonski</a> is hanged at Melbourne's Pentridge Prison, for the "Brown-Out" murders of three women in May.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_10" title="November 10">November 10</a> – WWII: In violation of a <a href="/wiki/1940" title="1940">1940</a> armistice, Germany invades <a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a>, following French Admiral <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Darlan" title="François Darlan">François Darlan</a>'s agreement to an armistice with the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a> in <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_11" title="November 11">November 11</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Parliament">Turkish parliament</a> passes the <a href="/wiki/Varl%C4%B1k_Vergisi" title="Varlık Vergisi">Varlık Vergisi</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a capital tax mostly levied on non-Muslim citizens with the unofficial aim to inflict financial ruin on them and end their prominence in the country's economy.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_12" title="November 12">November 12</a> – WWII: <a href="/wiki/Guadalcanal_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Guadalcanal Campaign">Guadalcanal Campaign</a>: A naval battle near <a href="/wiki/Guadalcanal" title="Guadalcanal">Guadalcanal</a> starts between Japanese and American forces.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_13" title="November 13">November 13</a> – WWII: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guadalcanal_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Guadalcanal Campaign">Guadalcanal Campaign</a>: Aviators from the <a href="/wiki/USS_Enterprise_(CV-6)" title="USS Enterprise (CV-6)">USS <i>Enterprise</i></a> sink the Japanese <a href="/wiki/Battleship" title="Battleship">battleship</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Japanese_battleship_Hiei" title="Japanese battleship Hiei">Hiei</a></i>.</li> <li>British forces capture <a href="/wiki/Tobruk" title="Tobruk">Tobruk</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_15" title="November 15">November 15</a> – WWII: <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Naval_Battle_of_Guadalcanal" title="Naval Battle of Guadalcanal">Naval Battle of Guadalcanal</a> ends: Although the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> suffers heavy losses, it retains control of <a href="/wiki/Guadalcanal" title="Guadalcanal">Guadalcanal</a>.</li> <li>British forces capture <a href="/wiki/Derna,_Libya" title="Derna, Libya">Derna, Libya</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_18" title="November 18">November 18</a> – WWII: North Atlantic <a href="/wiki/Convoy_ON_144" title="Convoy ON 144">convoy ON 144</a> is attacked by <a href="/wiki/U-boat" title="U-boat">U-boats</a>, sinking 5 ships.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_19" title="November 19">November 19</a> – WWII: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stalingrad" title="Battle of Stalingrad">Battle of Stalingrad</a>: <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> forces under General <a href="/wiki/Georgy_Zhukov" title="Georgy Zhukov">Georgy Zhukov</a> launch the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Uranus" title="Operation Uranus">Operation Uranus</a> counter-attacks at <a href="/wiki/Stalingrad" class="mw-redirect" title="Stalingrad">Stalingrad</a>, turning the tide of the battle in the USSR's favor.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_20" title="November 20">November 20</a> – WWII: British forces capture <a href="/wiki/Benghazi" title="Benghazi">Benghazi</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_21" title="November 21">November 21</a> – The completion of the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Highway" title="Alaska Highway">Alaska Highway</a> (also known as the Alcan Highway) is celebrated (however, the "<a href="/wiki/Highway" title="Highway">highway</a>" is not usable by general vehicles until <a href="/wiki/1943" title="1943">1943</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_22" title="November 22">November 22</a> – WWII: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stalingrad" title="Battle of Stalingrad">Battle of Stalingrad</a>: The situation for the German attackers of <a href="/wiki/Stalingrad" class="mw-redirect" title="Stalingrad">Stalingrad</a> seems desperate during the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> counter-attack <a href="/wiki/Operation_Uranus" title="Operation Uranus">Operation Uranus</a>, and General <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Paulus" title="Friedrich Paulus">Friedrich Paulus</a> sends <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> a <a href="/wiki/Telegram" class="mw-redirect" title="Telegram">telegram</a>, saying that the <a href="/wiki/6th_Army_(Wehrmacht)" title="6th Army (Wehrmacht)">German Sixth Army</a> is surrounded.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_23" title="November 23">November 23</a> – WWII <ul><li>A <a href="/wiki/U-boat" title="U-boat">U-boat</a> sinks the <a href="/wiki/SS_Benlomond_(1922)" title="SS Benlomond (1922)">SS <i>Benlomond</i></a> off the coast of Brazil. One crewman, Chinese second steward <a href="/wiki/Poon_Lim" title="Poon Lim">Poon Lim</a>, is separated from the others and spends 130 days adrift, until he is rescued on <a href="/wiki/April_3" title="April 3">April 3</a>, <a href="/wiki/1943" title="1943">1943</a>.</li> <li>Legislation approves the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">United States Coast Guard</a> Women's Reserve, to help fill jobs and free men to serve during the war effort. They are known as the <a href="/wiki/SPARS" title="SPARS">SPARS</a> ("Semper Paratus, Always Ready!")</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_25" title="November 25">November 25</a>–<a href="/wiki/November_26" title="November 26">26</a> – WWII: <a href="/wiki/Operation_Harling" title="Operation Harling">Operation Harling</a>: A British <a href="/wiki/Special_Operations_Executive" title="Special Operations Executive">Special Operations Executive</a> team, together with <a href="/wiki/Greek_Resistance" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Resistance">Greek Resistance</a> fighters, blows up the <a href="/wiki/Gorgopotamos" title="Gorgopotamos">Gorgopotamos</a> viaduct, in the first major sabotage act in occupied continental Europe.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_26" title="November 26">November 26</a> – The movie <i><a href="/wiki/Casablanca_(film)" title="Casablanca (film)">Casablanca</a></i> premières at the Hollywood Theater in New York City.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_27" title="November 27">November 27</a> – WWII: At <a href="/wiki/Toulon" title="Toulon">Toulon</a>, the French navy <a href="/wiki/Scuttling_of_the_French_fleet_at_Toulon" title="Scuttling of the French fleet at Toulon">scuttles its ships and submarines</a>, to keep them out of Nazi hands.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_28" title="November 28">November 28</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cocoanut_Grove_fire" title="Cocoanut Grove fire">Cocoanut Grove fire</a>: A fire in the Cocoanut Grove night club in <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, kills 491.</li> <li>The large-scale German "pacification" of the Zamojszczyzna region of Poland begins.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_29" title="November 29">November 29</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Blue_Star_Line" title="Blue Star Line">Blue Star Line</a> <a href="/wiki/Cargo_liner" title="Cargo liner">cargo liner</a> <a href="/wiki/MV_Dunedin_Star" title="MV Dunedin Star">MV <i>Dunedin Star</i></a> runs aground on the <a href="/wiki/Skeleton_Coast" title="Skeleton Coast">Skeleton Coast</a> of <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a>. Crew and passengers survive, following a 26-day overland trek to <a href="/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek">Windhoek</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_30" title="November 30">November 30</a> – WWII: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tassafaronga" title="Battle of Tassafaronga">Battle of Tassafaronga</a> – In a nighttime naval battle as part of the <a href="/wiki/Guadalcanal_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Guadalcanal Campaign">Guadalcanal Campaign</a>, ships of the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy" title="Imperial Japanese Navy">Imperial Japanese Navy</a> defeat those of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="December">December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1942&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/December_1942" title="December 1942">December 1942</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/December_1" title="December 1">December 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gasoline" title="Gasoline">Gasoline</a> rationing begins in the United States.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2" title="December 2">December 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">Manhattan Project</a>: Below the bleachers of Stagg Field at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a>, a team led by <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Enrico Fermi</a> initiates the first self-sustaining <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_chain_reaction" title="Nuclear chain reaction">nuclear chain reaction</a> (a coded message, "The Italian navigator has landed in the new world" is then sent to U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_4" title="December 4">December 4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a>: In <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>, two women, <a href="/wiki/Zofia_Kossak" class="mw-redirect" title="Zofia Kossak">Zofia Kossak</a> and Wanda Filipowicz, risk their lives by setting up the Council for the Assistance of the Jews.</li> <li>WWII: USAAF bombers make their first raid on Italy.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_6" title="December 6">December 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Stary_Ciepiel%C3%B3w_and_Rek%C3%B3wka_massacre" title="Stary Ciepielów and Rekówka massacre">Stary Ciepielów and Rekówka massacre</a>: 5 families in <a href="/wiki/Occupied_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupied Poland">Occupied Poland</a> are executed by the <i><a href="/wiki/Ordnungspolizei" title="Ordnungspolizei">Ordnungspolizei</a></i> as part of the <a href="/wiki/German_retribution_against_Poles_who_helped_Jews" title="German retribution against Poles who helped Jews">German retribution against Poles who helped Jews</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_7" title="December 7">December 7</a> – WWII: <ul><li>British commandos conduct <a href="/wiki/Operation_Frankton" title="Operation Frankton">Operation Frankton</a>, a raid on shipping in <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a> Harbour.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Battleship" title="Battleship">battleship</a> <a href="/wiki/USS_New_Jersey_(BB-62)" title="USS New Jersey (BB-62)">USS <i>New Jersey</i> (BB-62)</a> is launched at <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia,_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Philadelphia, Pennsylvania">Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_8" title="December 8">December 8</a> – A fire at <a href="/wiki/Seacliff_Lunatic_Asylum" title="Seacliff Lunatic Asylum">Seacliff Lunatic Asylum</a> in New Zealand kills 39 patients.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_10" title="December 10">December 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Polish_government-in-exile" title="Polish government-in-exile">Polish government-in-exile</a> sends copies of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Mass_Extermination_of_Jews_in_German_Occupied_Poland" title="The Mass Extermination of Jews in German Occupied Poland">The Mass Extermination of Jews in German Occupied Poland</a></i>, including <a href="/wiki/Raczy%C5%84ski%27s_Note" title="Raczyński's Note">Raczyński's Note</a>, the first official report on The Holocaust, to 26 governments who signed the <a href="/wiki/Declaration_by_United_Nations" title="Declaration by United Nations">Declaration by United Nations</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_11" title="December 11">December 11</a> – WWII: <a href="/wiki/Operation_Lilliput" title="Operation Lilliput">Operation Lilliput</a>: The Allies start a convoy operation for transportation of troops, weapons and supplies in a regular transport service between <a href="/wiki/Milne_Bay" title="Milne Bay">Milne Bay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oro_Bay" title="Oro Bay">Oro Bay</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_Guinea" title="New Guinea">New Guinea</a>. The first vessel to arrive at Oro Bay is <a href="/wiki/SS_Karsik_(1938)" title="SS Karsik (1938)"><i>Karsik</i></a>, escorted by <a href="/wiki/HMAS_Lithgow_(J206)" title="HMAS Lithgow (J206)">HMAS <i>Lithgow</i></a>, with four <a href="/wiki/M3_Stuart" title="M3 Stuart">Stuart</a> <a href="/wiki/Light_tank" title="Light tank">light tanks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_12" title="December 12">December 12</a> – WWII: German troops began <a href="/wiki/Operation_Winter_Storm" title="Operation Winter Storm">Operation Winter Storm</a>, an attempt to relieve encircled Axis forces during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stalingrad" title="Battle of Stalingrad">Battle of Stalingrad</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_15" title="December 15">December 15</a> – WWII: <a href="/wiki/Guadalcanal_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Guadalcanal Campaign">Guadalcanal Campaign</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mount_Austen,_the_Galloping_Horse,_and_the_Sea_Horse" title="Battle of Mount Austen, the Galloping Horse, and the Sea Horse">Battle of Mount Austen, the Galloping Horse, and the Sea Horse</a>: the United States and allied forces begin to attack Japanese positions near the <a href="/wiki/Matanikau_River" title="Matanikau River">Matanikau River</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_17" title="December 17">December 17</a> – The Allies issue the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Declaration_by_Members_of_the_United_Nations" title="Joint Declaration by Members of the United Nations">Joint Declaration by Members of the United Nations</a> (as the answer to <a href="/wiki/Raczy%C5%84ski%27s_Note" title="Raczyński's Note">Raczyński's Note</a>), the first time they publicly acknowledge the <a href="/wiki/Holocaust" class="mw-redirect" title="Holocaust">Holocaust</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_20" title="December 20">December 20</a> – WWII: <a href="/wiki/Arakan_Campaign_1942%E2%80%9343" class="mw-redirect" title="Arakan Campaign 1942–43">First Arakan Campaign</a>: Allied forces begin a counter-offensive into <a href="/wiki/Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma">Burma</a>. During the offensive, Japanese defenders occupying well-prepared positions repeatedly repulse the British and Indian forces.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_22" title="December 22">December 22</a> <ul><li>An avalanche in <a href="/wiki/Aliquippa,_Pennsylvania" title="Aliquippa, Pennsylvania">Aliquippa, Pennsylvania</a>, kills 26, including Vulcan Crucible Steel heir-apparent Samuel A. Stafford Sr., when two 100 ton boulders fall on a bus filled with wartime steelworkers on their way home.</li> <li>An airplane carrying prominent Ustashe general <a href="/wiki/Jure_Franceti%C4%87" title="Jure Francetić">Jure Francetić</a> crashes. Francetić dies as a result of the injuries on <a href="/wiki/December_27" title="December 27">December 27</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_24" title="December 24">December 24</a> – French <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Darlan" title="François Darlan">Admiral Darlan</a>, the former <a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy</a> leader who has switched over to the Allies following the Torch landings, is assassinated in <a href="/wiki/Algiers" title="Algiers">Algiers</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_27" title="December 27">December 27</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Pioneers_of_Yugoslavia" title="Union of Pioneers of Yugoslavia">Union of Pioneers of Yugoslavia</a>, a communist youth movement, is founded.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_28" title="December 28">December 28</a> – North Atlantic <a href="/wiki/Convoy_ON_154" title="Convoy ON 154">Convoy ON 154</a> is heavily attacked by <a href="/wiki/U-boat" title="U-boat">U-boats</a>, sinking 13 ships.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_31" title="December 31">December 31</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Times_Square_Ball" title="Times Square Ball">Times Square Ball</a> in <a href="/wiki/Times_Square" title="Times Square">Times Square</a>, New York City is not dropped for the first time. Instead, there is a <a href="/wiki/Moment_of_silence" title="Moment of silence">moment of silence</a> at midnight, followed by the sound of bells playing from sound trucks at the base of <a href="/wiki/One_Times_Square" title="One Times Square">One Times Square</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Date_unknown">Date unknown</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1942&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Date unknown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DDT" title="DDT">DDT</a> is first used as a <a href="/wiki/Pesticide" title="Pesticide">pesticide</a>.</li> <li>circa June – The 1942 <a href="/wiki/FIFA_World_Cup" title="FIFA World Cup">FIFA World Cup</a> competition in <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Association football</a>, which <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> sought to host, is not held, due to World War II.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Births">Births</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1942&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Births"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <table id="toc" class="toc" summary="Births" style="margin: auto; text-align: center; display: inline-block;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Births </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="#January_2">January</a> · <a href="#February_2">February</a> · <a href="#March_2">March</a> · <a href="#April_2">April</a> · <a href="#May_2">May</a> · <a href="#June_2">June</a> · <a href="#July_2">July</a> · <a href="#August_2">August</a> · <a href="#September_2">September</a> · <a href="#October_2">October</a> · <a href="#November_2">November</a> · <a href="#December_2">December</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January_2">January</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1942&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: January"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stephen_Hawking.StarChild.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Stephen_Hawking.StarChild.jpg/100px-Stephen_Hawking.StarChild.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Stephen_Hawking.StarChild.jpg/150px-Stephen_Hawking.StarChild.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Stephen_Hawking.StarChild.jpg/200px-Stephen_Hawking.StarChild.jpg 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="359" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Hawking" title="Stephen Hawking">Stephen Hawking</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Junichiro_Koizumi_20010426_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Junichiro_Koizumi_20010426_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Junichiro_Koizumi_20010426_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Junichiro_Koizumi_20010426_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Junichiro_Koizumi_20010426_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Junichiro_Koizumi_20010426_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Junichiro_Koizumi_20010426_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="937" data-file-height="1249" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Junichiro_Koizumi" title="Junichiro Koizumi">Junichiro Koizumi</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Muhammad_Ali_NYWTS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Muhammad_Ali_NYWTS.jpg/100px-Muhammad_Ali_NYWTS.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Muhammad_Ali_NYWTS.jpg/150px-Muhammad_Ali_NYWTS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Muhammad_Ali_NYWTS.jpg/200px-Muhammad_Ali_NYWTS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2932" data-file-height="3669" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali" title="Muhammad Ali">Muhammad Ali</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Michael_Crawford2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Michael_Crawford2012.jpg/100px-Michael_Crawford2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Michael_Crawford2012.jpg/150px-Michael_Crawford2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Michael_Crawford2012.jpg/200px-Michael_Crawford2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="385" data-file-height="549" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Michael_Crawford" title="Michael Crawford">Michael Crawford</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eusebio_(1963_version2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Eusebio_%281963_version2%29.jpg/100px-Eusebio_%281963_version2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Eusebio_%281963_version2%29.jpg/150px-Eusebio_%281963_version2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Eusebio_%281963_version2%29.jpg/200px-Eusebio_%281963_version2%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1822" data-file-height="2492" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Eus%C3%A9bio" title="Eusébio">Eusébio</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tasuku_Honjo_201311.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Tasuku_Honjo_201311.jpg/100px-Tasuku_Honjo_201311.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Tasuku_Honjo_201311.jpg/150px-Tasuku_Honjo_201311.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Tasuku_Honjo_201311.jpg/200px-Tasuku_Honjo_201311.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="769" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tasuku_Honjo" title="Tasuku Honjo">Tasuku Honjo</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1" title="January 1">January 1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adil_Abdul-Mahdi" title="Adil Abdul-Mahdi">Adil Abdul-Mahdi</a>, 49th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Iraq" title="Prime Minister of Iraq">Prime Minister of Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alassane_Ouattara" title="Alassane Ouattara">Alassane Ouattara</a>, 5th <a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Ivory_Coast" title="List of heads of state of Ivory Coast">President of the Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gennadi_Sarafanov" class="mw-redirect" title="Gennadi Sarafanov">Gennadi Sarafanov</a>, Russian cosmonaut (d. <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_3" title="January 3">January 3</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_S%C3%B3lyom" title="László Sólyom">László Sólyom</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_Hungary" title="President of Hungary">President of Hungary</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2023" title="2023">2023</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Thaw" title="John Thaw">John Thaw</a>, English actor (d. <a href="/wiki/2002" title="2002">2002</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_4" title="January 4">January 4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bolaji_Akinyemi" title="Bolaji Akinyemi">Bolaji Akinyemi</a>, Nigerian professor of political science</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaber_Al-Mubarak_Al-Hamad_Al-Sabah" title="Jaber Al-Mubarak Al-Hamad Al-Sabah">Jaber Al-Mubarak Al-Hamad Al-Sabah</a>, 7th <a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Kuwait" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Kuwait">Prime Minister of Kuwait</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2024" title="2024">2024</a>)</li> <li>Dame <a href="/wiki/Marcela_Contreras" title="Marcela Contreras">Marcela Contreras</a>, Chilean-British immunologist and educator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McLaughlin_(musician)" title="John McLaughlin (musician)">John McLaughlin</a>, English guitarist, bandleader and composer<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_5" title="January 5">January 5</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maurizio_Pollini" title="Maurizio Pollini">Maurizio Pollini</a>, Italian pianist (d. <a href="/wiki/2024" title="2024">2024</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Rose" title="Charlie Rose">Charlie Rose</a>, American television anchor and talk show host</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_7" title="January 7">January 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vasily_Alekseyev" title="Vasily Alekseyev">Vasily Alekseyev</a>, Soviet weightlifter (d. <a href="/wiki/2011" title="2011">2011</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_8" title="January 8">January 8</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fauziyya_Hassan" title="Fauziyya Hassan">Fauziyya Hassan</a>, Maldivian actress (d. <a href="/wiki/2022" title="2022">2022</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Hawking" title="Stephen Hawking">Stephen Hawking</a>, British physicist (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junichiro_Koizumi" title="Junichiro Koizumi">Junichiro Koizumi</a>, 56th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Japan" title="Prime Minister of Japan">Prime Minister of Japan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_9" title="January 9">January 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lee_Kun-hee" title="Lee Kun-hee">Lee Kun-hee</a>, South Korean businessman (d. <a href="/wiki/2020" title="2020">2020</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_10" title="January 10">January 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Walter_Hill" title="Walter Hill">Walter Hill</a>, American film director, screenwriter, and producer<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_11" title="January 11">January 11</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Clemons" title="Clarence Clemons">Clarence Clemons</a>, African-American saxophonist (d. <a href="/wiki/2011" title="2011">2011</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Sheridan_(basketball)" title="Bill Sheridan (basketball)">Bill Sheridan</a>, American basketball coach (d. <a href="/wiki/2020" title="2020">2020</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_12" title="January 12">January 12</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramiro_de_Le%C3%B3n_Carpio" title="Ramiro de León Carpio">Ramiro de León Carpio</a>, 31st <a href="/wiki/President_of_Guatemala" title="President of Guatemala">President of Guatemala</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2002" title="2002">2002</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Mayor" title="Michel Mayor">Michel Mayor</a>, Swiss astronomer, recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize in Physics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_14" title="January 14">January 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Yogesh_Kumar_Sabharwal" title="Yogesh Kumar Sabharwal">Yogesh Kumar Sabharwal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_India" title="Chief Justice of India">Chief Justice of India</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2015" title="2015">2015</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_16" title="January 16">January 16</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Ang%C3%A9lil" title="René Angélil">René Angélil</a>, Canadian singer and manager (d. <a href="/wiki/2016" title="2016">2016</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bohringer" title="Richard Bohringer">Richard Bohringer</a>, French actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Fontaine" title="Nicole Fontaine">Nicole Fontaine</a>, French politician (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhao_Zhongxiang" title="Zhao Zhongxiang">Zhao Zhongxiang</a>, Chinese television host (d. <a href="/wiki/2020" title="2020">2020</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_17" title="January 17">January 17</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali" title="Muhammad Ali">Muhammad Ali</a>, African-American boxer, activist, and philanthropist (d. <a href="/wiki/2016" title="2016">2016</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ita_Buttrose" title="Ita Buttrose">Ita Buttrose</a>, Australian journalist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Fraguas_de_Pablo" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonio Fraguas de Pablo">Antonio Fraguas de Pablo</a>, Spanish graphic humorist (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_19" title="January 19">January 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Michael_Crawford" title="Michael Crawford">Michael Crawford</a>, English actor, singer and entertainer<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_21" title="January 21">January 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Starr" title="Edwin Starr">Edwin Starr</a>, singer (d. <a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_22" title="January 22">January 22</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jaime_Humberto_Hermosillo" title="Jaime Humberto Hermosillo">Jaime Humberto Hermosillo</a>, Mexican film director (d. <a href="/wiki/2020" title="2020">2020</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mimis_Domazos" title="Mimis Domazos">Mimis Domazos</a>, Greek footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amine_Gemayel" title="Amine Gemayel">Amine Gemayel</a>, 12th President of Lebanon<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_23" title="January 23">January 23</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punsalmaagiin_Ochirbat" title="Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat">Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat</a>, 1st <a href="/wiki/President_of_Mongolia" title="President of Mongolia">President of Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salim_Ahmed_Salim" title="Salim Ahmed Salim">Salim Ahmed Salim</a>, 4th Prime Minister of Tanzania</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_25" title="January 25">January 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Eus%C3%A9bio" title="Eusébio">Eusébio</a>, Mozambican Portuguese footballer (d. <a href="/wiki/2014" title="2014">2014</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_26" title="January 26">January 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/%C3%81rp%C3%A1d_Urb%C3%A1n" title="Árpád Urbán">Árpád Urbán</a>, Hungarian teacher and politician<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_27" title="January 27">January 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tasuku_Honjo" title="Tasuku Honjo">Tasuku Honjo</a>, Japanese immunologist, Nobel Prize laureate in Physiology or Medicine</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_28" title="January 28">January 28</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hans_J%C3%BCrgen_B%C3%A4umler" class="mw-redirect" title="Hans Jürgen Bäumler">Hans Jürgen Bäumler</a>, German figure skater, actor, pop singer and television host</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sjoukje_Dijkstra" title="Sjoukje Dijkstra">Sjoukje Dijkstra</a>, Dutch figure skater (d. <a href="/wiki/2024" title="2024">2024</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erkki_Pohjanheimo" title="Erkki Pohjanheimo">Erkki Pohjanheimo</a>, Finnish TV-producer and director</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_29" title="January 29">January 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Arnaldo_Tamayo_M%C3%A9ndez" title="Arnaldo Tamayo Méndez">Arnaldo Tamayo Méndez</a>, Cuban military officer, legislator, and cosmonaut</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_30" title="January 30">January 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marty_Balin" title="Marty Balin">Marty Balin</a>, American singer, songwriter, and musician (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_31" title="January 31">January 31</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daniela_Bianchi" title="Daniela Bianchi">Daniela Bianchi</a>, Italian actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Jarman" title="Derek Jarman">Derek Jarman</a>, English director and writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1994" title="1994">1994</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="February_2">February</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1942&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: February"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Terry_Jones_Monty_Python_O2_Arena_(cropped)_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Terry_Jones_Monty_Python_O2_Arena_%28cropped%29_%282%29.jpg/100px-Terry_Jones_Monty_Python_O2_Arena_%28cropped%29_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Terry_Jones_Monty_Python_O2_Arena_%28cropped%29_%282%29.jpg/150px-Terry_Jones_Monty_Python_O2_Arena_%28cropped%29_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Terry_Jones_Monty_Python_O2_Arena_%28cropped%29_%282%29.jpg/200px-Terry_Jones_Monty_Python_O2_Arena_%28cropped%29_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="519" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Terry_Jones" title="Terry Jones">Terry Jones</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Graham_Nash_Rudolstadt_06_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Graham_Nash_Rudolstadt_06_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Graham_Nash_Rudolstadt_06_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Graham_Nash_Rudolstadt_06_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Graham_Nash_Rudolstadt_06_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Graham_Nash_Rudolstadt_06_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Graham_Nash_Rudolstadt_06_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2906" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Graham_Nash" title="Graham Nash">Graham Nash</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carole_King_2002_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Carole_King_2002_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Carole_King_2002_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Carole_King_2002_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Carole_King_2002_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Carole_King_2002_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Carole_King_2002_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3042" data-file-height="4096" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Carole_King" title="Carole King">Carole King</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ehud_Barak_2016_-_Herzliya_Conference_2016_3015_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Ehud_Barak_2016_-_Herzliya_Conference_2016_3015_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Ehud_Barak_2016_-_Herzliya_Conference_2016_3015_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Ehud_Barak_2016_-_Herzliya_Conference_2016_3015_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Ehud_Barak_2016_-_Herzliya_Conference_2016_3015_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Ehud_Barak_2016_-_Herzliya_Conference_2016_3015_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Ehud_Barak_2016_-_Herzliya_Conference_2016_3015_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1302" data-file-height="1514" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ehud_Barak" title="Ehud Barak">Ehud Barak</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brian-Jones-1965_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Brian-Jones-1965_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Brian-Jones-1965_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Brian-Jones-1965_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Brian-Jones-1965_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Brian-Jones-1965_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Brian-Jones-1965_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="355" data-file-height="459" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Brian_Jones" title="Brian Jones">Brian Jones</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_1" title="February 1">February 1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibi_Besch" title="Bibi Besch">Bibi Besch</a>, Austrian-American actress (d. <a href="/wiki/1996" title="1996">1996</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Jones" title="Terry Jones">Terry Jones</a>, Welsh actor (<a href="/wiki/Monty_Python" title="Monty Python">Monty Python</a>) and writer (d. <a href="/wiki/2020" title="2020">2020</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masa_Saito" title="Masa Saito">Masa Saito</a>, Japanese professional wrestler (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2" title="February 2">February 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Graham_Nash" title="Graham Nash">Graham Nash</a>, English rock musician<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_7" title="February 7">February 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lietaer" title="Bernard Lietaer">Bernard Lietaer</a>, Belgian engineer and economist (d. <a href="/wiki/2019" title="2019">2019</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_8" title="February 8">February 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Morritt" title="Gordon Morritt">Gordon Morritt</a>, English footballer (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_9" title="February 9">February 9</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Castells" title="Manuel Castells">Manuel Castells</a>, Spanish sociologist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carole_King" title="Carole King">Carole King</a>, American singer and composer<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_12" title="February 12">February 12</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ehud_Barak" title="Ehud Barak">Ehud Barak</a>, 10th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Israel" title="Prime Minister of Israel">Prime Minister of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Grigson" title="Lionel Grigson">Lionel Grigson</a>, British jazz pianist, composer, writer, educator (d. <a href="/wiki/1994" title="1994">1994</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_13" title="February 13">February 13</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Lynley" title="Carol Lynley">Carol Lynley</a>, American actress (d. <a href="/wiki/2019" title="2019">2019</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Tork" title="Peter Tork">Peter Tork</a>, American musician and actor (d. <a href="/wiki/2019" title="2019">2019</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_E._Williams" title="Donald E. Williams">Donald E. Williams</a>, American astronaut (d. <a href="/wiki/2016" title="2016">2016</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_15" title="February 15">February 15</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sadou_Hayatou" title="Sadou Hayatou">Sadou Hayatou</a>, 4th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Cameroon" title="Prime Minister of Cameroon">Prime Minister of Cameroon</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2019" title="2019">2019</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherry_Jackson" title="Sherry Jackson">Sherry Jackson</a>, American actress</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_20" title="February 20">February 20</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Esposito" title="Phil Esposito">Phil Esposito</a>, Canadian hockey player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitch_McConnell" title="Mitch McConnell">Mitch McConnell</a>, American politician, U.S. senior senator from Kentucky</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_21" title="February 21">February 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Margarethe_von_Trotta" title="Margarethe von Trotta">Margarethe von Trotta</a>, German actress, film director and writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_22" title="February 22">February 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christine_Keeler" title="Christine Keeler">Christine Keeler</a>, English model (d. <a href="/wiki/2017" title="2017">2017</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_25" title="February 25">February 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Karen_Grassle" title="Karen Grassle">Karen Grassle</a>, American actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_26" title="February 26">February 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jozef_Adamec" title="Jozef Adamec">Jozef Adamec</a>, Slovak football player and manager (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_27" title="February 27">February 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Grubbs" title="Robert H. Grubbs">Robert H. Grubbs</a>, American chemist, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize</a> laureate (d. <a href="/wiki/2021" title="2021">2021</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_28" title="February 28">February 28</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Jones" title="Brian Jones">Brian Jones</a>, English musician (d. <a href="/wiki/1969" title="1969">1969</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dino_Zoff" title="Dino Zoff">Dino Zoff</a>, Italian footballer and manager</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="March_2">March</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1942&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: March"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MichaelEisnerOct10.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/MichaelEisnerOct10.jpg/100px-MichaelEisnerOct10.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/MichaelEisnerOct10.jpg/150px-MichaelEisnerOct10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/MichaelEisnerOct10.jpg/200px-MichaelEisnerOct10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1847" data-file-height="2392" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Michael_Eisner" title="Michael Eisner">Michael Eisner</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Cale_(2006).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/John_Cale_%282006%29.jpg/100px-John_Cale_%282006%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/John_Cale_%282006%29.jpg/150px-John_Cale_%282006%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/John_Cale_%282006%29.jpg/200px-John_Cale_%282006%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_Cale" title="John Cale">John Cale</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Michael_York_1999.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Michael_York_1999.jpg/100px-Michael_York_1999.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Michael_York_1999.jpg/150px-Michael_York_1999.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Michael_York_1999.jpg/200px-Michael_York_1999.jpg 2x" data-file-width="723" data-file-height="968" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Michael_York" title="Michael York">Michael York</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_2" title="March 2">March 2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Irving" title="John Irving">John Irving</a>, American author<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lou_Reed" title="Lou Reed">Lou Reed</a>, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. <a href="/wiki/2013" title="2013">2013</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_5" title="March 5">March 5</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Felipe González">Felipe González</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Prime Minister of Spain">Prime Minister of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Resnick" title="Mike Resnick">Mike Resnick</a>, American science fiction author (d. <a href="/wiki/2020" title="2020">2020</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_7" title="March 7">March 7</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tammy_Faye_Bakker" class="mw-redirect" title="Tammy Faye Bakker">Tammy Faye Bakker</a>, American evangelist, singer and television personality (d. <a href="/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Eisner" title="Michael Eisner">Michael Eisner</a>, American film studio executive</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_9" title="March 9">March 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Cale" title="John Cale">John Cale</a>, Welsh composer and musician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_12" title="March 12">March 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ratko_Mladi%C4%87" title="Ratko Mladić">Ratko Mladić</a>, former Bosnian Serb military leader</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_13" title="March 13">March 13</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Cutler" title="Dave Cutler">Dave Cutler</a>, American software engineer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scatman_John" title="Scatman John">Scatman John</a>, American musician (d. <a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_16" title="March 16">March 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Soong" title="James Soong">James Soong</a>, Taiwan politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_17" title="March 17">March 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Wayne_Gacy" title="John Wayne Gacy">John Wayne Gacy</a>, American <a href="/wiki/Serial_killer" title="Serial killer">serial killer</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1994" title="1994">1994</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_19" title="March 19">March 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Serra" title="José Serra">José Serra</a>, Brazilian politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_23" title="March 23">March 23</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Rodney" title="Walter Rodney">Walter Rodney</a>, Guyanese historian and political figure</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Haneke" title="Michael Haneke">Michael Haneke</a>, Austrian director and screenwriter</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_24" title="March 24">March 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jes%C3%BAs_Alou" title="Jesús Alou">Jesús Alou</a>, Dominican baseball player (d. <a href="/wiki/2023" title="2023">2023</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_25" title="March 25">March 25</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin">Aretha Franklin</a>, American singer, songwriter, actress, and civil rights activist (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_O%27Brien" title="Richard O'Brien">Richard O'Brien</a>, English-New Zealand actor</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_26" title="March 26">March 26</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erica_Jong" title="Erica Jong">Erica Jong</a>, American author</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edvard_Schiffauer" title="Edvard Schiffauer">Edvard Schiffauer</a>, Czech composer<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_27" title="March 27">March 27</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_E._Sulston" class="mw-redirect" title="John E. Sulston">John E. Sulston</a>, British chemist; recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_York" title="Michael York">Michael York</a>, English actor</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_28" title="March 28">March 28</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Dennett" title="Daniel Dennett">Daniel Dennett</a>, American philosopher (d. <a href="/wiki/2024" title="2024">2024</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Kinnock" title="Neil Kinnock">Neil Kinnock</a>, British Labour leader</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Newell_(director)" title="Mike Newell (director)">Mike Newell</a>, British film director</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_Schumann" class="mw-redirect" title="Conrad Schumann">Conrad Schumann</a>, East German border guard (d. <a href="/wiki/1998" title="1998">1998</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Sloan" title="Jerry Sloan">Jerry Sloan</a>, American basketball player and coach (d. <a href="/wiki/2020" title="2020">2020</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_29" title="March 29">March 29</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kenichi_Ogata_(voice_actor)" title="Kenichi Ogata (voice actor)">Kenichi Ogata</a>, Japanese voice actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Wilson_(actor)" title="Scott Wilson (actor)">Scott Wilson</a>, American actor (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_30" title="March 30">March 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ruben_Kun" title="Ruben Kun">Ruben Kun</a>, Nauruan politician and former President of Nauru</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April_2">April</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1942&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: April"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leon_Russell_Billboard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Leon_Russell_Billboard.jpg/100px-Leon_Russell_Billboard.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Leon_Russell_Billboard.jpg/150px-Leon_Russell_Billboard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Leon_Russell_Billboard.jpg/200px-Leon_Russell_Billboard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="618" data-file-height="608" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Leon_Russell" title="Leon Russell">Leon Russell</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jeetendra_2012_ekta_birthday.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Jeetendra_2012_ekta_birthday.jpg/100px-Jeetendra_2012_ekta_birthday.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Jeetendra_2012_ekta_birthday.jpg/150px-Jeetendra_2012_ekta_birthday.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Jeetendra_2012_ekta_birthday.jpg/200px-Jeetendra_2012_ekta_birthday.jpg 2x" data-file-width="556" data-file-height="820" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jeetendra" title="Jeetendra">Jeetendra</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Malcolm_Turnbull_and_Jacob_Zuma_in_Jakarta_2017_11_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Malcolm_Turnbull_and_Jacob_Zuma_in_Jakarta_2017_11_cropped.jpg/100px-Malcolm_Turnbull_and_Jacob_Zuma_in_Jakarta_2017_11_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Malcolm_Turnbull_and_Jacob_Zuma_in_Jakarta_2017_11_cropped.jpg/150px-Malcolm_Turnbull_and_Jacob_Zuma_in_Jakarta_2017_11_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Malcolm_Turnbull_and_Jacob_Zuma_in_Jakarta_2017_11_cropped.jpg/200px-Malcolm_Turnbull_and_Jacob_Zuma_in_Jakarta_2017_11_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="786" data-file-height="1077" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Zuma" title="Jacob Zuma">Jacob Zuma</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:David_Bradley_by_Gage_Skidmore_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/David_Bradley_by_Gage_Skidmore_2.jpg/100px-David_Bradley_by_Gage_Skidmore_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/David_Bradley_by_Gage_Skidmore_2.jpg/150px-David_Bradley_by_Gage_Skidmore_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/David_Bradley_by_Gage_Skidmore_2.jpg/200px-David_Bradley_by_Gage_Skidmore_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2072" data-file-height="2920" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/David_Bradley_(English_actor)" title="David Bradley (English actor)">David Bradley</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Geoffrey_Palmer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Geoffrey_Palmer.jpg/100px-Geoffrey_Palmer.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Geoffrey_Palmer.jpg/150px-Geoffrey_Palmer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Geoffrey_Palmer.jpg/200px-Geoffrey_Palmer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1132" data-file-height="1520" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Palmer_(politician)" title="Geoffrey Palmer (politician)">Geoffrey Palmer</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Barbra_Streisand_with_Francis_Collins_and_Anthony_Fauci_(27806589237)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Barbra_Streisand_with_Francis_Collins_and_Anthony_Fauci_%2827806589237%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Barbra_Streisand_with_Francis_Collins_and_Anthony_Fauci_%2827806589237%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Barbra_Streisand_with_Francis_Collins_and_Anthony_Fauci_%2827806589237%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Barbra_Streisand_with_Francis_Collins_and_Anthony_Fauci_%2827806589237%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Barbra_Streisand_with_Francis_Collins_and_Anthony_Fauci_%2827806589237%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Barbra_Streisand_with_Francis_Collins_and_Anthony_Fauci_%2827806589237%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="617" data-file-height="847" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Barbra_Streisand" title="Barbra Streisand">Barbra Streisand</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_1" title="April 1">April 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Samuel_R._Delany" title="Samuel R. Delany">Samuel R. Delany</a>, American science fiction author</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2" title="April 2">April 2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Russell" title="Leon Russell">Leon Russell</a>, American singer, songwriter, pianist and guitarist (d. <a href="/wiki/2016" title="2016">2016</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roshan_Seth" title="Roshan Seth">Roshan Seth</a>, British actor</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_3" title="April 3">April 3</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marsha_Mason" title="Marsha Mason">Marsha Mason</a>, American actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Newton" title="Wayne Newton">Wayne Newton</a>, American entertainer and singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Joe_Royal" title="Billy Joe Royal">Billy Joe Royal</a>, American singer (d. <a href="/wiki/2015" title="2015">2015</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_5" title="April 5">April 5</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Clarke_(singer)" title="Allan Clarke (singer)">Allan Clarke</a>, English musician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Greenaway" title="Peter Greenaway">Peter Greenaway</a>, English filmmaker and artist</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_6" title="April 6">April 6</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Levinson" title="Barry Levinson">Barry Levinson</a>, American film producer and director</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anita_Pallenberg" title="Anita Pallenberg">Anita Pallenberg</a>, German-Italian actress, artist, and model (d. <a href="/wiki/2017" title="2017">2017</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_7" title="April 7">April 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jeetendra" title="Jeetendra">Jeetendra</a>, Indian actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_8" title="April 8">April 8</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Chapman" title="Roger Chapman">Roger Chapman</a>, British rock singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Trumbull" title="Douglas Trumbull">Douglas Trumbull</a>, American film director and <a href="/wiki/Special_effect" title="Special effect">special effects</a> artist (d. <a href="/wiki/2022" title="2022">2022</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_9" title="April 9">April 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Brandon_deWilde" title="Brandon deWilde">Brandon deWilde</a>, American actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1972" title="1972">1972</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_10" title="April 10">April 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hayedeh" title="Hayedeh">Hayedeh</a>, Iranian singer (d. <a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_12" title="April 12">April 12</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Reutemann" title="Carlos Reutemann">Carlos Reutemann</a>, Argentine racing driver and politician (d. <a href="/wiki/2021" title="2021">2021</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Zuma" title="Jacob Zuma">Jacob Zuma</a>, 4th <a href="/wiki/President_of_South_Africa" title="President of South Africa">President of South Africa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_14" title="April 14">April 14</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Valeriy_Brumel" title="Valeriy Brumel">Valeriy Brumel</a>, Russian athlete (d. <a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentin_Lebedev" title="Valentin Lebedev">Valentin Lebedev</a>, Russian cosmonaut</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_15" title="April 15">April 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Julie_Sommars" title="Julie Sommars">Julie Sommars</a>, American actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_17" title="April 17">April 17</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kenas_Aroi" title="Kenas Aroi">Kenas Aroi</a>, Nauruan politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Bradley_(English_actor)" title="David Bradley (English actor)">David Bradley</a>, English actor</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_18" title="April 18">April 18</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Kimpel" title="Jeff Kimpel">Jeff Kimpel</a>, American atmospheric scientist (d. <a href="/wiki/2020" title="2020">2020</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jochen_Rindt" title="Jochen Rindt">Jochen Rindt</a>, German-born racing driver (d. <a href="/wiki/1970" title="1970">1970</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_19" title="April 19">April 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alan_Price" title="Alan Price">Alan Price</a>, English musician and keyboardist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_20" title="April 20">April 20</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casimir_Oy%C3%A9-Mba" title="Casimir Oyé-Mba">Casimir Oyé-Mba</a>, 3rd <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Gabon" title="Prime Minister of Gabon">Prime Minister of Gabon</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2021" title="2021">2021</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arto_Paasilinna" title="Arto Paasilinna">Arto Paasilinna</a>, Finnish author (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_21" title="April 21">April 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Palmer_(politician)" title="Geoffrey Palmer (politician)">Geoffrey Palmer</a>, 33rd <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Prime Minister of New Zealand">Prime Minister of New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_22" title="April 22">April 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Jaenisch" title="Rudolf Jaenisch">Rudolf Jaenisch</a>, German-American biologist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_23" title="April 23">April 23</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Dee" title="Sandra Dee">Sandra Dee</a>, American actress (d. <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Fr%C3%A9mont" title="Christian Frémont">Christian Frémont</a>, French politician (d. <a href="/wiki/2014" title="2014">2014</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_24" title="April 24">April 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Barbra_Streisand" title="Barbra Streisand">Barbra Streisand</a>, American singer, actress, composer, and film director</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_25" title="April 25">April 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jon_Kyl" title="Jon Kyl">Jon Kyl</a>, American politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_26" title="April 26">April 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Rydell" title="Bobby Rydell">Bobby Rydell</a>, American singer (d. <a href="/wiki/2022" title="2022">2022</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_27" title="April 27">April 27</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Keltner" title="Jim Keltner">Jim Keltner</a>, American drummer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valeri_Polyakov" title="Valeri Polyakov">Valeri Polyakov</a>, Russian cosmonaut (d. <a href="/wiki/2022" title="2022">2022</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_29" title="April 29">April 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Galina_Kulakova" title="Galina Kulakova">Galina Kulakova</a>, Soviet athlete</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="May_2">May</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1942&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: May"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tammy_Wynette_1977.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Tammy_Wynette_1977.jpg/100px-Tammy_Wynette_1977.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Tammy_Wynette_1977.jpg/150px-Tammy_Wynette_1977.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Tammy_Wynette_1977.jpg/200px-Tammy_Wynette_1977.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2449" data-file-height="3300" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tammy_Wynette" title="Tammy Wynette">Tammy Wynette</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ian_Dury_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Ian_Dury_1.jpg/100px-Ian_Dury_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Ian_Dury_1.jpg/150px-Ian_Dury_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Ian_Dury_1.jpg/200px-Ian_Dury_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="528" data-file-height="650" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ian_Dury" title="Ian Dury">Ian Dury</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jusuf_Kalla_2016_vice-presidential_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Jusuf_Kalla_2016_vice-presidential_portrait.jpg/100px-Jusuf_Kalla_2016_vice-presidential_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Jusuf_Kalla_2016_vice-presidential_portrait.jpg/150px-Jusuf_Kalla_2016_vice-presidential_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Jusuf_Kalla_2016_vice-presidential_portrait.jpg/200px-Jusuf_Kalla_2016_vice-presidential_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1665" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jusuf_Kalla" title="Jusuf Kalla">Jusuf Kalla</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Taj_Mahal_(musician).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Taj_Mahal_%28musician%29.jpg/100px-Taj_Mahal_%28musician%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Taj_Mahal_%28musician%29.jpg/150px-Taj_Mahal_%28musician%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Taj_Mahal_%28musician%29.jpg/200px-Taj_Mahal_%28musician%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="722" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Taj_Mahal_(musician)" title="Taj Mahal (musician)">Taj Mahal</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_1" title="May 1">May 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean_Saubert" title="Jean Saubert">Jean Saubert</a>, American alpine ski racer (d. <a href="/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2" title="May 2">May 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Rogge" title="Jacques Rogge">Jacques Rogge</a>, 8th <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_International_Olympic_Committee" title="President of the International Olympic Committee">President of the International Olympic Committee</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2021" title="2021">2021</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_3" title="May 3">May 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/V%C4%9Bra_%C4%8C%C3%A1slavsk%C3%A1" title="Věra Čáslavská">Věra Čáslavská</a>, Czech gymnast (d. <a href="/wiki/2016" title="2016">2016</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_5" title="May 5">May 5</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Alaimo" title="Marc Alaimo">Marc Alaimo</a>, American actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tammy_Wynette" title="Tammy Wynette">Tammy Wynette</a>, American country singer (d. <a href="/wiki/1998" title="1998">1998</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_6" title="May 6">May 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ariel_Dorfman" title="Ariel Dorfman">Ariel Dorfman</a>, Argentine/Chilean novelist, playwright and essayist<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_8" title="May 8">May 8</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Corris" title="Peter Corris">Peter Corris</a>, Australian academic, historian, journalist and a novelist (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Neill" title="Terry Neill">Terry Neill</a>, Northern Irish footballer and manager (d. <a href="/wiki/2022" title="2022">2022</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_9" title="May 9">May 9</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Roe" title="Tommy Roe">Tommy Roe</a>, American singer-songwriter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ashcroft" title="John Ashcroft">John Ashcroft</a>, 79th <a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">United States Attorney General</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_12" title="May 12">May 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ian_Dury" title="Ian Dury">Ian Dury</a>, British musician (d. <a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_13" title="May 13">May 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Dzhanibekov" title="Vladimir Dzhanibekov">Vladimir Dzhanibekov</a>, Soviet cosmonaut</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_14" title="May 14">May 14</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byron_Dorgan" title="Byron Dorgan">Byron Dorgan</a>, American author, businessman, attorney and politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_P%C3%A9rez" title="Tony Pérez">Tony Pérez</a>, Cuban-American professional baseball player and manager</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_15" title="May 15">May 15</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barnabas_Sibusiso_Dlamini" title="Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini">Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini</a>, 2-Time Prime Minister of Swaziland (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_W._England" title="Anthony W. England">Anthony W. England</a>, American astronaut</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jusuf_Kalla" title="Jusuf Kalla">Jusuf Kalla</a>, 10th and 12th <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Indonesia" title="Vice President of Indonesia">Vice President of Indonesia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_17" title="May 17">May 17</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Gondet" title="Philippe Gondet">Philippe Gondet</a>, French footballer (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taj_Mahal_(musician)" title="Taj Mahal (musician)">Taj Mahal</a>, African-American singer and guitarist</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_19" title="May 19">May 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gary_Kildall" title="Gary Kildall">Gary Kildall</a>, American computer scientist and microcomputer entrepreneur (d. <a href="/wiki/1994" title="1994">1994</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_20" title="May 20">May 20</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Davies" title="Lynn Davies">Lynn Davies</a>, Welsh track and field athlete</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Hathcock" title="Carlos Hathcock">Carlos Hathcock</a>, American Marine sniper (d. <a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Proval" title="David Proval">David Proval</a>, American actor</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_21" title="May 21">May 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_C._Springer" title="Robert C. Springer">Robert C. Springer</a>, American astronaut and test pilot</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_22" title="May 22">May 22</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Brown_(basketball,_born_1942)" title="Roger Brown (basketball, born 1942)">Roger Brown</a>, American basketball player (d. 1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kaczynski" title="Ted Kaczynski">Ted Kaczynski</a>, American domestic terrorist, mathematics professor, and anarchist author (d. <a href="/wiki/2023" title="2023">2023</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Parkins" title="Barbara Parkins">Barbara Parkins</a>, Canadian actress</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_24" title="May 24">May 24</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ichir%C5%8D_Ozawa" title="Ichirō Ozawa">Ichirō Ozawa</a>, Japanese politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart">Fraser Stoddart</a>, Scottish-born scientist, recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_25" title="May 25">May 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_M%C3%A1rio_Branco" title="José Mário Branco">José Mário Branco</a>, Portuguese singer-songwriter, actor, and record producer (d. <a href="/wiki/2019" title="2019">2019</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_28" title="May 28">May 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Stanley_B._Prusiner" title="Stanley B. Prusiner">Stanley B. Prusiner</a>, American scientist, recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_29" title="May 29">May 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Conway_(actor)" title="Kevin Conway (actor)">Kevin Conway</a>, American actor and director (d. <a href="/wiki/2020" title="2020">2020</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="June_2">June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1942&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Curtis_Mayfield.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Curtis_Mayfield.png/100px-Curtis_Mayfield.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Curtis_Mayfield.png/150px-Curtis_Mayfield.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Curtis_Mayfield.png/200px-Curtis_Mayfield.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="517" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Mayfield" title="Curtis Mayfield">Curtis Mayfield</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Teodoro_Obiang_2019_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Teodoro_Obiang_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Teodoro_Obiang_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Teodoro_Obiang_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Teodoro_Obiang_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Teodoro_Obiang_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Teodoro_Obiang_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="745" data-file-height="886" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Teodoro_Obiang_Nguema_Mbasogo" title="Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo">Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Muammar_al-Gaddafi_at_the_AU_summit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Muammar_al-Gaddafi_at_the_AU_summit.jpg/100px-Muammar_al-Gaddafi_at_the_AU_summit.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Muammar_al-Gaddafi_at_the_AU_summit.jpg/150px-Muammar_al-Gaddafi_at_the_AU_summit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Muammar_al-Gaddafi_at_the_AU_summit.jpg/199px-Muammar_al-Gaddafi_at_the_AU_summit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2832" data-file-height="4256" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Muammar Gaddafi">Muammar Gaddafi</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thabo_Mbeki_2003.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Thabo_Mbeki_2003.jpg/100px-Thabo_Mbeki_2003.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Thabo_Mbeki_2003.jpg/150px-Thabo_Mbeki_2003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Thabo_Mbeki_2003.jpg/200px-Thabo_Mbeki_2003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="564" data-file-height="954" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Thabo_Mbeki" title="Thabo Mbeki">Thabo Mbeki</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paul_McCartney_2021_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Paul_McCartney_2021_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Paul_McCartney_2021_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Paul_McCartney_2021_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Paul_McCartney_2021_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Paul_McCartney_2021_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Paul_McCartney_2021_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1155" data-file-height="1541" /></a><figcaption>Sir <a href="/wiki/Paul_McCartney" title="Paul McCartney">Paul McCartney</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brian_Wilson_(7314673472)_(tall).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Brian_Wilson_%287314673472%29_%28tall%29.jpg/100px-Brian_Wilson_%287314673472%29_%28tall%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Brian_Wilson_%287314673472%29_%28tall%29.jpg/150px-Brian_Wilson_%287314673472%29_%28tall%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Brian_Wilson_%287314673472%29_%28tall%29.jpg/200px-Brian_Wilson_%287314673472%29_%28tall%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1941" data-file-height="2588" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Brian_Wilson" title="Brian Wilson">Brian Wilson</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eduardo_Frei_Chiledebate.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Eduardo_Frei_Chiledebate.jpg/100px-Eduardo_Frei_Chiledebate.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Eduardo_Frei_Chiledebate.jpg/150px-Eduardo_Frei_Chiledebate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Eduardo_Frei_Chiledebate.jpg/200px-Eduardo_Frei_Chiledebate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="561" data-file-height="808" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Frei_Ruiz-Tagle" title="Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle">Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_2" title="June 2">June 2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Buzan" title="Tony Buzan">Tony Buzan</a>, English author and educational consultant (d. <a href="/wiki/2019" title="2019">2019</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Malofeyev" title="Eduard Malofeyev">Eduard Malofeyev</a>, Russian footballer and coach</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_3" title="June 3">June 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Curtis_Mayfield" title="Curtis Mayfield">Curtis Mayfield</a>, African-American musician (d. <a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_5" title="June 5">June 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Teodoro_Obiang_Nguema_Mbasogo" title="Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo">Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_Equatorial_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="President of Equatorial Guinea">President of Equatorial Guinea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_African_Union" title="Chairperson of the African Union">Chairperson of the African Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_6" title="June 6">June 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sandra_Morgan" title="Sandra Morgan">Sandra Morgan</a>, Australian swimmer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_7" title="June 7">June 7</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Muammar Gaddafi">Muammar Gaddafi</a>, Libyan revolutionary, politician, and political theorist (d. <a href="/wiki/2011" title="2011">2011</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anneke_Gr%C3%B6nloh" title="Anneke Grönloh">Anneke Grönloh</a>, Dutch singer (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_8" title="June 8">June 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Dubochet" title="Jacques Dubochet">Jacques Dubochet</a>, Swiss biophysicist, recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_10" title="June 10">June 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Preston_Manning" title="Preston Manning">Preston Manning</a>, Canadian politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_12" title="June 12">June 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bert_Sakmann" title="Bert Sakmann">Bert Sakmann</a>, German physiologist, recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_13" title="June 13">June 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Abdulsalami_Abubakar" title="Abdulsalami Abubakar">Abdulsalami Abubakar</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_Nigeria" title="President of Nigeria">President of Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_14" title="June 14">June 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Andy_Irvine_(musician)" title="Andy Irvine (musician)">Andy Irvine</a>, Irish folk musician<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_16" title="June 16">June 16</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Agostini" title="Giacomo Agostini">Giacomo Agostini</a>, Italian motorcycle racer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rostill" title="John Rostill">John Rostill</a>, English bassist, musician and composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1973" title="1973">1973</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_17" title="June 17">June 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_El_Baradei" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohamed El Baradei">Mohamed El Baradei</a>, Egyptian International Atomic Energy Agency director, recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_18" title="June 18">June 18</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Ebert" title="Roger Ebert">Roger Ebert</a>, American film critic and television personality (d. <a href="/wiki/2013" title="2013">2013</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thabo_Mbeki" title="Thabo Mbeki">Thabo Mbeki</a>, South African politician and 12th <a href="/wiki/President_of_South_Africa" title="President of South Africa">President of South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_McCartney" title="Paul McCartney">Paul McCartney</a>, English musician and composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Radle" title="Carl Radle">Carl Radle</a>, American bass guitarist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Tate" title="Nick Tate">Nick Tate</a>, Australian actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Vonk_(conductor)" title="Hans Vonk (conductor)">Hans Vonk</a>, Dutch conductor (d. <a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_20" title="June 20">June 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Brian_Wilson" title="Brian Wilson">Brian Wilson</a>, American singer, composer and producer (<a href="/wiki/The_Beach_Boys" title="The Beach Boys">The Beach Boys</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_21" title="June 21">June 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Flaviano_Vicentini" title="Flaviano Vicentini">Flaviano Vicentini</a>, Italian cyclist (d. 2002)<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_22" title="June 22">June 22</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toyohiro_Akiyama" title="Toyohiro Akiyama">Toyohiro Akiyama</a>, Japanese cosmonaut</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eumir_Deodato" title="Eumir Deodato">Eumir Deodato</a>, Brazilian pianist, composer, arranger and producer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laila_Freivalds" title="Laila Freivalds">Laila Freivalds</a>, Swedish politician</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_23" title="June 23">June 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Martin_Rees" title="Martin Rees">Martin Rees</a>, British cosmologist and astrophysicist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_24" title="June 24">June 24</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michele_Lee" title="Michele Lee">Michele Lee</a>, American actress and singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Frei_Ruiz-Tagle" title="Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle">Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle</a>, Chilean politician and 33rd <a href="/wiki/President_of_Chile" title="President of Chile">President of Chile</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_25" title="June 25">June 25</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Willis_Reed" title="Willis Reed">Willis Reed</a>, African-American basketball player, coach and general manager (d. <a href="/wiki/2023" title="2023">2023</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Tremblay" title="Michel Tremblay">Michel Tremblay</a>, French-Canadian novelist and playwright</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_26" title="June 26">June 26</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gilberto_Gil" title="Gilberto Gil">Gilberto Gil</a>, Brazilian singer, politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Taylor" title="Larry Taylor">Larry Taylor</a>, American bass guitarist (<a href="/wiki/Canned_Heat" title="Canned Heat">Canned Heat</a>) (d. <a href="/wiki/2019" title="2019">2019</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_27" title="June 27">June 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Johnston" title="Bruce Johnston">Bruce Johnston</a>, American singer and songwriter (<a href="/wiki/The_Beach_Boys" title="The Beach Boys">The Beach Boys</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_28" title="June 28">June 28</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Hani" title="Chris Hani">Chris Hani</a>, South African politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1993" title="1993">1993</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupert_Sheldrake" title="Rupert Sheldrake">Rupert Sheldrake</a>, British biochemist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Zane" title="Frank Zane">Frank Zane</a>, American professional bodybuilder and author</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_30" title="June 30">June 30</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Ballard" title="Robert Ballard">Robert Ballard</a>, American explorer, Navy officer and professor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Ou%C3%A9draogo" title="Jean-Baptiste Ouédraogo">Jean-Baptiste Ouédraogo</a>, 4th President of Burkina Faso</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_von_Thun" title="Friedrich von Thun">Friedrich von Thun</a>, Austrian actor</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July_2">July</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1942&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: July"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Izzat_Ibrahim_al-Douri_portrait.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Izzat_Ibrahim_al-Douri_portrait.png/100px-Izzat_Ibrahim_al-Douri_portrait.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Izzat_Ibrahim_al-Douri_portrait.png/150px-Izzat_Ibrahim_al-Douri_portrait.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Izzat_Ibrahim_al-Douri_portrait.png/200px-Izzat_Ibrahim_al-Douri_portrait.png 2x" data-file-width="539" data-file-height="691" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Izzat_Ibrahim_al-Douri" title="Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri">Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vicente_Fox_Official_Photo_2000_(Cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Vicente_Fox_Official_Photo_2000_%28Cropped%29.jpg/100px-Vicente_Fox_Official_Photo_2000_%28Cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Vicente_Fox_Official_Photo_2000_%28Cropped%29.jpg/150px-Vicente_Fox_Official_Photo_2000_%28Cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Vicente_Fox_Official_Photo_2000_%28Cropped%29.jpg/200px-Vicente_Fox_Official_Photo_2000_%28Cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1203" data-file-height="1828" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vicente_Fox" title="Vicente Fox">Vicente Fox</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Richard_Roundtree_1973.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Richard_Roundtree_1973.JPG/100px-Richard_Roundtree_1973.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Richard_Roundtree_1973.JPG/150px-Richard_Roundtree_1973.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Richard_Roundtree_1973.JPG/200px-Richard_Roundtree_1973.JPG 2x" data-file-width="685" data-file-height="895" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Richard_Roundtree" title="Richard Roundtree">Richard Roundtree</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Harrison_Ford_by_Gage_Skidmore_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Harrison_Ford_by_Gage_Skidmore_3.jpg/100px-Harrison_Ford_by_Gage_Skidmore_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Harrison_Ford_by_Gage_Skidmore_3.jpg/150px-Harrison_Ford_by_Gage_Skidmore_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Harrison_Ford_by_Gage_Skidmore_3.jpg/200px-Harrison_Ford_by_Gage_Skidmore_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2376" data-file-height="3352" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Harrison_Ford" title="Harrison Ford">Harrison Ford</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roger_McGuinn_-_Natick,_MA_(2011).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Roger_McGuinn_-_Natick%2C_MA_%282011%29.jpg/100px-Roger_McGuinn_-_Natick%2C_MA_%282011%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Roger_McGuinn_-_Natick%2C_MA_%282011%29.jpg/150px-Roger_McGuinn_-_Natick%2C_MA_%282011%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Roger_McGuinn_-_Natick%2C_MA_%282011%29.jpg/200px-Roger_McGuinn_-_Natick%2C_MA_%282011%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2922" data-file-height="4384" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Roger_McGuinn" title="Roger McGuinn">Roger McGuinn</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Javier_Solana_1999.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Javier_Solana_1999.jpg/100px-Javier_Solana_1999.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Javier_Solana_1999.jpg/150px-Javier_Solana_1999.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Javier_Solana_1999.jpg/200px-Javier_Solana_1999.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1980" data-file-height="2940" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Javier_Solana" title="Javier Solana">Javier Solana</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chris_Sarandon_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Chris_Sarandon_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/100px-Chris_Sarandon_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Chris_Sarandon_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/150px-Chris_Sarandon_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Chris_Sarandon_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/200px-Chris_Sarandon_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3021" data-file-height="3926" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chris_Sarandon" title="Chris Sarandon">Chris Sarandon</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_1" title="July 1">July 1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genevi%C3%A8ve_Bujold" title="Geneviève Bujold">Geneviève Bujold</a>, Canadian actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andra%C3%A9_Crouch" title="Andraé Crouch">Andraé Crouch</a>, American gospel singer (d. <a href="/wiki/2015" title="2015">2015</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izzat_Ibrahim_al-Douri" title="Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri">Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri</a>, 6th <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Iraq" title="Vice President of Iraq">Vice President of Iraq</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2020" title="2020">2020</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wim_T._Schippers" title="Wim T. Schippers">Wim T. Schippers</a>, Dutch artist, comedian, television director, and voice actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Yang" title="Timothy Yang">Timothy Yang</a>, Taiwanese diplomat and politician</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2" title="July 2">July 2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vicente_Fox" title="Vicente Fox">Vicente Fox</a>, 55th <a href="/wiki/President_of_Mexico" title="President of Mexico">President of Mexico</a><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmet_T%C3%BCrk" title="Ahmet Türk">Ahmet Türk</a>, Kurdish nationalist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Cutillas" title="Juan Cutillas">Juan Cutillas</a>, footballer and Spanish soccer coach</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_3" title="July 3">July 3</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Johnson_(singer)" title="Kevin Johnson (singer)">Kevin Johnson</a>, Australian singer-songwriter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddy_Mitchell" title="Eddy Mitchell">Eddy Mitchell</a>, French singer and actor</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_4" title="July 4">July 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Prince_Michael_of_Kent" title="Prince Michael of Kent">Prince Michael of Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_5" title="July 5">July 5</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Shaffer" title="Louise Shaffer">Louise Shaffer</a>, American actress, script writer, and author</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannes_L%C3%B6hr" title="Hannes Löhr">Hannes Löhr</a>, German footballer (d. <a href="/wiki/2016" title="2016">2016</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_6" title="July 6">July 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Depardon" title="Raymond Depardon">Raymond Depardon</a>, French photographer, photojournalist and documentary filmmaker</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_7" title="July 7">July 7</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carmen_Duncan" title="Carmen Duncan">Carmen Duncan</a>, Australian actress and activist (d. <a href="/wiki/2019" title="2019">2019</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hamid_II_(field_hockey)" title="Abdul Hamid II (field hockey)">Abdul Hamid II</a>, Pakistani field hockey player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_D._Pollard" title="Thomas D. Pollard">Thomas D. Pollard</a>, American educator, cell biologist and biophysicist</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_9" title="July 9">July 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Richard_Roundtree" title="Richard Roundtree">Richard Roundtree</a>, American actor (d. <a href="/wiki/2023" title="2023">2023</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_10" title="July 10">July 10</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ronnie_James_Dio" title="Ronnie James Dio">Ronnie James Dio</a>, American musician (d. <a href="/wiki/2010" title="2010">2010</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Klimuk" title="Pyotr Klimuk">Pyotr Klimuk</a>, Russian cosmonaut</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirjana_Markovi%C4%87" title="Mirjana Marković">Mirjana Marković</a>, Serbian politician, 3rd First Lady of <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2019" title="2019">2019</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lopo_do_Nascimento" title="Lopo do Nascimento">Lopo do Nascimento</a>, 1st <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Angola" title="Prime Minister of Angola">Prime Minister of Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixto_Rodriguez" title="Sixto Rodriguez">Sixto Rodriguez</a>, American singer-songwriter (d. <a href="/wiki/2023" title="2023">2023</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_11" title="July 11">July 11</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tomasz_Sta%C5%84ko" title="Tomasz Stańko">Tomasz Stańko</a>, Polish trumpeter, composer and improviser (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Jourden" title="Jean Jourden">Jean Jourden</a>, French cyclist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitorino" title="Vitorino">Vitorino</a>, Portuguese singer-songwriter</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_13" title="July 13">July 13</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_Ford" title="Harrison Ford">Harrison Ford</a>, American actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_McGuinn" title="Roger McGuinn">Roger McGuinn</a>, American musician (<a href="/wiki/The_Byrds" title="The Byrds">The Byrds</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_14" title="July 14">July 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Javier_Solana" title="Javier Solana">Javier Solana</a>, Spanish politician and diplomat</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_15" title="July 15">July 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mil_M%C3%A1scaras" title="Mil Máscaras">Mil Máscaras</a>, Mexican professional wrestler</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_16" title="July 16">July 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Court" title="Margaret Court">Margaret Court</a>, Australian tennis player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_17" title="July 17">July 17</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Connie_Hawkins" title="Connie Hawkins">Connie Hawkins</a>, American basketball player (d. <a href="/wiki/2017" title="2017">2017</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoot_Money" title="Zoot Money">Zoot Money</a>, English vocalist, keyboardist and bandleader</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_18" title="July 18">July 18</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Alexandre_of_Belgium" title="Prince Alexandre of Belgium">Prince Alexandre of Belgium</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2009" title="2009">2009</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giacinto_Facchetti" title="Giacinto Facchetti">Giacinto Facchetti</a>, Italian footballer (d. <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Ogi" title="Adolf Ogi">Adolf Ogi</a>, member of the Swiss Federal Council</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_19" title="July 19">July 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Kantor" title="Frederick Kantor">Frederick Kantor</a>, American physicist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_20" title="July 20">July 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Salvatore_Lo_Piccolo" title="Salvatore Lo Piccolo">Salvatore Lo Piccolo</a>, Italian mafioso</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_21" title="July 21">July 21</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Gomolka" title="Alfred Gomolka">Alfred Gomolka</a>, German politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9ronique_Vendell" title="Véronique Vendell">Véronique Vendell</a>, French actress</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_22" title="July 22">July 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Toyohiro_Akiyama" title="Toyohiro Akiyama">Toyohiro Akiyama</a>, Japanese TV journalist and astronaut</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_23" title="July 23">July 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Myra_Hindley" class="mw-redirect" title="Myra Hindley">Myra Hindley</a>, English multiple murderer (d. <a href="/wiki/2002" title="2002">2002</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_24" title="July 24">July 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Chris_Sarandon" title="Chris Sarandon">Chris Sarandon</a>, American actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_26" title="July 26">July 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hannelore_Elsner" title="Hannelore Elsner">Hannelore Elsner</a>, German actress (d. <a href="/wiki/2019" title="2019">2019</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_27" title="July 27">July 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Ralston" title="Dennis Ralston">Dennis Ralston</a>, American tennis player (d. <a href="/wiki/2020" title="2020">2020</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_29" title="July 29">July 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tony_Sirico" title="Tony Sirico">Tony Sirico</a>, American actor (d. <a href="/wiki/2022" title="2022">2022</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="August_2">August</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1942&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: August"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerry-Garcia-01cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Jerry-Garcia-01cropped.jpg/100px-Jerry-Garcia-01cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Jerry-Garcia-01cropped.jpg/150px-Jerry-Garcia-01cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Jerry-Garcia-01cropped.jpg/200px-Jerry-Garcia-01cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="723" data-file-height="927" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Garcia" title="Jerry Garcia">Jerry Garcia</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Isabel_Allende_Frankfurter_Buchmesse_2015_(cropped).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Isabel_Allende_Frankfurter_Buchmesse_2015_%28cropped%29.JPG/100px-Isabel_Allende_Frankfurter_Buchmesse_2015_%28cropped%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Isabel_Allende_Frankfurter_Buchmesse_2015_%28cropped%29.JPG/150px-Isabel_Allende_Frankfurter_Buchmesse_2015_%28cropped%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Isabel_Allende_Frankfurter_Buchmesse_2015_%28cropped%29.JPG/200px-Isabel_Allende_Frankfurter_Buchmesse_2015_%28cropped%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2360" data-file-height="3146" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Isabel_Allende" title="Isabel Allende">Isabel Allende</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:David_Lange_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/David_Lange_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-David_Lange_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/David_Lange_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-David_Lange_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/David_Lange_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-David_Lange_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="628" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/David_Lange" title="David Lange">David Lange</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tobin_Bell_At_For_The_Love_Of_Horror_2019_(cropped_3).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Tobin_Bell_At_For_The_Love_Of_Horror_2019_%28cropped_3%29.jpg/100px-Tobin_Bell_At_For_The_Love_Of_Horror_2019_%28cropped_3%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Tobin_Bell_At_For_The_Love_Of_Horror_2019_%28cropped_3%29.jpg/150px-Tobin_Bell_At_For_The_Love_Of_Horror_2019_%28cropped_3%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Tobin_Bell_At_For_The_Love_Of_Horror_2019_%28cropped_3%29.jpg/200px-Tobin_Bell_At_For_The_Love_Of_Horror_2019_%28cropped_3%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="766" data-file-height="1119" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tobin_Bell" title="Tobin Bell">Tobin Bell</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Hiss%C3%A8ne_Habr%C3%A9_of_Chad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/President_Hiss%C3%A8ne_Habr%C3%A9_of_Chad.jpg/100px-President_Hiss%C3%A8ne_Habr%C3%A9_of_Chad.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/President_Hiss%C3%A8ne_Habr%C3%A9_of_Chad.jpg/150px-President_Hiss%C3%A8ne_Habr%C3%A9_of_Chad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/President_Hiss%C3%A8ne_Habr%C3%A9_of_Chad.jpg/200px-President_Hiss%C3%A8ne_Habr%C3%A9_of_Chad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="657" data-file-height="836" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hiss%C3%A8ne_Habr%C3%A9" title="Hissène Habré">Hissène Habré</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Issac_Hayes_1998.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Issac_Hayes_1998.jpg/100px-Issac_Hayes_1998.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Issac_Hayes_1998.jpg/150px-Issac_Hayes_1998.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Issac_Hayes_1998.jpg/200px-Issac_Hayes_1998.jpg 2x" data-file-width="565" data-file-height="793" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Hayes" title="Isaac Hayes">Isaac Hayes</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jos%C3%A9_Eduardo_dos_Santos_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Jos%C3%A9_Eduardo_dos_Santos_2.jpg/100px-Jos%C3%A9_Eduardo_dos_Santos_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Jos%C3%A9_Eduardo_dos_Santos_2.jpg/150px-Jos%C3%A9_Eduardo_dos_Santos_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Jos%C3%A9_Eduardo_dos_Santos_2.jpg/200px-Jos%C3%A9_Eduardo_dos_Santos_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="454" data-file-height="681" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Eduardo_dos_Santos" title="José Eduardo dos Santos">José Eduardo dos Santos</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/August_1" title="August 1">August 1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Garcia" title="Jerry Garcia">Jerry Garcia</a>, American musician (d. <a href="/wiki/1995" title="1995">1995</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giancarlo_Giannini" title="Giancarlo Giannini">Giancarlo Giannini</a>, Italian actor</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2" title="August 2">August 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Isabel_Allende" title="Isabel Allende">Isabel Allende</a>, Chilean writer<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_4" title="August 4">August 4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Don_S._Davis" title="Don S. Davis">Don S. Davis</a>, American actor (d. <a href="/wiki/2008" title="2008">2008</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lange" title="David Lange">David Lange</a>, 32nd <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Prime Minister of New Zealand">Prime Minister of New Zealand</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_6" title="August 6">August 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Hamann" title="Evelyn Hamann">Evelyn Hamann</a>, German actress (d. <a href="/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_7" title="August 7">August 7</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tobin_Bell" title="Tobin Bell">Tobin Bell</a>, American actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garrison_Keillor" title="Garrison Keillor">Garrison Keillor</a>, American writer and radio host<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Monz%C3%B3n" title="Carlos Monzón">Carlos Monzón</a>, Argentine professional boxer (d. <a href="/wiki/1995" title="1995">1995</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caetano_Veloso" title="Caetano Veloso">Caetano Veloso</a>, Brazilian composer, singer, guitarist, writer, and political activist</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_9" title="August 9">August 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Miguel_Litt%C3%ADn" class="mw-redirect" title="Miguel Littín">Miguel Littín</a>, Chilean film director, screenwriter, film producer and novelist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_10" title="August 10">August 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Agep%C3%AA" title="Agepê">Agepê</a>, Brazilian singer/composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1995" title="1995">1995</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_13" title="August 13">August 13</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hiss%C3%A8ne_Habr%C3%A9" title="Hissène Habré">Hissène Habré</a>, 1st <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Chad" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Chad">Prime Minister</a> and 5th <a href="/wiki/President_of_Chad" class="mw-redirect" title="President of Chad">President of Chad</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2021" title="2021">2021</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Senegal_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Senegal-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_L._Stewart" title="Robert L. Stewart">Robert L. Stewart</a>, American astronaut</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_17" title="August 17">August 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Magomayev_(musician)" title="Muslim Magomayev (musician)">Muslim Magomayev</a>, Soviet, Azerbaijani and Russian singer (d. <a href="/wiki/2008" title="2008">2008</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_20" title="August 20">August 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Hayes" title="Isaac Hayes">Isaac Hayes</a>, American singer and actor (d. <a href="/wiki/2008" title="2008">2008</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_23" title="August 23">August 23</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Richey" title="Nancy Richey">Nancy Richey</a>, American tennis player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susana_Vieira" title="Susana Vieira">Susana Vieira</a>, Brazilian actress</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_24" title="August 24">August 24</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Peter_Korff" title="Hans Peter Korff">Hans Peter Korff</a>, German actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Uhlenbeck" title="Karen Uhlenbeck">Karen Uhlenbeck</a>, American mathematician</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_25" title="August 25">August 25</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imogen_Hassall" title="Imogen Hassall">Imogen Hassall</a>, English actress (d. <a href="/wiki/1980" title="1980">1980</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Jacobson" title="Howard Jacobson">Howard Jacobson</a>, British novelist and journalist</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_26" title="August 26">August 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_E._Blaha" title="John E. Blaha">John E. Blaha</a>, American astronaut</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_27" title="August 27">August 27</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daryl_Dragon" title="Daryl Dragon">Daryl Dragon</a>, American musician (d. <a href="/wiki/2019" title="2019">2019</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Bels%C3%B8" title="Tom Belsø">Tom Belsø</a>, Danish motor racing driver (d. <a href="/wiki/2020" title="2020">2020</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_28" title="August 28">August 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Eduardo_dos_Santos" title="José Eduardo dos Santos">José Eduardo dos Santos</a>, 2nd <a href="/wiki/President_of_Angola" title="President of Angola">President of Angola</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2022" title="2022">2022</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_29" title="August 29">August 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sterling_Morrison" title="Sterling Morrison">Sterling Morrison</a>, American musician (d. <a href="/wiki/1995" title="1995">1995</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_30" title="August 30">August 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Kani" title="John Kani">John Kani</a>, South African actor, director and playwright</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="September_2">September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1942&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Al_Jardine_2019_by_Glenn_Francis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Al_Jardine_2019_by_Glenn_Francis.jpg/100px-Al_Jardine_2019_by_Glenn_Francis.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Al_Jardine_2019_by_Glenn_Francis.jpg/150px-Al_Jardine_2019_by_Glenn_Francis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Al_Jardine_2019_by_Glenn_Francis.jpg/200px-Al_Jardine_2019_by_Glenn_Francis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2171" data-file-height="2720" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Al_Jardine" title="Al Jardine">Al Jardine</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Werner_Herzog_Venice_Film_Festival_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Werner_Herzog_Venice_Film_Festival_2009.jpg/100px-Werner_Herzog_Venice_Film_Festival_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Werner_Herzog_Venice_Film_Festival_2009.jpg/150px-Werner_Herzog_Venice_Film_Festival_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Werner_Herzog_Venice_Film_Festival_2009.jpg/200px-Werner_Herzog_Venice_Film_Festival_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1044" data-file-height="1484" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Werner_Herzog" title="Werner Herzog">Werner Herzog</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Emmerson_Mnangagwa_Official_Portrait_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Emmerson_Mnangagwa_Official_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Emmerson_Mnangagwa_Official_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Emmerson_Mnangagwa_Official_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Emmerson_Mnangagwa_Official_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Emmerson_Mnangagwa_Official_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Emmerson_Mnangagwa_Official_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="338" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Emmerson_Mnangagwa" title="Emmerson Mnangagwa">Emmerson Mnangagwa</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:4th_EPP_St_G%C3%A9ry_Dialogue;_Jan._2014_(12189287345)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/4th_EPP_St_G%C3%A9ry_Dialogue%3B_Jan._2014_%2812189287345%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-4th_EPP_St_G%C3%A9ry_Dialogue%3B_Jan._2014_%2812189287345%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/4th_EPP_St_G%C3%A9ry_Dialogue%3B_Jan._2014_%2812189287345%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-4th_EPP_St_G%C3%A9ry_Dialogue%3B_Jan._2014_%2812189287345%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/4th_EPP_St_G%C3%A9ry_Dialogue%3B_Jan._2014_%2812189287345%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-4th_EPP_St_G%C3%A9ry_Dialogue%3B_Jan._2014_%2812189287345%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="396" data-file-height="497" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Sch%C3%A4uble" title="Wolfgang Schäuble">Wolfgang Schäuble</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:McShaneTamLinRio311022_(1_of_21)_(52470810951)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/McShaneTamLinRio311022_%281_of_21%29_%2852470810951%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-McShaneTamLinRio311022_%281_of_21%29_%2852470810951%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/McShaneTamLinRio311022_%281_of_21%29_%2852470810951%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-McShaneTamLinRio311022_%281_of_21%29_%2852470810951%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/McShaneTamLinRio311022_%281_of_21%29_%2852470810951%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-McShaneTamLinRio311022_%281_of_21%29_%2852470810951%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1584" data-file-height="2433" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ian_McShane" title="Ian McShane">Ian McShane</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_1" title="September 1">September 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/C._J._Cherryh" title="C. J. Cherryh">C. J. Cherryh</a>, American writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2" title="September 2">September 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Shapiro_(lawyer)" title="Robert Shapiro (lawyer)">Robert Shapiro</a>, American lawyer and entrepreneur</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_3" title="September 3">September 3</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Hui" title="Michael Hui">Michael Hui</a>, Hong Kong film <a href="/wiki/Comedian" title="Comedian">comedian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Jardine" title="Al Jardine">Al Jardine</a>, American musician</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_4" title="September 4">September 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Floyd" title="Raymond Floyd">Raymond Floyd</a>, American golfer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_5" title="September 5">September 5</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denise_Fabre" title="Denise Fabre">Denise Fabre</a>, French television personality</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_Herzog" title="Werner Herzog">Werner Herzog</a>, German filmmaker</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Mata" title="Eduardo Mata">Eduardo Mata</a>, Mexican conductor and composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1995" title="1995">1995</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_6" title="September 6">September 6</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mel_McDaniel" title="Mel McDaniel">Mel McDaniel</a>, American country singer (d. <a href="/wiki/2011" title="2011">2011</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Wayne" title="Carol Wayne">Carol Wayne</a>, American television and film actress (d. <a href="/wiki/1985" title="1985">1985</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_7" title="September 7">September 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alan_Oakes" title="Alan Oakes">Alan Oakes</a>, English footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_8" title="September 8">September 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDelimir_%C5%BDilnik" title="Želimir Žilnik">Želimir Žilnik</a>, Serbian film director</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_9" title="September 9">September 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Iron_Sheik" title="The Iron Sheik">The Iron Sheik</a>, Iranian-American wrestler (d. <a href="/wiki/2023" title="2023">2023</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_11" title="September 11">September 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lola_Falana" title="Lola Falana">Lola Falana</a>, American singer, dancer, model and actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_14" title="September 14">September 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Arturo_Macapagal" title="Arturo Macapagal">Arturo Macapagal</a>, Filipino shooter (d. <a href="/wiki/2015" title="2015">2015</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_15" title="September 15">September 15</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lau_Hoi_Chew" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Lau Hoi Chew">Robert Lau Hoi Chew</a>, Malaysian politician (d. <a href="/wiki/2010" title="2010">2010</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wen_Jiabao" title="Wen Jiabao">Wen Jiabao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Premier of the People's Republic of China">Premier of the People's Republic of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmerson_Mnangagwa" title="Emmerson Mnangagwa">Emmerson Mnangagwa</a>, 3rd <a href="/wiki/President_of_Zimbabwe" title="President of Zimbabwe">President of Zimbabwe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_17" title="September 17">September 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lupe_Ontiveros" title="Lupe Ontiveros">Lupe Ontiveros</a>, American actress (d. <a href="/wiki/2012" title="2012">2012</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Graysmith" title="Robert Graysmith">Robert Graysmith</a>, American true crime author and former cartoonist</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_18" title="September 18">September 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Sch%C3%A4uble" title="Wolfgang Schäuble">Wolfgang Schäuble</a>, German politician (d. <a href="/wiki/2023" title="2023">2023</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_19" title="September 19">September 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Freda_Payne" title="Freda Payne">Freda Payne</a>, American singer and actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_20" title="September 20">September 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rose_Francine_Rogomb%C3%A9" title="Rose Francine Rogombé">Rose Francine Rogombé</a>, Gabonese lawyer and politician (d. <a href="/wiki/2015" title="2015">2015</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_22" title="September 22">September 22</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Ma" title="Wu Ma">Wu Ma</a>, Chinese film actor, director, producer and writer (d. <a href="/wiki/2014" title="2014">2014</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlena_Shaw" title="Marlena Shaw">Marlena Shaw</a>, American jazz singer (d. <a href="/wiki/2024" title="2024">2024</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Stern" title="David Stern">David Stern</a>, American commissioner of the National Basketball Association (d. <a href="/wiki/2020" title="2020">2020</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_25" title="September 25">September 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dee_Dee_Warwick" title="Dee Dee Warwick">Dee Dee Warwick</a>, American singer (d. <a href="/wiki/2008" title="2008">2008</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_26" title="September 26">September 26</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ingrid_Becker" title="Ingrid Becker">Ingrid Becker</a>, German athlete</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heidemarie_Cammerlander" title="Heidemarie Cammerlander">Heidemarie Cammerlander</a>, Austrian politician<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_28" title="September 28">September 28</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Bell" title="Marshall Bell">Marshall Bell</a>, American actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Cl%C3%A9menti" title="Pierre Clémenti">Pierre Clémenti</a>, French actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Maia" title="Tim Maia">Tim Maia</a>, Brazilian musician, songwriter and businessman (d. <a href="/wiki/1998" title="1998">1998</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justinian_Rweyemamu" title="Justinian Rweyemamu">Justinian Rweyemamu</a>, Tanzania's first major economics scholar (d. <a href="/wiki/1982" title="1982">1982</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_29" title="September 29">September 29</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yves_R%C3%A9nier" title="Yves Rénier">Yves Rénier</a>, French actor and filmmaker (d. <a href="/wiki/2021" title="2021">2021</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felice_Gimondi" title="Felice Gimondi">Felice Gimondi</a>, Italian racing cyclist (d. <a href="/wiki/2019" title="2019">2019</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madeline_Kahn" title="Madeline Kahn">Madeline Kahn</a>, American actress (d. <a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_McShane" title="Ian McShane">Ian McShane</a>, English actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Nelson" title="Bill Nelson">Bill Nelson</a>, American politician and astronaut</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Ponty" title="Jean-Luc Ponty">Jean-Luc Ponty</a>, French jazz violinist</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_30" title="September 30">September 30</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gus_Dudgeon" title="Gus Dudgeon">Gus Dudgeon</a>, English record producer (d. <a href="/wiki/2002" title="2002">2002</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankie_Lymon" title="Frankie Lymon">Frankie Lymon</a>, American singer (d. <a href="/wiki/1968" title="1968">1968</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sture_Pettersson" title="Sture Pettersson">Sture Pettersson</a>, Swedish cyclist (d. <a href="/wiki/1983" title="1983">1983</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October_2">October</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1942&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: October"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Britt_Ekland_2_Allan_Warren.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Britt_Ekland_2_Allan_Warren.jpg/100px-Britt_Ekland_2_Allan_Warren.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Britt_Ekland_2_Allan_Warren.jpg/150px-Britt_Ekland_2_Allan_Warren.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Britt_Ekland_2_Allan_Warren.jpg/200px-Britt_Ekland_2_Allan_Warren.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3684" data-file-height="5348" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Britt_Ekland" title="Britt Ekland">Britt Ekland</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joybeharpic_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Joybeharpic_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Joybeharpic_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Joybeharpic_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Joybeharpic_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Joybeharpic_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Joybeharpic_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="379" data-file-height="508" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Joy_Behar" title="Joy Behar">Joy Behar</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_actor_Amitabh_Bachchan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Indian_actor_Amitabh_Bachchan.jpg/100px-Indian_actor_Amitabh_Bachchan.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Indian_actor_Amitabh_Bachchan.jpg/150px-Indian_actor_Amitabh_Bachchan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Indian_actor_Amitabh_Bachchan.jpg/200px-Indian_actor_Amitabh_Bachchan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1194" data-file-height="1655" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Amitabh_Bachchan" title="Amitabh Bachchan">Amitabh Bachchan</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MichaelCrichton_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/MichaelCrichton_2.jpg/100px-MichaelCrichton_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/MichaelCrichton_2.jpg/150px-MichaelCrichton_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/MichaelCrichton_2.jpg/200px-MichaelCrichton_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="701" data-file-height="919" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Michael_Crichton" title="Michael Crichton">Michael Crichton</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_1" title="October 1">October 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Wallraff" title="Günter Wallraff">Günter Wallraff</a>, German investigative journalist <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Jabouille" title="Jean-Pierre Jabouille">Jean-Pierre Jabouille</a>, French <a href="/wiki/Formula_One" title="Formula One">F1</a> driver (d. <a href="/wiki/2023" title="2023">2023</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2" title="October 2">October 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Asha_Parekh" title="Asha Parekh">Asha Parekh</a>, Indian actress, film director and producer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_3" title="October 3">October 3</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Hindman" title="Earl Hindman">Earl Hindman</a>, American actor (d. <a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Perfumo" title="Roberto Perfumo">Roberto Perfumo</a>, Argentine footballer and sports commentator (d. <a href="/wiki/2016" title="2016">2016</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_6" title="October 6">October 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Britt_Ekland" title="Britt Ekland">Britt Ekland</a>, Swedish actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_7" title="October 7">October 7</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Baecker" title="Ronald Baecker">Ronald Baecker</a>, American computer scientist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joy_Behar" title="Joy Behar">Joy Behar</a>, American comedian and television personality</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_8" title="October 8">October 8</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Bates" title="Stanley Bates">Stanley Bates</a>, British actor and screenwriter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Minh_Tri%E1%BA%BFt" title="Nguyễn Minh Triết">Nguyễn Minh Triết</a>, 6th <a href="/wiki/President_of_Vietnam" title="President of Vietnam">President of Vietnam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_9" title="October 9">October 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Shukri_Ghanem" title="Shukri Ghanem">Shukri Ghanem</a>, Libyan politician (d. <a href="/wiki/2012" title="2012">2012</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_10" title="October 10">October 10</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Janis_Hansen_(singer)" title="Janis Hansen (singer)">Janis Hansen</a>, American singer and author (d. <a href="/wiki/2017" title="2017">2017</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radu_Vasile" title="Radu Vasile">Radu Vasile</a>, Prime Minister of Romania (d. <a href="/wiki/2013" title="2013">2013</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_11" title="October 11">October 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Amitabh_Bachchan" title="Amitabh Bachchan">Amitabh Bachchan</a>, Indian actor, film producer, and television host</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_12" title="October 12">October 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Daliah_Lavi" title="Daliah Lavi">Daliah Lavi</a>, Israeli actress and singer (d. <a href="/wiki/2017" title="2017">2017</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_13" title="October 13">October 13</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rutanya_Alda" title="Rutanya Alda">Rutanya Alda</a>, Latvian-American actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Jones" title="Jerry Jones">Jerry Jones</a>, American football team owner</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_19" title="October 19">October 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Vachss" title="Andrew Vachss">Andrew Vachss</a>, American author and attorney (d. <a href="/wiki/2021" title="2021">2021</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_20" title="October 20">October 20</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christel_DeHaan" title="Christel DeHaan">Christel DeHaan</a>, German-American businesswoman and philanthropist (d. <a href="/wiki/2020" title="2020">2020</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arto_Paasilinna" title="Arto Paasilinna">Arto Paasilinna</a>, Finnish writer (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christiane_N%C3%BCsslein-Volhard" title="Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard">Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard</a>, German biologist, recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_21" title="October 21">October 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Judy_Sheindlin" title="Judy Sheindlin">Judy Sheindlin</a>, American retired judge turned television personality (<i><a href="/wiki/Judge_Judy" title="Judge Judy">Judge Judy</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_22" title="October 22">October 22</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Fuller" title="Bobby Fuller">Bobby Fuller</a>, American rock singer, songwriter, and guitarist (d. <a href="/wiki/1966" title="1966">1966</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annette_Funicello" title="Annette Funicello">Annette Funicello</a>, American actress and singer (d. <a href="/wiki/2013" title="2013">2013</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Morales" title="Pedro Morales">Pedro Morales</a>, Puerto Rican professional wrestler (d. <a href="/wiki/2019" title="2019">2019</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_23" title="October 23">October 23</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Crichton" title="Michael Crichton">Michael Crichton</a>, American author (d. <a href="/wiki/2008" title="2008">2008</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anita_Roddick" title="Anita Roddick">Anita Roddick</a>, British businesswoman, human rights activist and campaigner (d. <a href="/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_24" title="October 24">October 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frank_Delaney" title="Frank Delaney">Frank Delaney</a>, Irish-born novelist, journalist and broadcaster (d. <a href="/wiki/2017" title="2017">2017</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_25" title="October 25">October 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gloria_Katz" title="Gloria Katz">Gloria Katz</a>, American screenwriter and film producer (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_26" title="October 26">October 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bob_Hoskins" title="Bob Hoskins">Bob Hoskins</a>, British actor (d. <a href="/wiki/2014" title="2014">2014</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_27" title="October 27">October 27</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Catherine" title="Philip Catherine">Philip Catherine</a>, Belgian jazz guitarist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Greenwood" title="Lee Greenwood">Lee Greenwood</a>, American country singer and songwriter</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_28" title="October 28">October 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kees_Verkerk" title="Kees Verkerk">Kees Verkerk</a>, Dutch speed skater</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_29" title="October 29">October 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bob_Ross" title="Bob Ross">Bob Ross</a>, American painter and television presenter (d. <a href="/wiki/1995" title="1995">1995</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_31" title="October 31">October 31</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Brizan" title="George Brizan">George Brizan</a>, 8th Prime Minister of Grenada (d. <a href="/wiki/2012" title="2012">2012</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Ogden_Stiers" title="David Ogden Stiers">David Ogden Stiers</a>, American actor and voice-over artist (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="November_2">November</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1942&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: November"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Martin_Scorsese_MFF_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Martin_Scorsese_MFF_2023.jpg/100px-Martin_Scorsese_MFF_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Martin_Scorsese_MFF_2023.jpg/150px-Martin_Scorsese_MFF_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Martin_Scorsese_MFF_2023.jpg/200px-Martin_Scorsese_MFF_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2373" data-file-height="3003" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joe_Biden_presidential_portrait_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Joe_Biden_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/94px-Joe_Biden_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="94" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Joe_Biden_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/141px-Joe_Biden_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Joe_Biden_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/187px-Joe_Biden_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1491" data-file-height="1988" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bob_Einstein_1970.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Bob_Einstein_1970.JPG/100px-Bob_Einstein_1970.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Bob_Einstein_1970.JPG/150px-Bob_Einstein_1970.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ac/Bob_Einstein_1970.JPG 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="285" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bob_Einstein" title="Bob Einstein">Bob Einstein</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guion_Bluford.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Guion_Bluford.jpg/100px-Guion_Bluford.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Guion_Bluford.jpg/150px-Guion_Bluford.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Guion_Bluford.jpg/200px-Guion_Bluford.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6625" data-file-height="8281" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Guion_Bluford" title="Guion Bluford">Guion Bluford</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Billy_Connolly_Festival_Cine_Sidney.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Billy_Connolly_Festival_Cine_Sidney.jpg/100px-Billy_Connolly_Festival_Cine_Sidney.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Billy_Connolly_Festival_Cine_Sidney.jpg/150px-Billy_Connolly_Festival_Cine_Sidney.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Billy_Connolly_Festival_Cine_Sidney.jpg/200px-Billy_Connolly_Festival_Cine_Sidney.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Sir <a href="/wiki/Billy_Connolly" title="Billy Connolly">Billy Connolly</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jimi_Hendrix_1967.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Jimi_Hendrix_1967.png/100px-Jimi_Hendrix_1967.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Jimi_Hendrix_1967.png/150px-Jimi_Hendrix_1967.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Jimi_Hendrix_1967.png/200px-Jimi_Hendrix_1967.png 2x" data-file-width="235" data-file-height="424" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jimi_Hendrix" title="Jimi Hendrix">Jimi Hendrix</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/November_1" title="November 1">November 1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Flynt" title="Larry Flynt">Larry Flynt</a>, American publisher (<i>Hustler</i>) (d. <a href="/wiki/2021" title="2021">2021</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Klein" title="Ralph Klein">Ralph Klein</a>, Canadian politician (d. <a href="/wiki/2013" title="2013">2013</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcia_Wallace" title="Marcia Wallace">Marcia Wallace</a>, American actress and comedian (d. <a href="/wiki/2013" title="2013">2013</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2" title="November 2">November 2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shere_Hite" title="Shere Hite">Shere Hite</a>, American-born German sexologist (d. <a href="/wiki/2020" title="2020">2020</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefanie_Powers" title="Stefanie Powers">Stefanie Powers</a>, American actress</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_5" title="November 5">November 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pierangelo_Bertoli" title="Pierangelo Bertoli">Pierangelo Bertoli</a>, Italian singer-songwriter (d. <a href="/wiki/2002" title="2002">2002</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_6" title="November 6">November 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean_Shrimpton" title="Jean Shrimpton">Jean Shrimpton</a>, English model and actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_7" title="November 7">November 7</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Peters_(writer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tom Peters (writer)">Tom Peters</a>, American writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Rivers" title="Johnny Rivers">Johnny Rivers</a>, American musician, singer and songwriter</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_8" title="November 8">November 8</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angel_Cordero_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Angel Cordero Jr.">Angel Cordero Jr.</a>, Puerto Rican jockey</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandro_Mazzola" title="Sandro Mazzola">Sandro Mazzola</a>, Italian footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Sorrentino" title="Fernando Sorrentino">Fernando Sorrentino</a>, Argentine writer</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_10" title="November 10">November 10</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Engle" title="Robert F. Engle">Robert F. Engle</a>, American economist, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel Prize in Economics">Nobel Prize</a> laureate</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Rudolf_Merz" title="Hans-Rudolf Merz">Hans-Rudolf Merz</a>, Swiss federal councillor</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_11" title="November 11">November 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/K._Connie_Kang" title="K. Connie Kang">K. Connie Kang</a>, Korean American journalist and author (d. <a href="/wiki/2019" title="2019">2019</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_15" title="November 15">November 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Barenboim" title="Daniel Barenboim">Daniel Barenboim</a>, Argentine-born pianist and conductor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_16" title="November 16">November 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joanna_Pettet" title="Joanna Pettet">Joanna Pettet</a>, British-born Canadian actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_17" title="November 17">November 17</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Clayton" title="Derek Clayton">Derek Clayton</a>, Australian long-distance runner</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Gaudio" title="Bob Gaudio">Bob Gaudio</a>, American musician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kang_Kek_Iew" title="Kang Kek Iew">Kang Kek Iew</a>, Cambodian politician and criminal (d. <a href="/wiki/2020" title="2020">2020</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istv%C3%A1n_Roszt%C3%B3czy" title="István Rosztóczy">István Rosztóczy</a>, Hungarian microbiologist (d. <a href="/wiki/1993" title="1993">1993</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a>, American film director</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_18" title="November 18">November 18</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Evans" title="Linda Evans">Linda Evans</a>, American actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Sullivan" title="Susan Sullivan">Susan Sullivan</a>, American actress</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_19" title="November 19">November 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Calvin_Klein" title="Calvin Klein">Calvin Klein</a>, American fashion designer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_20" title="November 20">November 20</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a>, 46th <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Einstein" title="Bob Einstein">Bob Einstein</a>, American actor, producer and screenwriter (d. <a href="/wiki/2019" title="2019">2019</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Greenbaum" title="Norman Greenbaum">Norman Greenbaum</a>, American singer-songwriter</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_21" title="November 21">November 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Al_Matthews_(actor)" title="Al Matthews (actor)">Al Matthews</a>, African-American actor and singer (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_22" title="November 22">November 22</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francis_K._Butagira" title="Francis K. Butagira">Francis K. Butagira</a>, Ugandan ambassador</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Stockton" title="Dick Stockton">Dick Stockton</a>, American sports announcer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guion_Bluford" title="Guion Bluford">Guion Bluford</a>, African-American astronaut</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_23" title="November 23">November 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Susan_Anspach" title="Susan Anspach">Susan Anspach</a>, American actress (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_24" title="November 24">November 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Billy_Connolly" title="Billy Connolly">Billy Connolly</a>, Scottish comedian and singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_25" title="November 25">November 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rosa_von_Praunheim" title="Rosa von Praunheim">Rosa von Praunheim</a>, German film director, author and painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_26" title="November 26">November 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Olivia_Cole" title="Olivia Cole">Olivia Cole</a>, African-American actress (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_27" title="November 27">November 27</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manolo_Blahnik" title="Manolo Blahnik">Manolo Blahnik</a>, Spanish shoe designer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimi_Hendrix" title="Jimi Hendrix">Jimi Hendrix</a>, American guitarist (d. <a href="/wiki/1970" title="1970">1970</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_28" title="November 28">November 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Eric_Shinseki" title="Eric Shinseki">Eric Shinseki</a>, American U.S. Army General</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_29" title="November 29">November 29</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Craze" title="Michael Craze">Michael Craze</a>, British actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1998" title="1998">1998</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Huttenlocher" title="Philippe Huttenlocher">Philippe Huttenlocher</a>, Swiss baritone</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_30" title="November 30">November 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Brahic" title="André Brahic">André Brahic</a>, French astrophysicist (d. <a href="/wiki/2016" title="2016">2016</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="December_2">December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1942&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Muhammadu_Buhari,_President_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Nigeria_(cropped3).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Muhammadu_Buhari%2C_President_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Nigeria_%28cropped3%29.jpg/100px-Muhammadu_Buhari%2C_President_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Nigeria_%28cropped3%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Muhammadu_Buhari%2C_President_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Nigeria_%28cropped3%29.jpg/150px-Muhammadu_Buhari%2C_President_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Nigeria_%28cropped3%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Muhammadu_Buhari%2C_President_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Nigeria_%28cropped3%29.jpg/200px-Muhammadu_Buhari%2C_President_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Nigeria_%28cropped3%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4678" data-file-height="6174" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Muhammadu_Buhari" title="Muhammadu Buhari">Muhammadu Buhari</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paul_Butterfield_79.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Paul_Butterfield_79.jpg/100px-Paul_Butterfield_79.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Paul_Butterfield_79.jpg/150px-Paul_Butterfield_79.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Paul_Butterfield_79.jpg/200px-Paul_Butterfield_79.jpg 2x" data-file-width="503" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Paul_Butterfield" title="Paul Butterfield">Paul Butterfield</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hu_Jintao_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Hu_Jintao_2012.jpg/100px-Hu_Jintao_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Hu_Jintao_2012.jpg/150px-Hu_Jintao_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Hu_Jintao_2012.jpg/200px-Hu_Jintao_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1052" data-file-height="1454" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hu_Jintao" title="Hu Jintao">Hu Jintao</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Monkees_1966_-_Nesmith.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/The_Monkees_1966_-_Nesmith.JPG/100px-The_Monkees_1966_-_Nesmith.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/The_Monkees_1966_-_Nesmith.JPG/150px-The_Monkees_1966_-_Nesmith.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/The_Monkees_1966_-_Nesmith.JPG/200px-The_Monkees_1966_-_Nesmith.JPG 2x" data-file-width="562" data-file-height="831" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Michael_Nesmith" title="Michael Nesmith">Michael Nesmith</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/December_1" title="December 1">December 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Clauser" title="John Clauser">John Clauser</a>, American quantum physicist, recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize in Physics</a><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2" title="December 2">December 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francisque_Ravony" title="Francisque Ravony">Francisque Ravony</a>, 7th Prime Minister of Madagascar (d. <a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_3" title="December 3">December 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alice_Schwarzer" title="Alice Schwarzer">Alice Schwarzer</a>, German feminist, founder and publisher of German feminist journal <i>EMMA</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_4" title="December 4">December 4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_%22Red%22_Dawson" title="William "Red" Dawson">William “Red” Dawson</a>, American football player and coach</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Hunt" title="Al Hunt">Al Hunt</a>, American columnist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemma_Jones" title="Gemma Jones">Gemma Jones</a>, British actress</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_6" title="December 6">December 6</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chelsea_Brown" title="Chelsea Brown">Chelsea Brown</a>, American actress (d. <a href="/wiki/2017" title="2017">2017</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Handke" title="Peter Handke">Peter Handke</a>, Austrian novelist</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_7" title="December 7">December 7</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Chapin" title="Harry Chapin">Harry Chapin</a>, American singer-songwriter (d. <a href="/wiki/1981" title="1981">1981</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Lewis" title="Reginald Lewis">Reginald Lewis</a>, American businessman (d. <a href="/wiki/1993" title="1993">1993</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Tomarken" title="Peter Tomarken">Peter Tomarken</a>, American game-show host (d. <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_8" title="December 8">December 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Toots_Hibbert" title="Toots Hibbert">Toots Hibbert</a>, Jamaican reggae singer-songwriter (d. <a href="/wiki/2020" title="2020">2020</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_9" title="December 9">December 9</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Butkus" title="Dick Butkus">Dick Butkus</a>, American football player (d. <a href="/wiki/2023" title="2023">2023</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Bremner" title="Billy Bremner">Billy Bremner</a>, Scottish footballer (d. <a href="/wiki/1997" title="1997">1997</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_17" title="December 17">December 17</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammadu_Buhari" title="Muhammadu Buhari">Muhammadu Buhari</a>, Nigerian army general and 15th <a href="/wiki/President_of_Nigeria" title="President of Nigeria">President of Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Butterfield" title="Paul Butterfield">Paul Butterfield</a>, American musician (d. <a href="/wiki/1987" title="1987">1987</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_19" title="December 19">December 19</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Milan_Milutinovic" class="mw-redirect" title="Milan Milutinovic">Milan Milutinovic</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_Serbia" title="President of Serbia">President of Serbia</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2023" title="2023">2023</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Okerlund" title="Gene Okerlund">Gene Okerlund</a>, American wrestling announcer (d. <a href="/wiki/2019" title="2019">2019</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_20" title="December 20">December 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bob_Hayes" title="Bob Hayes">Bob Hayes</a>, African-American athlete (d. <a href="/wiki/2002" title="2002">2002</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_21" title="December 21">December 21</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hu_Jintao" title="Hu Jintao">Hu Jintao</a>, <a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party</a>, 6th <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the People's Republic of China">President of the People's Republic of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carla_Thomas" title="Carla Thomas">Carla Thomas</a>, American singer</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_24" title="December 24">December 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9di_M%27henni" title="Hédi M'henni">Hédi M'henni</a>, Tunisian politician (d. <a href="/wiki/2024" title="2024">2024</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_27" title="December 27">December 27</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muruga_Booker" title="Muruga Booker">Muruga Booker</a>, American drummer, composer, inventor, artist and recording artist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charmian_Carr" title="Charmian Carr">Charmian Carr</a>, American actress (d. <a href="/wiki/2016" title="2016">2016</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Menino" title="Thomas Menino">Thomas Menino</a>, 53rd <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Boston" title="Mayor of Boston">Mayor of Boston, Massachusetts</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2014" title="2014">2014</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_29" title="December 29">December 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rajesh_Khanna" title="Rajesh Khanna">Rajesh Khanna</a>, Indian actor (d. <a href="/wiki/2012" title="2012">2012</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_30" title="December 30">December 30</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Aberlin" title="Betty Aberlin">Betty Aberlin</a>, American actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Bukovsky" title="Vladimir Bukovsky">Vladimir Bukovsky</a>, Russian-born British human rights activist and political dissident (d. <a href="/wiki/2019" title="2019">2019</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Charleston" title="Anne Charleston">Anne Charleston</a>, Australian actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Gotthelf" title="Allan Gotthelf">Allan Gotthelf</a>, American philosopher (d. <a href="/wiki/2013" title="2013">2013</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Nesmith" title="Michael Nesmith">Michael Nesmith</a>, American musician, singer-songwriter, producer (d. <a href="/wiki/2021" title="2021">2021</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janko_Prunk" title="Janko Prunk">Janko Prunk</a>, Slovenian historian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Ward" title="Fred Ward">Fred Ward</a>, American actor and producer (d. <a href="/wiki/2022" title="2022">2022</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_31" title="December 31">December 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Taufiq_Kiemas" title="Taufiq Kiemas">Taufiq Kiemas</a>, 5th <a href="/wiki/Spouses_of_the_Presidents_of_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Spouses of the Presidents of Indonesia">First Spouse of Indonesia</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2013" title="2013">2013</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deaths">Deaths</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1942&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Deaths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <table id="toc" class="toc" summary="Deaths" style="margin: auto; text-align: center; display: inline-block;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Deaths </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="#January_3">January</a> · <a href="#February_3">February</a> · <a href="#March_3">March</a> · <a href="#April_3">April</a> · <a href="#May_3">May</a> · <a href="#June_3">June</a> · <a href="#July_3">July</a> · <a href="#August_3">August</a> · <a href="#September_3">September</a> · <a href="#October_3">October</a> · <a href="#November_3">November</a> · <a href="#December_3">December</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January_3">January</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1942&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: January"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mel_Sheppard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Mel_Sheppard.jpg/100px-Mel_Sheppard.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Mel_Sheppard.jpg/150px-Mel_Sheppard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/Mel_Sheppard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="189" data-file-height="230" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mel_Sheppard" title="Mel Sheppard">Mel Sheppard</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Henri_de_Baillet-Latour.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Henri_de_Baillet-Latour.jpg/100px-Henri_de_Baillet-Latour.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Henri_de_Baillet-Latour.jpg/150px-Henri_de_Baillet-Latour.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Henri_de_Baillet-Latour.jpg 2x" data-file-width="198" data-file-height="272" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Baillet-Latour" title="Henri de Baillet-Latour">Henri de Baillet-Latour</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Emil_Szramek.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Emil_Szramek.png/100px-Emil_Szramek.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Emil_Szramek.png/150px-Emil_Szramek.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Emil_Szramek.png/200px-Emil_Szramek.png 2x" data-file-width="261" data-file-height="376" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Emil_Szramek" title="Emil Szramek">Emil Szramek</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carole_Lombard_1940.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Carole_Lombard_1940.jpg/100px-Carole_Lombard_1940.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Carole_Lombard_1940.jpg/150px-Carole_Lombard_1940.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Carole_Lombard_1940.jpg/200px-Carole_Lombard_1940.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="2562" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Carole_Lombard" title="Carole Lombard">Carole Lombard</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Racho_Petrov.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Racho_Petrov.jpg/100px-Racho_Petrov.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Racho_Petrov.jpg/150px-Racho_Petrov.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Racho_Petrov.jpg/200px-Racho_Petrov.jpg 2x" data-file-width="425" data-file-height="567" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Racho_Petrov" title="Racho Petrov">Racho Petrov</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lu%C3%ADs_de_Saxe-Coburgo_e_Bragan%C3%A7a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Lu%C3%ADs_de_Saxe-Coburgo_e_Bragan%C3%A7a.jpg/100px-Lu%C3%ADs_de_Saxe-Coburgo_e_Bragan%C3%A7a.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Lu%C3%ADs_de_Saxe-Coburgo_e_Bragan%C3%A7a.jpg/150px-Lu%C3%ADs_de_Saxe-Coburgo_e_Bragan%C3%A7a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Lu%C3%ADs_de_Saxe-Coburgo_e_Bragan%C3%A7a.jpg/200px-Lu%C3%ADs_de_Saxe-Coburgo_e_Bragan%C3%A7a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="657" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Prince_Ludwig_Gaston_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="Prince Ludwig Gaston of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Prince Ludwig Gaston of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_2" title="January 2">January 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ivande_Kaija" title="Ivande Kaija">Ivande Kaija</a>, Soviet writer and feminist (b. <a href="/wiki/1876" title="1876">1876</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_4" title="January 4">January 4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Fairbrother" title="Sydney Fairbrother">Sydney Fairbrother</a>, British actress (b. <a href="/wiki/1872" title="1872">1872</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mel_Sheppard" title="Mel Sheppard">Mel Sheppard</a>, American Olympic athlete (b. <a href="/wiki/1883" title="1883">1883</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otis_Skinner" title="Otis Skinner">Otis Skinner</a>, American actor (b. <a href="/wiki/1858" title="1858">1858</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_6" title="January 6">January 6</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Calv%C3%A9" title="Emma Calvé">Emma Calvé</a>, French soprano (b. <a href="/wiki/1858" title="1858">1858</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Baillet-Latour" title="Henri de Baillet-Latour">Henri de Baillet-Latour</a>, 3rd <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_International_Olympic_Committee" title="President of the International Olympic Committee">President of the International Olympic Committee</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1876" title="1876">1876</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_9" title="January 9">January 9</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heber_Doust_Curtis" title="Heber Doust Curtis">Heber Doust Curtis</a>, American astronomer (b. <a href="/wiki/1872" title="1872">1872</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Grali%C5%84ski" title="Jan Graliński">Jan Graliński</a>, Polish general (b. <a href="/wiki/1895" title="1895">1895</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_13" title="January 13">January 13</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Ignatowski" title="Vladimir Ignatowski">Vladimir Ignatowski</a>, Soviet physicist (b. <a href="/wiki/1875" title="1875">1875</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Szramek" title="Emil Szramek">Emil Szramek</a>, Polish <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholic</a> priest, martyr and saint (b. <a href="/wiki/1887" title="1887">1887</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Jean_Baptiste_Marie_Vayssi%C3%A8re" title="Albert Jean Baptiste Marie Vayssière">Albert Jean Baptiste Marie Vayssière</a>, French biologist and scientist (b. <a href="/wiki/1854" title="1854">1854</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_16" title="January 16">January 16</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Arthur,_Duke_of_Connaught_and_Strathearn" title="Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn">Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn</a>, 2nd youngest son of <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1850" title="1850">1850</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Jeremiah_Colman,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Jeremiah Colman, 1st Baronet">Sir Jeremiah Colman, 1st Baronet</a>, British industrialist (b. <a href="/wiki/1859" title="1859">1859</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carole_Lombard" title="Carole Lombard">Carole Lombard</a>, American actress (b. <a href="/wiki/1908" title="1908">1908</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_17" title="January 17">January 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Walther_von_Reichenau" class="mw-redirect" title="Walther von Reichenau">Walther von Reichenau</a>, German field marshal (b. <a href="/wiki/1884" title="1884">1884</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_18" title="January 18">January 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_P._Parker" title="James P. Parker">James P. Parker</a>, United States Navy commodore (b. <a href="/wiki/1855" title="1855">1855</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_21" title="January 21">January 21</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christiaan_Cornelissen" title="Christiaan Cornelissen">Christiaan Cornelissen</a>, Dutch writer, economic and trade unionist (b. <a href="/wiki/1864" title="1864">1864</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidoro_Di%C3%A9guez_Due%C3%B1as" title="Isidoro Diéguez Dueñas">Isidoro Diéguez Dueñas</a>, Spanish bricklayer (b. <a href="/wiki/1909" title="1909">1909</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jes%C3%BAs_Larra%C3%B1aga" title="Jesús Larrañaga">Jesús Larrañaga</a>, Spanish communist leader (b. <a href="/wiki/1901" title="1901">1901</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_22" title="January 22">January 22</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Sickert" title="Walter Sickert">Walter Sickert</a>, British Impressionist painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1860" title="1860">1860</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racho_Petrov" title="Racho Petrov">Racho Petrov</a>, Bulgarian general and politician, 12th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Bulgaria" title="Prime Minister of Bulgaria">Prime Minister of Bulgaria</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1861" title="1861">1861</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_23" title="January 23">January 23</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Ludwig_Gaston_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="Prince Ludwig Gaston of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Prince Ludwig Gaston of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1870" title="1870">1870</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazareno_Strampelli" title="Nazareno Strampelli">Nazareno Strampelli</a>, Italian agronomist and plant breeder (b. <a href="/wiki/1866" title="1866">1866</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_26" title="January 26">January 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Felix_Hausdorff" title="Felix Hausdorff">Felix Hausdorff</a>, German mathematician (suicide) (b. <a href="/wiki/1868" title="1868">1868</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_27" title="January 27">January 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kaarel_Eenpalu" title="Kaarel Eenpalu">Kaarel Eenpalu</a>, Estonian journalist and politician, 7th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Estonia" title="Prime Minister of Estonia">Prime Minister of Estonia</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1888" title="1888">1888</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_29" title="January 29">January 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Esbensen" title="Viktor Esbensen">Viktor Esbensen</a>, Norwegian mariner (b. <a href="/wiki/1881" title="1881">1881</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="February_3">February</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1942&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: February"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ado_Birk_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Ado_Birk_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Ado_Birk_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Ado_Birk_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Ado_Birk_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Ado_Birk_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Ado_Birk_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="682" data-file-height="976" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ado_Birk" title="Ado Birk">Ado Birk</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Relander_LC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Relander_LC.jpg/100px-Relander_LC.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Relander_LC.jpg/150px-Relander_LC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Relander_LC.jpg/200px-Relander_LC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="396" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lauri_Kristian_Relander" title="Lauri Kristian Relander">Lauri Kristian Relander</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Malta_-_Floriana_-_Triq_Sarria_-_The_Mall_31_ies.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Malta_-_Floriana_-_Triq_Sarria_-_The_Mall_31_ies.jpg/100px-Malta_-_Floriana_-_Triq_Sarria_-_The_Mall_31_ies.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Malta_-_Floriana_-_Triq_Sarria_-_The_Mall_31_ies.jpg/150px-Malta_-_Floriana_-_Triq_Sarria_-_The_Mall_31_ies.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Malta_-_Floriana_-_Triq_Sarria_-_The_Mall_31_ies.jpg/200px-Malta_-_Floriana_-_Triq_Sarria_-_The_Mall_31_ies.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3744" data-file-height="5616" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ugo_Pasquale_Mifsud" title="Ugo Pasquale Mifsud">Ugo Pasquale Mifsud</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Epit%C3%A1cio_Pessoa_(pintura).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Epit%C3%A1cio_Pessoa_%28pintura%29.jpg/100px-Epit%C3%A1cio_Pessoa_%28pintura%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Epit%C3%A1cio_Pessoa_%28pintura%29.jpg/150px-Epit%C3%A1cio_Pessoa_%28pintura%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Epit%C3%A1cio_Pessoa_%28pintura%29.jpg/200px-Epit%C3%A1cio_Pessoa_%28pintura%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Epit%C3%A1cio_Pessoa" title="Epitácio Pessoa">Epitácio Pessoa</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_2" title="February 2">February 2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ado_Birk" title="Ado Birk">Ado Birk</a>, Estonian politician, 3rd <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Estonia" title="Prime Minister of Estonia">Prime Minister of Estonia</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1883" title="1883">1883</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonetto_Cappiello" title="Leonetto Cappiello">Leonetto Cappiello</a>, Italian poster designer and painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1875" title="1875">1875</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_7" title="February 7">February 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dorando_Pietri" title="Dorando Pietri">Dorando Pietri</a>, Italian Olympic athlete (b. <a href="/wiki/1885" title="1885">1885</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_8" title="February 8">February 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Todt" title="Fritz Todt">Fritz Todt</a>, Nazi German engineer (b. <a href="/wiki/1891" title="1891">1891</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_9" title="February 9">February 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lauri_Kristian_Relander" title="Lauri Kristian Relander">Lauri Kristian Relander</a>, 2nd <a href="/wiki/President_of_Finland" title="President of Finland">President of Finland</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1883" title="1883">1883</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_11" title="February 11">February 11</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jamnalal_Bajaj" title="Jamnalal Bajaj">Jamnalal Bajaj</a>, Indian industrialist and philanthropist (b. <a href="/wiki/1889" title="1889">1889</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugo_Pasquale_Mifsud" title="Ugo Pasquale Mifsud">Sir Ugo Pasquale Mifsud</a>, 3rd <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malta" title="Prime Minister of Malta">Prime Minister of Malta</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1889" title="1889">1889</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_12" title="February 12">February 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Grant_Wood" title="Grant Wood">Grant Wood</a>, American painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1891" title="1891">1891</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_13" title="February 13">February 13</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otakar_Batli%C4%8Dka" title="Otakar Batlička">Otakar Batlička</a>, Czechoslovakian adventurer and journalist (b. <a href="/wiki/1895" title="1895">1895</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epit%C3%A1cio_Pessoa" title="Epitácio Pessoa">Epitácio Pessoa</a>, Brazil jurist and politician, 11th <a href="/wiki/President_of_Brazil" title="President of Brazil">President of Brazil</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1865" title="1865">1865</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_14" title="February 14">February 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Miros%C5%82aw_Feri%C4%87" title="Mirosław Ferić">Mirosław Ferić</a>, Polish WWII fighter pilot (b. <a href="/wiki/1915" title="1915">1915</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_16" title="February 16">February 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ettore_Arrigoni_degli_Oddi" title="Ettore Arrigoni degli Oddi">Ettore Arrigoni degli Oddi</a>, Italian ornithologist (b. <a href="/wiki/1867" title="1867">1867</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_19" title="February 19">February 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frank_Abbandando" title="Frank Abbandando">Frank Abbandando</a>, American gangster (b. <a href="/wiki/1910" title="1910">1910</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_20" title="February 20">February 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hamad_ibn_Isa_Al_Khalifa_(1872%E2%80%931942)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamad ibn Isa Al Khalifa (1872–1942)">Hamad ibn Isa Al Khalifa</a>, Ruler of Bahrain (b. <a href="/wiki/1872" title="1872">1872</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_22" title="February 22">February 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Zweig" title="Stefan Zweig">Stefan Zweig</a>, Austrian writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1881" title="1881">1881</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_24" title="February 24">February 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anton_Drexler" title="Anton Drexler">Anton Drexler</a>, German far-right politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1884" title="1884">1884</a>) <sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_27" title="February 27">February 27</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_William_Chapman_(engineer)" title="Robert William Chapman (engineer)">Robert William Chapman</a>, Australian engineer and mathematician (b. <a href="/wiki/1866" title="1866">1866</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Emile_Harley" title="Joseph Emile Harley">Joseph Emile Harley</a>, American army officer and politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1880" title="1880">1880</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_28" title="February 28">February 28</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karel_Doorman" title="Karel Doorman">Karel Doorman</a>, Dutch admiral (b. <a href="/wiki/1889" title="1889">1889</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oskar_Fischer" title="Oskar Fischer">Oskar Fischer</a>, Czech Scientist (b. <a href="/wiki/1876" title="1876">1876</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="March_3">March</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1942&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: March"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amadeo_Aosta3rd_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Amadeo_Aosta3rd_01.jpg/100px-Amadeo_Aosta3rd_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Amadeo_Aosta3rd_01.jpg/150px-Amadeo_Aosta3rd_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Amadeo_Aosta3rd_01.jpg/200px-Amadeo_Aosta3rd_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="278" data-file-height="394" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Prince_Amedeo,_Duke_of_Aosta" title="Prince Amedeo, Duke of Aosta">Prince Amedeo, Duke of Aosta</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Bosch_mit_Hut_1888_-_10031.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Robert_Bosch_mit_Hut_1888_-_10031.jpg/100px-Robert_Bosch_mit_Hut_1888_-_10031.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Robert_Bosch_mit_Hut_1888_-_10031.jpg/150px-Robert_Bosch_mit_Hut_1888_-_10031.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Robert_Bosch_mit_Hut_1888_-_10031.jpg/200px-Robert_Bosch_mit_Hut_1888_-_10031.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1283" data-file-height="1776" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bosch" title="Robert Bosch">Robert Bosch</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marcelo_T._de_Alvear,_ca._1915.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Marcelo_T._de_Alvear%2C_ca._1915.jpg/100px-Marcelo_T._de_Alvear%2C_ca._1915.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Marcelo_T._de_Alvear%2C_ca._1915.jpg/150px-Marcelo_T._de_Alvear%2C_ca._1915.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Marcelo_T._de_Alvear%2C_ca._1915.jpg/200px-Marcelo_T._de_Alvear%2C_ca._1915.jpg 2x" data-file-width="748" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Marcelo_Torcuato_de_Alvear" title="Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear">Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_1" title="March 1">March 1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_S._Rentz" title="George S. Rentz">George S. Rentz</a>, United States Navy Chaplain and <a href="/wiki/Navy_Cross" title="Navy Cross">Navy Cross</a> winner (b. <a href="/wiki/1882" title="1882">1882</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Vanderbilt_III" title="Cornelius Vanderbilt III">Cornelius Vanderbilt III</a>, American military officer, inventor, and engineer (b. <a href="/wiki/1873" title="1873">1873</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2" title="March 2">March 2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gustave_Anjou" title="Gustave Anjou">Gustave Anjou</a>, Swedish genealogist (b. <a href="/wiki/1863" title="1863">1863</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Solovyov_(Catholic_priest)" title="Sergei Solovyov (Catholic priest)">Sergei Solovyov</a>, Soviet <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Orthodox</a> priest and blessed (b. <a href="/wiki/1885" title="1885">1885</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_3" title="March 3">March 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Prince_Amedeo,_Duke_of_Aosta" title="Prince Amedeo, Duke of Aosta">Prince Amedeo, Duke of Aosta</a>, Italian nobleman and military officer, Viceroy of <a href="/wiki/Italian_East_Africa" title="Italian East Africa">Italian East Africa</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1898" title="1898">1898</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_4" title="March 4">March 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Adamescu" title="Gheorghe Adamescu">Gheorghe Adamescu</a>, Romanian historian and bibliographer (b. <a href="/wiki/1869" title="1869">1869</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_7" title="March 7">March 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Semard" title="Pierre Semard">Pierre Semard</a>, French Communist leader (b. <a href="/wiki/1887" title="1887">1887</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_8" title="March 8">March 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ra%C3%BAl_Capablanca" title="José Raúl Capablanca">José Raúl Capablanca</a>, Cuban chess player (b. <a href="/wiki/1888" title="1888">1888</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_10" title="March 10">March 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Behre" title="Frederick Behre">Frederick Behre</a>, American artist (b. <a href="/wiki/1863" title="1863">1863</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_11" title="March 11">March 11</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Camprub%C3%AD" title="José Camprubí">José Camprubí</a>, Spanish publisher (b. <a href="/wiki/1879" title="1879">1879</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raoul_Dandurand" title="Raoul Dandurand">Raoul Dandurand</a>, Canadian politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1861" title="1861">1861</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_12" title="March 12">March 12</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bosch" title="Robert Bosch">Robert Bosch</a>, German industrialist, engineer and inventor (b. <a href="/wiki/1861" title="1861">1861</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Bragg" title="William Henry Bragg">Sir William Henry Bragg</a>, British physicist, chemist and mathematician, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize</a> laureate (b. <a href="/wiki/1862" title="1862">1862</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enric_Morera_i_Viura" title="Enric Morera i Viura">Enric Morera i Viura</a>, Andorran composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1865" title="1865">1865</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_14" title="March 14">March 14</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Bull" title="René Bull">René Bull</a>, British illustrator and photographer (b. <a href="/wiki/1872" title="1872">1872</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Karl_Georg_Fedde" title="Friedrich Karl Georg Fedde">Friedrich Karl Georg Fedde</a>, German botanist (b. <a href="/wiki/1873" title="1873">1873</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_15" title="March 15">March 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vasile_Demetrius" title="Vasile Demetrius">Vasile Demetrius</a>, Austro-Hungarian-born Romanian writer, poet and translator (b. <a href="/wiki/1878" title="1878">1878</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_17" title="March 17">March 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nada_Dimi%C4%87" title="Nada Dimić">Nada Dimić</a>, Yugoslav Communist leader (b. <a href="/wiki/1923" title="1923">1923</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_20" title="March 20">March 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vasily_Kalafati" title="Vasily Kalafati">Vasily Kalafati</a>, Soviet and Russian composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1869" title="1869">1869</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_21" title="March 21">March 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/J._S._Woodsworth" title="J. S. Woodsworth">J. S. Woodsworth</a>, Canadian politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1874" title="1874">1874</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1clav_Mor%C3%A1vek" title="Václav Morávek">Václav Morávek</a>, Czech general and warrior (b. <a href="/wiki/1904" title="1904">1904</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_23" title="March 23">March 23</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_H%C3%B6hnel" title="Ludwig von Höhnel">Ludwig von Höhnel</a>, Austrian naval officer and explorer (b. <a href="/wiki/1857" title="1857">1857</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcelo_Torcuato_de_Alvear" title="Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear">Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear</a>, 20th <a href="/wiki/President_of_Argentina" title="President of Argentina">President of Argentina</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1868" title="1868">1868</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_24" title="March 24">March 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Shiras_III" title="George Shiras III">George Shiras III</a>, American politician and one-term US Representative (1903 - 1905), son of <a href="/wiki/George_Shiras_Jr." title="George Shiras Jr.">George Shiras Jr</a>. (b. <a href="/wiki/1859" title="1859">1859</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_26" title="March 26">March 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Hinrichs" title="Gustav Hinrichs">Gustav Hinrichs</a>, German-born American conductor and composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1850" title="1850">1850</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_27" title="March 27">March 27</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jannion_Steele_Elliott" title="Jannion Steele Elliott">Jannion Steele Elliott</a>, British ornithologist and naturalist (b. <a href="/wiki/1871" title="1871">1871</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Wilcox_Jr." title="John W. Wilcox Jr.">John W. Wilcox Jr.</a>, American admiral (lost overboard) (b. <a href="/wiki/1882" title="1882">1882</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julio_Gonz%C3%A1lez_(sculptor)" title="Julio González (sculptor)">Julio González</a>, Spanish sculptor and painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1876" title="1876">1876</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_28" title="March 28">March 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Miguel_Hern%C3%A1ndez" title="Miguel Hernández">Miguel Hernández</a>, Spanish poet and playwright (b. <a href="/wiki/1910" title="1910">1910</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April_3">April</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1942&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: April"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LMM_signed_photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/LMM_signed_photo.jpg/100px-LMM_signed_photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/LMM_signed_photo.jpg/150px-LMM_signed_photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/LMM_signed_photo.jpg/200px-LMM_signed_photo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="614" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Maud_Montgomery" title="Lucy Maud Montgomery">Lucy Maud Montgomery</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_2" title="April 2">April 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Estauni%C3%A9" title="Édouard Estaunié">Édouard Estaunié</a>, French novelist (b. <a href="/wiki/1862" title="1862">1862</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_4" title="April 4">April 4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Bede" class="mw-redirect" title="James Bede">James Bede</a>, American politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1856" title="1856">1856</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Daszewski" title="Jan Daszewski">Jan Daszewski</a>, Polish fighter pilot (b. <a href="/wiki/1916" title="1916">1916</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_6" title="April 6">April 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Isidro_Michel_L%C3%B3pez" title="Isidro Michel López">Isidro Michel López</a>, Mexican military officer, leader of the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Revolution" title="Mexican Revolution">Mexican Revolution</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1870" title="1870">1870</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_7" title="April 7">April 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anandshankar_Dhruv" title="Anandshankar Dhruv">Anandshankar Dhruv</a>, Indian scholar, writer, educationist and editor (b. <a href="/wiki/1869" title="1869">1869</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_11" title="April 11">April 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Hobbs_(singer)" title="Frederick Hobbs (singer)">Frederick Hobbs</a>, New Zealand-born singer and actor (b. <a href="/wiki/1874" title="1874">1874</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_12" title="April 12">April 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Keppel,_8th_Earl_of_Albemarle" title="Arnold Keppel, 8th Earl of Albemarle">Arnold Keppel, 8th Earl of Albemarle</a>, British soldier and politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1858" title="1858">1858</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_13" title="April 13">April 13</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Danzas" title="Julia Danzas">Julia Danzas</a>, Soviet and Russian <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholic</a> religious leader and blessed (b. <a href="/wiki/1879" title="1879">1879</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Fergusson_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="James Fergusson (Royal Navy officer)">Sir James Fergusson</a>, British admiral (b. <a href="/wiki/1881" title="1881">1881</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_15" title="April 15">April 15</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Musil" title="Robert Musil">Robert Musil</a>, Austrian novelist (b. <a href="/wiki/1880" title="1880">1880</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Pim" title="Joshua Pim">Joshua Pim</a>, Irish tennis player (b. <a href="/wiki/1869" title="1869">1869</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_16" title="April 16">April 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Princess_Alexandra_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="Princess Alexandra of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Princess Alexandra of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha</a>, granddaughter of <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1878" title="1878">1878</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_17" title="April 17">April 17</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renward_Brandstetter" title="Renward Brandstetter">Renward Brandstetter</a>, Swiss philologist and linguist (b. <a href="/wiki/1860" title="1860">1860</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolph_Daniel_Edward_Elmer" class="mw-redirect" title="Adolph Daniel Edward Elmer">Adolph Daniel Edward Elmer</a>, American botanist (b. <a href="/wiki/1870" title="1870">1870</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin" title="Jean Baptiste Perrin">Jean Baptiste Perrin</a>, French physicist, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize</a> laureate (b. <a href="/wiki/1870" title="1870">1870</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_18" title="April 18">April 18</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gra%C5%BCyna_Chrostowska" title="Grażyna Chrostowska">Grażyna Chrostowska</a>, Polish poet and activist (b. <a href="/wiki/1921" title="1921">1921</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Vanderbilt_Whitney" title="Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney">Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney</a>, American heiress, socialite and sculptor (b. <a href="/wiki/1875" title="1875">1875</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_21" title="April 21">April 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Stickley" title="Gustav Stickley">Gustav Stickley</a>, American furniture designer and architect (b. <a href="/wiki/1858" title="1858">1858</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_23" title="April 23">April 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Olga_Ben%C3%A1rio_Prestes" title="Olga Benário Prestes">Olga Benário Prestes</a>, German-born Brazilian militant (b. <a href="/wiki/1908" title="1908">1908</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_24" title="April 24">April 24</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camille_du_Gast" title="Camille du Gast">Camille du Gast</a>, French pioneer (b. <a href="/wiki/1868" title="1868">1868</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deenanath_Mangeshkar" title="Deenanath Mangeshkar">Deenanath Mangeshkar</a>, Indian singer and composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1900" title="1900">1900</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Maud_Montgomery" title="Lucy Maud Montgomery">Lucy Maud Montgomery</a>, Canadian writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1874" title="1874">1874</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_25" title="April 25">April 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Zygmunt_Kisielewski" title="Zygmunt Kisielewski">Zygmunt Kisielewski</a>, Polish writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1882" title="1882">1882</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_30" title="April 30">April 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lilian_Whiting" title="Lilian Whiting">Lilian Whiting</a>, American writer and editor (b. <a href="/wiki/1847" title="1847">1847</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="May_3">May</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1942&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: May"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stauning_i1920-erne.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Stauning_i1920-erne.jpg/100px-Stauning_i1920-erne.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Stauning_i1920-erne.jpg/150px-Stauning_i1920-erne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Stauning_i1920-erne.jpg/200px-Stauning_i1920-erne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1824" data-file-height="2541" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Thorvald_Stauning" title="Thorvald Stauning">Thorvald Stauning</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chief_Justice_Jose_Abad_Santos.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Chief_Justice_Jose_Abad_Santos.jpg/100px-Chief_Justice_Jose_Abad_Santos.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Chief_Justice_Jose_Abad_Santos.jpg/150px-Chief_Justice_Jose_Abad_Santos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Chief_Justice_Jose_Abad_Santos.jpg/200px-Chief_Justice_Jose_Abad_Santos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1424" data-file-height="2144" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Abad_Santos" title="José Abad Santos">José Abad Santos</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Actor_John_Barrymore_(SAYRE_2535).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Actor_John_Barrymore_%28SAYRE_2535%29.jpg/100px-Actor_John_Barrymore_%28SAYRE_2535%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Actor_John_Barrymore_%28SAYRE_2535%29.jpg/150px-Actor_John_Barrymore_%28SAYRE_2535%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Actor_John_Barrymore_%28SAYRE_2535%29.jpg/200px-Actor_John_Barrymore_%28SAYRE_2535%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2135" data-file-height="2763" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_Barrymore" title="John Barrymore">John Barrymore</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_1" title="May 1">May 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Abad_Santos" title="José Abad Santos">José Abad Santos</a>, Filipino chief justice of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_Philippines" title="Supreme Court of the Philippines">Supreme Court</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1886" title="1886">1886</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_3" title="May 3">May 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thorvald_Stauning" title="Thorvald Stauning">Thorvald Stauning</a>, 9th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Denmark" title="Prime Minister of Denmark">Prime Minister of Denmark</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1873" title="1873">1873</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_4" title="May 4">May 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Czempiel" title="Józef Czempiel">Józef Czempiel</a>, Polish <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholic</a> priest, martyr and blessed (b. <a href="/wiki/1883" title="1883">1883</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_5" title="May 5">May 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Habib_Pacha_Es-Saad" class="mw-redirect" title="Habib Pacha Es-Saad">Habib Pacha Es-Saad</a>, 3rd Prime Minister and 2nd President of Lebanon (b. <a href="/wiki/1867" title="1867">1867</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_7" title="May 7">May 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Felix_Weingartner" title="Felix Weingartner">Felix Weingartner</a>, Austrian conductor (b. <a href="/wiki/1863" title="1863">1863</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_9" title="May 9">May 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Graham_McNamee" title="Graham McNamee">Graham McNamee</a>, American radio announcer (b. <a href="/wiki/1888" title="1888">1888</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_10" title="May 10">May 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joe_Weber_(vaudevillian)" title="Joe Weber (vaudevillian)">Joe Weber</a>, American vaudevillian (b. <a href="/wiki/1867" title="1867">1867</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_11" title="May 11">May 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sakutar%C5%8D_Hagiwara" title="Sakutarō Hagiwara">Sakutarō Hagiwara</a>, Japanese poet and writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1886" title="1886">1886</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_12" title="May 12">May 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hannu_Hannuksela" title="Hannu Hannuksela">Hannu Hannuksela</a>, Finnish general (b. <a href="/wiki/1893" title="1893">1893</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_14" title="May 14">May 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frank_Churchill" title="Frank Churchill">Frank Churchill</a>, American composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1901" title="1901">1901</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_16" title="May 16">May 16</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaneko_Kentar%C5%8D" title="Kaneko Kentarō">Kaneko Kentarō</a>, Japanese diplomat and statesman (b. <a href="/wiki/1853" title="1853">1853</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronis%C5%82aw_Malinowski" title="Bronisław Malinowski">Bronisław Malinowski</a>, Polish anthropologist (b. <a href="/wiki/1884" title="1884">1884</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Micha%C5%82_Kowalski" title="Maria Michał Kowalski">Maria Michał Kowalski</a>, Polish priest and blessed (b. <a href="/wiki/1871" title="1871">1871</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_19" title="May 19">May 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/A._E._Waite" title="A. E. Waite">A. E. Waite</a>, British occultist (b. <a href="/wiki/1857" title="1857">1857</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_20" title="May 20">May 20</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_D._Craddock" title="John D. Craddock">John D. Craddock</a>, American politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1881" title="1881">1881</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Dietrich" title="Charles E. Dietrich">Charles E. Dietrich</a>, American politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1889" title="1889">1889</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Goodall" title="John Goodall">John Goodall</a>, English footballer (b. <a href="/wiki/1863" title="1863">1863</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_22" title="May 22">May 22</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stjepan_Filipovi%C4%87" title="Stjepan Filipović">Stjepan Filipović</a>, Yugoslav national hero (b. <a href="/wiki/1916" title="1916">1916</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tateo_Kat%C5%8D" title="Tateo Katō">Tateo Katō</a>, Japanese fighter ace (b. <a href="/wiki/1903" title="1903">1903</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_24" title="May 24">May 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Horbachevsky" title="Ivan Horbachevsky">Ivan Horbachevsky</a>, Austrian chemist and politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1854" title="1854">1854</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_25" title="May 25">May 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Feuermann" title="Emanuel Feuermann">Emanuel Feuermann</a>, Austrian cellist (b. <a href="/wiki/1902" title="1902">1902</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_27" title="May 27">May 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Chen_Duxiu" title="Chen Duxiu">Chen Duxiu</a>, General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (b. <a href="/wiki/1879" title="1879">1879</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_29" title="May 29">May 29</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Barrymore" title="John Barrymore">John Barrymore</a>, American actor (b. <a href="/wiki/1882" title="1882">1882</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akiko_Yosano" class="mw-redirect" title="Akiko Yosano">Akiko Yosano</a>, Japanese author and poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1878" title="1878">1878</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_30" title="May 30">May 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Cadras" title="Félix Cadras">Félix Cadras</a>, French lace designer and militant (b. <a href="/wiki/1906" title="1906">1906</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="June_3">June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1942&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1969-054-16,_Reinhard_Heydrich.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1969-054-16%2C_Reinhard_Heydrich.jpg/100px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1969-054-16%2C_Reinhard_Heydrich.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1969-054-16%2C_Reinhard_Heydrich.jpg/150px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1969-054-16%2C_Reinhard_Heydrich.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1969-054-16%2C_Reinhard_Heydrich.jpg/200px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1969-054-16%2C_Reinhard_Heydrich.jpg 2x" data-file-width="524" data-file-height="757" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Heydrich" title="Reinhard Heydrich">Reinhard Heydrich</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1908_Frank_Irons.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/1908_Frank_Irons.JPG/100px-1908_Frank_Irons.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/1908_Frank_Irons.JPG/150px-1908_Frank_Irons.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/1908_Frank_Irons.JPG/200px-1908_Frank_Irons.JPG 2x" data-file-width="329" data-file-height="347" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Frank_Irons" title="Frank Irons">Frank Irons</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pope_John_XIX_of_Alexandria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Pope_John_XIX_of_Alexandria.jpg/100px-Pope_John_XIX_of_Alexandria.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/Pope_John_XIX_of_Alexandria.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="140" data-file-height="170" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XIX_of_Alexandria" title="Pope John XIX of Alexandria">Pope John XIX of Alexandria</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_4" title="June 4">June 4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eusebio_Ayala" title="Eusebio Ayala">Eusebio Ayala</a>, 29th <a href="/wiki/President_of_Paraguay" title="President of Paraguay">President of Paraguay</a> (1921–23, 1932–36) (b. <a href="/wiki/1875" title="1875">1875</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Heydrich" title="Reinhard Heydrich">Reinhard Heydrich</a>, headed the Nazi Reich Main Security Office and was Reich governor of Bohemia and Moravia (b. <a href="/wiki/1904" title="1904">1904</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_E._Lindsey" title="Eugene E. Lindsey">Eugene E. Lindsey</a>, United States Navy officer (b. <a href="/wiki/1905" title="1905">1905</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_5" title="June 5">June 5</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Lee_Corbin" title="Virginia Lee Corbin">Virginia Lee Corbin</a>, American actress (b. <a href="/wiki/1910" title="1910">1910</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamon_Yamaguchi" title="Tamon Yamaguchi">Tamon Yamaguchi</a>, Japanese admiral, killed in action at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Midway" title="Battle of Midway">Battle of Midway</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1892" title="1892">1892</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryusaku_Yanagimoto" title="Ryusaku Yanagimoto">Ryusaku Yanagimoto</a>, Japanese rear admiral, killed in action at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Midway" title="Battle of Midway">Battle of Midway</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1894" title="1894">1894</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_7" title="June 7">June 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alan_Blumlein" title="Alan Blumlein">Alan Blumlein</a>, British electronics engineer (b. <a href="/wiki/1903" title="1903">1903</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_11" title="June 11">June 11</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Berth%C3%A9zenne" title="Charles Berthézenne">Charles Berthézenne</a>, French politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1871" title="1871">1871</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Kitzelmann" title="Michael Kitzelmann">Michael Kitzelmann</a>, German army officer (b. <a href="/wiki/1916" title="1916">1916</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_14" title="June 14">June 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Braun" title="Fyodor Braun">Fyodor Braun</a>, Soviet-born German scholar (b. <a href="/wiki/1862" title="1862">1862</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_18" title="June 18">June 18</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jozef_Gab%C4%8D%C3%ADk" title="Jozef Gabčík">Jozef Gabčík</a>, Slovak soldier and resistance fighter, a member of the team part of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Anthropoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Anthropoid">Operation Anthropoid</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1912" title="1912">1912</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hawthorne_(actor)" title="David Hawthorne (actor)">David Hawthorne</a>, British actor (b. <a href="/wiki/1888" title="1888">1888</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Kubi%C5%A1" title="Jan Kubiš">Jan Kubiš</a>, Czech soldier and resistance fighter, a member of the team part of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Anthropoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Anthropoid">Operation Anthropoid</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1913" title="1913">1913</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Op%C3%A1lka" title="Adolf Opálka">Adolf Opálka</a>, Czech soldier and resistance fighter, a member of the team part of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Anthropoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Anthropoid">Operation Anthropoid</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1915" title="1915">1915</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Val%C4%8D%C3%ADk" title="Josef Valčík">Josef Valčík</a>, Czech soldier and resistance fighter, a member of the team part of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Anthropoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Anthropoid">Operation Anthropoid</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1914" title="1914">1914</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_19" title="June 19">June 19</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_II_of_Tunis" title="Ahmad II of Tunis">Ahmad II of Tunis</a>, Ruler of Tunisia (b. <a href="/wiki/1862" title="1862">1862</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alois_Eli%C3%A1%C5%A1" title="Alois Eliáš">Alois Eliáš</a>, Czech general and politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1890" title="1890">1890</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Irons" title="Frank Irons">Frank Irons</a>, American Olympic athlete (b. <a href="/wiki/1886" title="1886">1886</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_21" title="June 21">June 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XIX_of_Alexandria" title="Pope John XIX of Alexandria">Pope John XIX of Alexandria</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1855" title="1855">1855</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_22" title="June 22">June 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Branko_Kadia,_Jordan_Misja_and_Perlat_Rexhepi" title="Branko Kadia, Jordan Misja and Perlat Rexhepi">Branko Kadia, Jordan Misja and Perlat Rexhepi</a>, Albanian student activists</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_23" title="June 23">June 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Couper_(sculptor)" title="William Couper (sculptor)">William Couper</a>, American sculptor (b. <a href="/wiki/1853" title="1853">1853</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_25" title="June 25">June 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Anderson_(architect)" title="Arthur Anderson (architect)">Arthur Anderson</a>, Australian architect (b. <a href="/wiki/1868" title="1868">1868</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_26" title="June 26">June 26</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Gary_Evans" title="John Gary Evans">John Gary Evans</a>, American politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1863" title="1863">1863</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Skar%C5%BCy%C5%84ski" title="Stanisław Skarżyński">Stanisław Skarżyński</a>, Polish army officer (b. <a href="/wiki/1899" title="1899">1899</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Stack" title="Gene Stack">Gene Stack</a>, 1st American major league baseball player to be drafted during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> as well as the first to die in service (b. <a href="/wiki/1920" title="1920">1920</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_30" title="June 30">June 30</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Bennett_(comedian)" title="Billy Bennett (comedian)">Billy Bennett</a>, American actor (b. <a href="/wiki/1887" title="1887">1887</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Jackson" title="William Henry Jackson">William Henry Jackson</a>, American photographer (b. <a href="/wiki/1843" title="1843">1843</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July_3">July</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1942&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: July"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Refik_Saydam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Refik_Saydam.jpg/110px-Refik_Saydam.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Refik_Saydam.jpg/165px-Refik_Saydam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Refik_Saydam.jpg/220px-Refik_Saydam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="548" data-file-height="730" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Refik_Saydam" title="Refik Saydam">Refik Saydam</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Santa_Paulina_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Santa_Paulina_1.jpg/110px-Santa_Paulina_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Santa_Paulina_1.jpg/165px-Santa_Paulina_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Santa_Paulina_1.jpg/220px-Santa_Paulina_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Saint <a href="/wiki/Pauline_of_the_Agonizing_Heart_of_Jesus" title="Pauline of the Agonizing Heart of Jesus">Pauline of the Agonizing Heart of Jesus</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:S%C3%A1nchez_Toca.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/S%C3%A1nchez_Toca.JPG/110px-S%C3%A1nchez_Toca.JPG" decoding="async" width="110" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/S%C3%A1nchez_Toca.JPG/165px-S%C3%A1nchez_Toca.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/S%C3%A1nchez_Toca.JPG/220px-S%C3%A1nchez_Toca.JPG 2x" data-file-width="293" data-file-height="418" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_S%C3%A1nchez_de_Toca" title="Joaquín Sánchez de Toca">Joaquín Sánchez de Toca</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Robertomortiz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Robertomortiz.jpg/110px-Robertomortiz.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Robertomortiz.jpg/165px-Robertomortiz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Robertomortiz.jpg/220px-Robertomortiz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="339" data-file-height="527" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Maria_Ortiz" class="mw-redirect" title="Roberto Maria Ortiz">Roberto Maria Ortiz</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TitusBrandsma.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/TitusBrandsma.jpg/110px-TitusBrandsma.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/TitusBrandsma.jpg/165px-TitusBrandsma.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/TitusBrandsma.jpg/220px-TitusBrandsma.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1984" data-file-height="3120" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Titus_Brandsma" title="Titus Brandsma">Titus Brandsma</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Louis_Borno.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Louis_Borno.jpg/110px-Louis_Borno.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Louis_Borno.jpg/165px-Louis_Borno.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Louis_Borno.jpg/220px-Louis_Borno.jpg 2x" data-file-width="261" data-file-height="441" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Louis_Borno" title="Louis Borno">Louis Borno</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sveti_Leopold_Bogdan_Mandic_Rijeka.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Sveti_Leopold_Bogdan_Mandic_Rijeka.jpg/110px-Sveti_Leopold_Bogdan_Mandic_Rijeka.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Sveti_Leopold_Bogdan_Mandic_Rijeka.jpg/165px-Sveti_Leopold_Bogdan_Mandic_Rijeka.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Sveti_Leopold_Bogdan_Mandic_Rijeka.jpg/220px-Sveti_Leopold_Bogdan_Mandic_Rijeka.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1067" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Leopold_Mandi%C4%87" title="Leopold Mandić">Leopold Mandić</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_1" title="July 1">July 1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peadar_Toner_Mac_Fhionnlaoich" title="Peadar Toner Mac Fhionnlaoich">Peadar Toner Mac Fhionnlaoich</a>, Irish-language writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1857" title="1857">1857</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boles%C5%82aw_Wieniawa-D%C5%82ugoszowski" title="Bolesław Wieniawa-Długoszowski">Bolesław Wieniawa-Długoszowski</a>, Polish general, diplomat and politician, Interim <a href="/wiki/President_of_Poland" title="President of Poland">President of Poland</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1881" title="1881">1881</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2" title="July 2">July 2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rudi_%C4%8Cajavec" title="Rudi Čajavec">Rudi Čajavec</a>, Yugoslav poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1911" title="1911">1911</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Domachowski" title="Joseph Domachowski">Joseph Domachowski</a>, American politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1872" title="1872">1872</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_4" title="July 4">July 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Kowalski_(priest)" title="Józef Kowalski (priest)">Józef Kowalski</a>, Polish <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholic</a> priest and blessed (b. <a href="/wiki/1911" title="1911">1911</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_8" title="July 8">July 8</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Franchet_d%27Esp%C3%A8rey" title="Louis Franchet d'Espèrey">Louis Franchet d'Espèrey</a>, French general (b. <a href="/wiki/1856" title="1856">1856</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refik_Saydam" title="Refik Saydam">Refik Saydam</a>, 4th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Turkey" title="Prime Minister of Turkey">Prime Minister of Turkey</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1881" title="1881">1881</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_9" title="July 9">July 9</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kelly_Harrell" title="Kelly Harrell">Kelly Harrell</a>, American surburbia musician (b. <a href="/wiki/1889" title="1889">1889</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_of_the_Agonizing_Heart_of_Jesus" title="Pauline of the Agonizing Heart of Jesus">Pauline of the Agonizing Heart of Jesus</a>, Brazilian <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholic</a> religious sister and saint (b. <a href="/wiki/1865" title="1865">1865</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_12" title="July 12">July 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mary_Hayden" title="Mary Hayden">Mary Hayden</a>, Irish historian and activist (b. <a href="/wiki/1862" title="1862">1862</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_13" title="July 13">July 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_S%C3%A1nchez_de_Toca" title="Joaquín Sánchez de Toca">Joaquín Sánchez de Toca</a>, Spanish conservative politician and <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Prime Minister of Spain">Prime Minister of Spain</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1852" title="1852">1852</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_14" title="July 14">July 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9bastien_Faure" title="Sébastien Faure">Sébastien Faure</a>, French anarchist and activist (b. <a href="/wiki/1858" title="1858">1858</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_15" title="July 15">July 15</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wenceslao_Vinzons" title="Wenceslao Vinzons">Wenceslao Vinzons</a>, Filipino politician and resistance leader (bayoneted to death) (b. <a href="/wiki/1910" title="1910">1910</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Mar%C3%ADa_Ortiz" title="Roberto María Ortiz">Roberto María Ortiz</a>, 24th <a href="/wiki/President_of_Argentina" title="President of Argentina">President of Argentina</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1886" title="1886">1886</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_16" title="July 16">July 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alfred_William_Flux" title="Alfred William Flux">Sir Alfred Flux</a>, British economist and statistician (b. <a href="/wiki/1867" title="1867">1867</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_17" title="July 17">July 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tinus_de_Jongh" title="Tinus de Jongh">Tinus de Jongh</a>, South African painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1885" title="1885">1885</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_18" title="July 18">July 18</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Beeby" title="George Beeby">George Beeby</a>, Australian politician, judge and author (b. <a href="/wiki/1869" title="1869">1869</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Sutherland" title="George Sutherland">George Sutherland</a>, British-born American Supreme Court Justice (b. <a href="/wiki/1862" title="1862">1862</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_21" title="July 21">July 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anton_Mervar" title="Anton Mervar">Anton Mervar</a>, Slovenian button accordion manufacturer (b. <a href="/wiki/1885" title="1885">1885</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_23" title="July 23">July 23</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ar%C3%ADstides_Chavier_Ar%C3%A9valo" title="Arístides Chavier Arévalo">Arístides Chavier Arévalo</a>, Puerto Rican composer and pianist (b. <a href="/wiki/1867" title="1867">1867</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Czerniak%C3%B3w" title="Adam Czerniaków">Adam Czerniaków</a>, Polish engineer and senator (suicide) (b. <a href="/wiki/1880" title="1880">1880</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_24" title="July 24">July 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Cooper_(architect)" title="Edwin Cooper (architect)">Edwin Cooper</a>, British architect (b. <a href="/wiki/1874" title="1874">1874</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_25" title="July 25">July 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tom_Reynolds_(actor)" title="Tom Reynolds (actor)">Tom Reynolds</a>, British actor (b. <a href="/wiki/1866" title="1866">1866</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_26" title="July 26">July 26</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Arlt" title="Roberto Arlt">Roberto Arlt</a>, Argentine writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1900" title="1900">1900</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titus_Brandsma" title="Titus Brandsma">Titus Brandsma</a>, Dutch <a href="/wiki/Discalced_Carmelite" class="mw-redirect" title="Discalced Carmelite">Discalced Carmelite</a> friar, <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholic</a> priest and blessed (b. <a href="/wiki/1881" title="1881">1881</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_27" title="July 27">July 27</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karl_P%C3%A4rsim%C3%A4gi" title="Karl Pärsimägi">Karl Pärsimägi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estonians" title="Estonians">Estonian</a> <a href="/wiki/Fauvism" title="Fauvism">fauvist</a> painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1902" title="1902">1902</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgy_Safarov" title="Georgy Safarov">Georgy Safarov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bolsheviks" title="Bolsheviks">Bolshevik</a> revolutionary and politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1891" title="1891">1891</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_28" title="July 28">July 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Flinders_Petrie" title="Flinders Petrie">Sir Flinders Petrie</a>, British Egyptologist (b. <a href="/wiki/1853" title="1853">1853</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_29" title="July 29">July 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louis_Borno" title="Louis Borno">Louis Borno</a>, Haitian lawyer and politician, 28th <a href="/wiki/President_of_Haiti" title="President of Haiti">President of Haiti</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1865" title="1865">1865</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_30" title="July 30">July 30</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Blanton" title="Jimmy Blanton">Jimmy Blanton</a>, American bassist (b. <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_Mandi%C4%87" title="Leopold Mandić">Leopold Mandić</a>, Yugoslav <a href="/wiki/Capuchin_friar" class="mw-redirect" title="Capuchin friar">Capuchin friar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholic</a> priest and saint (b. <a href="/wiki/1866" title="1866">1866</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_31" title="July 31">July 31</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C5%BEka_Jab%C5%AFrkov%C3%A1" title="Jožka Jabůrková">Jožka Jabůrková</a>, Czechoslovakan journalist, writer and translator (b. <a href="/wiki/1896" title="1896">1896</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Younghusband" title="Francis Younghusband">Sir Francis Younghusband</a>, British explorer and army officer (b.<a href="/wiki/1863" title="1863">1863</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="August_3">August</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1942&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: August"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Richard_Willst%C3%A4tter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Richard_Willst%C3%A4tter.jpg/100px-Richard_Willst%C3%A4tter.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Richard_Willst%C3%A4tter.jpg/150px-Richard_Willst%C3%A4tter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Richard_Willst%C3%A4tter.jpg/200px-Richard_Willst%C3%A4tter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1433" data-file-height="2083" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Richard_Willst%C3%A4tter" title="Richard Willstätter">Richard Willstätter</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edith_Stein_(ca._1938-1939).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Edith_Stein_%28ca._1938-1939%29.jpg/100px-Edith_Stein_%28ca._1938-1939%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Edith_Stein_%28ca._1938-1939%29.jpg/150px-Edith_Stein_%28ca._1938-1939%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Edith_Stein_%28ca._1938-1939%29.jpg/200px-Edith_Stein_%28ca._1938-1939%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1408" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Saint <a href="/wiki/Edith_Stein" title="Edith Stein">Teresa Benedicta of the Cross</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:George_1st_Kent.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/George_1st_Kent.png/100px-George_1st_Kent.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/George_1st_Kent.png/150px-George_1st_Kent.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/George_1st_Kent.png/200px-George_1st_Kent.png 2x" data-file-width="229" data-file-height="365" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Prince_George,_Duke_of_Kent" title="Prince George, Duke of Kent">Prince George, Duke of Kent</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/August_3" title="August 3">August 3</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franciszka_Arnsztajnowa" title="Franciszka Arnsztajnowa">Franciszka Arnsztajnowa</a>, Polish poet and playwright (b. <a href="/wiki/1865" title="1865">1865</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Cruze" title="James Cruze">James Cruze</a>, American actor and director (b. <a href="/wiki/1884" title="1884">1884</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Ferrero" title="Guglielmo Ferrero">Guglielmo Ferrero</a>, Italian historian, journalist and novelist (b. <a href="/wiki/1871" title="1871">1871</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Indreb%C3%B8" title="Gustav Indrebø">Gustav Indrebø</a>, Norwegian philologist (b. <a href="/wiki/1889" title="1889">1889</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Willst%C3%A4tter" title="Richard Willstätter">Richard Willstätter</a>, German chemist, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize</a> laureate (b. <a href="/wiki/1872" title="1872">1872</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_7" title="August 7">August 7</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_J._Carpellotti" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis J. Carpellotti">Louis J. Carpellotti</a>, American marine (b. <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Ford" title="Charles E. Ford">Charles E. Ford</a>, American film director and producer (b. <a href="/wiki/1899" title="1899">1899</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janusz_Korczak" title="Janusz Korczak">Janusz Korczak</a>, Polish educator, author and pediatrician (b. <a href="/wiki/1878" title="1878">1878</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_8" title="August 8">August 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Leopold_Janikowski" title="Leopold Janikowski">Leopold Janikowski</a>, Polish explorer and ethnographer (b. <a href="/wiki/1855" title="1855">1855</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_9" title="August 9">August 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edith_Stein" title="Edith Stein">Terea Benedicta of the Cross</a>, German philosopher, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> nun, martyr and saint (assassinated) (b. <a href="/wiki/1891" title="1891">1891</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_10" title="August 10">August 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kazimierz_Dembowski" title="Kazimierz Dembowski">Kazimierz Dembowski</a>, Polish <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholic</a> clergyman and martyr (b. <a href="/wiki/1912" title="1912">1912</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_11" title="August 11">August 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sabina_Spielrein" title="Sabina Spielrein">Sabina Spielrein</a>, Russian physician and psychoanalyst (b. <a href="/wiki/1885" title="1885">1885</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_12" title="August 12">August 12</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pasquale_Amato" title="Pasquale Amato">Pasquale Amato</a>, Italian baritone (b. <a href="/wiki/1878" title="1878">1878</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykola_Burachek" title="Mykola Burachek">Mykola Burachek</a>, Soviet painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1871" title="1871">1871</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phillips_Holmes" title="Phillips Holmes">Phillips Holmes</a>, American actor (b. <a href="/wiki/1907" title="1907">1907</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_13" title="August 13">August 13</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jorge_Cuesta" title="Jorge Cuesta">Jorge Cuesta</a>, Mexican chemist, writer and editor (b. <a href="/wiki/1903" title="1903">1903</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elina_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Acha_de_Correa_Morales" title="Elina González Acha de Correa Morales">Elina González Acha de Correa Morales</a>, Argentinian educator, scientist and activist (b. <a href="/wiki/1861" title="1861">1861</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_15" title="August 15">August 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mahadev_Desai" title="Mahadev Desai">Mahadev Desai</a>, Indian independence activist and writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1892" title="1892">1892</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_16" title="August 16">August 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Heuz%C3%A9" title="André Heuzé">André Heuzé</a>, French director, screenwriter and playwright (b. <a href="/wiki/1880" title="1880">1880</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_18" title="August 18">August 18</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agathe_Lasch" title="Agathe Lasch">Agathe Lasch</a>, German philologist (b. <a href="/wiki/1879" title="1879">1879</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_DeWitt_Hamilton" title="Henry DeWitt Hamilton">Henry DeWitt Hamilton</a>, American general (b. <a href="/wiki/1863" title="1863">1863</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_19" title="August 19">August 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Rauchinger" title="Heinrich Rauchinger">Heinrich Rauchinger</a>, Polish-born Austrian painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1858" title="1858">1858</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_21" title="August 21">August 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kiyonao_Ichiki" title="Kiyonao Ichiki">Kiyonao Ichiki</a>, Japanese army officer (killed in action) (b. <a href="/wiki/1892" title="1892">1892</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_22" title="August 22">August 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Michel_Fokine" title="Michel Fokine">Michel Fokine</a>, Soviet choreographer and dancer (b. <a href="/wiki/1880" title="1880">1880</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_23" title="August 23">August 23</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jorge_Cola%C3%A7o" title="Jorge Colaço">Jorge Colaço</a>, Portuguese painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1868" title="1868">1868</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciszek_Dachtera" title="Franciszek Dachtera">Franciszek Dachtera</a>, Polish <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> priest, martyr and blessed (b. <a href="/wiki/1910" title="1910">1910</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_24" title="August 24">August 24</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doyle_Clayton_Barnes" class="mw-redirect" title="Doyle Clayton Barnes">Doyle Clayton Barnes</a>, American naval aviator (b. <a href="/wiki/1912" title="1912">1912</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Ka%C5%BAmierski" title="Edward Kaźmierski">Edward Kaźmierski</a>, Polish <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> priest, martyr and blessed (b. <a href="/wiki/1919" title="1919">1919</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_25" title="August 25">August 25</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_George,_Duke_of_Kent" title="Prince George, Duke of Kent">Prince George, Duke of Kent</a>, 4th eldest son of <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1902" title="1902">1902</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Lewartowski" title="Józef Lewartowski">Józef Lewartowski</a>, Polish politician and revolutionary (b. <a href="/wiki/1895" title="1895">1895</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_26" title="August 26">August 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Irena_Bern%C3%A1%C5%A1kov%C3%A1" title="Irena Bernášková">Irena Bernášková</a>, Czechoslovakian journalist and resistance member (b. <a href="/wiki/1904" title="1904">1904</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_27" title="August 27">August 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lev_Nussimbaum" title="Lev Nussimbaum">Lev Nussimbaum</a>, Russian and Azerbaijani novelist (b. <a href="/wiki/1905" title="1905">1905</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_28" title="August 28">August 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Archduke_Joseph_Ferdinand_of_Austria" title="Archduke Joseph Ferdinand of Austria">Archduke Joseph Ferdinand of Austria</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1872" title="1872">1872</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_29" title="August 29">August 29</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Urban" title="Charles Urban">Charles Urban</a>, American film producer (b. <a href="/wiki/1867" title="1867">1867</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabio_Fiallo" title="Fabio Fiallo">Fabio Fiallo</a>, Dominican writer, poet and politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1866" title="1866">1866</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominik_J%C4%99drzejewski" title="Dominik Jędrzejewski">Dominik Jędrzejewski</a>, Polish <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholic</a> priest, martyr and blessed (b. <a href="/wiki/1886" title="1886">1886</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_30" title="August 30">August 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Martin_Kirschner" title="Martin Kirschner">Martin Kirschner</a>, German surgeon (b. <a href="/wiki/1869" title="1869">1869</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="September_3">September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1942&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ks._Adam_Bargielski.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Ks._Adam_Bargielski.jpg/120px-Ks._Adam_Bargielski.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Ks._Adam_Bargielski.jpg/180px-Ks._Adam_Bargielski.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Ks._Adam_Bargielski.jpg 2x" data-file-width="212" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Blessed <a href="/wiki/Adam_Bargielski" title="Adam Bargielski">Adam Bargielski</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronis%C5%82aw_Kostkowski_patron_Slupska.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Bronis%C5%82aw_Kostkowski_patron_Slupska.jpg/120px-Bronis%C5%82aw_Kostkowski_patron_Slupska.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Bronis%C5%82aw_Kostkowski_patron_Slupska.jpg/180px-Bronis%C5%82aw_Kostkowski_patron_Slupska.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Bronis%C5%82aw_Kostkowski_patron_Slupska.jpg/240px-Bronis%C5%82aw_Kostkowski_patron_Slupska.jpg 2x" data-file-width="307" data-file-height="306" /></a><figcaption>Blessed <a href="/wiki/Bronis%C5%82aw_Kostkowski" title="Bronisław Kostkowski">Bronisław Kostkowski</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_1" title="September 1">September 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Clotilde_Apponyi" title="Clotilde Apponyi">Clotilde Apponyi</a>, Hungarian women's rights activist and diplomat (b. <a href="/wiki/1867" title="1867">1867</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_3" title="September 3">September 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rub%C3%A9n_Ruiz_Ib%C3%A1rruri" title="Rubén Ruiz Ibárruri">Rubén Ruiz Ibárruri</a>, Spanish communist leader (b. <a href="/wiki/1920" title="1920">1920</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_4" title="September 4">September 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Calcaterra" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbert A. Calcaterra">Herbert A. Calcaterra</a>, American navy sailor (b. <a href="/wiki/1920" title="1920">1920</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_5" title="September 5">September 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Labouch%C3%A8re" class="mw-redirect" title="François de Labouchère">François de Labouchère</a>, French pilot (b. <a href="/wiki/1917" title="1917">1917</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_7" title="September 7">September 7</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cecilia_Beaux" title="Cecilia Beaux">Cecilia Beaux</a>, American portraitist (b. <a href="/wiki/1855" title="1855">1855</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huang_Shaoqiang" title="Huang Shaoqiang">Huang Shaoqiang</a>, Chinese painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1901" title="1901">1901</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_8" title="September 8">September 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Adam_Bargielski" title="Adam Bargielski">Adam Bargielski</a>, Polish <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholic</a> priest, martyr and blessed (b. <a href="/wiki/1903" title="1903">1903</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_9" title="September 9">September 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Adele_Kurzweil" title="Adele Kurzweil">Adele Kurzweil</a>, Austrian Holocaust victim (b. <a href="/wiki/1925" title="1925">1925</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_14" title="September 14">September 14</a> <ul><li>Sister <a href="/wiki/Hermana_Fausta" title="Hermana Fausta">Fausta Labrador</a>, Filipino <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholic</a> nun and Servant of God (b. <a href="/wiki/1858" title="1858">1858</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._S._Gosney" title="E. S. Gosney">E. S. Gosney</a>, American philanthropist and eugenicist (b. <a href="/wiki/1855" title="1855">1855</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_20" title="September 20">September 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kanaklata_Barua" title="Kanaklata Barua">Kanaklata Barua</a>, Indian freedom fighter (b. <a href="/wiki/1924" title="1924">1924</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_27" title="September 27">September 27</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_D%C3%ADaz_de_Mendoza_y_Guerrero" class="mw-redirect" title="Fernando Díaz de Mendoza y Guerrero">Fernando Díaz de Mendoza y Guerrero</a>, Spanish actor (b. <a href="/wiki/1897" title="1897">1897</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronis%C5%82aw_Kostkowski" title="Bronisław Kostkowski">Bronisław Kostkowski</a>, Polish <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholic</a> priest, martyr and blessed (b. <a href="/wiki/1915" title="1915">1915</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_29" title="September 29">September 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Matangini_Hazra" title="Matangini Hazra">Matangini Hazra</a>, Indian revolutionary (shot) (b. <a href="/wiki/1870" title="1870">1870</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_30" title="September 30">September 30</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Joachim_Marseille" title="Hans-Joachim Marseille">Hans-Joachim Marseille</a>, German World War II fighter ace (b. <a href="/wiki/1919" title="1919">1919</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon%C4%ABds_Breik%C5%A1s" title="Leonīds Breikšs">Leonīds Breikšs</a>, Latvian poet, journalist and patriot (b. <a href="/wiki/1908" title="1908">1908</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_V._Pacelli" title="William V. Pacelli">William V. Pacelli</a>, American politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1893" title="1893">1893</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October_3">October</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1942&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: October"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blessed_Maria_Antonina_Kratochwil.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Blessed_Maria_Antonina_Kratochwil.jpg/100px-Blessed_Maria_Antonina_Kratochwil.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Blessed_Maria_Antonina_Kratochwil.jpg/150px-Blessed_Maria_Antonina_Kratochwil.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Blessed_Maria_Antonina_Kratochwil.jpg/200px-Blessed_Maria_Antonina_Kratochwil.jpg 2x" data-file-width="383" data-file-height="605" /></a><figcaption>Blessed <a href="/wiki/Maria_Antonina_Kratochwil" title="Maria Antonina Kratochwil">Maria Antonina Kratochwil</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_1" title="October 1">October 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ants_Piip" title="Ants Piip">Ants Piip</a>, 7th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Estonia" title="Prime Minister of Estonia">Prime Minister</a> and 1st <a href="/wiki/State_Elder_of_Estonia" title="State Elder of Estonia">State Elder of Estonia</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1884" title="1884">1884</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_3" title="October 3">October 3</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ludwik_%C4%86wikli%C5%84ski" title="Ludwik Ćwikliński">Ludwik Ćwikliński</a>, Prussian philologist and professor (b. <a href="/wiki/1853" title="1853">1853</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olaf_Huseby" title="Olaf Huseby">Olaf Huseby</a>, Norwegian-born American publisher (b. <a href="/wiki/1856" title="1856">1856</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_5" title="October 5">October 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Cassioli" title="Giuseppe Cassioli">Giuseppe Cassioli</a>, Italian painter and sculptor (b. <a href="/wiki/1865" title="1865">1865</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_6" title="October 6">October 6</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Aguirre" title="Lorenzo Aguirre">Lorenzo Aguirre</a>, Spanish painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1884" title="1884">1884</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wac%C5%82aw_W%C4%85sowicz" title="Wacław Wąsowicz">Wacław Wąsowicz</a>, Polish painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1891" title="1891">1891</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_7" title="October 7">October 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maria_Antonina_Kratochwil" title="Maria Antonina Kratochwil">Maria Antonina Kratochwil</a>, Polish <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> nun, martyr and blessed (b. <a href="/wiki/1881" title="1881">1881</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_8" title="October 8">October 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Effie_Ellsler" title="Effie Ellsler">Effie Ellsler</a>, American actress (b. <a href="/wiki/1855" title="1855">1855</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_9" title="October 9">October 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_T._Hanna" class="mw-redirect" title="William T. Hanna">William T. Hanna</a>, American marine (b. <a href="/wiki/1920" title="1920">1920</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_10" title="October 10">October 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Majewski" title="Arnold Majewski">Arnold Majewski</a>, Finnish military hero of Polish descent (killed in action) (b. <a href="/wiki/1892" title="1892">1892</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-castrén_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-castrén-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_12" title="October 12">October 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Aritomo_Got%C5%8D" title="Aritomo Gotō">Aritomo Gotō</a>, Japanese admiral (killed in action) (b. <a href="/wiki/1888" title="1888">1888</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_13" title="October 13">October 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hong_Yi" title="Hong Yi">Hong Yi</a>, born Li Shutong, Chinese Buddhist artist, art teacher (b. <a href="/wiki/1880" title="1880">1880</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_15" title="October 15">October 15</a> – Dame <a href="/wiki/Marie_Tempest" title="Marie Tempest">Marie Tempest</a>, British actress (b. <a href="/wiki/1864" title="1864">1864</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_16" title="October 16">October 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Leopold_Poetsch" title="Leopold Poetsch">Leopold Poetsch</a>, Austrian history teacher, high school teacher of <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Eichmann" title="Adolf Eichmann">Adolf Eichmann</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1853" title="1853">1853</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_18" title="October 18">October 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Federico_Ferrari_Orsi" title="Federico Ferrari Orsi">Federico Ferrari Orsi</a>, Italian army officer (b. <a href="/wiki/1886" title="1886">1886</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_19" title="October 19">October 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Paul_Nikolaus_Cossmann" title="Paul Nikolaus Cossmann">Paul Nikolaus Cossmann</a>, German journalist (b. <a href="/wiki/1869" title="1869">1869</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_20" title="October 20">October 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/May_Robson" title="May Robson">May Robson</a>, Australian actress (b. <a href="/wiki/1858" title="1858">1858</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_22" title="October 22">October 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Staf_De_Clercq" title="Staf De Clercq">Staf De Clercq</a>, Belgian collaborator and nationalist (b. <a href="/wiki/1884" title="1884">1884</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_23" title="October 23">October 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Rainger" title="Ralph Rainger">Ralph Rainger</a>, American composer and songwriter (b. <a href="/wiki/1901" title="1901">1901</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_24" title="October 24">October 24</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dimitri_Amilakhvari" title="Dimitri Amilakhvari">Dimitri Amilakhvari</a>, French military officer (b. <a href="/wiki/1906" title="1906">1906</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_John_Hutchinson" title="St John Hutchinson">St John Hutchinson</a>, British barrister and politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1884" title="1884">1884</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_C._Morton" title="James C. Morton">James C. Morton</a>, American actor (b. <a href="/wiki/1884" title="1884">1884</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_26" title="October 26">October 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Finnemann" title="William Finnemann">William Finnemann</a>, Filipino <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholic</a> priest, archbishop and servant of God (b. <a href="/wiki/1882" title="1882">1882</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_27" title="October 27">October 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Helmuth_H%C3%BCbener" title="Helmuth Hübener">Helmuth Hübener</a>, German youth political activist against the <a href="/wiki/Hitler" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitler">Hitler</a> regime (executed) (b. <a href="/wiki/1925" title="1925">1925</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_28" title="October 28">October 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alexander_von_Dassel" title="Alexander von Dassel">Alexander von Dassel</a>, German magistrate (b. <a href="/wiki/1854" title="1854">1854</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_31" title="October 31">October 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Caldara" title="Emilio Caldara">Emilio Caldara</a>, Italian politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1868" title="1868">1868</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="November_3">November</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1942&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: November"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Heinrich_XXXIII_RjL_-_Zum_Besten_der_Kriegswaisen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Heinrich_XXXIII_RjL_-_Zum_Besten_der_Kriegswaisen.jpg/100px-Heinrich_XXXIII_RjL_-_Zum_Besten_der_Kriegswaisen.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Heinrich_XXXIII_RjL_-_Zum_Besten_der_Kriegswaisen.jpg/150px-Heinrich_XXXIII_RjL_-_Zum_Besten_der_Kriegswaisen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Heinrich_XXXIII_RjL_-_Zum_Besten_der_Kriegswaisen.jpg/200px-Heinrich_XXXIII_RjL_-_Zum_Besten_der_Kriegswaisen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="795" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Prince_Heinrich_XXXIII_Reuss_of_K%C3%B6stritz" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Heinrich XXXIII Reuss of Köstritz">Prince Heinrich XXXIII Reuss of Köstritz</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hernando_Siles_Reyes_-_CROPPED.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Hernando_Siles_Reyes_-_CROPPED.jpg/100px-Hernando_Siles_Reyes_-_CROPPED.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Hernando_Siles_Reyes_-_CROPPED.jpg/150px-Hernando_Siles_Reyes_-_CROPPED.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Hernando_Siles_Reyes_-_CROPPED.jpg/200px-Hernando_Siles_Reyes_-_CROPPED.jpg 2x" data-file-width="467" data-file-height="766" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hernando_Siles_Reyes" class="mw-redirect" title="Hernando Siles Reyes">Hernando Siles Reyes</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mohammad_Ali_Foroughi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Mohammad_Ali_Foroughi.jpg/100px-Mohammad_Ali_Foroughi.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Mohammad_Ali_Foroughi.jpg/150px-Mohammad_Ali_Foroughi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Mohammad_Ali_Foroughi.jpg/200px-Mohammad_Ali_Foroughi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="321" data-file-height="428" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Ali_Foroughi" title="Mohammad Ali Foroughi">Mohammad Ali Foroughi</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/November_1" title="November 1">November 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Distler" title="Hugo Distler">Hugo Distler</a>, German composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1908" title="1908">1908</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2" title="November 2">November 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elihu_Grant" title="Elihu Grant">Elihu Grant</a>, American scholar and writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1873" title="1873">1873</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_3" title="November 3">November 3</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Abrahamsson" title="Eric Abrahamsson">Eric Abrahamsson</a>, Swedish actor (b. <a href="/wiki/1890" title="1890">1890</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9d%C3%A9_Ardoin" title="Amédé Ardoin">Amédé Ardoin</a>, American musician (b. <a href="/wiki/1898" title="1898">1898</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_5" title="November 5">November 5</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_M._Cohan" title="George M. Cohan">George M. Cohan</a>, American songwriter and entertainer (b. <a href="/wiki/1878" title="1878">1878</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiyoura_Keigo" title="Kiyoura Keigo">Kiyoura Keigo</a>, Prime Minister of Japan (b. <a href="/wiki/1850" title="1850">1850</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_9" title="November 9">November 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edna_May_Oliver" title="Edna May Oliver">Edna May Oliver</a>, American actress (b. <a href="/wiki/1883" title="1883">1883</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_11" title="November 11">November 11</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hector_Abbas" title="Hector Abbas">Hector Abbas</a>, Dutch actor (b. <a href="/wiki/1884" title="1884">1884</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merton_Beckwith-Smith" title="Merton Beckwith-Smith">Merton Beckwith-Smith</a>, British army officer (b. <a href="/wiki/1890" title="1890">1890</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_12" title="November 12">November 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Laura_Hope_Crews" title="Laura Hope Crews">Laura Hope Crews</a>, American actress (b. <a href="/wiki/1879" title="1879">1879</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_13" title="November 13">November 13</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_J._Callaghan" title="Daniel J. Callaghan">Daniel J. Callaghan</a>, American admiral and Medal of Honor recipient (b. <a href="/wiki/1890" title="1890">1890</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Scott_(Medal_of_Honor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman Scott (Medal of Honor)">Norman Scott</a>, American admiral and Medal of Honor recipient (b. <a href="/wiki/1889" title="1889">1889</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_15" title="November 15">November 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Prince_Heinrich_XXXIII_Reuss_of_K%C3%B6stritz" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Heinrich XXXIII Reuss of Köstritz">Prince Heinrich XXXIII Reuss of Köstritz</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1879" title="1879">1879</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_16" title="November 16">November 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Schmidt" title="Joseph Schmidt">Joseph Schmidt</a>, Polish tenor (b. <a href="/wiki/1904" title="1904">1904</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_19" title="November 19">November 19</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ilya_Fondaminsky" title="Ilya Fondaminsky">Ilya Fondaminsky</a>, Soviet author (b. <a href="/wiki/1880" title="1880">1880</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Schulz" title="Bruno Schulz">Bruno Schulz</a>, Polish writer and painter (shot) (b. <a href="/wiki/1892" title="1892">1892</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_21" title="November 21">November 21</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Count_Leopold_Berchtold" class="mw-redirect" title="Count Leopold Berchtold">Count Leopold Berchtold</a>, Austro-Hungarian foreign minister (b. <a href="/wiki/1863" title="1863">1863</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._B._M._Hertzog" title="J. B. M. Hertzog">J. B. M. Hertzog</a>, Boer General and 3rd Prime Minister of South Africa (b. <a href="/wiki/1866" title="1866">1866</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_23" title="November 23">November 23</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tomitar%C5%8D_Horii" title="Tomitarō Horii">Tomitarō Horii</a>, Japanese general (b. <a href="/wiki/1890" title="1890">1890</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hernando_Siles_Reyes" class="mw-redirect" title="Hernando Siles Reyes">Hernando Siles Reyes</a>, Bolivian politician, 31st <a href="/wiki/President_of_Bolivia" title="President of Bolivia">President of Bolivia</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1882" title="1882">1882</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_24" title="November 24">November 24</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guido_Masiero" title="Guido Masiero">Guido Masiero</a>, Italian World War I flying ace and aviation pioneer (b. <a href="/wiki/1895" title="1895">1895</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Agello" title="Francesco Agello">Francesco Agello</a>, Italian aviator (b. <a href="/wiki/1902" title="1902">1902</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_25" title="November 25">November 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mihail_Dragomirescu" title="Mihail Dragomirescu">Mihail Dragomirescu</a>, Romanian aesthetician, theorist and critic (b. <a href="/wiki/1868" title="1868">1868</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_26" title="November 26">November 26</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Ali_Foroughi" title="Mohammad Ali Foroughi">Mohammad Ali Foroughi</a>, Iranian diplomat, politician, teacher and writer, 3-time <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Iran" title="Prime Minister of Iran">Prime Minister of Iran</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1877" title="1877">1877</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigtryggur_Jonasson" title="Sigtryggur Jonasson">Sigtryggur Jonasson</a>, Canadian politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1852" title="1852">1852</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_27" title="November 27">November 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Harms" title="Hermann Harms">Hermann Harms</a>, German botanist (b. <a href="/wiki/1870" title="1870">1870</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_28" title="November 28">November 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marceli_Nowotko" title="Marceli Nowotko">Marceli Nowotko</a>, Polish activist (b. <a href="/wiki/1893" title="1893">1893</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_29" title="November 29">November 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Stamps_Farish_II" title="William Stamps Farish II">William Stamps Farish II</a>, American pioneer (b. <a href="/wiki/1881" title="1881">1881</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_30" title="November 30">November 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Buck_Jones" title="Buck Jones">Buck Jones</a>, American actor (b. <a href="/wiki/1891" title="1891">1891</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="December_3">December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1942&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fran%C3%A7ois_Darlan_1942_USA-MTO-NWA-p266.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Fran%C3%A7ois_Darlan_1942_USA-MTO-NWA-p266.jpg/100px-Fran%C3%A7ois_Darlan_1942_USA-MTO-NWA-p266.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Fran%C3%A7ois_Darlan_1942_USA-MTO-NWA-p266.jpg/150px-Fran%C3%A7ois_Darlan_1942_USA-MTO-NWA-p266.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/Fran%C3%A7ois_Darlan_1942_USA-MTO-NWA-p266.jpg 2x" data-file-width="175" data-file-height="313" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Darlan" title="François Darlan">François Darlan</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/December_1" title="December 1">December 1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teddy_Sheean" title="Teddy Sheean">Teddy Sheean</a>, Royal Australian Navy sailor, killed in action at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Timor" title="Battle of Timor">Battle of Timor</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1923" title="1923">1923</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Wachholz" title="Leon Wachholz">Leon Wachholz</a>, Polish scientist and medical examiner (b. <a href="/wiki/1867" title="1867">1867</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_3" title="December 3">December 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Junk" title="Wilhelm Junk">Wilhelm Junk</a>, Czechoslovakian natural historian, bibliographer and entomologist (b. <a href="/wiki/1866" title="1866">1866</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_5" title="December 5">December 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Richard_Tucker_(actor)" title="Richard Tucker (actor)">Richard Tucker</a>, American actor (b. <a href="/wiki/1884" title="1884">1884</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_6" title="December 6">December 6</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Herxheimer" title="Karl Herxheimer">Karl Herxheimer</a>, German dermatologist (b. <a href="/wiki/1861" title="1861">1861</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_Rusie" title="Amos Rusie">Amos Rusie</a>, American baseball player and <a href="/wiki/MLB_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="MLB Hall of Fame">MLB Hall of Famer</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1871" title="1871">1871</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_7" title="December 7">December 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Orland_Steen_Loomis" title="Orland Steen Loomis">Orland Steen Loomis</a>, Governor of Wisconsin (b. <a href="/wiki/1893" title="1893">1893</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_8" title="December 8">December 8</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Eitel_Friedrich_of_Prussia" title="Prince Eitel Friedrich of Prussia">Prince Eitel Friedrich of Prussia</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1883" title="1883">1883</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Kahn_(architect)" title="Albert Kahn (architect)">Albert Kahn</a>, American architect (b. <a href="/wiki/1869" title="1869">1869</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_9" title="December 9">December 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9raphine_Louis" title="Séraphine Louis">Séraphine Louis</a>, French painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1864" title="1864">1864</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_12" title="December 12">December 12</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Danneberg" title="Robert Danneberg">Robert Danneberg</a>, Austrian politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1882" title="1882">1882</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Westley" title="Helen Westley">Helen Westley</a>, American actress (b. <a href="/wiki/1875" title="1875">1875</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_13" title="December 13">December 13</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hakeem_Fateh_Mohammad_Sehwani" title="Hakeem Fateh Mohammad Sehwani">Hakeem Fateh Mohammad Sehwani</a>, Indian scholar, poet, literary, journalist and politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1882" title="1882">1882</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wlodimir_Led%C3%B3chowski" title="Wlodimir Ledóchowski">Wlodimir Ledóchowski</a>, Polish <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Jesuit</a> priest and servant of God (b. <a href="/wiki/1866" title="1866">1866</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_17" title="December 17">December 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edith_Pretty" title="Edith Pretty">Edith Pretty</a>, British landowner (b. <a href="/wiki/1883" title="1883">1883</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_19" title="December 19">December 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Carl_Gustav_Fleischer" title="Carl Gustav Fleischer">Carl Gustav Fleischer</a>, Norwegian general (b. <a href="/wiki/1883" title="1883">1883</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_21" title="December 21">December 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Franz_Boas" title="Franz Boas">Franz Boas</a>, German anthropologist (b. <a href="/wiki/1858" title="1858">1858</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_22" title="December 22">December 22</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kosch" title="Robert Kosch">Robert Kosch</a>, Prussian general (b. <a href="/wiki/1856" title="1856">1856</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard-Heinrich_von_Reuss&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard-Heinrich von Reuss (page does not exist)">Richard-Heinrich von Reuss</a>, German General, <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_Action" class="mw-redirect" title="Killed in Action">KIA</a> at Stalingrad (b, <a href="/wiki/1896" title="1896">1896</a>).</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_23" title="December 23">December 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Balmont" title="Konstantin Balmont">Konstantin Balmont</a>, Soviet poet and translator (b. <a href="/wiki/1867" title="1867">1867</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_24" title="December 24">December 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Darlan" title="François Darlan">François Darlan</a>, French admiral and politician, 81st <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_France" title="Prime Minister of France">Prime Minister of France</a> (assassinated) (b. <a href="/wiki/1881" title="1881">1881</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_27" title="December 27">December 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_G._Morgan" title="William G. Morgan">William G. Morgan</a>, American inventor of volleyball (b. <a href="/wiki/1870" title="1870">1870</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_30" title="December 30">December 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nevile_Henderson" title="Nevile Henderson">Sir Neville Henderson</a>, British diplomat (b. <a href="/wiki/1882" title="1882">1882</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1942&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/deaths-in-conflicts-by-source">"Deaths in conflicts by source"</a>. <i>Our World in Data</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230607131919/https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/deaths-in-conflicts-by-source">Archived</a> from the original on June 7, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 22,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Our+World+in+Data&rft.atitle=Deaths+in+conflicts+by+source&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fourworldindata.org%2Fgrapher%2Fdeaths-in-conflicts-by-source&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevine2000" class="citation book cs1">Levine, Alan (2000). <i>Captivity, flight, and survival in World War II</i>. Westport, CT: Praeger. p. 119. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780275969554" title="Special:BookSources/9780275969554"><bdi>9780275969554</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Captivity%2C+flight%2C+and+survival+in+World+War+II&rft.place=Westport%2C+CT&rft.pages=119&rft.pub=Praeger&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780275969554&rft.aulast=Levine&rft.aufirst=Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHack2004" class="citation book cs1">Hack, Karl (2004). <i>Did Singapore have to fall?: Churchill and the impregnable fortress</i>. London New York: RoutledgeCurzon. p. 224. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781134396382" title="Special:BookSources/9781134396382"><bdi>9781134396382</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Did+Singapore+have+to+fall%3F%3A+Churchill+and+the+impregnable+fortress&rft.place=London+New+York&rft.pages=224&rft.pub=RoutledgeCurzon&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9781134396382&rft.aulast=Hack&rft.aufirst=Karl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_M._Glantz2005" class="citation book cs1">David M. Glantz (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YwBoAAAAMAAJ"><i>Colossus Reborn: The Red Army at War: 1941-1943</i></a>. University Press of Kansas. p. 215. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7006-1353-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7006-1353-3"><bdi>978-0-7006-1353-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Colossus+Reborn%3A+The+Red+Army+at+War%3A+1941-1943&rft.pages=215&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kansas&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7006-1353-3&rft.au=David+M.+Glantz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYwBoAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=m9UtAQAAIAAJ"><i>Asian Profile</i></a>. Asian Research Service. 1997. p. 458.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Asian+Profile&rft.pages=458&rft.pub=Asian+Research+Service&rft.date=1997&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dm9UtAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSugiman2004" class="citation journal cs1">Sugiman, Pamela (2004). "Memories of internment: narrating Japanese Canadian women's life stories". <i>The Canadian Journal of Sociology</i>. <b>29</b> (3): 359–388. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fcjs.2004.0049">10.1353/cjs.2004.0049</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3654672">3654672</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144013114">144013114</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Canadian+Journal+of+Sociology&rft.atitle=Memories+of+internment%3A+narrating+Japanese+Canadian+women%27s+life+stories&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=359-388&rft.date=2004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144013114%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3654672%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fcjs.2004.0049&rft.aulast=Sugiman&rft.aufirst=Pamela&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article48749454">"I Came Through; I Shall Return"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Advertiser_(Adelaide)" title="The Advertiser (Adelaide)">The Advertiser</a></i>. Adelaide. March 21, 1942. p. 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220320165840/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/48749454">Archived</a> from the original on March 20, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 20,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Advertiser&rft.atitle=I+Came+Through%3B+I+Shall+Return&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1942-03-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.news-article48749454&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130113222535/http://www.russia-today.ru/2012_13_37.html"><bdi lang="ru">Великая Отечественная: когда захороним последнего солдата?</bdi></a>. <i>Russia Today</i> (in Russian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.russia-today.ru/2012_13_37.html">the original</a> on January 13, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 21,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Russia+Today&rft.atitle=%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F%3A+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.russia-today.ru%2F2012_13_37.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parstimes.com/history/polish_refugees/exodus_russia.html">"Iran and the Polish Exodus from Russia 1942"</a>. parstimes. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121030164045/http://www.parstimes.com/history/polish_refugees/exodus_russia.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 30, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 25,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iran+and+the+Polish+Exodus+from+Russia+1942&rft.pub=parstimes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parstimes.com%2Fhistory%2Fpolish_refugees%2Fexodus_russia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQobil2017" class="citation news cs1">Qobil, Rustam (May 9, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-39849088">"Why were 101 Uzbeks killed in the Netherlands in 1942?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200330201803/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-39849088">Archived</a> from the original on March 30, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 9,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Why+were+101+Uzbeks+killed+in+the+Netherlands+in+1942%3F&rft.date=2017-05-09&rft.aulast=Qobil&rft.aufirst=Rustam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fmagazine-39849088&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Generalgouvernement,_2004,_pp._257–281-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Generalgouvernement,_2004,_pp._257–281_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMusial,_Bogdan2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bogdan_Musial" class="mw-redirect" title="Bogdan Musial">Musial, Bogdan</a>, ed. (2004). "Treblinka – ein Todeslager der "Aktion Reinhard"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i>Aktion Reinhard" – Die Vernichtung der Juden im Generalgouvernement</i>. Osnabrück. pp. 257–281.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Treblinka+%E2%80%93+ein+Todeslager+der+%22Aktion+Reinhard%22&rft.btitle=Aktion+Reinhard%22+%E2%80%93+Die+Vernichtung+der+Juden+im+Generalgouvernement&rft.place=Osnabr%C3%BCck&rft.pages=257-281&rft.date=2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CGH-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CGH_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNiewykNicosia2000" class="citation book cs1">Niewyk, Donald L.; Nicosia, Francis R. (2000). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/columbiaguidetot00niew"><i>The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust</i></a></span>. Columbia University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/columbiaguidetot00niew/page/210">210</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-231-11200-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-231-11200-9"><bdi>0-231-11200-9</bdi></a>. <q>Treblinka Treblinka.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Columbia+Guide+to+the+Holocaust&rft.pages=210&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-231-11200-9&rft.aulast=Niewyk&rft.aufirst=Donald+L.&rft.au=Nicosia%2C+Francis+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcolumbiaguidetot00niew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Woodman, Richard (2000). <i>Malta Convoys 1940-1943</i>, p. 320. London: John Murray. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7195-6408-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-7195-6408-5">0-7195-6408-5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ref1-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ref1_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuigley1966" class="citation book cs1">Quigley, Carroll (1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KQZxAAAAIAAJ&q=tragedy+and+hope"><i>Tragedy And Hope</i></a>. New York: Macmillan. p. 745. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-945001-10-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-945001-10-X"><bdi>0-945001-10-X</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207090537/https://books.google.com/books?id=KQZxAAAAIAAJ&q=tragedy+and+hope">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 21,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tragedy+And+Hope&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=745&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1966&rft.isbn=0-945001-10-X&rft.aulast=Quigley&rft.aufirst=Carroll&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKQZxAAAAIAAJ%26q%3Dtragedy%2Band%2Bhope&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorton" class="citation book cs1">Morton, Louis (1953). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120108061554/http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/5-2/5-2_Contents.htm"><i>The Fall of the Philippines</i></a>. U.S. Army in World War II: The War in the Pacific. Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Center_of_Military_History" title="United States Army Center of Military History">United States Army Center of Military History</a>. pp. 560–561. CMH Pub 5-2. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/5-2/5-2_Contents.htm">the original</a> on January 8, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 12,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fall+of+the+Philippines&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.series=U.S.+Army+in+World+War+II%3A+The+War+in+the+Pacific&rft.pages=560-561&rft.pub=United+States+Army+Center+of+Military+History&rft.date=1953&rft.aulast=Morton&rft.aufirst=Louis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.army.mil%2Fbooks%2Fwwii%2F5-2%2F5-2_Contents.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForczyk2008" class="citation book cs1">Forczyk, Robert (2008). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sevastopolvonman00forc"><i>Sevastopol 1942, Von Manstein's triumph</i></a></span>. Bloomsbury USA. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sevastopolvonman00forc/page/n18">35</a>–37. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-221-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-221-9"><bdi>978-1-84603-221-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sevastopol+1942%2C+Von+Manstein%27s+triumph&rft.pages=35-37&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+USA&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-84603-221-9&rft.aulast=Forczyk&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsevastopolvonman00forc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeegan2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Keegan" title="John Keegan">Keegan, John</a> (2005). <i>The Second World War</i>. New York: Penguin. p. 275. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-303573-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-303573-2"><bdi>978-0-14-303573-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/904565693">904565693</a>. <q>the most stunning and decisive blow in the history of naval warfare.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Second+World+War&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=275&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F904565693&rft.isbn=978-0-14-303573-2&rft.aulast=Keegan&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Nazis Blot Out Czech Village; Kill All Men, Disperse Others". <i>The New York Times</i>. June 11, 1942.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Nazis+Blot+Out+Czech+Village%3B+Kill+All+Men%2C+Disperse+Others&rft.date=1942-06-11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Clifford" title="Alexander Clifford">Clifford, Alexander</a> (1943). <i>Three Against Rommel: The Campaigns of Wavell, Auchinleck and Alexander</i>, p. 264. London: Harrap. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/186758297">186758297</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mackenzie, Compton (1951). <i>Eastern Epic: September 1939 – March 1943 Defence</i>, pp. 554–555. Vol. I. London: Chatto & Windus. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/59637091">59637091</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Franz Kurowski (1986). <i>Das Afrika Korps: Erwin Rommel and the Germans in Africa, 1941–1943</i>, p. 150. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8117-4033-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8117-4033-3">978-0-8117-4033-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716193024/http://www.taphilo.com/history/8thaf/index.shtml">"8th Air Force during WWII in the ETO: facts, statistics, history, and useful information"</a>. <i>www.taphilo.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taphilo.com/history/8thaf/index.shtml">the original</a> on July 16, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 1,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.taphilo.com&rft.atitle=8th+Air+Force+during+WWII+in+the+ETO%3A+facts%2C+statistics%2C+history%2C+and+useful+information&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.taphilo.com%2Fhistory%2F8thaf%2Findex.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110816165404/http://fpmedia.club.officelive.com/EersteaanvalVIIIBomberCommand.aspx">"Eerste aanval VIII Bomber Command"</a>. August 16, 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fpmedia.club.officelive.com/EersteaanvalVIIIBomberCommand.aspx">the original</a> on August 16, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eerste+aanval+VIII+Bomber+Command&rft.date=2011-08-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffpmedia.club.officelive.com%2FEersteaanvalVIIIBomberCommand.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fzWBAAAAIAAJ&pg=PR5"><i>Days of Remembrance, April 26-May 3, 1992: Fifty Years Ago : in the Depths of Darkness : Commemoration Planning Guide</i></a>. United States Holocaust Memorial Council. 1992. p. 5. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207100449/https://books.google.com/books?id=fzWBAAAAIAAJ&pg=PR5">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Days+of+Remembrance%2C+April+26-May+3%2C+1992%3A+Fifty+Years+Ago+%3A+in+the+Depths+of+Darkness+%3A+Commemoration+Planning+Guide&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=United+States+Holocaust+Memorial+Council&rft.date=1992&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfzWBAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPR5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRohwer,_J.Hummelchen,_G.1992" class="citation book cs1">Rohwer, J.; Hummelchen, G. (1992). <i>Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945</i>. Naval Institute Press. p. 153. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55750-105-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55750-105-9"><bdi>978-1-55750-105-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chronology+of+the+War+at+Sea+1939%E2%80%931945&rft.pages=153&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-1-55750-105-9&rft.au=Rohwer%2C+J.&rft.au=Hummelchen%2C+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUSPTO" class="citation web cs1">USPTO. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pdfpiw.uspto.gov/.piw?PageNum=0&docid=02292387&IDKey=F01524164BEB&HomeUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fpatft.uspto.gov%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fpatimg.htm">"Patent 2,292,387 Full Text"</a>. <i>United States Patent and Trademark Office</i>. USPTO. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200110223615/https://pdfpiw.uspto.gov/.piw?PageNum=0&docid=02292387&IDKey=F01524164BEB&HomeUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fpatft.uspto.gov%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fpatimg.htm">Archived</a> from the original on January 10, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 20,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Patent+and+Trademark+Office&rft.atitle=Patent+2%2C292%2C387+Full+Text&rft.au=USPTO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpdfpiw.uspto.gov%2F.piw%3FPageNum%3D0%26docid%3D02292387%26IDKey%3DF01524164BEB%26HomeUrl%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fpatft.uspto.gov%252Fnetahtml%252FPTO%252Fpatimg.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLong2011" class="citation magazine cs1">Long, Tony (August 11, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/thisdayintech/2011/08/0811hedy-lamar-george-antheil-torpedo-patent">"This Day in Tech: Aug. 11, 1942: Actress + Piano Player=New Torpedo"</a>. <i>Wired</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110910052538/http://www.wired.com/thisdayintech/2011/08/0811hedy-lamar-george-antheil-torpedo-patent/">Archived</a> from the original on September 10, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 17,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=This+Day+in+Tech%3A+Aug.+11%2C+1942%3A+Actress+%2B+Piano+Player%3DNew+Torpedo&rft.date=2011-08-11&rft.aulast=Long&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2Fthisdayintech%2F2011%2F08%2F0811hedy-lamar-george-antheil-torpedo-patent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMilner,_Marc1985" class="citation book cs1">Milner, Marc (1985). <i>North Atlantic Run</i>. Naval Institute Press. pp. 148–150. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87021-450-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-87021-450-0"><bdi>0-87021-450-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=North+Atlantic+Run&rft.pages=148-150&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0-87021-450-0&rft.au=Milner%2C+Marc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLangley1988" class="citation book cs1">Langley, Mike (1988). <i>Anders Lassen VC MC</i>. London: New English Library. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0450424928" title="Special:BookSources/0450424928"><bdi>0450424928</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anders+Lassen+VC+MC&rft.place=London&rft.pub=New+English+Library&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0450424928&rft.aulast=Langley&rft.aufirst=Mike&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis2014" class="citation book cs1">Lewis, Damien (2014). <i>Churchill's Secret Warriors: The Explosive True Story of the Special Forces..</i>. London: Quercus. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781848669178" title="Special:BookSources/9781848669178"><bdi>9781848669178</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Churchill%27s+Secret+Warriors%3A+The+Explosive+True+Story+of+the+Special+Forces...&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Quercus&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781848669178&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Damien&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carver, Michael (1962). <i>El Alamein</i>, p. 70. Ware, Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Editions. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84022-220-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84022-220-3">978-1-84022-220-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.yadvashem.org/yv/en/exhibitions/wolbrom/index.asp?WT.mc_id=wiki">"On One Clear Day: The Story of Jewish Wolbrom"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140903150755/http://www1.yadvashem.org/yv/en/exhibitions/wolbrom/index.asp?WT.mc_id=wiki">Archived</a> from the original on September 3, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 5,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=On+One+Clear+Day%3A+The+Story+of+Jewish+Wolbrom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww1.yadvashem.org%2Fyv%2Fen%2Fexhibitions%2Fwolbrom%2Findex.asp%3FWT.mc_id%3Dwiki&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMilner,_Marc1985" class="citation book cs1">Milner, Marc (1985). <i>North Atlantic Run</i>. Naval Institute Press. pp. 159–163. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87021-450-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-87021-450-0"><bdi>0-87021-450-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=North+Atlantic+Run&rft.pages=159-163&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0-87021-450-0&rft.au=Milner%2C+Marc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuggenthaler1977" class="citation book cs1">Muggenthaler, August Karl (1977). <i>German Raiders of WWII</i>. Prentice-Hall. pp. 241–242. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-13-354027-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-13-354027-8"><bdi>0-13-354027-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=German+Raiders+of+WWII&rft.pages=241-242&rft.pub=Prentice-Hall&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=0-13-354027-8&rft.aulast=Muggenthaler&rft.aufirst=August+Karl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAngelucci1987" class="citation book cs1">Angelucci, Enzo (1987). <i>The American Fighter: the Definitive Guide to American Fighter Aircraft from 1917 to the present</i>. New York: Orion Books. p. 50.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+American+Fighter%3A+the+Definitive+Guide+to+American+Fighter+Aircraft+from+1917+to+the+present&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=50&rft.pub=Orion+Books&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Angelucci&rft.aufirst=Enzo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRohwer,_J.Hummelchen,_G.1992" class="citation book cs1">Rohwer, J.; Hummelchen, G. (1992). <i>Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945</i>. Naval Institute Press. p. 167. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55750-105-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-55750-105-X"><bdi>1-55750-105-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chronology+of+the+War+at+Sea+1939%E2%80%931945&rft.pages=167&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=1-55750-105-X&rft.au=Rohwer%2C+J.&rft.au=Hummelchen%2C+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimpson2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Simpson_(journalist)" title="John Simpson (journalist)">Simpson, John</a> (2000). <i>A Mad World, My Masters</i>. London: Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780333724200" title="Special:BookSources/9780333724200"><bdi>9780333724200</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Mad+World%2C+My+Masters&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780333724200&rft.aulast=Simpson&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLongshore2008" class="citation book cs1">Longshore, David (2008). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediahurr00long"><i>Encyclopedia of Hurricanes, Typhoons, and Cyclones</i></a></span> (New ed.). New York: Facts On File. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediahurr00long/page/n270">258</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-1879-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-1879-6"><bdi>978-1-4381-1879-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Hurricanes%2C+Typhoons%2C+and+Cyclones&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=258&rft.edition=New&rft.pub=Facts+On+File&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4381-1879-6&rft.aulast=Longshore&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediahurr00long&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdwards,_Bernard1999" class="citation book cs1">Edwards, Bernard (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/donitzwolfpacks0000edwa/page/115"><i>Dönitz and the Wolf Packs</i></a>. Brockhampton Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/donitzwolfpacks0000edwa/page/115">115</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86019-927-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-86019-927-5"><bdi>1-86019-927-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=D%C3%B6nitz+and+the+Wolf+Packs&rft.pages=115&rft.pub=Brockhampton+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=1-86019-927-5&rft.au=Edwards%2C+Bernard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdonitzwolfpacks0000edwa%2Fpage%2F115&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaters1967" class="citation book cs1">Waters, John M. Jr. (1967). <i>Bloody Winter</i>. Princeton, NJ: D. Van Nostrand Company. pp. 38–55.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bloody+Winter&rft.place=Princeton%2C+NJ&rft.pages=38-55&rft.pub=D.+Van+Nostrand+Company&rft.date=1967&rft.aulast=Waters&rft.aufirst=John+M.+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuttstadt2013" class="citation book cs1">Guttstadt, Corry (May 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oebVDvecEGMC"><i>Turkey, the Jews, and the Holocaust</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 73. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0521769914" title="Special:BookSources/978-0521769914"><bdi>978-0521769914</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207090519/https://books.google.com/books?id=oebVDvecEGMC">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 10,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turkey%2C+the+Jews%2C+and+the+Holocaust&rft.pages=73&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2013-05&rft.isbn=978-0521769914&rft.aulast=Guttstadt&rft.aufirst=Corry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoebVDvecEGMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span>"After preliminary propaganda, the Turkish Parliament passed Law No. 4305, which introduced the Varlık Vergisi, on November 11, 1942."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInce2012" class="citation book cs1">Ince, Basak (April 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ydpiawe35DwC"><i>Citizenship and Identity in Turkey: From Atatürk's Republic to the Present Day</i></a>. I. B. Tauris. p. 75. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1780760261" title="Special:BookSources/978-1780760261"><bdi>978-1780760261</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207090520/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ydpiawe35DwC">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 10,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Citizenship+and+Identity+in+Turkey%3A+From+Atat%C3%BCrk%27s+Republic+to+the+Present+Day&rft.pages=75&rft.pub=I.+B.+Tauris&rft.date=2012-04&rft.isbn=978-1780760261&rft.aulast=Ince&rft.aufirst=Basak&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYdpiawe35DwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span>"However, the underlying reason was the elimination of minorities from the economy, and the replacement of the non-Muslim bourgeoisie by its Turkish counterpart."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFÇetinoğlu2012" class="citation book cs1">Çetinoğlu, Sait (2012). "The Mechanisms for Terrorizing Minorities: The Capital Tax and Work Battalions in Turkey during the Second World War". <i>Mediterranean Quarterly</i>. Vol. 23. DUKE University Press. p. 14. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1215%2F10474552-1587838">10.1215/10474552-1587838</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154339814">154339814</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Mechanisms+for+Terrorizing+Minorities%3A+The+Capital+Tax+and+Work+Battalions+in+Turkey+during+the+Second+World+War&rft.btitle=Mediterranean+Quarterly&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=DUKE+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1215%2F10474552-1587838&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154339814%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=%C3%87etino%C4%9Flu&rft.aufirst=Sait&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span>"The aim was to destroy the economic and cultural base of these minorities, loot their properties and means of livelihood, and, at the same time "turkify" the economy of Turkey."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuttstadt2013" class="citation book cs1">Guttstadt, Corry (May 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oebVDvecEGMC"><i>Turkey, the Jews, and the Holocaust</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 76. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0521769914" title="Special:BookSources/978-0521769914"><bdi>978-0521769914</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207090519/https://books.google.com/books?id=oebVDvecEGMC">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 10,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turkey%2C+the+Jews%2C+and+the+Holocaust&rft.pages=76&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2013-05&rft.isbn=978-0521769914&rft.aulast=Guttstadt&rft.aufirst=Corry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoebVDvecEGMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span>"... We will use it to eliminate the foreigners who control the market and hand the Turkish market over the Turks." "The foreigners to be eliminated" referred primarily to the non-Muslims citizens of Turkey."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlair,_Clay1998" class="citation book cs1">Blair, Clay (1998). <i>Hitler's U-Boat War: The Hunted 1942–1945</i>. Random House. pp. 118–120. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-679-45742-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-679-45742-9"><bdi>0-679-45742-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler%27s+U-Boat+War%3A+The+Hunted+1942%E2%80%931945&rft.pages=118-120&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-679-45742-9&rft.au=Blair%2C+Clay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDawson2005" class="citation book cs1">Dawson, Jeff (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=naMFHgAACAAJ"><i>Dead Reckoning: The Dunedin Star Disaster</i></a>. London, UK: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7538-2044-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-7538-2044-7"><bdi>0-7538-2044-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 31,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dead+Reckoning%3A+The+Dunedin+Star+Disaster&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pub=Weidenfeld+%26+Nicolson&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-7538-2044-7&rft.aulast=Dawson&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnaMFHgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gill, G. Hermon (1968). <i>Royal Australian Navy, 1942–1945</i>, pp. 244–245. Australia in the War of 1939–1945. Series 2 – Navy: Volume II. Canberra: Australian War Memorial. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/65475">65475</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110111050815/http://www.gordonmumford.com/m-navy/ons154-0.htm">"Convoy ONS 154"</a>. J. Gordon Mumford. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gordonmumford.com/m-navy/ons154-0.htm">the original</a> on January 11, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 2,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Convoy+ONS+154&rft.pub=J.+Gordon+Mumford&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gordonmumford.com%2Fm-navy%2Fons154-0.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Lavezzoli2006" class="citation book cs1">Peter Lavezzoli (April 24, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OSZKCXtx-wEC&pg=PA332"><i>The Dawn of Indian Music in the West</i></a>. A&C Black. p. 332. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-1815-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-1815-9"><bdi>978-0-8264-1815-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207090521/https://books.google.com/books?id=OSZKCXtx-wEC&pg=PA332#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dawn+of+Indian+Music+in+the+West&rft.pages=332&rft.pub=A%26C+Black&rft.date=2006-04-24&rft.isbn=978-0-8264-1815-9&rft.au=Peter+Lavezzoli&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOSZKCXtx-wEC%26pg%3DPA332&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGiancarlo_Colombo2002" class="citation book cs1">Giancarlo Colombo (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wXxmAAAAMAAJ"><i>Who's who in Italy 2002</i></a>. Who's Who in Italy. p. 1395. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-85246-48-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-85246-48-5"><bdi>978-88-85246-48-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207090537/https://books.google.com/books?id=wXxmAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who%27s+who+in+Italy+2002&rft.pages=1395&rft.pub=Who%27s+Who+in+Italy&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-88-85246-48-5&rft.au=Giancarlo+Colombo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwXxmAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://raajje.mv/122753">"Celebrated actress Fauziyya Hassan dies"</a>. <i>raajje.mv</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220830111450/https://raajje.mv/122753">Archived</a> from the original on August 30, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 7,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=raajje.mv&rft.atitle=Celebrated+actress+Fauziyya+Hassan+dies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fraajje.mv%2F122753&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnita_Croy2021" class="citation book cs1">Anita Croy (June 24, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZFkGEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA4"><i>Stephen Hawking</i></a>. Raintree. p. 4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-398-20142-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-398-20142-2"><bdi>978-1-398-20142-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207090612/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZFkGEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA4">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stephen+Hawking&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Raintree&rft.date=2021-06-24&rft.isbn=978-1-398-20142-2&rft.au=Anita+Croy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZFkGEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeoff_Andrew1990" class="citation book cs1">Geoff Andrew (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EQK1AAAAIAAJ"><i>The Film Handbook</i></a>. G.K. Hall. p. 130. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8161-9093-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8161-9093-5"><bdi>978-0-8161-9093-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Film+Handbook&rft.pages=130&rft.pub=G.K.+Hall&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-8161-9093-5&rft.au=Geoff+Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEQK1AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WA3vAAAAMAAJ"><i>Chase's Annual Events</i></a>. Contemporary Books. 1994. p. 63. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8092-3732-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8092-3732-6"><bdi>978-0-8092-3732-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230901100002/https://books.google.com/books?id=WA3vAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on September 1, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chase%27s+Annual+Events&rft.pages=63&rft.pub=Contemporary+Books&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-8092-3732-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWA3vAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.olympic.org/cassius-clay">"Cassius Clay"</a>. <i>Olympic.org</i>. <a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">International Olympic Committee</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210402030603/https://www.olympic.org/cassius-clay">Archived</a> from the original on April 2, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Olympic.org&rft.atitle=Cassius+Clay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympic.org%2Fcassius-clay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=C4gYAAAAIAAJ"><i>Current Biography Yearbook</i></a>. H. W. Wilson Company. 1992. p. 141.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Current+Biography+Yearbook&rft.pages=141&rft.pub=H.+W.+Wilson+Company&rft.date=1992&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DC4gYAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFred_Bronson1997" class="citation book cs1">Fred Bronson (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RVFLAAAAYAAJ"><i>The Billboard Book of Number One Hits</i></a>. Billboard Books. p. 280. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8230-7641-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8230-7641-3"><bdi>978-0-8230-7641-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Billboard+Book+of+Number+One+Hits&rft.pages=280&rft.pub=Billboard+Books&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-8230-7641-3&rft.au=Fred+Bronson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRVFLAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlain_GreshDominique_Vidal1990" class="citation book cs1">Alain Gresh; Dominique Vidal (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NEksAQAAIAAJ"><i>An A to Z of the Middle East</i></a>. Zed Books. p. 50. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86232-880-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86232-880-1"><bdi>978-0-86232-880-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+A+to+Z+of+the+Middle+East&rft.pages=50&rft.pub=Zed+Books&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-86232-880-1&rft.au=Alain+Gresh&rft.au=Dominique+Vidal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNEksAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunmore2011" class="citation book cs1">Dunmore, Tom (2011). <i>Historical dictionary of soccer</i>. Lanham, Md: Scarecrow Press. p. 74. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780810871885" title="Special:BookSources/9780810871885"><bdi>9780810871885</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+dictionary+of+soccer&rft.place=Lanham%2C+Md&rft.pages=74&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780810871885&rft.aulast=Dunmore&rft.aufirst=Tom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parlament.hu/kepv/eletrajz/hu/u390.htm">"<i>Biography</i>"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly of Hungary">Országgyűlés</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biography&rft.pub=Orsz%C3%A1ggy%C5%B1l%C3%A9s&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parlament.hu%2Fkepv%2Feletrajz%2Fhu%2Fu390.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.olympic.org/sjoukje-dijkstra">"Sjoukje Dijkstra"</a>. <i>Olympic.org</i>. <a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">International Olympic Committee</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170326182915/https://www.olympic.org/sjoukje-dijkstra">Archived</a> from the original on March 26, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Olympic.org&rft.atitle=Sjoukje+Dijkstra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympic.org%2Fsjoukje-dijkstra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorm_N._NiteWolfman_Jack1982" class="citation book cs1">Norm N. Nite; Wolfman Jack (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rxwKAQAAMAAJ"><i>Rock on: The video revolution, 1978-present</i></a>. Harper & Row. p. 19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-181644-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-181644-4"><bdi>978-0-06-181644-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rock+on%3A+The+video+revolution%2C+1978-present&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Row&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0-06-181644-4&rft.au=Norm+N.+Nite&rft.au=Wolfman+Jack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrxwKAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tony Peake, <i>Derek Jarman: A Biography</i> (Woodstock: Overlook Press, 1999), pp. 12–13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStolworthy" class="citation news cs1">Stolworthy, Jacob. <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/news/terry-jones-death-monty-python-age-cause-a9296546.html">"Terry Jones death: Monty Python star and Life of Brian director dies, aged 77"</a></span>. <i>The Independent</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/news/terry-jones-death-monty-python-age-cause-a9296546.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 1, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Terry+Jones+death%3A+Monty+Python+star+and+Life+of+Brian+director+dies%2C+aged+77&rft.aulast=Stolworthy&rft.aufirst=Jacob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Farts-entertainment%2Ftv%2Fnews%2Fterry-jones-death-monty-python-age-cause-a9296546.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrock_Helander2001" class="citation book cs1">Brock Helander (January 1, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4mbHDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT360"><i>The Rockin' 60s: The People Who Made the Music</i></a>. Schirmer Trade Books. p. 360. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85712-811-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85712-811-9"><bdi>978-0-85712-811-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rockin%27+60s%3A+The+People+Who+Made+the+Music&rft.pages=360&rft.pub=Schirmer+Trade+Books&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-85712-811-9&rft.au=Brock+Helander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4mbHDgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT360&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeith_HatschekVeronica_A._Wells2018" class="citation book cs1">Keith Hatschek; Veronica A. Wells (September 15, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zKVoDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA168"><i>Historical Dictionary of the American Music Industry</i></a>. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 168. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5381-1144-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5381-1144-4"><bdi>978-1-5381-1144-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+the+American+Music+Industry&rft.pages=168&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2018-09-15&rft.isbn=978-1-5381-1144-4&rft.au=Keith+Hatschek&rft.au=Veronica+A.+Wells&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzKVoDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA168&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-29213271">"Obituary: Christine Keeler"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 5 December 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612043214/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-29213271">Archived</a> from the original on 12 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Obituary%3A+Christine+Keeler&rft.date=2017-12-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-29213271&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJay_Parini2004" class="citation book cs1">Jay Parini (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nMhMAgAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PA267"><i>The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Literature</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 267. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-515653-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-515653-9"><bdi>978-0-19-515653-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Encyclopedia+of+American+Literature&rft.pages=267&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-19-515653-9&rft.au=Jay+Parini&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnMhMAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DRA1-PA267&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.memoryofnations.eu/en/schiffauer-edvard-1942">"Edvard Schiffauer (1942)"</a>. <i>www.memoryofnations.eu</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210613121155/https://www.memoryofnations.eu/en/schiffauer-edvard-1942">Archived</a> from the original on June 13, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 19,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.memoryofnations.eu&rft.atitle=Edvard+Schiffauer+%281942%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.memoryofnations.eu%2Fen%2Fschiffauer-edvard-1942&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bdpgabon.org/articles/categories/afrique/EEEEFFpllVCMBupXnN.shtml">"Bongo Doit Partir - BDP Gabon Nouveau: Actualités: Afrique: Bio-Portrait: Casimir Oyé Mba, le profil de l'emploi"</a>. April 22, 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070422175103/http://www.bdpgabon.org/articles/categories/afrique/EEEEFFpllVCMBupXnN.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on April 22, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 22,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bongo+Doit+Partir+-+BDP+Gabon+Nouveau%3A+Actualit%C3%A9s%3A+Afrique%3A+Bio-Portrait%3A+Casimir+Oy%C3%A9+Mba%2C+le+profil+de+l%27emploi&rft.date=2007-04-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bdpgabon.org%2Farticles%2Fcategories%2Fafrique%2FEEEEFFpllVCMBupXnN.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsoy.fi/uutiset/arto-paasilinna-20-4-1942-15-10-2018">"Arto Paasilinna 20.4.1942–15.10.2018"</a> (in Finnish). WSOY. February 9, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arto+Paasilinna+20.4.1942%E2%80%9315.10.2018&rft.pub=WSOY&rft.date=2024-02-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsoy.fi%2Fuutiset%2Farto-paasilinna-20-4-1942-15-10-2018&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVineta_ColbyH._W._Wilson1995" class="citation book cs1">Vineta Colby; H. W. Wilson (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=s2kYAAAAIAAJ"><i>World Authors, 1985-1990</i></a>. H.W. Wilson. p. 220. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8242-0875-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8242-0875-2"><bdi>978-0-8242-0875-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Authors%2C+1985-1990&rft.pages=220&rft.pub=H.W.+Wilson&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-8242-0875-2&rft.au=Vineta+Colby&rft.au=H.+W.+Wilson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ds2kYAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://music.apple.com/ie/artist/andy-irvine/4211395">"Andy Irvine on Apple Music"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Andy+Irvine+on+Apple+Music&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmusic.apple.com%2Fie%2Fartist%2Fandy-irvine%2F4211395&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArchives" class="citation web cs1">Archives, Cycling. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cyclingarchives.com/coureurfiche.php?coureurid=8084">"Flaviano Vicentini"</a>. <i>www.cyclingarchives.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220409192053/http://www.cyclingarchives.com/coureurfiche.php?coureurid=8084">Archived</a> from the original on April 9, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 9,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cyclingarchives.com&rft.atitle=Flaviano+Vicentini&rft.aulast=Archives&rft.aufirst=Cycling&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cyclingarchives.com%2Fcoureurfiche.php%3Fcoureurid%3D8084&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.buscabiografias.com/biografia/verDetalle/3690/Vicente%20Fox%20Quesada">"Vicente Fox Quesada"</a> (in Spanish). Busca Biografias. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221027171828/https://www.buscabiografias.com/biografia/verDetalle/3690/Vicente%20Fox%20Quesada">Archived</a> from the original on October 27, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 30,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vicente+Fox+Quesada&rft.pub=Busca+Biografias&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.buscabiografias.com%2Fbiografia%2FverDetalle%2F3690%2FVicente%2520Fox%2520Quesada&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTim_McNeese2006" class="citation book cs1">Tim McNeese (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IPLmxchjuMMC&pg=PA100"><i>Isabel Allende</i></a>. Infobase Publishing. p. 100. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-0680-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-0680-9"><bdi>978-1-4381-0680-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Isabel+Allende&rft.pages=100&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-4381-0680-9&rft.au=Tim+McNeese&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIPLmxchjuMMC%26pg%3DPA100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJudith_Yaross_Lee1991" class="citation book cs1">Judith Yaross Lee (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=23y1pltuxkkC&pg=PA3"><i>Garrison Keillor</i></a>. Univ. Press of Mississippi. p. 3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61703-399-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61703-399-5"><bdi>978-1-61703-399-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Garrison+Keillor&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Univ.+Press+of+Mississippi&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-1-61703-399-5&rft.au=Judith+Yaross+Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D23y1pltuxkkC%26pg%3DPA3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Senegal-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Senegal_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/chads-former-president-habre-convicted-war-crimes-dies-senegal-2021-08-24/">"Chad's former President Habre, convicted of war crimes, dies in Senegal"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. August 24, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230406223637/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/chads-former-president-habre-convicted-war-crimes-dies-senegal-2021-08-24/">Archived</a> from the original on April 6, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 24,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Chad%27s+former+President+Habre%2C+convicted+of+war+crimes%2C+dies+in+Senegal&rft.date=2021-08-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fafrica%2Fchads-former-president-habre-convicted-war-crimes-dies-senegal-2021-08-24%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wien.gv.at/advuew/internet/AdvPrSrv.asp?Layout=llanzeige&Type=K&PERSONCD=2005110814111622">"Heidemarie Cammerlander"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Vienna" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Vienna">Government of Vienna</a></i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230810064310/https://www.wien.gv.at/advuew/internet/AdvPrSrv.asp?Layout=llanzeige&Type=K&PERSONCD=2005110814111622">Archived</a> from the original on August 10, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 12,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Government+of+Vienna&rft.atitle=Heidemarie+Cammerlander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wien.gv.at%2Fadvuew%2Finternet%2FAdvPrSrv.asp%3FLayout%3Dllanzeige%26Type%3DK%26PERSONCD%3D2005110814111622&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsoy.fi/uutiset/arto-paasilinna-20-4-1942-15-10-2018">"Arto Paasilinna 20.4.1942–15.10.2018"</a> (in Finnish). WSOY. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181016165851/https://www.wsoy.fi/uutiset/arto-paasilinna-20-4-1942-15-10-2018">Archived</a> from the original on October 16, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arto+Paasilinna+20.4.1942%E2%80%9315.10.2018&rft.pub=WSOY&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsoy.fi%2Fuutiset%2Farto-paasilinna-20-4-1942-15-10-2018&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul_T._Hellmann2006" class="citation book cs1">Paul T. Hellmann (February 14, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=REtEXQNWq6MC&pg=PA278"><i>Historical Gazetteer of the United States</i></a>. Routledge. p. 278. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-135-94859-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-135-94859-3"><bdi>1-135-94859-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Gazetteer+of+the+United+States&rft.pages=278&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2006-02-14&rft.isbn=1-135-94859-3&rft.au=Paul+T.+Hellmann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DREtEXQNWq6MC%26pg%3DPA278&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2022/press-release/">"The Nobel Prize in Physics 2022"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a></i> (Press release). <a href="/wiki/The_Royal_Swedish_Academy_of_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences">The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences</a>. October 4, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221004095754/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2022/press-release/">Archived</a> from the original on October 4, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 6,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Nobel+Prize+in+Physics+2022&rft.pub=The+Royal+Swedish+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.date=2022-10-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fprizes%2Fphysics%2F2022%2Fpress-release%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalter_Sickert2003" class="citation book cs1">Walter Sickert (January 9, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XFOvTvg3j84C&pg=PR39"><i>Walter Sickert: The Complete Writings on Art</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 39. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-926169-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-926169-7"><bdi>978-0-19-926169-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Walter+Sickert%3A+The+Complete+Writings+on+Art&rft.pages=39&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2003-01-09&rft.isbn=978-0-19-926169-7&rft.au=Walter+Sickert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXFOvTvg3j84C%26pg%3DPR39&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGerry_Souter2015" class="citation book cs1">Gerry Souter (September 15, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XXOlCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT286"><i>American Realism</i></a>. Parkstone International. p. 286. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78310-767-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78310-767-4"><bdi>978-1-78310-767-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207093632/https://books.google.com/books?id=XXOlCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT286#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Realism&rft.pages=286&rft.pub=Parkstone+International&rft.date=2015-09-15&rft.isbn=978-1-78310-767-4&rft.au=Gerry+Souter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXXOlCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT286&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spartacus-educational.com/GERdrexler.htm">"Anton Drexler"</a>. <i>Spartacus Educational</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221114120339/https://spartacus-educational.com/GERdrexler.htm">Archived</a> from the original on November 14, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 14,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Spartacus+Educational&rft.atitle=Anton+Drexler&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspartacus-educational.com%2FGERdrexler.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n81018346.html">"Montgomery, L. M. (Lucy Maud), 1874-1942"</a>. <i>id.loc.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210316153305/https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n81018346.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 16, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 16,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=id.loc.gov&rft.atitle=Montgomery%2C+L.+M.+%28Lucy+Maud%29%2C+1874-1942&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fid.loc.gov%2Fauthorities%2Fnames%2Fn81018346.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLazkani·Photos·2020" class="citation web cs1">Lazkani·Photos·, Souad (June 21, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.the961.com/ain-trez-history-in-photos/">"The History Of Ain Trez, Lebanon In 15+ Photos"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210831155319/https://www.the961.com/ain-trez-history-in-photos/">Archived</a> from the original on August 31, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 31,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+History+Of+Ain+Trez%2C+Lebanon+In+15%2B+Photos&rft.date=2020-06-21&rft.aulast=Lazkani%C2%B7Photos%C2%B7&rft.aufirst=Souad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.the961.com%2Fain-trez-history-in-photos%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/wtc/jackson.html">"William Henry Jackson (1843-1942), Career Chronology"</a>. The Library of Congress. 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210523130258/https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/wtc/jackson.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 23, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 29,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=William+Henry+Jackson+%281843-1942%29%2C+Career+Chronology&rft.pub=The+Library+of+Congress&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fpictures%2Fcollection%2Fwtc%2Fjackson.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">US Social Security Death Index</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVierhaus2011" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Vierhaus, Rudolf (May 3, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fGXU6_Wqg60C&pg=PA206"><i>Poethen - Schlüter</i></a> (in German). Walter de Gruyter. p. 206. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-094025-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-094025-1"><bdi>978-3-11-094025-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207093530/https://books.google.com/books?id=fGXU6_Wqg60C&pg=PA206#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 17,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Poethen+-+Schl%C3%BCter&rft.pages=206&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2011-05-03&rft.isbn=978-3-11-094025-1&rft.aulast=Vierhaus&rft.aufirst=Rudolf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfGXU6_Wqg60C%26pg%3DPA206&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"The Lives of Two Writers - Yusif Vazir Chamanzaminli and Lev Nussimbaum". <i>Azerbaijan International</i>. <b>15</b> (2–4): 39. 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Azerbaijan+International&rft.atitle=The+Lives+of+Two+Writers+-+Yusif+Vazir+Chamanzaminli+and+Lev+Nussimbaum&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2%E2%80%934&rft.pages=39&rft.date=2011&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlice_A._Carter2005" class="citation book cs1">Alice A. Carter (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=axHrAAAAMAAJ"><i>Cecilia Beaux: A Modern Painter in the Gilded Age</i></a>. Random House Incorporated. p. 191. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8478-2708-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8478-2708-4"><bdi>978-0-8478-2708-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207093525/https://books.google.com/books?id=axHrAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cecilia+Beaux%3A+A+Modern+Painter+in+the+Gilded+Age&rft.pages=191&rft.pub=Random+House+Incorporated&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-8478-2708-4&rft.au=Alice+A.+Carter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaxHrAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSouthern_Metropolis_Daily,_2009" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240105062211/https://www.gzlib.org.cn/gzlp/151908.jhtml">"黄少强(1901-1942) 谱家国哀愁写民间疾苦"</a> [Huang Shaoqiang (1901-1942) Wrote About the Sorrow of the Country and the Suffering of the People]. <i>Southern Metropolis Daily</i> (in Chinese). March 23, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gzlib.org.cn/gzlp/151908.jhtml">the original</a> on January 5, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 5,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southern+Metropolis+Daily&rft.atitle=%E9%BB%84%E5%B0%91%E5%BC%BA%281901-1942%29+%E8%B0%B1%E5%AE%B6%E5%9B%BD%E5%93%80%E6%84%81+%E5%86%99%E6%B0%91%E9%97%B4%E7%96%BE%E8%8B%A6&rft.date=2009-03-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gzlib.org.cn%2Fgzlp%2F151908.jhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span> (via Guangzhou Library)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-castrén-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-castrén_94-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Castrén, Klaus: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genealogia.fi/genos-old/70/70_38.htm">Majewski-suku Suomessa</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210624202929/https://www.genealogia.fi/genos-old/70/70_38.htm">Archived</a> June 24, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, GENOS - journal of the Finnish genealogy society, issue #70/1999. Accessed on 24 June 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zhejiang.chinadaily.com.cn/jiaxing/2019-10/25/c_420028.htm">"Li Shutong"</a>. <i>zhejiang.chinadaily.com.cn</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221007115301/http://zhejiang.chinadaily.com.cn/jiaxing/2019-10/25/c_420028.htm">Archived</a> from the original on October 7, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 29,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=zhejiang.chinadaily.com.cn&rft.atitle=Li+Shutong&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fzhejiang.chinadaily.com.cn%2Fjiaxing%2F2019-10%2F25%2Fc_420028.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sahistory.org.za/people/james-barry-munnik-hertzog">"James Barry Munnik Hertzog | South African History Online"</a>. <i>www.sahistory.org.za</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230512190247/https://www.sahistory.org.za/people/james-barry-munnik-hertzog">Archived</a> from the original on May 12, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 1,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sahistory.org.za&rft.atitle=James+Barry+Munnik+Hertzog+%26%23124%3B+South+African+History+Online&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sahistory.org.za%2Fpeople%2Fjames-barry-munnik-hertzog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichard_D._Schupbach1991" class="citation book cs1">Richard D. Schupbach (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4NkoAQAAIAAJ"><i>Stanford Slavic Studies</i></a>. Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures, Stanford University. p. 406. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780926953062" title="Special:BookSources/9780926953062"><bdi>9780926953062</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207093535/https://books.google.com/books?id=4NkoAQAAIAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stanford+Slavic+Studies&rft.pages=406&rft.pub=Department+of+Slavic+Languages+and+Literatures%2C+Stanford+University&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=9780926953062&rft.au=Richard+D.+Schupbach&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4NkoAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1942" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1946" title="1946">1946</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1946" title="January 1946">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1946" title="February 1946">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1946" title="March 1946">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1946" title="April 1946">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1946" title="May 1946">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1946" title="June 1946">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1946" title="July 1946">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1946" title="August 1946">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1946" title="September 1946">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1946" title="October 1946">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1946" title="November 1946">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1946" title="December 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href="/wiki/December_1945" title="December 1945">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1944" title="1944">1944</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1944" title="January 1944">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1944" title="February 1944">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1944" title="March 1944">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1944" title="April 1944">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1944" title="May 1944">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1944" title="June 1944">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1944" title="July 1944">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1944" title="August 1944">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1944" title="September 1944">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1944" title="October 1944">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1944" title="November 1944">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1944" title="December 1944">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1943" title="1943">1943</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1943" title="January 1943">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1943" title="February 1943">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1943" title="March 1943">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1943" title="April 1943">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1943" title="May 1943">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1943" title="June 1943">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1943" title="July 1943">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1943" title="August 1943">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1943" title="September 1943">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1943" title="October 1943">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1943" title="November 1943">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1943" title="December 1943">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1942</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1942" title="January 1942">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1942" title="February 1942">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1942" title="March 1942">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1942" title="April 1942">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1942" title="May 1942">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1942" title="June 1942">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1942" title="July 1942">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1942" title="August 1942">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1942" title="September 1942">Sep</a></li> <li><a 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