CINXE.COM
Larousse.fr : encyclopédie et dictionnaires gratuits en ligne
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="fr" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WebPage"> <!-- infos siteWeb: Larousse[.fr/.com] --> <!-- hostName: [https://www.larousse.fr], machineName: [HLAZPLARWFO03], dateTime: [28/11/2024 12:04:13] --> <script> // Problème compatiblitiy [<head></head>] & [Modify by C#] // test Prisma (TypePage: home) dataLayer = [{'lang':"fr", 'page_type':"home", 'page_category':"home", 'page_subcategory':""}, { advertisement: { env: 'production', brand: { name: 'Larousse', abbr: 'lar', domain: 'larousse.fr', subDomain: 'www', isPrisma: false }, page: { path: '/', contentObjectId: '', pageType: "HP", pageCategory: "_homepage", pageSubCategory: "accueil", title: "", author: "", keywords: "" } } }]; </script> <head id="Head1" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns# fb: http://ogp.me/ns/fb# article: http://ogp.me/ns/article#"><meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="author" content="Éditions Larousse" /><meta name="tdm-reservation" content="1" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" http-equiv="Content-Type" /><title> Larousse.fr : encyclopédie et dictionnaires gratuits en ligne </title> <!-- JQuery core JavaScript --> <!-- ###################### --> <!-- !!! import jquery in TOP Header !!! (JS default for all Library & *.aspx) --> <!-- <script type="text/javascript" src="/library-web/jquery/jquery-1.9.1.min.js"></script> --> <!-- src="/library-web/jquery/jquery-1.9.1.js" --> <!-- CDN=[code.jquery.com]:jquery-3.6.0.min.js (!!! < jquery-3.0.0 = conflict slick >>> jquery-migrate !!!)--> <script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.6.0.min.js" integrity="sha256-/xUj+3OJU5yExlq6GSYGSHk7tPXikynS7ogEvDej/m4=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-migrate-3.3.2.min.js" integrity="sha256-Ap4KLoCf1rXb52q+i3p0k2vjBsmownyBTE1EqlRiMwA=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <!-- intégration[v.PROD/v.RECE]: régisPub + CNIL(v.OneTrust) --> <!-- ####################################################### --> <!-- JS-link larousse-CNIL pour gestion GTM (régisPub, GA, réseauxSociaux, ...) --> <!-- -------------------------------------------------------------------------- --> <script src="/library-web/larcom/cnil/htmlParser.js"></script> <script src="/library-web/larcom/cnil/postscribe.js"></script> <!-- Démarrage de notification de consentement aux cookies de OneTrust --> <!-- ----------------------------------------------------------------- --> <!-- Début de la mention OneTrust de consentement aux cookies du domaine : larousse.fr --> <!-- call OneTrust [!!! v.PROD !!!] => (data-domain-script="9225742f-0606-4a4c-b016-9e27bd32a7a1) --> <script src="https://cdn.cookielaw.org/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js" type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8" data-domain-script="9225742f-0606-4a4c-b016-9e27bd32a7a1"></script> <!-- call OneTrust [!!! v.RECE/DEV !!!] => (data-domain-script="9225742f-0606-4a4c-b016-9e27bd32a7a1-test") --> <!-- <script src="https://cdn.cookielaw.org/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js" type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8" data-domain-script="9225742f-0606-4a4c-b016-9e27bd32a7a1-test"></script> --> <!-- OneTrust OptanonWrapper() --> <script type="text/javascript"> function OptanonWrapper() { if(!getCookieOT("OptanonAlertBoxClosed")){ var newButton = document.createElement("button") // Create a button newButton.setAttribute("id", "onetrust-reject-all-handler") // Name the button + pick up style as per template newButton.onclick = function(one){ OneTrust.RejectAll(); } newButton.innerText = Optanon.GetDomainData().BannerRejectAllButtonText;// Add text to button document.getElementById("onetrust-policy").prepend(newButton) // Place button } } function getCookieOT(name) { var value = "; " + document.cookie; var parts = value.split("; " + name + "="); if (parts.length >= 2) return parts.pop().split(";").shift(); } </script> <!-- Fin de la mention OneTrust de consentement aux cookies du domaine : larousse.fr --> <!-- ### dataLayer [GTM] stats Hachette #### --> <!-- ####################################### --> <script> <!-- call GTM [v.PROD = GTM-TB2J4SG] / [v.RECE = GTM-W4VMQ8H] / [v.COM = GTM-WBCT33T] --> (function(w,d,s,l,i){ w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'}); var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:''; j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl; f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window, document, 'script', 'dataLayer', 'GTM-TB2J4SG'); </script> <!-- End Google Tag Manager --> <!-- Appel JavaScript-Vidéo [régisPub: VIOUSLY] --> <script async id="xieg6Sie" src="https://cdn.viously.com/js/sdk/boot.js"></script> <!-- CSS (bootstrap) --> <!-- <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/library-web/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.min.css" /> --> <!-- href="/library-web/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.css" --> <!-- CDN=[cdn.jsdelivr.net]: bootstrap@4.6.0 [CSS] --> <!-- <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@4.6.0/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-B0vP5xmATw1+K9KRQjQERJvTumQW0nPEzvF6L/Z6nronJ3oUOFUFpCjEUQouq2+l" crossorigin="anonymous" /> --> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-HSMxcRTRxnN+Bdg0JdbxYKrThecOKuH5zCYotlSAcp1+c8xmyTe9GYg1l9a69psu" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <!-- CSS (mdb) (!pb:navbar menuBurger & dropdown!)--> <!-- <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/library-web/mdb/css/mdb.min.css" />--> <!-- href="/library-web/mdb/css/mdb.css" --> <!-- CSS (slick) --> <!-- <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/library-web/slick/slick.css"" /> --> <!-- href="./../assets/library/slick/slick.css" --> <!-- <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/library-web/slick/slick-theme.css" /> --> <!-- href="./../assets/library/slick/slick-theme.css" --> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/library-web/slick/slick.min.css" /> <!-- slick.min.css = [slick]+[slick-theme] (minifier) --> <!-- CSS (font-awesome/fontello)--> <!--<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/library-web/larcom/masterpage/css/font-awesome.min.css" />--> <!-- unused font awesome --> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/library-web/larcom/masterpage/css/font-collect.css" /> <!-- CSS (larousse-masterpage)--> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/library-web/larcom/masterpage/css/masterpage.css" /> <!-- pb: header, wrapper, footer, lar-grid-, etc...--> <!-- conflit CSS --> <style> /*conflit CSS (bootstrap - MDB)*/ .navbar{ box-shadow:none; } /* SLICK */ .slick-slide { outline: none !important; } </style> <!-- CSS (larousse-accueil)--> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/portail/assets/css/accueil.202409111101.css" /> <!-- href="./../assets/css/accueil.css" --> <meta property="og:title" content="Larousse.fr : encyclopédie et dictionnaires gratuits en ligne" /> <meta itemprop="name" content="Larousse.fr : encyclopédie et dictionnaires gratuits en ligne" /> <meta name="description" content="Des dictionnaires et une encyclopédie gratuite." /> <meta property="og:description" content="Des dictionnaires et une encyclopédie gratuite." /> <meta itemprop="description" content="Des dictionnaires et une encyclopédie gratuite." /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.larousse.fr/" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.larousse.fr/" /> <meta itemprop="url" content="https://www.larousse.fr/" /> <meta name="robots" content="index,follow" /> </head> <body> <!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <!-- call GTM [v.PROD = GTM-TB2J4SG] / [v.RECE = GTM-W4VMQ8H] / [v.COM = GTM-WBCT33T]--> <noscript> <iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-TB2J4SG" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe> </noscript> <!-- End Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <div class="page"> <!-- ####### HEADER ####### --> <div class="header"> <!-- NAVBAR: TOP LAROUSSE (Login, Social, Culture) --> <!---------------------------------------------------> <div class="navbar navbar-inverse navbar-default lar-navbar-top visible-lg"> <!-- navbar-fixed-top <<<>>> navbar-default --> <div class="container"> <div id="navtop" class="navbar-collapse collapse"> <ul class="lar-culture nav navbar-nav navbar-right"> <li class="culture-en"> <a onclick="changeCulture('en')">EN</a> <!-- https://www.larousse.com/en/ --> <img src="/dictionnaires/assets/img/flag-en.png" alt="image" draggable="false"/> </li> <li class="culture-es"> <a onclick="changeCulture('es')">ES</a> <!-- https://www.larousse.com/es/ --> <img src="/dictionnaires/assets/img/flag-es.png" alt="image" draggable="false"/> </li> <li class="culture-de"> <a onclick="changeCulture('de')">DE</a> <!-- https://www.larousse.com/de/ --> <img src="/dictionnaires/assets/img/flag-de.png" alt="image" draggable="false"/> </li> <li class="culture-it"> <a onclick="changeCulture('it')">IT</a> <!-- https://www.larousse.com/it/ --> <img src="/dictionnaires/assets/img/flag-it.png" alt="image" draggable="false"/> </li> </ul> <ul class="lar-social nav navbar-nav navbar-right"> <li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/larousse.fr" target="_blank"></a></li> <li><a href="https://twitter.com/larousse_fr" target="_blank"></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.instagram.com/editionslarousse/" target="_blank"></a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.linkedin.com/company/larousse" target="_blank"></a></li> </ul> <ul class="lar-login nav navbar-nav navbar-right"> <li><div id="auth-widget-topbar"></div></li> <!-- POOOL connexion (subscription) --> <li><a href="https://www.editions-larousse.fr/newsletter">Newsletter</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <!-- NAVBAR: SEARCH (Labelle, saisie Recherche --> <!-----------------------------------------------> <div class="lar-searchbar visible-lg"> <a class="bt-home" href="/">LAROUSSE</a> <div class="zone-search"> <input type="search" class="lar-searchtxt" onkeydown="inputKeydownHeader(false,'\\dictionnaires\\francais\\')" placeholder="Rechercher dans le dictionnaire..."/> <button class="lar-searchbt" onclick="onSearchHeader(false,'\\dictionnaires\\francais\\');"></button> </div> </div> <!-- NAVBAR: MENU (nav module: encyclo, dicos, cuisine, etc...) --> <!----------------------------------------------------------------> <div class="navbar navbar-default lar-navbar-menu"> <div class="container"> <div class="navbar-header"> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navmenu"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button> <div class="lar-searchbar search-toggle hidden-lg"> <div><a class="bt-home" href="/">LAROUSSE</a></div> <span><button class="lar-switchbt lar-openbt" onclick="openSearch()"></button></span> <span><button class="lar-switchbt lar-closebt" onclick="closeSearch()"></button></span> <div class="switch-search"> <input type="search" class="lar-searchtxt" onkeydown="inputKeydownHeader(true,'\\dictionnaires\\francais\\')" placeholder="Rechercher dans le dictionnaire..."/> <button class="lar-searchbt" onclick="onSearchHeader(true,'\\dictionnaires\\francais\\');"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div id="navmenu" class="navbar-collapse collapse"> <ul class="lar-menu nav navbar-nav navbar-left"> <li id="olf"><a href="/dictionnaires/francais"><span class="icon-menu dropdown-submenu hidden-lg"></span>LANGUE FRANÇAISE</a></li> <li id="bil"><a href="/dictionnaires/bilingues"><span class="icon-menu hidden-lg"></span>DICTIONNAIRES BILINGUES</a></li> <li id="traductor"><a href="/traducteur"><span class="icon-menu hidden-lg"></span>TRADUCTEUR</a></li> <li id="conj"><a href="/conjugaison"><span class="icon-menu hidden-lg"></span>CONJUGATEUR</a></li> <li id="encyclo"><a href="/encyclopedie"><span class="icon-menu hidden-lg"></span>ENCYCLOPÉDIE</a></li> <li id="cook"><a href="https://cuisine.larousse.fr"><span class="icon-menu hidden-lg"></span>CUISINE</a></li> <li id="forum"><a href="/forums"><span class="icon-menu hidden-lg"></span>FORUM</a></li> <li id="jeux"><a href="https://jeux.larousse.fr"><span class="icon-menu hidden-lg"></span>JEUX</a></li> <li id="books"><a href="https://www.editions-larousse.fr"><span class="icon-menu hidden-lg"></span>LIVRES</a></li> </ul> <ul class="lar-login hidden-lg"> <li><div id="auth-widget-menuburger"></div></li> <!-- POOOL connexion (subscription) --> <li><a href="https://www.editions-larousse.fr/newsletter">Newsletter</a></li> </ul> <ul class="lar-social hidden-lg"> <li style="width:100%"> <span>Suivez nous:</span> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/larousse.fr"></a> <a href="https://twitter.com/larousse_fr"></a> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/editionslarousse/"></a> <a href="https://fr.linkedin.com/company/larousse"></a> </li> </ul> <ul class="lar-culture hidden-lg"> <li style="width:100%"> <a href="https://www.larousse.com/en/" asp-action="culture_en">EN</a> <a href="https://www.larousse.com/es/" asp-action="culture_es">ES</a> <a href="https://www.larousse.com/de/" asp-action="culture_de">DE</a> <a href="https://www.larousse.com/it/" asp-action="culture_it">IT</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- BANIERE(730 x 90) PUB TOP --> <div class="pub-top oast"> </div> <!--FIL ARIANE --> <div class="breadcrumb"> <div></div> </div> <!-- ####### HEADER ####### --> <!-- ### Zone POOOL WIDGET ### --> <div id="poool-widget"> <!-- votre paywall sera affiché ici --> </div> <!-- ##################### --> <!-- ## WRAPPER-CONTENT ## --> <!-- ##################### --> <div class="wrapper"> <!-- PANEL NAVIGATION MODULE LAROUSSE --> <div class="panel-navmodule row "> <div class="col-lg-3 col-sm-6"> <div class="home-box"> <div class="banner-title"> <hr class="line-left" /> <span class="fontello"></span> <hr class="line-right" /> <a class="homebox-title" href="/dictionnaires/francais" >DICTIONNAIRE DE FRANÇAIS</a> <div class="freespace visible-sm visible-md visible-lg visible-xl"></div> </div> <div class="hb-dicofr-selector"> <a href="/dictionnaires/francais-monolingue"> <div class="hb-dicofr-bloc hb-color1 waves-light"> <div class="hb-dicofr-icon"></div> <div class="hb-dicofr-name"><p>Définitions</br>et expressions</p></div> <div class="hb-dicofr-go"></div> </div> </a> <a href="/conjugaison"> <div class="hb-dicofr-bloc hb-color2 waves-light"> <div class="hb-dicofr-icon"></div> <div class="hb-dicofr-name" style="margin-top: 40px;"><p>Conjugateur</p></div> <div class="hb-dicofr-go"></div> </div> </a> <a href="/dictionnaires/synonymes"> <div class="hb-dicofr-bloc hb-color4 waves-light"> <div class="hb-dicofr-icon"></div> <div class="hb-dicofr-name" style="margin-top: 40px;"><p>Synonymes</p></div> <div class="hb-dicofr-go"></div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="btlink dicofr-btlink btn waves-light"> <a href="https://cours-francais.larousse.fr"> <p>PRENDRE DES COURS<br/>DE FRANÇAIS</p><span class="go-cours"></span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-lg-3 col-sm-6"> <div class="home-box"> <div class="banner-title"> <hr class="line-left" /> <span class="fontello"></span> <hr class="line-right" /> <a class="homebox-title" href="/dictionnaires/bilingues">DICTIONNAIRES BILINGUES</a> </div> <div class="hb-dicobil-reflang-selector"> <div id="bt-ref-fr" class="hb-dicobil-reflang-item reflang-selected">FR</div> <div id="bt-ref-en" class="hb-dicobil-reflang-item">EN</div> <div id="bt-ref-es" class="hb-dicobil-reflang-item">ES</div> <div id="bt-ref-de" class="hb-dicobil-reflang-item">ALL</div> <div id="bt-ref-it" class="hb-dicobil-reflang-item">IT</div> </div> <div class="hb-dicobil-zone-selector"> <div class="hb-dicobil-lang-selector fr-selector selector-show"> <div class="hb-dicobil-lang-info"> <div><img src="/dictionnaires/assets/img/flag-fr.png" /></div> <p>Français</p> </div> <div class="vl"></div> <div class=""> <div class="hb-dicobil-lang-item l-lang"> <a href="/dictionnaires/francais-anglais"> <div class="waves-light"><img src="/dictionnaires/assets/img/flag-en.png" /></div> <p>Anglais</p> </a> </div> <div class="hb-dicobil-lang-item r-lang"> <a href="/dictionnaires/francais-italien"> <div><img src="/dictionnaires/assets/img/flag-it.png" /></div> <p>Italien</p> </a> </div> </div> <div class=""> <div class="hb-dicobil-lang-item l-lang"> <a href="/dictionnaires/francais-allemand"> <div class="waves-light"><img src="/dictionnaires/assets/img/flag-de.png" /></div> <p>Allemand</p> </a> </div> <div class="hb-dicobil-lang-item r-lang"> <a href="/dictionnaires/francais-espagnol"> <div class="waves-light"><img src="/dictionnaires/assets/img/flag-es.png" /></div> <p>Espagnol</p> </a> </div> </div> <div class=""> <div class="hb-dicobil-lang-item l-lang"> <a href="/dictionnaires/francais-chinois"> <div class="waves-light"><img src="/dictionnaires/assets/img/flag-cn.png" /></div> <p>Chinois</p> </a> </div> <div class="hb-dicobil-lang-item r-lang"> <a href="/dictionnaires/francais-arabe"> <div class="waves-light"><img src="/dictionnaires/assets/img/flag-ar.png" /></div> <p>Arabe</p> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="hb-dicobil-lang-selector en-selector rotateBack"> <div class="hb-dicobil-lang-info"> <div><img src="/dictionnaires/assets/img/flag-en.png" /></div> <p>Anglais</p> </div> <div class="vl"></div> <div class=""> <div class="hb-dicobil-lang-item l-lang"> <a href="/dictionnaires/anglais-francais"> <div class="waves-light"><img src="/dictionnaires/assets/img/flag-fr.png" /></div> <p>Français</p> </a> </div> <div class="hb-dicobil-lang-item r-lang"> <a href="/dictionnaires/anglais-espagnol"> <div class="waves-light"><img src="/dictionnaires/assets/img/flag-es.png" /></div> <p>Espagnol</p> </a> </div> </div> <div class=""> <div class="hb-dicobil-lang-item l-lang"> <a href="/dictionnaires/anglais-allemand"> <div class="waves-light"><img src="/dictionnaires/assets/img/flag-de.png" /></div> <p>Allemand</p> </a> </div> <div class="hb-dicobil-lang-item r-lang"> <a href="/dictionnaires/anglais-italien"> <div class="waves-light"><img src="/dictionnaires/assets/img/flag-it.png" /></div> <p>Italien</p> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="hb-dicobil-lang-selector es-selector rotateBack"> <div class="hb-dicobil-lang-info"> <div><img src="/dictionnaires/assets/img/flag-es.png" /></div> <p>Espagnol</p> </div> <div class="vl"></div> <div class=""> <div class="hb-dicobil-lang-item l-lang"> <a href="/dictionnaires/espagnol-francais"> <div class="waves-light"><img src="/dictionnaires/assets/img/flag-fr.png" /></div> <p>Français</p> </a> </div> <div class="hb-dicobil-lang-item r-lang"> <a href="/dictionnaires/espagnol-anglais"> <div class="waves-light"><img src="/dictionnaires/assets/img/flag-en.png" /></div> <p>Anglais</p> </a> </div> </div> <div class=""> <div class="hb-dicobil-lang-item l-lang"> <a href="/dictionnaires/espagnol-allemand"> <div class="waves-light"><img src="/dictionnaires/assets/img/flag-de.png" /></div> <p>Allemand</p> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="hb-dicobil-lang-selector de-selector rotateBack"> <div class="hb-dicobil-lang-info"> <div><img src="/dictionnaires/assets/img/flag-de.png" /></div> <p>Allemand</p> </div> <div class="vl"></div> <div class=""> <div class="hb-dicobil-lang-item l-lang"> <a href="/dictionnaires/allemand-francais"> <div class="waves-light"><img src="/dictionnaires/assets/img/flag-fr.png" /></div> <p>Français</p> </a> </div> <div class="hb-dicobil-lang-item r-lang"> <a href="/dictionnaires/allemand-anglais"> <div class="waves-light"><img src="/dictionnaires/assets/img/flag-en.png" /></div> <p>Anglais</p> </a> </div> </div> <div class=""> <div class="hb-dicobil-lang-item l-lang"> <a href="/dictionnaires/allemand-espagnol"> <div class="waves-light"><img src="/dictionnaires/assets/img/flag-es.png" /></div> <p>Espagnol</p> </a> </div> <div class="hb-dicobil-lang-item r-lang"> <a href="/dictionnaires/allemand-italien"> <div class="waves-light"><img src="/dictionnaires/assets/img/flag-it.png" /></div> <p>Italien</p> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="hb-dicobil-lang-selector it-selector rotateBack"> <div class="hb-dicobil-lang-info"> <div><img src="/dictionnaires/assets/img/flag-it.png" /></div> <p>Italien</p> </div> <div class="vl"></div> <div class=""> <div class="hb-dicobil-lang-item l-lang"> <a href="/dictionnaires/italien-francais"> <div class="waves-light"><img src="/dictionnaires/assets/img/flag-fr.png" /></div> <p>Français</p> </a> </div> <div class="hb-dicobil-lang-item r-lang"> <a href="/dictionnaires/italien-anglais"> <div class="waves-light"><img src="/dictionnaires/assets/img/flag-en.png" /></div> <p>Anglais</p> </a> </div> </div> <div class=""> <div class="hb-dicobil-lang-item l-lang"> <a href="/dictionnaires/italien-allemand"> <div class="waves-light"><img src="/dictionnaires/assets/img/flag-de.png" /></div> <p>Allemand</p> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="btlink dicobil-btlink btn waves-light"> <!--<a href="http://cours-anglais.larousse.fr/"><img src="./../assets/img/bt-cours-en.png" /></a>--> <a href="https://cours-anglais.larousse.fr/"> <p>PRENDRE DES COURS<br/>D'ANGLAIS</p><span class="go-cours"></span> </a> </div> </div></div> <div class="col-lg-3 col-sm-6"> <div class="home-box"> <div class="banner-title"> <hr class="line-left" /> <span class="fontello"></span> <hr class="line-right" /> <a class="homebox-title" href="/encyclopedie" >ENCYCLOPÉDIE</a> <div class="freespace visible-lg visible-xl"></div> </div> <div class="hb-encyclo-discovery card homebox"> <a href="/encyclopedie/personnage/Franz_Kafka/126398"> <div class="hb-encyclo-visuel img-responsive waves-light"><img src="/slideshow/87.jpg"></div> <div class="hb-encyclo-def"><h4>Franz Kafka</h4><p class="slideshow-subtitle">(1883-1924)</p><p>À l’occasion des 100 ans de la mort de l’écrivain tchèque, retrouvez notre dossier complet sur l’auteur de la Métamorphose.</p></div> </a> <div class="hb-encyclo-link"><a href="http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie">VOIR TOUS LES ARTICLES</a></div> </div> </div></div> <div class="col-lg-3 col-sm-6"> <div class="home-box"> <div class="banner-title"> <hr class="line-left" /> <span class="fontello"></span> <hr class="line-right" /> <a class="homebox-title font-montserra" href="https://cuisine.larousse.fr/" >CUISINE</a> <div class="freespace visible-lg visible-xl"></div> </div> <div class="hb-cook-selector"> <div class="hb-cook-bloc"> <a href="https://cuisine.larousse.fr/recherche/types/recette/type-de-plat/entrees"> <div class="hb-cook-icon"><img src="/portail/assets/img/pict-entree.gif" /></div> <div class="hb-cook-name"><p>Entrées</p></div> <div class="hb-cook-go"></div> </a> </div> <div class="hl"></div> <div class="hb-cook-bloc"> <a href="https://cuisine.larousse.fr/recherche/types/recette/type-de-plat/plats"> <div class="hb-cook-icon"><img src="/portail/assets/img/pict-plat.gif" /></div> <div class="hb-cook-name"><p>Plats</p></div> <div class="hb-cook-go"></div> </a> </div> <div class="hl"></div> <div class="hb-cook-bloc"> <a href="https://cuisine.larousse.fr/recherche/types/recette/type-de-plat/desserts"> <div class="hb-cook-icon"><img src="/portail/assets/img/pict-dessert.gif" /></div> <div class="hb-cook-name"><p>Desserts</p></div> <div class="hb-cook-go"></div> </a> </div> <div class="hb-cook-link"><a href="https://cuisine.larousse.fr/">VOIR TOUTES LES RECETTES</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- PANEL LIVRES LAROUSSE --> <div class="panel-books" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%;"> <!-- TITLE --> <!-- TITLE --> <div class="banner-title"> <hr class="line-left" /> <span class="fontello" ></span> <hr class="line-right" /> <p class="panel-title">LAROUSSE LIVRES</p> </div> <!-- CAROUSEL LIVRES LAROUSSE--> <div class="row"> <div class="slide-books col-md-8"> <!-- SLIDE SHOW (Slick-Caroussel) --> <div id="content-panel-books" class="slider responsive-book"> <div class="item-book"> <a href="https://www.editions-larousse.fr/livre/100-spots-descalade-couper-le-souffle-9782036066083/"><img class="img-responsive" src="https://media.hachette.fr/fit-in/500x500/imgArticle/LAROUSSE/2024/9782036066083-001-X.jpeg?source=web" title="100 spots d'escalade à couper le souffle" alt="100 spots d'escalade à couper le souffle" /></a> </div> <div class="item-book"> <a href="https://www.editions-larousse.fr/livre/esprit-bretagne-9782036056619/"><img class="img-responsive" src="https://media.hachette.fr/fit-in/500x500/imgArticle/LAROUSSE/2024/9782036056619-001-X.jpeg?source=web" title="Esprit Bretagne" alt="Esprit Bretagne" /></a> </div> <div class="item-book"> <a href="https://www.editions-larousse.fr/livre/les-grands-evenements-du-xxe-siecle-par-les-cartes-9782036065864/"><img class="img-responsive" src="https://media.hachette.fr/fit-in/500x500/imgArticle/LAROUSSE/2024/9782036065864-001-X.jpeg?source=web" title="Les grands évènements du XXe siècle par les cartes" alt="Les grands évènements du XXe siècle par les cartes" /></a> </div> <div class="item-book"> <a href="https://www.editions-larousse.fr/livre/les-mots-disparus-de-pierre-larousse-9782036068629/"><img class="img-responsive" src="https://media.hachette.fr/fit-in/500x500/imgArticle/LAROUSSE/2024/9782036068629-001-X.jpeg?source=web" title="Les mots disparus de Pierre Larousse" alt="Les mots disparus de Pierre Larousse" /></a> </div> <div class="item-book"> <a href="https://www.editions-larousse.fr/livre/when-king-falls-9782487412095/"><img class="img-responsive" src="https://media.hachette.fr/fit-in/500x500/imgArticle/COMET/2024/9782487412095-001-X.jpeg?source=web" title="When the King Falls" alt="When the King Falls" /></a> </div> <div class="item-book"> <a href="https://www.editions-larousse.fr/livre/cest-qui-le-plus-fort-9782036048508"><img class="img-responsive" src="https://media.hachette.fr/fit-in/780x1280/imgArticle/LAROUSSE/2023/9782036048508-001-X.jpeg?source=web" title="C'est qui le plus fort ?" alt="C'est qui le plus fort ?" /></a> </div> </div> <!-- LINK ALL BOOKS --> <div class="link-all font-montserra"> <a href="https://www.editions-larousse.fr/recherche?search_api_views_fulltext=">VOIR TOUS LES LIVRES</a> </div> </div> <!-- PUB PAVE (Moneytizer & Prisma)--> <div class="pub-pave oasm col-md-2"></div> <div class="ads-core-placer" id="top-pave_prisma" data-ads-core='{"type":"Pave-Haut", "device":"desktop,tablet,mobile"}'></div> </div> </div> <!-- PANEL CUISINE --> <div class="panel-cook" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%;"> <!-- TITLE --> <!-- TITLE --> <div class="banner-title"> <hr class="line-left" /> <span class="fontello" ></span> <hr class="line-right" /> <p class="panel-title">LAROUSSE CUISINE</p> </div> <!-- CAROUSEL CUISINE --> <!-- CAROUSEL CUISINE--> <div class="slide-cook"> <section id="content-panel-cook" class="slider responsive-cook"> <div class="item-cook"> <a href="https://cuisine.larousse.fr/recette/samoussas-au-thon-ail-et-fines-herbes"> <div class="icon-type"> <img src="/portail/assets/img/picto-entree.png"/> <p>Entrées</p> </div> <img class="img-responsive" src="https://cuisine.larousse.fr/sites/default/files/images/recette/thon-samoussas.jpg"/> <p>Samoussas au thon, ail et fines herbes</p> </a> </div> <div class="item-cook"> <a href="https://cuisine.larousse.fr/recette/tartiflette-veggie"> <div class="icon-type"> <img src="/portail/assets/img/picto-plat.png"/> <p>Plats</p> </div> <img class="img-responsive" src="https://cuisine.larousse.fr/sites/default/files/images/recette/recettes-croustillents-extra-crisp-tartiflette-veggie-site.jpg"/> <p>Tartiflette veggie</p> </a> </div> <div class="item-cook"> <a href="https://cuisine.larousse.fr/recette/creme-brulee-partager"> <div class="icon-type"> <img src="/portail/assets/img/picto-dessert.png"/> <p>Desserts</p> </div> <img class="img-responsive" src="https://cuisine.larousse.fr/sites/default/files/images/recette/flan-creme-creme-brulee-site.jpg"/> <p>Crème brûlée à partager</p> </a> </div> </section> </div> <!-- LINK ALL BOOKS --> <div class="link-all"> <a href="https://cuisine.larousse.fr/recherche/types/recette">VOIR TOUTES LES RECETTES</a> </div> </div> <!-- PANEL ENCYCLOPEDIE --> <div class="panel-encyclo"> <!-- TITLE --> <!-- TITLE --> <div class="banner-title"> <hr class="line-left" /> <span class="fontello" ></span> <hr class="line-right" /> <p class="panel-title">ENCYCLOPEDIE</p> </div> <!-- CAROUSEL ENCYCLOPEDIE --> <!-- CAROUSEL ENCYCLO--> <div class="slide-encyclo"> <section id="content-panel-encyclo" class="slider responsive-encyclo"> <div class="item-encyclo"> <a href="/encyclopedie/personnage/Rams%C3%A8s_II/140296"><div class="item-encyclo-visuel"><span class="bkg"></span><img class="img-responsive" src="/encyclopedie/data/vignettes/1315041.jpg" title="Ramsès II, Temple d'Abu-Simbel" alt="Ramsès II, Temple d'Abu-Simbel" /></div><div class="item-encyclo-def"><h4><B>Ramsès II.</B> </h4><p>Troisième pharaon de la XIX<SUP>e</SUP> dynastie (1301-1236 avant J.-C.).</p></div></a> </div> <div class="item-encyclo"> <a href="/encyclopedie/ville/Le_Mont-Saint-Michel_50116/133946"><div class="item-encyclo-visuel"><span class="bkg"></span><img class="img-responsive" src="/encyclopedie/data/vignettes/1314566.jpg" title="Basse-Normandie, le Mont Saint-Michel" alt="Basse-Normandie, le Mont Saint-Michel" /></div><div class="item-encyclo-def"><h4><B>Mont-Saint-Michel</B> (Le) 50116. </h4><p>Commune de la Manche, sur un rocher granitique de près...</p></div></a> </div> <div class="item-encyclo"> <a href="/encyclopedie/personnage/Jean-Luc_Godard/121647"><div class="item-encyclo-visuel"><span class="bkg"></span><img class="img-responsive" src="/encyclopedie/data/vignettes/1316717.jpg" title="Jean-Luc Godard" alt="Jean-Luc Godard" /></div><div class="item-encyclo-def"><h4><B>Godard.</B> Jean-Luc <B>Godard.</B> </h4><p>Cinéaste français et suisse...</p></div></a> </div> <div class="item-encyclo"> <a href="/encyclopedie/divers/France_vie_politique_depuis_1958/186032"><div class="item-encyclo-visuel"><span class="bkg"></span><img class="img-responsive" src="/encyclopedie/data/vignettes/1310777.jpg" title="Charles de Gaulle" alt="Charles de Gaulle" /></div><div class="item-encyclo-def"><h4><B>France.</B> </h4><p>Vie politique depuis 1958</p></div></a> </div> </section> </div> </div> <!-- PANEL FORUMS --> <div class="panel-forum"> <!-- TITLE --> <!-- TITLE --> <div class="banner-title"> <hr class="line-left" /> <span class="fontello" ></span> <hr class="line-right" /> <p class="panel-title">FORUM</p> </div> <!-- HOMEBOX FORUMS --> <!-- CAROUSEL FORUM--> <div class="zone-topicforum"> <div class="line-topic row "> <a href="/forums/langue-francaise/Erreur-Polysynodie/24877"> <div class="col-lg-2 hidden-md hidden-sm hidden-xs user-forum fontello"></div> <div class="col-lg-6"> <p class="ask-topic">Erreur Polysynodie</p> <p class="date-topic timeago">19/11/2024 20:02:09</p> </div> <div class="col-lg-4"> <div class="message-topic">0 messages</div> <div class="visite-topic">561 visites</div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="line-topic row "> <a href="/forums/langue-francaise/Quels-sont-les-prenoms-francais-les-plus-anciens-encore-utilises-aujourd-hui/24876"> <div class="col-lg-2 hidden-md hidden-sm hidden-xs user-forum fontello"></div> <div class="col-lg-6"> <p class="ask-topic">Quels sont les prénoms français les plus anciens encore utilisés aujourd'hui ?</p> <p class="date-topic timeago">19/11/2024 18:11:09</p> </div> <div class="col-lg-4"> <div class="message-topic">0 messages</div> <div class="visite-topic">689 visites</div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="line-topic row "> <a href="/forums/langue-francaise/Aucune-issue/24622"> <div class="col-lg-2 hidden-md hidden-sm hidden-xs user-forum fontello"></div> <div class="col-lg-6"> <p class="ask-topic">Aucune issue</p> <p class="date-topic timeago">05/09/2024 10:30:02</p> </div> <div class="col-lg-4"> <div class="message-topic">2 messages</div> <div class="visite-topic">26442 visites</div> </div> </a> </div> </div> <!-- Zone Recherche / Question --> <!-------------------------------> <div class="zone-linkforum row"> <div class="input-searchforum col-lg-6 col-md-6"> <input type="search" class="lar-searchtxt" placeholder="Rechercher dans le forum..."/> <button class="lar-searchbt" type="submit" onclick="onSearchForum(2);"></button> </div> <div class="btlink askforum-btlink btn waves-light col-lg-6 col-md-6" > <a href="/forums/yaf_postmessage.aspx?f=2"> <p>POSER UNE QUESTION</p><span class="go-askforum fontello"></span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- JS (Accueil) !!! pb link jquery masterpage !!!--> <script type="text/javascript" src="/portail/assets/js/portail.201905021058.js"></script> <!-- src="../assets/js/portail.js" --> <!-- BANIERE(730 x 90) PUB BOTTOM --> <div class="pub-bottom oasb"> </div> <!-- ## SOCIAL PANEL ## --> <!-- ################## --> <!-- ####### FOOTER ####### --> <div class="footer"> <span class="footer-left"> <a href="/contenu/applications/applications_mobiles">Applications mobiles</a> <a href="/index">Index</a> <a href="/infos/credits">Mentions légales et crédits</a> <a href="/infos/cgu">CGU</a> <a href="/infos/cgv">CGV</a> <a href="/infos/confidentialite">Charte de confidentialité</a> <a class="optanon-show-settings">Cookies</a> <a href="/infos/contact">Contact</a> </span> <span class="footer-right"> <span>© Larousse</span> </span> </div> <!-- ####### FOOTER ####### --> </div> </body> <!-- JS Bootstrap core JavaScript --> <!-- <script type="text/javascript" src="/library-web/bootstrap/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> --> <!-- src="/library-web/bootstrap/js/bootstrap.js" --> <!-- CDN=[cdn.jsdelivr.net]: bootstrap@4.6.0 [JS] --> <!-- <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@4.6.0/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js" integrity="sha384-Piv4xVNRyMGpqkS2by6br4gNJ7DXjqk09RmUpJ8jgGtD7zP9yug3goQfGII0yAns" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> --> <script src="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-aJ21OjlMXNL5UyIl/XNwTMqvzeRMZH2w8c5cRVpzpU8Y5bApTppSuUkhZXN0VxHd" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <!-- JS MDB core JavaScript --> <!-- <script type="text/javascript" src="/library-web/mdb/js/mdb.min.js"></script> --> <!-- src="/library-web/mdb/js/mdb.js" --> <!-- JS SLICK core JavaScript --> <script type="text/javascript" src="/library-web/slick/slick.min.js"></script> <!-- src="/library-web/slick/slick.js" --> <!-- RegisPUB & [OneTrust] (Params, Habillage(body,oast,oasm,...)) --> <!-- ############################################################# --> <!-- [OneTrust] CATEGORY-1: Cookies strictement nécessaires --> <script type="text/plain" class="optanon-category-1"> //alert("CATEGORY-1: OK \nCookies strictement nécessaires"); //alert("OnetrustActiveGroups: [" + OnetrustActiveGroups +"]"); // // Set cookie [show payWall] (default value) //alert("optanon(CAT-1|START) : spwpoool_ = true (default value)"); setCookie('spwpoool_', 'true', 1); </script> <!-- [OneTrust] CATEGORY-2: Cookies de performance --> <script type="text/plain" class="optanon-category-2"> //alert("CATEGORY-2: OK \nCookies de performance "); //alert("OnetrustActiveGroups: [" + OnetrustActiveGroups +"]"); // //googleAnalytics(); //alert("googleAnalytics(): OK"); </script> <!-- [OneTrust] CATEGORY-3: Cookies de fonctionnalité --> <script type="text/plain" class="optanon-category-3"> //alert("CATEGORY-3: OK \nCookies de fonctionnalité"); //alert("OnetrustActiveGroups: [" + OnetrustActiveGroups +"]"); // </script> <!-- [OneTrust] CATEGORY-4: Cookies pour une publicité ciblée --> <script type="text/plain" class="optanon-category-4"> //alert("CATEGORY-4: OK \nCookies pour une publicité ciblée"); //alert("OnetrustActiveGroups: [" + OnetrustActiveGroups +"]"); // //alert("optanon(CAT-4|PUB) : Consent[OK]"); setCookie('laruserconsent_', 'true', 1); //alert("setCookie : laruserconsent_[true]"); disablePaywall(); initFirstID(); // //initSAStrigger(); // regispub: trigger Pub (body, etc...) via smartadserver //ads(); // regispub: themoneytizer //AdsEx(); // regispub: quantx(elasticad), Teads //alert("ads()-quantxAds(): OK"); </script> <!-- [OneTrust] CATEGORY-8: Cookies « réseaux sociaux » --> <script type="text/plain" class="optanon-category-8"> //alert("CATEGORY-8: OK \nCookies réseaux sociaux"); //alert("OnetrustActiveGroups: [" + OnetrustActiveGroups +"]"); // //twitter(); // Box Twitter //facebook(); // Box facebook //googleplus(); // Box Google Plus //alert("twitter()-facebook()-googleplus(): OK"); </script> <!-- ########## FIN CNIL(RGPD) ########## --> <!-- POOOL [payWall & subscription] (access.js & subscribe.js) --> <!-- ######################################################### --> <!-- -------------- intégration [audit.js] ----------------- --> <!-- -------------- intégration [access.js] ----------------- --> <script id="poool-access" src="https://assets.poool.fr/access.min.js" async></script> <script> var access = null; const script_access = document.getElementById('poool-access'); script_access.addEventListener('load', function () { // var spwpoool_ = getCookie('spwpoool_'); if(window.location.toString().indexOf("/infos/") > 0) spwpoool_ = false; // Paywall & pageInfos(footer) // if (spwpoool_ == null || spwpoool_ == 'true') { //alert("spwpoool_[" + spwpoool_+"]: \n - createPaywall \n - poool-widget=show() + wrapper=blur(3) \n - event(Poool+oneTrust)"); access = Access.init('ILD4S-2S1MH-UGZ3J-1SEEH'); access.createPaywall({ target: '#poool-widget', content: '[data-poool]', mode: 'excerpt', percent: 80, pageType: 'premium', }); // Hide <#poool-widget> $("#poool-widget").show(); // wrapper -> blur(3) >>> flou $('.wrapper').css({ 'filter' : 'blur(3px)', '-webkit-filter' : 'blur(3px)', '-moz-filter' : 'blur(3px)', '-o-filter' : 'blur(3px)', '-ms-filter' : 'blur(3px)' }); // event back consent access.on('consent', function () { //alert("access.on('consent')"); // change Consent (accept All Cookie) ///////////////////////////////////// //OneTrust.AllowAll(); // => [OK] // Display Banner OneTrust (!niveau 2:setting!) /////////////////////////////////////////////// OneTrust.ToggleInfoDisplay(); // => [OK] OneTrust.OnConsentChanged(function () { //alert("OneTrust.OnConsentChanged => Value: [" + OnetrustActiveGroups + "]"); if (OnetrustActiveGroups.match(/,4,/) != null) { // consentement oneTrust: [OK] (OnetrustActiveGroups == 4) setCookie('laruserconsent_', 'true', 1); //alert("setCookie : laruserconsent_[true]"); // gestion First-ID initFirstID(); }else{ // consentement oneTrust: [KO] (OnetrustActiveGroups != 4) // (ré)activation paywall POOOL access.createPaywall({ target: '#poool-widget', content: '[data-poool]', mode: 'excerpt', percent: 80, pageType: 'premium', }); } }); }); }else{ // //alert("spwpoool_[false]: noPaywall"); } }); // function disablePaywall(){ //alert("disablePaywall(): \n - destroyPaywall(?) \n - poool-widget=hide() + wrapper=blur(0) \n - cookie spwpoool_: false"); // // Destroy Paywall (?) if(access){ //alert("access != null : destroyPaywall"); access.destroy(); } // //alert("- <div poool-widget>: hide() \n- <div wrapper>: blur(0)"); // Hide <#poool-widget> $("#poool-widget").hide(); // wrapper -> blur(0) >>> ok $('.wrapper').css({ 'filter' : 'none', '-webkit-filter' : 'none', '-moz-filter' : 'none', '-o-filter' : 'none', '-ms-filter' : 'none' }); // // Set cookie [hide payWall] //alert("cookie spwpoool_: false"); setCookie('spwpoool_', 'false', 1); } </script> <!-- ------------- intégration [subscribe.js] ---------------- --> <script id="poool-subscribe" src="https://assets.poool-subscribe.fr/subscribe.js" async></script> <script> const script_subscribe = document.getElementById('poool-subscribe'); script_subscribe.addEventListener('load', function () { subscribe = Subscribe.init('ILD4S-2S1MH-UGZ3J-1SEEH'); subscribe.createAuthElement('signin-with-subscribe-button', { target: '#auth-widget-topbar' }); subscribe.createAuthElement('signin-with-subscribe-button', { target: '#auth-widget-menuburger' }); //subscribe.config('debug', true); // Appel ( async / await) ///////////////////////// async function getUserDatas() { const user = await subscribe.getUser(); //[KO] user => undefined //alert("user info: " + user // + "\nid_subscription: " + user.subscription.subscriptionId // + "\nstatus: " + user.subscription.status // + "\ncreatedAt: " + user.subscription.createdAt); if(user != undefined && user.subscription != null && user.subscription.status == "active"){ //alert("status == active : subscribe[OK]"); $("#auth-widget-topbar").css("margin-top", "12px"); // alignement infoUSer (topbar) disablePaywall(); }else{ // //alert("access[null] OR subscribe[KO]: keepContext"); } } getUserDatas(); }); </script> <!-- ############# FIN PAYWALL(Pool) ############# --> <!-- FIRST-ID [gestion cookie first/tiers] --> <!-- ##################################### --> <!-- ---- intégration [loader.min.js] ---- --> <script src="https://cdn.first-id.fr/sdk/loader/loader.min.js"></script> <!-- first-ID [PROD] --> <!-- first-ID [RECE-PREPROD] --> <script> // function initFirstID() { // //alert("gestion first-ID"); console.log('version/call first-ID') // window.firstId = window.firstId || { callbacks: [], // callbacks to execute when the SDK is loaded debug: false, // if you want to see the logs of the SDK cookieName: 'firstid', // the name of the cookie where you put the First-id value after the gate redirect // User hashed email value emailCookieName: 'hashed_email', // the name of the cookie where we can find the hashed email value after the user login emailHashed: null, // OR the hashed email value of the user if you have it before the SDK initialization emailGetterCallback: null, // OR a callback to get the hashed email value of the user refreshCookieName: 'firstid_refresh', // the name of the cookie that SDK create to tell you to make a redirect to our gate to resync the First-id value }; // // callbacks to execute when the SDK is loaded window.firstId.callbacks.push(() => { console.log('First-id SDK loaded. #1') //alert('[First-id callbacks]: SDK loaded. #1'); }); // // callback to get the First-id value window.firstId.callbacks.push(() => { console.log('First-id SDK loaded #2') //alert('[First-id callbacks]: SDK loaded. #2'); try { var _firstID = FIRSTID.getId(); // you can access to the First-id SDK with the global variable "FIRSTID", this method return the First-id value console.log('First-id cookie: ' + _firstID) //alert('First-id cookie: ' + _firstID); } catch (e) { if (e.code === 'FirstIdCookieNotFound') { console.log('FirstID cookie not found'); //alert('[First-id callbacks]: FirstID cookie not found'); } } }); } </script> <!-- JS larousse-Masterpage --> <script type="text/javascript" src="/library-web/larcom/masterpage/js/masterpage.js"></script> <!-- src="[module]/assets/js/masterpage.js" --> </html>