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<label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Peter Sarnak</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another 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Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%83" title="بيتر سارناك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بيتر سارناك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%A9" title="پیتر سارناک – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پیتر سارناک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AD_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95" title="পিটার ক্লাইভ সারনাক – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পিটার ক্লাইভ সারনাক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Пітэр Сарнак – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пітэр Сарнак" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Sarnak" title="Peter Sarnak – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Peter Sarnak" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%AD%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81_%CE%A3%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%BA" title="Πέτερ Σάρνακ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πέτερ Σάρνακ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Sarnak" title="Peter Sarnak – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Peter Sarnak" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Sarnak" title="Peter Sarnak – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Peter Sarnak" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Sarnak" title="Peter Sarnak – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Peter Sarnak" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A8_%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A7" title="פיטר סרנק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פיטר סרנק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Sarnak" title="Peter Sarnak – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Peter Sarnak" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Sarnak" title="Peter Sarnak – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Peter Sarnak" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%83" title="بيتر سارناك – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بيتر سارناك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Sarnak" title="Peter Sarnak – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Peter Sarnak" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%94%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B5%E3%83%AB%E3%83%8A%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF" title="ピーター・サルナック – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ピーター・サルナック" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Sarnak" title="Peter Sarnak – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Peter Sarnak" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Sarnak" title="Peter Sarnak – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Peter Sarnak" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Sarnak" title="Peter Sarnak – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Peter Sarnak" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA,_%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Сарнак, Питер – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сарнак, Питер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Sarnak" title="Peter Sarnak – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Peter Sarnak" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Пітер Сарнак – Ukrainian" 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.infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Peter Sarnak</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">FRS</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Academia_Europaea" title="Member of the Academia Europaea">MAE</a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Peter_Sarnak_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Peter_Sarnak_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Peter_Sarnak_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Peter_Sarnak_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Peter_Sarnak_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Peter_Sarnak_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Peter_Sarnak_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="596" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Peter Clive Sarnak</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1953-12-18</span>) </span>18 December 1953<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 71)</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a>, South Africa</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">South Africa<sup id="cite_ref-cv_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cv-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />United States<sup id="cite_ref-cv_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cv-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Witwatersrand" title="University of the Witwatersrand">University of the Witwatersrand</a> (BSc)<br /><a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a> (PhD)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Systolic_geometry" title="Systolic geometry">Systolic geometry</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Hafner%E2%80%93Sarnak%E2%80%93McCurley_constant" title="Hafner–Sarnak–McCurley constant">Hafner–Sarnak–McCurley constant</a><br /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_P%C3%B3lya_Prize" title="George Pólya Prize">George Pólya Prize</a> (1998) <br /><a href="/wiki/Ostrowski_Prize" title="Ostrowski Prize">Ostrowski Prize</a> (2001) <br /><a href="/wiki/Levi_L._Conant_Prize" title="Levi L. Conant Prize">Levi L. Conant Prize</a> (2003) <br /><a href="/wiki/Cole_Prize" title="Cole Prize">Cole Prize</a> (2005) <br /><a href="/wiki/Wolf_Prize_in_Mathematics" title="Wolf Prize in Mathematics">Wolf Prize</a> (2014) <br /><a href="/wiki/Sylvester_Medal" title="Sylvester Medal">Sylvester Medal</a> (2019) <br /><a href="/wiki/Shaw_Prize" title="Shaw Prize">Shaw Prize</a> (2024)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">Mathematics</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Courant_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Courant Institute">Courant Institute</a><br /><a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">New York University</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Advanced_Study" title="Institute for Advanced Study">Institute for Advanced Study</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">Thesis</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/38621172">Prime geodesic theorems</a></i> <span style="font-size:97%;">(1980)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Cohen_(mathematician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul Cohen (mathematician)">Paul Cohen</a><sup id="cite_ref-cv_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cv-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mathgene_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mathgene-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Doctoral students</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Booker_(mathematician)" title="Andrew Booker (mathematician)">Andrew Booker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuliana_Davidoff" title="Giuliana Davidoff">Giuliana Davidoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Duke_(mathematician)" title="William Duke (mathematician)">William Duke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Eskin" title="Alex Eskin">Alex Eskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harald_Helfgott" title="Harald Helfgott">Harald Helfgott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_J._Miller" title="Steven J. Miller">Steven J. Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Pila" title="Jonathan Pila">Jonathan Pila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannan_Soundararajan" title="Kannan Soundararajan">Kannan Soundararajan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Tsimerman" title="Jacob Tsimerman">Jacob Tsimerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akshay_Venkatesh" title="Akshay Venkatesh">Akshay Venkatesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Zaharescu" title="Alexandru Zaharescu">Alexandru Zaharescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Kontorovich" title="Alex Kontorovich">Alex Kontorovich</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.math.ias.edu/people/faculty/sarnak">www<wbr />.math<wbr />.ias<wbr />.edu<wbr />/people<wbr />/faculty<wbr />/sarnak</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Peter Clive Sarnak</b> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">FRS</a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Academia_Europaea" title="Member of the Academia Europaea">MAE</a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-frs_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frs-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (born 18 December 1953) is a South African and American mathematician.<sup id="cite_ref-cv_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cv-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sarnak has been a member of the permanent faculty of the School of Mathematics at the <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Advanced_Study" title="Institute for Advanced Study">Institute for Advanced Study</a> since 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is also Eugene Higgins Professor of Mathematics at <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a> since 2002, succeeding <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Wiles" title="Andrew Wiles">Sir Andrew Wiles</a>, and is an editor of the <a href="/wiki/Annals_of_Mathematics" title="Annals of Mathematics">Annals of Mathematics</a>. He is known for his work in <a href="/wiki/Analytic_number_theory" title="Analytic number theory">analytic number theory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was member of the Board of Adjudicators and for one period chairman of the selection committee for the Mathematics award, given under the auspices of the <a href="/wiki/Shaw_Prize" title="Shaw Prize">Shaw Prize</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Sarnak&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sarnak is the grandson of one of Johannesburg's rabbis and lived in Israel for three years as a child. He graduated from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Witwatersrand" title="University of the Witwatersrand">University of the Witwatersrand</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">BSc</a> 1975, BSc(Hons) 1976) and <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a> (PhD 1980), under the direction of <a href="/wiki/Paul_Cohen_(mathematician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul Cohen (mathematician)">Paul Cohen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cv_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cv-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mathgene_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mathgene-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sarnak's work (with <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Lubotzky" title="Alexander Lubotzky">A. Lubotzky</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ralph_S._Phillips" title="Ralph S. Phillips">R. Phillips</a>) applied results in <a href="/wiki/Number_theory" title="Number theory">number theory</a> to <a href="/wiki/Ramanujan_graphs" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramanujan graphs">Ramanujan graphs</a>, with connections to <a href="/wiki/Combinatorics" title="Combinatorics">combinatorics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">computer science</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career_and_research">Career and research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Sarnak&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career and research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sarnak has made contributions to analysis and number theory.<sup id="cite_ref-frs_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frs-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is recognised as one of the leading analytic number theorists of his generation.<sup id="cite_ref-frs_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frs-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His early work on the existence of cusp forms led to the disproof of a conjecture of <a href="/wiki/Atle_Selberg" title="Atle Selberg">Atle Selberg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-frs_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frs-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has obtained the strongest known bounds towards the <a href="/wiki/Ramanujan%E2%80%93Petersson_conjecture" title="Ramanujan–Petersson conjecture">Ramanujan–Petersson conjectures</a> for sparse graphs, and was one of the first to exploit connections between certain questions of theoretical physics and analytic number theory.<sup id="cite_ref-frs_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frs-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are fundamental contributions to <i>arithmetical quantum chaos</i>, a term which he introduced, and to the relationship between random matrix theory and the zeros of <a href="/wiki/L-function" title="L-function">L-functions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-frs_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frs-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His work on subconvexity for <a href="/wiki/Rankin%E2%80%93Selberg_method" title="Rankin–Selberg method">Rankin–Selberg L-functions</a> led to the resolution of <a href="/wiki/Hilbert%27s_eleventh_problem" title="Hilbert's eleventh problem">Hilbert's eleventh problem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-frs_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frs-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During his career he has held numerous appointments including: </p> <ul><li>Assistant Professor, 1980–83; Associate Professor, 1983; Professor, 2001–2005, <a href="/wiki/Courant_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Courant Institute">Courant Institute</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">New York University</a></li> <li>Associate Professor, 1984–87; Professor, 1987–91, <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a></li> <li>Professor, 1991–; H. Fine Professor, 1995–96; Chairman, Dept of Mathematics, 1996–99; Eugene Higgins Professor, 2002–, <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a></li> <li>Member, 1999–2002 and 2005–2007; Faculty, 2007–present, <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Advanced_Study" title="Institute for Advanced Study">Institute for Advanced Study</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Publications">Publications</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Sarnak&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSarnak1982" class="citation journal cs1">Sarnak, P. (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.cmp/1103921210">"Spectral Behavior of Quasi Periodic Potentials"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Commun._Math._Phys." class="mw-redirect" title="Commun. Math. Phys.">Commun. Math. Phys.</a></i> <b>84</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">377–</span>401. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1982CMaPh..84..377S">1982CMaPh..84..377S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fbf01208483">10.1007/bf01208483</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:123319103">123319103</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Commun.+Math.+Phys.&rft.atitle=Spectral+Behavior+of+Quasi+Periodic+Potentials&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E377-%3C%2Fspan%3E401&rft.date=1982&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A123319103%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fbf01208483&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1982CMaPh..84..377S&rft.aulast=Sarnak&rft.aufirst=P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fprojecteuclid.org%2Feuclid.cmp%2F1103921210&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Sarnak" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Some Applications of Modular Forms, 1990</li> <li>(joint editor) Extremal Riemann Surfaces, 1997</li> <li>(joint author) Random Matrices, Frobenius Eigenvalues and Monodromy, 1998</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Sarnak2000" class="citation book cs1">Peter Sarnak (2000). "Some problems in Number Theory, Analysis and Mathematical Physics". In V. I. Arnold; M. Atiyah; P. Lax; B. Mazur (eds.). <i>Mathematics: frontiers and perspectives</i>. American Mathematical Society. pp. <span class="nowrap">261–</span>269. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8218-2697-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8218-2697-3"><bdi>978-0-8218-2697-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Some+problems+in+Number+Theory%2C+Analysis+and+Mathematical+Physics&rft.btitle=Mathematics%3A+frontiers+and+perspectives&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E261-%3C%2Fspan%3E269&rft.pub=American+Mathematical+Society&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-8218-2697-3&rft.au=Peter+Sarnak&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Sarnak" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>(joint editor) Selected Works of Ilya Piatetski-Shapiro (Collected Works), 2000</li> <li>(joint author) <a href="/wiki/Elementary_Number_Theory,_Group_Theory_and_Ramanujan_Graphs" title="Elementary Number Theory, Group Theory and Ramanujan Graphs">Elementary Number Theory, Group Theory and Ramanujan Graphs</a>, 2003</li> <li>(joint editor) Selected Papers Volume I-Peter Lax, 2005</li> <li>(joint editor) Automorphic Forms and Applications, 2007</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Awards_and_honours">Awards and honours</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Sarnak&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Awards and honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Peter Sarnak was awarded: </p> <ul><li>1988 <a href="/wiki/P%C3%B3lya_Prize_(SIAM)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pólya Prize (SIAM)">Pólya Prize</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Society_for_Industrial_%26_Applied_Mathematics" class="mw-redirect" title="Society for Industrial & Applied Mathematics">Society for Industrial & Applied Mathematics</a></li> <li>2001 <a href="/wiki/Ostrowski_Prize" title="Ostrowski Prize">Ostrowski Prize</a></li> <li>2003 <a href="/wiki/Levi_L._Conant_Prize" title="Levi L. Conant Prize">Levi L. Conant Prize</a></li> <li>2005 <a href="/wiki/Frank_Nelson_Cole_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank Nelson Cole Prize">Frank Nelson Cole Prize</a> in Number Theory</li> <li>2012 <a href="/wiki/Lester_R._Ford_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Lester R. Ford Award">Lester R. Ford Award</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2014 <a href="/wiki/Wolf_Prize_in_Mathematics" title="Wolf Prize in Mathematics">Wolf Prize in Mathematics</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2019 <a href="/wiki/Sylvester_Medal" title="Sylvester Medal">Sylvester Medal</a> of the Royal Society<sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2024 <a href="/wiki/Shaw_Prize" title="Shaw Prize">Shaw Prize</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The University of the Witwatersrand conferred an honorary doctorate on Professor Peter Sarnak on 2 July 2014 for his distinguished contribution to the field of mathematics. </p><p>He was an invited speaker at the <a href="/wiki/International_Congress_of_Mathematicians" title="International Congress of Mathematicians">International Congress of Mathematicians</a> (ICM) in 1990 in Kyoto<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a plenary speaker at the ICM in 1998 in Berlin.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sarnak has been a member of the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a> since 1991. He was also elected as member of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Academy_of_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="United States National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a> (USA) and <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">Fellow of the Royal Society</a> (FRS) in 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-frs_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frs-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He became a member of the <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a> in 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was awarded an honorary doctorate by the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_University_of_Jerusalem" title="Hebrew University of Jerusalem">Hebrew University of Jerusalem</a> in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was also awarded an honorary doctorate by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a> in 2015 and by <a href="/wiki/Stockholm_University" title="Stockholm University">Stockholm University</a> in 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was elected to the 2018 class of <a href="/wiki/Fellow" title="Fellow">fellows</a> of the <a href="/wiki/American_Mathematical_Society" title="American Mathematical Society">American Mathematical Society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019 he became the 10th non-British citizen to ever be awarded the <a href="/wiki/Sylvester_Medal" title="Sylvester Medal">Sylvester Medal</a> of the Royal Society.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Sarnak&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-cv-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cv_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cv_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cv_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cv_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cv_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSarnak" class="citation web cs1">Sarnak, Peter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.math.ias.edu/files/sarnak/SarnakCV_Feb%202012.pdf">"CV February 2012"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CV+February+2012&rft.aulast=Sarnak&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.math.ias.edu%2Ffiles%2Fsarnak%2FSarnakCV_Feb%25202012.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Sarnak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mathgene-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mathgene_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mathgene_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=8361">Peter Sarnak</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Mathematics_Genealogy_Project" title="Mathematics Genealogy Project">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-frs-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-frs_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-frs_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-frs_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-frs_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-frs_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-frs_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-frs_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-frs_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://royalsociety.org/people/peter-sarnak-12230/">https://royalsociety.org/people/peter-sarnak-12230/</a> One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"All text published under the heading 'Biography' on Fellow profile pages is available under <a href="/wiki/Creative_Commons_license" title="Creative Commons license">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>." --<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161111170346/https://royalsociety.org/about-us/terms-conditions-policies/">Royal Society Terms, conditions and policies</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived 2016-11-11)</p></blockquote></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.math.ias.edu/people/faculty">"Faculty: School of Mathematics"</a>. Institute for Advanced Study. 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Faculty%3A+School+of+Mathematics&rft.pub=Institute+for+Advanced+Study&rft.date=2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.math.ias.edu%2Fpeople%2Ffaculty&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Sarnak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSarnak,_Peter2011" class="citation journal cs1">Sarnak, Peter (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240529043006/https://maa.org/programs/maa-awards/writing-awards/integral-apollonian-packings">"Integral Apollonian Packings"</a>. <i>Amer. Math. Monthly</i>. <b>118</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">291–</span>306. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4169%2Famer.math.monthly.118.04.291">10.4169/amer.math.monthly.118.04.291</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:590695">590695</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maa.org/programs/maa-awards/writing-awards/integral-apollonian-packings">the original</a> on 29 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Amer.+Math.+Monthly&rft.atitle=Integral+Apollonian+Packings&rft.volume=118&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E291-%3C%2Fspan%3E306&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4169%2Famer.math.monthly.118.04.291&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A590695%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Sarnak%2C+Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.maa.org%2Fprograms%2Fmaa-awards%2Fwriting-awards%2Fintegral-apollonian-packings&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Sarnak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wolffund.org.il/index.php?dir=site&page=winners&cs=793">"פרופ' פיטר סרנק"</a>. Wolffund.org.il. 13 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A4%27+%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A8+%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A7&rft.pub=Wolffund.org.il&rft.date=2015-02-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wolffund.org.il%2Findex.php%3Fdir%3Dsite%26page%3Dwinners%26cs%3D793&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Sarnak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://royalsociety.org/grants-schemes-awards/awards/sylvester-medal/">Sylvester Medal 2019</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shawprize.org/news/announcement-press-conference-2024-press-release/">Shaw Prize 2024</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSarnak,_Peter1990" class="citation book cs1">Sarnak, Peter (1990). "Diophantine problems and linear groups". <i>Proceedings of the International Congress of Mathematicians, 1990, Kyoto</i>. Vol. 1. pp. <span class="nowrap">459–</span>471.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Diophantine+problems+and+linear+groups&rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+the+International+Congress+of+Mathematicians%2C+1990%2C+Kyoto&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E459-%3C%2Fspan%3E471&rft.date=1990&rft.au=Sarnak%2C+Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Sarnak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSarnak,_Peter1998" class="citation book cs1">Sarnak, Peter (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elibm.org/ft/10011732000">"<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle L}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>L</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle L}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/103168b86f781fe6e9a4a87b8ea1cebe0ad4ede8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.583ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle L}"></span>-functions"</a>. <i>Doc. Math. (Bielefeld) Extra Vol. ICM Berlin, 1998, vol. I</i>. pp. <span class="nowrap">453–</span>465.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=MATH+RENDER+ERROR-functions&rft.btitle=Doc.+Math.+%28Bielefeld%29+Extra+Vol.+ICM+Berlin%2C+1998%2C+vol.+I&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E453-%3C%2Fspan%3E465&rft.date=1998&rft.au=Sarnak%2C+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elibm.org%2Fft%2F10011732000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Sarnak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Peter+Sarnak&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced">"APS Member History"</a>. <i>search.amphilsoc.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=search.amphilsoc.org&rft.atitle=APS+Member+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.amphilsoc.org%2Fmemhist%2Fsearch%3Fcreator%3DPeter%2BSarnak%26title%3D%26subject%3D%26subdiv%3D%26mem%3D%26year%3D%26year-max%3D%26dead%3D%26keyword%3D%26smode%3Dadvanced&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Sarnak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.afhu.org/hebrew-university-awards-honorary-doctorates">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719053145/http://www.afhu.org/hebrew-university-awards-honorary-doctorates">Archived</a> 19 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.uchicago.edu/article/2015/05/20/university-bestow-four-honorary-degrees-523rd-convocation">"University to bestow four honorary degrees at 523rd Convocation | UChicago News"</a>. News.uchicago.edu. 20 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=University+to+bestow+four+honorary+degrees+at+523rd+Convocation+%26%23124%3B+UChicago+News&rft.pub=News.uchicago.edu&rft.date=2015-05-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.uchicago.edu%2Farticle%2F2015%2F05%2F20%2Funiversity-bestow-four-honorary-degrees-523rd-convocation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Sarnak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHallman2023" class="citation web cs1">Hallman, Annika (18 April 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.su.se/english/news/ten-new-honorary-doctorates-at-stockholm-university-1.653991">"Ten new Honorary Doctorates at Stockholm University - Stockholm University"</a>. <i>www.su.se</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.su.se&rft.atitle=Ten+new+Honorary+Doctorates+at+Stockholm+University+-+Stockholm+University&rft.date=2023-04-18&rft.aulast=Hallman&rft.aufirst=Annika&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.su.se%2Fenglish%2Fnews%2Ften-new-honorary-doctorates-at-stockholm-university-1.653991&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Sarnak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ams.org/profession/ams-fellows/new-fellows"><i>2018 Class of the Fellows of the AMS</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Mathematical_Society" title="American Mathematical Society">American Mathematical Society</a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2017</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=2018+Class+of+the+Fellows+of+the+AMS&rft.pub=American+Mathematical+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fams.org%2Fprofession%2Fams-fellows%2Fnew-fellows&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Sarnak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><i><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" title="creativecommons:by/4.0/"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Creative_Commons_by_small.svg/80px-Creative_Commons_by_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Creative_Commons_by_small.svg/120px-Creative_Commons_by_small.svg.png 1.5x, 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li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:FRS_2002" title="Template:FRS 2002"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:FRS_2002" title="Template talk:FRS 2002"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:FRS_2002" title="Special:EditPage/Template:FRS 2002"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_2002191" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">Fellows</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> elected <a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_2002" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 2002">in 2002</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fellows</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Bradley" title="Allan Bradley">Allan Bradley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Carrell" title="Robin Carrell">Robin Carrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mick_Crawley" title="Mick Crawley">Michael John Crawley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Cull-Candy" title="Stuart Cull-Candy">Stuart Cull-Candy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dainton" title="John Dainton">John Dainton</a></li> <li><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21165803" class="extiw" title="d:Q21165803">Roger John Davis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Dell" title="Anne Dell">Anne Dell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Dolphin" title="David Dolphin">David Henry Dolphin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Fowler_(physicist)" title="David Fowler (physicist)">David Fowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Furber" title="Steve Furber">Steve Furber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Goodwin" title="Graham Goodwin">Graham Goodwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Hansen" title="Jean-Pierre Hansen">Jean-Pierre Hansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Hastie" title="Nicholas Hastie">Nicholas Hastie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Hawkesworth" title="Christopher Hawkesworth">Christopher Hawkesworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Howard" title="Judith Howard">Judith Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Ingham" title="Philip Ingham">Philip Ingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Ish-Horowicz" title="David Ish-Horowicz">David Ish-Horowicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Jackson" class="mw-redirect" title="James A. Jackson">James A. Jackson</a></li> <li><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21165436" class="extiw" title="d:Q21165436">Bruce Ernest Kemp</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21166265" class="extiw" title="d:Q21166265">John Vincent Kilmartin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21165856" class="extiw" title="d:Q21165856">David Malcolm James Lilley</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Lyons_(mathematician)" title="Terry Lyons (mathematician)">Terry Lyons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgina_Mace" title="Georgina Mace">Georgina Mace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McCanny" title="John McCanny">John McCanny</a></li> <li><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21165418" class="extiw" title="d:Q21165418">Brian Cecil Joseph Moore</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Parker_(chemist)" title="David Parker (chemist)">David Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyn_Poliakoff" title="Martyn Poliakoff">Martyn Poliakoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Priest" title="Eric Priest">Eric Priest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terence_Quinn" title="Terence Quinn">Terence Quinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_J._Ratcliffe" title="Peter J. Ratcliffe">Peter J. Ratcliffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Rees" title="Mary Rees">Mary Rees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Reid" title="Miles Reid">Miles Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_William_Rhind" title="David William Rhind">David William Rhind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Maurice_Rice" title="Thomas Maurice Rice">Thomas Maurice Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Sambles" title="Roy Sambles">Roy Sambles</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Peter Sarnak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Sinclair_(biologist)" title="Tony Sinclair (biologist)">Tony Sinclair</a></li> <li><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507502" class="extiw" title="d:Q507502">Andrew Benjamin Smith</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21165231" class="extiw" title="d:Q21165231">Anthony John Stace</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Strausfeld" title="Nicholas Strausfeld">Nicholas Strausfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Welland" title="Mark Welland">Mark Welland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Wilmut" title="Ian Wilmut">Ian Wilmut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foreign</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Claude_All%C3%A8gre" title="Claude Allègre">Claude Allègre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Per_Andersen" title="Per Andersen">Per Andersen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Markl" title="Hubert Markl">Hubert Markl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pines" title="Alexander Pines">Alexander Pines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_H._Raven" title="Peter H. Raven">Peter H. Raven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Wunsch" title="Carl Wunsch">Carl Wunsch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society">List of fellows of the Royal Society</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Laureates_of_the_Wolf_Prize_in_Mathematics235" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#d3d3d3;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wolf_Prize_in_Mathematics" title="Template:Wolf Prize in Mathematics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wolf_Prize_in_Mathematics" title="Template talk:Wolf Prize in Mathematics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wolf_Prize_in_Mathematics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wolf Prize in Mathematics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laureates_of_the_Wolf_Prize_in_Mathematics235" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Laureates of the <a href="/wiki/Wolf_Prize_in_Mathematics" title="Wolf Prize in Mathematics">Wolf Prize in Mathematics</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Gelfand" title="Israel Gelfand">Israel Gelfand</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carl_Ludwig_Siegel" title="Carl Ludwig Siegel">Carl L. Siegel</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Leray" title="Jean Leray">Jean Leray</a> / <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Weil" title="André Weil">André Weil</a> (1979)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Cartan" title="Henri Cartan">Henri Cartan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Andrey_Kolmogorov" title="Andrey Kolmogorov">Andrey Kolmogorov</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lars_Ahlfors" title="Lars Ahlfors">Lars Ahlfors</a> / <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Zariski" title="Oscar Zariski">Oscar Zariski</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassler_Whitney" title="Hassler Whitney">Hassler Whitney</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mark_Krein" title="Mark Krein">Mark Krein</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiing-Shen_Chern" title="Shiing-Shen Chern">Shiing-Shen Chern</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Erd%C5%91s" title="Paul Erdős">Paul Erdős</a> (1983/84)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunihiko_Kodaira" title="Kunihiko Kodaira">Kunihiko Kodaira</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hans_Lewy" title="Hans Lewy">Hans Lewy</a> (1984/85)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Eilenberg" title="Samuel Eilenberg">Samuel Eilenberg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Atle_Selberg" title="Atle Selberg">Atle Selberg</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiyosi_It%C3%B4" title="Kiyosi Itô">Kiyosi Itô</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Lax" title="Peter Lax">Peter Lax</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Hirzebruch" title="Friedrich Hirzebruch">Friedrich Hirzebruch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lars_H%C3%B6rmander" title="Lars Hörmander">Lars Hörmander</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Calder%C3%B3n" title="Alberto Calderón">Alberto Calderón</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Milnor" title="John Milnor">John Milnor</a> (1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ennio_De_Giorgi" title="Ennio De Giorgi">Ennio De Giorgi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Piatetski-Shapiro" title="Ilya Piatetski-Shapiro">Ilya Piatetski-Shapiro</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lennart_Carleson" title="Lennart Carleson">Lennart Carleson</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_G._Thompson" title="John G. Thompson">John G. Thompson</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Leonidovich_Gromov" class="mw-redirect" title="Mikhail Leonidovich Gromov">Mikhail Gromov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Tits" title="Jacques Tits">Jacques Tits</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Moser" title="Jürgen Moser">Jürgen Moser</a> (1994/95)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Langlands" title="Robert Langlands">Robert Langlands</a> / <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Wiles" title="Andrew Wiles">Andrew Wiles</a> (1995/96)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Keller" title="Joseph Keller">Joseph Keller</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yakov_Sinai" title="Yakov Sinai">Yakov G. Sinai</a> (1996/97)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_Lov%C3%A1sz" title="László Lovász">László Lovász</a> / <a href="/wiki/Elias_M._Stein" title="Elias M. Stein">Elias M. Stein</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raoul_Bott" title="Raoul Bott">Raoul Bott</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Serre" title="Jean-Pierre Serre">Jean-Pierre Serre</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Arnold" title="Vladimir Arnold">Vladimir Arnold</a> / <a href="/wiki/Saharon_Shelah" title="Saharon Shelah">Saharon Shelah</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikio_Sato" title="Mikio Sato">Mikio Sato</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Tate_(mathematician)" title="John Tate (mathematician)">John Tate</a> (2002/03)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grigory_Margulis" title="Grigory Margulis">Grigory Margulis</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Novikov_(mathematician)" title="Sergei Novikov (mathematician)">Sergei Novikov</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Smale" title="Stephen Smale">Stephen Smale</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hillel_Furstenberg" title="Hillel Furstenberg">Hillel Furstenberg</a> (2006/07)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Deligne" title="Pierre Deligne">Pierre Deligne</a> / <a href="/wiki/Phillip_Griffiths" title="Phillip Griffiths">Phillip A. Griffiths</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_Mumford" title="David Mumford">David B. Mumford</a> (2008)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Sullivan" title="Dennis Sullivan">Dennis Sullivan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Shing-Tung_Yau" title="Shing-Tung Yau">Shing-Tung Yau</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Aschbacher" title="Michael Aschbacher">Michael Aschbacher</a> / <a href="/wiki/Luis_Caffarelli" title="Luis Caffarelli">Luis Caffarelli</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Mostow" title="George Mostow">George Mostow</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Artin" title="Michael Artin">Michael Artin</a> (2013)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Peter Sarnak</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Arthur_(mathematician)" title="James Arthur (mathematician)">James G. Arthur</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Schoen" title="Richard Schoen">Richard Schoen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_Fefferman" title="Charles Fefferman">Charles Fefferman</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Beilinson" title="Alexander Beilinson">Alexander Beilinson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Drinfeld" title="Vladimir Drinfeld">Vladimir Drinfeld</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Le_Gall" title="Jean-François Le Gall">Jean-François Le Gall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Greg_Lawler" title="Greg Lawler">Gregory Lawler</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Donaldson" title="Simon Donaldson">Simon K. Donaldson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yakov_Eliashberg" title="Yakov Eliashberg">Yakov Eliashberg</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lusztig" title="George Lusztig">George Lusztig</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingrid_Daubechies" title="Ingrid Daubechies">Ingrid Daubechies</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noga_Alon" title="Noga Alon">Noga Alon</a> / <a href="/wiki/Adi_Shamir" title="Adi Shamir">Adi Shamir</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#d3d3d3;"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Mathematics" title="Portal:Mathematics">Mathematics portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Shaw_Prize_laureates86" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#d3d3d3;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Shaw_Prize_laureates" title="Template:Shaw Prize laureates"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Shaw_Prize_laureates" title="Template talk:Shaw Prize laureates"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Shaw_Prize_laureates" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Shaw Prize laureates"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Shaw_Prize_laureates86" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Shaw_Prize" title="Shaw Prize">Shaw Prize</a> laureates</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">Astronomy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Peebles" title="Jim Peebles">Jim Peebles</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Marcy" title="Geoffrey Marcy">Geoffrey Marcy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michel_Mayor" title="Michel Mayor">Michel Mayor</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saul_Perlmutter" title="Saul Perlmutter">Saul Perlmutter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adam_Riess" title="Adam Riess">Adam Riess</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brian_Schmidt" title="Brian Schmidt">Brian Schmidt</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Goldreich" title="Peter Goldreich">Peter Goldreich</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Genzel" title="Reinhard Genzel">Reinhard Genzel</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Shu" title="Frank Shu">Frank Shu</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_L._Bennett" title="Charles L. Bennett">Charles Bennett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lyman_Page" title="Lyman Page">Lyman Page</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Spergel" title="David Spergel">David Spergel</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Costa_(physicist)" title="Enrico Costa (physicist)">Enrico Costa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gerald_J._Fishman" title="Gerald J. Fishman">Gerald Fishman</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_C._Jewitt" title="David C. Jewitt">David C. Jewitt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jane_Luu" title="Jane Luu">Jane Luu</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Balbus" title="Steven Balbus">Steven Balbus</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_F._Hawley" title="John F. Hawley">John F. Hawley</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Eisenstein" title="Daniel Eisenstein">Daniel Eisenstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shaun_Cole" title="Shaun Cole">Shaun Cole</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_A._Peacock" title="John A. Peacock">John A. Peacock</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Borucki" title="William J. Borucki">William J. Borucki</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Drever" title="Ronald Drever">Ronald Drever</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne">Kip Thorne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rainer_Weiss" title="Rainer Weiss">Rainer Weiss</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_White" title="Simon White">Simon White</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Loup_Puget" title="Jean-Loup Puget">Jean-Loup Puget</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_C._Stone" title="Edward C. Stone">Edward C. Stone</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Blandford" title="Roger Blandford">Roger Blandford</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Kaspi" title="Victoria Kaspi">Victoria Kaspi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chryssa_Kouveliotou" title="Chryssa Kouveliotou">Chryssa Kouveliotou</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lennart_Lindegren" title="Lennart Lindegren">Lennart Lindegren</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Perryman" title="Michael Perryman">Michael Perryman</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Bailes" title="Matthew Bailes">Matthew Bailes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duncan_Lorimer" title="Duncan Lorimer">Duncan Lorimer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maura_McLaughlin" title="Maura McLaughlin">Maura McLaughlin</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrinivas_R._Kulkarni" class="mw-redirect" title="Shrinivas R. Kulkarni">Shrinivas R. Kulkarni</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">Life science<br />and medicine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Norman_Cohen" title="Stanley Norman Cohen">Stanley Norman Cohen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Boyer" title="Herbert Boyer">Herbert Boyer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yuet_Wai_Kan" title="Yuet Wai Kan">Yuet-Wai Kan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Doll" title="Richard Doll">Richard Doll</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Berridge" title="Michael Berridge">Michael Berridge</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaodong_Wang_(biochemist)" title="Xiaodong Wang (biochemist)">Xiaodong Wang</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lefkowitz" title="Robert Lefkowitz">Robert Lefkowitz</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Wilmut" title="Ian Wilmut">Ian Wilmut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Keith_Campbell_(biologist)" title="Keith Campbell (biologist)">Keith H. S. Campbell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shinya_Yamanaka" title="Shinya Yamanaka">Shinya Yamanaka</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_L._Coleman" title="Douglas L. Coleman">Douglas Coleman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_M._Friedman" title="Jeffrey M. Friedman">Jeffrey Friedman</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Julius" title="David Julius">David Julius</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_A._Hoffmann" title="Jules A. Hoffmann">Jules Hoffmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ruslan_Medzhitov" title="Ruslan Medzhitov">Ruslan Medzhitov</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Beutler" title="Bruce Beutler">Bruce Beutler</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz-Ulrich_Hartl" title="Franz-Ulrich Hartl">Franz-Ulrich Hartl</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arthur_L._Horwich" title="Arthur L. Horwich">Arthur L. Horwich</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_C._Hall" title="Jeffrey C. Hall">Jeffrey C. Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Rosbash" title="Michael Rosbash">Michael Rosbash</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_W._Young" title="Michael W. Young">Michael W. Young</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazutoshi_Mori" title="Kazutoshi Mori">Kazutoshi Mori</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Walter" title="Peter Walter">Peter Walter</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonnie_Bassler" title="Bonnie Bassler">Bonnie Bassler</a> and <a href="/wiki/Everett_Peter_Greenberg" title="Everett Peter Greenberg">Everett Peter Greenberg</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Bird" title="Adrian Bird">Adrian Bird</a> and <a href="/wiki/Huda_Zoghbi" title="Huda Zoghbi">Huda Zoghbi</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_R._Gibbons" title="Ian R. Gibbons">Ian R. Gibbons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Vale" title="Ronald Vale">Ronald Vale</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary-Claire_King" title="Mary-Claire King">Mary-Claire King</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Jasin" title="Maria Jasin">Maria Jasin</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gero_Miesenb%C3%B6ck" title="Gero Miesenböck">Gero Miesenböck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Hegemann" title="Peter Hegemann">Peter Hegemann</a> and <a href="/wiki/Georg_Nagel" title="Georg Nagel">Georg Nagel</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_D._Emr" title="Scott D. Emr">Scott D. Emr</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Negulescu" title="Paul Negulescu">Paul A. Negulescu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Welsh_(biologist)" title="Michael J. Welsh (biologist)">Michael J. Welsh</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Cramer" title="Patrick Cramer">Patrick Cramer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eva_Nogales" title="Eva Nogales">Eva Nogales</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_H._Orkin" class="mw-redirect" title="Stuart H. Orkin">Stuart H. Orkin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Swee_Lay_Thein" title="Swee Lay Thein">Swee Lay Thein</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">Mathematical<br />science</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shiing-Shen_Chern" title="Shiing-Shen Chern">Shiing-Shen Chern</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Wiles" title="Andrew Wiles">Andrew Wiles</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Mumford" title="David Mumford">David Mumford</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wu_Wenjun" title="Wu Wenjun">Wentsun Wu</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Langlands" title="Robert Langlands">Robert Langlands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Taylor_(mathematician)" title="Richard Taylor (mathematician)">Richard Taylor</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Arnold" title="Vladimir Arnold">Vladimir Arnold</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ludvig_Faddeev" title="Ludvig Faddeev">Ludwig Faddeev</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Donaldson" title="Simon Donaldson">Simon Donaldson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clifford_Taubes" title="Clifford Taubes">Clifford Taubes</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Bourgain" title="Jean Bourgain">Jean Bourgain</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demetrios_Christodoulou" title="Demetrios Christodoulou">Demetrios Christodoulou</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_S._Hamilton" title="Richard S. Hamilton">Richard S. Hamilton</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxim_Kontsevich" title="Maxim Kontsevich">Maxim Kontsevich</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Donoho" title="David Donoho">David Donoho</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lusztig" title="George Lusztig">George Lusztig</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerd_Faltings" title="Gerd Faltings">Gerd Faltings</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henryk_Iwaniec" title="Henryk Iwaniec">Henryk Iwaniec</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Hitchin" title="Nigel Hitchin">Nigel Hitchin</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1nos_Koll%C3%A1r" title="János Kollár">János Kollár</a> and <a href="/wiki/Claire_Voisin" title="Claire Voisin">Claire Voisin</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Caffarelli" title="Luis Caffarelli">Luis Caffarelli</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Talagrand" title="Michel Talagrand">Michel Talagrand</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Beilinson" title="Alexander Beilinson">Alexander Beilinson</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Kazhdan" title="David Kazhdan">David Kazhdan</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Michel_Bismut" title="Jean-Michel Bismut">Jean-Michel Bismut</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Cheeger" title="Jeff Cheeger">Jeff Cheeger</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noga_Alon" title="Noga Alon">Noga Alon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ehud_Hrushovski" title="Ehud Hrushovski">Ehud Hrushovski</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Drinfeld" title="Vladimir Drinfeld">Vladimir Drinfeld</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shing-Tung_Yau" title="Shing-Tung Yau">Shing-Tung Yau</a> (2023)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Peter Sarnak</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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