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<span>Visions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Visions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Visions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Visions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Description_of_the_vision" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Description_of_the_vision"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Description of the vision</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Description_of_the_vision-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Results_of_her_visions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Results_of_her_visions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Results of her visions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Results_of_her_visions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Later years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sainthood" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sainthood"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Sainthood</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sainthood-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_body_of_Bernadette_Soubirous" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_body_of_Bernadette_Soubirous"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>The body of Bernadette Soubirous</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_body_of_Bernadette_Soubirous-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Minor_relics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minor_relics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Minor relics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Minor_relics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Places" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Places"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Places</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Places-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Depictions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Depictions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Depictions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Depictions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_and_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_and_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes and references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Further reading subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Magazines_and_articles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Magazines_and_articles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Magazines and articles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Magazines_and_articles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bernadette Soubirous</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 57 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">57 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="برناديت سوبيروس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="برناديت سوبيروس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernadette_Soubirous" title="Bernadette Soubirous – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bernadette Soubirous" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernadette_Soubirous" title="Bernadette Soubirous – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bernadette Soubirous" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernadeta_Sobir%C3%B3s" title="Bernadeta Sobirós – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bernadeta Sobirós" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernadette_Soubirous" title="Bernadette Soubirous – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bernadette Soubirous" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernadette_Soubirous" title="Bernadette Soubirous – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bernadette Soubirous" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernadette_Soubirous" title="Bernadette Soubirous – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bernadette Soubirous" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AD%CF%84_%CE%A3%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%8D" title="Μπερναντέτ Σουμπιρού – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μπερναντέτ Σουμπιρού" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernadette_Soubirous" title="Bernadette Soubirous – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bernadette Soubirous" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernadette_Soubirous" title="Bernadette Soubirous – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bernadette Soubirous" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernadette_Soubirous" title="Bernadette Soubirous – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bernadette Soubirous" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AA_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88" title="برنادت سوبیرو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="برنادت سوبیرو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernadette_Soubirous" title="Bernadette Soubirous – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bernadette Soubirous" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernadette_Soubirous" title="Bernadette Soubirous – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Bernadette Soubirous" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernadette_Soubirous" title="Bernadette Soubirous – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bernadette Soubirous" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B4%EB%82%98%EB%8D%B0%ED%83%80_%EC%88%98%EB%B9%84%EB%A3%A8" title="베르나데타 수비루 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="베르나데타 수비루" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernardica_Soubirous" title="Bernardica Soubirous – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bernardica Soubirous" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernadette_Soubirous" title="Bernadette Soubirous – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bernadette Soubirous" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernadette_Soubirous" title="Bernadette Soubirous – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bernadette Soubirous" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%98_%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95" title="ברנדט סובירו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ברנדט סובירו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernadette_Soubirous" title="Bernadette Soubirous – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Bernadette Soubirous" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernadette_Soubirous" title="Bernadette Soubirous – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Bernadette Soubirous" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernadeta_Soubirous" title="Bernadeta Soubirous – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Bernadeta Soubirous" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernardina_Lordensis" title="Bernardina Lordensis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Bernardina Lordensis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernadete_Subir%C5%AB" title="Bernadete Subirū – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bernadete Subirū" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernadette_Soubirous" title="Bernadette Soubirous – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bernadette Soubirous" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernadette_Soubirous" title="Bernadette Soubirous – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bernadette Soubirous" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%81" title="ബർണദീത്ത സുബീരു – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബർണദീത്ത സുബീരു" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="بيرناديت – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بيرناديت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AA" title="ماری برنادت – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ماری برنادت" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%94%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%86%E1%80%B0%E1%80%98%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="ဘာနက်ဒတ် ဆူဘရီအို့ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဘာနက်ဒတ် ဆူဘရီအို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernadette_Soubirous" title="Bernadette Soubirous – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bernadette Soubirous" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%99%E3%83%AB%E3%83%8A%E3%83%87%E3%83%83%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B9%E3%83%93%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC" title="ベルナデッタ・スビルー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ベルナデッタ・スビルー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernadette_Soubirous" title="Bernadette Soubirous – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bernadette Soubirous" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sainte_Bernadette_Soubirous" title="Sainte Bernadette Soubirous – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Sainte Bernadette Soubirous" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernadeta_Sobir%C3%B3s" title="Bernadeta Sobirós – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Bernadeta Sobirós" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernadeta_Soubirous" title="Bernadeta Soubirous – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bernadeta Soubirous" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernadette_Soubirous" title="Bernadette Soubirous – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bernadette Soubirous" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernadette_Soubirous" title="Bernadette Soubirous – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bernadette Soubirous" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83,_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Субиру, Бернадетта – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Субиру, Бернадетта" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernadete_Subiru" title="Bernadete Subiru – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bernadete Subiru" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernadette_Soubirous" title="Bernadette Soubirous – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bernadette Soubirous" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernadeta_Soubirousov%C3%A1" title="Bernadeta Soubirousová – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bernadeta Soubirousová" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernardka_Lur%C5%A1ka" title="Bernardka Lurška – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bernardka Lurška" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83" title="Бернадет Субиру – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бернадет Субиру" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernadette_Soubirous" title="Bernadette Soubirous – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bernadette Soubirous" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernadette_Soubirous" title="Bernadette Soubirous – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bernadette Soubirous" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernadette_Soubirous" title="Bernadette Soubirous – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bernadette Soubirous" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernadette_Soubirous" title="Bernadette Soubirous – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Bernadette Soubirous" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81" title="பெர்னதெத் சுபீரு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பெர்னதெத் சுபீரு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%95_%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9" title="แบร์นาแด็ต ซูบีรู – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แบร์นาแด็ต ซูบีรู" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernadette_Soubirous" title="Bernadette Soubirous – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bernadette Soubirous" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83" title="Бернадетта Субіру – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бернадетта Субіру" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%B9_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="برناڈیٹ سوبیروس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="برناڈیٹ سوبیروس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernadette_Soubirous" title="Bernadette Soubirous – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bernadette Soubirous" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%B3%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%8B%8F%E6%AF%94%E9%B2%81" title="伯尔纳德·苏比鲁 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伯尔纳德·苏比鲁" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fon mw-list-item"><a href="https://fon.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C9%9Bhw%C3%A8_Bernadette_Soubirous" title="Yɛhwè Bernadette Soubirous – Fon" lang="fon" hreflang="fon" data-title="Yɛhwè Bernadette Soubirous" data-language-autonym="Fɔ̀ngbè" data-language-local-name="Fon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fɔ̀ngbè</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q55398#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bernadette_Soubirous" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon 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vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above n" style="font-size:125%;background-color:gold;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="display:inline;font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">Saint</a></div><br /><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Bernadette</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Bernadette_Soubirous.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Bernadette_Soubirous.jpg/220px-Bernadette_Soubirous.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Bernadette_Soubirous.jpg/330px-Bernadette_Soubirous.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Bernadette_Soubirous.jpg/440px-Bernadette_Soubirous.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1273" data-file-height="1643" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Soubirous c. 1858</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:gold;"><a href="/wiki/Virgin_(title)" title="Virgin (title)">Virgin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">Bernadette Soubirous<br />7 January 1844<br /><a href="/wiki/Lourdes" title="Lourdes">Lourdes</a>, Hautes-Pyrénées, Kingdom of France</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">16 April 1879<span style="display:none">(1879-04-16)</span> (aged 35)<br /><a href="/wiki/Nevers" title="Nevers">Nevers</a>, Nièvre, France</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Venerated in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Beatification" title="Beatification">Beatified</a></th><td class="infobox-data">14 June 1925<sup id="cite_ref-Ruggles_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ruggles-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, Rome by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XI" title="Pope Pius XI">Pope Pius XI</a><sup id="cite_ref-Ruggles_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ruggles-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Canonization" title="Canonization">Canonized</a></th><td class="infobox-data">8 December 1933<sup id="cite_ref-Ruggles_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ruggles-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, Rome<sup id="cite_ref-Ruggles_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ruggles-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XI" title="Pope Pius XI">Pope Pius XI</a><sup id="cite_ref-Ruggles_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ruggles-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Major <a href="/wiki/Shrine" title="Shrine">shrine</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">Saint Gildard (<a href="/wiki/Espace_Bernadette_Soubirous_Nevers" title="Espace Bernadette Soubirous Nevers">Espace Bernadette Soubirous Nevers</a>), <a href="/wiki/Nevers" title="Nevers">Nevers</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Feast</a></th><td class="infobox-data">18 February (France)<br />16 April (elsewhere)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Bernadette Soubirous</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ɜːr/: 'ur' in 'fur'">ɜːr</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[bɛʁnadɛt<span class="wrap"> </span>subiʁu]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a>: <i lang="oc">Bernadeta Sobirós</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="oc-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Occitan" title="Help:IPA/Occitan">[beɾnaˈðetɔ<span class="wrap"> </span>suβiˈɾus]</a></span>; 7 January 1844 – 16 April 1879), also known as <b>Bernadette of Lourdes</b>, was the firstborn daughter of a miller from <a href="/wiki/Lourdes" title="Lourdes">Lourdes</a> (<span title="Occitan (post 1500)-language text"><i lang="oc">Lorda</i></span> in Occitan), in the <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">department</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es" title="Hautes-Pyrénées">Hautes-Pyrénées</a> in France, and is best known for experiencing apparitions of a "young lady" who asked for a chapel to be built at the nearby cave-<a href="/wiki/Grotto" title="Grotto">grotto</a>. These apparitions occurred between 11 February and 16 July 1858, and the young lady who appeared to her identified herself as the "<a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Conception" title="Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a>". </p><p>After a canonical investigation, Soubirous's reports were eventually declared "worthy of belief" on 18 February 1862, and the <a href="/wiki/Marian_apparition" title="Marian apparition">Marian apparition</a> became known as <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Lourdes" title="Our Lady of Lourdes">Our Lady of Lourdes</a>. In 1866, Soubirous joined the <a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_Charity_of_Nevers" title="Sisters of Charity of Nevers">Sisters of Charity of Nevers</a> at their convent in <a href="/wiki/Nevers" title="Nevers">Nevers</a> where she spent the last years of her life. Her body is said by the Catholic Church to remain internally <a href="/wiki/Incorruptibility#Causes" title="Incorruptibility">incorrupt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The grotto where the apparitions occurred later went on to become a major <a href="/wiki/Christian_pilgrimage" title="Christian pilgrimage">pilgrimage</a> site and <a href="/wiki/Marian_shrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Marian shrine">Marian shrine</a> known as the <a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_of_Our_Lady_of_Lourdes" title="Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes">Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes</a>, attracting around five million pilgrims of all denominations each year. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XI" title="Pope Pius XI">Pope Pius XI</a> beatified Bernadette Soubirous on 14 June 1925 and <a href="/wiki/Canonization" title="Canonization">canonized</a> her on 8 December 1933. Her feast day, initially specified as 18 February – the day Mary promised to make her happy, not in this life, but in the other – is now observed in most places on the date of her death, 16 April.<sup id="cite_ref-feast_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-feast-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernadette_Soubirous&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Marie Bernarde Soubirous was the daughter of François Soubirous (1807–1871), a miller, and his wife Louise (née Casteròt; 1825–1866), a laundress.<sup id="cite_ref-foley_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-foley-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was the eldest of nine children—Bernadette, Jean (born and died 1845), Toinette (1846–1892), Jean-Marie (1848–1851), Jean-Marie (1851–1919), Justin (1855–1865), Pierre (1859–1931), Jean (born and died 1864), and a baby named Louise who died soon after her birth (1866).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Soubirous was born on 7 January 1844<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and baptized at the local parish church, St. Pierre's, on 9 January, her parents' wedding anniversary. Her godmother was Bernarde Casterot, her mother's sister, a moderately wealthy widow who owned a tavern. Hard times had fallen on France, and the family lived in extreme poverty. Soubirous was a very sick child and possibly due to this only measured 1.4 m (4 ft. 7in.) tall. She contracted <a href="/wiki/Cholera" title="Cholera">cholera</a> as a toddler and suffered severe <a href="/wiki/Asthma" title="Asthma">asthma</a> for the rest of her life. Soubirous attended the day school conducted by the <a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_Charity_of_Nevers" title="Sisters of Charity of Nevers">Sisters of Charity and Christian Instruction</a> of Nevers.<sup id="cite_ref-crawley_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crawley-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Contrary to a belief popularized by Hollywood films, Soubirous learned very little French, only studying French in school after age 13. At that time she could read and write very little due to her frequent illness. She spoke the language of <a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a>, which was spoken by the local population of the <a href="/wiki/Pyrenees" title="Pyrenees">Pyrenees</a> region at that time and to a residual degree today. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Visions">Visions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernadette_Soubirous&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Visions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lourdes_apparitions" title="Lourdes apparitions">Lourdes apparitions</a></div> <p>By the time of the events at the grotto, the Soubirous family's financial and social status had declined to the point where they lived in a one-room basement, formerly used as a jail, called <i>le cachot</i>, "the dungeon", where they were housed for free by her mother's cousin, André Sajoux.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor200342_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor200342-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 11 February 1858, Soubirous, then aged 14, was out gathering firewood with her sister Toinette and a friend near the <a href="/wiki/Grotto" title="Grotto">grotto</a> of Massabielle (Tuta de Massavielha) when she experienced her first vision. While the other girls crossed the little stream in front of the grotto and walked on, Soubirous stayed behind, looking for a place to cross where she wouldn't get her stockings wet. She finally sat down to take her shoes off in order to cross the water and was lowering her stocking when she heard the sound of rushing wind, but nothing moved. A wild rose in a natural niche in the grotto, however, did move. From the niche, or rather the dark alcove behind it, "came a dazzling light, and a white figure". This was the first of 18 visions of what she referred to as <i>aquerò</i> (pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ake'ɾɔ]</span>), <a href="/wiki/Gascon_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Gascon language">Gascon</a> <a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a> for "that". In later testimony, she called it "a small young lady" (<i>uo petito damizelo</i>). Her sister and her friend stated that they had seen nothing.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor200359–60_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor200359–60-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bernadette_Soubirous_en_1863_photo_Billard-Perrin_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Bernadette_Soubirous_en_1863_photo_Billard-Perrin_2.jpg/150px-Bernadette_Soubirous_en_1863_photo_Billard-Perrin_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Bernadette_Soubirous_en_1863_photo_Billard-Perrin_2.jpg/225px-Bernadette_Soubirous_en_1863_photo_Billard-Perrin_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Bernadette_Soubirous_en_1863_photo_Billard-Perrin_2.jpg/300px-Bernadette_Soubirous_en_1863_photo_Billard-Perrin_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1764" data-file-height="2724" /></a><figcaption>Soubirous in 1863</figcaption></figure> <p>On 14 February, after Sunday Mass, Soubirous, with her sister Marie and some other girls, returned to the grotto. Soubirous knelt down immediately, saying she saw the apparition again. When one of the girls threw <a href="/wiki/Holy_water" title="Holy water">holy water</a> at the niche and another threw a rock from above that shattered on the ground, the apparition disappeared.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor200362–63_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor200362–63-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On her next visit, 18 February, Soubirous said that "the vision" asked her to return to the grotto every day for a <a href="/wiki/Fortnight" title="Fortnight">fortnight</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor200368–69_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor200368–69-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This period of almost daily visions came to be known as <i>la Quinzaine sacrée</i>, "holy fortnight." Initially, Soubirous's parents, especially her mother, were embarrassed and tried to forbid her to go. The supposed apparition did not identify herself until the seventeenth vision. Although the townspeople who believed she was telling the truth assumed she saw the Virgin Mary, Soubirous never claimed it to be Mary, consistently using the word <i>aquerò</i>. She described the lady as wearing a white veil, a blue girdle and with a yellow rose on each foot – compatible with "a description of any statue of the Virgin in a village church".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor200384_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor200384-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Soubirous's story caused a sensation among the townspeople, who were divided in their opinions on whether or not she was telling the truth. Some believed her to have a mental illness and demanded she be put in an asylum.<sup id="cite_ref-bio_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The other contents of Soubirous's reported visions were simple and focused on the need for prayer and penance. On 25 February she explained that the vision had told her "to drink of the water of the spring, to wash in it and to eat the herb that grew there," as an act of penance. To everyone's surprise, the next day the grotto was no longer muddy but clear water flowed. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor200388–90_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor200388–90-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>On 2 March, at the thirteenth apparition, Soubirous told her family that the lady said that "a chapel should be built and a procession formed".<sup id="cite_ref-crawley_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crawley-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The sixteenth vision, which Soubirous stated went on for over an hour, was on 25 March. According to her account, during that visitation, she again asked the woman for her name but the lady just smiled back. She repeated the question three more times and finally heard the lady say, in <a href="/wiki/Gascon_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Gascon language">Gascon</a> <a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a>, "I am the <a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Conception" title="Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a>" (<i>Que soy era immaculada councepciou</i> in Occitan).<sup id="cite_ref-crawley_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crawley-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite being rigorously interviewed by officials of both the Catholic Church and the French government, she stuck consistently to her story.<sup id="cite_ref-crawley_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crawley-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 7 April, Soubirous had another vision, during which her hand was apparently not burnt while being in contact with the flame of a candle for several minutes. On 8 June 1858, the mayor of Lourdes decided to barricade the grotto and put guards to prevent public access. On 16 July, Soubirous came back to see the grotto from the other side of the river and experienced her eighteenth and last apparition of the lady.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris19998_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris19998-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Description_of_the_vision">Description of the vision</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernadette_Soubirous&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Description of the vision"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As happened later with the 1917 <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_F%C3%A1tima" title="Our Lady of Fátima">apparitions of Fatima</a> in Portugal,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the primordial description of the entity made by Bernadette Soubirous was gradually modified to fit the more familiar Marian iconography images. In the seer's account, the apparition was a small figure, a young girl (a "<i>jeune fille</i>"), who looked like a twelve years old child, who was later transformed by interpreters into a "lady" of fifteen or even twenty years of age. The commissioned statue by Joseph Fabisch also failed to capture the extreme beauty and youth of the apparition, and Bernadette commented: "too big, too old". <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris199972–74_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris199972–74-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Results_of_her_visions">Results of her visions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernadette_Soubirous&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Results of her visions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After investigation, Catholic Church authorities confirmed the authenticity of the apparitions in 1862.<sup id="cite_ref-foley_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-foley-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 160 years since Soubirous dug up the spring, 70<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> cures have been verified by the <a href="/wiki/Lourdes_Medical_Bureau" title="Lourdes Medical Bureau">Lourdes Medical Bureau</a> as "inexplicable" – after what the Catholic Church claims are "extremely rigorous scientific and medical examinations" that failed to find any other explanation. The Lourdes Commission that examined Bernadette after the visions ran an intensive analysis on the water and found that, while it had a high mineral content, it contained nothing out of the ordinary that would account for the cures attributed to it. Bernadette said that it was faith and prayer that cured the sick: "One must have faith and pray; the water will have no virtue without faith".<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Soubirous's request to the local priest to build a chapel at the site of her visions eventually gave rise to a number of chapels and churches at Lourdes. The <a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_of_Our_Lady_of_Lourdes" title="Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes">Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes</a> is now one of the major Catholic pilgrimage sites in the world. One of the churches built at the site, the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_St._Pius_X" title="Basilica of St. Pius X">Basilica of St. Pius X</a>, can accommodate 25,000 people and was dedicated by the future <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXIII" title="Pope John XXIII">Pope John XXIII</a> when he was the <a href="/wiki/Papal_Nuncio" class="mw-redirect" title="Papal Nuncio">Papal Nuncio</a> to France. In 2013, 715,000 and in 2016, 570,000 pilgrims attended pilgrimage events. <sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_years">Later years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernadette_Soubirous&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Later years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bernadette_soubirous_2_publicdomain.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Bernadette_soubirous_2_publicdomain.gif/130px-Bernadette_soubirous_2_publicdomain.gif" decoding="async" width="130" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Bernadette_soubirous_2_publicdomain.gif/195px-Bernadette_soubirous_2_publicdomain.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Bernadette_soubirous_2_publicdomain.gif/260px-Bernadette_soubirous_2_publicdomain.gif 2x" data-file-width="289" data-file-height="466" /></a><figcaption>Bernadette in 1866, after having taken the religious habit and joining the Sisters of Charity</figcaption></figure> <p>Disliking the attention she was attracting, Bernadette went to the <a href="/wiki/Hospice" title="Hospice">hospice</a> school run by the <a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_Charity_of_Nevers" title="Sisters of Charity of Nevers">Sisters of Charity of Nevers</a> where she had learned to read and write. Although she considered joining the Carmelites, her health precluded her entering any of the strict contemplative orders. On 29 July 1866, with 42 other candidates, she took the religious habit of a <a href="/wiki/Postulant" title="Postulant">postulant</a> and joined the Sisters of Charity at their motherhouse, the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Gildard_Convent" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Gildard Convent">Saint Gildard Convent</a> at <a href="/wiki/Nevers" title="Nevers">Nevers</a>. Her Mistress of Novices was Sister <a href="/wiki/Marie_Therese_Vauzou" title="Marie Therese Vauzou">Marie Therese Vauzou</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-snddl_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-snddl-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Mother Superior at the time gave her the name Marie-Bernarde<sup id="cite_ref-bio_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in honor of her godmother who was named "Bernarde". As Patricia A. McEachern observes, "Bernadette was devoted to Saint Bernard, her patron saint; she copied long texts related to him in notebooks and on bits of paper. The experience of becoming 'Sister Marie-Bernard' marked a turning point for Bernadette as she realized more than ever that the great grace she received from the Queen of Heaven brought with it great responsibilities."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Soubirous spent the rest of her brief life at the motherhouse, working as an assistant in the infirmary<sup id="cite_ref-snddl_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-snddl-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and later as a <a href="/wiki/Sacristy" title="Sacristy">sacristan</a>, creating ornate <a href="/wiki/Embroidery" title="Embroidery">embroidery</a> for altar cloths and <a href="/wiki/Vestments" class="mw-redirect" title="Vestments">vestments</a>. Her contemporaries admired her humility and spirit of sacrifice. One day, asked about the apparitions, she replied:<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The Virgin used me as a broom to remove the dust. When the work is done, the broom is put behind the door again.</p></blockquote> <p>Soubirous had followed the development of Lourdes as a pilgrimage <a href="/wiki/Shrine" title="Shrine">shrine</a> while she still lived at Lourdes but was not present for the consecration of the <a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_of_Our_Lady_of_Lourdes" title="Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes">Basilica of the Immaculate Conception</a> there in 1876. </p><p>Unfortunately, Soubirous's childhood bout of "cholera left<span class="nowrap"> </span>[...] [Bernadette] with severe, chronic asthma, and eventually she contracted <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a> of the lungs and bones."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For several months prior to her death, she was unable to take an active part in convent life. She eventually died of her long-term illness at the age of 35 on 16 April 1879 (Easter Wednesday),<sup id="cite_ref-snddl_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-snddl-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while praying the <a href="/wiki/Rosary" title="Rosary">Holy Rosary</a>. On her deathbed, as she suffered from severe pain and in keeping with the Virgin Mary's admonition of "Penance, Penance, Penance," Bernadette proclaimed that "all this is good for Heaven!" Her final words were, "Blessed Mary, Mother of God, Pray for me". Soubirous' body was laid to rest in the St Joseph Chapel, in the grounds of her convent. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sainthood">Sainthood</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernadette_Soubirous&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Sainthood"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Soubirous was declared blessed on 14 June 1921<sup id="cite_ref-bio_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by Pope Pius XI. She was canonized by Pius XI on 8 December 1933, the feast of the <a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Conception" title="Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ruggles_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ruggles-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She is celebrated in the liturgical calendar of the Catholic Church on 16 April.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In France, her liturgical celebration is an <a href="/wiki/Memorial_(liturgy)" title="Memorial (liturgy)">optional memorial</a> and is held on February 18,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which commemorates Bernadette's third vision during which the "lady" told her that she does not promise to make her happy in this world, but in the other.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_body_of_Bernadette_Soubirous">The body of Bernadette Soubirous</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernadette_Soubirous&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: The body of Bernadette Soubirous"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nevers_saint_gildard_chap_saint_joseph_04.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Nevers_saint_gildard_chap_saint_joseph_04.JPG/240px-Nevers_saint_gildard_chap_saint_joseph_04.JPG" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Nevers_saint_gildard_chap_saint_joseph_04.JPG/360px-Nevers_saint_gildard_chap_saint_joseph_04.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Nevers_saint_gildard_chap_saint_joseph_04.JPG/480px-Nevers_saint_gildard_chap_saint_joseph_04.JPG 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>The Chapel of St Joseph, where Bernadette Soubirous was interred for forty years.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bernadette_soubirous_exhumated_1925.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Bernadette_soubirous_exhumated_1925.jpg/240px-Bernadette_soubirous_exhumated_1925.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Bernadette_soubirous_exhumated_1925.jpg/360px-Bernadette_soubirous_exhumated_1925.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Bernadette_soubirous_exhumated_1925.jpg/480px-Bernadette_soubirous_exhumated_1925.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1264" data-file-height="809" /></a><figcaption>Full-body relic of Bernadette Soubirous. The photograph was taken at the last exhumation (18 April 1925). The saint died 46 years before the photo was taken; face and hands are covered with a wax coat.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint_Bernadette%27s_incorrupt_body.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Saint_Bernadette%27s_incorrupt_body.jpg/220px-Saint_Bernadette%27s_incorrupt_body.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Saint_Bernadette%27s_incorrupt_body.jpg/330px-Saint_Bernadette%27s_incorrupt_body.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Saint_Bernadette%27s_incorrupt_body.jpg/440px-Saint_Bernadette%27s_incorrupt_body.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3120" data-file-height="4160" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Reliquary" title="Reliquary">reliquary</a> containing the body of Saint Bernadette Soubirous</figcaption></figure> <p>Bishop Gauthey of Nevers and the Catholic Church <a href="/wiki/Exhumation" class="mw-redirect" title="Exhumation">exhumed</a> the body of Soubirous on 22 September 1909, in the presence of representatives appointed by the postulators of the cause, two doctors and a sister of the community. They claimed that although the <a href="/wiki/Crucifix" title="Crucifix">crucifix</a> in her hand and her <a href="/wiki/Rosary" title="Rosary">rosary</a> had both oxidized, her body appeared <a href="/wiki/Incorruptibility" title="Incorruptibility">incorrupt</a> – preserved from <a href="/wiki/Decomposition" title="Decomposition">decomposition</a>. This was cited as one of the miracles to support her canonization. They washed and reclothed her body before re-burial in the Chapel of St Joseph in a new double casket.<sup id="cite_ref-ewtn.com_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ewtn.com-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The church exhumed the corpse a second time on 3 April 1919, on the occasion of the approval of Bernadette's canonization. Dr. Comte, who examined the body, noted, "The body is practically mummified, covered with patches of mildew and quite a notable layer of salts, which appear to be calcium salts.<span class="nowrap"> </span>[...] The skin has disappeared in some places, but it is still present on most parts of the body."<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Again, the body was returned to the vault of St Joseph's chapel. </p><p>In 1925, the church exhumed the body for a third time. They took <a href="/wiki/Relic" title="Relic">relics</a>, which were sent to Rome. A precise imprint of the face was molded to make a wax mask based on the imprints and on some genuine photos to be placed on her body. This was common practice for relics in France as it was feared that the blackish tinge to the face and the sunken eyes and nose would be viewed as corruption by the public. Imprints of the hands were also taken for the presentation of the body and the making of wax casts. The remains were then placed in a gold and <a href="/wiki/Crystal" title="Crystal">crystal</a> reliquary in the Chapel of Saint Bernadette at the main church of the convent <sup id="cite_ref-ewtn.com_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ewtn.com-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Three years later in 1928, Doctor Comte published a report on the third exhumation of Soubirous in the second issue of the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Bulletin de l'Association medicale de Notre-Dame de Lourdes</i></span>. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I would have liked to open the left side of the <a href="/wiki/Thorax" title="Thorax">thorax</a> to take the ribs as relics and then remove the heart which I am certain must have survived. However, as the trunk was slightly supported on the left arm, it would have been rather difficult to try and get at the heart without doing too much noticeable damage. As the Mother Superior had expressed a desire for the Saint's heart to be kept together with the whole body, and as Monsignor the Bishop did not insist, I gave up the idea of opening the left-hand side of the thorax and contented myself with removing the two right ribs which were more accessible.<span class="nowrap"> </span>[...] What struck me during this examination, of course, was the state of perfect preservation of the skeleton, the fibrous tissues of the muscles (still supple and firm), of the ligaments, and of the skin, and above all the totally unexpected state of the liver after 46 years. One would have thought that this organ, which is basically soft and inclined to crumble, would have decomposed very rapidly or would have hardened to a chalky consistency. Yet, when it was cut it was soft and almost normal in consistency. I pointed this out to those present, remarking that this did not seem to be a natural phenomenon.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In 1970, the convent at Nevers was converted into a pilgrimage centre dedicated to Soubirous, run by volunteers and a few sisters and known as <a href="/wiki/Espace_Bernadette_Soubirous_Nevers" title="Espace Bernadette Soubirous Nevers">Espace Bernadette Soubirous Nevers</a>. </p><p>In the spring of 2015, the town of Lourdes lobbied for Soubirous's remains to be returned to Lourdes, a move opposed by the city of Nevers.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Minor_relics">Minor relics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernadette_Soubirous&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Minor relics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_of_Our_Lady_of_Lourdes" title="Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes">Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes</a> has a few bodily relics which traveled in several European dioceses from 2017 to be exposed for the veneration of people.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019, a new reliquary was built for the travel of the relics.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2022, the reliquary visited the United States and the United Kingdom. The relics first traveled to the United States from April to August 2022, visiting around thirty dioceses.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September and October 2022, the relics where exposed in around fifty places in England, Scotland, and Wales, including in the <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Cathedral" title="Westminster Cathedral">Westminster Cathedral</a> and at the <a href="/wiki/Carfin_Grotto" title="Carfin Grotto">Carfin Lourdes Grotto</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Places">Places</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernadette_Soubirous&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Places"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The town of <a href="/wiki/Lourdes" title="Lourdes">Lourdes</a> where Bernadette grew up and had her visions has become a major international pilgrimage site attracting millions of visitors each year. Several churches and infrastructures were built around the cave where the apparitions occurred, forming together the <a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_of_Our_Lady_of_Lourdes" title="Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes">Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes</a>. The sanctuary is reputed for the <a href="/wiki/Lourdes_water" title="Lourdes water">Lourdes water</a> streaming inside the cave from a spring discovered by Bernadette during the apparitions, which is said to have healing properties, attracting many sick pilgrims. The most recent church in the sanctuary is the St. Bernadette Church, completed in 1988.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sanctuary also has a museum called the St. Bernadette Museum, dedicated to the history of the apparitions.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the city center of Lourdes, pilgrims can visit the house where Bernadette was born and the room where her family was staying at the time of the apparitions.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%8Ele_Saint-Bernard_(4).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/%C3%8Ele_Saint-Bernard_%284%29.jpg/250px-%C3%8Ele_Saint-Bernard_%284%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/%C3%8Ele_Saint-Bernard_%284%29.jpg/375px-%C3%8Ele_Saint-Bernard_%284%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/%C3%8Ele_Saint-Bernard_%284%29.jpg/500px-%C3%8Ele_Saint-Bernard_%284%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5312" data-file-height="2988" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lourdes_grotto" title="Lourdes grotto">Lourdes grotto</a> in <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Hundreds of <a href="/wiki/Lourdes_grotto" title="Lourdes grotto">Lourdes grottos</a> were built all over the world after the apparitions to allow believers to venerate <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Lourdes" title="Our Lady of Lourdes">Our Lady of Lourdes</a> in their own countries, specially those who could not afford to make the expensive and long trip to Lourdes. These replicas of the original cave where the apparitions occurred recreate the scenes of the apparitions, usually with a statue of Our Lady of Lourdes in a niche and a statue of Bernadette on her knees and praying or holding a candle. </p><p>The Espace Bernadette Soubirous Nevers, is dedicated to her memory. This is where her body has been kept after her death. Her body is now exposed for the veneration of visitors. The city of Nevers also has a museum dedicated to the life of Bernadette, called the "Bernadette Museum".<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Numerous churches, shrines and Catholic schools are named after St. Bernadette all over the world. The first church in Europe to be dedicated to her was the Church of Our Lady of Victories and St Bernadette at <a href="/wiki/Ensbury_Park" title="Ensbury Park">Ensbury Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bournemouth" title="Bournemouth">Bournemouth</a>, southwest England: it was under construction at the time of her canonisation and opened in 1934.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Depictions">Depictions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernadette_Soubirous&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Depictions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In 1909, the French short movie <i>Bernadette Soubirous et les Apparitions de Lourdes</i>, directed by Honoré Le Sablais,<sup id="cite_ref-lasemainedespyrenees_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lasemainedespyrenees-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the first attempt to tell with the new cinematographic art the story of Bernadette, according to the <a href="/wiki/RAI_3" class="mw-redirect" title="RAI 3">RAI 3</a> documentary <i>Lourdes. La storia</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 1935, the Portuguese Georges Pallu directed <i>La Vierge du rocher</i> ("The Virgin of the Rock") with Micheline Masson in the role of Bernadette.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 1941, Soubirous's life was given a fictionalized treatment in <a href="/wiki/Franz_Werfel" title="Franz Werfel">Franz Werfel</a>'s 1941 novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Song_of_Bernadette_(novel)" title="The Song of Bernadette (novel)">The Song of Bernadette</a></i></li> <li>In 1943, director <a href="/wiki/Henry_King_(director)" title="Henry King (director)">Henry King</a> adapted Werfel's novel into a <a href="/wiki/The_Song_of_Bernadette_(film)" title="The Song of Bernadette (film)">film of the same name</a>, starring <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Jones" title="Jennifer Jones">Jennifer Jones</a> as Bernadette and the uncredited <a href="/wiki/Linda_Darnell" title="Linda Darnell">Linda Darnell</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Conception" title="Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a>. Jones won the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Actress" title="Academy Award for Best Actress">Best Actress</a> <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award">Oscar</a> for this portrayal.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On 13 October 1958, the <a href="/wiki/Westinghouse_Desilu_Playhouse" title="Westinghouse Desilu Playhouse">Westinghouse Desilu Playhouse</a> presented <i>Song of Bernadette</i> on the <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a> television network starring Italian-born film and television actress <a href="/wiki/Pier_Angeli" title="Pier Angeli">Pier Angeli</a> as Bernadette Soubirous. The cast also featured <a href="/wiki/Marian_Seldes" title="Marian Seldes">Marian Seldes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Norman_Alden" title="Norman Alden">Norman Alden</a>. The program, hosted by <a href="/wiki/Desi_Arnaz" title="Desi Arnaz">Desi Arnaz</a>, was adapted by Ludi Claire from a story by Margaret Gray Blanton. It was directed by both <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Alswang" title="Ralph Alswang">Ralph Alswang</a> and <a href="/wiki/Claudio_Guzm%C3%A1n" title="Claudio Guzmán">Claudio Guzmán</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 1961, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dani%C3%A8le_Ajoret&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Danièle Ajoret (page does not exist)">Danièle Ajoret</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dani%C3%A8le_Ajoret" class="extiw" title="fr:Danièle Ajoret">fr</a>]</span> portrayed Bernadette in <i>Bernadette of Lourdes</i> (French title: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Il_suffit_d%27aimer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Il suffit d'aimer (page does not exist)">Il suffit d'aimer</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Il_suffit_d%27aimer" class="extiw" title="fr:Il suffit d'aimer">fr</a>]</span></i> or <i>Love is Enough</i>) of <a href="/wiki/Robert_Dar%C3%A8ne" title="Robert Darène">Robert Darène</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 1961, the German TV movie <i>Bernadette Soubirous</i> directed by <a href="/wiki/Hans_Quest" title="Hans Quest">Hans Quest</a> and starring <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kornelia_Boje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kornelia Boje (page does not exist)">Kornelia Boje</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kornelia_Boje" class="extiw" title="de:Kornelia Boje">de</a>]</span>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cristina_Galb%C3%B3" title="Cristina Galbó">Cristina Galbó</a> portrayed <i>Aquella joven de blanco</i> (<i>A Little Maiden in White</i>), Spain, 1965, directed by <a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3n_Klimovsky" title="León Klimovsky">León Klimovsky</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>In 1967, a French TV movie <i>L'affaire Lourdes</i> directed by <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Bluwal" title="Marcel Bluwal">Marcel Bluwal</a> and starring <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie-H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne_Breillat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marie-Hélène Breillat (page does not exist)">Marie-Hélène Breillat</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie-H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne_Breillat" class="extiw" title="fr:Marie-Hélène Breillat">fr</a>]</span> as Bernadette.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>In 1972, the rock band Yes released 'Close to the Edge' where the lyrics for the "I get up" section were based on the visions of Bernadette.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 1981, <a href="/wiki/Andrea_del_Boca" title="Andrea del Boca">Andrea del Boca</a> portrayed Bernadette in an eponymous Argentine television mini-series directed by her father Nicolás del Boca<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (4 episodes of 1 hour each).<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernadette_(film,_1988)" class="extiw" title="fr:Bernadette (film, 1988)">Bernadette</a></i> in 1988 and its sequel <i><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Passion_de_Bernadette" class="extiw" title="fr:La Passion de Bernadette">La Passion de Bernadette</a></i> (<i>The Passion of Bernadette</i>) in 1990 by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Delannoy" title="Jean Delannoy">Jean Delannoy</a>, starring <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Penny" title="Sydney Penny">Sydney Penny</a> in the lead role.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 1990, the musical Bernadette (Hughes and Hughes) ran for three and a half weeks at the Dominion Theatre, Tottenham Court Road, London. It was directed by <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Maxin" title="Ernest Maxin">Ernest Maxin</a>.</li> <li>In 1990, Fernando Uribe and Steven Hahn directed a short animated film, <i>Bernadette: La Princesa de Lourdes</i>, produced by John Williams and Jorge Gonzalez, available in English since 1991 with the title <i>Bernadette – The Princess of Lourdes</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Angèle Osinsky portrayed Saint Bernadette in the Italian TV movie <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lourdes_(2000_film)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lourdes (2000 film) (page does not exist)">Lourdes</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lourdes_(miniserie_televisiva)" class="extiw" title="it:Lourdes (miniserie televisiva)">it</a>]</span></i>, 2000, by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lodovico_Gasparini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lodovico Gasparini (page does not exist)">Lodovico Gasparini</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lodovico_Gasparini" class="extiw" title="it:Lodovico Gasparini">it</a>]</span>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>In 2002, the musical <i>Vision</i> by Jonathan Smith and Dominic Hartley, depicting the life of Bernadette, debuted in Liverpool. It has been performed in the UK, France, and Nigeria.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2007, the Indian film <i>Our Lady of Lourdes</i> directed by V.R. Gopinath and starring Ajna Noiseux.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2009, <i>Bernadette</i>, an opera in three acts by Trevor Jones. First performance 2016 in Gloucestershire, England.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2011, the French short movie <i>Grotta profunda, les humeurs du gouffre</i> directed by <a href="/wiki/Pauline_Curnier_Jardin" title="Pauline Curnier Jardin">Pauline Curnier Jardin</a> and starring Simon Fravega.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>In 2011, the French film <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Je_m%27appelle_Bernadette&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Je m'appelle Bernadette (page does not exist)">Je m'appelle Bernadette</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Je_m%27appelle_Bernadette" class="extiw" title="fr:Je m'appelle Bernadette">fr</a>]</span></i> directed by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Sagols" title="Jean Sagols">Jean Sagols</a> and starring Katia Cuq (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Katia_Miran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katia Miran (page does not exist)">Katia Miran</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katia_Miran" class="extiw" title="fr:Katia Miran">fr</a>]</span>).</li> <li>In 2013, the French TV movie <i>Une femme nommée Marie</i>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hossein" title="Robert Hossein">Robert Hossein</a> and Dominique Thiel, starring Manon Le Moal.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>In 2013, <i>Bernadette Kaviyam</i>, a book published by Geetham Publications, Chennai. Bernadette's life explained with poetry by Poet C.P.Sivarasan, Mangalakuntu.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>In 2015, "Le Coup de Grâce", an original song about St. Bernadette was published and released on YouTube by American songwriter Orv Pibbs. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mNieSdjLa2s">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mNieSdjLa2s</a></li> <li>In 2023, a new musical, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Song_of_Bernadette_(musical)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Song of Bernadette (musical)">The Song of Bernadette</a></i>, based on Frank Werfel's novel, premiered at the <a href="/wiki/Skylight_Music_Theatre" title="Skylight Music Theatre">Skylight Music Theatre</a> in <a href="/wiki/Milwaukee" title="Milwaukee">Milwaukee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernadette_Soubirous&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes and references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output 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.citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRuggles1999" class="citation book cs1">Ruggles, Robin (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FYftmvdKJmoC"><i>Apparition shrines. Places of pilgrimage and prayer</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saint+Bernadette+Soubirous&rft.date=2016-04-16&rft.aulast=Media&rft.aufirst=Franciscan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.franciscanmedia.org%2Fsaint-bernadette-soubirous%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABernadette+Soubirous" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.upi.com/Top_News/2019/01/07/UPI-Almanac-for-Monday-Jan-7-2019/6991546835238/?ur3=1">"UPI Almanac for Monday, Jan, 7, 2019"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/United_Press_International" title="United Press International">United Press International</a></i>. 7 January 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20190921143309/https://www.upi.com/Top_News/2019/01/07/UPI-Almanac-for-Monday-Jan-7-2019/6991546835238/?ur3=1">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2019</span>. <q>Marie-Bernarde Soubirous, who became St. Bernadette and whose visions led to the foundation of the shrine at Lourdes, France, in 1844</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=United+Press+International&rft.atitle=UPI+Almanac+for+Monday%2C+Jan%2C+7%2C+2019&rft.date=2019-01-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FTop_News%2F2019%2F01%2F07%2FUPI-Almanac-for-Monday-Jan-7-2019%2F6991546835238%2F%3Fur3%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABernadette+Soubirous" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-crawley-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-crawley_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-crawley_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-crawley_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-crawley_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ewtn.com/library/MARY/BERNADET.HTM">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Saint Bernadette Soubirous", <i>Lives of Saints</i>, John J. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Saint+Bernadette+Soubirous%22%2C+Lives+of+Saints%2C+John+J.+Crawley+%26+Co.%2C+Inc.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ewtn.com%2Flibrary%2FMARY%2FBERNADET.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABernadette+Soubirous" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor200342-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor200342_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaylor2003">Taylor (2003)</a>, p. 42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor200359–60-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor200359–60_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaylor2003">Taylor (2003)</a>, pp. 59–60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor200362–63-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor200362–63_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaylor2003">Taylor (2003)</a>, pp. 62–63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor200368–69-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor200368–69_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaylor2003">Taylor (2003)</a>, pp. 68–69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor200384-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor200384_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaylor2003">Taylor (2003)</a>, p. 84.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bio-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bio_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bio_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bio_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biographyonline.net/spiritual/bernadette-soubirious.html">"Biography of Bernadette Soubirous"</a>. <i>Biography Online</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biography+Online&rft.atitle=Biography+of+Bernadette+Soubirous&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biographyonline.net%2Fspiritual%2Fbernadette-soubirious.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABernadette+Soubirous" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor200388–90-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor200388–90_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaylor2003">Taylor (2003)</a>, pp. 88–90.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris19998-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris19998_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHarris1999">Harris (1999)</a>, p. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSantuário_de_Fátima2013" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Santuário de Fátima (2013). <i>Documentação Crítica de Fátima: seleção de documentos (1917–1930)</i> [<i>Critical documentation of Fatima: selection of documents (1917-1930)</i>] (in Portuguese). Santuário de Fátima. pp. 30–33, 48, 53, 56, 67–69, 78–87, 102–103, 116–124, 164, 173, 178–179, 234–235, 534–535. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-972-8213-91-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-972-8213-91-6"><bdi>978-972-8213-91-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Documenta%C3%A7%C3%A3o+Cr%C3%ADtica+de+F%C3%A1tima%3A+sele%C3%A7%C3%A3o+de+documentos+%281917%E2%80%931930%29&rft.pages=30-33%2C+48%2C+53%2C+56%2C+67-69%2C+78-87%2C+102-103%2C+116-124%2C+164%2C+173%2C+178-179%2C+234-235%2C+534-535&rft.pub=Santu%C3%A1rio+de+F%C3%A1tima&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-972-8213-91-6&rft.au=Santu%C3%A1rio+de+F%C3%A1tima&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABernadette+Soubirous" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris199972–74-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris199972–74_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHarris1999">Harris (1999)</a>, pp. 72–74.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210520101824/https://www.lourdes-france.org/en/how-do-we-recognise-a-lourdes-miracle/">"How do we recognise the 70th miracle of Lourdes"</a>. <i>www.lourdes-france.org</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.lourdes-france.org&rft.atitle=How+do+we+recognise+the+70th+miracle+of+Lourdes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lourdes-france.org%2Fen%2Fhow-do-we-recognise-a-lourdes-miracle%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABernadette+Soubirous" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714150450/http://en.lourdes-france.org/deepen/cures-and-miracles/miraculous-cures-in-lourdes">"Miraculous cures in Lourdes"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Miraculous+cures+in+Lourdes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.lourdes-france.org%2Fdeepen%2Fcures-and-miracles%2Fmiraculous-cures-in-lourdes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABernadette+Soubirous" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvon_Huben2015" class="citation web cs1">von Huben, Ellyn (11 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wordonfire.org/resources/blog/10-things-to-know-about-our-lady-of-lourdes-and-st-bernadette/2209/">"10 Things to Know About Our Lady of Lourdes and St Bernadette"</a>. <i>Word on Fire</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Word+on+Fire&rft.atitle=10+Things+to+Know+About+Our+Lady+of+Lourdes+and+St+Bernadette&rft.date=2015-02-11&rft.aulast=von+Huben&rft.aufirst=Ellyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wordonfire.org%2Fresources%2Fblog%2F10-things-to-know-about-our-lady-of-lourdes-and-st-bernadette%2F2209%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABernadette+Soubirous" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Statistica.com <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statista.com/statistics/1117729/number-pilgrims-lourdes/">Number of pilgrims in Lourdes each year</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-snddl-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-snddl_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-snddl_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-snddl_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150909150027/http://en.lourdes-france.org/deepen/bernadette-soubirous/religious-life">"Religious life"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Religious+life&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.lourdes-france.org%2Fdeepen%2Fbernadette-soubirous%2Freligious-life&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABernadette+Soubirous" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcEachern2005" class="citation book cs1">McEachern, Patricia (2005). <i>A Holy Life": The Writings of St. Bernadette</i>. San Francisco: Ignatius Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Holy+Life%22%3A+The+Writings+of+St.+Bernadette&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.pub=Ignatius+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=McEachern&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABernadette+Soubirous" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFr._Paolo_O._Pirlo,_SHMI1997" class="citation book cs1">Fr. Paolo O. Pirlo, SHMI (1997). "Our Lady of Lourdes". <i>My First Book of Saints</i>. 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London: <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>. p. 170. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-22503-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-22503-7"><bdi>978-0-300-22503-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hampshire%3A+South&rft.place=London&rft.series=The+Buildings+of+England&rft.pages=170&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0-300-22503-7&rft.aulast=O%27Brien&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.au=Bailey%2C+Bruce&rft.au=Pevsner%2C+Nikolaus&rft.au=Lloyd%2C+David+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABernadette+Soubirous" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lasemainedespyrenees-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lasemainedespyrenees_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuiz2008" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ruiz, Christophe (8 October 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141129045131/http://www.lasemainedespyrenees.fr/article/08/10/2008/cinema--un-festival-lourdes-au-cinema/704">"Cinéma: Un festival "Lourdes au cinéma"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>La Semaine des Pyrénées</i> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lasemainedespyrenees.fr/article/08/10/2008/cinema--un-festival-lourdes-au-cinema/704">the original</a> on 29 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Semaine+des+Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es&rft.atitle=Cin%C3%A9ma%3A+Un+festival+%22Lourdes+au+cin%C3%A9ma%22&rft.date=2008-10-08&rft.aulast=Ruiz&rft.aufirst=Christophe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lasemainedespyrenees.fr%2Farticle%2F08%2F10%2F2008%2Fcinema--un-festival-lourdes-au-cinema%2F704&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABernadette+Soubirous" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.google.com/search?q=%22Bernadette+Soubirous+et+les+Apparitions+de+Lourdes%22%22Honoré+Le+Sablais%22+film+1909+-wikipedia&num=100&safe=off&filter=0&biw=1440&bih=695">occurrences</a> on Google.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lnx.tonyassante.com/wordpress/rai-3-lourdes-la-storia.html">RAI 3 – <i>Lourdes. La storia</i></a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cinema-francais.fr/les_films/films_p/films_pallu_georges/la_vierge_du_rocher.htm">"La Vierge du rocher", Le Cinema Francais</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1944">Experience over nine decades of the Oscars from 1927 to 2024</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/87713908/victoria-advocate/">"Pier Angeli To Star In Story of Miracle"</a>. <i>Victoria Advocate</i>. Victoria, TX. 12 October 1958<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Victoria+Advocate&rft.atitle=Pier+Angeli+To+Star+In+Story+of+Miracle&rft.date=1958-10-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F87713908%2Fvictoria-advocate%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABernadette+Soubirous" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.notrecinema.com/images/filmsi/il-suffit-d-aimer_440212_24332.jpg">Theatrical poster</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristophe_Ruiz2021" class="citation web cs1">Christophe Ruiz (21 October 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304080658/http://www.lasemainedespyrenees.fr/2008/10/08/cinema-un-festival-lourdes-au-cinema/704/">"Cinéma: Un festival "Lourdes au cinéma"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lasemainedespyrenees.fr/2008/10/08/cinema-un-festival-lourdes-au-cinema/704/">the original</a> on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cin%C3%A9ma%3A+Un+festival+%22Lourdes+au+cin%C3%A9ma%22&rft.date=2021-10-21&rft.au=Christophe+Ruiz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lasemainedespyrenees.fr%2F2008%2F10%2F08%2Fcinema-un-festival-lourdes-au-cinema%2F704%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABernadette+Soubirous" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E-2t2Y8Ao0Y">"Vie de Ste Bernadette (Vieux film)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></i>. 30 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Vie+de+Ste+Bernadette+%28Vieux+film%29&rft.date=2018-10-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DE-2t2Y8Ao0Y&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABernadette+Soubirous" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Env7ShS2_FA">"Steve Howe (Interview): Close to the Edge | Joining the Stones | Jethro Tull's Prog Parody"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></i>. 5 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Steve+Howe+%28Interview%29%3A+Close+to+the+Edge+%26%23124%3B+Joining+the+Stones+%26%23124%3B+Jethro+Tull%27s+Prog+Parody&rft.date=2022-05-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DEnv7ShS2_FA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABernadette+Soubirous" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131112040111/http://www.nuestrosactores.com.ar/index.php/component/content/article/25-programas/2080-los-especiales-de-atc-1981">"Los especiales de ATC"</a> (in Spanish). 1981. Archived from the original on 12 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Los+especiales+de+ATC&rft.date=1981&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nuestrosactores.com.ar%2Findex.php%2Fcomponent%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F25-programas%2F2080-los-especiales-de-atc-1981&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABernadette+Soubirous" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130416162119/http://www.delboca.net/tele.html">"Forever Andrea Television"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.delboca.net/tele.html">the original</a> on 16 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Forever+Andrea+Television&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.delboca.net%2Ftele.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABernadette+Soubirous" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://i664.photobucket.com/albums/vv9/francomac123/Travail%20en%20cours/Travail%20par%20albums%202/Delannoy-1987-Bernadette/bernadette_aff_2.jpg">Theatrical poster</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/33148214">VHS tape</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dove.org/reviewpopup.asp?Unique_ID=475">DVD Release</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131029203259/http://www.dove.org/reviewpopup.asp?Unique_ID=475">Archived</a> 29 October 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBroadcast_Productions2016" class="citation web cs1">Broadcast Productions (7 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304065346/http://www.visionthemusical.co.uk/home.html">"Home"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visionthemusical.co.uk/home.html">the original</a> on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Home&rft.date=2016-01-07&rft.au=Broadcast+Productions&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visionthemusical.co.uk%2Fhome.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABernadette+Soubirous" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cfdb.owmconsulting.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/Our-Lady-of-Lourdes-Christian-MovieFilm-DVD.jpg">DVD poster</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151003210436/http://cfdb.owmconsulting.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/Our-Lady-of-Lourdes-Christian-MovieFilm-DVD.jpg">Archived</a> 3 October 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pcto.webeden.co.uk">Official website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160827024544/http://www.pcto.webeden.co.uk/">Archived</a> 27 August 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221105002420/https://www.skylightmusictheatre.org/upcoming-shows-events/the-song-of-bernadette/">"The Song of Bernadette"</a>. <i>Skylight Music Theatre</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.skylightmusictheatre.org/upcoming-shows-events/the-song-of-bernadette/">the original</a> on 5 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Skylight+Music+Theatre&rft.atitle=The+Song+of+Bernadette&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.skylightmusictheatre.org%2Fupcoming-shows-events%2Fthe-song-of-bernadette%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABernadette+Soubirous" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernadette_Soubirous&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Harris_(historian)" title="Ruth Harris (historian)">Harris, Ruth</a> (1999). <i>Lourdes: body and spirit in the secular age</i>. Viking. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-670-87905-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-670-87905-3"><bdi>0-670-87905-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lourdes%3A+body+and+spirit+in+the+secular+age&rft.pub=Viking&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-670-87905-3&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Ruth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABernadette+Soubirous" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeremiah2012" class="citation book cs1">Jeremiah, Ken (2012). <i>Christian Mummification: An Interpretative History of the Preservation of Saints, Martyrs and Others</i>. McFarland & Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christian+Mummification%3A+An+Interpretative+History+of+the+Preservation+of+Saints%2C+Martyrs+and+Others&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Company&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Jeremiah&rft.aufirst=Ken&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABernadette+Soubirous" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcEachern2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patricia_McEachhern&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patricia McEachhern (page does not exist)">McEachern, Patricia</a> (2005). <i>A Holy Life: St. Bernadette of Lourdes</i>. Ignatius. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58617-116-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58617-116-2"><bdi>978-1-58617-116-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Holy+Life%3A+St.+Bernadette+of+Lourdes&rft.pub=Ignatius&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-58617-116-2&rft.aulast=McEachern&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABernadette+Soubirous" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuggles1999" class="citation book cs1">Ruggles, Robin (1999). <i>Apparition shrine Places of pilgrimage and prayer</i>. Pauline Books & Media. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8198-4799-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8198-4799-2"><bdi>0-8198-4799-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Apparition+shrine+Places+of+pilgrimage+and+prayer&rft.pub=Pauline+Books+%26+Media&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-8198-4799-2&rft.aulast=Ruggles&rft.aufirst=Robin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABernadette+Soubirous" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor2003" class="citation book cs1">Taylor, Thérèse (2003). <i>Bernadette of Lourdes</i>. Burns and Oates. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86012-337-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-86012-337-5"><bdi>0-86012-337-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bernadette+of+Lourdes&rft.pub=Burns+and+Oates&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-86012-337-5&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABernadette+Soubirous" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernadette_Soubirous&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><i>The Story of Bernadette</i> (Rev. J.I. Lane), 1997</li> <li><i>The Happening at Lourdes</i> (Alan Neame), 1967</li> <li>Clarke, SJ, Richard. <i>Lourdes: Its Inhabitants, Its Pilgrims, and Its Miracles</i>, 1888</li> <li><i>Lourdes</i> (Émile Zola), 1895 (German)</li> <li><i>Our Lady of Lourdes</i> (Henri Lasserre), June 1906 (English)</li> <li><i>Bernadette of Lourdes</i>, St. Gildard, Nevers, France, 1926</li> <li><i>The Wonder of Lourdes</i> (John Oxenham), 1926</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Werfel" title="Franz Werfel">Franz Werfel</a>, <i>The Song of Bernadette</i>, 1941</li> <li><i>After Bernadette</i> (Don Sharkey), 1945</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edwardtbabinski.us/essays/miracle_lourdes.html">"The Miracle Joint at Lourdes"</a>, from <i>Essays</i> by Woolsey Teller, Copyright 1945 by The Truth Seeker Company, Inc. Critique of the Lourdes story.</li> <li><i>A Queen's Command</i> (Anna Kuhn), 1947</li> <li><i>My Witness, Bernadette</i> (J.B. Estrade), 1951</li> <li><i>Das Lied von Bernadette</i> (Franz Werfel), 1953 (German)</li> <li><i>We Saw Her</i> (B.G. Sandhurst), 1953</li> <li>Keyes, Frances Parkinson. <i>Bernadette of Lourdes</i>, 1955</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrochu1957" class="citation book cs1">Trochu, Francois, Abbe (1957). <i>Saint Bernadette Soubirous: 1844–1879</i>. Rockford IL: TAN Books and Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89555-253-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-89555-253-1"><bdi>0-89555-253-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saint+Bernadette+Soubirous%3A+1844%E2%80%931879&rft.place=Rockford+IL&rft.pub=TAN+Books+and+Publishers&rft.date=1957&rft.isbn=0-89555-253-1&rft.aulast=Trochu&rft.aufirst=Francois%2C+Abbe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABernadette+Soubirous" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></li> <li><i>The Miracle of Bernadette</i> (Margaret Gray Blanton), 1958</li> <li><i>Bernadette</i> (<a href="/wiki/Marcelle_Auclair" title="Marcelle Auclair">Marcelle Auclair</a>), 1958</li> <li><i>And I Shall Be Healed</i> (Edeltraud Fulda), 1960</li> <li><i>Saint Bernadette</i> (Margaret Trouncer), 1964</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Magazines_and_articles">Magazines and articles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernadette_Soubirous&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Magazines and articles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>L'Illustration Journal Universal</i>: Story covering Bernadette and apparitions from time of apparitions (23 October 1858)</li> <li><i>Harpers Weekly</i>: The Last French Miracle (20 November 1858) – Recounts actual happenings at the time of apparitions</li> <li><i>The Graphic</i>: A Trip to the Pyrenees (12 October 1872)</li> <li><i>Harpers Weekly</i>: French Pilgrims – Romish Superstitions (16 November 1872)</li> <li><i>The Graphic</i>: With the Lourdes Pilgrims (7 October 1876)</li> <li><i>The Illustrated London News</i>: The Conclave & Election of the Pope (9 March 1878)</li> <li><i>L'Opinion Publique</i>: The Funeral of Pope Pius IX (14 March 1878)</li> <li><i>St. Paul Dispatch</i>: Throne of St. Peter Made Vacant by the Death of Pope Leo XIII, (21 July 1903)</li> <li><i>St. Paul Dispatch</i>: Cardinal Sarto (St. Pope Pius X) of Venice Called to Throne of St. Peter, (5 August 1903)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernadette_Soubirous&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bernadette_Soubirous" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Bernadette Soubirous">Bernadette Soubirous</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholicpilgrims.com/lourdes/ba_bernadette_intro.htm">The Body of Saint Bernadette</a> – Includes reports of her exhumation and photographs of her body and tomb.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholicpilgrims.com/lourdes/bh_investigation.htm">Notes on the Investigation</a>, including facsimile of notes taken during an interview with Bernadette</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09389b.htm">Catholic Encyclopedia: Notre-Dame de Lourdes</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/authors/OL4933436A">Works by Bernadette Soubirous</a> at <a href="/wiki/Open_Library" title="Open Library">Open Library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lourdes-france.org/en/bernadette-soubirous">Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Marian_apparition" title="Marian apparition">Apparitions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lourdes_apparitions" title="Lourdes apparitions">Lourdes apparitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lourdes_water" title="Lourdes water">Lourdes water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Conception" title="Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Our_Lady_of_Lourdes_-_Grotto_of_Lourdes_-_Lourdes_2014_(2).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Our_Lady_of_Lourdes_-_Grotto_of_Lourdes_-_Lourdes_2014_%282%29.JPG/80px-Our_Lady_of_Lourdes_-_Grotto_of_Lourdes_-_Lourdes_2014_%282%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Our_Lady_of_Lourdes_-_Grotto_of_Lourdes_-_Lourdes_2014_%282%29.JPG/120px-Our_Lady_of_Lourdes_-_Grotto_of_Lourdes_-_Lourdes_2014_%282%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Our_Lady_of_Lourdes_-_Grotto_of_Lourdes_-_Lourdes_2014_%282%29.JPG/160px-Our_Lady_of_Lourdes_-_Grotto_of_Lourdes_-_Lourdes_2014_%282%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="3072" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bernadette Soubirous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominique_Peyramale" title="Dominique Peyramale">Dominique Peyramale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Therese_Vauzou" title="Marie Therese Vauzou">Marie Therese Vauzou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_of_Our_Lady_of_Lourdes" title="Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes">Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Our_Lady_of_the_Immaculate_Conception" title="Basilica of Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception">Basilica of Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_St._Pius_X" title="Basilica of St. Pius X">Basilica of St. Pius X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosary_Basilica" title="Rosary Basilica">Rosary Basilica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lourdes_grotto" title="Lourdes grotto">Lourdes grotto replicas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Lourdes_(K%C4%81piti_Coast)" title="Our Lady of Lourdes (Kāpiti Coast)"><i>Our Lady of Lourdes</i> (Kāpiti Coast)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lourdes_Medical_Bureau" title="Lourdes Medical Bureau">Lourdes Medical Bureau</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_p%C3%A8lerinage_de_Lourdes" title="Le pèlerinage de Lourdes">Le pèlerinage de Lourdes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Song_of_Bernadette_(novel)" title="The Song of Bernadette (novel)">The Song of Bernadette</a></i> (1941 novel)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Song_of_Bernadette_(film)" title="The Song of Bernadette (film)">The Song of Bernadette</a></i> (1943 film)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Village_of_St._Bernadette_(song)" title="The Village of St. Bernadette (song)">The Village of St. Bernadette</a>" (1959 song)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lourdes_(2009_film)" title="Lourdes (2009 film)">Lourdes</a></i> (2009 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Mary" title="Immaculate Mary">Lourdes Hymn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wax_Museum_of_Lourdes" title="Wax Museum of Lourdes">Wax Museum of Lourdes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="background-color:gold"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Saints_of_the_Catholic_Church" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Catholic_saints" title="Template:Catholic saints"><abbr title="View this 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href="/wiki/The_Venerable#Christianity" title="The Venerable">Venerable</a>   →   <a href="/wiki/Beatification" title="Beatification">Blessed</a>   →   <a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">Saint</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_Mary_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church">Virgin Mary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Mother of God (Theotokos)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Conception" title="Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_virginity_of_Mary" title="Perpetual virginity of Mary">Perpetual virginity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary" title="Assumption of Mary">Assumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_apparition" title="Marian apparition">Marian apparition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titles_of_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Titles of Mary">Titles of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph (husband)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_the_Apostle" title="Andrew the Apostle">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnabas" title="Barnabas">Barnabas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartholomew_the_Apostle" title="Bartholomew the Apostle">Bartholomew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James,_son_of_Alphaeus" title="James, son of Alphaeus">James of Alphaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_the_Great" title="James the Great">James the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jude_the_Apostle" title="Jude the Apostle">Jude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_the_Apostle" title="Matthew the Apostle">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_the_Apostle" title="Matthias the Apostle">Matthias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Apostle" title="Philip the Apostle">Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_the_Zealot" title="Simon the Zealot">Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Thomas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Archangel" title="Archangel">Archangels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_(archangel)" title="Michael (archangel)">Michael</a>  <a href="/wiki/Saint_Michael_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Saint Michael in the Catholic Church">in the Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_(archangel)" title="Raphael (archangel)">Raphael</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Confessor_of_the_Faith" title="Confessor of the Faith">Confessors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolius_of_Laodicea" title="Anatolius of Laodicea">Anatolius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_of_Kiev" title="Anthony of Kiev">Anthony of Kiev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chariton_the_Confessor" title="Chariton the Confessor">Chariton the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Dominic" title="Saint Dominic">Dominic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Confessor" title="Edward the Confessor">Edward the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi" title="Francis of Assisi">Francis of Assisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Borgia" title="Francis Borgia">Francis Borgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Homobonus" title="Saint Homobonus">Homobonus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazarus_Zographos" title="Lazarus Zographos">Lazarus Zographos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Bertrand_(saint)" title="Louis Bertrand (saint)">Louis Bertrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_the_Confessor" title="Maximus the Confessor">Maximus the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_of_Synnada" title="Michael of Synnada">Michael of Synnada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paphnutius_of_Thebes" title="Paphnutius of Thebes">Paphnutius the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_I_of_Constantinople" title="Paul I of Constantinople">Paul I of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Claver" title="Peter Claver">Peter Claver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salonius" title="Salonius">Salonius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergius_of_Radonezh" title="Sergius of Radonezh">Sergius of Radonezh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophanes_the_Confessor" title="Theophanes the Confessor">Theophanes the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padre_Pio" title="Padre Pio">Pio of Pietrelcina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Disciple_(Christianity)" title="Disciple (Christianity)">Disciples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollos" title="Apollos">Apollos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Bethany" title="Mary of Bethany">Mary of Bethany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priscilla_and_Aquila" title="Priscilla and Aquila">Priscilla and Aquila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silas" title="Silas">Silvanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Stephen" title="Saint Stephen">Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Timothy" title="Saint Timothy">Timothy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Titus" title="Saint Titus">Titus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventy_disciples" title="Seventy disciples">Seventy disciples</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_the_Church" title="Doctor of the Church">Doctors of the Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Gregory the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose" title="Ambrose">Ambrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">John Chrysostom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_of_Caesarea" title="Basil of Caesarea">Basil of Caesarea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nazianzus" title="Gregory of Nazianzus">Gregory of Nazianzus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Alexandria" title="Cyril of Alexandria">Cyril of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Jerusalem" title="Cyril of Jerusalem">Cyril of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Damascus" title="John of Damascus">John of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bede" title="Bede">Bede the Venerable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephrem_the_Syrian" title="Ephrem the Syrian">Ephrem the Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonaventure" title="Bonaventure">Bonaventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anselm_of_Canterbury" title="Anselm of Canterbury">Anselm of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidore_of_Seville" title="Isidore of Seville">Isidore of Seville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Chrysologus" title="Peter Chrysologus">Peter Chrysologus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_I" title="Pope Leo I">Leo the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Damian" title="Peter Damian">Peter Damian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_of_Clairvaux" title="Bernard of Clairvaux">Bernard of Clairvaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilary_of_Poitiers" title="Hilary of Poitiers">Hilary of Poitiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonsus_Liguori" title="Alphonsus Liguori">Alphonsus Liguori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_de_Sales" title="Francis de Sales">Francis de Sales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Canisius" title="Peter Canisius">Peter Canisius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_the_Cross" title="John of the Cross">John of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bellarmine" title="Robert Bellarmine">Robert Bellarmine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albertus_Magnus" title="Albertus Magnus">Albertus Magnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_of_Padua" title="Anthony of Padua">Anthony of Padua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_of_Brindisi" title="Lawrence of Brindisi">Lawrence of Brindisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_of_%C3%81vila" title="Teresa of Ávila">Teresa of Ávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Siena" title="Catherine of Siena">Catherine of Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_of_Lisieux" title="Thérèse of Lisieux">Thérèse of Lisieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_%C3%81vila" title="John of Ávila">John of Ávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildegard_of_Bingen" title="Hildegard of Bingen">Hildegard of Bingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Narek" title="Gregory of Narek">Gregory of Narek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Four_Evangelists" title="Four Evangelists">Evangelists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_the_Apostle" title="Matthew the Apostle">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_the_Evangelist" title="Mark the Evangelist">Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_the_Evangelist" title="Luke the Evangelist">Luke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Evangelist" title="John the Evangelist">John</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church<br />Fathers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_I_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Alexander I of Alexandria">Alexander of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_of_Jerusalem" title="Alexander of Jerusalem">Alexander of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose" title="Ambrose">Ambrose of Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolius_of_Laodicea" title="Anatolius of Laodicea">Anatolius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesarius_of_Arles" title="Caesarius of Arles">Caesarius of Arles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caius_(presbyter)" title="Caius (presbyter)">Caius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappadocian_Fathers" title="Cappadocian Fathers">Cappadocian Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Alexandria" title="Clement of Alexandria">Clement of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Rome" title="Clement of Rome">Clement of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprian" title="Cyprian">Cyprian of Carthage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Alexandria" title="Cyril of Alexandria">Cyril of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Jerusalem" title="Cyril of Jerusalem">Cyril of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Damasus_I" title="Pope Damasus I">Damasus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_Fathers" title="Desert Fathers">Desert Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_Mothers" title="Desert Mothers">Desert Mothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Dionysius_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Dionysius of Alexandria">Dionysius of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysius_of_Corinth" title="Dionysius of Corinth">Dionysius of Corinth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Dionysius" title="Pope Dionysius">Dionysius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephrem_the_Syrian" title="Ephrem the Syrian">Ephrem the Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiphanius_of_Salamis" title="Epiphanius of Salamis">Epiphanius of Salamis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulgentius_of_Ruspe" title="Fulgentius of Ruspe">Fulgentius of Ruspe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Gregory the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nazianzus" title="Gregory of Nazianzus">Gregory of Nazianzus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nyssa" title="Gregory of Nyssa">Gregory of Nyssa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilary_of_Poitiers" title="Hilary of Poitiers">Hilary of Poitiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippolytus_of_Rome" title="Hippolytus of Rome">Hippolytus of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Antioch" title="Ignatius of Antioch">Ignatius of Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus of Lyons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidore_of_Seville" title="Isidore of Seville">Isidore of Seville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome of Stridonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">John Chrysostom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Damascus" title="John of Damascus">John of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_the_Confessor" title="Maximus the Confessor">Maximus the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melito_of_Sardis" title="Melito of Sardis">Melito of Sardis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadratus_of_Athens" title="Quadratus of Athens">Quadratus of Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papias_of_Hierapolis" title="Papias of Hierapolis">Papias of Hierapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Chrysologus" title="Peter Chrysologus">Peter Chrysologus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polycarp" title="Polycarp">Polycarp of Smyrna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophilus_of_Antioch" title="Theophilus of Antioch">Theophilus of Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victorinus_of_Pettau" title="Victorinus of Pettau">Victorinus of Pettau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_of_L%C3%A9rins" title="Vincent of Lérins">Vincent of Lérins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zephyrinus" title="Pope Zephyrinus">Zephyrinus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_martyr" title="Christian martyr">Martyrs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abda_and_Abdisho" title="Abda and Abdisho">Abda and Abdisho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_and_Gleb" title="Boris and Gleb">Boris and Gleb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Foucauld" title="Charles de Foucauld">Charles de Foucauld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Martyrs" title="Canadian Martyrs">Canadian Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carthusian_Martyrs" title="Carthusian Martyrs">Carthusian Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_Martyrs_of_Tlaxcala" title="Child Martyrs of Tlaxcala">Child Martyrs of Tlaxcala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christina_of_Persia" title="Christina of Persia">Christina of Persia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devasahayam_Pillai" title="Devasahayam Pillai">Devasahayam Pillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penitent_thief" title="Penitent thief">Dismas the Good Thief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forty_Martyrs_of_England_and_Wales" title="Forty Martyrs of England and Wales">Forty Martyrs of England and Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Crowned_Martyrs" title="Four Crowned Martyrs">Four Crowned Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_of_Csan%C3%A1d" title="Gerard of Csanád">Gerard of Csanád</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_martyr" title="Great martyr">Great Martyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_the_Innocents" title="Massacre of the Innocents">The Holy Innocents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Catholic_Martyrs" title="Irish Catholic Martyrs">Irish Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fisher" title="John Fisher">John Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Martyrs" title="Korean Martyrs">Korean Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Ruiz" title="Lorenzo Ruiz">Lorenzo Ruiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck_martyrs" title="Lübeck martyrs">Martyrs of Lübeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Versiglia" title="Luigi Versiglia">Luigi Versiglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrology" title="Martyrology">Martyrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Albania" title="Martyrs of Albania">Martyrs of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19_martyrs_of_Algeria" title="19 martyrs of Algeria">Martyrs of Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Cajonos" title="Martyrs of Cajonos">Martyrs of Cajonos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blessed_Martyrs_of_Drina" title="Blessed Martyrs of Drina">Martyrs of Drina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyr_Saints_of_China" title="Martyr Saints of China">Martyrs of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Gorkum" title="Martyrs of Gorkum">Martyrs of Gorkum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Japan" title="Martyrs of Japan">Martyrs of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_kidnapping_and_beheading_of_Copts_in_Libya" title="2015 kidnapping and beheading of Copts in Libya">21 Martyrs of Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_La_Rioja" title="Martyrs of La Rioja">Martyrs of La Rioja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Damascus" title="Martyrs of Damascus">Martyrs of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Laos" title="Martyrs of Laos">Martyrs of Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Natal" title="Martyrs of Natal">Martyrs of Natal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Otranto" title="Martyrs of Otranto">Martyrs of Otranto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Prague" title="Martyrs of Prague">Martyrs of Prague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadok_and_48_Dominican_martyrs_from_Sandomierz" title="Sadok and 48 Dominican martyrs from Sandomierz">Martyrs of Sandomierz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_the_Spanish_Civil_War" title="Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War">Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Zenta" title="Martyrs of Zenta">Martyrs of Zenta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_Kolbe" title="Maximilian Kolbe">Maximilian Kolbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93scar_Romero" title="Óscar Romero">Óscar Romero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Calungsod" title="Pedro Calungsod">Pedro Calungsod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetua_and_Felicity" title="Perpetua and Felicity">Perpetua and Felicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Chanel" title="Peter Chanel">Peter Chanel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Parenzo" title="Pietro Parenzo">Pietro Parenzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philomena" title="Philomena">Philomena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saints_of_the_Cristero_War" title="Saints of the Cristero War">Saints of the Cristero War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Stephen" title="Saint Stephen">Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Stein" title="Edith Stein">Teresa Benedicta of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titus_Brandsma" title="Titus Brandsma">Titus Brandsma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomasian_Martyrs" title="Thomasian Martyrs">17 Thomasian Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Becket" title="Thomas Becket">Thomas Becket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">Thomas More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Martyrs_of_Chimbote" title="Three Martyrs of Chimbote">Three Martyrs of Chimbote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulma_family" title="Ulma family">Ulma Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda_Martyrs" title="Uganda Martyrs">Uganda Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Martyrs" title="Vietnamese Martyrs">Vietnamese Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Valentine" title="Saint Valentine">Valentine of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_and_Corona" title="Victor and Corona">Victor and Corona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanitas_and_Lazarus_of_Persia" title="Zanitas and Lazarus of Persia">Zanitas and Lazarus of Persia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_missions" title="Catholic missions">Missionaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Canterbury" title="Augustine of Canterbury">Augustine of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Boniface" title="Saint Boniface">Boniface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Father_Damien" title="Father Damien">Damien of Molokai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evermode_of_Ratzeburg" title="Evermode of Ratzeburg">Evermode of Ratzeburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Xavier" title="Francis Xavier">Francis Xavier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Laval" title="François de Laval">François de Laval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_the_Illuminator" title="Gregory the Illuminator">Gregory the Illuminator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jun%C3%ADpero_Serra" title="Junípero Serra">Junípero Serra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Nino" title="Saint Nino">Nino of Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick" title="Saint Patrick">Patrick of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Remigius" title="Saint Remigius">Remigius</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">Patriarchs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel" title="Cain and Abel">Abel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac">Isaac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_(Genesis)" title="Joseph (Genesis)">Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph (father of Jesus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Matriarchs_(Bible)" class="mw-redirect" title="Matriarchs (Bible)">Matriarchs</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Popes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Adeodatus_I" title="Pope Adeodatus I">Adeodatus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Adeodatus_II" title="Pope Adeodatus II">Adeodatus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Adrian_III" title="Pope Adrian III">Adrian III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Agapetus_I" title="Pope Agapetus I">Agapetus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Agatho" title="Pope Agatho">Agatho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_I" title="Pope Alexander I">Alexander I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anacletus" title="Pope Anacletus">Anacletus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anastasius_I" title="Pope Anastasius I">Anastasius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anicetus" title="Pope Anicetus">Anicetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anterus" title="Pope Anterus">Anterus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_II" title="Pope Benedict II">Benedict II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Boniface_I" title="Pope Boniface I">Boniface I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Boniface_IV" title="Pope Boniface IV">Boniface IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Caius" title="Pope Caius">Caius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Callixtus_I" title="Pope Callixtus I">Callixtus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Celestine_I" title="Pope Celestine I">Celestine I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Celestine_V" title="Pope Celestine V">Celestine V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Rome" title="Clement of Rome">Clement I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Cornelius" title="Pope Cornelius">Cornelius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Damasus_I" title="Pope Damasus I">Damasus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Dionysius" title="Pope Dionysius">Dionysius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eleutherius" title="Pope Eleutherius">Eleuterus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eugene_I" title="Pope Eugene I">Eugene I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eusebius" title="Pope Eusebius">Eusebius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eutychian" title="Pope Eutychian">Eutychian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Evaristus" title="Pope Evaristus">Evaristus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Fabian" title="Pope Fabian">Fabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Felix_I" title="Pope Felix I">Felix I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Felix_III" title="Pope Felix III">Felix III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Felix_IV" title="Pope Felix IV">Felix IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gelasius_I" title="Pope Gelasius I">Gelasius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Gregory I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_II" title="Pope Gregory II">Gregory II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_III" title="Pope Gregory III">Gregory III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_VII" title="Pope Gregory VII">Gregory VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Hilarius" title="Pope Hilarius">Hilarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Hormisdas" title="Pope Hormisdas">Hormisdas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Hyginus" title="Pope Hyginus">Hyginus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_I" title="Pope Innocent I">Innocent I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_I" title="Pope John I">John I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXIII" title="Pope John XXIII">John XXIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">John Paul II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Julius_I" title="Pope Julius I">Julius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_I" title="Pope Leo I">Leo I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_II" title="Pope Leo II">Leo II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_III" title="Pope Leo III">Leo III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_IV" title="Pope Leo IV">Leo IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_IX" title="Pope Leo IX">Leo IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Linus" title="Pope Linus">Linus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Lucius_I" title="Pope Lucius I">Lucius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Marcellinus" title="Pope Marcellinus">Marcellinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Marcellus_I" title="Pope Marcellus I">Marcellus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Mark" title="Pope Mark">Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Martin_I" title="Pope Martin I">Martin I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Miltiades" title="Pope Miltiades">Miltiades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Nicholas_I" title="Pope Nicholas I">Nicholas I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paschal_I" title="Pope Paschal I">Paschal I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_I" title="Pope Paul I">Paul I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Paul VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_I" title="Pope Pius I">Pius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_V" title="Pope Pius V">Pius V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_X" title="Pope Pius X">Pius X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pontian" title="Pope Pontian">Pontian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sergius_I" title="Pope Sergius I">Sergius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Silverius" title="Pope Silverius">Silverius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Simplicius" title="Pope Simplicius">Simplicius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Siricius" title="Pope Siricius">Siricius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_I" title="Pope Sixtus I">Sixtus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_II" title="Pope Sixtus II">Sixtus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_III" title="Pope Sixtus III">Sixtus III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Soter" title="Pope Soter">Soter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Stephen_I" title="Pope Stephen I">Stephen I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Stephen_IV" title="Pope Stephen IV">Stephen IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sylvester_I" title="Pope Sylvester I">Sylvester I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Symmachus" title="Pope Symmachus">Symmachus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Telesphorus" title="Pope Telesphorus">Telesphorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_I" title="Pope Urban I">Urban I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Victor_I" title="Pope Victor I">Victor I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Vitalian" title="Pope Vitalian">Vitalian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zachary" title="Pope Zachary">Zachary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zephyrinus" title="Pope Zephyrinus">Zephyrinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zosimus" title="Pope Zosimus">Zosimus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prophets_of_Christianity" title="Prophets of Christianity">Prophets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agabus" title="Agabus">Agabus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_(prophet)" title="Amos (prophet)">Amos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_the_Prophetess" title="Anna the Prophetess">Anna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_ben_Neriah" title="Baruch ben Neriah">Baruch ben Neriah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah" title="Elijah">Elijah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezekiel" title="Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habakkuk" title="Habakkuk">Habakkuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haggai" title="Haggai">Haggai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosea" title="Hosea">Hosea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah" title="Isaiah">Isaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah" title="Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_(biblical_figure)" title="Job (biblical figure)">Job</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_(prophet)" title="Joel (prophet)">Joel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonah" title="Jonah">Jonah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judas_Barsabbas" title="Judas Barsabbas">Judas Barsabbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malachi" title="Malachi">Malachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melchizedek" title="Melchizedek">Melchizedek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micah_(prophet)" title="Micah (prophet)">Micah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahum" title="Nahum">Nahum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obadiah" title="Obadiah">Obadiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel" title="Samuel">Samuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman_with_seven_sons" title="Woman with seven sons">Seven Maccabees and their mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_(Gospel_of_Luke)" title="Simeon (Gospel of Luke)">Simeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(Hebrew_prophet)" title="Zechariah (Hebrew prophet)">Zechariah (prophet)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(New_Testament_figure)" title="Zechariah (New Testament figure)">Zechariah (NT)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zephaniah" title="Zephaniah">Zephaniah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Virgin_(title)" title="Virgin (title)">Virgins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agatha_of_Sicily" title="Agatha of Sicily">Agatha of Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_of_Rome" title="Agnes of Rome">Agnes of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_of_the_Cross" title="Angela of the Cross">Angela of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelthryth" title="Æthelthryth">Æthelthryth</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bernadette Soubirous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Bologna" title="Catherine of Bologna">Catherine of Bologna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigid_of_Kildare" title="Brigid of Kildare">Brigid of Kildare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Labour%C3%A9" title="Catherine Labouré">Catherine Labouré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Siena" title="Catherine of Siena">Catherine of Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Cecilia" title="Saint Cecilia">Cecilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clare_of_Assisi" title="Clare of Assisi">Clare of Assisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eulalia_of_M%C3%A9rida" title="Eulalia of Mérida">Eulalia of Mérida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphemia" title="Euphemia">Euphemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faustina_Kowalska" title="Faustina Kowalska">Faustina Kowalska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faustina_and_Liberata_of_Como" title="Faustina and Liberata of Como">Faustina and Liberata of Como</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genevieve" title="Genevieve">Genevieve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiltrude_of_Liessies" title="Hiltrude of Liessies">Hiltrude of Liessies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc" title="Joan of Arc">Joan of Arc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kateri_Tekakwitha" title="Kateri Tekakwitha">Kateri Tekakwitha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucy" title="Saint Lucy">Lucy of Syracuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Goretti" title="Maria Goretti">Maria Goretti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_de_las_Maravillas_de_Jes%C3%BAs" title="María de las Maravillas de Jesús">María de las Maravillas de Jesús</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcisa_de_Jes%C3%BAs" title="Narcisa de Jesús">Narcisa de Jesús</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_of_Naples" title="Patricia of Naples">Patricia of Naples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Rosalia" title="Saint Rosalia">Rosalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_of_Lima" title="Rose of Lima">Rose of Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_of_the_Andes" title="Teresa of the Andes">Teresa of the Andes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Teresa" title="Mother Teresa">Teresa of Calcutta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trasilla_and_Emiliana" title="Trasilla and Emiliana">Trasilla and Emiliana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubaldesca_Taccini" title="Ubaldesca Taccini">Ubaldesca Taccini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_Bakhita" title="Josephine Bakhita">Josephine Bakhita</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Calendar of saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Holy_Marshals" title="Four Holy Marshals">Four Holy Marshals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteen_Holy_Helpers" title="Fourteen Holy Helpers">Fourteen Holy Helpers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyr_of_charity" title="Martyr of charity">Martyr of charity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_saint" title="Military saint">Military saints</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athleta_Christi" title="Athleta Christi">Athleta Christi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Christianus" title="Miles Christianus">Miles Christianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churches_Militant,_Penitent,_and_Triumphant" title="Churches Militant, Penitent, and Triumphant">Church Militant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Champions_of_Christendom" title="Seven Champions of Christendom">Seven Champions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtuous_pagan" title="Virtuous pagan">Virtuous pagan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border 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.navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, 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typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/21px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/32px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/42px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:France" title="Portal:France">France</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55398#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55398#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55398#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121200720">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/9843075">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/68122/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJpJjkvXJtkmcJ8GKQGj4q">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118509713">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81018719">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11891469v">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11891469v">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00457200">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Bernadette : Soubirous <santa>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/SBLV169953">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an53004695">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20000700160&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1016183">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p069364214">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90385514">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000038352">Chile</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=109684">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/75kmp5cr5bmlt0g">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810599619005606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/45055">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007258503505171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058513804906706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500487305">ULAN</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1533203">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118509713.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118509713">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026721511">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6qr6kkv">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bernadette_Soubirous&oldid=1253772259">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bernadette_Soubirous&oldid=1253772259</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1844_births" title="Category:1844 births">1844 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1879_deaths" title="Category:1879 deaths">1879 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es" 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