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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Metaphysics of morals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metaphysics_of_morals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Natural_law" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Natural_law"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Natural law</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Natural_law-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Friendship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Friendship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Friendship</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Friendship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Cultural references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influence_and_tribute" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence_and_tribute"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Influence and tribute</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence_and_tribute-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Bibliography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Translations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Translations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Translations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Translations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Albertus Magnus</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 73 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-73" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">73 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albertus_Magnus" title="Albertus Magnus – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Albertus Magnus" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%BA%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B3" title="ألبيرتوس ماغنوس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ألبيرتوس ماغنوس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B3" title="آلبرتوس ماقنوس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آلبرتوس ماقنوس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%92%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Альберт Вялікі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Альберт Вялікі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Алберт Велики – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Алберт Велики" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Veliki" title="Albert Veliki – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Albert Veliki" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberzh_Veur" title="Alberzh Veur – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Alberzh Veur" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_el_Gran" title="Albert el Gran – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Albert el Gran" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Velik%C3%BD" title="Albert Veliký – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Albert Veliký" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albertus_Magnus" title="Albertus Magnus – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Albertus Magnus" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albertus_Magnus" title="Albertus Magnus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Albertus Magnus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Suur" title="Albert Suur – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Albert Suur" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%B2%CE%AD%CF%81%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%BF_%CE%9C%CE%AD%CE%B3%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Αλβέρτος ο Μέγας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αλβέρτος ο Μέγας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberto_Magno" title="Alberto Magno – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alberto Magno" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberto_la_Granda" title="Alberto la Granda – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Alberto la Granda" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberto_Handia" title="Alberto Handia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Alberto Handia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3_%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%AF%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B3" title="آلبرتوس ماگنوس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آلبرتوس ماگنوس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_le_Grand" title="Albert le Grand – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Albert le Grand" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albertus_Magnus" title="Albertus Magnus – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Albertus Magnus" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albertus_Magnus" title="Albertus Magnus – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Albertus Magnus" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albertus_Magnus" title="Albertus Magnus – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Albertus Magnus" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberte_o_Magno" title="Alberte o Magno – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Alberte o Magno" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%8C%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B4%ED%88%AC%EC%8A%A4_%EB%A7%88%EA%B7%B8%EB%88%84%EC%8A%A4" title="알베르투스 마그누스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="알베르투스 마그누스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%BF_%D5%84%D5%A5%D5%AE" title="Ալբերտ Մեծ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ալբերտ Մեծ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8" title="अल्बर्ट माग्नुस – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अल्बर्ट माग्नुस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Veliki" title="Albert Veliki – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Albert Veliki" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albertus_Agung" title="Albertus Agung – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Albertus Agung" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberto_Magno" title="Alberto Magno – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alberto Magno" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A1_%D7%9E%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A1" title="אלברטוס מגנוס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלברטוס מגנוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albertus_Magnus" title="Albertus Magnus – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Albertus Magnus" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಅಲ್ಬರ್ಟ್ಸ್ ಮ್ಯಾಗ್ನಸ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅಲ್ಬರ್ಟ್ಸ್ ಮ್ಯಾಗ್ನಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberto_Magno" title="Alberto Magno – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Alberto Magno" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2_%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ალბერტ დიდი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ალბერტ დიდი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberto_Mkuu" title="Alberto Mkuu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Alberto Mkuu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albertus_Magnus" title="Albertus Magnus – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Albertus Magnus" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%83_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82" title="Улуу Альберт – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Улуу Альберт" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albertus_Magnus" title="Albertus Magnus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Albertus Magnus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberts_Lielais" title="Alberts Lielais – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Alberts Lielais" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albertas_Didysis" title="Albertas Didysis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Albertas Didysis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albertus_Magnus" title="Albertus Magnus – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Albertus Magnus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Алберт Велики – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Алберт Велики" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF_%E0%B4%85%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="വലിയ അൽബർത്തോസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വലിയ അൽബർത്തോസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B3" title="البيرتوس ماجنوس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="البيرتوس ماجنوس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%B2%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B7%E1%80%90%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%99%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B7%E1%80%82%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="အဲလ်ဘာ့တပ်စ် မာ့ဂ်နပ်စ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အဲလ်ဘာ့တပ်စ် မာ့ဂ်နပ်စ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albertus_Magnus" title="Albertus Magnus – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Albertus Magnus" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%83%99%E3%83%AB%E3%83%88%E3%82%A5%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9E%E3%82%B0%E3%83%8C%E3%82%B9" title="アルベルトゥス・マグヌス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アルベルトゥス・マグヌス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albertus_Magnus" title="Albertus Magnus – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Albertus Magnus" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albertus_Magnus" title="Albertus Magnus – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Albertus Magnus" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%B9%D8%B3_%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%AF%D9%86%D8%B3" title="البرٹس میگنس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="البرٹس میگنس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3_%D9%85%DA%AB%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B3" title="البرتوس مګنوس – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="البرتوس مګنوس" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Wielki" title="Albert Wielki – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Albert Wielki" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberto_Magno" title="Alberto Magno – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alberto Magno" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albertus_Magnus" title="Albertus Magnus – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Albertus Magnus" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albertus_Magnus" title="Albertus Magnus – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Albertus Magnus" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Альберт Великий – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Альберт Великий" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albertus_Magnus" title="Albertus Magnus – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Albertus Magnus" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberti_i_Madh" title="Alberti i Madh – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Alberti i Madh" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albertu_Magno" title="Albertu Magno – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Albertu Magno" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albertus_Magnus" title="Albertus Magnus – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Albertus Magnus" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Ve%C4%BEk%C3%BD" title="Albert Veľký – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Albert Veľký" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Veliki" title="Albert Veliki – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Albert Veliki" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Алберт Велики – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Алберт Велики" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Veliki" title="Albert Veliki – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Albert Veliki" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Suuri" title="Albert Suuri – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Albert Suuri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albertus_Magnus" title="Albertus Magnus – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Albertus Magnus" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D" title="பெரிய ஆல்பர்ட் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பெரிய ஆல்பர்ட்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AA_%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AA" title="อัลแบร์ตุส มาญุส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อัลแบร์ตุส มาญุส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albertus_Magnus" title="Albertus Magnus – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Albertus Magnus" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Альберт Великий – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Альберт Великий" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert%C3%B4_C%E1%BA%A3" title="Albertô Cả – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Albertô Cả" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albertus_Magnus" title="Albertus Magnus – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Albertus Magnus" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E5%B0%94%E4%BC%AF%E5%9B%BE%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%BA%A6%E6%A0%BC%E5%8A%AA%E6%96%AF" title="艾尔伯图斯·麦格努斯 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="艾尔伯图斯·麦格努斯" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E7%88%BE%E4%BC%AF%E5%9C%96%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%BA%A5%E6%A0%BC%E5%8A%AA%E6%96%AF" title="艾爾伯圖斯·麥格努斯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="艾爾伯圖斯·麥格努斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q60059#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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searchaux" style="display:none">German-Dominican friar and saint (c. 1200–1280)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Albertus" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Albertus_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Albertus (disambiguation)">Albertus (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Albert the Great" redirects here. For the American Thoroughbred racehorse, see <a href="/wiki/Albert_the_Great_(horse)" title="Albert the Great (horse)">Albert the Great (horse)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the asteroid, see <a href="/wiki/20006_Albertus_Magnus" class="mw-redirect" title="20006 Albertus Magnus">20006 Albertus Magnus</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above n" style="font-size:125%;background-color:gold;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="display:inline;font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Saint#Catholic_Church" title="Saint">Saint</a></div><br /><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Albertus Magnus</div><br /><div class="honorific-prefix" style="display:inline;font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">OP</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Vicente_salvador_gomez-san_alberto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Vicente_salvador_gomez-san_alberto.jpg/220px-Vicente_salvador_gomez-san_alberto.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Vicente_salvador_gomez-san_alberto.jpg/330px-Vicente_salvador_gomez-san_alberto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Vicente_salvador_gomez-san_alberto.jpg/440px-Vicente_salvador_gomez-san_alberto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="605" data-file-height="800" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The <i>Apparition of the Virgin to Saint Albert the Great</i> by <a href="/wiki/Vicente_Salvador_Gomez" class="mw-redirect" title="Vicente Salvador Gomez">Vicente Salvador Gomez</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:gold;"><a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Regensburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop of Regensburg">Bishop of Regensburg</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_the_Church" title="Doctor of the Church">Doctor of the Church</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1200</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Lauingen" title="Lauingen">Lauingen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bavaria" title="Duchy of Bavaria">Duchy of Bavaria</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">15 November 1280<br /><a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Venerated in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Beatification" title="Beatification">Beatified</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1622, <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a> by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_XV" title="Pope Gregory XV">Pope Gregory XV</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Canonization" title="Canonization">Canonized</a></th><td class="infobox-data">16 December 1931, <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a> by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XI" title="Pope Pius XI">Pope Pius XI</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Major <a href="/wiki/Shrine" title="Shrine">shrine</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/St._Andrew%27s_Church,_Cologne" title="St. Andrew's Church, Cologne">St. Andrew's Church, Cologne</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Feast</a></th><td class="infobox-data">15 November</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Saint_symbolism" title="Saint symbolism">Attributes</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Religious_habit" title="Religious habit">Dominican habit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mitre" title="Mitre">mitre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Book" title="Book">book</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Quill" title="Quill">quill</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">Patronage</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Those who cultivate the <a href="/wiki/Natural_sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural sciences">natural sciences</a>, medical technicians, <a href="/wiki/Philosopher" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosopher">philosophers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Scientist" title="Scientist">scientists</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Albertus Teutonicus, Albertus Coloniensis, Albert the Great, Albert of Cologne</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Teaching of theology<br /> Pioneering scholar of <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a><br /> Systematic study of <a href="/wiki/Minerals" class="mw-redirect" title="Minerals">minerals</a><br />Discovery of the element <a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic">arsenic</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natural_science" title="Natural science">Natural science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alchemy" title="Alchemy">Alchemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurisprudence" title="Jurisprudence">Jurisprudence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomacy" title="Diplomacy">Diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_theology" title="Christian theology">Theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_philosophy" title="Natural philosophy">Natural philosophy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /><b>Philosophy career</b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Padua" title="University of Padua">University of Padua</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Era</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_philosophy" title="Medieval philosophy">Medieval philosophy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Region</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Western_philosophy" title="Western philosophy">Western philosophy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_of_philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="List of schools of philosophy">School</a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scholasticism" title="Scholasticism">Scholasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristotelianism" title="Aristotelianism">Aristotelianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_realism" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval realism">Medieval realism</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data org"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Paris" title="University of Paris">University of Paris</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jordan_of_Saxony" title="Jordan of Saxony">Jordan of Saxony</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Notable students</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Petrus_Ferrandi_Hispanus" title="Petrus Ferrandi Hispanus">Petrus Ferrandi Hispanus</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Main interests</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">Philosophy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Physiology" title="Physiology">physiology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mineralogy" title="Mineralogy">mineralogy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Astrology" title="Astrology">astrology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Geography" title="Geography">geography</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">astronomy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_theory" title="Music theory">music theory</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Natural_science" title="Natural science">natural science</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Alchemy" title="Alchemy">alchemy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jurisprudence" title="Jurisprudence">jurisprudence</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Diplomacy" title="Diplomacy">diplomacy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_theology" title="Christian theology">theology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Natural_philosophy" title="Natural philosophy">natural philosophy</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Notable ideas</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aevum" title="Aevum">Aevum</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Ecclesiastical career</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Church</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Offices held</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Regensburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop of Regensburg">Bishop of Regensburg</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/25px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/38px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/50px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="1105" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Catholic_philosophers" title="Category:Catholic philosophers">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Christian_philosophy" title="Christian philosophy">Catholic philosophy</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/St-thomas-aquinasFXD.jpg/73px-St-thomas-aquinasFXD.jpg" decoding="async" width="73" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/St-thomas-aquinasFXD.jpg/110px-St-thomas-aquinasFXD.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/St-thomas-aquinasFXD.jpg/147px-St-thomas-aquinasFXD.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4004" data-file-height="6000" /></span></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Scoto_%28Duns_Scoto%29_-_Studiolo_di_Federico_da_Montefeltro.jpg/68px-Scoto_%28Duns_Scoto%29_-_Studiolo_di_Federico_da_Montefeltro.jpg" decoding="async" width="68" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Scoto_%28Duns_Scoto%29_-_Studiolo_di_Federico_da_Montefeltro.jpg/102px-Scoto_%28Duns_Scoto%29_-_Studiolo_di_Federico_da_Montefeltro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Scoto_%28Duns_Scoto%29_-_Studiolo_di_Federico_da_Montefeltro.jpg/136px-Scoto_%28Duns_Scoto%29_-_Studiolo_di_Federico_da_Montefeltro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="473" data-file-height="762" /></span></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/William_of_Ockham.png/82px-William_of_Ockham.png" decoding="async" width="82" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/William_of_Ockham.png/124px-William_of_Ockham.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/William_of_Ockham.png/165px-William_of_Ockham.png 2x" data-file-width="271" data-file-height="361" /></span></span><div class="sidebar-caption"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Aquinas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duns_Scotus" title="Duns Scotus">Scotus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/William_of_Ockham" title="William of Ockham">Ockham</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:gold;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_moral_theology" title="Catholic moral theology">Ethics</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_virtues" title="Cardinal virtues">Cardinal virtues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Just_price" title="Just price">Just price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Just_war_theory#Catholic_doctrine" title="Just war theory">Just war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principle_of_double_effect" title="Principle of double effect">Principle of Double Effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casuistry" title="Casuistry">Casuistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_probabilism" title="Catholic probabilism">Probabilism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law#Catholic_natural_law_jurisprudence" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_personalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic personalism">Personalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_social_teaching" title="Catholic social teaching">Social teaching</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_Theology" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberation Theology">Liberation Theology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Humanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Humanism">Christian Humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtue_ethics" title="Virtue ethics">Virtue ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Works_of_mercy" title="Works of mercy">Works of mercy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:gold;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Metaphysics" title="Metaphysics">Metaphysics</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conceptualism" title="Conceptualism">Conceptualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophical_realism" title="Philosophical realism">Realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moderate_realism" title="Moderate realism">Moderate realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nominalism" title="Nominalism">Nominalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiddity" title="Quiddity">Quiddity</a> (<a href="/wiki/Essence" title="Essence">essence</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nature_(philosophy)" title="Nature (philosophy)">nature</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haecceity" title="Haecceity">Haecceity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Ways_(Aquinas)" title="Five Ways (Aquinas)">Quinque Viae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predestination" title="Predestination">Predestination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theological_determinism" title="Theological determinism">Theological determinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compatibilism" title="Compatibilism">Compatibilism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attributes_of_God_in_Christianity" title="Attributes of God in Christianity">Divine Attributes</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:gold;color: var(--color-base)">Schools</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustinianism" title="Augustinianism">Augustinianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Saint_Victor" title="School of Saint Victor">Victorines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llullism" class="mw-redirect" title="Llullism">Llullism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartesianism" title="Cartesianism">Cartesianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoplatonism_and_Christianity" title="Neoplatonism and Christianity">Christian Neoplatonism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Friends_of_God" title="Friends of God">Friends of God</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molinism" title="Molinism">Molinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_th%C3%A9ologie" title="Nouvelle théologie">Ressourcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occamism" title="Occamism">Occamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholasticism" title="Scholasticism">Scholasticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_scholasticism" title="Second scholasticism">Second scholasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-scholasticism" title="Neo-scholasticism">Neo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotism" title="Scotism">Scotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomism" title="Thomism">Thomism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Analytical_Thomism" title="Analytical Thomism">Analytic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Salamanca" title="School of Salamanca">Salamanca</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:gold;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_philosophers_and_theologians" title="List of Catholic philosophers and theologians">Philosophers</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:gold;color: var(--color-base)">Ancient</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose" title="Ambrose">Ambrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athenagoras_of_Athens" title="Athenagoras of Athens">Athenagoras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedict_of_Nursia" title="Benedict of Nursia">Benedict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boethius" title="Boethius">Boethius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Alexandria" title="Clement of Alexandria">Clement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprian" title="Cyprian">Cyprian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Alexandria" title="Cyril of Alexandria">Cyril</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nazianzus" title="Gregory of Nazianzus">Gregory (of Nazianzus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nyssa" title="Gregory of Nyssa">Gregory (of Nyssa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cassian" title="John Cassian">Cassian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">Chrysostom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Climacus" title="John Climacus">Climacus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Damascus" title="John of Damascus">John of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_Martyr" title="Justin Martyr">Justin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_the_Confessor" title="Maximus the Confessor">Maximus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Dionysius_the_Areopagite" title="Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite">Dionysius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origen" title="Origen">Origen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tertullian" title="Tertullian">Tertullian</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:gold;color: var(--color-base)">Medieval</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Abelard" title="Peter Abelard">Abelard</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Albert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcuin" title="Alcuin">Alcuin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_of_Hales" title="Alexander of Hales">Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anselm_of_Canterbury" title="Anselm of Canterbury">Anselm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_of_Autrecourt" title="Nicholas of Autrecourt">Autrecourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Bacon" title="Roger Bacon">Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bede" title="Bede">Bede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berengar_of_Tours" title="Berengar of Tours">Berengar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_of_Clairvaux" title="Bernard of Clairvaux">Bernard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonaventure" title="Bonaventure">Bonaventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Buridan" title="Jean Buridan">Buridan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Siena" title="Catherine of Siena">Catherine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_of_Cusa" title="Nicholas of Cusa">Cusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meister_Eckhart" title="Meister Eckhart">Eckhart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Scotus_Eriugena" title="John Scotus Eriugena">Eriugena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giles_of_Rome" title="Giles of Rome">Giles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Gregory I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Grosseteste" title="Robert Grosseteste">Grosseteste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominicus_Gundissalinus" title="Dominicus Gundissalinus">Gundissalinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildegard_of_Bingen" title="Hildegard of Bingen">Hildegard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_of_Saint_Victor" title="Hugh of Saint Victor">Hugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidore_of_Seville" title="Isidore of Seville">Isidore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramon_Llull" title="Ramon Llull">Llull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Lombard" title="Peter Lombard">Lombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_of_Braga" title="Martin of Braga">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_of_Ockham" title="William of Ockham">Ockham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Oresme" title="Nicole Oresme">Oresme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paschasius_Radbertus" title="Paschasius Radbertus">Paschasius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roscellinus" title="Roscellinus">Roscellinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duns_Scotus" title="Duns Scotus">Scotus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siger_of_Brabant" title="Siger of Brabant">Siger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symeon_the_New_Theologian" title="Symeon the New Theologian">Symeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thierry_of_Chartres" title="Thierry of Chartres">Thierry</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:gold;color: var(--color-base)">Modern</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Arnauld" title="Antoine Arnauld">Arnauld</a></li> <li><a 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href="/wiki/Template:Catholic_philosophy" title="Template:Catholic philosophy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Catholic_philosophy" title="Template talk:Catholic philosophy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic_philosophy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic philosophy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Albertus Magnus</b><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">OP</a></span> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1200</span> – 15 November 1280), also known as <b>Saint Albert the Great</b>, <b>Albert of Swabia</b><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <b>Albert of Cologne</b>, was a German <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">Dominican</a> <a href="/wiki/Friar" title="Friar">friar</a>, philosopher, scientist, and <a href="/wiki/Bishop_in_the_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop in the Catholic Church">bishop</a>, considered one of the greatest <a href="/wiki/Medieval_philosophy" title="Medieval philosophy">medieval philosophers</a> and thinkers.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Canonization" title="Canonization">Canonized</a> in 1931, he was known during his lifetime as <i>Doctor universalis</i> and <i>Doctor expertus</i>; late in his life the <a href="/wiki/Sobriquet" title="Sobriquet">sobriquet</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_known_as_%22the_Great%22" class="mw-redirect" title="List of people known as "the Great""><i>Magnus</i></a> was appended to his name.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scholars such as James A. Weisheipl and Joachim R. Söder have referred to him as the greatest German philosopher and theologian of the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> distinguishes him as one of the <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_the_Church" title="Doctor of the Church">Doctors of the Church</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albertus_Magnus&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It seems likely that Albertus Magnus was born sometime before 1200, given well-attested evidence that he was aged over 80 on his death in 1280.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two later sources say that Albert was about 87 on his death, which has led 1193 to be commonly given as the date of Albert's birth, but this information does not have enough evidence to be confirmed.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Albert was probably born in Lauingen (now in <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bavaria" title="Duchy of Bavaria">Bavaria</a>), since he called himself 'Albert of Lauingen', but this might simply be a family name. Most probably his family was of <i>ministerial</i> class; his familiar connection with (being son of the count) the Bollstädt noble family is almost certainly mere conjecture by 15th century <a href="/wiki/Hagiography" title="Hagiography">hagiographers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Albert was probably educated principally at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Padua" title="University of Padua">University of Padua</a>, where he received instruction in <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a>'s writings. A late account by Rudolph de Novamagia refers to Albertus' encounter with the <a href="/wiki/Blessed_Virgin_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Blessed Virgin Mary">Blessed Virgin Mary</a>, who convinced him to enter the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Orders" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Orders">Holy Orders</a>. In 1223 (or 1229),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETugwell19884–5_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETugwell19884–5-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he became a member of the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">Dominican Order</a>, and studied <a href="/wiki/Christian_theology" title="Christian theology">theology</a> at <a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a> and elsewhere. Selected to fill the position of lecturer at Cologne, Germany, where the Dominicans had a house, he taught for several years there, as well as in <a href="/wiki/Regensburg" title="Regensburg">Regensburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Freiburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Freiburg">Freiburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hildesheim" title="Hildesheim">Hildesheim</a>. During his first tenure as lecturer at Cologne, Albert wrote his <i>Summa de bono</i> after having a discussion with <a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Chancellor" title="Philip the Chancellor">Philip the Chancellor</a> concerning the transcendental properties of being.<sup id="cite_ref-Kovach,_Francs_1980,_p.X_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kovach,_Francs_1980,_p.X-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1245, Albert became <a href="/wiki/Master_of_theology" class="mw-redirect" title="Master of theology">master of theology</a> under <a href="/wiki/Guerric_of_Saint-Quentin" title="Guerric of Saint-Quentin">Guerric of Saint-Quentin</a>, the first German Dominican to achieve this distinction. Following this turn of events, Albert was able to teach theology at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Paris" title="University of Paris">University of Paris</a> as a full-time professor, holding the seat of the Chair of Theology at the College of St. James.<sup id="cite_ref-Kovach,_Francs_1980,_p.X_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kovach,_Francs_1980,_p.X-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this time <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a> began to study under Albertus.<sup id="cite_ref-Kennedy_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kennedy-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vincenzo_onofri,_sant%27alberto_magno,_1493.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Vincenzo_onofri%2C_sant%27alberto_magno%2C_1493.JPG/220px-Vincenzo_onofri%2C_sant%27alberto_magno%2C_1493.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Vincenzo_onofri%2C_sant%27alberto_magno%2C_1493.JPG/330px-Vincenzo_onofri%2C_sant%27alberto_magno%2C_1493.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Vincenzo_onofri%2C_sant%27alberto_magno%2C_1493.JPG/440px-Vincenzo_onofri%2C_sant%27alberto_magno%2C_1493.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1791" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Bust of Albertus Magnus by <a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Onofri" title="Vincenzo Onofri">Vincenzo Onofri</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1493</span></figcaption></figure> <p>Albert was the first to comment on virtually all of the writings of <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a>, thus making them accessible to wider academic debate. The study of Aristotle brought him to study and comment on the teachings of Muslim academics, notably <a href="/wiki/Avicenna" title="Avicenna">Avicenna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Averroes" title="Averroes">Averroes</a>, and this would bring him into the heart of academic debate. </p><p>In 1254, Albert was made <a href="/wiki/Provincial_superior" title="Provincial superior">provincial</a> of the Dominican Order<sup id="cite_ref-Kennedy_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kennedy-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and fulfilled the duties of the office with great care and efficiency. During his tenure, he publicly defended the Dominicans against attacks by the secular faculty of the University of Paris, commented on <a href="/wiki/John_the_Evangelist" title="John the Evangelist">John the Evangelist</a>, and answered what he perceived as errors of the <a href="/wiki/Early_Islamic_philosophy" title="Early Islamic philosophy">Islamic philosopher</a> Averroes. </p><p>In 1259, Albert took part in the General Chapter of the Dominicans at <a href="/wiki/Valenciennes" title="Valenciennes">Valenciennes</a> together with Thomas Aquinas, masters Bonushomo Britto,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Florentius,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Peter (later <a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_V" title="Pope Innocent V">Pope Innocent V</a>), establishing a <i>ratio studiorum</i> or program of studies for the Dominicans<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that featured the study of philosophy as an innovation for those not sufficiently trained to study theology. This innovation initiated the tradition of Dominican scholastic philosophy put into practice, for example, in 1265 at the Order's <i><a href="/wiki/Studium_provinciale" class="mw-redirect" title="Studium provinciale">studium provinciale</a></i> at the convent of <a href="/wiki/Santa_Sabina" title="Santa Sabina">Santa Sabina</a> in Rome, out of which would develop the <a href="/wiki/Pontifical_University_of_Saint_Thomas_Aquinas" title="Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas">Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas</a>, the "Angelicum".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2004_K%C3%B6ln_Sarkophag_Albertus_Magnus.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/2004_K%C3%B6ln_Sarkophag_Albertus_Magnus.JPG/220px-2004_K%C3%B6ln_Sarkophag_Albertus_Magnus.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/2004_K%C3%B6ln_Sarkophag_Albertus_Magnus.JPG/330px-2004_K%C3%B6ln_Sarkophag_Albertus_Magnus.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/2004_K%C3%B6ln_Sarkophag_Albertus_Magnus.JPG/440px-2004_K%C3%B6ln_Sarkophag_Albertus_Magnus.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Roman <a href="/wiki/Sarcophagus" title="Sarcophagus">sarcophagus</a> containing the relics of Albertus Magnus in the crypt of <a href="/wiki/St._Andrew%27s_Church,_Cologne" title="St. Andrew's Church, Cologne">St. Andrew's Church, Cologne</a>, Germany</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1260, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_IV" title="Pope Alexander IV">Pope Alexander IV</a> made him <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Regensburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop of Regensburg">bishop of Regensburg</a>, an office from which he resigned after three years. During the exercise of his duties he enhanced his reputation for humility by refusing to ride a horse, in accord with the dictates of the Order, instead traversing his huge diocese on foot. In 1263, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_IV" title="Pope Urban IV">Pope Urban IV</a> relieved him of the duties of bishop and asked him to preach the <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Crusade" title="Eighth Crusade">eighth Crusade</a> in German-speaking countries.<sup id="cite_ref-Markus_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Markus-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After this, he was especially known for acting as a mediator between conflicting parties. In Cologne, he is known not only for being the founder of Germany's oldest university there, but also for "the big verdict" (der Große Schied) of 1258, which brought an end to the conflict between the citizens of Cologne and the archbishop. Among the last of his labors was the defense of the orthodoxy of his former pupil, Thomas Aquinas, whose death in 1274 grieved Albert (the story that he travelled to Paris in person to defend the teachings of Aquinas can not be confirmed). </p><p>Albert was a scientist, philosopher, astrologer, theologian, spiritual writer, ecumenist, and diplomat. Under the auspices of Humbert of Romans, Albert molded the curriculum of studies for all Dominican students, introduced Aristotle to the classroom and probed the work of <a href="/wiki/Neoplatonists" class="mw-redirect" title="Neoplatonists">Neoplatonists</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Plotinus" title="Plotinus">Plotinus</a>. Indeed, it was the thirty years of work done by Aquinas and himself that allowed for the inclusion of Aristotelian study in the curriculum of Dominican schools. </p><p>After suffering declining health in 1278, he died on 15 November 1280 in the Dominican convent in Cologne, Germany. His relics are located in a Roman sarcophagus in the <a href="/wiki/Crypt" title="Crypt">crypt</a> of the Dominican <a href="/wiki/St._Andrew%27s_Church,_Cologne" title="St. Andrew's Church, Cologne">St. Andrew's Church</a> in Cologne.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His body was claimed to be <a href="/wiki/Incorruptibility" title="Incorruptibility">incorrupt</a> during an exhumation three years after his death. However, a later exhumation in 1483 found that only a <a href="/wiki/Skeleton" title="Skeleton">skeleton</a> remained.<sup id="cite_ref-Cruz_1977_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cruz_1977-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Albert was <a href="/wiki/Beatified" class="mw-redirect" title="Beatified">beatified</a> in 1622. He was <a href="/wiki/Canonized" class="mw-redirect" title="Canonized">canonized</a> and proclaimed a Doctor of the Church on 16 December 1931 by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XI" title="Pope Pius XI">Pope Pius XI</a><sup id="cite_ref-Markus_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Markus-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the patron saint of natural scientists in 1941. St. Albert's <a href="/wiki/Feast_day" class="mw-redirect" title="Feast day">feast day</a> is November 15. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Writings">Writings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albertus_Magnus&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Writings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Albertus_Magnus-Denkmal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Albertus_Magnus-Denkmal.jpg/170px-Albertus_Magnus-Denkmal.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Albertus_Magnus-Denkmal.jpg/255px-Albertus_Magnus-Denkmal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Albertus_Magnus-Denkmal.jpg/340px-Albertus_Magnus-Denkmal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1224" data-file-height="1632" /></a><figcaption>Albertus Magnus monument at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cologne" title="University of Cologne">University of Cologne</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AlbertusMagnus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/AlbertusMagnus.jpg/220px-AlbertusMagnus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/AlbertusMagnus.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="285" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption><i>Saint Albertus Magnus</i>, a fresco by <a href="/wiki/Tommaso_da_Modena" title="Tommaso da Modena">Tommaso da Modena</a> (1352), Chapter hall of convent of St. Nicholas, <a href="/wiki/Treviso" title="Treviso">Treviso</a>, Italy</figcaption></figure> <p>Albert's writings collected in 1899 went to thirty-eight volumes. These displayed his prolific habits and encyclopedic knowledge of topics such as <a href="/wiki/Logic" title="Logic">logic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_theology" title="Christian theology">theology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Botany" title="Botany">botany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geography" title="Geography">geography</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">astronomy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astrology" title="Astrology">astrology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mineralogy" title="Mineralogy">mineralogy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alchemy" title="Alchemy">alchemy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zoology" title="Zoology">zoology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Physiology" title="Physiology">physiology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phrenology" title="Phrenology">phrenology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Justice" title="Justice">justice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">law</a>, <a href="/wiki/Friendship" title="Friendship">friendship</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Love" title="Love">love</a>. He digested, interpreted, and systematized the whole of Aristotle's works, gleaned from the Latin translations and notes of the Arabian commentators, in accordance with Church doctrine. Most modern knowledge of Aristotle was preserved and presented by Albert.<sup id="cite_ref-Kennedy_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kennedy-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His principal theological works are a commentary in three volumes on the Books of the Sentences of <a href="/wiki/Peter_Lombard" title="Peter Lombard">Peter Lombard</a> (<i>Magister Sententiarum</i>), and the <i><a href="/wiki/Summa_Theologiae" class="mw-redirect" title="Summa Theologiae">Summa Theologiae</a></i> in two volumes. The latter is in substance a more didactic repetition of the former. </p><p>Albert's activity, however, was more philosophical than theological (see <a href="/wiki/Scholasticism" title="Scholasticism">Scholasticism</a>). The philosophical works, occupying the first six and the last of the 21 volumes, are generally divided according to the <a href="/wiki/Aristotelianism" title="Aristotelianism">Aristotelian</a> scheme of the sciences, and consist of interpretations and condensations of Aristotle's relative works, with supplementary discussions upon contemporary topics, and occasional divergences from the opinions of the master. Albert believed that Aristotle's approach to natural philosophy did not pose any obstacle to the development of a Christian philosophical view of the natural order.<sup id="cite_ref-Markus_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Markus-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Firenze,_alberto_magno,_de_animalibus,_1450-1500_ca._cod_fiesolano_67,_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Firenze%2C_alberto_magno%2C_de_animalibus%2C_1450-1500_ca._cod_fiesolano_67%2C_01.JPG/170px-Firenze%2C_alberto_magno%2C_de_animalibus%2C_1450-1500_ca._cod_fiesolano_67%2C_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Firenze%2C_alberto_magno%2C_de_animalibus%2C_1450-1500_ca._cod_fiesolano_67%2C_01.JPG/255px-Firenze%2C_alberto_magno%2C_de_animalibus%2C_1450-1500_ca._cod_fiesolano_67%2C_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Firenze%2C_alberto_magno%2C_de_animalibus%2C_1450-1500_ca._cod_fiesolano_67%2C_01.JPG/340px-Firenze%2C_alberto_magno%2C_de_animalibus%2C_1450-1500_ca._cod_fiesolano_67%2C_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2676" data-file-height="1908" /></a><figcaption><i>De animalibus</i> (c. 1450–1500, cod. fiesolano 67, <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Medicea_Laurenziana" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana">Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>Albert's knowledge of natural science was considerable and for the age remarkably accurate. His industry in every department was great: not only did he produce commentaries and paraphrases of the entire Aristotelian corpus, including his scientific works, but Albert also added to and improved upon them. His books on topics like botany, zoology, and minerals included information from ancient sources, but also results of his own empirical investigations. These investigations pushed several of the special sciences forward, beyond the reliance on classical texts. In the case of embryology, for example, it has been claimed that little of value was written between Aristotle and Albert, who managed to identify organs within eggs.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, Albert also effectively invented entire special sciences, where Aristotle has not covered a topic. For example, prior to Albert, there was no systematic study of minerals.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the breadth of these achievements, he was bestowed the name <i>Doctor Universalis.</i> </p><p>Much of Albert's empirical contributions to the natural sciences have been superseded, but his general approach to science may be surprisingly modern. For example, in <i>De Mineralibus</i> (Book II, Tractate ii, Ch. 1) Albert claims, "For it is [the task] of natural science not simply to accept what we are told but to inquire into the causes of natural things."<sup id="cite_ref-:2_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alchemy">Alchemy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albertus_Magnus&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Alchemy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liebig_Company_Trading_Card_Ad_01.12.003_front.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Liebig_Company_Trading_Card_Ad_01.12.003_front.tif/lossy-page1-170px-Liebig_Company_Trading_Card_Ad_01.12.003_front.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Liebig_Company_Trading_Card_Ad_01.12.003_front.tif/lossy-page1-255px-Liebig_Company_Trading_Card_Ad_01.12.003_front.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Liebig_Company_Trading_Card_Ad_01.12.003_front.tif/lossy-page1-340px-Liebig_Company_Trading_Card_Ad_01.12.003_front.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1305" data-file-height="824" /></a><figcaption> Albertus Magnus, Chimistes Celebres, <a href="/wiki/Liebig%27s_Extract_of_Meat_Company" title="Liebig's Extract of Meat Company">Liebig's Extract of Meat Company</a> Trading Card, 1929</figcaption></figure> <p>In the centuries since his death, many stories arose about Albert as an <a href="/wiki/Alchemy" title="Alchemy">alchemist</a> and magician. "Much of the modern confusion results from the fact that later works, particularly the alchemical work known as the <i>Secreta Alberti</i> or the <i>Experimenta Alberti</i>, were falsely attributed to Albertus by their authors to increase the prestige of the text through association."<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the subject of alchemy and chemistry, many treatises relating to alchemy have been attributed to him, though in his authentic writings he had little to say on the subject, and then mostly through commentary on Aristotle. For example, in his commentary, <i>De mineralibus</i>, he refers to the power of stones, but does not elaborate on what these powers might be.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A wide range of Pseudo-Albertine works dealing with alchemy exist, though, showing the belief developed in the generations following Albert's death that he had mastered alchemy, one of the fundamental sciences of the Middle Ages. These include <i>Metals and Materials</i>; the <i>Secrets of Chemistry</i>; the <i>Origin of Metals</i>; the <i>Origins of Compounds</i>, and a <i>Concordance </i>which is a collection of <i>Observations on the <a href="/wiki/Philosopher%27s_stone" title="Philosopher's stone">philosopher's stone</a></i>; and other alchemy-chemistry topics, collected under the name of <i>Theatrum Chemicum</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is credited with the discovery of the element <a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic">arsenic</a><sup id="cite_ref-BuildingBlocks451-3_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BuildingBlocks451-3-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and experimented with photosensitive chemicals, including <a href="/wiki/Silver_nitrate" title="Silver nitrate">silver nitrate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He did believe that stones had occult properties, as he related in his work <i>De mineralibus</i>. However, there is scant evidence that he personally performed alchemical experiments. </p><p>According to legend, Albert is said to have discovered the philosopher's stone and passed it on to his pupil Thomas Aquinas, shortly before his death. Albert does not confirm he discovered the stone in his writings, but he did record that he witnessed the creation of gold by "transmutation."<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Given that Thomas Aquinas died six years before Albert's death, this legend as stated is unlikely. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Astrology">Astrology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albertus_Magnus&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Astrology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Albert was deeply interested in <a href="/wiki/Astrology" title="Astrology">astrology</a>, as has been articulated by scholars such as Paola Zambelli<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Scott Hendrix.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Throughout the Middle Ages –and well into the early modern period– astrology was widely accepted by scientists and intellectuals who held the view that life on earth is effectively a microcosm within the macrocosm (the latter being the cosmos itself). It was believed that correspondence therefore exists between the two and thus the celestial bodies follow patterns and cycles analogous to those on earth. With this worldview, it seemed reasonable to assert that astrology could be used to predict the probable future of a human being. Albert argued that an understanding of the celestial influences affecting us could help us to live our lives more in accord with Christian precepts.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most comprehensive statement of his astrological beliefs is to be found in two separate works that he authored around 1260, known as the <i><a href="/wiki/Speculum_astronomiae" class="mw-redirect" title="Speculum astronomiae">Speculum astronomiae</a></i> and <i>De Fato</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, details of these beliefs can be found in almost everything he wrote, from his early <i>De natura boni</i> to his last work, the <i>Summa theologiae</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His <i>speculum</i> was critiqued by <a href="/wiki/Gerard_of_Silteo" title="Gerard of Silteo">Gerard of Silteo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Albertus_Magnus_%E2%80%93_De_meteoris,_1488_%E2%80%93_BEIC_13302626.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="De meteoris, 1488"><img alt="De meteoris, 1488" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Albertus_Magnus_%E2%80%93_De_meteoris%2C_1488_%E2%80%93_BEIC_13302626.jpg/86px-Albertus_Magnus_%E2%80%93_De_meteoris%2C_1488_%E2%80%93_BEIC_13302626.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Albertus_Magnus_%E2%80%93_De_meteoris%2C_1488_%E2%80%93_BEIC_13302626.jpg/128px-Albertus_Magnus_%E2%80%93_De_meteoris%2C_1488_%E2%80%93_BEIC_13302626.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Albertus_Magnus_%E2%80%93_De_meteoris%2C_1488_%E2%80%93_BEIC_13302626.jpg/171px-Albertus_Magnus_%E2%80%93_De_meteoris%2C_1488_%E2%80%93_BEIC_13302626.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1329" data-file-height="1861" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>De meteoris</i>, 1488</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tides_and_the_Moon">Tides and the Moon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albertus_Magnus&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Tides and the Moon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Albert considered the tides to be influenced by the moon. Based on ancient Greek theories of light and <a href="/wiki/Abu_Ma%27shar_al-Balkhi" title="Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi">Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi</a>’s astrological explanations, he proposed a mixed theory where the Moon doubly attracts the water by its intrinsic astrological humid nature and by the heat that the moonlight produces.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Matter_and_form">Matter and form</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albertus_Magnus&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Matter and form"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Albert believed that all natural things were compositions of matter and form, to which he referred as <i>quod est</i> and <i>quo est</i>. Albert also believed that God alone is the absolute ruling entity. Albert's version of <a href="/wiki/Hylomorphism" title="Hylomorphism">hylomorphism</a> is very similar to the <a href="/wiki/Aristotelianism" title="Aristotelianism">Aristotelian</a> doctrine. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albertus_Magnus&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Albert is known for his commentary on the musical practice of his times. Most of his written musical observations are found in his commentary on Aristotle's <i>Poetics</i>. He rejected the idea of "<a href="/wiki/Musica_universalis" title="Musica universalis">music of the spheres</a>" as ridiculous: movement of astronomical bodies, he supposed, is incapable of generating sound. He wrote extensively on proportions in music, and on the three different subjective levels on which <a href="/wiki/Plainchant" class="mw-redirect" title="Plainchant">plainchant</a> could work on the human soul: purging of the impure; illumination leading to contemplation; and nourishing perfection through contemplation. Of particular interest to 20th-century music theorists is the attention he paid to silence as an integral part of music. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metaphysics_of_morals">Metaphysics of morals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albertus_Magnus&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Metaphysics of morals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Both of his early treatises, <i>De natura boni</i> and <i>De bono</i>, start with a metaphysical investigation into the concepts of the good in general and the physical good. Albert refers to the physical good as <i>bonum naturae</i>. Albert does this before directly dealing with the moral concepts of metaphysics. In Albert's later works, he says in order to understand human or moral goodness, the individual must first recognize what it means to be good and do good deeds. This procedure reflects Albert's preoccupations with neo-Platonic theories of good as well as the doctrines of <a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Dionysius" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudo-Dionysius">Pseudo-Dionysius</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Albert's view was highly valued by the Catholic Church and his peers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Natural_law">Natural law</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albertus_Magnus&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Natural law"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Albert devoted the last tractatus of <i>De Bono</i> to a theory of justice and <a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">natural law</a>. Albert places God as the pinnacle of justice and natural law. God legislates and divine authority is supreme. Up until his time, it was the only work specifically devoted to natural law written by a theologian or philosopher.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Friendship">Friendship</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albertus_Magnus&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Friendship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Albert mentions friendship in his work, <i>De bono</i>, as well as presenting his ideals and morals of friendship in the very beginning of <i>Tractatus II</i>. Later in his life he published <i>Super Ethica</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With his development of friendship throughout his work it is evident that friendship ideals and morals took relevance as his life went on. Albert comments on Aristotle's view of friendship with a quote from <a href="/wiki/Cicero" title="Cicero">Cicero</a>, who writes, "friendship is nothing other than the harmony between things divine and human, with goodwill and love". Albert agrees with this commentary but he also adds in harmony or agreement.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Albert calls this harmony, <i>consensio</i>, itself a certain kind of movement within the human spirit. Albert fully agrees with Aristotle in the sense that friendship is a virtue. Albert relates the inherent metaphysical contentedness between friendship and moral goodness. Albert describes several levels of goodness; the useful (<i>utile</i>), the pleasurable (<i>delectabile</i>) and the authentic or unqualified good (<i>honestum</i>). Then in turn there are three levels of friendship based on each of those levels, namely friendship based on usefulness (<i>amicitia utilis</i>), friendship based on pleasure (<i>amicitia delectabilis</i>), and friendship rooted in unqualified goodness (<i>amicitia honesti</i>; <i>amicitia quae fundatur super honestum</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_references">Cultural references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albertus_Magnus&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Cultural references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:France_Strasbourg_Cathedral_Tympanum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/France_Strasbourg_Cathedral_Tympanum.jpg/220px-France_Strasbourg_Cathedral_Tympanum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/France_Strasbourg_Cathedral_Tympanum.jpg/330px-France_Strasbourg_Cathedral_Tympanum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/France_Strasbourg_Cathedral_Tympanum.jpg/440px-France_Strasbourg_Cathedral_Tympanum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1524" data-file-height="1040" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Tympanum_(architecture)" title="Tympanum (architecture)">tympanum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Archivolt" title="Archivolt">archivolts</a> of <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg_Cathedral" title="Strasbourg Cathedral">Strasbourg Cathedral</a>, with iconography inspired by Albertus Magnus</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Iconography" title="Iconography">iconography</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Tympanum_(architecture)" title="Tympanum (architecture)">tympanum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Archivolt" title="Archivolt">archivolts</a> of the late 13th-century <a href="/wiki/Gate" title="Gate">portal</a> of <a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_de_Strasbourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Notre Dame de Strasbourg">Strasbourg Cathedral</a> was inspired by Albert's writings.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Albert is frequently mentioned by <a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri">Dante</a>, who made his doctrine of <a href="/wiki/Free_will" title="Free will">free will</a> the basis of his ethical system. In his <i><a href="/wiki/Divine_Comedy" title="Divine Comedy">Divine Comedy</a></i>, Dante places Albertus with his pupil Thomas Aquinas among the great lovers of wisdom (<i>Spiriti Sapienti</i>) in the Heaven of the Sun. </p><p>In <i><a href="/wiki/The_Concept_of_Anxiety" title="The Concept of Anxiety">The Concept of Anxiety</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8ren_Kierkegaard" title="Søren Kierkegaard">Søren Kierkegaard</a> wrote that Albert, "arrogantly boasted of his speculation before the deity and suddenly became stupid." Kierkegaard cites Gotthard Oswald Marbach whom he quotes as saying "<i>Albertus repente ex asino factus philosophus et ex philosopho asinus</i>" [Albert was suddenly transformed from an ass into a philosopher and from a philosopher into an ass].<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Mary_Shelley" title="Mary Shelley">Mary Shelley's</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein" title="Frankenstein">Frankenstein</a></i>, the titular scientist, <a href="/wiki/Victor_Frankenstein" title="Victor Frankenstein">Victor Frankenstein</a>, studies the works of Albertus Magnus.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Johann_Eduard_Erdmann" title="Johann Eduard Erdmann">Johann Eduard Erdmann</a> considers Albert greater and more original than his pupil <a href="/wiki/Aquinas" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquinas">Aquinas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Open_All_Hours" title="Open All Hours">Open All Hours</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arkwright_(Open_All_Hours)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arkwright (Open All Hours)">Arkwright</a> invents St Albert's day so <a href="/wiki/Granville_(Open_All_Hours)" class="mw-redirect" title="Granville (Open All Hours)">Granville</a> can check customers pockets.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influence_and_tribute">Influence and tribute</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albertus_Magnus&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Influence and tribute"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Albertus_Magnus_Painting_by_Joos_van_Gent.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Albertus_Magnus_Painting_by_Joos_van_Gent.jpeg/170px-Albertus_Magnus_Painting_by_Joos_van_Gent.jpeg" decoding="async" width="170" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/Albertus_Magnus_Painting_by_Joos_van_Gent.jpeg 1.5x" data-file-width="227" data-file-height="411" /></a><figcaption>Painting by <a href="/wiki/Joos_van_Wassenhove" class="mw-redirect" title="Joos van Wassenhove">Joos (Justus) van Gent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urbino" title="Urbino">Urbino</a>, c. 1475</figcaption></figure> <p>A number of schools have been named after Albert, including <a href="/wiki/Albertus_Magnus_High_School" title="Albertus Magnus High School">Albertus Magnus High School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bardonia,_New_York" title="Bardonia, New York">Bardonia, New York</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Albertus Magnus Lyceum in <a href="/wiki/River_Forest,_Illinois" title="River Forest, Illinois">River Forest, Illinois</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Albertus_Magnus_College" title="Albertus Magnus College">Albertus Magnus College</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_Haven,_Connecticut" title="New Haven, Connecticut">New Haven, Connecticut</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Albertus Magnus Science Hall at <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas_College" title="Thomas Aquinas College">Thomas Aquinas College</a>, in Santa Paula, California, is named in honor of Albert. The main science buildings at <a href="/wiki/Providence_College" title="Providence College">Providence College</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aquinas_College_(Michigan)" title="Aquinas College (Michigan)">Aquinas College</a> in Grand Rapids, Michigan, are also named after him. </p><p>The central square at the campus of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cologne" title="University of Cologne">University of Cologne</a> features a statue of Albert and is named after him. Made by <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Marcks" title="Gerhard Marcks">Gerhard Marcks</a> around 1950s, this statue is one of four replicas found in different places around the world (along with <a href="/wiki/University_of_Jena" title="University of Jena">University of Jena</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Andes_(Colombia)" title="University of the Andes (Colombia)">University of the Andes</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Houston" title="University of Houston">University of Houston</a><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Academy_for_Science_and_Design" title="Academy for Science and Design">Academy for Science and Design</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> honored Albert by naming one of its four houses Magnus House. </p><p>As a tribute to the scholar's contributions to the law, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Houston_Law_Center" title="University of Houston Law Center">University of Houston Law Center</a> displays a statue of Albert. It is located on the campus of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Houston" title="University of Houston">University of Houston</a>. </p><p>The Albertus-Magnus-Gymnasium is found in Rottweil, Germany. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Managua" title="Managua">Managua</a>, Nicaragua, the Albertus Magnus International Institute, a business and economic development research center, was founded in 2004. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:University_of_Santo_Tomas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/University_of_Santo_Tomas.jpg/220px-University_of_Santo_Tomas.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/University_of_Santo_Tomas.jpg/330px-University_of_Santo_Tomas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/University_of_Santo_Tomas.jpg/440px-University_of_Santo_Tomas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="682" /></a><figcaption>University of Santo Tomas in the Philippines</figcaption></figure> <p>In the Philippines, the Albertus Magnus Building at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Santo_Tomas" title="University of Santo Tomas">University of Santo Tomas</a> that houses the Conservatory of Music, College of Tourism and Hospitality Management, College of Education, and UST Education High School is named in his honor. <a href="/wiki/Saint_Albert_the_Great_Science_Academy" title="Saint Albert the Great Science Academy">The Saint Albert the Great Science Academy</a> in <a href="/wiki/San_Carlos,_Pangasinan" title="San Carlos, Pangasinan">San Carlos City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pangasinan" title="Pangasinan">Pangasinan</a>, which offers preschool, elementary and high school education, takes pride in having St. Albert as their patron saint. Its main building was named Albertus Magnus Hall in 2008. San Alberto Magno Academy in <a href="/wiki/Tubao" title="Tubao">Tubao</a>, <a href="/wiki/La_Union" title="La Union">La Union</a> is also dedicated in his honor. This century-old Catholic high school continues to live on its vision-mission up to this day, offering Senior High school courses. </p><p>Due to his contributions to natural philosophy, the bacterium <i>Agrobacterium albertimagni</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the plant species <i><a href="/wiki/Alberta_magna" title="Alberta magna">Alberta magna</a></i>, the crustacean <i>Bodigiella albertimagni</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the fossil brachiopod <i>Albasphe albertimagni</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the asteroid <a href="/wiki/20006_Albertus_Magnus" class="mw-redirect" title="20006 Albertus Magnus">20006 Albertus Magnus</a> were named after him. </p><p>Numerous Catholic elementary and secondary schools are named for him, including schools in Toronto; Calgary; Cologne; and Dayton, Ohio. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Albertus_(typeface)" title="Albertus (typeface)">Albertus typeface</a> is named after him.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Notre_Dame" title="University of Notre Dame">University of Notre Dame</a> du Lac in <a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame,_Indiana" title="Notre Dame, Indiana">Notre Dame, Indiana</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Zahm_Hall_(University_of_Notre_Dame)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zahm Hall (University of Notre Dame)">Zahm Hall</a> Chapel is dedicated to St. Albert the Great. <a href="/wiki/John_Augustine_Zahm" title="John Augustine Zahm">Fr. John Zahm, C.S.C.</a>, after whom the men's residence hall is named, looked to St. Albert's example of using religion to illumine scientific discovery. Fr. Zahm's work with the Bible and evolution is sometimes seen as a continuation of St. Albert's legacy. </p><p>The second largest student's fraternity of the Netherlands, located in the city of <a href="/wiki/Groningen" title="Groningen">Groningen</a>, is named Albertus Magnus, in honor of the saint. </p><p>The Colegio Cientifico y Artistico de San Alberto, Hopelawn, New Jersey, USA with a sister school in Nueva Ecija, Philippines was founded in 1986 in honor of him who thought and taught that religion, the sciences and the arts may be advocated as subjects which should not contradict each other but should support one another to achieve wisdom and reason. </p><p>The Vosloorus Catholic parish (located in Vosloorus Extension One, Ekurhuleni, Gauteng, South Africa) is named after the saint. </p><p>The Catholic parish in Leopoldshafen, near <a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe" title="Karlsruhe">Karlsruhe</a> in Germany is also named after him, too, since Albert is the patron saint of scientists and the <a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe_Institute_of_Technology" title="Karlsruhe Institute of Technology">Karlsruhe Institute of Technology</a> has a large research center nearby. </p><p>Since the death of <a href="/wiki/Albert_I_of_Belgium" title="Albert I of Belgium">King Albert I</a>, the <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Feast" title="King's Feast">King's Feast</a> is celebrated in Belgium on Albert's feast day. </p><p><a href="/wiki/St_Albert%27s_Catholic_Chaplaincy,_Edinburgh" title="St Albert's Catholic Chaplaincy, Edinburgh">Edinburgh's Catholic Chaplaincy</a> which serves the city's universities, is named after St Albert. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Alberto_Magno" title="Sant'Alberto Magno">Sant'Alberto Magno</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Titular_church" title="Titular church">titular church</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albertus_Magnus&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Translations">Translations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albertus_Magnus&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Translations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>The Paradise of the Soul: Forty-Two Virtues to Reach Heaven</i>, translated by Fr. Robert Nixon, OSB (Gastonia, NC: TAN Books: 2023) [translation of <i>Paradisus Animae</i>]</li></ul> <ul><li><i>On Fate</i>, translated by D.P. Curtin (Philadelphia, PA: Dalcassian Publishing Company: 2023) [translation of <i>De fato</i>]</li> <li><i>On Resurrection</i>, translated by Irven M. Resnick and Franklin T. Harkins (Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press: 2020) [translation of <i>De resurrectione</i>]</li> <li><i>On the Body of the Lord,</i> translated by Sr. Albert Marie Surmanski, OP (Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press: 2017) [translation of <i>De corpore Domini</i>]</li> <li><i>On the Causes of the Properties of the Elements</i>, translated by Irven M. Resnick (Milwaukee: Marquette University Press, 2010) [translation of <i>Liber de causis proprietatum elementorum</i>]</li> <li><i>Questions concerning Aristotle's on Animals</i>, translated by Irven M. Resnick and Kenneth F. Kitchell Jr. (Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press, 2008) [translation of <i>Quaestiones super De animalibus</i>]</li> <li><i>The Cardinal Virtues: Aquinas, Albert, and Philip the Chancellor</i>, translated by R. E. Houser (Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediæval Studies, 2004) [contains the translations of <i>Parisian Summa, part six: On the good</i> and <i>Commentary on the Sentences of Peter Lombard</i>, book 3, dist. 33 & 36]</li> <li><i>The Commentary of Albertus Magnus on Book 1 of Euclid's Elements of Geometry</i>, edited by Anthony Lo Bello (Boston: Brill Academic Publishers, 2003) [translation of <i>Priumus Euclidis cum commento Alberti</i>]</li> <li><i>On Animals: A Medieval Summa Zoologica</i>, translated by Kenneth F. Kitchell Jr. and Irven Michael Resnick (Baltimore; London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999) [translation of <i>De animalibus</i>]</li> <li>Paola Zambelli, <i>The Speculum Astronomiae and Its Enigma: Astrology, Theology, and Science in Albertus Magnus and His Contemporaries</i> (Dordrecht; Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1992) [includes Latin text and English translation of <i>Speculum astronomiae</i>]</li> <li><i>Albert & Thomas: Selected Writings</i>, translated by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Simon_Tugwell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simon Tugwell (page does not exist)">Simon Tugwell</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q93230954#sitelinks-wikipedia" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q93230954"><span title=""Simon Tugwell" in other languages">Wikidata</span></a>]</span>, Classics of Western Spirituality (New York: Paulist Press, 1988) [contains translation of <i>Super Dionysii Mysticam theologiam</i>]</li> <li><i>On Union with God</i>, translated by a Benedictine of Princethorpe Priory (London: Burns Oates & Washbourne, 1911) [reprinted as (Felinfach: Llanerch Enterprises, 1991) and (London: Continuum, 2000)] [translation of <i>De adherendo Deo</i>]</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albertus_Magnus&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mysticism" title="Christian mysticism">Christian mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_saints" title="List of Catholic saints">List of Catholic saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_Catholic_scientist-clerics" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Roman Catholic scientist-clerics">List of Roman Catholic scientist-clerics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholic_Church/Patron_Archive/November_15" title="Portal:Catholic Church/Patron Archive/November 15">Saint Albert the Great, patron saint archive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_in_the_Middle_Ages" class="mw-redirect" title="Science in the Middle Ages">Science in the Middle Ages</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albertus_Magnus&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Albertus Teutonicus, Albertus Coloniensis</i></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albertus_Magnus&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albertus_Magnus&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Albertus-Magnus">"St. Albertus Magnus"</a>. Britannica<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 19,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=St.+Albertus+Magnus&rft.pub=Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FSaint-Albertus-Magnus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbertus+Magnus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hilde de Ridder-Symoens (ed.). <i>A History of the University in Europe: Volume 1, Universities in the Middle Ages</i>, Cambridge University Press, 1991, p. 439.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Albertus Magnus, <i>De IV coaequaevis</i>, tract. 2, qu. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuchet-SuchauxPastoureau1994" class="citation book cs1">Duchet-Suchaux, Gaston; <a href="/wiki/Michel_Pastoureau" title="Michel Pastoureau">Pastoureau, Michel</a> (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UNNOAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Bible and the Saints</i></a>. Flammarion iconographic guides, ISSN 1258-2220. Flammarion. p. 325. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782080135643" title="Special:BookSources/9782080135643"><bdi>9782080135643</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 5,</span> 2023</span>. <q>Albert of Swabia, known as Albert the Great (Albertus Magnus) [...]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bible+and+the+Saints&rft.series=Flammarion+iconographic+guides%2C+ISSN+1258-2220&rft.pages=325&rft.pub=Flammarion&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9782080135643&rft.aulast=Duchet-Suchaux&rft.aufirst=Gaston&rft.au=Pastoureau%2C+Michel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUNNOAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbertus+Magnus" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://albertusmagnus.uwaterloo.ca/#:~:text=Albertus%20Magnus%20%28ca.%201200%E2%80%931280%29%20is%20one%20of%20the,Despite%20this%20fact%2C%20his%20ideas%20remain%20relatively%20understudied">"Alberti Magni e-corpus"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alberti+Magni+e-corpus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Falbertusmagnus.uwaterloo.ca%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DAlbertus%2520Magnus%2520%2528ca.%25201200%25E2%2580%25931280%2529%2520is%2520one%2520of%2520the%2CDespite%2520this%2520fact%252C%2520his%2520ideas%2520remain%2520relatively%2520understudied&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbertus+Magnus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeisheipl1980" class="citation cs2">Weisheipl, James A. (1980), "The Life and Works of St. Albert the Great", in Weisheipl, James A. (ed.), <i>Albertus Magnus and the Sciences: Commemorative Essays</i>, Studies and texts, vol. 49, Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, p. 46, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88844-049-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88844-049-5"><bdi>978-0-88844-049-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Life+and+Works+of+St.+Albert+the+Great&rft.btitle=Albertus+Magnus+and+the+Sciences%3A+Commemorative+Essays&rft.place=Toronto&rft.series=Studies+and+texts&rft.pages=46&rft.pub=Pontifical+Institute+of+Mediaeval+Studies&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0-88844-049-5&rft.aulast=Weisheipl&rft.aufirst=James+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbertus+Magnus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Joachim R. Söder, "Albert der Grosse – ein staunen- erregendes Wunder," <i>Wort und Antwort</i> 41 (2000): 145; J.A. Weisheipl, "Albertus Magnus," Joseph Strayer ed., Dictionary of the Middle Ages 1 (New York: Scribner, 1982) 129.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTugwell,_Simon1988" class="citation book cs1">Tugwell, Simon (1988). <i>Albert and Thomas</i>. New York: Paulist Press. pp. 3, 96, 97. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-08091-3022-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-08091-3022-1"><bdi>978-08091-3022-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Albert+and+Thomas&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=3%2C+96%2C+97&rft.pub=Paulist+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-08091-3022-1&rft.au=Tugwell%2C+Simon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbertus+Magnus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETugwell19884–5-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETugwell19884–5_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTugwell1988">Tugwell 1988</a>, pp. 4–5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kovach,_Francs_1980,_p.X-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kovach,_Francs_1980,_p.X_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kovach,_Francs_1980,_p.X_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kovach, Francs, and Rober Shahan. Albert the Great: Commemorative Essays . Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 1980, p. x.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kennedy-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kennedy_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kennedy_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kennedy_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01264a.htm">Kennedy, Daniel. "St. Albertus Magnus." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. 10 Sept. 2014</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrangeClément(Dom)Daunou1838" class="citation book cs1">Grange, Antoine Rivet de la; Clément, François; (Dom), Charles Clémencet; Daunou, Pierre Claude François; Clerc, Joseph Victor Le; Hauréau, Barthélemy; Meyer, Paul (1838). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LIYNAAAAQAAJ&q=bonushomo&pg=PA103"><i>Histoire littéraire de la France: XIIIe siècle</i></a>. Vol. 19. p. 103<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 27,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+litt%C3%A9raire+de+la+France%3A+XIIIe+si%C3%A8cle&rft.pages=103&rft.date=1838&rft.aulast=Grange&rft.aufirst=Antoine+Rivet+de+la&rft.au=Cl%C3%A9ment%2C+Fran%C3%A7ois&rft.au=%28Dom%29%2C+Charles+Cl%C3%A9mencet&rft.au=Daunou%2C+Pierre+Claude+Fran%C3%A7ois&rft.au=Clerc%2C+Joseph+Victor+Le&rft.au=Haur%C3%A9au%2C+Barth%C3%A9lemy&rft.au=Meyer%2C+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLIYNAAAAQAAJ%26q%3Dbonushomo%26pg%3DPA103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbertus+Magnus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Probably Florentius de Hidinio, a.k.a. Florentius Gallicus, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LIYNAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA103"><i>Histoire littéraire de la France: XIIIe siècle</i></a>, Volume 19, p. 104, Accessed October 27, 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pf4hAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA701"><i>Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics</i></a>, Volume 10, p. 701. Accessed 9 June 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.domcentral.org/study/opstudy.htm">Weisheipl O.P., J. A., "The Place of Study In the Ideal of St. Dominic"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101229185458/http://www.domcentral.org/study/opstudy.htm">Archived</a> 2010-12-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 1960. Accessed 19 March 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Markus-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Markus_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Markus_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Markus_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2014/entries/albert-great/">Führer, Markus, "Albert the Great", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2014 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.)</a>,</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130521042851/http://gemeinden.erzbistum-koeln.de/st_andreas_koeln/albertusMagnus/">"Zeittafel"</a>. Gemeinden.erzbistum-koeln.de. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gemeinden.erzbistum-koeln.de/st_andreas_koeln/albertusMagnus/">the original</a> on May 21, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 9,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Zeittafel&rft.pub=Gemeinden.erzbistum-koeln.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgemeinden.erzbistum-koeln.de%2Fst_andreas_koeln%2FalbertusMagnus%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbertus+Magnus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cruz_1977-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cruz_1977_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarroll_Cruz1977" class="citation book cs1">Carroll Cruz, Joan (1977). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/incorruptiblesst00cruz"><i>The Incorruptibles: A Study of the Incorruption of the Bodies of Various Catholic Saints and Beati</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Charlotte,_NC" class="mw-redirect" title="Charlotte, NC">Charlotte, NC</a>: TAN Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89555-066-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89555-066-8"><bdi>978-0-89555-066-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Incorruptibles%3A+A+Study+of+the+Incorruption+of+the+Bodies+of+Various+Catholic+Saints+and+Beati&rft.place=Charlotte%2C+NC&rft.pub=TAN+Books&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-0-89555-066-8&rft.aulast=Carroll+Cruz&rft.aufirst=Joan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fincorruptiblesst00cruz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbertus+Magnus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Füllenbach, Elias H.: The Canonization of Albert the Great in 1931, in: Fra trionfi e sconfitte. "Politica della santità" dell'Ordine dei predicatori, ed. by Viliam S. Doci and Gianni Festa, Rome 2021 (Dissertationes Historicae, vol. 39), p. 131-147. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/80171214/The_canonization_of_Albert_the_Great_in_1931">Article</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolpert2004" class="citation journal cs1">Wolpert, Lewis (September 1, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.mod.2004.04.021">"Much more from the chicken's egg than breakfast – a wonderful model system"</a>. <i>Mechanisms of Development</i>. <b>121</b> (9): <span class="nowrap">1015–</span>1017. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.mod.2004.04.021">10.1016/j.mod.2004.04.021</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0925-4773">0925-4773</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15296967">15296967</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:7065525">7065525</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mechanisms+of+Development&rft.atitle=Much+more+from+the+chicken%27s+egg+than+breakfast+%E2%80%93+a+wonderful+model+system&rft.volume=121&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1015-%3C%2Fspan%3E1017&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.issn=0925-4773&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A7065525%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15296967&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.mod.2004.04.021&rft.aulast=Wolpert&rft.aufirst=Lewis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.mod.2004.04.021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbertus+Magnus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWyckoff1967" class="citation book cs1">Wyckoff, Dorothy (1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/308059821ALBERTUSMAGNUSTheBookOfMinerals"><i>Book of Minerals</i></a>. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. Preface.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Book+of+Minerals&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=Preface&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1967&rft.aulast=Wyckoff&rft.aufirst=Dorothy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2F308059821ALBERTUSMAGNUSTheBookOfMinerals&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbertus+Magnus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Katz, David A., "An Illustrated History of Alchemy and Early Chemistry", 1978</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Georg Wieland, "Albert der Grosse. Der Entwurf einer eigenständigen Philosophie," Philosophen des Mittelalters (Darmstadt: Primus, 2000) 124-39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Walsh, John, <i>The Thirteenth, Greatest of Centuries.</i> 1907:46 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_rofAAAAIAAJ&dq=albertus+magnus+gold+minerals&pg=RA2-PA46">available online</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BuildingBlocks451-3-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BuildingBlocks451-3_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmsley2001" class="citation book cs1">Emsley, John (2001). <i>Nature's Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements</i>. Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. pp. 43, 513, 529. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-850341-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-850341-5"><bdi>978-0-19-850341-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nature%27s+Building+Blocks%3A+An+A-Z+Guide+to+the+Elements&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=43%2C+513%2C+529&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-850341-5&rft.aulast=Emsley&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbertus+Magnus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavidsonNational_High_Magnetic_Field_Laboratory_at_The_Florida_State_University2003" class="citation web cs1">Davidson, Michael W.; National High Magnetic Field Laboratory at The Florida State University (August 1, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100330045629/http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/optics/timeline/people/magnus.html">"Molecular Expressions: Science, Optics and You — Timeline — Albertus Magnus"</a>. The Florida State University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/optics/timeline/people/magnus.html">the original</a> on March 30, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Molecular+Expressions%3A+Science%2C+Optics+and+You+%E2%80%94+Timeline+%E2%80%94+Albertus+Magnus&rft.pub=The+Florida+State+University&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=Michael+W.&rft.au=National+High+Magnetic+Field+Laboratory+at+The+Florida+State+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmicro.magnet.fsu.edu%2Foptics%2Ftimeline%2Fpeople%2Fmagnus.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbertus+Magnus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSzabadváry1992" class="citation book cs1">Szabadváry, Ferenc (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=53APqy0KDaQC"><i>History of analytical chemistry</i></a>. 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"Unusual brachiopod fauna from the Middle Triassic algal meadows of Mt. Svilaja (Outer Dinarides, Croatia)". <i>Journal of Paleontology</i>. <b>89</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">553–</span>575. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JPal...89..553H">2015JPal...89..553H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fjpa.2015.34">10.1017/jpa.2015.34</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:131380210">131380210</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Paleontology&rft.atitle=Unusual+brachiopod+fauna+from+the+Middle+Triassic+algal+meadows+of+Mt.+Svilaja+%28Outer+Dinarides%2C+Croatia%29&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E553-%3C%2Fspan%3E575&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A131380210%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fjpa.2015.34&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2015JPal...89..553H&rft.aulast=Halamski&rft.aufirst=Adam+T.&rft.au=Bitner%2C+Maria+Aleksandra&rft.au=Kaim%2C+Andrzej&rft.au=Kolar-Jurkov%C5%A1ek%2C+Tea&rft.au=Jurkov%C5%A1ek%2C+Bogdan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbertus+Magnus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmbroseHarris2010" class="citation book cs1">Ambrose, Gavin; Harris, Paul (October 4, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UiM108dzif0C&q=albertus+magnus+typeface&pg=PA116"><i>The Visual Dictionary of Typography</i></a>. AVA. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782940411184" title="Special:BookSources/9782940411184"><bdi>9782940411184</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Visual+Dictionary+of+Typography&rft.pub=AVA&rft.date=2010-10-04&rft.isbn=9782940411184&rft.aulast=Ambrose&rft.aufirst=Gavin&rft.au=Harris%2C+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUiM108dzif0C%26q%3Dalbertus%2Bmagnus%2Btypeface%26pg%3DPA116&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbertus+Magnus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albertus_Magnus&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Sighart, Joachim (1876), <i><a href="//archive.org/details/albertthegreathi00sighuoft" class="extiw" title="iarchive:albertthegreathi00sighuoft">Albert the Great : his life and scholastic labours: from original documents</a></i>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTugwell1988" class="citation book cs1">Tugwell, Simon (1988). <i>Albert and Thomas</i>. New York: Paulist Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Albert+and+Thomas&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Paulist+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Tugwell&rft.aufirst=Simon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbertus+Magnus" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albertus_Magnus&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Collins, David J. "Albertus, Magnus or Magus? Magic, Natural Philosophy, and Religious Reform in the Late Middle Ages." <i>Renaissance Quarterly</i> 63, no. 1 (2010): 1–44.</li> <li>Honnefelder, Ludger (ed.) <i>Albertus Magnus and the Beginnings of the Medieval Reception of Aristotle in the Latin West. From Richardus Rufus to Franciscus de Mayronis</i>, (collection of essays in German and English), Münster Aschendorff, 2005.</li> <li>Jong, Jonathan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theschooloftheology.org/posts/essay/st-albertus-magnus-patron-of-science/">"Albert the Great: Patron Saint of Scientists"</a>, in: <i>St Mary Magdalen School of Theology</i>, Thinking Faithfully.</li> <li>Kovach, Francis J. & Shahan, Robert W. <i>Albert the Great. Commemorative Essays</i>, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1980.</li> <li>Lemay, Helen Rodnite. <i>Women's Secrets: A Translation of Pseudo-Albertus Magnus's</i> De secretis mulierum <i>with Commentaries.</i> SUNY Series in Medieval Studies. Albany: SUNY Press, 1992.</li> <li>Miteva, Evelina. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714223403/http://philosophy-e.com/the-soul-between-body-and-immortality-the-13th-century-debate-on-the-definition-of-the-human-rational-soul-as-form-and-substance/">"The Soul between Body and Immortality: The 13th Century Debate on the Definition of the Human Rational Soul as Form and Substance"</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc" title="Template:Usurped/doc">[usurped]</a></sup>, in: <i>Philosophia: E-Journal of Philosophy and Culture</i>, 1/2012. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1314-5606">1314-5606</a>.</li> <li>Resnick, Irven (ed.), <i>A Companion to Albert the Great: Theology, Philosophy, and the Sciences</i>, Leiden, Brill, 2013.</li> <li>Resnick, Irven e Kitchell Jr, Kenneth (eds.), <i>Albert the Great: A Selective Annotated Bibliography</i>, (1900–2000), Tempe, Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 2004.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWallace1970" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Wallace, William A. (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.u.arizona.edu/~aversa/scholastic/Dictionary%20of%20Scientific%20Biography/Albertus%20Magnus%20(Wallace).pdf">"Albertus Magnus, Saint"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. In Gillispie, Charles (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_Scientific_Biography" title="Dictionary of Scientific Biography">Dictionary of Scientific Biography</a></i>. Vol. 1. New York: Scribner & American Council of Learned Societies. pp. <span class="nowrap">99–</span>103. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-684-10114-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-684-10114-9"><bdi>978-0-684-10114-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Albertus+Magnus%2C+Saint&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Scientific+Biography&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E99-%3C%2Fspan%3E103&rft.pub=Scribner+%26+American+Council+of+Learned+Societies&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=978-0-684-10114-9&rft.aulast=Wallace&rft.aufirst=William+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.u.arizona.edu%2F~aversa%2Fscholastic%2FDictionary%2520of%2520Scientific%2520Biography%2FAlbertus%2520Magnus%2520%28Wallace%29.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbertus+Magnus" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading 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rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/38247">Works by Albertus Magnus</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Magnus%2C%20Albertus%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Albertus%20Magnus%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Magnus%2C%20Albertus%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Albertus%20Magnus%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Magnus%2C%20A%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Albertus%20Magnus%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Magnus%2C%20Albertus%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Albertus%20Magnus%22%29%20OR%20%28%221200-1280%22%20AND%20Magnus%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Albertus Magnus</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Great%2C%20Albert%20the%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Great%2C%20Albert%20t%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Great%2C%20A%2E%20t%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Albert%20the%20Great%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Albert%20t%2E%20Great%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22A%2E%20t%2E%20Great%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Great%2C%20Albert%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Albert%20Great%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Albert%20the%20Great%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Albert%20t%2E%20Great%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22A%2E%20t%2E%20Great%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22A%2E%20the%20Great%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Great%2C%20Albert%20the%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Great%2C%20Albert%20t%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Great%2C%20A%2E%20t%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Great%2C%20A%2E%20the%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Albert%20Great%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Great%2C%20Albert%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Albert%20the%20Great%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Albert%20t%2E%20Great%22%20OR%20title%3A%22A%2E%20t%2E%20Great%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Albert%20Great%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Albert%20the%20Great%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Albert%20t%2E%20Great%22%20OR%20description%3A%22A%2E%20t%2E%20Great%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Great%2C%20Albert%20the%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Great%2C%20Albert%20t%2E%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Albert%20Great%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Great%2C%20Albert%22%29%20OR%20%28%221200-1280%22%20AND%20Great%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Albert the Great</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/5669">Works by Albertus Magnus</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFührer" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Führer, Markus. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/albert-great/">"Albert the Great"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Edward_N._Zalta" title="Edward N. Zalta">Zalta, Edward N.</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Encyclopedia_of_Philosophy" title="Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy">Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Albert+the+Great&rft.btitle=Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.aulast=F%C3%BChrer&rft.aufirst=Markus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Fentries%2Falbert-great%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbertus+Magnus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennedy1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Kennedy, D.J. (1913). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/St. Albertus Magnus"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/St._Albertus_Magnus">"St. Albertus Magnus" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=St.+Albertus+Magnus&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.date=1913&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=D.J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbertus+Magnus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.albertusmagnus.uwaterloo.ca/">Alberti Magni Works in Latin Online</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.renaissanceastrology.com/albertusmagnus.html">Albertus Magnus on Astrology & Magic</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.skyscript.co.uk/magnus.html">"Albertus Magnus & Prognostication by the Stars"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070606230446/http://www.farlang.com/gemstones/magnus-virtue-stones/page_001">Albertus Magnus: "Secrets of the Virtues of Herbs, Stones and Certain Beasts"</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc" title="Template:Usurped/doc">[usurped]</a></sup>, London, 1604, full online version.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saintsbooks.net/books/St.%20Albert%20the%20Great%20-%20On%20Cleaving%20to%20God%20-%20De%20Adhaerendo%20Deo%20-%20Latin%20and%20English%20Edition.html"><i>Albertus Magnus – De Adhaerendo Deo – On Cleaving to God</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hos.ou.edu/galleries/03Medieval/AlbertusMagnus/">Online Galleries, History of Science Collections, University of Oklahoma Libraries</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210506171832/http://hos.ou.edu/galleries/03Medieval/AlbertusMagnus/">Archived</a> May 6, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – High resolution images of works by Albertus Magnus in .jpg and .tiff format.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://roderic.uv.es/handle/10550/2407/browse?value=Albert%2C+Magne%2C+sant%2C+1193%3F-1280&type=author">Albertus Magnus works</a> at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://roderic.uv.es/handle/10550/43">SOMNI</a> in the collection of the <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand,_Duke_of_Calabria" title="Ferdinand, Duke of Calabria">Duke of Calabria</a>. <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://roderic.uv.es/handle/10550/22005">Alberti Magni De laudibus beate Mariae Virginis</a>, Italian digitized codex of 1476 with a completed transcription of his work "Liber de laudibus gloriosissime Dei genitricis Marie"</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://roderic.uv.es/uv_ms_0390">Albertus Magnus De mirabili scientia Dei</a>, Italian digitized codex of 1484 with a transcription of the first part of his <i>Summa Theologicae</i>.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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.hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Order_of_Preachers512" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:black;color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dominican_Order" title="Template:Dominican Order"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dominican_Order" title="Template talk:Dominican Order"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dominican_Order" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dominican Order"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Order_of_Preachers512" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order"><span style="color:white;">Order of Preachers</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:black;color:white;"><div>A list of all the congregations, notable members, priories, churches, and convents of the Order of Preachers (Dominicans)</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:black;color:white;"><div id="Members_of_the_Dominican_Order512" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Members of the Dominican Order</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black;color:white;;width:1%">Beatified Dominicans</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_of_Jesus" title="Agnes of Jesus">Agnes of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_degli_Andal%C3%B2" title="Diana degli Andalò">Diana degli Andalò</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Franchi" title="Andrea Franchi">Andrea Franchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fra_Angelico" title="Fra Angelico">Fra Angelico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simone_Ballachi" title="Simone Ballachi">Simone Ballachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XI" title="Pope Benedict XI">Pope Benedict XI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_Jaricot" title="Pauline Jaricot">Pauline Jaricot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benvenuta_Bojani" title="Benvenuta Bojani">Benvenuta Bojani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Brocadelli" title="Lucy Brocadelli">Lucy Brocadelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jose_Gabriel_del_Rosario_Brochero" title="Jose Gabriel del Rosario Brochero">Jose Gabriel del Rosario Brochero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Carrieri" class="mw-redirect" title="Matthew Carrieri">Matthew Carrieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Racconigi" title="Catherine of Racconigi">Catherine of Racconigi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiara_Gambacorti" title="Chiara Gambacorti">Chiara Gambacorti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_della_Chiesa" title="Antonio della Chiesa">Antonio della Chiesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columba_of_Rieti" title="Columba of Rieti">Columba of Rieti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyacinthe-Marie_Cormier" title="Hyacinthe-Marie Cormier">Hyacinthe-Marie Cormier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domenico_Spadafora" title="Domenico Spadafora">Domenico Spadafora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dominici" title="John Dominici">John Dominici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margareta_Ebner" title="Margareta Ebner">Margareta Ebner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilia_Bicchieri" title="Emilia Bicchieri">Emilia Bicchieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_Fangi" title="Augustine Fangi">Augustine Fangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Mart%C3%ADn_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_Posadas" title="Francisco Martín Fernández de Posadas">Francisco Martín Fernández de Posadas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pier_Giorgio_Frassati" title="Pier Giorgio Frassati">Pier Giorgio Frassati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Peter González">Peter González</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buz%C3%A1d_Hah%C3%B3t" title="Buzád Hahót">Buzád Hahót</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humbert_of_Romans" title="Humbert of Romans">Humbert of Romans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Vercelli" title="John of Vercelli">John of Vercelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_of_Saxony" title="Jordan of Saxony">Jordan of Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ana_of_the_Angels_Monteagudo" title="Ana of the Angels Monteagudo">Ana of the Angels Monteagudo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man%C3%A9s_de_Guzm%C3%A1n" title="Manés de Guzmán">Manés de Guzmán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Castello" title="Margaret of Castello">Margaret of Castello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Bagnesi" title="Maria Bagnesi">Maria Bagnesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascensi%C3%B3n_Nicol_y_Go%C3%B1i" title="Ascensión Nicol y Goñi">Ascensión Nicol y Goñi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osanna_of_Mantua" title="Osanna of Mantua">Osanna of Mantua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicola_Paglia" title="Nicola Paglia">Nicola Paglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maddalena_Panattieri" title="Maddalena Panattieri">Maddalena Panattieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_Spicola_of_Pontecorvo" title="Luke Spicola of Pontecorvo">Luke Spicola of Pontecorvo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Poussepin" title="Marie Poussepin">Marie Poussepin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephana_de_Quinzanis" title="Stephana de Quinzanis">Stephana de Quinzanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Scammacca" title="Bernardo Scammacca">Bernardo Scammacca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebastian_Maggi" title="Sebastian Maggi">Sebastian Maggi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Suso" title="Henry Suso">Henry Suso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_of_Capua" title="Raymond of Capua">Raymond of Capua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_of_Orleans" title="Reginald of Orleans">Reginald of Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villana_de%27_Botti" title="Villana de' Botti">Villana de' Botti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black;color:white;;width:1%">Congregations of Nuns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_the_Sisters_of_the_Blessed_Sacrament" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregation of the Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament">Congregation of the Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Convent,_Regensburg" title="Dominican Convent, Regensburg">Dominican Nuns of the Holy Cross Convent, Regensburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Nuns_of_the_Perpetual_Rosary" title="Dominican Nuns of the Perpetual Rosary">Dominican Nuns of the Perpetual Rosary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_the_Angels" title="Monastery of the Angels">Dominicans of the Monastery of the Angels, Karachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominicans_of_the_Monastery_of_the_Heart_of_Jesus_%E2%80%93_Lockport,_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominicans of the Monastery of the Heart of Jesus – Lockport, Louisiana">Dominicans of the Monastery of the Heart of Jesus, Lockport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black;color:white;;width:1%">Congregations of Sisters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Dominican_Sisters" title="Adrian Dominican Sisters">Adrian Dominican Sisters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Convent,_Ilanz" title="Dominican Convent, Ilanz">Dominican Sisters of Ilanz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Sisters_of_Blauvelt" title="Dominican Sisters of Blauvelt">Dominican Sisters of Blauvelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Sisters_of_Hawthorne" title="Dominican Sisters of Hawthorne">Dominican Sisters of Hawthorne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Sisters_of_Peace" title="Dominican Sisters of Peace">Dominican Sisters of Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Sisters_of_St._Catherine_of_Siena" title="Dominican Sisters of St. Catherine of Siena">Dominican Sisters of St. Catherine of Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Sisters_of_St._Cecilia" title="Dominican Sisters of St. Cecilia">Dominican Sisters of St. Cecilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Sisters_of_the_Annunciation_of_the_Blessed_Virgin" title="Dominican Sisters of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin">Dominican Sisters of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Sisters_of_the_Immaculate_Conception" title="Dominican Sisters of the Immaculate Conception">Dominican Sisters of the Immaculate Conception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Sisters_of_Grand_Rapids" title="Dominican Sisters of Grand Rapids">Dominican Sisters of Grand Rapids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Sisters_of_San_Rafael" title="Dominican Sisters of San Rafael">Dominican Sisters of San Rafael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Sisters_of_Mary,_Mother_of_the_Eucharist" title="Dominican Sisters of Mary, Mother of the Eucharist">Dominican Sisters of Mary, Mother of the Eucharist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Sisters_of_Sparkill" title="Dominican Sisters of Sparkill">Dominican Sisters of Sparkill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racine_Dominican_Sisters" title="Racine Dominican Sisters">Racine Dominican Sisters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinsinawa_Dominican_Sisters" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinsinawa Dominican Sisters">Sinsinawa Dominican Sisters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black;color:white;;width:1%">Dominican Bishops</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diego_de_Aguilar_(bishop)" title="Diego de Aguilar (bishop)">Diego de Aguilar (bishop)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Alberti_(bishop)" title="Johannes Alberti (bishop)">Johannes Alberti (bishop)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jose_Advincula" title="Jose Advincula">Jose Advincula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%B2_Albertini" title="Nicolò Albertini">Nicolò Albertini</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Albertus Magnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernardo_de_Albuquerque" title="Bernardo de Albuquerque">Bernardo de Albuquerque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domingo_de_Alzola" title="Domingo de Alzola">Domingo de Alzola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Franchi" title="Andrea Franchi">Andrea Franchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodolfo_Fontiveros_Beltran" title="Rodolfo Fontiveros Beltran">Rodolfo Fontiveros Beltran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teodoro_Bacani_Jr." title="Teodoro Bacani Jr.">Teodoro Bacani Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufino_Sescon" title="Rufino Sescon">Rufino Sescon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Sipalay" title="Napoleon Sipalay">Napoleon Sipalay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_S._Palma" title="José S. Palma">José S. Palma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socrates_Villegas" title="Socrates Villegas">Socrates Villegas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoninus_of_Florence" title="Antoninus of Florence">Antoninus of Florence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Balardi_Arrigoni" title="Giacomo Balardi Arrigoni">Giacomo Balardi Arrigoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Azpiroz_Costa" title="Carlos Azpiroz Costa">Carlos Azpiroz Costa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniele_Barboli" title="Daniele Barboli">Daniele Barboli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Leo" title="Frank Leo">Frank Leo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Natali_(bishop)" title="Giovanni Battista Natali (bishop)">Giovanni Battista Natali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archangelo_de%27_Bianchi" class="mw-redirect" title="Archangelo de' Bianchi">Archangelo de' Bianchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciscus_Buratti" title="Franciscus Buratti">Franciscus Buratti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Burke_(bishop)" title="James Burke (bishop)">James Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_Cabeza_de_Vaca" title="Martín Cabeza de Vaca">Martín Cabeza de Vaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_la_C%C3%A1mara_y_Raya" title="Francisco de la Cámara y Raya">Francisco de la Cámara y Raya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cammerota" title="Thomas Cammerota">Thomas Cammerota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrosius_Capello" title="Ambrosius Capello">Ambrosius Capello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_de_C%C3%A1rdenas" title="Tomás de Cárdenas">Tomás de Cárdenas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_of_Carniola" title="Andrew of Carniola">Andrew of Carniola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartolom%C3%A9_de_las_Casas" title="Bartolomé de las Casas">Bartolomé de las Casas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_de_la_Cerda_(bishop)" title="Alfonso de la Cerda (bishop)">Alfonso de la Cerda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jer%C3%B3nimo_Clavijo" title="Jerónimo Clavijo">Jerónimo Clavijo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Vesco" title="Jean-Paul Vesco">Jean-Paul Vesco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Cogorno" title="Antonio Cogorno">Antonio Cogorno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._Luke_Concanen" title="R. Luke Concanen">R. Luke Concanen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Connolly_(bishop)" title="John Connolly (bishop)">John Connolly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorio_Cruz" title="Gregorio Cruz">Gregorio Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Celestin_Daly" title="Edward Celestin Daly">Edward Celestin Daly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Darius" title="Vincent Darius">Vincent Darius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agust%C3%ADn_D%C3%A1vila_Padilla" title="Agustín Dávila Padilla">Agustín Dávila Padilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_James_Dempsey" title="Michael James Dempsey">Michael James Dempsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Augustine_Di_Noia" title="Joseph Augustine Di Noia">Joseph Augustine Di Noia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giulio_Doffi" title="Giulio Doffi">Giulio Doffi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dominici" title="John Dominici">John Dominici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Vesco" title="Jean-Paul Vesco">Jean-Paul Vesco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_de_Doncelli" title="Vincenzo de Doncelli">Vincenzo de Doncelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Drago" title="Alberto Drago">Alberto Drago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Ercolano" title="Vincenzo Ercolano">Vincenzo Ercolano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Fabri" title="Georg Fabri">Georg Fabri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Fenwick" title="Edward Fenwick">Edward Fenwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felipe_Fernandez_de_Pardo" title="Felipe Fernandez de Pardo">Felipe Fernandez de Pardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Fisher" title="Anthony Fisher">Anthony Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eustache_Fontana" title="Eustache Fontana">Eustache Fontana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serafino_Fortibraccia" title="Serafino Fortibraccia">Serafino Fortibraccia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrosio_Fracassini" title="Ambrosio Fracassini">Ambrosio Fracassini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felipe_Galindo_Ch%C3%A1vez_y_Pineda" title="Felipe Galindo Chávez y Pineda">Felipe Galindo Chávez y Pineda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_de_Galonifontibus" title="Johannes de Galonifontibus">Johannes de Galonifontibus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_III_of_Soltaniyeh" title="John III of Soltaniyeh">John III of Soltaniyeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludovico_Giamagna" title="Ludovico Giamagna">Ludovico Giamagna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Gonz%C3%A1lez_(bishop)" title="Andrés González (bishop)">Andrés González</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_de_Gozzo" class="mw-redirect" title="Pietro de Gozzo">Pietro de Gozzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Grace_(Bishop_of_Saint_Paul)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Grace (Bishop of Saint Paul)">Thomas Grace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Guerra_(bishop)" title="Alfonso Guerra (bishop)">Alfonso Guerra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_de_Hervias" title="Antonio de Hervias">Antonio de Hervias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Heysterbach" title="Jean Heysterbach">Jean Heysterbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Howden_(bishop)" title="John Howden (bishop)">John Howden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_of_Ibelin,_bishop_of_Limassol" class="mw-redirect" title="Guy of Ibelin, bishop of Limassol">Guy of Ibelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrik_Kalteisen" title="Henrik Kalteisen">Henrik Kalteisen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_C._Kelly" title="Thomas C. Kelly">Thomas C. Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Thaddeus_Lawton" title="Edward Thaddeus Lawton">Edward Thaddeus Lawton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Lazzari" title="Giorgio Lazzari">Giorgio Lazzari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartolom%C3%A9_de_Ledesma" title="Bartolomé de Ledesma">Bartolomé de Ledesma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginaldo_de_Liz%C3%A1rraga" title="Reginaldo de Lizárraga">Reginaldo de Lizárraga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jer%C3%B3nimo_de_Loayza" title="Jerónimo de Loayza">Jerónimo de Loayza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eustachio_Locatelli" title="Eustachio Locatelli">Eustachio Locatelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umberto_Locati" title="Umberto Locati">Umberto Locati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartolomeo_Lopaci" title="Bartolomeo Lopaci">Bartolomeo Lopaci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_L%C3%B3pez_(archbishop)" class="mw-redirect" title="Juan López (archbishop)">Juan Lópe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Marquet" title="Giovanni Marquet">Giovanni Marquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_of_Opava" title="Martin of Opava">Martin of Opava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartolom%C3%A9_Martinez_Menacho_y_Mesa" title="Bartolomé Martinez Menacho y Mesa">Bartolomé Martinez Menacho y Mesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascase_Maupair" title="Pascase Maupair">Pascase Maupair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefan_Antonin_Mdzewski" class="mw-redirect" title="Stefan Antonin Mdzewski">Stefan Antonin Mdzewski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godfried_van_Mierlo" title="Godfried van Mierlo">Godfried van Mierlo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Isaresi_della_Mirandola" title="Paolo Isaresi della Mirandola">Paolo Isaresi della Mirandola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Molitoris" title="Hermann Molitoris">Hermann Molitoris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_de_Monroy" title="Antonio de Monroy">Antonio de Monroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alonso_de_Mont%C3%BAfar" title="Alonso de Montúfar">Alonso de Montúfar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munio_of_Zamora" title="Munio of Zamora">Munio of Zamora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Naranjo" title="Francisco Naranjo">Francisco Naranjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girolamo_Michele_Nichesola" title="Girolamo Michele Nichesola">Girolamo Michele Nichesola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berthold_von_Oberg" title="Berthold von Oberg">Berthold von Oberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Padrolo" title="Michael Padrolo">Michael Padrolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysius_Part" title="Dionysius Part">Dionysius Part</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Pascaleo" title="Alberto Pascaleo">Alberto Pascaleo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Payl" title="Richard Payl">Richard Payl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_de_la_Pe%C3%B1a" title="Pedro de la Peña">Pedro de la Peña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicente_de_Peraza" title="Vicente de Peraza">Vicente de Peraza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Pico" title="Paolo Pico">Paolo Pico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigfried_Piscator" title="Sigfried Piscator">Sigfried Piscator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponsa" title="Ponsa">Ponsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Ponticorona" title="Antonio Ponticorona">Antonio Ponticorona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agostino_Quinzio" title="Agostino Quinzio">Agostino Quinzio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Ram%C3%ADrez_de_Arellano_(bishop)" title="Juan Ramírez de Arellano (bishop)">Juan Ramírez de Arellano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Ram%C3%ADrez_de_Salamanca" title="Miguel Ramírez de Salamanca">Miguel Ramírez de Salamanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_Riva" title="Raphael Riva">Raphael Riva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crist%C3%B3bal_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Ju%C3%A1rez" title="Cristóbal Rodríguez Juárez">Cristóbal Rodríguez Juárez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Romano" title="Giovanni Romano">Giovanni Romano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginaldo_Romero" title="Reginaldo Romero">Reginaldo Romero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_von_R%C3%BCbenach" title="Heinrich von Rübenach">Heinrich von Rübenach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abel_de_Saint-Brieuc" title="Abel de Saint-Brieuc">Abel de Saint-Brieuc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_of_Saint-Cher" title="Hugh of Saint-Cher">Hugh of Saint-Cher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Salamanca" title="Juan de Salamanca">Juan de Salamanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_(bishop_of_Finland)" title="Thomas (bishop of Finland)">Thomas, bishop of Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_of_Mancasola" title="Thomas of Mancasola">Thomas of Mancasola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommaso_da_San_Cipriano" title="Tommaso da San Cipriano">Tommaso da San Cipriano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Sanz" title="Peter Sanz">Peter Sanz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christoph_Sch%C3%B6nborn" title="Christoph Schönborn">Christoph Schönborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommaso_Scotti" title="Tommaso Scotti">Tommaso Scotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Silva_y_Tenorio" title="Pedro Silva y Tenorio">Pedro Silva y Tenorio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Solano" title="Juan Solano">Juan Solano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sproten" title="John Sproten">John Sproten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Suppa" title="Luigi Suppa">Luigi Suppa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Tideln" title="Johannes Tideln">Johannes Tideln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_de_Torres" title="Miguel de Torres">Miguel de Torres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pablo_de_Torres_(bishop)" title="Pablo de Torres (bishop)">Pablo de Torres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burchard_Tuberflug" title="Burchard Tuberflug">Burchard Tuberflug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domingo_de_Ulloa" title="Domingo de Ulloa">Domingo de Ulloa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domingo_Valderrama_y_Centeno" title="Domingo Valderrama y Centeno">Domingo Valderrama y Centeno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_de_Valdivieso" title="Antonio de Valdivieso">Antonio de Valdivieso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicente_de_Valverde" title="Vicente de Valverde">Vicente de Valverde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincente_de_Valverde" title="Vincente de Valverde">Vincente de Valverde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitas_(bishop)" title="Vitas (bishop)">Vitas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Wildeshausen" title="John of Wildeshausen">John of Wildeshausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Witte_Hoos" class="mw-redirect" title="Juan de Witte Hoos">Juan de Witte Hoos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Xague" title="Pedro Xague">Pedro Xague</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black;color:white;;width:1%">Dominican Cardinals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%B2_Albertini" title="Nicolò Albertini">Nicolò Albertini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Browne_(cardinal)" title="Michael Browne (cardinal)">Michael Browne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves_Congar" title="Yves Congar">Yves Congar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dominici" title="John Dominici">John Dominici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Fr%C3%BChwirth" title="Andreas Frühwirth">Andreas Frühwirth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_of_Saint-Cher" title="Hugh of Saint-Cher">Hugh of Saint-Cher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christoph_Sch%C3%B6nborn" title="Christoph Schönborn">Christoph Schönborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jose_Advincula" title="Jose Advincula">Jose Advincula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Torquemada_(cardinal)" title="Juan de Torquemada (cardinal)">Juan de Torquemada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Vesco" title="Jean-Paul Vesco">Jean-Paul Vesco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Leo" title="Frank Leo">Frank Leo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Radcliffe" title="Timothy Radcliffe">Timothy Radcliffe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black;color:white;;width:1%">Dominican Martyrs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Abrikosova" title="Anna Abrikosova">Anna Abrikosova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Cancer" class="mw-redirect" title="Luis Cancer">Luis Cancer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Ferdinand_de_Capillas" title="Francis Ferdinand de Capillas">Francis Ferdinand de Capillas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buz%C3%A1d_Hah%C3%B3t" title="Buzád Hahót">Buzád Hahót</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Cologne" title="John of Cologne">John of Cologne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Gorkum" title="Martyrs of Gorkum">Martyrs of Gorkum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_and_Ninety_Companions" title="Paul and Ninety Companions">Paul and Ninety Companions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Sanz" title="Peter Sanz">Peter Sanz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomasian_Martyrs" title="Thomasian Martyrs">17 Thomasian Martyrs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black;color:white;;width:1%">Dominican Missionaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jer%C3%B3nimo_de_Loayza" title="Jerónimo de Loayza">Jerónimo de Loayza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luise_Radlmeier" title="Luise Radlmeier">Luise Radlmeier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Sanz" title="Peter Sanz">Peter Sanz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Solano" title="Juan Solano">Juan Solano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincente_de_Valverde" title="Vincente de Valverde">Vincente de Valverde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_%C3%81lvarez_Fern%C3%A1ndez" title="José Álvarez Fernández">José Álvarez Fernández</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Hofstee" title="Leo Hofstee">Leo Hofstee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black;color:white;;width:1%">Dominican Mystics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_of_Jesus" title="Agnes of Jesus">Agnes of Jesus</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Albertus Magnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benvenuta_Bojani" title="Benvenuta Bojani">Benvenuta Bojani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Brocadelli" title="Lucy Brocadelli">Lucy Brocadelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Racconigi" title="Catherine of Racconigi">Catherine of Racconigi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Siena" title="Catherine of Siena">Catherine of Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columba_of_Rieti" title="Columba of Rieti">Columba of Rieti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christina_Ebner" title="Christina Ebner">Christina Ebner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margareta_Ebner" title="Margareta Ebner">Margareta Ebner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Jesus_de_Le%C3%B3n_y_Delgado" title="Mary of Jesus de León y Delgado">Mary of Jesus de León y Delgado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_of_Granada" title="Louis of Granada">Louis of Granada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osanna_of_Mantua" title="Osanna of Mantua">Osanna of Mantua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephana_de_Quinzanis" title="Stephana de Quinzanis">Stephana de Quinzanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Ricci" class="mw-redirect" title="Catherine of Ricci">Catherine of Ricci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_of_Lima" title="Rose of Lima">Rose of Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elsbeth_Stagel" title="Elsbeth Stagel">Elsbeth Stagel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Suso" title="Henry Suso">Henry Suso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simone_Weil" title="Simone Weil">Simone Weil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black;color:white;;width:1%">Dominican Nuns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Abrikosova" title="Anna Abrikosova">Anna Abrikosova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_of_Denmark" title="Agnes of Denmark">Agnes of Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_of_Jesus" title="Agnes of Jesus">Agnes of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_of_Montepulciano" title="Agnes of Montepulciano">Agnes of Montepulciano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_degli_Andal%C3%B2" title="Diana degli Andalò">Diana degli Andalò</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concepci%C3%B3n_Arg%C3%BCello" title="Concepción Argüello">Concepción Argüello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Beata_de_Piedrahita" class="mw-redirect" title="La Beata de Piedrahita">La Beata de Piedrahita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Borkowska_(Sister_Bertranda)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anna Borkowska (Sister Bertranda)">Sister Bertranda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Branca,_Lady_of_Guadalajara" title="Infanta Branca, Lady of Guadalajara">Infanta Branca, Lady of Guadalajara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violante_do_Ceo" class="mw-redirect" title="Violante do Ceo">Violante do Ceo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiara_Gambacorti" title="Chiara Gambacorti">Chiara Gambacorti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_Chikaba" title="Teresa Chikaba">Teresa Chikaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Vittoria_Dolara" title="Anna Vittoria Dolara">Anna Vittoria Dolara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augusta_Theodosia_Drane" title="Augusta Theodosia Drane">Augusta Theodosia Drane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christina_Ebner" title="Christina Ebner">Christina Ebner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margareta_Ebner" title="Margareta Ebner">Margareta Ebner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Gorodets" title="Stephanie Gorodets">Stephanie Gorodets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_T%C3%B6ss" title="Elizabeth of Töss">Elizabeth of Töss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilia_Bicchieri" title="Emilia Bicchieri">Emilia Bicchieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Fresen" title="Patricia Fresen">Patricia Fresen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irmengard_of_Oettingen" title="Irmengard of Oettingen">Irmengard of Oettingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_Irvine" title="Marion Irvine">Marion Irvine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Jarrige" title="Catherine Jarrige">Catherine Jarrige</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanna,_Princess_of_Portugal" title="Joanna, Princess of Portugal">Joanna, Princess of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theresa_Kugel" title="Theresa Kugel">Theresa Kugel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Margaret_of_Fontana" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Margaret of Fontana">Saint Margaret of Fontana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Hungary_(saint)" title="Margaret of Hungary (saint)">Margaret of Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juliana_Morell" title="Juliana Morell">Juliana Morell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osanna_of_Cattaro" title="Osanna of Cattaro">Osanna of Cattaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lea_R%C3%A1skay" title="Lea Ráskay">Lea Ráskay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartolomea_Riccoboni" title="Bartolomea Riccoboni">Bartolomea Riccoboni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nora_Rubashova" title="Nora Rubashova">Nora Rubashova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elsbeth_Stagel" title="Elsbeth Stagel">Elsbeth Stagel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yolanda_of_Vianden" title="Yolanda of Vianden">Yolanda of Vianden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Petra_Giordano" title="Maria Petra Giordano">Maria Petra Giordano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black;color:white;;width:1%">Dominican Popes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XI" title="Pope Benedict XI">Pope Benedict XI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XIII" title="Pope Benedict XIII">Pope Benedict XIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_V" title="Pope Innocent V">Pope Innocent V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_V" title="Pope Pius V">Pope Pius V</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black;color:white;;width:1%">Dominican Saints</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_of_Montepulciano" title="Agnes of Montepulciano">Agnes of Montepulciano</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Albertus Magnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoninus_of_Florence" title="Antoninus of Florence">Antoninus of Florence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Bertrand_(saint)" title="Louis Bertrand (saint)">Louis Bertrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Ferdinand_de_Capillas" title="Francis Ferdinand de Capillas">Francis Ferdinand de Capillas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Siena" title="Catherine of Siena">Catherine of Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Dominic" title="Saint Dominic">Saint Dominic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Ferrer" title="Vincent Ferrer">Vincent Ferrer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie-Alphonsine_Danil_Ghattas" title="Marie-Alphonsine Danil Ghattas">Marie-Alphonsine Danil Ghattas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyacinth_of_Poland" title="Hyacinth of Poland">Hyacinth of Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Cologne" title="John of Cologne">John of Cologne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Macias" title="John Macias">John Macias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Hungary_(saint)" title="Margaret of Hungary (saint)">Margaret of Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Gorkum" title="Martyrs of Gorkum">Martyrs of Gorkum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_and_Ninety_Companions" title="Paul and Ninety Companions">Paul and Ninety Companions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_V" title="Pope Pius V">Pope Pius V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_de_Porres" title="Martin de Porres">Martin de Porres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_of_Penyafort" title="Raymond of Penyafort">Raymond of Penyafort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_of_Lima" title="Rose of Lima">Rose of Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Sanz" title="Peter Sanz">Peter Sanz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zdislava_Berka" title="Zdislava Berka">Zdislava Berka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black;color:white;;width:1%">Dominican Scholars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Burgoa" title="Francisco Burgoa">Francisco Burgoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Maurice_Fiey" title="Jean Maurice Fiey">Jean Maurice Fiey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bede_Jarrett" title="Bede Jarrett">Bede Jarrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stjepan_Krasi%C4%87" title="Stjepan Krasić">Stjepan Krasić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond-Joseph_Loenertz" title="Raymond-Joseph Loenertz">Raymond-Joseph Loenertz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_of_Opava" title="Martin of Opava">Martin of Opava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_de_Menasce" title="Jean de Menasce">Jean de Menasce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luise_Radlmeier" title="Luise Radlmeier">Luise Radlmeier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lea_R%C3%A1skay" title="Lea Ráskay">Lea Ráskay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonin_Sertillanges" title="Antonin Sertillanges">Antonin Sertillanges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Thering" title="Rose Thering">Rose Thering</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black;color:white;;width:1%">Dominican Sisters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Abrikosova" title="Anna Abrikosova">Anna Abrikosova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Mary_Alphonsa" class="mw-redirect" title="Mother Mary Alphonsa">Mother Mary Alphonsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Brocadelli" title="Lucy Brocadelli">Lucy Brocadelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columba_of_Rieti" title="Columba of Rieti">Columba of Rieti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Gilbert" title="Carol Gilbert">Carol Gilbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Hudson" title="Jackie Hudson">Jackie Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Jesus_de_Le%C3%B3n_y_Delgado" title="Mary of Jesus de León y Delgado">Mary of Jesus de León y Delgado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_MacCurtain" class="mw-redirect" title="Margaret MacCurtain">Margaret MacCurtain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascensi%C3%B3n_Nicol_y_Go%C3%B1i" title="Ascensión Nicol y Goñi">Ascensión Nicol y Goñi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardeth_Platte" title="Ardeth Platte">Ardeth Platte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephana_de_Quinzanis" title="Stephana de Quinzanis">Stephana de Quinzanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luise_Radlmeier" title="Luise Radlmeier">Luise Radlmeier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Ricci" class="mw-redirect" title="Catherine of Ricci">Catherine of Ricci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Thering" title="Rose Thering">Rose Thering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marjorie_Tuite" title="Marjorie Tuite">Marjorie Tuite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Whitty" title="Rose Whitty">Rose Whitty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black;color:white;;width:1%">Dominican Theologians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Bayard_(theologian)" title="Nicholas Bayard (theologian)">Nicholas Bayard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Siena" title="Catherine of Siena">Catherine of Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves_Congar" title="Yves Congar">Yves Congar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Augustine_Di_Noia" title="Joseph Augustine Di Noia">Joseph Augustine Di Noia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel-Jacques_Dubois" title="Marcel-Jacques Dubois">Marcel-Jacques Dubois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Galiana_y_Cervera" title="Luis Galiana y Cervera">Luis Galiana y Cervera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrik_Kalteisen" title="Henrik Kalteisen">Henrik Kalteisen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lutterell" title="John Lutterell">John Lutterell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aidan_Nichols" title="Aidan Nichols">Aidan Nichols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulus_Hungarus" title="Paulus Hungarus">Paulus Hungarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Torquemada_(cardinal)" title="Juan de Torquemada (cardinal)">Juan de Torquemada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedict_T._Viviano" title="Benedict T. Viviano">Benedict T. Viviano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black;color:white;;width:1%">Dominican Tertiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Amherst" title="Francis Amherst">Francis Amherst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simone_Ballachi" title="Simone Ballachi">Simone Ballachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benvenuta_Bojani" title="Benvenuta Bojani">Benvenuta Bojani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jose_Gabriel_del_Rosario_Brochero" title="Jose Gabriel del Rosario Brochero">Jose Gabriel del Rosario Brochero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Racconigi" title="Catherine of Racconigi">Catherine of Racconigi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Siena" title="Catherine of Siena">Catherine of Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pier_Giorgio_Frassati" title="Pier Giorgio Frassati">Pier Giorgio Frassati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_Jaricot" title="Pauline Jaricot">Pauline Jaricot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Grabmann" title="Martin Grabmann">Martin Grabmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Castello" title="Margaret of Castello">Margaret of Castello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Bagnesi" title="Maria Bagnesi">Maria Bagnesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osanna_of_Mantua" title="Osanna of Mantua">Osanna of Mantua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_of_Lima" title="Rose of Lima">Rose of Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villana_de%27_Botti" title="Villana de' Botti">Villana de' Botti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Ruiz" title="Lorenzo Ruiz"> Lorenzo Ruíz of Manila</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:black;color:white;"><div id="Dominican_Churches,_Convents,_and_Monasteries512" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Dominican Churches, Convents, and Monasteries</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black;color:white;width:1%">Dominican Churches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_San_Sisto_Vecchio" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica of San Sisto Vecchio">Basilica of San Sisto Vecchio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Santa_Maria_Novella" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica of Santa Maria Novella">Basilica of Santa Maria Novella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_St_Dominic,_Valletta" title="Basilica of St Dominic, Valletta">Basilica of St Dominic, Valletta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blessed_Sacrament_Church_(Seattle)" title="Blessed Sacrament Church (Seattle)">Blessed Sacrament Church, Seattle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_of_St._Catherine_(Saint_Petersburg)" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Church of St. Catherine (Saint Petersburg)">Church of St Catherine, Saint Petersburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Assumption_of_the_Virgin_Mary,_Ko%C5%A1ice" title="Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, Košice">Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, Košice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_St._Vincent_Ferrer_(Manhattan)" title="Church of St. Vincent Ferrer (Manhattan)">Church of St. Vincent Ferrer, Manhattan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Church,_Lviv" title="Dominican Church, Lviv">Dominican Church, Lviv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Church_and_Convent_of_St._James,_Sandomierz" title="Dominican Church and Convent of St. James, Sandomierz">Dominican Church and Convent of St. James, Sandomierz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Church_and_Convent_of_the_Assumption_of_Mary,_Tarnobrzeg" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominican Church and Convent of the Assumption of Mary, Tarnobrzeg">Dominican Church and Convent of the Assumption of Mary, Tarnobrzeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Church,_Vienna" title="Dominican Church, Vienna">Dominican Church, Vienna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89glise_Saint-Cannat" title="Église Saint-Cannat">Église Saint-Cannat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastery_Church,_Sighi%C8%99oara" title="Monastery Church, Sighișoara">Monastery Church, Sighișoara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuestra_Se%C3%B1ora_del_Rosario_y_Santo_Domingo,_Montevideo" title="Nuestra Señora del Rosario y Santo Domingo, Montevideo">Nuestra Señora del Rosario y Santo Domingo, Montevideo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Pompei_Church,_Victoria,_Gozo" title="Our Lady of Pompei Church, Victoria, Gozo">Our Lady of Pompei Church, Victoria, Gozo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predigerkirche_Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Predigerkirche Zürich">Predigerkirche Zürich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Domenico_Maggiore" title="San Domenico Maggiore">San Domenico Maggiore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Domenico,_Palermo" title="San Domenico, Palermo">San Domenico, Palermo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Giacomo_Apostolo,_Forl%C3%AC" title="San Giacomo Apostolo, Forlì">San Giacomo Apostolo, Forlì</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Anastasia_(Verona)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sant'Anastasia (Verona)">Sant'Anastasia, Verona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_di_Castello" title="Santa Maria di Castello">Santa Maria di Castello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_della_Piet%C3%A0,_Palermo" title="Santa Maria della Pietà, Palermo">Santa Maria della Pietà, Palermo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_sopra_Minerva" title="Santa Maria sopra Minerva">Santa Maria sopra Minerva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Sabina" title="Santa Sabina">Santa Sabina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santi_Giovanni_e_Paolo,_Venice" title="Santi Giovanni e Paolo, Venice">Santi Giovanni e Paolo, Venice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santissima_Trinit%C3%A0_a_Via_Condotti" title="Santissima Trinità a Via Condotti">Santissima Trinità a Via Condotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santo_Domingo_(Mexico_City)" title="Santo Domingo (Mexico City)">Santo Domingo, Mexico City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Andrew%27s_Church,_Cologne" title="St. Andrew's Church, Cologne">St. Andrew's Church, Cologne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Cuthbert%27s_Church,_Durham" title="St Cuthbert's Church, Durham">St Cuthbert's Church, Durham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Dominic%27s_Priory_Church" title="St Dominic's Priory Church">St Dominic's Priory Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Paul%27s_Church,_Antwerp" title="St. Paul's Church, Antwerp">St. Paul's Church, Antwerp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Hyacinth%27s_Church,_Warsaw" title="St. Hyacinth's Church, Warsaw">St. Hyacinth's Church, Warsaw</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black;color:white;width:1%">Dominican Convents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Convent_of_San_Domenico,_Fiesole" title="Convent of San Domenico, Fiesole">Convent of San Domenico, Fiesole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convento_de_Santo_Tom%C3%A1s_(Madrid)" title="Convento de Santo Tomás (Madrid)">Convento de Santo Tomás</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Church_and_Convent_of_St._James,_Sandomierz" title="Dominican Church and Convent of St. James, Sandomierz">Dominican Church and Convent of St. James, Sandomierz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Church_and_Convent_of_the_Assumption_of_Mary,_Tarnobrzeg" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominican Church and Convent of the Assumption of Mary, Tarnobrzeg">Dominican Church and Convent of the Assumption of Mary, Tarnobrzeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Convent,_Ilanz" title="Dominican Convent, Ilanz">Dominican Convent, Ilanz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Convent,_Zaragoza" title="Dominican Convent, Zaragoza">Dominican Convent, Zaragoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predigerkloster" title="Predigerkloster">Predigerkloster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Catherine%27s_Priory,_Roskilde" title="St. Catherine's Priory, Roskilde">St. Catherine's Priory, Roskilde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schlehdorf_Abbey" title="Schlehdorf Abbey">Schlehdorf Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sk%C3%A4nninge_Abbey" title="Skänninge Abbey">Skänninge Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_Priory,_Kalmar" title="St. John's Priory, Kalmar">St. John's Priory, Kalmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wettenhausen_Abbey" title="Wettenhausen Abbey">Wettenhausen Abbey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black;color:white;width:1%">Dominican Monasteries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballindoon_Friary" title="Ballindoon Friary">Ballindoon Friary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Friars%27_Monastery_of_Stockholm" title="Black Friars' Monastery of Stockholm">Black Friars' Monastery of Stockholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burrishoole_Friary" title="Burrishoole Friary">Burrishoole Friary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corpus_Christi_Monastery" title="Corpus Christi Monastery">Corpus Christi Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Couvent_des_Jacobins_de_la_rue_Saint-Honor%C3%A9" title="Couvent des Jacobins de la rue Saint-Honoré">Couvent des Jacobins de la rue Saint-Honoré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Couvent_des_Jacobins_de_la_rue_Saint-Jacques" title="Couvent des Jacobins de la rue Saint-Jacques">Couvent des Jacobins de la rue Saint-Jacques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Priory,_Viborg" title="Dominican Priory, Viborg">Dominican Priory, Viborg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flavigny_Abbey" title="Flavigny Abbey">Flavigny Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holb%C3%A6k_Priory" title="Holbæk Priory">Holbæk Priory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirchberg_convent" title="Kirchberg convent">Kirchberg convent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liebenau_monastery" title="Liebenau monastery">Liebenau monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matris_Domini_Monastery" title="Matris Domini Monastery">Matris Domini Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monast%C3%A8re_de_Chalais" title="Monastère de Chalais">Monastère de Chalais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Abbey,_Youghal" title="North Abbey, Youghal">North Abbey, Youghal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame-de-Prouille_Monastery" class="mw-redirect" title="Notre-Dame-de-Prouille Monastery">Notre-Dame-de-Prouille Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oetenbach_nunnery" title="Oetenbach nunnery">Oetenbach nunnery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady%27s_Priory,_Aarhus" title="Our Lady's Priory, Aarhus">Our Lady's Priory, Aarhus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_House_of_Studies" title="Dominican House of Studies">Priory of the Immaculate Conception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulinerkirche,_Leipzig" title="Paulinerkirche, Leipzig">Paulinerkirche, Leipzig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_Saint-Dominique" title="Rue Saint-Dominique">Rue Saint-Dominique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte_Marie_de_La_Tourette" title="Sainte Marie de La Tourette">Sainte Marie de La Tourette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Catalina_Monastery" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Catalina Monastery">Santa Catalina Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sligo_Abbey" title="Sligo Abbey">Sligo Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Agnes%27_Priory,_Gavn%C3%B8" title="St. Agnes' Priory, Gavnø">St. Agnes' Priory, Gavnø</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Catherine%27s_Monastery,_Bremen" title="St Catherine's Monastery, Bremen">St Catherine's Monastery, Bremen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Catherine%27s_Monastery,_Tallinn" title="St. Catherine's Monastery, Tallinn">St. Catherine's Monastery, Tallinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Catherine%27s_Priory,_Roskilde" title="St. Catherine's Priory, Roskilde">St. Catherine's Priory, Roskilde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Catherine%27s_Priory,_Ribe" title="St. Catherine's Priory, Ribe">St. Catherine's Priory, Ribe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Catherine_Monastery,_Olomouc" title="St. Catherine Monastery, Olomouc">St. Catherine Monastery, Olomouc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B6ss_Monastery" title="Töss Monastery">Töss Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weesen_Abbey" title="Weesen Abbey">Weesen Abbey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:black;color:white;"><div id="Dominican_Education512" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Dominican Education</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black;color:white;width:1%">Colleges and Universities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albertus_Magnus_College" title="Albertus Magnus College">Albertus Magnus College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelicum_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Angelicum College">Angelicum College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquinas_College_(Michigan)" title="Aquinas College (Michigan)">Aquinas College, Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquinas_College_(Tennessee)" title="Aquinas College (Tennessee)">Aquinas College, Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquinas_Institute_of_Theology" title="Aquinas Institute of Theology">Aquinas Institute of Theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquinas_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquinas University">Aquinas University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_University" title="Barry University">Barry University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caldwell_University" title="Caldwell University">Caldwell University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colegio_de_San_Juan_de_Letran" title="Colegio de San Juan de Letran">Colegio de San Juan de Letran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_College_(New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominican College (New York)">Dominican College, New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_School_of_Philosophy_and_Theology" title="Dominican School of Philosophy and Theology">Dominican School of Philosophy and Theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_University_(Illinois)" title="Dominican University (Illinois)">Dominican University, Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_University_of_California" title="Dominican University of California">Dominican University of California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgewood_College" title="Edgewood College">Edgewood College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Trinity_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Trinity University">Holy Trinity University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molloy_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Molloy College">Molloy College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Saint_Mary_College" title="Mount Saint Mary College">Mount Saint Mary College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Providence_College" title="Providence College">Providence College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Catharine_College" title="St. Catharine College">St. Catharine College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Dominican_College" title="St. Mary's Dominican College">St. Mary's Dominican College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Thomas_Aquinas_College" title="St. Thomas Aquinas College">St. Thomas Aquinas College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siena_Heights_University" title="Siena Heights University">Siena Heights University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black;color:white;width:1%">Pontifical Universities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_University_of_Saint_Thomas_Aquinas" title="Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas">Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Santo_Tomas" title="University of Santo Tomas">University of Santo Tomas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black;color:white;width:1%">Schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albertus_Magnus_High_School" title="Albertus Magnus High School">Albertus Magnus High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelicum_School_Iloilo" title="Angelicum School Iloilo">Angelicum School Iloilo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquinas_High_School_(New_York)" title="Aquinas High School (New York)">Aquinas High School, New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquinas_School" title="Aquinas School">Aquinas School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackfriars_Priory_School" title="Blackfriars Priory School">Blackfriars Priory School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabra_Dominican_College" title="Cabra Dominican College">Cabra Dominican College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Academy" title="Dominican Academy">Dominican Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Convent_High_School,_Harare" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominican Convent High School, Harare">Dominican Convent High School, Harare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Convent_High_School,_Bulawayo" title="Dominican Convent High School, Bulawayo">Dominican Convent High School, Bulawayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Convent_Primary_School,_Bulawayo" title="Dominican Convent Primary School, Bulawayo">Dominican Convent Primary School, Bulawayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_College_Sion_Hill" title="Dominican College Sion Hill">Dominican College Sion Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_College,_Fortwilliam" title="Dominican College, Fortwilliam">Dominican College, Fortwilliam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_College,_Portstewart" title="Dominican College, Portstewart">Dominican College, Portstewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_High_School_(Whitefish_Bay,_Wisconsin)" title="Dominican High School (Whitefish Bay, Wisconsin)">Dominican High School, Whitefish Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_International_School" title="Dominican International School">Dominican International School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_School_Manila" title="Dominican School Manila">Dominican School Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgewood_High_School_of_the_Sacred_Heart" title="Edgewood High School of the Sacred Heart">Edgewood High School of the Sacred Heart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenwick_High_School_(Oak_Park,_Illinois)" title="Fenwick High School (Oak Park, Illinois)">Fenwick High School (Oak Park, Illinois)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flintridge_Sacred_Heart_Academy" title="Flintridge Sacred Heart Academy">Flintridge Sacred Heart Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frassati_Catholic_High_School" title="Frassati Catholic High School">Frassati Catholic High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Conception_Academy_(San_Francisco,_California)" class="mw-redirect" title="Immaculate Conception Academy (San Francisco, California)">Immaculate Conception Academy (San Francisco, California)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Catholic_High_School_(Illinois)" title="Marian Catholic High School (Illinois)">Marian Catholic High School (Illinois)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryknoll_School_of_Lupon" title="Maryknoll School of Lupon">Maryknoll School of Lupon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_de_Sales_Academy_(Catonsville,_Maryland)" title="Mount de Sales Academy (Catonsville, Maryland)">Mount de Sales Academy (Catonsville, Maryland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Saint_Dominic_Academy" title="Mount Saint Dominic Academy">Mount Saint Dominic Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newbridge_College" title="Newbridge College">Newbridge College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Peace_High_School_(Illinois)" title="Queen of Peace High School (Illinois)">Queen of Peace High School, Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regina_Dominican_High_School" title="Regina Dominican High School">Regina Dominican High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosarian_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosarian Academy">Rosarian Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosary_High_School_(Aurora,_Illinois)" title="Rosary High School (Aurora, Illinois)">Rosary High School, Aurora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosaryhill_School" title="Rosaryhill School">Rosaryhill School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart_High_School_(California)" title="Sacred Heart High School (California)">Sacred Heart High School (California)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Gabriel_Mission_High_School" title="San Gabriel Mission High School">San Gabriel Mission High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Catalina_School" title="Santa Catalina School">Santa Catalina School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Agnes_Academy_(Texas)" title="Saint Agnes Academy (Texas)">Saint Agnes Academy, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Dominic_Academy" title="Saint Dominic Academy">Saint Dominic Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_John_Paul_the_Great_Catholic_High_School_(Virginia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint John Paul the Great Catholic High School (Virginia)">Saint John Paul the Great Catholic High School (Virginia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Michael_Academy_(Catarman)" title="Saint Michael Academy (Catarman)">Saint Michael Academy, Catarman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Sabina_College" title="Santa Sabina College">Santa Sabina College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siena_College_(Camberwell)" title="Siena College (Camberwell)">Siena College, Camberwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siena_College_of_Quezon_City" title="Siena College of Quezon City">Siena College of Quezon City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siena_College_of_Taytay" title="Siena College of Taytay">Siena College of Taytay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Catherine%27s_Academy" title="St. Catherine's Academy">St Catherine's Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Catherine%27s_School,_Germiston" title="St Catherine's School, Germiston">St Catherine's School, Germiston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Dominic%27s_Catholic_School_for_Girls,_Boksburg" title="St Dominic's Catholic School for Girls, Boksburg">St Dominic's Catholic School for Girls, Boksburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Dominic%27s_Chishawasha" title="St Dominic's Chishawasha">St Dominic's Chishawasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Dominic%27s_College,_Henderson" class="mw-redirect" title="St Dominic's College, Henderson">St Dominic's College, Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Dominic%27s_Grammar_School" title="St Dominic's Grammar School">St Dominic's Grammar School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Dominic%27s_Grammar_School_for_Girls" title="St Dominic's Grammar School for Girls">St Dominic's Grammar School for Girls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Dominic%27s_Priory_School,_Stone" title="St Dominic's Priory School, Stone">St Dominic's Priory School, Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Dominic%27s_Priory_College,_Adelaide" title="St Dominic's Priory College, Adelaide">St Dominic's Priory College, Adelaide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Dominic%27s_Sixth_Form_College" title="St Dominic's Sixth Form College">St Dominic's Sixth Form College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_High_School_(Harare)" title="St. John's High School (Harare)">St John's High School, Harare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Joseph%27s_School,_Oamaru" title="St Joseph's School, Oamaru">St Joseph's School, Oamaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Dominican_High_School" title="St. Mary's Dominican High School">St Mary's Dominican High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Roses_Senior_High_(Akwatia)" class="mw-redirect" title="St Roses Senior High (Akwatia)">St Rose's Senior High School, Akwatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Vincent_Ferrer_High_School" title="St. Vincent Ferrer High School">St Vincent Ferrer High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_Institute_of_Religious_Sciences_of_St._Thomas_Aquinas" title="Superior Institute of Religious Sciences of St. Thomas Aquinas">Superior Institute of Religious Sciences of St. Thomas Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Catholic_College,_Dunedin" title="Trinity Catholic College, Dunedin">Trinity Catholic College, Dunedin, New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_High_School_(River_Forest,_Illinois)" title="Trinity High School (River Forest, Illinois)">Trinity High School (River Forest, Illinois)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:black;color:white;;background:white;color:black;"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of the Papacy"><img alt="Emblem of the Papacy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/18px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/28px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/37px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="1105" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism"><span style="color:black; font-size:10pt;">Catholicism portal</span></a></b> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of the Papacy"><img alt="Emblem of the Papacy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/18px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/28px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/37px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="1105" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Aristotelianism339" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aristotelianism" title="Template:Aristotelianism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Aristotelianism" title="Template talk:Aristotelianism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Aristotelianism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Aristotelianism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Aristotelianism339" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Aristotelianism" title="Aristotelianism">Aristotelianism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Term_logic" title="Term logic">Logic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyceum_(classical)" title="Lyceum (classical)">Lyceum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ideas and interests</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_intellect" title="Active intellect">Active intellect</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Antiperistasis" title="Antiperistasis">Antiperistasis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arete" title="Arete">Arete</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category_of_being" class="mw-redirect" title="Category of being">Category of being</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Catharsis" title="Catharsis">Catharsis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Correspondence_theory_of_truth" title="Correspondence theory of truth">Correspondence theory of truth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essence" title="Essence">Essence</a>–<a href="/wiki/Accident_(philosophy)" title="Accident (philosophy)">accident</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eudaimonia" title="Eudaimonia">Eudaimonia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_causes" title="Four causes">Four causes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Problem_of_future_contingents" title="Problem of future contingents">Future contingents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genus%E2%80%93differentia_definition" title="Genus–differentia definition">Genus–differentia</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hexis" title="Hexis">Hexis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hylomorphism" title="Hylomorphism">Hylomorphism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lexis_(Aristotle)" title="Lexis (Aristotle)">Lexis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnanimity" title="Magnanimity">Magnanimity</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mimesis#Aristotle" title="Mimesis">Mimesis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Minima_naturalia" title="Minima naturalia">Minima naturalia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moderate_realism" title="Moderate realism">Moderate realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythos_(Aristotle)" title="Mythos (Aristotle)">Mythos</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Philia" title="Philia">Philia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_vacui_(physics)" title="Horror vacui (physics)">Horror vacui (physics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rational_animal" title="Rational animal">Rational animal</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phronesis" title="Phronesis">Phronesis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potentiality_and_actuality" title="Potentiality and actuality">Potentiality and actuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Substance_theory" title="Substance theory">Substance theory</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Hypokeimenon" title="Hypokeimenon">hypokeimenon</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ousia" title="Ousia">ousia</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syllogism" title="Syllogism">Syllogism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Telos" title="Telos">Telos</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporal_finitism" title="Temporal finitism">Temporal finitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiddity" title="Quiddity">Quiddity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haecceity" title="Haecceity">Haecceity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unmoved_mover" title="Unmoved mover">Unmoved mover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtue_ethics" title="Virtue ethics">Virtue ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristotelian_realist_philosophy_of_mathematics" title="Aristotelian realist philosophy of mathematics">Mathematical realism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Works_of_Aristotle" title="Works of Aristotle">Works</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-style:italic;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Organon" title="Organon">Organon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categories_(Aristotle)" title="Categories (Aristotle)">Categories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_Interpretation" title="On Interpretation">On Interpretation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prior_Analytics" title="Prior Analytics">Prior Analytics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_Analytics" title="Posterior Analytics">Posterior Analytics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topics_(Aristotle)" title="Topics (Aristotle)">Topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophistical_Refutations" title="Sophistical Refutations">Sophistical Refutations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aristotelian_physics" title="Aristotelian physics">Physics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Physics_(Aristotle)" title="Physics (Aristotle)">Physics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_the_Heavens" title="On the Heavens">On the Heavens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_Generation_and_Corruption" title="On Generation and Corruption">On Generation and Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteorology_(Aristotle)" title="Meteorology (Aristotle)">Meteorology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_the_Soul" title="On the Soul">On the Soul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aristotle%27s_biology" title="Aristotle's biology">On Animals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Animals" title="History of Animals">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parts_of_Animals" title="Parts of Animals">Parts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_of_Animals" title="Movement of Animals">Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progression_of_Animals" title="Progression of Animals">Progression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generation_of_Animals" title="Generation of Animals">Generation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Metaphysics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metaphysics_(Aristotle)" title="Metaphysics (Aristotle)">Metaphysics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aristotelian_ethics" title="Aristotelian ethics">Ethics</a> and politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicomachean_Ethics" title="Nicomachean Ethics">Nicomachean Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudemian_Ethics" title="Eudemian Ethics">Eudemian Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_(Aristotle)" title="Politics (Aristotle)">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Athenians_(Aristotle)" title="Constitution of the Athenians (Aristotle)">Constitution of the Athenians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rhetoric and poetics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rhetoric_(Aristotle)" title="Rhetoric (Aristotle)">Rhetoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poetics_(Aristotle)" title="Poetics (Aristotle)">Poetics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Parva_Naturalia" title="Parva Naturalia">Parva Naturalia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sense_and_Sensibilia_(Aristotle)" title="Sense and Sensibilia (Aristotle)">Sense and Sensibilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_Memory" title="On Memory">On Memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_Sleep" title="On Sleep">On Sleep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_Dreams" title="On Dreams">On Dreams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_Divination_in_Sleep" title="On Divination in Sleep">On Divination in Sleep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_Length_and_Shortness_of_Life" title="On Length and Shortness of Life">On Length and Shortness of Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_Youth,_Old_Age,_Life_and_Death,_and_Respiration" title="On Youth, Old Age, Life and Death, and Respiration">On Youth, Old Age, Life and Death, and Respiration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lost</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protrepticus_(Aristotle)" title="Protrepticus (Aristotle)">Protrepticus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Aristotle" title="Pseudo-Aristotle">Pseudepigrapha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/On_Breath" title="On Breath">On Breath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_Colors" title="On Colors">On Colors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_Plants" title="On Plants">On Plants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_Indivisible_Lines" title="On Indivisible Lines">On Indivisible Lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_Melissus,_Xenophanes,_and_Gorgias" title="On Melissus, Xenophanes, and Gorgias">On Melissus, Xenophanes, and Gorgias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_the_Universe" title="On the Universe">On the Universe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_Things_Heard" title="On Things Heard">On Things Heard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physiognomonics" title="Physiognomonics">Physiognomonics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_Marvellous_Things_Heard" title="On Marvellous Things Heard">On Marvellous Things Heard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanics_(Aristotle)" title="Mechanics (Aristotle)">Mechanics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Problems_(Aristotle)" title="Problems (Aristotle)">Problems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Situations_and_Names_of_Winds" title="The Situations and Names of Winds">The Situations and Names of Winds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_Virtues_and_Vices" title="On Virtues and Vices">On Virtues and Vices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economics_(Aristotle)" title="Economics (Aristotle)">Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhetoric_to_Alexander" title="Rhetoric to Alexander">Rhetoric to Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magna_Moralia" title="Magna Moralia">Magna Moralia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Followers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Peripatetic_school22" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Peripatetic_school" title="Peripatetic school">Peripatetic school</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aristoxenus" title="Aristoxenus">Aristoxenus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clearchus_of_Soli" title="Clearchus of Soli">Clearchus of Soli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicaearchus" title="Dicaearchus">Dicaearchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudemus_of_Rhodes" title="Eudemus of Rhodes">Eudemus of Rhodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophrastus" title="Theophrastus">Theophrastus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strato_of_Lampsacus" title="Strato of Lampsacus">Strato of Lampsacus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyco_of_Troas" title="Lyco of Troas">Lyco of Troas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristo_of_Ceos" title="Aristo of Ceos">Aristo of Ceos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critolaus" title="Critolaus">Critolaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diodorus_of_Tyre" title="Diodorus of Tyre">Diodorus of Tyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erymneus" title="Erymneus">Erymneus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andronicus_of_Rhodes" title="Andronicus of Rhodes">Andronicus of Rhodes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Islamic_Golden_Age22" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Golden_Age" title="Islamic Golden Age">Islamic Golden Age</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Kindi" title="Al-Kindi">Al-Kindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Farabi" title="Al-Farabi">Al-Farabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avicenna" title="Avicenna">Avicenna</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avicennism" title="Avicennism">Avicennism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Averroes" title="Averroes">Averroes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Averroism" title="Averroism">Averroism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Jewish6" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Jewish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maimonides" title="Maimonides">Maimonides</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Scholasticism17" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scholasticism" title="Scholasticism">Scholasticism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Lombard" title="Peter Lombard">Peter Lombard</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Albertus Magnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomism" title="Thomism">Thomism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duns_Scotus" title="Duns Scotus">Duns Scotus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scotism" title="Scotism">Scotism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_of_Spain" title="Peter of Spain">Peter of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacopo_Zabarella" title="Jacopo Zabarella">Jacopo Zabarella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Pomponazzi" title="Pietro Pomponazzi">Pietro Pomponazzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesare_Cremonini_(philosopher)" title="Cesare Cremonini (philosopher)">Cesar Cremonini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Modern6" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Newman" title="John Henry Newman">Newman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Adolf_Trendelenburg" title="Friedrich Adolf Trendelenburg">Trendelenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Brentano" title="Franz Brentano">Brentano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortimer_J._Adler" title="Mortimer J. Adler">Adler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippa_Foot" title="Philippa Foot">Foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alasdair_MacIntyre" title="Alasdair MacIntyre">MacIntyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Smith" title="Wolfgang Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalind_Hursthouse" title="Rosalind Hursthouse">Hursthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Nussbaum" title="Martha Nussbaum">Nussbaum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transmission_of_the_Greek_Classics" title="Transmission of the Greek Classics">Transmission of the Greek Classics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Platonism" title="Platonism">Platonism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoplatonism" title="Neoplatonism">Neoplatonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commentaries_on_Aristotle" title="Commentaries on Aristotle">Commentaries on Aristotle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metabasis_paradox" title="Metabasis paradox">Metabasis paradox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristotle%27s_views_on_women" title="Aristotle's views on women">Views on women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristotle%27s_wheel_paradox" title="Aristotle's wheel paradox">Wheel paradox</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Medieval_philosophers201" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Medieval_Philosophy" title="Template:Medieval Philosophy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Medieval_Philosophy" title="Template talk:Medieval Philosophy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Medieval_Philosophy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Medieval Philosophy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Medieval_philosophers201" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_philosophy" title="Medieval philosophy">Medieval philosophers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Christian_philosophy" title="Christian philosophy">Christian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.2em;text-align:center;">Early</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church Fathers</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boethius" title="Boethius">Boethius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassiodorus" title="Cassiodorus">Cassiodorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Dionysius_the_Areopagite" title="Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite">Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidore_of_Seville" title="Isidore of Seville">Isidore of Seville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Scotus_Eriugena" title="John Scotus Eriugena">John Scotus Eriugena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcuin" title="Alcuin">Alcuin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.2em;text-align:center;">11–12th<br />century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Scholasticism" title="Scholasticism">Scholasticism</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anselm_of_Canterbury" title="Anselm of Canterbury">Anselm of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Abelard" title="Peter Abelard">Peter Abelard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anselm_of_Laon" title="Anselm of Laon">Anselm of Laon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_of_Saint_Victor" title="Hugh of Saint Victor">Hugh of Saint Victor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_of_Saint_Victor" title="Richard of Saint Victor">Richard of Saint Victor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roscellinus" title="Roscellinus">Roscelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Lombard" title="Peter Lombard">Peter Lombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_of_Hales" title="Alexander of Hales">Alexander of Hales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_of_Chartres" title="Bernard of Chartres">Bernard of Chartres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominicus_Gundissalinus" title="Dominicus Gundissalinus">Dominicus Gundissalinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_de_la_Porr%C3%A9e" title="Gilbert de la Porrée">Gilbert de la Porrée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_de_Lille" title="Alain de Lille">Alain de Lille</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.2em;text-align:center;">13–14th<br />century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Grosseteste" title="Robert Grosseteste">Robert Grosseteste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Scot" title="Michael Scot">Michael Scot</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Albertus Magnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_of_Ghent" title="Henry of Ghent">Henry of Ghent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Bacon" title="Roger Bacon">Roger Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonaventure" title="Bonaventure">Bonaventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitello" title="Vitello">Vitello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Peckham" title="John Peckham">John Peckham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramon_Llull" title="Ramon Llull">Ramon Llull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siger_of_Brabant" title="Siger of Brabant">Siger of Brabant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boetius_of_Dacia" title="Boetius of Dacia">Boetius of Dacia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrus_Peregrinus_de_Maricourt" title="Petrus Peregrinus de Maricourt">Petrus Peregrinus de Maricourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meister_Eckhart" title="Meister Eckhart">Meister Eckhart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giles_of_Rome" title="Giles of Rome">Giles of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godfrey_of_Fontaines" title="Godfrey of Fontaines">Godfrey of Fontaines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duns_Scotus" title="Duns Scotus">Duns Scotus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durandus_of_Saint-Pour%C3%A7ain" title="Durandus of Saint-Pourçain">Durandus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrus_Aureolus" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrus Aureolus">Petrus Aureolus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_of_Ockham" title="William of Ockham">William of Ockham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.2em;text-align:center;">Late</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Buridan" title="Jean Buridan">Jean Buridan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsilius_of_Inghen" title="Marsilius of Inghen">Marsilius of Inghen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Oresme" title="Nicole Oresme">Nicole Oresme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_of_Saxony_(philosopher)" title="Albert of Saxony (philosopher)">Albert of Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesc_Eiximenis" title="Francesc Eiximenis">Francesc Eiximenis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_of_Cusa" title="Nicholas of Cusa">Nicholas of Cusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Ferrer" title="Vincent Ferrer">Vincent Ferrer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_of_Venice" title="Paul of Venice">Paul of Venice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambertus_de_Monte" title="Lambertus de Monte">Lambertus de Monte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hennon" title="John Hennon">John Hennon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_philosophy" title="Jewish philosophy">Jewish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Medieval8" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.2em;text-align:center;">Medieval</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Israeli_ben_Solomon" title="Isaac Israeli ben Solomon">Isaac Israeli ben Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saadia_Gaon" title="Saadia Gaon">Saadia Gaon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_ibn_Gabirol" title="Solomon ibn Gabirol">Solomon ibn Gabirol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judah_Halevi" title="Judah Halevi">Judah Halevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_ibn_Daud" title="Abraham ibn Daud">Abraham ibn Daud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maimonides" title="Maimonides">Maimonides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nachmanides" title="Nachmanides">Nachmanides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gersonides" title="Gersonides">Gersonides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasdai_Crescas" title="Hasdai Crescas">Hasdai Crescas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Albo" title="Joseph Albo">Joseph Albo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Early_Islamic_philosophy" title="Early Islamic philosophy">Islamic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.2em;text-align:center;">Early</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jabir_ibn_Hayyan" title="Jabir ibn Hayyan">Jabir ibn Hayyan (Geber)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_al-Nazzam" title="Ibrahim al-Nazzam">al-Nazzam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Kindi" title="Al-Kindi">Al-Kindi (Alkindus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Razi" title="Abu Bakr al-Razi">Abu Bakr al-Razi (Rhazes)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brethren_of_Purity" title="Brethren of Purity">Ikhwan al-Safa' (Brethren of Purity)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bishr_Matta_ibn_Yunus" title="Abu Bishr Matta ibn Yunus">Matta ibn Yunus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Farabi" title="Al-Farabi">Al-Farabi (Alpharabius)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ya%27qub_al-Sijistani" title="Abu Ya'qub al-Sijistani">Abu Ya'qub al-Sijistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Masarra" title="Ibn Masarra">Ibn Masarra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qadi_Abd_al-Jabbar" title="Al-Qadi Abd al-Jabbar">Abd al-Jabbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Hassan_al-Amiri" title="Abu al-Hassan al-Amiri">Al-Amiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Sulayman_Sijistani" title="Abu Sulayman Sijistani">Abu Sulayman al-Sijistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miskawayh" title="Miskawayh">Miskawayh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Haytham" title="Ibn al-Haytham">Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Biruni" title="Al-Biruni">al-Biruni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamid_al-Din_al-Kirmani" title="Hamid al-Din al-Kirmani">al-Kirmani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.2em;text-align:center;">High</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avicenna" title="Avicenna">Ibn Sina (Avicenna)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hazm" title="Ibn Hazm">Ibn Hazm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ghazali" title="Al-Ghazali">Al-Ghazali (Algazel)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu%27l-Barak%C4%81t_al-Baghd%C4%81d%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu'l-Barakāt al-Baghdādī">Abu l-Barakat al-Baghdadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avempace" title="Avempace">Ibn Bajjah (Avempace)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayn_al-Quzat_Hamadani" title="Ayn al-Quzat Hamadani">Ayn al-Quzat Hamadani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Tufayl" title="Ibn Tufayl">Ibn Tufayl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Averroes" title="Averroes">Ibn Rushd (Averroes)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.2em;text-align:center;">Late</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Sab%27in" title="Ibn Sab'in">Ibn Sab'in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahab_al-Din_Yahya_ibn_Habash_Suhrawardi" class="mw-redirect" title="Shahab al-Din Yahya ibn Habash Suhrawardi">Shahab al-Din Yahya ibn Habash Suhrawardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakhr_al-Din_al-Razi" title="Fakhr al-Din al-Razi">Fakhr al-Din al-Razi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_al-Din_Hamadani" title="Rashid al-Din Hamadani">Rashid al-Din</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Arabi" title="Ibn Arabi">Ibn Arabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakariya_al-Qazwini" title="Zakariya al-Qazwini">al-Qazwini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Latif_al-Baghdadi" title="Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi">Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athir_al-Din_al-Abhari" title="Athir al-Din al-Abhari">Athir al-Din al-Abhari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasir_al-Din_al-Tusi" title="Nasir al-Din al-Tusi">Nasir al-Din al-Tusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Nafis" title="Ibn al-Nafis">Ibn al-Nafis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qutb_al-Din_al-Shirazi" title="Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi">Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Taymiyya" title="Ibn Taymiyya">Ibn Taymiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun">Ibn Khaldun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>See also <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_philosophy" title="Renaissance philosophy">Renaissance philosophy</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Alchemy_(general)226" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Alchemy" title="Template:Alchemy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Alchemy" title="Template talk:Alchemy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Alchemy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Alchemy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Alchemy_(general)226" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alchemy" title="Alchemy">Alchemy (general)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_alchemists" title="List of alchemists">Alchemists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Greco-Egyptian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agathodaemon_(alchemist)" title="Agathodaemon (alchemist)">Agathodaemon (legendary)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chymes" title="Chymes">Chymes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_the_Alchemist" title="Cleopatra the Alchemist">pseudo-Cleopatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Democritus" title="Pseudo-Democritus">pseudo-Democritus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes_Trismegistus" title="Hermes Trismegistus">Hermes Trismegistus (legendary)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_the_Jewess" title="Mary the Jewess">Mary the Jewess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_of_Alexandria" title="Moses of Alexandria">pseudo-Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostanes" title="Ostanes">Ostanes (legendary)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paphnutia_the_Virgin" title="Paphnutia the Virgin">Paphnutia the Virgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zosimos_of_Panopolis" title="Zosimos of Panopolis">Zosimos of Panopolis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_alchemy" title="Chinese alchemy">Ancient Chinese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fang_(alchemist)" title="Fang (alchemist)">Fang (alchemist)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ge_Hong" title="Ge Hong">Ge Hong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_Geng" title="Master Geng">Master Geng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wei_Boyang" title="Wei Boyang">Wei Boyang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Byzantine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olympiodorus_the_Younger" title="Olympiodorus the Younger">pseudo-Olympiodorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanus_of_Alexandria" title="Stephanus of Alexandria">Stephanus of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synesius" title="Synesius">Synesius</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alchemy_and_chemistry_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Alchemy and chemistry in the medieval Islamic world">Arabic-Islamic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Razi" title="Abu Bakr al-Razi">Abū Bakr al-Rāzī (Rhazes)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphidius" title="Alphidius">Alphidius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirr_al-khaliqa" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirr al-khaliqa">pseudo-Apollonius of Tyana (Balīnūs/Balīnās)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artephius" title="Artephius">Artephius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avicenna" title="Avicenna">pseudo-Avicenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Arfa%27_Ra%27s" title="Ibn Arfa' Ra's">Ibn Arfaʿ Raʾs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Umayl" title="Ibn Umayl">Ibn Umayl (Senior Zadith)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Wahshiyya" title="Ibn Wahshiyya">Ibn Waḥshiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Simawi" title="Al-Simawi">al-ʿIrāqī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabir_ibn_Hayyan" title="Jabir ibn Hayyan">Jābir ibn Ḥayyān (Geber)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalid_ibn_Yazid" title="Khalid ibn Yazid">pseudo-Khālid ibn Yazīd (Calid)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Jildaki" title="Al-Jildaki">al-Jildakī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picatrix" title="Picatrix">Maslama al-Qurṭubī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Tughrai" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Tughrai">al-Ṭughrāʾī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Zahrawi" title="Al-Zahrawi">al-Zahrāwī (Abulcasis)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Late medieval</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Albertus" title="Pseudo-Albertus">pseudo-Albertus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnaldus_de_Villa_Nova" title="Arnaldus de Villa Nova">(pseudo-)Arnaldus de Villa Nova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Geber" title="Pseudo-Geber">pseudo-Geber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Ripley_(alchemist)" title="George Ripley (alchemist)">George Ripley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guido_di_Montanor" title="Guido di Montanor">Guido di Montanor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_of_Evesham" title="Hugh of Evesham">Hugh of Evesham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_of_Laz" title="Johann of Laz">Johann of Laz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dastin" title="John Dastin">John Dastin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_de_Roquetaillade" title="Jean de Roquetaillade">John of Rupescissa (Jean de Roquetaillade)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magister_Salernus" title="Magister Salernus">Magister Salernus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Scot" title="Michael Scot">pseudo-Michael Scot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ortolanus" title="Ortolanus">Ortolanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_of_Taranto" title="Paul of Taranto">Paul of Taranto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrus_Bonus" title="Petrus Bonus">Petrus Bonus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramon_Llull" title="Ramon Llull">pseudo-Ramon Llull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Bacon" title="Roger Bacon">(pseudo-)Roger Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taddeo_Alderotti" title="Taddeo Alderotti">Taddeo Alderotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Norton_(alchemist)" title="Thomas Norton (alchemist)">Thomas Norton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Libavius" title="Andreas Libavius">Andreas Libavius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_Valentine" title="Basil Valentine">Basil Valentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Trevisan" title="Bernard Trevisan">pseudo-Bernard of Treviso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Starkey" title="George Starkey">George Starkey (Eirenaeus Philalethes)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Dorn" title="Gerhard Dorn">Gerhard Dorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Mercurio_da_Correggio" title="Giovanni Mercurio da Correggio">Giovanni da Correggio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Khunrath" title="Heinrich Khunrath">Heinrich Khunrath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hennig_Brand" title="Hennig Brand">Hennig Brand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_B%C3%B6hme" title="Jakob Böhme">Jakob Böhme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Baptist_van_Helmont" title="Jan Baptist van Helmont">Jan Baptist van Helmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Rudolf_Glauber" title="Johann Rudolf Glauber">Johann Rudolf Glauber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dee" title="John Dee">John Dee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Maier" title="Michael Maier">Michael Maier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Sendivogius" title="Michael Sendivogius">Michael Sendivogius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paracelsus" title="Paracelsus">Paracelsus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Jean_Fabre" title="Pierre-Jean Fabre">Pierre-Jean Fabre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Boyle" title="Robert Boyle">Robert Boyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Norton_(alchemist)" title="Samuel Norton (alchemist)">Samuel Norton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Vaughan_(philosopher)" title="Thomas Vaughan (philosopher)">Thomas Vaughan (Eugenius Philalethes)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Homberg" title="Wilhelm Homberg">Wilhelm Homberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Jung#Alchemy" title="Carl Jung">Carl Jung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Canseliet" title="Eugène Canseliet">Eugène Canseliet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frater_Albertus" title="Frater Albertus">Frater Albertus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulcanelli" title="Fulcanelli">Fulcanelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Anne_Atwood" title="Mary Anne Atwood">Mary Anne Atwood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Alchemical_documents" title="Category:Alchemical documents">Writings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Atalanta_Fugiens" title="Atalanta Fugiens">Atalanta fugiens</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aurora_consurgens" title="Aurora consurgens">Aurora consurgens</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liber_de_compositione_alchemiae" title="Liber de compositione alchemiae"><i>Liber de compositione alchemiae</i> (<i>Morienus</i>)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Silvery_Water_and_the_Starry_Earth" class="mw-redirect" title="Book of the Silvery Water and the Starry Earth">Book of the Silvery Water and the Starry Earth</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Mercy_(alchemical_treatise)" class="mw-redirect" title="Book of Mercy (alchemical treatise)">Book of Mercy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Books_of_the_Balances" class="mw-redirect" title="Books of the Balances">Books of the Balances</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Buch_der_heiligen_Dreifaltigkeit" title="Buch der heiligen Dreifaltigkeit">Buch der heiligen Dreifaltigkeit</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cantong_qi" title="Cantong qi">Cantong Qi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chymical_Wedding_of_Christian_Rosenkreutz" title="Chymical Wedding of Christian Rosenkreutz">Chymical Wedding of Christian Rosenkreutz</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clavis_sapientiae" class="mw-redirect" title="Clavis sapientiae"><i>Clavis sapientiae</i> (<i>Miftāḥ al-ḥikma</i>)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/De_consideratione_quintae_essentiae" class="mw-redirect" title="De consideratione quintae essentiae">De consideratione quintae essentiae</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emerald_Tablet" title="Emerald Tablet"><i>Emerald Tablet</i> (<i>Tabula Smaragdina</i>)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leyden_papyrus_X" title="Leyden papyrus X">Leyden papyrus X</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liber_Hermetis_de_alchemia" class="mw-redirect" title="Liber Hermetis de alchemia"><i>Liber Hermetis de alchemia</i> (<i>Liber dabessi</i>)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liber_Ignium" title="Liber Ignium">Liber ignium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liber_lucis" class="mw-redirect" title="Liber lucis">Liber lucis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mappae_clavicula" title="Mappae clavicula">Mappae clavicula</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mirror_of_Alchimy" title="The Mirror of Alchimy">Mirror of Alchimy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mutus_Liber" title="Mutus Liber">Mutus liber</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Nabataean_Agriculture" title="The Nabataean Agriculture">Nabataean Agriculture</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Norton_(alchemist)" title="Thomas Norton (alchemist)">Ordinal of Alchemy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_Graecus_Holmiensis" title="Papyrus Graecus Holmiensis">Papyrus Graecus Holmiensis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Physika_kai_mystika" class="mw-redirect" title="Physika kai mystika">Physika kai mystika</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rosary_of_the_Philosophers" title="Rosary of the Philosophers">Rosary of the Philosophers</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutbat_al-hakim" class="mw-redirect" title="Rutbat al-hakim"><i>Rutbat al-ḥakīm</i> (<i>Step of the Sage</i>)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Seventy_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Seventy Books">Seventy Books</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirr_al-khaliqa" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirr al-khaliqa"><i>Sirr al-khalīqa</i> (<i>Secret of Creation</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretum_Secretorum" title="Secretum Secretorum"><i>Sirr al-asrār</i> (pseudo-Aristotle)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirr_al-asrar_(al-Razi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirr al-asrar (al-Razi)"><i>Sirr al-asrār</i> (al-Rāzī)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Splendor_Solis" title="Splendor Solis">Splendor solis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Summa_perfectionis" class="mw-redirect" title="Summa perfectionis">Summa perfectionis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Suspicions_about_the_Hidden_Realities_of_the_Air" title="Suspicions about the Hidden Realities of the Air">Suspicions about the Hidden Realities of the Air</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Turba_Philosophorum" title="Turba Philosophorum">Turba philosophorum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Twelve_Keys_of_Basil_Valentine" title="The Twelve Keys of Basil Valentine">Twelve Keys of Basil Valentine</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Compilations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Salomon_Trismosin#Aureum_Vellus" title="Salomon Trismosin">Aureum vellus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_Chemica_Curiosa" title="Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa">Bibliotheca chemica curiosa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/De_Alchemia" title="De Alchemia">De alchemia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deutsches_Theatrum_Chemicum" title="Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum">Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus_Chemicus" title="Fasciculus Chemicus">Fasciculus chemicus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Musaeum_Hermeticum" title="Musaeum Hermeticum">Musaeum Hermeticum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Theatrum_Chemicum" title="Theatrum Chemicum">Theatrum chemicum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Theatrum_Chemicum_Britannicum" title="Theatrum Chemicum Britannicum">Theatrum chemicum Britannicum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tripus_Aureus" title="Tripus Aureus">Tripus aureus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Various</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alembic" title="Alembic">Alembic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alkahest" title="Alkahest">Alkahest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanor" title="Athanor">Athanor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azoth" title="Azoth">Azoth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysopoeia" title="Chrysopoeia">Chrysopoeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_element" title="Classical element">Element</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digestion_(alchemy)" title="Digestion (alchemy)">Digestion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elixir_of_life" title="Elixir of life">Elixir of life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homunculus" title="Homunculus">Homunculus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iatrochemistry" title="Iatrochemistry">Iatrochemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alchemy_in_art_and_entertainment" title="Alchemy in art and entertainment">In art/entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnum_opus_(alchemy)" title="Magnum opus (alchemy)">Magnum opus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouroboros" title="Ouroboros">Ouroboros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pill_of_Immortality" title="Pill of Immortality">Pill of Immortality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosopher%27s_stone" title="Philosopher's stone">Philosophers' stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prima_materia" title="Prima materia">Prima materia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebis" title="Rebis">Rebis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spagyric" class="mw-redirect" title="Spagyric">Spagyric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takwin" title="Takwin">Takwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yliaster" title="Yliaster">Yliaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Alchemical_processes" title="Category:Alchemical processes">Processes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_alchemical_substances" title="List of alchemical substances">Substances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alchemical_symbol" title="Alchemical symbol">Symbols</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alchemical_Symbols_(Unicode_block)" title="Alchemical Symbols (Unicode block)">Unicode</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suns_in_alchemy" title="Suns in alchemy">Suns in alchemy</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Alchemy" title="Category:Alchemy">All articles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Catholic_philosophy436" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Catholic_philosophy_footer" title="Template:Catholic philosophy footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Catholic_philosophy_footer" title="Template talk:Catholic philosophy footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic_philosophy_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic philosophy footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Catholic_philosophy436" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Christian_philosophy" title="Christian philosophy">Catholic philosophy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_moral_theology" title="Catholic moral theology">Ethics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_virtues" title="Cardinal virtues">Cardinal virtues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_command_theory" title="Divine command theory">Divine command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Just_price" title="Just price">Just price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Just_war_theory#Catholic_doctrine" title="Just war theory">Just war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_probabilism" title="Catholic probabilism">Probabilism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law#Catholic_natural_law_jurisprudence" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_personalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic personalism">Personalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_virtues" title="Seven virtues">Seven virtues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_social_teaching" title="Catholic social teaching">Social teaching</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Option_for_the_poor" title="Option for the poor">Option for the poor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_mortgage" title="Social mortgage">Social mortgage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theological_virtues" title="Theological virtues">Theological virtues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtue_ethics" title="Virtue ethics">Virtue ethics</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Gentile_da_Fabriano_052.jpg/70px-Gentile_da_Fabriano_052.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Gentile_da_Fabriano_052.jpg/105px-Gentile_da_Fabriano_052.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Gentile_da_Fabriano_052.jpg/140px-Gentile_da_Fabriano_052.jpg 2x" data-file-width="754" data-file-height="963" /></span></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/JohnDunsScotus_-_full.jpg/70px-JohnDunsScotus_-_full.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/JohnDunsScotus_-_full.jpg/105px-JohnDunsScotus_-_full.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/JohnDunsScotus_-_full.jpg/140px-JohnDunsScotus_-_full.jpg 2x" data-file-width="314" data-file-height="479" /></span></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/William_of_Ockham.png/70px-William_of_Ockham.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/William_of_Ockham.png/105px-William_of_Ockham.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/William_of_Ockham.png/140px-William_of_Ockham.png 2x" data-file-width="271" data-file-height="361" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_philosophy" title="Medieval philosophy">Medieval</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustinianism" title="Augustinianism">Augustinianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholasticism" title="Scholasticism">Scholasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomism" title="Thomism">Thomism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotism" title="Scotism">Scotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occamism" title="Occamism">Occamism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modern_philosophy" title="Modern philosophy">Modern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Salamanca" title="School of Salamanca">Salamanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_humanism" title="Christian humanism">Christian humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartesianism" title="Cartesianism">Cartesianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molinism" title="Molinism">Molinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-scholasticism" title="Neo-scholasticism">Neo-scholasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Analytical_Thomism" title="Analytical Thomism">Analytical Thomism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Problem_of_universals" title="Problem of universals">Universals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Platonic_realism" class="mw-redirect" title="Platonic realism">Augustinian realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nominalism" title="Nominalism">Nominalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceptualism" title="Conceptualism">Conceptualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moderate_realism" title="Moderate realism">Moderate realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotistic_realism" title="Scotistic realism">Scotistic realism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intellectualism" title="Intellectualism">Theological intellectualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntarism_(philosophy)" title="Voluntarism (philosophy)">Theological voluntarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundationalism" title="Foundationalism">Foundationalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_philosophers_and_theologians" title="List of Catholic philosophers and theologians">Philosophers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Abelard" title="Peter Abelard">Abelard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortimer_J._Adler" title="Mortimer J. Adler">Adler</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Albertus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcuin" title="Alcuin">Alcuin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._E._M._Anscombe" title="G. E. M. Anscombe">Anscombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anselm_of_Canterbury" title="Anselm of Canterbury">Anselm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Bacon" title="Roger Bacon">Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boethius" title="Boethius">Boethius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonaventure" title="Bonaventure">Bonaventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Ren%C3%A9_de_Chateaubriand" title="François-René de Chateaubriand">Chateaubriand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._K._Chesterton" title="G. K. Chesterton">Chesterton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Alexandria" title="Clement of Alexandria">Clement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_of_Cusa" title="Nicholas of Cusa">Cusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes">Descartes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Dionysius_the_Areopagite" title="Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite">Dionysius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erasmus" title="Erasmus">Erasmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Scotus_Eriugena" title="John Scotus Eriugena">Eriugena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsilio_Ficino" title="Marsilio Ficino">Ficino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Gassendi" title="Pierre Gassendi">Gassendi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidore_of_Seville" title="Isidore of Seville">Isidore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignacy_Krasicki" title="Ignacy Krasicki">Krasicki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramon_Llull" title="Ramon Llull">Llull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Lombard" title="Peter Lombard">Lombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alasdair_MacIntyre" title="Alasdair MacIntyre">MacIntyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_de_Maistre" title="Joseph de Maistre">Maistre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Malebranche" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholas Malebranche">Malebranche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Maritain" title="Jacques Maritain">Maritain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_de_Montaigne" title="Michel de Montaigne">Montaigne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Newman" title="John Henry Newman">Newman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_of_Ockham" title="William of Ockham">Occam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaise_Pascal" title="Blaise Pascal">Pascal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Pico_della_Mirandola" title="Giovanni Pico della Mirandola">Pico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Rahner" title="Karl Rahner">Rahner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Ratzinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Scheler" title="Max Scheler">Scheler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duns_Scotus" title="Duns Scotus">Scotus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Stein" title="Edith Stein">Stein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Su%C3%A1rez" title="Francisco Suárez">Suárez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Wojtyła</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Actus_essendi" title="Actus essendi">Actus Essendi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actus_primus" title="Actus primus">Actus primus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actus_purus" title="Actus purus">Actus purus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aevum" title="Aevum">Aevum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustinianism" title="Augustinianism">Augustinian values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_virtues" title="Cardinal virtues">Cardinal virtues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mind%E2%80%93body_dualism" title="Mind–body dualism">Cartesian dualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cogito,_ergo_sum" title="Cogito, ergo sum">Cogito, ergo sum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehellenization_of_Christianity" title="Dehellenization of Christianity">Dehellenization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Differentia" title="Differentia">Differentia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disputation" title="Disputation">Disputation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_illumination" title="Divine illumination">Divine illumination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_truth" title="Double truth">Double truth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evil_demon" title="Evil demon">Evil demon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formal_distinction" title="Formal distinction">Formal distinction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardian_angel" title="Guardian angel">Guardian angel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haecceity" title="Haecceity">Haecceity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/How_many_angels_can_dance_on_the_head_of_a_pin%3F" title="How many angels can dance on the head of a pin?">Head of a pin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homo_unius_libri" title="Homo unius libri">Homo unius libri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infused_righteousness" title="Infused righteousness">Infused righteousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memento_mori#In_Europe_from_the_Medieval_era_to_the_Victorian_era" title="Memento mori">Memento mori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occam%27s_razor" title="Occam's razor">Occam's razor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontological_argument" title="Ontological argument">Ontological argument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascal%27s_wager" title="Pascal's wager">Pascal's wager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peripatetic_axiom" title="Peripatetic axiom">Peripatetic axiom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principle_of_double_effect" title="Principle of double effect">Principle of double effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiddity" title="Quiddity">Quiddity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Ways_(Aquinas)" title="Five Ways (Aquinas)">Quinque viae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ressentiment_(Scheler)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ressentiment (Scheler)">Ressentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rota_Fortunae" class="mw-redirect" title="Rota Fortunae">Rota Fortunae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_deadly_sins" title="Seven deadly sins">Seven deadly sins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratification_of_emotional_life_(Scheler)" title="Stratification of emotional life (Scheler)">Stratification of emotional life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodicy" title="Theodicy">Theodicy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustinian_theodicy" title="Augustinian theodicy">Augustinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irenaean_theodicy" title="Irenaean theodicy">Irenaean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trademark_argument" title="Trademark argument">Trademark argument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Univocity_of_being" title="Univocity of being">Univocity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utopia" title="Utopia">Utopia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_theology" title="Catholic theology">Catholic theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platonism" title="Platonism">Platonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristotelianism" title="Aristotelianism">Aristotelianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoplatonism" title="Neoplatonism">Neoplatonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_philosophy" title="Islamic philosophy">Islamic philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_the_Church" title="Doctor of the Church">Doctor of the Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_humanism" title="Renaissance humanism">Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rationalism" title="Rationalism">Rationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empiricism" title="Empiricism">Empiricism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenomenology_(philosophy)" title="Phenomenology (philosophy)">Phenomenology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:gold"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/10px-Socrates.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/15px-Socrates.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/21px-Socrates.png 2x" data-file-width="326" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Philosophy" title="Portal:Philosophy">Philosophy portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Saints_of_the_Catholic_Church1045" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Catholic_saints" title="Template:Catholic saints"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Catholic_saints" title="Template talk:Catholic saints"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic_saints" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic saints"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Saints_of_the_Catholic_Church1045" class="wraplinks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_saints" title="List of Catholic saints">Saints of the Catholic Church</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold"><div><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_the_Causes_of_Saints" title="Dicastery for the Causes of Saints">Dicastery for the Causes of Saints</a><br />Stages of <a href="/wiki/Canonization" title="Canonization">canonization</a>: <a href="/wiki/Servant_of_God#Catholic_Church" title="Servant of God">Servant of God</a>   →   <a href="/wiki/The_Venerable#Christianity" title="The Venerable">Venerable</a>   →   <a href="/wiki/Beatification" title="Beatification">Blessed</a>   →   <a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">Saint</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_Mary_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church">Virgin Mary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Mother of God (Theotokos)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Conception" title="Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_virginity_of_Mary" title="Perpetual virginity of Mary">Perpetual virginity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary" title="Assumption of Mary">Assumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_apparition" title="Marian apparition">Marian apparition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titles_of_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Titles of Mary">Titles of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph (husband)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_the_Apostle" title="Andrew the Apostle">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnabas" title="Barnabas">Barnabas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartholomew_the_Apostle" title="Bartholomew the Apostle">Bartholomew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James,_son_of_Alphaeus" title="James, son of Alphaeus">James of Alphaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_the_Great" title="James the Great">James the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jude_the_Apostle" title="Jude the Apostle">Jude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_the_Apostle" title="Matthew the Apostle">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_the_Apostle" title="Matthias the Apostle">Matthias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Apostle" title="Philip the Apostle">Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_the_Zealot" title="Simon the Zealot">Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Thomas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Archangel" title="Archangel">Archangels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_(archangel)" title="Michael (archangel)">Michael</a>  <a href="/wiki/Saint_Michael_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Saint Michael in the Catholic Church">in the Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_(archangel)" title="Raphael (archangel)">Raphael</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Confessor_of_the_Faith" title="Confessor of the Faith">Confessors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolius_of_Laodicea" title="Anatolius of Laodicea">Anatolius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_of_Kiev" title="Anthony of Kiev">Anthony of Kiev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chariton_the_Confessor" title="Chariton the Confessor">Chariton the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Dominic" title="Saint Dominic">Dominic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Confessor" title="Edward the Confessor">Edward the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi" title="Francis of Assisi">Francis of Assisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Borgia" title="Francis Borgia">Francis Borgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Homobonus" title="Saint Homobonus">Homobonus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazarus_Zographos" title="Lazarus Zographos">Lazarus Zographos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Bertrand_(saint)" title="Louis Bertrand (saint)">Louis Bertrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_the_Confessor" title="Maximus the Confessor">Maximus the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_of_Synnada" title="Michael of Synnada">Michael of Synnada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paphnutius_of_Thebes" title="Paphnutius of Thebes">Paphnutius the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_I_of_Constantinople" title="Paul I of Constantinople">Paul I of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Claver" title="Peter Claver">Peter Claver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salonius" title="Salonius">Salonius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergius_of_Radonezh" title="Sergius of Radonezh">Sergius of Radonezh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophanes_the_Confessor" title="Theophanes the Confessor">Theophanes the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padre_Pio" title="Padre Pio">Pio of Pietrelcina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Disciple_(Christianity)" title="Disciple (Christianity)">Disciples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollos" title="Apollos">Apollos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Bethany" title="Mary of Bethany">Mary of Bethany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priscilla_and_Aquila" title="Priscilla and Aquila">Priscilla and Aquila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silas" title="Silas">Silvanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Stephen" title="Saint Stephen">Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Timothy" title="Saint Timothy">Timothy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Titus" title="Saint Titus">Titus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventy_disciples" title="Seventy disciples">Seventy disciples</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_the_Church" title="Doctor of the Church">Doctors of the Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Gregory the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose" title="Ambrose">Ambrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">John Chrysostom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_of_Caesarea" title="Basil of Caesarea">Basil of Caesarea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nazianzus" title="Gregory of Nazianzus">Gregory of Nazianzus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Alexandria" title="Cyril of Alexandria">Cyril of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Jerusalem" title="Cyril of Jerusalem">Cyril of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Damascus" title="John of Damascus">John of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bede" title="Bede">Bede the Venerable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephrem_the_Syrian" title="Ephrem the Syrian">Ephrem the Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonaventure" title="Bonaventure">Bonaventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anselm_of_Canterbury" title="Anselm of Canterbury">Anselm of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidore_of_Seville" title="Isidore of Seville">Isidore of Seville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Chrysologus" title="Peter Chrysologus">Peter Chrysologus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_I" title="Pope Leo I">Leo the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Damian" title="Peter Damian">Peter Damian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_of_Clairvaux" title="Bernard of Clairvaux">Bernard of Clairvaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilary_of_Poitiers" title="Hilary of Poitiers">Hilary of Poitiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonsus_Liguori" title="Alphonsus Liguori">Alphonsus Liguori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_de_Sales" title="Francis de Sales">Francis de Sales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Canisius" title="Peter Canisius">Peter Canisius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_the_Cross" title="John of the Cross">John of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bellarmine" title="Robert Bellarmine">Robert Bellarmine</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Albertus Magnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_of_Padua" title="Anthony of Padua">Anthony of Padua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_of_Brindisi" title="Lawrence of Brindisi">Lawrence of Brindisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_of_%C3%81vila" title="Teresa of Ávila">Teresa of Ávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Siena" title="Catherine of Siena">Catherine of Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_of_Lisieux" title="Thérèse of Lisieux">Thérèse of Lisieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_%C3%81vila" title="John of Ávila">John of Ávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildegard_of_Bingen" title="Hildegard of Bingen">Hildegard of Bingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Narek" title="Gregory of Narek">Gregory of Narek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Four_Evangelists" title="Four Evangelists">Evangelists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_the_Apostle" title="Matthew the Apostle">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_the_Evangelist" title="Mark the Evangelist">Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_the_Evangelist" title="Luke the Evangelist">Luke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Evangelist" title="John the Evangelist">John</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church<br />Fathers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_I_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Alexander I of Alexandria">Alexander of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_of_Jerusalem" title="Alexander of Jerusalem">Alexander of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose" title="Ambrose">Ambrose of Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolius_of_Laodicea" title="Anatolius of Laodicea">Anatolius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesarius_of_Arles" title="Caesarius of Arles">Caesarius of Arles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caius_(presbyter)" title="Caius (presbyter)">Caius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappadocian_Fathers" title="Cappadocian Fathers">Cappadocian Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Alexandria" title="Clement of Alexandria">Clement of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Rome" title="Clement of Rome">Clement of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprian" title="Cyprian">Cyprian of Carthage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Alexandria" title="Cyril of Alexandria">Cyril of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Jerusalem" title="Cyril of Jerusalem">Cyril of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Damasus_I" title="Pope Damasus I">Damasus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_Fathers" title="Desert Fathers">Desert Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_Mothers" title="Desert Mothers">Desert Mothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Dionysius_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Dionysius of Alexandria">Dionysius of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysius_of_Corinth" title="Dionysius of Corinth">Dionysius of Corinth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Dionysius" title="Pope Dionysius">Dionysius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephrem_the_Syrian" title="Ephrem the Syrian">Ephrem the Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiphanius_of_Salamis" title="Epiphanius of Salamis">Epiphanius of Salamis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulgentius_of_Ruspe" title="Fulgentius of Ruspe">Fulgentius of Ruspe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Gregory the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nazianzus" title="Gregory of Nazianzus">Gregory of Nazianzus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nyssa" title="Gregory of Nyssa">Gregory of Nyssa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilary_of_Poitiers" title="Hilary of Poitiers">Hilary of Poitiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippolytus_of_Rome" title="Hippolytus of Rome">Hippolytus of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Antioch" title="Ignatius of Antioch">Ignatius of Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus of Lyons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidore_of_Seville" title="Isidore of Seville">Isidore of Seville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome of Stridonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">John Chrysostom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Damascus" title="John of Damascus">John of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_the_Confessor" title="Maximus the Confessor">Maximus the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melito_of_Sardis" title="Melito of Sardis">Melito of Sardis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadratus_of_Athens" title="Quadratus of Athens">Quadratus of Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papias_of_Hierapolis" title="Papias of Hierapolis">Papias of Hierapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Chrysologus" title="Peter Chrysologus">Peter Chrysologus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polycarp" title="Polycarp">Polycarp of Smyrna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophilus_of_Antioch" title="Theophilus of Antioch">Theophilus of Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victorinus_of_Pettau" title="Victorinus of Pettau">Victorinus of Pettau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_of_L%C3%A9rins" title="Vincent of Lérins">Vincent of Lérins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zephyrinus" title="Pope Zephyrinus">Zephyrinus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_martyr" title="Christian martyr">Martyrs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abda_and_Abdisho" title="Abda and Abdisho">Abda and Abdisho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_and_Gleb" title="Boris and Gleb">Boris and Gleb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Foucauld" title="Charles de Foucauld">Charles de Foucauld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Martyrs" title="Canadian Martyrs">Canadian Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carthusian_Martyrs" title="Carthusian Martyrs">Carthusian Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_Martyrs_of_Tlaxcala" title="Child Martyrs of Tlaxcala">Child Martyrs of Tlaxcala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christina_of_Persia" title="Christina of Persia">Christina of Persia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominguito_del_Val" title="Dominguito del Val">Dominguito del Val</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devasahayam_Pillai" title="Devasahayam Pillai">Devasahayam Pillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penitent_thief" title="Penitent thief">Dismas the Good Thief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forty_Martyrs_of_England_and_Wales" title="Forty Martyrs of England and Wales">Forty Martyrs of England and Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Crowned_Martyrs" title="Four Crowned Martyrs">Four Crowned Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_of_Csan%C3%A1d" title="Gerard of Csanád">Gerard of Csanád</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_martyr" title="Great martyr">Great Martyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_the_Innocents" title="Massacre of the Innocents">The Holy Innocents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Catholic_Martyrs" title="Irish Catholic Martyrs">Irish Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fisher" title="John Fisher">John Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Martyrs" title="Korean Martyrs">Korean Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Ruiz" title="Lorenzo Ruiz">Lorenzo Ruiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck_martyrs" title="Lübeck martyrs">Martyrs of Lübeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Versiglia" title="Luigi Versiglia">Luigi Versiglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrology" title="Martyrology">Martyrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Albania" title="Martyrs of Albania">Martyrs of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19_martyrs_of_Algeria" title="19 martyrs of Algeria">Martyrs of Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Cajonos" title="Martyrs of Cajonos">Martyrs of Cajonos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Compi%C3%A8gne" title="Martyrs of Compiègne">Martyrs of Compiègne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blessed_Martyrs_of_Drina" title="Blessed Martyrs of Drina">Martyrs of Drina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyr_Saints_of_China" title="Martyr Saints of China">Martyrs of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Gorkum" title="Martyrs of Gorkum">Martyrs of Gorkum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Japan" title="Martyrs of Japan">Martyrs of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_kidnapping_and_beheading_of_Copts_in_Libya" title="2015 kidnapping and beheading of Copts in Libya">21 Martyrs of Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_La_Rioja" title="Martyrs of La Rioja">Martyrs of La Rioja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Damascus" title="Martyrs of Damascus">Martyrs of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Laos" title="Martyrs of Laos">Martyrs of Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Natal" title="Martyrs of Natal">Martyrs of Natal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Otranto" title="Martyrs of Otranto">Martyrs of Otranto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Prague" title="Martyrs of Prague">Martyrs of Prague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadok_and_48_Dominican_martyrs_from_Sandomierz" title="Sadok and 48 Dominican martyrs from Sandomierz">Martyrs of Sandomierz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_the_Spanish_Civil_War" title="Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War">Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Zenta" title="Martyrs of Zenta">Martyrs of Zenta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_Kolbe" title="Maximilian Kolbe">Maximilian Kolbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93scar_Romero" title="Óscar Romero">Óscar Romero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Calungsod" title="Pedro Calungsod">Pedro Calungsod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetua_and_Felicity" title="Perpetua and Felicity">Perpetua and Felicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Chanel" title="Peter Chanel">Peter Chanel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Parenzo" title="Pietro Parenzo">Pietro Parenzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philomena" title="Philomena">Philomena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saints_of_the_Cristero_War" title="Saints of the Cristero War">Saints of the Cristero War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Stephen" title="Saint Stephen">Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Stein" title="Edith Stein">Teresa Benedicta of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titus_Brandsma" title="Titus Brandsma">Titus Brandsma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomasian_Martyrs" title="Thomasian Martyrs">17 Thomasian Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Becket" title="Thomas Becket">Thomas Becket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">Thomas More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Martyrs_of_Chimbote" title="Three Martyrs of Chimbote">Three Martyrs of Chimbote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulma_family" title="Ulma family">Ulma Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda_Martyrs" title="Uganda Martyrs">Uganda Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Martyrs" title="Vietnamese Martyrs">Vietnamese Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Valentine" title="Saint Valentine">Valentine of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_and_Corona" title="Victor and Corona">Victor and Corona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanitas_and_Lazarus_of_Persia" title="Zanitas and Lazarus of Persia">Zanitas and Lazarus of Persia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_missions" title="Catholic missions">Missionaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Canterbury" title="Augustine of Canterbury">Augustine of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Boniface" title="Saint Boniface">Boniface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Father_Damien" title="Father Damien">Damien of Molokai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evermode_of_Ratzeburg" title="Evermode of Ratzeburg">Evermode of Ratzeburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Xavier" title="Francis Xavier">Francis Xavier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Laval" title="François de Laval">François de Laval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_the_Illuminator" title="Gregory the Illuminator">Gregory the Illuminator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jun%C3%ADpero_Serra" title="Junípero Serra">Junípero Serra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Nino" title="Saint Nino">Nino of Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick" title="Saint Patrick">Patrick of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Remigius" title="Saint Remigius">Remigius</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">Patriarchs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel" title="Cain and Abel">Abel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac">Isaac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_(Genesis)" title="Joseph (Genesis)">Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph (father of Jesus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Matriarchs_(Bible)" class="mw-redirect" title="Matriarchs (Bible)">Matriarchs</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Popes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Adeodatus_I" title="Pope Adeodatus I">Adeodatus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Adeodatus_II" title="Pope Adeodatus II">Adeodatus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Adrian_III" title="Pope Adrian III">Adrian III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Agapetus_I" title="Pope Agapetus I">Agapetus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Agatho" title="Pope Agatho">Agatho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_I" title="Pope Alexander I">Alexander I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anacletus" title="Pope Anacletus">Anacletus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anastasius_I" title="Pope Anastasius I">Anastasius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anicetus" title="Pope Anicetus">Anicetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anterus" title="Pope Anterus">Anterus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_II" title="Pope Benedict II">Benedict II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Boniface_I" title="Pope Boniface I">Boniface I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Boniface_IV" title="Pope Boniface IV">Boniface IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Caius" title="Pope Caius">Caius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Callixtus_I" title="Pope Callixtus I">Callixtus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Celestine_I" title="Pope Celestine I">Celestine I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Celestine_V" title="Pope Celestine V">Celestine V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Rome" title="Clement of Rome">Clement I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Cornelius" title="Pope Cornelius">Cornelius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Damasus_I" title="Pope Damasus I">Damasus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Dionysius" title="Pope Dionysius">Dionysius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eleutherius" title="Pope Eleutherius">Eleuterus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eugene_I" title="Pope Eugene I">Eugene I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eusebius" title="Pope Eusebius">Eusebius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eutychian" title="Pope Eutychian">Eutychian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Evaristus" title="Pope Evaristus">Evaristus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Fabian" title="Pope Fabian">Fabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Felix_I" title="Pope Felix I">Felix I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Felix_III" title="Pope Felix III">Felix III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Felix_IV" title="Pope Felix IV">Felix IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gelasius_I" title="Pope Gelasius I">Gelasius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Gregory I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_II" title="Pope Gregory II">Gregory II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_III" title="Pope Gregory III">Gregory III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_VII" title="Pope Gregory VII">Gregory VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Hilarius" title="Pope Hilarius">Hilarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Hormisdas" title="Pope Hormisdas">Hormisdas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Hyginus" title="Pope Hyginus">Hyginus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_I" title="Pope Innocent I">Innocent I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_I" title="Pope John I">John I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXIII" title="Pope John XXIII">John XXIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">John Paul II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Julius_I" title="Pope Julius I">Julius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_I" title="Pope Leo I">Leo I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_II" title="Pope Leo II">Leo II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_III" title="Pope Leo III">Leo III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_IV" title="Pope Leo IV">Leo IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_IX" title="Pope Leo IX">Leo IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Linus" title="Pope Linus">Linus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Lucius_I" title="Pope Lucius I">Lucius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Marcellinus" title="Pope Marcellinus">Marcellinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Marcellus_I" title="Pope Marcellus I">Marcellus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Mark" title="Pope Mark">Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Martin_I" title="Pope Martin I">Martin I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Miltiades" title="Pope Miltiades">Miltiades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Nicholas_I" title="Pope Nicholas I">Nicholas I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paschal_I" title="Pope Paschal I">Paschal I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_I" title="Pope Paul I">Paul I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Paul VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_I" title="Pope Pius I">Pius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_V" title="Pope Pius V">Pius V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_X" title="Pope Pius X">Pius X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pontian" title="Pope Pontian">Pontian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sergius_I" title="Pope Sergius I">Sergius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Silverius" title="Pope Silverius">Silverius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Simplicius" title="Pope Simplicius">Simplicius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Siricius" title="Pope Siricius">Siricius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_I" title="Pope Sixtus I">Sixtus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_II" title="Pope Sixtus II">Sixtus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_III" title="Pope Sixtus III">Sixtus III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Soter" title="Pope Soter">Soter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Stephen_I" title="Pope Stephen I">Stephen I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Stephen_IV" title="Pope Stephen IV">Stephen IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sylvester_I" title="Pope Sylvester I">Sylvester I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Symmachus" title="Pope Symmachus">Symmachus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Telesphorus" title="Pope Telesphorus">Telesphorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_I" title="Pope Urban I">Urban I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Victor_I" title="Pope Victor I">Victor I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Vitalian" title="Pope Vitalian">Vitalian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zachary" title="Pope Zachary">Zachary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zephyrinus" title="Pope Zephyrinus">Zephyrinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zosimus" title="Pope Zosimus">Zosimus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prophets_of_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophets of Christianity">Prophets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agabus" title="Agabus">Agabus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_(prophet)" title="Amos (prophet)">Amos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_the_Prophetess" title="Anna the Prophetess">Anna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_ben_Neriah" title="Baruch ben Neriah">Baruch ben Neriah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah" title="Elijah">Elijah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezekiel" title="Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habakkuk" title="Habakkuk">Habakkuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haggai" title="Haggai">Haggai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosea" title="Hosea">Hosea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah" title="Isaiah">Isaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah" title="Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_(biblical_figure)" title="Job (biblical figure)">Job</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_(prophet)" title="Joel (prophet)">Joel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonah" title="Jonah">Jonah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judas_Barsabbas" title="Judas Barsabbas">Judas Barsabbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malachi" title="Malachi">Malachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melchizedek" title="Melchizedek">Melchizedek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micah_(prophet)" title="Micah (prophet)">Micah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahum" title="Nahum">Nahum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obadiah" title="Obadiah">Obadiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel" title="Samuel">Samuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman_with_seven_sons" title="Woman with seven sons">Seven Maccabees and their mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_(Gospel_of_Luke)" title="Simeon (Gospel of Luke)">Simeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(Hebrew_prophet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zechariah (Hebrew prophet)">Zechariah (prophet)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(New_Testament_figure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zechariah (New Testament figure)">Zechariah (NT)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zephaniah" title="Zephaniah">Zephaniah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Virgin_(title)" title="Virgin (title)">Virgins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agatha_of_Sicily" title="Agatha of Sicily">Agatha of Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_of_Rome" title="Agnes of Rome">Agnes of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_of_the_Cross" title="Angela of the Cross">Angela of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelthryth" title="Æthelthryth">Æthelthryth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernadette_Soubirous" title="Bernadette Soubirous">Bernadette Soubirous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Bologna" title="Catherine of Bologna">Catherine of Bologna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigid_of_Kildare" title="Brigid of Kildare">Brigid of Kildare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Labour%C3%A9" title="Catherine Labouré">Catherine Labouré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Siena" title="Catherine of Siena">Catherine of Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Cecilia" title="Saint Cecilia">Cecilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clare_of_Assisi" title="Clare of Assisi">Clare of Assisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eulalia_of_M%C3%A9rida" title="Eulalia of Mérida">Eulalia of Mérida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphemia" title="Euphemia">Euphemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faustina_Kowalska" title="Faustina Kowalska">Faustina Kowalska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faustina_and_Liberata_of_Como" title="Faustina and Liberata of Como">Faustina and Liberata of Como</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genevieve" title="Genevieve">Genevieve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiltrude_of_Liessies" title="Hiltrude of Liessies">Hiltrude of Liessies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc" title="Joan of Arc">Joan of Arc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kateri_Tekakwitha" title="Kateri Tekakwitha">Kateri Tekakwitha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucy" title="Saint Lucy">Lucy of Syracuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Goretti" title="Maria Goretti">Maria Goretti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_de_las_Maravillas_de_Jes%C3%BAs" title="María de las Maravillas de Jesús">María de las Maravillas de Jesús</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcisa_de_Jes%C3%BAs" title="Narcisa de Jesús">Narcisa de Jesús</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_of_Naples" title="Patricia of Naples">Patricia of Naples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Rosalia" title="Saint Rosalia">Rosalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_of_Lima" title="Rose of Lima">Rose of Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_of_the_Andes" title="Teresa of the Andes">Teresa of the Andes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Teresa" title="Mother Teresa">Teresa of Calcutta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trasilla_and_Emiliana" title="Trasilla and Emiliana">Trasilla and Emiliana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubaldesca_Taccini" title="Ubaldesca Taccini">Ubaldesca Taccini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_Bakhita" title="Josephine Bakhita">Josephine Bakhita</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Calendar of saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Holy_Marshals" title="Four Holy Marshals">Four Holy Marshals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteen_Holy_Helpers" title="Fourteen Holy Helpers">Fourteen Holy Helpers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyr_of_charity" title="Martyr of charity">Martyr of charity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_saint" title="Military saint">Military saints</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athleta_Christi" title="Athleta Christi">Athleta Christi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Christianus" title="Miles Christianus">Miles Christianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churches_Militant,_Penitent,_and_Triumphant" title="Churches Militant, Penitent, and Triumphant">Church Militant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Champions_of_Christendom" title="Seven Champions of Christendom">Seven Champions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_venerated_couples" title="List of venerated couples">Venerated couples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtuous_pagan" title="Virtuous pagan">Virtuous pagan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholic_Church" title="Portal:Catholic Church">Catholic Church portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/16px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/24px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 1.5x, 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.navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/21px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/32px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/42px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 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title="Portal:Germany">Germany</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60059#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata5477" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60059#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata5477" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60059#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000109226821">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/88125532">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/316875564">2</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/20997590">3</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/315720470">4</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/1921168048981438410004">5</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/306410920">6</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/66827/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjGMRcMxpKBxFQkHTPYhgX">WorldCat</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjMm44GbGMkvV8wr8GKKh3">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118637649">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Albertus, Magnus, Saint, 1193?-1280"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81007973">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12030001d">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12030001d">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00519484">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Albertus : Magnus <santo>"><a rel="nofollow" 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