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Available in 11 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-11" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">11 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9" title="بستيلة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بستيلة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastila" title="Pastila – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pastila" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7" title="پاستیلا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پاستیلا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%A1" title="Պաստիլա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պաստիլա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastil%C3%A0" title="Pastilà – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pastilà" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%94" title="פסטילה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פסטילה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%82%B9%E3%83%81%E3%83%A9" title="パスチラ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="パスチラ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasty%C5%82a" title="Pastyła – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pastyła" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Пастила – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пастила" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Как – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Как" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Russian fruit confectionary</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about Russian fruit confectionery. For the Arabo-Andalusian meat pie, see <a href="/wiki/Pastilla" title="Pastilla">Pastilla</a>. For the Philippine milk-based confectionery, see <a href="/wiki/Pastillas" title="Pastillas">pastillas</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hrecipe adr"><caption class="infobox-title fn"><span>Pastila</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kolomna_Pastila.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Kolomna_Pastila.jpg/220px-Kolomna_Pastila.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Kolomna_Pastila.jpg/330px-Kolomna_Pastila.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Kolomna_Pastila.jpg/440px-Kolomna_Pastila.jpg 2x" data-file-width="638" data-file-height="454" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding-bottom:0.25em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;">Pastila from Kolomna</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Course</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Confectionery" title="Confectionery">Confectionery</a></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Place of origin</th><td class="infobox-data country-name"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Main ingredients</th><td class="infobox-data ingredient">fruit <a href="/wiki/Pur%C3%A9e" title="Purée">purée</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egg_white" title="Egg white">egg whites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">sugar</a> or <a href="/wiki/Honey" title="Honey">honey</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Variations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Food_coloring" title="Food coloring">Food coloring</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:0.25em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pastila" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Pastila">Media: Pastila</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Pastila</b> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">пастила́</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ru-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian" title="Help:IPA/Russian">[pəsʲtʲɪˈɫa]</a></span>) is a traditional <a href="/wiki/Russian_cuisine" title="Russian cuisine">Russian</a> <a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">fruit</a> <a href="/wiki/Confectionery" title="Confectionery">confectionery</a> (<i><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/p%C3%A2te_de_fruits" class="extiw" title="fr:pâte de fruits">pâte de fruits</a></i>). It has been described as "small squares of pressed fruit paste"<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "light, airy puffs with a delicate apple flavor".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Russia">Imperial Russia</a>, the "small jellied <a href="/wiki/Sweetmeats" class="mw-redirect" title="Sweetmeats">sweetmeats</a>" were served for tea "with a white foamy top, a bit like <a href="/wiki/Marshmallow" title="Marshmallow">marshmallow</a>, but tasting of pure fruit".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first mentions of pastila in Russian written sources date back to the 16th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Vasmer_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vasmer-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name is probably a <a href="/wiki/Loanword" title="Loanword">loanword</a> from <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">pastello</i> or <i>pastiglia</i>, or from the cognate <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">pastille</i> which in turn comes from <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">pastillus</i> (a loaf or pie, cf. <a href="/wiki/Pastilla" title="Pastilla">pastilla</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Vasmer_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vasmer-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 19th century, pastila was made from sourish Russian <a href="/wiki/Apple" title="Apple">apples</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Antonovka" title="Antonovka">Antonovka</a> or mashed Northern berries (<a href="/wiki/Lingonberry" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingonberry">lingonberry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rowan" title="Rowan">rowan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ribes" title="Ribes">currants</a>) sweetened with <a href="/wiki/Honey" title="Honey">honey</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">sugar</a> and lightened with <a href="/wiki/Egg_white" title="Egg white">egg whites</a>. The paste was baked in the <a href="/wiki/Russian_oven" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian oven">Russian oven</a> for many hours, then arranged in several layers inside an <a href="/wiki/Alder" title="Alder">alder</a> box and then left to dry in the same oven.<sup id="cite_ref-pokh_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pokh-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Russia">Imperial Russia</a>, pastila was considered an expensive treat. Priced at one <a href="/wiki/Ruble" title="Ruble">rouble</a> and a half, it was produced at noblemen's manors by serf labor. The cheapest pastila was made with honey instead of sugar. The Russian stove afforded two days of steadily diminishing heat to bake the fruit paste.<sup id="cite_ref-pokh_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pokh-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Tatars" title="Tatars">Tatar</a> variety was strained through a fine sieve, which helped keep apple seeds intact.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_cuisine" title="Soviet cuisine">Soviet</a> period, pastila was produced using an industrially optimised technology.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/William_Pokhlyobkin" title="William Pokhlyobkin">William Pokhlyobkin</a>, this Soviet-style pastila does not depend on the unique properties of the peasant stove and is markedly inferior to its homemade predecessors.<sup id="cite_ref-pokh_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pokh-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was ultimately eclipsed in popularity by <a href="/wiki/Zefir_(food)" title="Zefir (food)">zefir</a>, which is made from similar ingredients but with whipped egg whites and <a href="/wiki/Thickening_agent" title="Thickening agent">gelling agents</a>. </p><p>In the 2010s, traditional pastila is regaining its popularity, with the <a href="/wiki/Kolomna" title="Kolomna">Kolomna</a> and especially <a href="/wiki/Belyov" title="Belyov">Belyov</a> versions widely available commercially.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production_in_Kolomna">Production in Kolomna</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pastila&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Production in Kolomna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Kolomna" title="Kolomna">Kolomna</a> claims to be the birthplace of original "white-foam" pastila and maintains a museum and a museum factory dedicated to history and traditions of pastila production.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The museum occupies a merchant house dating from ca. 1800, while the museum factory is located in a historical factory building. <a href="/wiki/Rzhev" title="Rzhev">Rzhev</a> and <a href="/wiki/Belyov" title="Belyov">Belyov</a> used to be known as other important centres of production.<sup id="cite_ref-pokh_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pokh-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kolomna pastila has been hand-made from apples for more than three hundred years.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The process included whipping apple puree with egg whites and drying the paste in a stove. The finished product could be stored for many years.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In 1735 the first pastila factory (<i>pastilnaya</i>) was set up.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The pastila recipes and the product itself were forgotten after the Russian Revolution.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 2008, during the <a href="/wiki/2008_European_Speed_Skating_Championships" title="2008 European Speed Skating Championships">European skating championship</a> in Kolomna, the project "History with flavor" was implemented, which resulted in the revival of the Kolomna pastila production process.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The forsaken symbol of Kolomna was regained with the opening of the pastila factory and the museum that followed. </p><p>The museum was set up in a historical building in the old part of the city. In the building next to it one can find the factory itself. During the theatrical performance that accompanies excursion, visitors are offered a number of unique sorts of pastila. There is also another museum where tourists can both listen to the story of pastila and buy a box of the dessert.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pastila&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/32px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/48px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/64px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian_desserts" title="List of Russian desserts">List of Russian desserts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pestil" title="Pestil">Pestil</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pastila&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vera Broido. <i>Daughter of Revolution: A Russian Girlhood Remembered</i>. Constable, 1998. Page 122.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Darra Goldstein. <i>A Taste of Russia: A Cookbook of Russian Hospitality</i>. Russian Information Services, 1999. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1880100428" title="Special:BookSources/1880100428">1880100428</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aKEICug2T-EC&pg=PA209">Page 209</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Christmas Around the World</i>. Sutton Publishing, 1998. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780750917247" title="Special:BookSources/9780750917247">9780750917247</a>. Page 31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vasmer-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Vasmer_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vasmer_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">М. Р. Фасмер. <i>Этимологический словарь русского языка</i>. Прогресс, 1964—1973. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?root=config&morpho=0&basename=%5Cdata%5Cie%5Cvasmer&first=1&off=&text_word=Пастила&method_word=substring&ic_word=on&text_general=&method_general=substring&ic_general=on&text_origin=&method_origin=substring&ic_origin=on&text_trubachev=&method_trubachev=substring&ic_trubachev=on&text_editorial=&method_editorial=substring&ic_editorial=on&text_pages=&method_pages=substring&ic_pages=on&text_any=&method_any=substring&sort=word&ic_any=on">Пастила</a> (<a href="/wiki/Max_Vasmer" title="Max Vasmer">Max Vasmer</a>, <i>Etymological dictionary of the Russian language</i>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ido.rudn.ru/ffec/hist/chrest%5CX_10.html">Послание Ивана Грозного в Кириллов монастырь</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070819063913/http://ido.rudn.ru/ffec/hist/chrest/X_10.html">Archived</a> 2007-08-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>, 1573 (<i>The epistle of <a href="/wiki/Ivan_the_Terrible" title="Ivan the Terrible">Ivan the Terrible</a> to the abbot of the <a href="/wiki/Kirillo-Belozersky_Monastery" title="Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery">Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery</a></i>, 1573).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Домострой</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wco.ru/biblio/books/domostroy/main.htm">глава 66</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190412033245/http://wco.ru/biblio/books/domostroy/Main.htm">Archived</a> 2019-04-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Domostroy" title="Domostroy">Domostroy</a></i>, a 16th-century Russian set of household rules. Section 66).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">А. Н. Чудинов. <i>Словарь иностранных слов, вошедших в состав русского языка</i>. 1910. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/dic_fwords/26328/ПАСТИЛА">Пастила</a> (A. N. Tchudinov. <i>Dictionary of foreign words adopted to the Russian language.</i> 1910).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pokh-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pokh_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pokh_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pokh_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pokh_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">В. В. Похлёбкин. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulinarnayakniga.ru/tesaurus/207/177707/">Кулинарный словарь</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190402182424/http://kulinarnayakniga.ru/tesaurus/207/177707/">Archived</a> 2019-04-02 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>. Центрполиграф, 2002 (<a href="/wiki/William_Pokhlyobkin" title="William Pokhlyobkin">William Pokhlyobkin</a>. <i>Culinary Dictionary</i>. Centrpoligraf, 2002).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Леонид Васильевич Беловинский. <i>Энциклопедический словарь российской жизни и истории: XVIII-начало XX в.</i> ОЛМА-ПРЕСС, 2003. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/5-224-04008-6" title="Special:BookSources/5-224-04008-6">5-224-04008-6</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4W5sUATx57MC&pg=PA721">Сласти</a> (Leonid Belovinsky, <i>Encyclopaedic dictionary of Russian life and history: From the 18th to the beginning of the 20th century</i>. OLMA-PRESS, 2003).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://docs.cntd.ru/document/1200022417">ГОСТ-6441-96, Изделия кондитерские пастильные, общие технические условия</a> (Interstate Standard 6441-96, former Soviet state technical standard, <i>Pastila type confectionery. General specifications</i>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.forbes.ru/svoi-biznes/istorii-uspekha/310831-sladkoe-mesto-kak-proizvodstvo-pastily-iz-promysla-prevratilos-v">"Сладкое место: как производство пастилы из промысла превратилось в бизнес"</a>. 25 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%3A+%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8B+%D0%B8%D0%B7+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8C+%D0%B2+%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81&rft.date=2016-01-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.ru%2Fsvoi-biznes%2Fistorii-uspekha%2F310831-sladkoe-mesto-kak-proizvodstvo-pastily-iz-promysla-prevratilos-v&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APastila" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul Duvernet. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rbth.com/articles/2011/09/15/pastila_the_delicacy_of_yesteryear_13409.html">Pastila: The delicacy of yesteryear</a>, Russia Beyond the Headlines, Rossiyskaya Gazeta, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kolomnapastila.ru/en/">Website of the Pastila Museum</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kolomnapastila.com/">Website of the Pastila Museum Factory</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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