CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="zh" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>行政机关 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )zhwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"zh", "wgMonthNames":["","1月","2月","3月","4月","5月","6月","7月","8月","9月","10月","11月","12月"],"wgRequestId":"13131ac1-01d6-423e-94f1-0f71f819a2f4","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"行政机关","wgTitle":"行政机关","wgCurRevisionId":85499419,"wgRevisionId":85499419,"wgArticleId":105703,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["包含BNE标识符的维基百科条目","包含GND标识符的维基百科条目","包含J9U标识符的维基百科条目","包含LCCN标识符的维基百科条目","包含NKC标识符的维基百科条目","包含NLK标识符的维基百科条目","包含EMU标识符的维基百科条目","政府机构类型","行政机构"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"行政机关","wgRelevantArticleId":105703,"wgUserVariant":"zh", "wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"行政","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"zh","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":["zh-hans","zh-hant","zh-cn","zh-tw","zh-hk","zh-sg","zh-mo","zh-my"]},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":9000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B3","wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q35798","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile", "model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.large-font":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp", "ext.gadget.edit0","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.gadget.UnihanTooltips","ext.gadget.Difflink","ext.gadget.pseudonamespace-UI","ext.gadget.SpecialWikitext","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.VariantAlly","ext.gadget.AdvancedSiteNotices","ext.gadget.hideConversionTab","ext.gadget.ilhpp","ext.gadget.noteTA","ext.gadget.NavFrame","ext.gadget.collapsibleTables","ext.gadget.scrollUpButton","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=ext.gadget.large-font&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.16"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="行政机关 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B3"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="编辑本页" href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B3&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (zh)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//zh.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B3"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B3"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B3"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B3"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-my/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B3"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-sg/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B3"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hant/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B3"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hk/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B3"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-mo/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B3"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B3"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B3"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia的Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-行政机关 rootpage-行政机关 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">跳转到内容</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="主菜单" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="主菜单" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">主菜单</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">主菜单</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 导航 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="访问首页[z]" accesskey="z"><span>首页</span></a></li><li id="n-indexpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95" title="以分类索引搜寻中文维基百科"><span>分类索引</span></a></li><li id="n-Featured_content" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%89%B9%E8%89%B2%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9" title="查看中文维基百科的特色内容"><span>特色内容</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E5%8B%95%E6%85%8B" title="提供当前新闻事件的背景资料"><span>新闻动态</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9" title="列出维基百科中的最近修改[r]" accesskey="r"><span>最近更改</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="随机载入一个页面[x]" accesskey="x"><span>随机条目</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-help" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-help" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 帮助 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95" title="寻求帮助"><span>帮助</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%A4%BE%E7%BE%A4%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="关于本计划、你可以做什么、应该如何做"><span>维基社群</span></a></li><li id="n-policy" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D%E8%88%87%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95" title="查看维基百科的方针和指引"><span>方针与指引</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BA%92%E5%8A%A9%E5%AE%A2%E6%A0%88" title="参与维基百科社群的讨论"><span>互助客栈</span></a></li><li id="n-Information_desk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E9%97%AE%E7%AD%94" title="解答任何与维基百科无关的问题的地方"><span>知识问答</span></a></li><li id="n-conversion" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%AD%97%E8%AF%8D%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2" title="提出字词转换请求"><span>字词转换</span></a></li><li id="n-IRC" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC%E8%81%8A%E5%A4%A9%E9%A2%91%E9%81%93"><span>IRC即时聊天</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E8%81%94%E7%BB%9C%E6%88%91%E4%BB%AC" title="如何联络维基百科"><span>联络我们</span></a></li><li id="n-about" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E" title="查看维基百科的简介"><span>关于维基百科</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="维基百科" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-zh.svg" style="width: 6.5625em; height: 1.375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="自由的百科全书" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-zh.svg" width="103" height="14" style="width: 6.4375em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>搜索</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="搜索维基百科" aria-label="搜索维基百科" autocapitalize="sentences" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:搜索"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">搜索</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="个人工具"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="更改页面字体大小、宽度和颜色的外观" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="外观" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">外观</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh" class=""><span>资助维基百科</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B3" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的" class=""><span>创建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B3" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B3" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B3" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-不同制度下的行政机构" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#不同制度下的行政机构"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>不同制度下的行政机构</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-不同制度下的行政机构-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-结构" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#结构"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>结构</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-结构-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-职能" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#职能"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>职能</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-职能-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參見" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參見"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>參見</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參見-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目录" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">行政机关</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。94种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-94" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">94种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exekutive" title="Exekutive – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Exekutive" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="سلطة تنفيذية – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سلطة تنفيذية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%87_%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0%D9%8A%D9%87" title="سلطه تنفيذيه – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سلطه تنفيذيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poder_executivu" title="Poder executivu – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Poder executivu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0craedici_hakimiyy%C9%99t" title="İcraedici hakimiyyət – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İcraedici hakimiyyət" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87_%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%88" title="موجریه گوجو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="موجریه گوجو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ehekutibo" title="Ehekutibo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Ehekutibo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%9E%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Выканаўчая ўлада – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Выканаўчая ўлада" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%9E%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Выканаўчая ўлада – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Выканаўчая ўлада" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BF%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82" title="Изпълнителна власт – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Изпълнителна власт" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%80_(%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0)" title="নির্বাহী (সরকার) – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নির্বাহী (সরকার)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izvr%C5%A1na_vlast" title="Izvršna vlast – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Izvršna vlast" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poder_executiu" title="Poder executiu – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Poder executiu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B3%DB%95%DA%B5%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%AC%DB%8E%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AC%DB%8E%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="دەسەڵاتی جێبەجێکار – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دەسەڵاتی جێبەجێکار" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%BDkonn%C3%A1_moc" title="Výkonná moc – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Výkonná moc" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%94%C3%A7_%D1%82%C4%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%C3%A7" title="Ĕç тăвакан влаç – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ĕç тăвакан влаç" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gweithrediaeth" title="Gweithrediaeth – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gweithrediaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ud%C3%B8vende_magt" title="Udøvende magt – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Udøvende magt" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exekutive" title="Exekutive – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Exekutive" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B5%CE%BE%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Εκτελεστική εξουσία – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εκτελεστική εξουσία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government) – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Executive (government)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plenuma_povo" title="Plenuma povo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Plenuma povo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poder_ejecutivo" title="Poder ejecutivo – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Poder ejecutivo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A4idesaatev_v%C3%B5im" title="Täidesaatev võim – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Täidesaatev võim" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botere_betearazle" title="Botere betearazle – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Botere betearazle" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87" title="قوه مجریه – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قوه مجریه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toimeenpanovalta" title="Toimeenpanovalta – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Toimeenpanovalta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pouvoir_ex%C3%A9cutif" title="Pouvoir exécutif – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pouvoir exécutif" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utfierende_macht" title="Utfierende macht – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Utfierende macht" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poder_executivo" title="Poder executivo – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Poder executivo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%A6%D7%A2%D7%AA" title="רשות מבצעת – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רשות מבצעת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80_(%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0)" title="कार्यकारिणी (सरकार) – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कार्यकारिणी (सरकार)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izvr%C5%A1na_vlast" title="Izvršna vlast – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Izvršna vlast" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eksekutiwa" title="Eksekutiwa – 上索布语" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Eksekutiwa" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="上索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pouvwa_egzekitif" title="Pouvwa egzekitif – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Pouvwa egzekitif" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korm%C3%A1ny_(%C3%A1llami_szerv)" title="Kormány (állami szerv) – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kormány (állami szerv)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AE%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%AB%D6%80_%D5%AB%D5%B7%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Գործադիր իշխանություն – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գործադիր իշխանություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eksekutif_(pemerintahan)" title="Eksekutif (pemerintahan) – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Eksekutif (pemerintahan)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Framkv%C3%A6mdarvald" title="Framkvæmdarvald – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Framkvæmdarvald" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potere_esecutivo" title="Potere esecutivo – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Potere esecutivo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%A9%9F%E9%96%A2" title="行政機関 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="行政機関" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eksekutif" title="Eksekutif – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Eksekutif" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A6%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="აღმასრულებელი ხელისუფლება – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აღმასრულებელი ხელისუფლება" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D2%9B%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Атқарушы билік – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Атқарушы билік" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97" title="ಕಾರ್ಯಾಂಗ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಾರ್ಯಾಂಗ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%96%89%EC%A0%95%EA%B8%B0%EA%B4%80" title="행정기관 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="행정기관" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D1%83%D1%87%D1%83_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Толтуруучу власть – 卡拉恰伊巴尔卡尔语" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Толтуруучу власть" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="卡拉恰伊巴尔卡尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%83_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Аткаруу бийлиги – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Аткаруу бийлиги" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potestas_exsecutiva" title="Potestas exsecutiva – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Potestas exsecutiva" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executieve_mach" title="Executieve mach – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Executieve mach" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poder_esecutiv" title="Poder esecutiv – 伦巴第语" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Poder esecutiv" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="伦巴第语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vykdomoji_vald%C5%BEia" title="Vykdomoji valdžia – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vykdomoji valdžia" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izpildvara" title="Izpildvara – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Izpildvara" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80_(%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0)" title="कार्यकारिणी (सरकार) – 迈蒂利语" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="कार्यकारिणी (सरकार)" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="迈蒂利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahefana_mpanatanteraka" title="Fahefana mpanatanteraka – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fahefana mpanatanteraka" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82" title="Извршна власт – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Извршна власт" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%A3_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%82" title="കാര്യനിർവ്വഹണ വിഭാഗം – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കാര്യനിർവ്വഹണ വിഭാഗം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badan_eksekutif" title="Badan eksekutif – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Badan eksekutif" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ut%C3%B6vend_Macht" title="Utövend Macht – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Utövend Macht" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="कार्यकारिणी – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कार्यकारिणी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uitvoerende_macht" title="Uitvoerende macht – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Uitvoerende macht" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_ut%C3%B8vande_makta" title="Den utøvande makta – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Den utøvande makta" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ut%C3%B8vende_makt" title="Utøvende makt – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Utøvende makt" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poder_executiu" title="Poder executiu – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Poder executiu" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE" title="ਕਾਰਜਪਾਲਿਕਾ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਾਰਜਪਾਲਿਕਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poder_ehecutivo" title="Poder ehecutivo – 帕皮阿门托语" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Poder ehecutivo" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="帕皮阿门托语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adza_wykonawcza" title="Władza wykonawcza – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Władza wykonawcza" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%D9%82%D9%88%D9%87" title="اجرايي قوه – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اجرايي قوه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poder_executivo" title="Poder executivo – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Poder executivo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruraq_atiy" title="Ruraq atiy – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ruraq atiy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executiv" title="Executiv – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Executiv" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Исполнительная власть – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Исполнительная власть" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="انتظاميا – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="انتظاميا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izvr%C5%A1na_vlast" title="Izvršna vlast – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Izvršna vlast" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B0%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BA_(%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%AB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80)" title="විධායකය (ආණ්ඩුව) – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="විධායකය (ආණ්ඩුව)" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Executive (government)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%BDkonn%C3%A1_moc" title="Výkonná moc – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Výkonná moc" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izvr%C5%A1ilna_oblast" title="Izvršilna oblast – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Izvršilna oblast" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fulinta_(Dawlad)" title="Fulinta (Dawlad) – 索马里语" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Fulinta (Dawlad)" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索马里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82" title="Извршна власт – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Извршна власт" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verkst%C3%A4llande_makt" title="Verkställande makt – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Verkställande makt" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utendaji_(serikali)" title="Utendaji (serikali) – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Utendaji (serikali)" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="செயலாட்சியர் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="செயலாட்சியர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%95_%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A5_(%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%AD%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%82)" title="కార్యనిర్వాహక వ్యవస్థ (ప్రభుత్వం) – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కార్యనిర్వాహక వ్యవస్థ (ప్రభుత్వం)" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D2%B7%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ҳокимияти иҷроия – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҳокимияти иҷроия" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3" title="อำนาจบริหาร – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อำนาจบริหาร" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ehekutibong_sangay" title="Ehekutibong sangay – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ehekutibong sangay" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C3%BCr%C3%BCtme_erki" title="Yürütme erki – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yürütme erki" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Виконавча влада – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Виконавча влада" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ijro_etuvchi_hokimiyat" title="Ijro etuvchi hokimiyat – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ijro etuvchi hokimiyat" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podere_ezecutivo" title="Podere ezecutivo – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Podere ezecutivo" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A0nh_ph%C3%A1p" title="Hành pháp – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hành pháp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B3" title="行政机关 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="行政机关" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%A9%9F%E6%A7%8B" title="行政機構 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="行政機構" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q35798#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B3" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B3" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B3" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B3" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B3" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B3" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B3" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B3" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B3" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B3" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B3" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B3"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B3&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B3&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B3"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B3&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B3&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B3" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B3" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project:上传" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B3&oldid=85499419" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B3&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B3&id=85499419&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E8%25A1%258C%25E6%2594%25BF%25E6%259C%25BA%25E5%2585%25B3"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E8%25A1%258C%25E6%2594%25BF%25E6%259C%25BA%25E5%2585%25B3"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B3&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Executive_government" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q35798" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">（重定向自<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="行政">行政</a>）</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:" :"}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe li::after{content:" | ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen li::after{content:" - ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma li::after{content:"、";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:"（"counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li::after{content:"，"}.mw-parser-output .sslist li::after{content:"；"}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child::after{content:none}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84913072">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:100%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-subgroup,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-subgroup,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="padding-bottom:0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="Category:政治">系列条目</a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#ededed;padding-bottom:0;font-size:200%;font-weight:normal;color:white;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="政治">政治</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding:0.4em 0 0.4em;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="投票箱" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/70px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/105px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/140px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:white;color:#3A5FCD;">基本主题</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%8F%B2" title="政治史">政治史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="政治哲学">政治哲学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="政治经济学">政治经济学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%8F%B2" title="世界政治史">世界政治史</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%AD%A6%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E9%A2%98%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="政治学基本主题列表（页面不存在）">各国政治</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:white;color:#3A5FCD;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E4%BD%93" title="政体">政治体系</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="无政府主义">无政府主义</a></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E9%82%A6" title="城邦">城邦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB" title="民主">民主制</a></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="联盟制" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Federacy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F%E5%88%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="联盟制（页面不存在）">联盟制</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federacy" class="extiw" title="en:Federacy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Federacy</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E5%BB%BA%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6_(%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2)" title="封建制度 (歐洲)">封建制</a></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%AC%E8%A3%81%E6%94%BF%E4%BD%93" class="mw-redirect" title="独裁政体">独裁制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="委员会制">委员会制</a></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E8%8B%B1%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="精英政治">精英政治</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%B6" title="君主制">君主制</a></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="议会制">议会制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%88%B6" title="总统制">总统制</a></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%88%B6" title="半总统制">半总统制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E6%9D%83%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="神权政治">神权政治</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:white;color:#3A5FCD;">学术门类</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><div style="padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em; line-height:1.15em;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="政治学">政治学</a><br /><small>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6" title="政治学家">政治学家</a>）</small></div></li> <li><div style="padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em; line-height:1.15em;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E5%AD%B8" title="國際關係學">國際關係學</a><br /><small>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="國際關係理論">理论</a>）</small></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="比较政治学">比较政治学</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:white;color:#3A5FCD;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%AD%A6" title="公共行政学">公共行政</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E5%83%9A%E5%88%B6" title="官僚制">官僚制</a><small>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%B1%82%E5%AE%98%E5%83%9A" title="基层官僚">基层</a>）</small></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="灵活组织机构" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Adhocracy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%81%B5%E6%B4%BB%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E6%9C%BA%E6%9E%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="灵活组织机构（页面不存在）">灵活组织机构</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adhocracy" class="extiw" title="en:Adhocracy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Adhocracy</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:white;color:#3A5FCD;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96" title="政策">政策</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96" title="公共政策">公共政策</a><small>（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="公共政策原则" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Public policy doctrine"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="公共政策原则（页面不存在）">原则</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_policy_doctrine" class="extiw" title="en:Public policy doctrine"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Public policy doctrine</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>）</small></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E7%9C%BE%E5%88%A9%E7%9B%8A" title="公眾利益">公共利益</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96" title="外交政策">外交政策</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:white;color:#3A5FCD;">政府机构</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%8A%E5%8A%9B%E5%88%86%E7%AB%8B" title="權力分立">权力分立</a></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B3" title="立法机关">立法机构</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">行政机构</a></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E6%A9%9F%E9%97%9C" title="司法機關">司法机构</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83" title="選舉委員會">选举机构</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:white;color:#3A5FCD;">相关主题</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E6%AC%8A" title="主權">主權</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="政治行为理论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Theories of political behavior"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%BA%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="政治行为理论（页面不存在）">政治行为理论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theories_of_political_behavior" class="extiw" title="en:Theories of political behavior"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Theories of political behavior</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="政治心理學">政治心理学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="生理与政治导向" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Biology and political orientation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E7%90%86%E4%B8%8E%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%AF%BC%E5%90%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生理与政治导向（页面不存在）">生理与政治导向</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biology_and_political_orientation" class="extiw" title="en:Biology and political orientation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Biology and political orientation</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="政治組織">政治組織</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:white;color:#3A5FCD;">下属系列</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%95%E7%A5%A8%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="投票制度">选举制度</a></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="选举">选举</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%95%E7%A5%A8" title="投票">投票</a>）</li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="联邦主义">联邦主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="政府">政府</a></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E8%AD%98%E5%BD%A2%E6%85%8B" title="意識形態">意識形態</a></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E5%85%9A" title="政党">政党</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="padding-top:0.1em;font-weight:bold;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="主题"><img alt="主题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="Portal:政治">政治主题</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics" title="Template:Politics"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics" title="Template talk:Politics"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Politics" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Politics"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>行政機關</b>，又称<b>行政机构</b>、<b>行政部门</b>，其工作是对组织進行日常的管理并施行法律政策等相关活动，是<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%8A%E5%8A%9B%E5%88%86%E7%AB%8B" title="權力分立">三权分立</a>中的其中一部份。广义上，行政定义为负责国家政策的执行的政府机构。狭义上，则专指<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E9%96%A3" title="內閣">内阁</a>等行政决策机构，而只从事事务性执行工作的人员和机构则归为官僚机构<sup id="cite_ref-孙关宏_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-孙关宏-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。但是这种区分也存在争议，例如<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="法国大革命">法国大革命</a>前以及欧洲的许多<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E7%AB%8B%E5%AE%AA%E6%94%BF%E4%BD%93" class="mw-redirect" title="君主立宪政体">君主立宪政体</a>，占据行政机构顶端的部长职位的也是行政管理者<sup id="cite_ref-布莱克维尔_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-布莱克维尔-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>在基於<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%AC%8A%E5%88%86%E7%AB%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="三權分立">三權分立</a>原則的<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="政治制度">政治制度</a>中，權力分佈在行政、<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="立法">立法</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="司法">司法</a>之間——試圖防止權力集中在一個群體手中。在這樣的系統中，行政部門不通過法律（立法機構的作用）或解釋它們（司法機構的作用）。相反，行政部門執行立法機關製定並由司法機關解釋的法律。行政可以是某些類型的法律的來源，例如<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E4%BB%A4" title="法令">法令</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4" title="行政命令">行政命令</a>。行政官僚機構通常是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%A6%8F" title="法規">法規</a>的來源。 </p><p>在使用<a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%B0%E8%A1%8C%E5%90%88%E4%B8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="議行合一">議行合一</a>的政治制度中，通常包括<a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83%E5%88%B6" title="議會制">議會制</a>，只有行政機構通常被稱為政府（立法機關通常被稱為“議會”或簡稱為“立法機關”），通常是立法機構的一部分或需要立法機關的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%BB%E4%BE%9B%E7%BB%99" title="信任供给">信任供給</a>（需要立法機關的支持/批准），因此被融合到立法权中而不是独立的。在<a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%BB%E6%AC%8A" title="議會主權">議會主權</a>中，行政機關的權力和組織完全取決於立法機關授予它的權力，行政機關的行為可能會或可能不會受到司法審查，而司法審查也受到立法機關的控制。在立法機關是主權的系統中，行政部門也可能擁有立法或司法權力，這通常是為什麼行政部門被稱為政府，因為它通常擁有非行政權力。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="不同制度下的行政机构"><span id=".E4.B8.8D.E5.90.8C.E5.88.B6.E5.BA.A6.E4.B8.8B.E7.9A.84.E8.A1.8C.E6.94.BF.E6.9C.BA.E6.9E.84"></span>不同制度下的行政机构</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B3&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：不同制度下的行政机构"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在原始社會時期，行政權通常掌握在部落<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%8B%E9%95%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="酋長">酋長</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%AD%E5%8F%B8" title="祭司">祭司</a>手裡<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>从有<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" title="国家">国家</a>出现以后，行政权都是掌握在<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="政府">政府</a>手里，政府是国家机器中最早出现的机构。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA" title="中世纪">中世纪</a>，政府的首長一般都是國教的權威。<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="基督教">基督教</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="伊斯蘭教">伊斯蘭教</a>國家政府的首長都是<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="大主教">大主教</a>；<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教">佛教</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%95%99" title="印度教">印度教</a>國家宗教領袖通常只控制<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="立法">立法</a>權，政府首長由<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8D%E9%9A%8A" title="軍隊">軍隊</a>領袖擔任；<a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E5%AE%B6" title="儒家">儒家</a>文化區域的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="國家">國家</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB" title="君主">君主</a>掌握<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="立法">立法</a>權，政府首長由大儒擔任。 </p><p>現代國家體制不同，政府的體制也不同，但職責基本相同。在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%AC%8A%E5%88%86%E7%AB%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="三權分立">三權分立</a>的國家，<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="行政">行政</a>權和<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="立法">立法</a>權、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="司法">司法</a>權各自獨立行使，互相制衡。<sup id="cite_ref-孙关宏_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-孙关宏-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="總統制">總統制</a>的國家中，如：<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5" title="墨西哥">墨西哥</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%A0%B9%E5%BB%B7" title="阿根廷">阿根廷</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF" title="巴西">巴西</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="韓國">韓國</a>，政府首長就是<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%83%E9%A6%96" title="國家元首">國家元首</a>，通常稱為<a href="/wiki/%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1" title="總統">總統</a>，並且是單獨選舉。其他政府成員由總統任命。總統是唯一對國家所有行政事務負責的行政官員，各部的<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7" title="部長">部長</a>負責各自的部門，并對總統負責。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="半總統制">半總統制</a>下，又稱為雙首長制，總統擁有最高的行政權力，總統任命<a href="/wiki/%E7%B8%BD%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="總理">總理</a>，內閣成員由總理提名，並由總統任命，總理及內閣向<a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="議會">議會</a>負責。例如：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="俄羅斯">俄羅斯</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="中華民國">中華民國</a>。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83%E5%88%B6" title="議會制">議會制</a>及部分<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E7%AB%8B%E6%86%B2%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="君主立憲制">君主立憲制</a>的國家中，國家元首是禮儀性的，稱之為<a href="/wiki/%E8%99%9A%E4%BD%8D%E5%85%83%E9%A6%96" title="虚位元首">虚位元首</a>，如：<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="德國">德國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" title="意大利">意大利</a>的總統，<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="澳大利亞">澳大利亞</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7" title="加拿大">加拿大</a>等國的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B8%BD%E7%9D%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="總督">總督</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" class="mw-redirect" title="日本天皇">天皇</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="英國">英國</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="英國君主">女王</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="马来西亚">马来西亚</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E5%85%83%E9%A6%96" class="mw-redirect" title="最高元首">最高元首</a>。政府首長是總理或稱<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E7%9B%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="首相">首相</a>，一般由議會選舉中獲勝的最大黨黨魁擔任，或经由<a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%B0%E5%93%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="議員">議员</a>選舉產生，首相不一定是最大黨黨魁，也有由國家元首直接任命。首長領導<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E9%96%A3" title="內閣">內閣</a>決定並執行國家政策，集體對<a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="議會">議會</a>負責。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="社會主義國家">社會主義國家</a>中，行政機構為國家權力機構的執行單位，不過實際操作中執行的是國內唯一<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%B7%E6%94%BF%E9%BB%A8" title="執政黨">執政黨</a>的決策，例如：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="中華人民共和國">中華人民共和國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國">朝鮮民主主義人民共和國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97" title="越南">越南</a>等。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83%E5%88%B6" title="委員會制">委員會制</a>國家中，最高行政機構的成員由<a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="議會">議會</a>選舉產生。大部分的重要決策由委員們共同作出，政府首長只不過是一個行動委員會的主席，例如：<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83" title="瑞士聯邦委員會">瑞士聯邦委員會</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="结构"><span id=".E7.BB.93.E6.9E.84"></span>结构</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B3&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：结构"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>任何国家的行政结构都呈金字塔型，层级关系严格，上级领导下级，下级必须严格执行上级的命令。这种结构有效率，理性，但是也会因为机构庞杂而造成机械僵化的问题。 </p><p>一个国家的行政机构大体上可以分为<sup id="cite_ref-孙关宏_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-孙关宏-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>： </p> <ol><li>领导机构：即各行政部门的首脑和核心，主要职责是对辖下的重大行政问题进行决策，并指挥与监督决策的实施，也对辖下的工作进行协调。</li> <li>办公机构：领导机构的辅助办事机构，主要职责包括日常办公室事务，协调工作，辅助决策以及领导机构临时交办的工作或特别事务，例如各种<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%9E%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="办公室">办公室</a></li> <li>咨询机构：也就是<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%BA%E5%9B%8A%E5%9B%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="智囊团">智囊团</a>或参谋机构，通过调查研究、政策协调等方式，对领导机构的决策进行辅助。</li> <li>信息机构：负责信息情报的收集整理，为领导机构提供信息服务，常见的部门有统计局、情报部门、档案室、资料室等</li> <li>职能机构：在领导机构领导下，负责组织一个或多个专门的行政事务，例如一个<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%A8" title="部">部</a>下的各个<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%80" class="mw-disambig" title="局">局</a>。</li> <li>派出机构：是某一级政府根据辖区授权委托，代表政府的分支机构。例如中国的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%85%AC%E7%BD%B2" title="行政公署">行政公署</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%BF%E8%BE%96%E5%8C%BA_(%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD)" title="县辖区 (中华人民共和国)">区公所</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%97%E9%81%93%E5%8A%9E%E4%BA%8B%E5%A4%84" title="街道办事处">街道办事处</a>。主要职责包括监督检查下级行政机构执行上级行政机构的命令、决策，并向委派机构报告辖区内的情况等。</li> <li>监督机构：各种行政监察机构，审计机构，负责对各行政机构及其人员进行执法性监督和检查。</li></ol> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%83%E9%A6%96" title="國家元首">國家元首</a>——通常是<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB" title="君主">君主</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1" title="總統">總統</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E9%A0%98%E8%A2%96" class="mw-redirect" title="最高領袖">最高領袖</a>、主要的公共代表和民族团结的活生生的象征。 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E9%A6%96%E8%85%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="政府首腦">政府首腦</a>——通常是<a href="/wiki/%E7%B8%BD%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="總理">總理</a>，監督所有國家事務的管理者。 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%98%B2%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="國防部長">國防部長</a>——監督<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E8%A3%9D%E9%83%A8%E9%9A%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="武裝部隊">武裝部隊</a>、確定軍事政策和管理外部安全。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E6%94%BF%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="內政部長">內政部長</a>——監督<a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%A6%E5%AF%9F" title="警察">警察部隊</a>、執法和管理內部控制。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E9%83%A8%E9%95%BF" title="外交部长">外交部長</a>——監督<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E4%BA%8B%E5%8B%99" class="mw-redirect" title="外交事務">外交事務</a>、確定<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96" title="外交政策">外交政策</a>和管理<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82" class="mw-redirect" title="外交關係">外交關係</a>。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A2%E6%94%BF%E9%83%A8%E9%95%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="财政部长">財政部長</a>——監督國庫、確定<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A1%E6%94%BF%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96" class="mw-redirect" title="財政政策">財政政策</a>和管理<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E9%A2%84%E7%AE%97" title="政府预算">政府預算</a>。</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="司法部長" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Justice minister"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="司法部長（页面不存在）">司法部長</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justice_minister" class="extiw" title="en:Justice minister"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Justice minister</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>——監督刑事訴訟、更正、法院命令的執行。</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="职能"><span id=".E8.81.8C.E8.83.BD"></span>职能</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B3&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：职能"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>行政机构的功能就是执行国家意志。包括宪法和法律的执行，并参与国家立法；对国家内外政策进行决策和实施，任免政府官员；管理国家公共事务；向立法机构提出预算，干预和调整社会经济<sup id="cite_ref-孙关宏_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-孙关宏-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>一般而言，政府行政部門和普通公民的接觸和掌握的資源都最多、對公民的生活影響也最大，因此<a href="/wiki/%E6%86%B2%E6%94%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="憲政">憲政</a>和分權的主要目的就是要限制和制衡行政部門的權力。但是在实际层面上，行政机构往往具有一定的自由裁量权，而不仅仅是执行。取决于政治制度的不同，有些国家的行政机构拥有难以监控的强大权力，甚至在一些国家，行政机构几乎就是国家的决策中心。在不少国家，行政机构已经成为了事实上的主要立法者。许多议案都是由行政机构起草，然后交由议会通过。在经济社会领域，行政机构可以单独发布和正式立法相同作用的各种规则，以影响公民的社会生活<sup id="cite_ref-孙关宏_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-孙关宏-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>虽然行政机构的权力在不断扩大，但是对其制约的机制也在不断完善。立法机构通过专业化和委员会方式，司法机构通过监督方式都在规制行政机构的权力<sup id="cite_ref-孙关宏_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-孙关宏-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。技术的进步，互联网的发展在使公民能够更多的影响社会的同时，也在制约着行政力量<sup id="cite_ref-布莱克维尔_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-布莱克维尔-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B3&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-孙关宏-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-孙关宏_1-0"><sup><b>1.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-孙关宏_1-1"><sup><b>1.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-孙关宏_1-2"><sup><b>1.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-孙关宏_1-3"><sup><b>1.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-孙关宏_1-4"><sup><b>1.4</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-孙关宏_1-5"><sup><b>1.5</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">孙关宏. 政治学概论. 复旦大学出版社. 2003: 180–188. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/7309036611" title="Special:网络书源/7309036611"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 7309036611</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B3&rft.au=%E5%AD%99%E5%85%B3%E5%AE%8F&rft.btitle=%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%AD%A6%E6%A6%82%E8%AE%BA&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=7309036611&rft.pages=180-188&rft.pub=%E5%A4%8D%E6%97%A6%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-布莱克维尔-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-布莱克维尔_2-0"><sup><b>2.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-布莱克维尔_2-1"><sup><b>2.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">布莱克维尔政治学百科全书. 中国政法大学出版社. 1992: 242–243.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B3&rft.btitle=%E5%B8%83%E8%8E%B1%E5%85%8B%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%AD%A6%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6&rft.date=1992&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=242-243&rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E6%B3%95%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">路易斯·亨利·摩尔根. 古代社会. 中央编译出版社. 2007. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787802113619" title="Special:网络书源/9787802113619"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9787802113619</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B3&rft.au=%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94%E6%A0%B9&rft.btitle=%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9787802113619&rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E7%BC%96%E8%AF%91%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參見"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.A6.8B"></span>參見</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B3&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：參見"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright" style="margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px"> <ul style="display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:var(--background-color-base,#f9f9f9);font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-weight:bold"> <li style="display:table-row"><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/42px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/56px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span></span><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="Portal:政治">政治主题</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%AC%8A%E5%88%86%E7%AB%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="三權分立">三權分立</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="行政">行政</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%9C%BA%E6%9E%84" class="mw-redirect" title="行政机构">行政機構</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="立法">立法</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E6%A9%9F%E6%A7%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="立法機構">立法機構</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="司法">司法</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E6%A9%9F%E6%A7%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="司法機構">司法機構</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%AC%8A%E5%88%86%E7%AB%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="五權分立">五權分立</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="行政">行政</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%9C%BA%E6%9E%84" class="mw-redirect" title="行政机构">行政機構</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="立法">立法</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E6%A9%9F%E6%A7%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="立法機構">立法機構</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="司法">司法</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E6%A9%9F%E6%A7%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="司法機構">司法機構</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="考試">考試</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6%E9%99%A2" title="考試院">考試機構</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A3%E5%AF%9F" class="mw-disambig" title="監察">監察</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A3%E5%AF%9F%E9%99%A2" title="監察院">監察機構</a></li></ul></li> <li>与行政现象相关的学问包含<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="行政学">行政学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%B3%95%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="行政法学">行政法学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="政治学">政治学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E8%90%A5%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="经营学">经营学</a>等。</li></ul> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf;position:relative}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="權力分立" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%AC%8A%E5%8A%9B%E5%88%86%E7%AB%8B" title="Template:權力分立"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E6%AC%8A%E5%8A%9B%E5%88%86%E7%AB%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:權力分立（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%AC%8A%E5%8A%9B%E5%88%86%E7%AB%8B" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:權力分立"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="權力分立" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%8A%E5%8A%9B%E5%88%86%E7%AB%8B" title="權力分立">權力分立</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">典型分支機構</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">行政機構</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E4%B8%BB%E5%B0%8E" title="行政主導">行政主導</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B3" title="立法机关">立法機構</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E9%99%A2%E5%88%B6" title="多院制">多院制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%BB%E6%AC%8A" title="議會主權">議會主權</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%95%8F%E5%88%B6" title="西敏制">西敏制</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%AE%E8%A1%8C%E5%90%88%E4%B8%80" title="议行合一">议行合一</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E6%A9%9F%E9%97%9C" title="司法機關">司法機構</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E7%8D%A8%E7%AB%8B" title="司法獨立">司法獨立</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E8%A6%86%E6%A0%B8" title="司法覆核">司法覆核</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">非典型分支機構</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%93%E6%95%98" title="銓敘">銓敘机关</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="政府績效监督" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Government performance auditing"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E7%B8%BE%E6%95%88%E7%9B%91%E7%9D%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="政府績效监督（页面不存在）">政府績效监督</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_performance_auditing" class="extiw" title="en:Government performance auditing"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Government performance auditing</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E8%85%90%E8%B4%A5%E6%9C%BA%E6%9E%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反腐败机构（页面不存在）">监察机关（反腐败机构）</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%90%84%E7%BA%A7%E7%9B%91%E5%AF%9F%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="中华人民共和国各级监察委员会">监察委员会</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83" title="選舉委員會">选举管理机关</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%8F%B8" title="律政司">律政司</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">各國的權力分立</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%AC%8A%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95" title="五權憲法">五權分立</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="澳洲權力分立" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Separation of powers in Australia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BE%B3%E6%B4%B2%E6%AC%8A%E5%8A%9B%E5%88%86%E7%AB%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="澳洲權力分立（页面不存在）">澳洲權力分立</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_of_powers_in_Australia" class="extiw" title="en:Separation of powers in Australia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Separation of powers in Australia</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%89%E6%AC%8A%E5%88%86%E7%AB%8B" title="香港的三權分立">香港的三權分立</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="英國權力分立" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Separation of powers in the United Kingdom"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E6%AC%8A%E5%8A%9B%E5%88%86%E7%AB%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="英國權力分立（页面不存在）">英國權力分立</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_of_powers_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="extiw" title="en:Separation of powers in the United Kingdom"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Separation of powers in the United Kingdom</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E6%AC%8A%E5%8A%9B%E5%88%86%E7%AB%8B" title="美國憲法中的權力分立">美國憲法中的權力分立</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="新加坡權力分立" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Separation of powers in Singapore"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1%E6%AC%8A%E5%8A%9B%E5%88%86%E7%AB%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新加坡權力分立（页面不存在）">新加坡權力分立</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_of_powers_in_Singapore" class="extiw" title="en:Separation of powers in Singapore"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Separation of powers in Singapore</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">參見</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Separation of duties" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Separation of duties"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Separation_of_duties&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Separation of duties（页面不存在）">Separation of duties</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_of_duties" class="extiw" title="en:Separation of duties"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Separation of duties</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Dual mandate" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dual mandate"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dual_mandate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dual mandate（页面不存在）">Dual mandate</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual_mandate" class="extiw" title="en:Dual mandate"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dual mandate</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35798#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35798#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35798#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">各地</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX4576310">西班牙</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4131719-1">德国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007562829505171">以色列</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85046286">美国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="výkonná moc"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph127436&CON_LNG=ENG">捷克</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KSH1998008672">韩国</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=33978">现代乌克兰百科全书</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=行政机关&oldid=85499419">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=行政机关&oldid=85499419</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分类</a>：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E6%9C%BA%E6%9E%84%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B" title="Category:政府机构类型">政府机构类型</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%9C%BA%E6%9E%84" title="Category:行政机构">行政机构</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">隐藏分类：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABBNE%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含BNE标识符的维基百科条目">包含BNE标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABGND%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含GND标识符的维基百科条目">包含GND标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABJ9U%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含J9U标识符的维基百科条目">包含J9U标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABLCCN%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含LCCN标识符的维基百科条目">包含LCCN标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABNKC%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含NKC标识符的维基百科条目">包含NKC标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABNLK%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含NLK标识符的维基百科条目">包含NLK标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABEMU%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含EMU标识符的维基百科条目">包含EMU标识符的维基百科条目</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> 本页面最后修订于2024年12月31日 (星期二) 03:30。</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">本站的全部文字在<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CC_BY-SA_4.0%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC" title="Wikipedia:CC BY-SA 4.0协议文本">知识共享署名-相同方式共享 4.0协议</a>之条款下提供，附加条款亦可能应用。（请参阅<a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">使用条款</a>）<br /> Wikipedia®和维基百科标志是<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/zh">维基媒体基金会</a>的注册商标；维基™是维基媒体基金会的商标。<br /> 维基媒体基金会是按美国国內稅收法501(c)(3)登记的<a class="external text" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tax_deductibility">非营利慈善机构</a>。<br /></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">隐私政策</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E">关于维基百科</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%8D%E8%B4%A3%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E">免责声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">行为准则</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">开发者</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/zh.wikipedia.org">统计</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B3&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">手机版视图</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>搜索</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="搜索维基百科"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:搜索"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">搜索</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">行政机关</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>94种语言</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>添加话题</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-vl8v5","wgBackendResponseTime":188,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.315","walltime":"0.442","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1139,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":65020,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1506,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":13,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":7,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":27438,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 369.379 1 -total"," 42.46% 156.845 1 Template:Politics"," 41.50% 153.293 1 Template:Sidebar_with_collapsible_lists"," 19.37% 71.566 1 Template:Authority_control"," 16.92% 62.506 1 Template:Separation_of_powers"," 16.18% 59.771 1 Template:Navbox"," 13.13% 48.498 7 Template:Le"," 12.38% 45.745 1 Template:Reflist"," 10.41% 38.461 2 Template:Cite_book_zh"," 8.68% 32.064 5 Template:Link-en"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.210","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":4094401,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-56d8db5f6f-gmknw","timestamp":"20250213064513","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173","url":"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B3","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q35798","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q35798","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u9879\u76ee\u8d21\u732e\u8005"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-05-12T08:37:17Z","dateModified":"2024-12-31T03:30:45Z","headline":"\u5c0d\u570b\u5bb6\u65e5\u5e38\u7ba1\u7406\u6709\u5168\u6b0a\u548c\u8cac\u4efb\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u9580"}</script> </body> </html>