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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">15,714 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29665009" data-work_id="29665009" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29665009/_Frederick_Prince_of_Wales_the_Court_of_Leicester_House_and_the_Patriot_Opposition_to_Walpole_c_1733_1742_">"Frederick, Prince of Wales, the ‘Court’ of Leicester House and the ‘Patriot’ Opposition to Walpole, c.1733–1742"</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The character and reputation of Frederick, prince of Wales, have long divided historians. His apparently piecemeal efforts at opposition have been dismissed as lacking in focus, while his mercurial character and early demise have left him... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29665009" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The character and reputation of Frederick, prince of Wales, have long divided historians. His apparently piecemeal efforts at opposition have been dismissed as lacking in focus, while his mercurial character and early demise have left him difficult to assess. The aim of this article is to attempt once more to reappraise the Prince both as a man at the head of a specific political interest but also more broadly as the symbolic figurehead of a wider patriot movement within society. Through analysis of the contemporary press, and of some of the key members of the Prince's own household, this essay will argue that Prince Frederick was more than just a figurehead for the patriots, if impeded by circumstances and occasionally distracted by his own protean tendencies.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29665009" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a9ed8c3bae1e5b9fd5c99d3c8cab6cc2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50497033,"asset_id":29665009,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50497033/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwMjA1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="19314726" href="https://histparl.academia.edu/RobinEagles">Robin Eagles</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="19314726" type="text/json">{"id":19314726,"first_name":"Robin","last_name":"Eagles","domain_name":"histparl","page_name":"RobinEagles","display_name":"Robin Eagles","profile_url":"https://histparl.academia.edu/RobinEagles?f_ri=7721","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29665009 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29665009"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29665009, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29665009", }); 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His apparently piecemeal efforts at opposition have been dismissed as lacking in focus, while his mercurial character and early demise have left him difficult to assess. The aim of this article is to attempt once more to reappraise the Prince both as a man at the head of a specific political interest but also more broadly as the symbolic figurehead of a wider patriot movement within society. Through analysis of the contemporary press, and of some of the key members of the Prince's own household, this essay will argue that Prince Frederick was more than just a figurehead for the patriots, if impeded by circumstances and occasionally distracted by his own protean tendencies.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50497033,"asset_id":29665009,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":19314726,"first_name":"Robin","last_name":"Eagles","domain_name":"histparl","page_name":"RobinEagles","display_name":"Robin Eagles","profile_url":"https://histparl.academia.edu/RobinEagles?f_ri=7721","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5231,"name":"Eighteenth Century History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":7721,"name":"Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":25172,"name":"Courts and Elites (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Courts_and_Elites_History_?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":27831,"name":"18th Century","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/18th_Century?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5770778" data-work_id="5770778" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5770778/_All_Truly_Acquainted_with_the_History_of_Those_Times_John_Adams_and_the_Opposition_Politics_of_Revolutionary_England_ca_1640_41">"All Truly Acquainted with the History of Those Times": John Adams and the Opposition Politics of Revolutionary England, ca. 1640-41</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5770778" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="856a51c41f2c1313e945aad1764acdff" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32794938,"asset_id":5770778,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" 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orihel","profile_url":"https://suu.academia.edu/michelleorihel?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8219317/3116413/3668666/s65_michelle.orihel.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5770778 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5770778"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5770778, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5770778", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_5770778 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5770778; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = 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style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5770778"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="135" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_History">Intellectual History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="135" type="text/json">{"id":135,"name":"Intellectual History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_History?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="876" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Print_Culture">Print Culture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="876" type="text/json">{"id":876,"name":"Print Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Print_Culture?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1053" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Ideas">History of Ideas</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1053" type="text/json">{"id":1053,"name":"History of Ideas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Ideas?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2340" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Book_History">Book History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2340" type="text/json">{"id":2340,"name":"Book History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Book_History?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5770778]'), work: {"id":5770778,"title":"\"All Truly Acquainted with the History of Those Times\": John Adams and the Opposition Politics of Revolutionary England, ca. 1640-41","created_at":"2014-01-19T11:55:54.214-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5770778/_All_Truly_Acquainted_with_the_History_of_Those_Times_John_Adams_and_the_Opposition_Politics_of_Revolutionary_England_ca_1640_41?f_ri=7721","dom_id":"work_5770778","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32794938,"asset_id":5770778,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8219317,"first_name":"michelle","last_name":"orihel","domain_name":"suu","page_name":"michelleorihel","display_name":"michelle orihel","profile_url":"https://suu.academia.edu/michelleorihel?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8219317/3116413/3668666/s65_michelle.orihel.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":135,"name":"Intellectual History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_History?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":876,"name":"Print Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Print_Culture?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":1053,"name":"History of Ideas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Ideas?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":2340,"name":"Book History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Book_History?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":2935,"name":"Republicanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Republicanism?f_ri=7721"},{"id":5231,"name":"Eighteenth Century History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History?f_ri=7721"},{"id":5431,"name":"Seventeenth Century","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seventeenth_Century?f_ri=7721"},{"id":7721,"name":"Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture?f_ri=7721"},{"id":12624,"name":"History of Political Thought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Thought?f_ri=7721"},{"id":13287,"name":"American Political Thought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Political_Thought?f_ri=7721"},{"id":15573,"name":"American Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Revolution?f_ri=7721"},{"id":27533,"name":"Atlantic history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atlantic_history?f_ri=7721"},{"id":41509,"name":"John Adams","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/John_Adams?f_ri=7721"},{"id":64683,"name":"American Revolutionary ideology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Revolutionary_ideology?f_ri=7721"},{"id":72892,"name":"Eighteenth Century Print Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_Print_Culture?f_ri=7721"},{"id":91136,"name":"Early American History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_American_History?f_ri=7721"},{"id":123135,"name":"The English Civil War and Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_English_Civil_War_and_Revolution?f_ri=7721"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11399017" data-work_id="11399017" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11399017/How_to_Burlesque_a_Burlesquer_Paul_Sandbys_A_New_Dunciad_against_William_Hogarth">How to Burlesque a Burlesquer: Paul Sandby's A New Dunciad against William Hogarth</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This chapter analyses a caricature, produced in 1753 by the watercolourist Paul Sandby entitled Burlesque sur le Burlesque. This caricature attacks the painter William Hogarth, in particular, his recently published aesthetic treatise, The... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11399017" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This chapter analyses a caricature, produced in 1753 by the watercolourist Paul Sandby entitled Burlesque sur le Burlesque. This caricature attacks the painter William Hogarth, in particular, his recently published aesthetic treatise, The Analysis of Beauty, and his stance in the English Academic debates of the 1750s – a series of events in which English artists debated whether or not they should migrate from private artistic academies to publicly funded and hierarchically organised arts academies on the continental model. The chapter explores the way in which Sandby targets his object, and through iconographical analysis, demonstrates how caricature operates visually as a literal puzzle that forefronts certain criticisms, and veils others.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11399017" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b4b9032a6b243bb8f64261a0ad0732f6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44174007,"asset_id":11399017,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44174007/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwMjA1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2756939" href="https://unc.academia.edu/KathrynDesplanque">Kathryn Desplanque</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2756939" type="text/json">{"id":2756939,"first_name":"Kathryn","last_name":"Desplanque","domain_name":"unc","page_name":"KathrynDesplanque","display_name":"Kathryn Desplanque","profile_url":"https://unc.academia.edu/KathrynDesplanque?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2756939/895338/36649262/s65_kathryn.desplanque.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11399017 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11399017"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11399017, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11399017", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_11399017 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11399017; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_11399017"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_11399017 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11399017"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11399017; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11399017]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11399017").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11399017").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11399017"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="872" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Caricature_Visual_Studies_">Caricature (Visual Studies)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="872" type="text/json">{"id":872,"name":"Caricature (Visual Studies)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Caricature_Visual_Studies_?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5231" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History">Eighteenth Century History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5231" type="text/json">{"id":5231,"name":"Eighteenth Century History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7721" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture">Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7721" type="text/json">{"id":7721,"name":"Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17757" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Caricature_Art_">Caricature (Art)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="17757" type="text/json">{"id":17757,"name":"Caricature (Art)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Caricature_Art_?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11399017]'), work: {"id":11399017,"title":"How to Burlesque a Burlesquer: Paul Sandby's A New Dunciad against William Hogarth","created_at":"2015-03-12T15:55:30.622-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11399017/How_to_Burlesque_a_Burlesquer_Paul_Sandbys_A_New_Dunciad_against_William_Hogarth?f_ri=7721","dom_id":"work_11399017","summary":"This chapter analyses a caricature, produced in 1753 by the watercolourist Paul Sandby entitled Burlesque sur le Burlesque. This caricature attacks the painter William Hogarth, in particular, his recently published aesthetic treatise, The Analysis of Beauty, and his stance in the English Academic debates of the 1750s – a series of events in which English artists debated whether or not they should migrate from private artistic academies to publicly funded and hierarchically organised arts academies on the continental model. The chapter explores the way in which Sandby targets his object, and through iconographical analysis, demonstrates how caricature operates visually as a literal puzzle that forefronts certain criticisms, and veils others.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44174007,"asset_id":11399017,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2756939,"first_name":"Kathryn","last_name":"Desplanque","domain_name":"unc","page_name":"KathrynDesplanque","display_name":"Kathryn Desplanque","profile_url":"https://unc.academia.edu/KathrynDesplanque?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2756939/895338/36649262/s65_kathryn.desplanque.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":872,"name":"Caricature (Visual Studies)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Caricature_Visual_Studies_?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":5231,"name":"Eighteenth Century History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":7721,"name":"Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":17757,"name":"Caricature (Art)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Caricature_Art_?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":34517,"name":"Satire \u0026 Irony","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Satire_and_Irony?f_ri=7721"},{"id":66034,"name":"Eighteenth-Century British Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_Art?f_ri=7721"},{"id":278112,"name":"William Hogarth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/William_Hogarth?f_ri=7721"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36384256" data-work_id="36384256" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36384256/The_Homosexual_Subculture">The Homosexual Subculture</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">(The Georgian Underworld: Criminal Subcultures in Eighteenth-Century England; Chapter 16) One of the most interesting subjects in the history of sexuality is the sudden appearance, three hundred years ago, of a well organized gay... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36384256" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">(The Georgian Underworld: Criminal Subcultures in Eighteenth-Century England; Chapter 16) One of the most interesting subjects in the history of sexuality is the sudden appearance, three hundred years ago, of a well organized gay subculture in the city of London. This was patronized by homosexual men who used gay slang, who frequented gay cruising areas, and who engaged in camp or effeminate behaviour amongst themselves. Even from the very beginning of the century, sodomites frequented a network of gay pubs, where they socialized with one another, singing and dancing together, and otherwise behaving in a disorderly fashion. The legal records cover a wide range of circumstantial details beyond sexual activity, and often give us an interesting glimpse into the social life of the sodomite.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36384256" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d33d41be94a9d7c78384f36cf7f9b9cb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56294191,"asset_id":36384256,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56294191/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwMjA1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="216572" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RictorNorton">Rictor Norton</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="216572" type="text/json">{"id":216572,"first_name":"Rictor","last_name":"Norton","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RictorNorton","display_name":"Rictor Norton","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RictorNorton?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/216572/2723532/31963891/s65_rictor.norton.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36384256 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36384256"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36384256, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36384256", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_36384256 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36384256; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_36384256"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_36384256 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36384256"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36384256; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36384256]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36384256").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36384256").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36384256"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="189" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminology">Criminology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="189" type="text/json">{"id":189,"name":"Criminology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminology?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="699" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Queer_Studies">Queer Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="699" type="text/json">{"id":699,"name":"Queer Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Queer_Studies?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4917" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_and_Sexuality">Gender and Sexuality</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4917" type="text/json">{"id":4917,"name":"Gender and Sexuality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_and_Sexuality?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7721" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture">Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7721" type="text/json">{"id":7721,"name":"Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36384256]'), work: {"id":36384256,"title":"The Homosexual Subculture","created_at":"2018-04-11T05:49:17.597-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36384256/The_Homosexual_Subculture?f_ri=7721","dom_id":"work_36384256","summary":"(The Georgian Underworld: Criminal Subcultures in Eighteenth-Century England; Chapter 16) One of the most interesting subjects in the history of sexuality is the sudden appearance, three hundred years ago, of a well organized gay subculture in the city of London. This was patronized by homosexual men who used gay slang, who frequented gay cruising areas, and who engaged in camp or effeminate behaviour amongst themselves. Even from the very beginning of the century, sodomites frequented a network of gay pubs, where they socialized with one another, singing and dancing together, and otherwise behaving in a disorderly fashion. The legal records cover a wide range of circumstantial details beyond sexual activity, and often give us an interesting glimpse into the social life of the sodomite.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56294191,"asset_id":36384256,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":216572,"first_name":"Rictor","last_name":"Norton","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RictorNorton","display_name":"Rictor Norton","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RictorNorton?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/216572/2723532/31963891/s65_rictor.norton.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":189,"name":"Criminology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminology?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":699,"name":"Queer Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Queer_Studies?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":4917,"name":"Gender and Sexuality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_and_Sexuality?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":7721,"name":"Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":22773,"name":"HISTORY OF CRIME AND LAW","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HISTORY_OF_CRIME_AND_LAW?f_ri=7721"},{"id":128448,"name":"History of Crime and Punishment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Crime_and_Punishment?f_ri=7721"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_593169" data-work_id="593169" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/593169/_Work_Poems_Assessing_the_Georgic_Mode_of_Eighteenth_Century_Working_Class_Poetry">"Work" Poems: Assessing the Georgic Mode of Eighteenth-Century Working-Class Poetry.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Eighteenth-century Britain saw the emergence of a new poetic genre, the “work” poem which took various forms of labor as its subject and was often written by laborers themselves. Several of these working class poets found their lives... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_593169" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Eighteenth-century Britain saw the emergence of a new poetic genre, the “work” poem which took various forms of labor as its subject and was often written by laborers themselves. Several of these working class poets found their lives transformed due to the success of their verse (Stephen Duck most famously), but most faded into literary obscurity. However, a substantial body of “work” poems was produced by a diverse group of poets throughout the century, each manifesting divergent concerns and attitudes about the experience of work. This chapter assesses the formal connections uniting this poetic genre, particularly the frequent use of such literary devices as ironic distancing, litotes, and mock-georgic description. Instead of solely classifying “work” poems on the basis of their subject matter, this chapter demonstrates that such poetry (indeed the genre itself) lends itself to sophisticated literary techniques often associated with other poetic genres. In this fashion the full measure of eighteenth-century working class poetry can be evaluated more fairly, particularly by analyzing the formation of a new genre designed expressly by the poets themselves. The chapter ultimately seeks to demonstrate the connectedness, rather than the alienation, of working class poetry to the eighteenth-century British poetic tradition.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/593169" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="eea538e21abc6f590ccf6a4febd8780e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31915171,"asset_id":593169,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31915171/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwMjA1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="134846" href="https://youngstown.academia.edu/CoreyAndrews">Corey Andrews</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="134846" type="text/json">{"id":134846,"first_name":"Corey","last_name":"Andrews","domain_name":"youngstown","page_name":"CoreyAndrews","display_name":"Corey Andrews","profile_url":"https://youngstown.academia.edu/CoreyAndrews?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/134846/35802/50406060/s65_corey_e..andrews.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_593169 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="593169"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 593169, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_593169", }); 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Several of these working class poets found their lives transformed due to the success of their verse (Stephen Duck most famously), but most faded into literary obscurity. However, a substantial body of “work” poems was produced by a diverse group of poets throughout the century, each manifesting divergent concerns and attitudes about the experience of work. This chapter assesses the formal connections uniting this poetic genre, particularly the frequent use of such literary devices as ironic distancing, litotes, and mock-georgic description. Instead of solely classifying “work” poems on the basis of their subject matter, this chapter demonstrates that such poetry (indeed the genre itself) lends itself to sophisticated literary techniques often associated with other poetic genres. In this fashion the full measure of eighteenth-century working class poetry can be evaluated more fairly, particularly by analyzing the formation of a new genre designed expressly by the poets themselves. The chapter ultimately seeks to demonstrate the connectedness, rather than the alienation, of working class poetry to the eighteenth-century British poetic tradition.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31915171,"asset_id":593169,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":134846,"first_name":"Corey","last_name":"Andrews","domain_name":"youngstown","page_name":"CoreyAndrews","display_name":"Corey Andrews","profile_url":"https://youngstown.academia.edu/CoreyAndrews?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/134846/35802/50406060/s65_corey_e..andrews.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8,"name":"Critical Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":15,"name":"British Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_Literature?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":18,"name":"Scottish Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scottish_Literature?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":885,"name":"English Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/English_Literature?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":938,"name":"Critical Discourse Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Discourse_Studies?f_ri=7721"},{"id":997,"name":"Reception Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reception_Studies?f_ri=7721"},{"id":1235,"name":"Sociology of Work","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Work?f_ri=7721"},{"id":2206,"name":"Genre studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genre_studies?f_ri=7721"},{"id":2368,"name":"Reception Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reception_Theory?f_ri=7721"},{"id":2396,"name":"Eighteenth-Century literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_literature?f_ri=7721"},{"id":2418,"name":"Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literature?f_ri=7721"},{"id":2824,"name":"Working Classes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Working_Classes?f_ri=7721"},{"id":3002,"name":"18th Century Scottish Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/18th_Century_Scottish_Literature?f_ri=7721"},{"id":3125,"name":"Genre","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genre?f_ri=7721"},{"id":3581,"name":"Poetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poetry?f_ri=7721"},{"id":3773,"name":"Literary Criticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literary_Criticism?f_ri=7721"},{"id":5176,"name":"Labour history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Labour_history?f_ri=7721"},{"id":5231,"name":"Eighteenth Century History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History?f_ri=7721"},{"id":5305,"name":"Scottish Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scottish_Studies?f_ri=7721"},{"id":5583,"name":"Audience and Reception Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Audience_and_Reception_Studies?f_ri=7721"},{"id":5634,"name":"Scottish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scottish_History?f_ri=7721"},{"id":6223,"name":"English","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/English?f_ri=7721"},{"id":6723,"name":"Formal Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Formal_Theory?f_ri=7721"},{"id":6922,"name":"Poetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poetics?f_ri=7721"},{"id":7193,"name":"Working Class Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Working_Class_Consciousness?f_ri=7721"},{"id":7194,"name":"E. P. Thompson and 'The Making of the English Working Class'","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/E._P._Thompson_and_The_Making_of_the_English_Working_Class?f_ri=7721"},{"id":7200,"name":"Working-Class Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Working-Class_Literature?f_ri=7721"},{"id":7251,"name":"Working Class Agency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Working_Class_Agency?f_ri=7721"},{"id":7283,"name":"Reception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reception?f_ri=7721"},{"id":7720,"name":"British Eighteenth-Century Literature and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_Eighteenth-Century_Literature_and_Culture?f_ri=7721"},{"id":7721,"name":"Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture?f_ri=7721"},{"id":8083,"name":"Scottish Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scottish_Culture?f_ri=7721"},{"id":8166,"name":"Quality 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data-work_id="15173780" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15173780/The_Wesleyan_Trilateral_Prevenient_Grace_Catholic_Spirit_and_Religious_Tolerance">The Wesleyan Trilateral: Prevenient Grace, Catholic Spirit, and Religious Tolerance</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">John Wesley's concept of prevenient grace contributes to his 'catholic spirit,' and his openness to God's activity in the lives of people who practice Islam and Judaism, paving the way for interreligious dialogue.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15173780" 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prevenient grace contributes to his 'catholic spirit,' and his openness to God's activity in the lives of people who practice Islam and Judaism, paving the way for interreligious dialogue.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40901826,"asset_id":15173780,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34222963,"first_name":"Kelly Diehl","last_name":"Yates","domain_name":"indwes","page_name":"KellyDiehlYates","display_name":"Kelly Diehl Yates","profile_url":"https://indwes.academia.edu/KellyDiehlYates?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/34222963/10033954/15769161/s65_kelly.yates.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7721,"name":"Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":9833,"name":"Interfaith 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href="https://www.academia.edu/20346640/The_Architects_of_Eighteenth_Century_English_Freemasonry_1720_1740">The Architects of Eighteenth Century English Freemasonry, 1720 – 1740</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Following the appointment of its first aristocratic Grand Masters in the 1720s and in the wake of its connections to the scientific Enlightenment, ‘Free and Accepted’ Masonry rapidly became part of Britain’s national profile and the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_20346640" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Following the appointment of its first aristocratic Grand Masters in the 1720s and in the wake of its connections to the scientific Enlightenment, ‘Free and Accepted’ Masonry rapidly became part of Britain’s national profile and the largest and arguably the most influential of Britain’s extensive clubs and societies. The new organisation did not evolve naturally from the mediaeval guilds and religious orders that pre-dated it, but was reconfigured radically by a largely self-appointed inner core.  Freemasonry became a vehicle for the expression and transmission of the political and religious views of those at its centre and for the scientific Enlightenment concepts that they championed.  It also offered a channel through which many sought to realise personal aspirations - social, intellectual and financial.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20346640" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9ab4600ac5f04331300abb1a8bf8e62d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41302647,"asset_id":20346640,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41302647/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwMjA1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="25230043" href="https://oxfordbrookes.academia.edu/RICHARDBERMAN">RICHARD (RIC) BERMAN</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="25230043" type="text/json">{"id":25230043,"first_name":"RICHARD (RIC)","last_name":"BERMAN","domain_name":"oxfordbrookes","page_name":"RICHARDBERMAN","display_name":"RICHARD (RIC) BERMAN","profile_url":"https://oxfordbrookes.academia.edu/RICHARDBERMAN?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25230043/18274785/18246176/s65_ric.berman.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_20346640 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="20346640"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 20346640, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_20346640", }); 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The new organisation did not evolve naturally from the mediaeval guilds and religious orders that pre-dated it, but was reconfigured radically by a largely self-appointed inner core. Freemasonry became a vehicle for the expression and transmission of the political and religious views of those at its centre and for the scientific Enlightenment concepts that they championed. It also offered a channel through which many sought to realise personal aspirations - social, intellectual and financial.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41302647,"asset_id":20346640,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":25230043,"first_name":"RICHARD (RIC)","last_name":"BERMAN","domain_name":"oxfordbrookes","page_name":"RICHARDBERMAN","display_name":"RICHARD (RIC) BERMAN","profile_url":"https://oxfordbrookes.academia.edu/RICHARDBERMAN?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25230043/18274785/18246176/s65_ric.berman.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":129,"name":"American History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_History?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":7721,"name":"Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":10576,"name":"History of Sociability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Sociability?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":23117,"name":"British and Irish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_and_Irish_History?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40601710 coauthored" data-work_id="40601710" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40601710/Freedom_of_Speech_1500_1850_eds_Robert_G_Ingram_Jason_Peacey_and_Alex_W_Barber_Manchester_Manchester_University_Press_2020_">Freedom of Speech, 1500-1850, eds. Robert G. Ingram, Jason Peacey and Alex W. Barber (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2020).</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This collection brings together historians, political theorists and literary scholars to provide historical perspectives on the modern debate over freedom of speech, particularly the question of whether limitations might be necessary... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40601710" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This collection brings together historians, political theorists and literary scholars to provide historical perspectives on the modern debate over freedom of speech, particularly the question of whether limitations might be necessary given religious pluralism and concerns about hate speech. It integrates religion into the history of free speech and rethinks what is sometimes regarded as a coherent tradition of more or less absolutist justifications for free expression. Contributors examine the aims and effectiveness of government policies, the sometimes contingent ways in which freedom of speech became a reality and a wide range of canonical and non-canonical texts in which contemporaries outlined their ideas and ideals. Overall, the book argues that while the period from 1500 to 1850 witnessed considerable change in terms of both ideas and practices, these were more or less distinct from those that characterise modern debates. <br /> <br /> <br />CONTENTS <br />1 Freedom of speech in England and the Anglophone world, 1500-1850 - Jason Peacey, Robert G. Ingram and Alex W. Barber <br />2 Thomas Elyot on counsel, kairos and freeing speech in Tudor England - Joanne Paul <br />3 Pearls before swine: limiting godly speech in early seventeenth-century England - Karl Gunther <br />4 'Free speech' in Elizabethan and early Stuart England - Peter Lake <br />5 The origins of the concept of freedom of the press - David Como <br />6 Swift and free speech - David Womersley <br />7 Defending the truth: arguments for free speech and their limits in early eighteenth-century Britain and France - Ann Thomson <br />8 'The warr. against heaven by blasphemors and infidels': prosecuting heresy in Enlightenment England - Robert G. Ingram and Alex W. Barber <br />9 David Hume and 'Of the Liberty of the Press' (1741) in its original contexts - Max Skjönsberg <br />10 The argument for the freedom of speech and press during the ratification of the U.S. Constitution, 1787-8 - Patrick Peel <br />11 Before - and beyond - On Liberty: Samuel Bailey and the nineteenth-century theory of free speech - Greg Conti <br />12 Unfree, unequal, unempirical: press freedom, British India and Mill's theory of the public - Christopher Barker <br />Index</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40601710" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2f517534e0ba774b53b4d034b1fb79d8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60880538,"asset_id":40601710,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60880538/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwMjA1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33329" href="https://florida.academia.edu/RobertIngram">Robert G Ingram</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33329" type="text/json">{"id":33329,"first_name":"Robert","last_name":"Ingram","domain_name":"florida","page_name":"RobertIngram","display_name":"Robert G Ingram","profile_url":"https://florida.academia.edu/RobertIngram?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33329/10834/20868175/s65_robert.ingram.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-40601710">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-40601710"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/AlexBarber">Alex Barber</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-40601710'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-40601710').html(); 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Robert G. Ingram, Jason Peacey and Alex W. Barber (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2020).","created_at":"2019-10-12T10:08:57.113-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/40601710/Freedom_of_Speech_1500_1850_eds_Robert_G_Ingram_Jason_Peacey_and_Alex_W_Barber_Manchester_Manchester_University_Press_2020_?f_ri=7721","dom_id":"work_40601710","summary":"This collection brings together historians, political theorists and literary scholars to provide historical perspectives on the modern debate over freedom of speech, particularly the question of whether limitations might be necessary given religious pluralism and concerns about hate speech. It integrates religion into the history of free speech and rethinks what is sometimes regarded as a coherent tradition of more or less absolutist justifications for free expression. Contributors examine the aims and effectiveness of government policies, the sometimes contingent ways in which freedom of speech became a reality and a wide range of canonical and non-canonical texts in which contemporaries outlined their ideas and ideals. Overall, the book argues that while the period from 1500 to 1850 witnessed considerable change in terms of both ideas and practices, these were more or less distinct from those that characterise modern debates.\r\n\r\n\r\nCONTENTS\r\n1 Freedom of speech in England and the Anglophone world, 1500-1850 - Jason Peacey, Robert G. Ingram and Alex W. Barber\r\n2 Thomas Elyot on counsel, kairos and freeing speech in Tudor England - Joanne Paul\r\n3 Pearls before swine: limiting godly speech in early seventeenth-century England - Karl Gunther\r\n4 'Free speech' in Elizabethan and early Stuart England - Peter Lake\r\n5 The origins of the concept of freedom of the press - David Como\r\n6 Swift and free speech - David Womersley\r\n7 Defending the truth: arguments for free speech and their limits in early eighteenth-century Britain and France - Ann Thomson\r\n8 'The warr. against heaven by blasphemors and infidels': prosecuting heresy in Enlightenment England - Robert G. Ingram and Alex W. Barber\r\n9 David Hume and 'Of the Liberty of the Press' (1741) in its original contexts - Max Skjönsberg\r\n10 The argument for the freedom of speech and press during the ratification of the U.S. Constitution, 1787-8 - Patrick Peel\r\n11 Before - and beyond - On Liberty: Samuel Bailey and the nineteenth-century theory of free speech - Greg Conti\r\n12 Unfree, unequal, unempirical: press freedom, British India and Mill's theory of the public - Christopher Barker\r\nIndex","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60880538,"asset_id":40601710,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33329,"first_name":"Robert","last_name":"Ingram","domain_name":"florida","page_name":"RobertIngram","display_name":"Robert G 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})();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_430391" data-work_id="430391" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/430391/Ae_Fond_Kiss">Ae Fond Kiss.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">This short essay provides contextual background on Robert Burns's lyric, "Ae Fond Kiss," as well as critical analysis of the song.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/430391" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i 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class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40670439/The_Presence_of_the_Book">The Presence of the Book</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Distortion is the moment at which the physical means of transmitting a text irrupt into a reader's experience of it. I will discuss distortion here as a phenomenon occurring in printed materials, but I do not wish to exclude other... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40670439" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Distortion is the moment at which the physical means of transmitting a text irrupt into a reader's experience of it. I will discuss distortion here as a phenomenon occurring in printed materials, but I do not wish to exclude other recognisable instances such as static in a radio signal, or white noise on a cathode-ray-tube television screen. To speak of distortion as an impairment, however, is to confirm the Platonic priority of another book-object. As textual scholars have shown, locating this authoritative ur-text can be, to say the least, difficult. Distortion is not a condition befalling individual textual artefacts (‘book-objects’) here and there: there is no non-distorted reading. In fact, a belief in non-distorted reading amounts to believing in pure, transparent mediation that leaves no trace of itself on the mediated. Leaving aside for the purposes of this essay the profound political implications of placing the labour of mediation under erasure, I will offer here a heuristic of distortion. Absent such a heuristic, ‘distorted’ book-objects and their texts will always be treated as degraded derivatives. The corollary of that treatment is to elevate an unknown, possibly non-existent ur-text to a position of unimpeachable authority, and to degrade both the experience of reading and of the embodied text and reader. We can solve the problem of distortion by placing the irreducible phenomenological singularity of the book-object at the centre of our experience of a text. This is existential reading: you are reading what you are reading and not anything else.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40670439" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="378bcbfc34d254ab0903872231a2fe2b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60953408,"asset_id":40670439,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60953408/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwMjA1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="79236" href="https://durham.academia.edu/ClaudeWillan">Claude Willan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="79236" type="text/json">{"id":79236,"first_name":"Claude","last_name":"Willan","domain_name":"durham","page_name":"ClaudeWillan","display_name":"Claude Willan","profile_url":"https://durham.academia.edu/ClaudeWillan?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/79236/2550130/36834019/s65_claude.willan.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40670439 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40670439"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40670439, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40670439", }); 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I will discuss distortion here as a phenomenon occurring in printed materials, but I do not wish to exclude other recognisable instances such as static in a radio signal, or white noise on a cathode-ray-tube television screen. To speak of distortion as an impairment, however, is to confirm the Platonic priority of another book-object. As textual scholars have shown, locating this authoritative ur-text can be, to say the least, difficult. Distortion is not a condition befalling individual textual artefacts (‘book-objects’) here and there: there is no non-distorted reading. In fact, a belief in non-distorted reading amounts to believing in pure, transparent mediation that leaves no trace of itself on the mediated. Leaving aside for the purposes of this essay the profound political implications of placing the labour of mediation under erasure, I will offer here a heuristic of distortion. Absent such a heuristic, ‘distorted’ book-objects and their texts will always be treated as degraded derivatives. The corollary of that treatment is to elevate an unknown, possibly non-existent ur-text to a position of unimpeachable authority, and to degrade both the experience of reading and of the embodied text and reader. We can solve the problem of distortion by placing the irreducible phenomenological singularity of the book-object at the centre of our experience of a text. This is existential reading: you are reading what you are reading and not anything else.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60953408,"asset_id":40670439,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":79236,"first_name":"Claude","last_name":"Willan","domain_name":"durham","page_name":"ClaudeWillan","display_name":"Claude Willan","profile_url":"https://durham.academia.edu/ClaudeWillan?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/79236/2550130/36834019/s65_claude.willan.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1197,"name":"Digital Humanities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Humanities?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":2396,"name":"Eighteenth-Century literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_literature?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":2811,"name":"History of the Book","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_the_Book?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":5231,"name":"Eighteenth Century 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class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">This essay is about the astronomical focus of Joseph Wright's 1766 painting of an orrery</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43847916" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f582cba1680b3dbb889042f0024ce1cf" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64169875,"asset_id":43847916,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button 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Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Baptist_Theology?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":7721,"name":"Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":184134,"name":"History of Baptist and their Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Baptist_and_their_Identity?f_ri=7721"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37383604" data-work_id="37383604" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37383604/Charlotte_Lennox_An_Independent_Mind_Toronto_University_Press_2018_">Charlotte Lennox: An Independent Mind (Toronto University Press, 2018)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Charlotte Lennox (c.1729-1804) was an eighteenth-century London author whose most celebrated novel, The Female Quixote (1752), is just one of eighteen works published over forty-three years. Her stories of independent women influenced... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37383604" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Charlotte Lennox (c.1729-1804) was an eighteenth-century London author whose most celebrated novel, The Female Quixote (1752), is just one of eighteen works published over forty-three years. Her stories of independent women influenced Jane Austen, especially in her novels Northanger Abbey and Sense and Sensibility.<br /><br />This biography places Lennox in the context of intellectual and cultural history and focuses on her role as a central figure in the professionalization of authorship in England. Lennox, who lived in America as a young person, participated in the most important literary and social discussions of her time, including debates concerning female authorship, the elevation of Shakespeare to national poet, and the role of periodicals as didactic texts for an increasingly literate population. Lennox also contributed to making Greek drama available for English-language audiences and pioneered the serialization of novels in magazines. Carlile’s work is the first biographical treatment to consider a new cache of correspondence released in the 1970s and reveals how Lennox was part of an ambitious and progressive literary and social movement.<br /><a href="https://utorontopress.com/ca/charlotte-lennox-2" rel="nofollow">https://utorontopress.com/ca/charlotte-lennox-2</a></div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37383604" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="38695f68e9fa743cd29ccf5fc27c8da0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57346422,"asset_id":37383604,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57346422/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwMjA1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="89507" href="https://csulb.academia.edu/SusanCarlile">Susan Carlile</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="89507" type="text/json">{"id":89507,"first_name":"Susan","last_name":"Carlile","domain_name":"csulb","page_name":"SusanCarlile","display_name":"Susan Carlile","profile_url":"https://csulb.academia.edu/SusanCarlile?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/89507/24904/20109924/s65_susan.carlile.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37383604 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37383604"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37383604, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37383604", }); 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Her stories of independent women influenced Jane Austen, especially in her novels Northanger Abbey and Sense and Sensibility.\n\nThis biography places Lennox in the context of intellectual and cultural history and focuses on her role as a central figure in the professionalization of authorship in England. Lennox, who lived in America as a young person, participated in the most important literary and social discussions of her time, including debates concerning female authorship, the elevation of Shakespeare to national poet, and the role of periodicals as didactic texts for an increasingly literate population. Lennox also contributed to making Greek drama available for English-language audiences and pioneered the serialization of novels in magazines. Carlile’s work is the first biographical treatment to consider a new cache of correspondence released in the 1970s and reveals how Lennox was part of an ambitious and progressive literary and social movement.\nhttps://utorontopress.com/ca/charlotte-lennox-2","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57346422,"asset_id":37383604,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":89507,"first_name":"Susan","last_name":"Carlile","domain_name":"csulb","page_name":"SusanCarlile","display_name":"Susan Carlile","profile_url":"https://csulb.academia.edu/SusanCarlile?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/89507/24904/20109924/s65_susan.carlile.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1138,"name":"Women's Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Womens_Studies?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":2396,"name":"Eighteenth-Century 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})();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_15057446" data-work_id="15057446" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15057446/Review_of_Backstage_in_the_Novel_Frances_Burney_and_the_Theater_Arts_2012_Winner_of_the_Walker_Cowen_Memorial_Prize_">Review of "Backstage in the Novel: Frances Burney and the Theater Arts" (2012, Winner of the Walker Cowen Memorial Prize)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Review by Ros Ballaster, Journal for Eighteenth-Century Studies, 37: 544–545.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button 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u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="28550060" href="https://unitusdistu.academia.edu/FrancescaSaggini">Francesca Saggini</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="28550060" type="text/json">{"id":28550060,"first_name":"Francesca","last_name":"Saggini","domain_name":"unitusdistu","page_name":"FrancescaSaggini","display_name":"Francesca Saggini","profile_url":"https://unitusdistu.academia.edu/FrancescaSaggini?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/28550060/8077574/9043958/s65_francesca.saggini.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_15057446 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="15057446"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theatre_Studies">Theatre Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="947" type="text/json">{"id":947,"name":"Theatre Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theatre_Studies?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2337" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performance_Studies">Performance Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2337" type="text/json">{"id":2337,"name":"Performance Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performance_Studies?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2396" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_literature">Eighteenth-Century literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2396" type="text/json">{"id":2396,"name":"Eighteenth-Century 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Response","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reader_Response?f_ri=7721"},{"id":23881,"name":"History of the Novel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_the_Novel?f_ri=7721"},{"id":29883,"name":"Authorship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Authorship?f_ri=7721"},{"id":44115,"name":"Frances Burney","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Frances_Burney?f_ri=7721"},{"id":752200,"name":"Readership","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Readership?f_ri=7721"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_309605" data-work_id="309605" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/309605/L_Age_dor_des_clubs_londoniens_1730_1784_Paris_H_Champion_2008">L' Age d'or des clubs londoniens (1730-1784). Paris : H. Champion, 2008.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This study is devoted to the emergence, the characteristics and the function of the London Clubs, which were a key feature of eighteenth-century London life. Their growth, parallel to the advent of the coffee-house, of the press, and to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_309605" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This study is devoted to the emergence, the characteristics and the function of the London Clubs, which were a key feature of eighteenth-century London life. Their growth, parallel to the advent of the coffee-house, of the press, and to urban development, mirrored an evolution of sociability. Those spaces for male conviviality, private, exclusive and somehow elitist, entered their golden age from the 1730s onwards. The pleasures of eating, conversation and gambling, enjoyed by their members, diffused new values, definite norms of savoir-vivre and good taste, designed for the English gentleman. The club was both an instrument of integration and exclusion, half way between the private and public spheres. An exclusive male world, in which refinement and excess coexisted, that institution could be considered either as an anteroom of power, promoting free and constructive debate, or as a centre of plots and subversion. As such, the club seems to embody the paradoxes of the English nation and appears, in this respect, as a form of sociability unique in itself.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/309605" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="603ba683dc49e736af02e35e328dca93" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61686121,"asset_id":309605,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61686121/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwMjA1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="238914" href="https://sorbonneparisnord.academia.edu/Val%C3%A9rieCAPDEVILLE">Valérie CAPDEVILLE</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="238914" type="text/json">{"id":238914,"first_name":"Valérie","last_name":"CAPDEVILLE","domain_name":"sorbonneparisnord","page_name":"ValérieCAPDEVILLE","display_name":"Valérie CAPDEVILLE","profile_url":"https://sorbonneparisnord.academia.edu/Val%C3%A9rieCAPDEVILLE?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/238914/52227/18321024/s65_val_rie.capdeville.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_309605 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="309605"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 309605, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_309605", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_309605 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 309605; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_309605"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_309605 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="309605"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 309605; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=309605]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_309605").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_309605").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="309605"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7321" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Of_London">History Of London</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7321" type="text/json">{"id":7321,"name":"History Of London","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Of_London?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7721" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture">Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7721" type="text/json">{"id":7721,"name":"Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="119210" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gentlemens_clubs">Gentlemen's clubs</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="119210" type="text/json">{"id":119210,"name":"Gentlemen's clubs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gentlemens_clubs?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=309605]'), work: {"id":309605,"title":"L' Age d'or des clubs londoniens (1730-1784). Paris : H. Champion, 2008.","created_at":"2010-08-26T19:13:22.044-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/309605/L_Age_dor_des_clubs_londoniens_1730_1784_Paris_H_Champion_2008?f_ri=7721","dom_id":"work_309605","summary":"This study is devoted to the emergence, the characteristics and the function of the London Clubs, which were a key feature of eighteenth-century London life. Their growth, parallel to the advent of the coffee-house, of the press, and to urban development, mirrored an evolution of sociability. Those spaces for male conviviality, private, exclusive and somehow elitist, entered their golden age from the 1730s onwards. The pleasures of eating, conversation and gambling, enjoyed by their members, diffused new values, definite norms of savoir-vivre and good taste, designed for the English gentleman. The club was both an instrument of integration and exclusion, half way between the private and public spheres. An exclusive male world, in which refinement and excess coexisted, that institution could be considered either as an anteroom of power, promoting free and constructive debate, or as a centre of plots and subversion. As such, the club seems to embody the paradoxes of the English nation and appears, in this respect, as a form of sociability unique in itself.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61686121,"asset_id":309605,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":238914,"first_name":"Valérie","last_name":"CAPDEVILLE","domain_name":"sorbonneparisnord","page_name":"ValérieCAPDEVILLE","display_name":"Valérie CAPDEVILLE","profile_url":"https://sorbonneparisnord.academia.edu/Val%C3%A9rieCAPDEVILLE?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/238914/52227/18321024/s65_val_rie.capdeville.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7321,"name":"History Of London","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Of_London?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":7721,"name":"Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":119210,"name":"Gentlemen's clubs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gentlemens_clubs?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9367798" data-work_id="9367798" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9367798/Women_Peasant_Poets_in_Eighteenth_Century_England_Scotland_and_Germany_Milkmaids_on_Parnassus">Women Peasant Poets in Eighteenth-Century England, Scotland and Germany: Milkmaids on Parnassus</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This is the first comparative study of a highly unlikely group of authors: eighteenth-century women peasants in England, Scotland, and Germany, women who, as a rule, received little or no formal education and lived by manual labor, many... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9367798" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This is the first comparative study of a highly unlikely group of authors: eighteenth-century women peasants in England, Scotland, and Germany, women who, as a rule, received little or no formal education and lived by manual labor, many of them in dire poverty. Among them are the English washerwoman Mary Collier, the English domestic servants Elizabeth Hands and Molly Leapor, the German cowherd Anna Louisa Karsch, the Scottish diarywoman Janet Little, the Scottish domestic servant Christian Milne, and the English milkmaid Ann Cromartie Yearsley. Their literature is here linked with one of the major eighteenth-century aesthetic trends in all three countries, the Natural Genius craze, which culminated in highland primitivism in Scotland and England, and in the Sturm und Drang in Germany. Kord's analysis of the peasant women's works and the bourgeois response enables us to find new answers to questions that have centrally influenced our thinking about what makes art Art. Kord's book provides a fresh look at some of this fascinating literature, and at the roles and attitudes of the lower classes and of women in the Art world of the day. It also advances a revolutionary thesis: that the eighteenth-century bourgeoisie established itself as the dominant cultural class not primarily, as is commonly held, in opposition to aristocratic culture, but more importantly through its dissociation from and suppression of lower-class art forms.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9367798" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4aed0e49f9b7c6db450e5a4deda12b04" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54404434,"asset_id":9367798,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54404434/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwMjA1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="18355514" href="https://ucl.academia.edu/SusanneKord">Susanne Kord</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="18355514" type="text/json">{"id":18355514,"first_name":"Susanne","last_name":"Kord","domain_name":"ucl","page_name":"SusanneKord","display_name":"Susanne Kord","profile_url":"https://ucl.academia.edu/SusanneKord?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/18355514/5129252/20771926/s65_susanne.kord.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9367798 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9367798"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9367798, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9367798", }); 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Among them are the English washerwoman Mary Collier, the English domestic servants Elizabeth Hands and Molly Leapor, the German cowherd Anna Louisa Karsch, the Scottish diarywoman Janet Little, the Scottish domestic servant Christian Milne, and the English milkmaid Ann Cromartie Yearsley. Their literature is here linked with one of the major eighteenth-century aesthetic trends in all three countries, the Natural Genius craze, which culminated in highland primitivism in Scotland and England, and in the Sturm und Drang in Germany. Kord's analysis of the peasant women's works and the bourgeois response enables us to find new answers to questions that have centrally influenced our thinking about what makes art Art. Kord's book provides a fresh look at some of this fascinating literature, and at the roles and attitudes of the lower classes and of women in the Art world of the day. It also advances a revolutionary thesis: that the eighteenth-century bourgeoisie established itself as the dominant cultural class not primarily, as is commonly held, in opposition to aristocratic culture, but more importantly through its dissociation from and suppression of lower-class art forms. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54404434,"asset_id":9367798,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":18355514,"first_name":"Susanne","last_name":"Kord","domain_name":"ucl","page_name":"SusanneKord","display_name":"Susanne Kord","profile_url":"https://ucl.academia.edu/SusanneKord?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/18355514/5129252/20771926/s65_susanne.kord.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":18,"name":"Scottish Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scottish_Literature?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":384,"name":"German Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/German_Studies?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":662,"name":"German Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/German_Literature?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":885,"name":"English Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/English_Literature?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":2396,"name":"Eighteenth-Century literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_literature?f_ri=7721"},{"id":3536,"name":"Peasant Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peasant_Studies?f_ri=7721"},{"id":3581,"name":"Poetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poetry?f_ri=7721"},{"id":5231,"name":"Eighteenth Century History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History?f_ri=7721"},{"id":5634,"name":"Scottish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scottish_History?f_ri=7721"},{"id":7721,"name":"Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture?f_ri=7721"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_42890658" data-work_id="42890658" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/42890658/The_Influence_of_Drawing_Manuals_on_the_British_Practice_and_Reception_of_Fancy_Pictures">The Influence of Drawing Manuals on the British Practice and Reception of Fancy Pictures</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Fancy in the eighteenth century was part of a rich semantic network, connecting wit, whimsicality, erotic desire, spontaneity, deviation from norms and triviality. It was also a contentious term, signifying excess, oddness and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_42890658" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Fancy in the eighteenth century was part of a rich semantic network, connecting wit, whimsicality, erotic desire, spontaneity, deviation from norms and triviality. It was also a contentious term, signifying excess, oddness and irrationality, liable to offend taste, reason and morals. This chapter on fancy in drawing manuals is part of the Voltaire Foundation - Liverpool University Press - Oxford University Studies in The Enlightenment book Fancy in Eighteenth-Century European Visual Culture edited by Melissa Percival and Muriel Adrien</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/42890658" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="91b024c8300fc87bbdc084e7b1deb13d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63136724,"asset_id":42890658,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63136724/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwMjA1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="176554" href="https://univ-paris3.academia.edu/B%C3%A9n%C3%A9dicteMiyamotoPavot">Bénédicte Miyamoto</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="176554" type="text/json">{"id":176554,"first_name":"Bénédicte","last_name":"Miyamoto","domain_name":"univ-paris3","page_name":"BénédicteMiyamotoPavot","display_name":"Bénédicte Miyamoto","profile_url":"https://univ-paris3.academia.edu/B%C3%A9n%C3%A9dicteMiyamotoPavot?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/176554/779574/14052223/s65_b_n_dicte.miyamoto-pavot.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_42890658 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="42890658"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42890658, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_42890658", }); 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Predominantly focalizing his narrative through the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12170670" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Commercial Modernity and Moral Multiplicity in Humphry Clinker In his novel Humphry Clinker, Tobias Smollett engages in a traditionalist's ethical evaluation of commercial modernity. Predominantly focalizing his narrative through the conservative squire Matt Bramble, Smollett articulates a reactionary fear of an emergent economic doctrine that he believes perverts the English socio-moral landscape. Principally, Smollett uses his text to express revulsion for an individualistic mercantilism that promotes self-indulgence over social welfare. But the novel cannot be circumscribed as a unified, single-minded critique against contemporary capitalism. Both generically and structurally, Humphry Clinker is a layered text that engenders and accommodates a multiplicity of contradicting perspectives. Utilizing the heterogeneous schemes of travel writing and polyphonic narration, Smollett represents an ambiguous conception of the mercantile. The plural nature of these literary devices enables him to engage in countervailing analyzes of capitalism, recognizing</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12170670" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e73f39b1b0b58a20b2f8e7e294e33fb4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37471301,"asset_id":12170670,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37471301/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwMjA1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="27302109" href="https://utoronto.academia.edu/DevynNoonan">Devyn Noonan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="27302109" type="text/json">{"id":27302109,"first_name":"Devyn","last_name":"Noonan","domain_name":"utoronto","page_name":"DevynNoonan","display_name":"Devyn Noonan","profile_url":"https://utoronto.academia.edu/DevynNoonan?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27302109/7754598/8693282/s65_devyn.noonan.jpg_oh_64bb33cfb408af8242628f2ea10e9db7_oe_557fa1f2___gda___1434164464_f7ee37407c3c0213557ecdf2be2c25fd"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12170670 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12170670"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12170670, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12170670", }); 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Predominantly focalizing his narrative through the conservative squire Matt Bramble, Smollett articulates a reactionary fear of an emergent economic doctrine that he believes perverts the English socio-moral landscape. Principally, Smollett uses his text to express revulsion for an individualistic mercantilism that promotes self-indulgence over social welfare. But the novel cannot be circumscribed as a unified, single-minded critique against contemporary capitalism. Both generically and structurally, Humphry Clinker is a layered text that engenders and accommodates a multiplicity of contradicting perspectives. Utilizing the heterogeneous schemes of travel writing and polyphonic narration, Smollett represents an ambiguous conception of the mercantile. The plural nature of these literary devices enables him to engage in countervailing analyzes of capitalism, recognizing","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37471301,"asset_id":12170670,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":27302109,"first_name":"Devyn","last_name":"Noonan","domain_name":"utoronto","page_name":"DevynNoonan","display_name":"Devyn Noonan","profile_url":"https://utoronto.academia.edu/DevynNoonan?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27302109/7754598/8693282/s65_devyn.noonan.jpg_oh_64bb33cfb408af8242628f2ea10e9db7_oe_557fa1f2___gda___1434164464_f7ee37407c3c0213557ecdf2be2c25fd"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2396,"name":"Eighteenth-Century literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_literature?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":7721,"name":"Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":10758,"name":"Modernity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modernity?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":11744,"name":"Restoration and Eighteenth-Century English Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Restoration_and_Eighteenth-Century_English_Literature?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":92013,"name":"Tobias Smollett","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tobias_Smollett?f_ri=7721"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43132008" data-work_id="43132008" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43132008/Liberty_Materialism_and_Theism_Joseph_Priestleys_Enlightenment_Project">Liberty, Materialism, and Theism: Joseph Priestley's Enlightenment Project</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">My subject is Joseph Priestley in the 1770s, and his place in the later Enlightenment. If any one figure stands for the Enlightenment in England it is Priestley, ‘the Voltaire of Unitarianism’, as Hazlitt styled him. There are many... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43132008" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">My subject is Joseph Priestley in the 1770s, and his place in the later Enlightenment.  If any one figure stands for the Enlightenment in England it is Priestley, ‘the Voltaire of Unitarianism’, as Hazlitt styled him.  There are many aspects to this decade of intellectual adventurousness.  Philosophically, he takes up the case for materialism and attacks what he calls ‘the hypothesis of the soul’.  He defends the determinism to which he has always subscribed.  And he meets both Humean scepticism and Reid’s Common Sense position with a version of scientific realism fashioned after Locke.  Politically, he began to attack the English aristocracy and clerical establishment, which he sees as hostile to liberty and toleration.  Theologically, he completes the transition from Calvinism to Unitarianism that began in his youth. Viewing Priestley as a son of the Enlightenment, none of these activities is surprising.  What is surprising from that viewpoint is that he led the defence of theism against the criticisms of Hume, d’Holbach, Gibbon, and later Erasmus Darwin.  Is he or is he not an Enlightenment intellectual?  If he is then what sense does it make to talk of an Enlightenment project, one which will have to accommodate Hume, d’Holbach, and Priestley?</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43132008" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="08a21ffde9b5fc70e0749d6210f773d3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63390367,"asset_id":43132008,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63390367/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwMjA1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7015892" href="https://curtin.academia.edu/AlanTapper">Alan Tapper</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7015892" type="text/json">{"id":7015892,"first_name":"Alan","last_name":"Tapper","domain_name":"curtin","page_name":"AlanTapper","display_name":"Alan Tapper","profile_url":"https://curtin.academia.edu/AlanTapper?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7015892/44586513/35049696/s65_alan.tapper.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43132008 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43132008"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43132008, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43132008", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43132008]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43132008").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43132008").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43132008"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7721" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture">Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7721" type="text/json">{"id":7721,"name":"Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9690" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_History_of_Enlightenment">Intellectual History of Enlightenment</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9690" type="text/json">{"id":9690,"name":"Intellectual History of Enlightenment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_History_of_Enlightenment?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43132008]'), work: {"id":43132008,"title":"Liberty, Materialism, and Theism: Joseph Priestley's Enlightenment Project","created_at":"2020-05-21T20:40:25.220-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43132008/Liberty_Materialism_and_Theism_Joseph_Priestleys_Enlightenment_Project?f_ri=7721","dom_id":"work_43132008","summary":"My subject is Joseph Priestley in the 1770s, and his place in the later Enlightenment. If any one figure stands for the Enlightenment in England it is Priestley, ‘the Voltaire of Unitarianism’, as Hazlitt styled him. There are many aspects to this decade of intellectual adventurousness. Philosophically, he takes up the case for materialism and attacks what he calls ‘the hypothesis of the soul’. He defends the determinism to which he has always subscribed. And he meets both Humean scepticism and Reid’s Common Sense position with a version of scientific realism fashioned after Locke. Politically, he began to attack the English aristocracy and clerical establishment, which he sees as hostile to liberty and toleration. Theologically, he completes the transition from Calvinism to Unitarianism that began in his youth. Viewing Priestley as a son of the Enlightenment, none of these activities is surprising. What is surprising from that viewpoint is that he led the defence of theism against the criticisms of Hume, d’Holbach, Gibbon, and later Erasmus Darwin. Is he or is he not an Enlightenment intellectual? If he is then what sense does it make to talk of an Enlightenment project, one which will have to accommodate Hume, d’Holbach, and Priestley?\r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63390367,"asset_id":43132008,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7015892,"first_name":"Alan","last_name":"Tapper","domain_name":"curtin","page_name":"AlanTapper","display_name":"Alan Tapper","profile_url":"https://curtin.academia.edu/AlanTapper?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7015892/44586513/35049696/s65_alan.tapper.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7721,"name":"Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":9690,"name":"Intellectual History of Enlightenment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_History_of_Enlightenment?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44199045" data-work_id="44199045" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44199045/The_Origins_of_the_English_Marriage_Plot_Literature_Politics_and_Religion_in_the_Eighteenth_Century">The Origins of the English Marriage Plot: Literature, Politics and Religion in the Eighteenth Century</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Why did marriage become central to the English novel in the eighteenth century? As clandestine weddings and the unruly culture that surrounded them began to threaten power and property, questions about where and how to marry became urgent... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44199045" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Why did marriage become central to the English novel in the eighteenth century? As clandestine weddings and the unruly culture that surrounded them began to threaten power and property, questions about where and how to marry became urgent matters of public debate. In 1753, in an unprecedented and controversial use of state power, Lord Chancellor Hardwicke mandated Anglican church weddings as marriage's only legal form. Resistance to his Marriage Act would fuel a new kind of realist marriage plot in England and help to produce political radicalism as we know it. Focussing on how major authors from Samuel Richardson to Jane Austen made church weddings a lynchpin of their fiction, The Origins of the English Marriage Plot offers a truly innovative account of the rise of the novel by telling the story of the English marriage plot's engagement with the most compelling political and social questions of its time.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44199045" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c4220945f69bd36452478a01491bb1e0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64563254,"asset_id":44199045,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64563254/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwMjA1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="987443" href="https://acu-au.academia.edu/LisaOConnell">Lisa O'Connell</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="987443" type="text/json">{"id":987443,"first_name":"Lisa","last_name":"O'Connell","domain_name":"acu-au","page_name":"LisaOConnell","display_name":"Lisa O'Connell","profile_url":"https://acu-au.academia.edu/LisaOConnell?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/987443/11878041/13237124/s65_lisa.o_connell.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44199045 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44199045"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44199045, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44199045", }); 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As clandestine weddings and the unruly culture that surrounded them began to threaten power and property, questions about where and how to marry became urgent matters of public debate. In 1753, in an unprecedented and controversial use of state power, Lord Chancellor Hardwicke mandated Anglican church weddings as marriage's only legal form. Resistance to his Marriage Act would fuel a new kind of realist marriage plot in England and help to produce political radicalism as we know it. Focussing on how major authors from Samuel Richardson to Jane Austen made church weddings a lynchpin of their fiction, The Origins of the English Marriage Plot offers a truly innovative account of the rise of the novel by telling the story of the English marriage plot's engagement with the most compelling political and social questions of its time.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64563254,"asset_id":44199045,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":987443,"first_name":"Lisa","last_name":"O'Connell","domain_name":"acu-au","page_name":"LisaOConnell","display_name":"Lisa O'Connell","profile_url":"https://acu-au.academia.edu/LisaOConnell?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/987443/11878041/13237124/s65_lisa.o_connell.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":15,"name":"British Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_Literature?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":2394,"name":"Women's writing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Womens_writing?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":2587,"name":"The Novel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Novel?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":5231,"name":"Eighteenth Century History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":7335,"name":"Jane Austen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jane_Austen?f_ri=7721"},{"id":7720,"name":"British Eighteenth-Century Literature and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_Eighteenth-Century_Literature_and_Culture?f_ri=7721"},{"id":7721,"name":"Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture?f_ri=7721"},{"id":10535,"name":"Anglicanism (Anglicanism)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anglicanism_Anglicanism_?f_ri=7721"},{"id":11744,"name":"Restoration and Eighteenth-Century English Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Restoration_and_Eighteenth-Century_English_Literature?f_ri=7721"},{"id":23881,"name":"History of the Novel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_the_Novel?f_ri=7721"},{"id":29102,"name":"Theatre","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theatre?f_ri=7721"},{"id":44107,"name":"Henry Fielding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Henry_Fielding?f_ri=7721"},{"id":57912,"name":"Marriage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marriage?f_ri=7721"},{"id":90587,"name":"Samuel Richardson","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Samuel_Richardson?f_ri=7721"},{"id":100378,"name":"Eighteenth Century Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_Studies?f_ri=7721"},{"id":129192,"name":"British theatre","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_theatre?f_ri=7721"},{"id":378752,"name":"Oliver Goldsmith","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oliver_Goldsmith?f_ri=7721"},{"id":1426527,"name":"The Marriage Plot","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Marriage_Plot?f_ri=7721"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10820803" data-work_id="10820803" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10820803/Jane_Austen_e_la_Merrie_England_le_radici_profonde_di_un_successo">Jane Austen e la Merrie England: le radici profonde di un successo</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Questo articolo apre una serie di scritti con cui l’autore si propone di indagare sul variegato valore della letteratura di Jane Austen e sul suo rapporto con la contemporaneità. I lettori saranno accompagnati in un percorso che metterà... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10820803" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Questo articolo apre una serie di scritti con cui l’autore si propone di indagare sul variegato valore della letteratura di Jane Austen e sul suo rapporto con la contemporaneità. I lettori saranno accompagnati in un percorso che metterà Austen a confronto con la settima arte, ma anche con la filosofia, con la Storia, con la cultura del paesaggio e con i contesti letterari più disparati, in uno stimolante dibattito multidisciplinare.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10820803" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6181fd3e6f412318188e72bba42e3ba9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36648684,"asset_id":10820803,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36648684/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwMjA1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="809472" href="https://unimc.academia.edu/CesareCat%C3%A0">Cesare Catà</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="809472" type="text/json">{"id":809472,"first_name":"Cesare","last_name":"Catà","domain_name":"unimc","page_name":"CesareCatà","display_name":"Cesare Catà","profile_url":"https://unimc.academia.edu/CesareCat%C3%A0?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/809472/278832/31907784/s65_cesare.cat_.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10820803 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10820803"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10820803, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10820803", }); 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I lettori saranno accompagnati in un percorso che metterà Austen a confronto con la settima arte, ma anche con la filosofia, con la Storia, con la cultura del paesaggio e con i contesti letterari più disparati, in uno stimolante dibattito multidisciplinare.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36648684,"asset_id":10820803,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":809472,"first_name":"Cesare","last_name":"Catà","domain_name":"unimc","page_name":"CesareCatà","display_name":"Cesare Catà","profile_url":"https://unimc.academia.edu/CesareCat%C3%A0?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/809472/278832/31907784/s65_cesare.cat_.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":885,"name":"English 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href="https://www.academia.edu/9612169/Eighteenth_century_British_painting_and_its_audience_the_Rule_of_Taste_and_mercantile_society">Eighteenth-century British painting and its audience: the “Rule of Taste” and mercantile society</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9612169" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="47a60470493ecafc8925c4cbe7a95443" rel="nofollow" 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Reception_Studies">Classical Reception Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22599" type="text/json">{"id":22599,"name":"Classical Reception Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Reception_Studies?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="66034" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_Art">Eighteenth-Century British Art</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="66034" type="text/json">{"id":66034,"name":"Eighteenth-Century British Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_Art?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="359197" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Academies_of_Fine_Arts">Academies of Fine Arts</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="359197" type="text/json">{"id":359197,"name":"Academies of Fine Arts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Academies_of_Fine_Arts?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9612169]'), work: {"id":9612169,"title":"Eighteenth-century British painting and its audience: the “Rule of Taste” and mercantile society","created_at":"2014-12-03T14:40:37.250-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9612169/Eighteenth_century_British_painting_and_its_audience_the_Rule_of_Taste_and_mercantile_society?f_ri=7721","dom_id":"work_9612169","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35817895,"asset_id":9612169,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2922465,"first_name":"Adriano","last_name":"Aymonino","domain_name":"buckingham","page_name":"AdrianoAymonino","display_name":"Adriano Aymonino","profile_url":"https://buckingham.academia.edu/AdrianoAymonino?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2922465/965964/1209076/s65_adriano.aymonino.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7721,"name":"Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":22599,"name":"Classical Reception Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Reception_Studies?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":66034,"name":"Eighteenth-Century British Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_Art?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":359197,"name":"Academies of Fine Arts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Academies_of_Fine_Arts?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":552512,"name":"Academies of Fine Art in Britain and USA c.1800-1900","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Academies_of_Fine_Art_in_Britain_and_USA_c.1800-1900?f_ri=7721"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2642582" data-work_id="2642582" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2642582/Libertys_Dawn_introduction">Liberty's Dawn: introduction</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2642582" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span 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class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="169737" href="https://eastanglia.academia.edu/EmmaGriffin">Emma Griffin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="169737" type="text/json">{"id":169737,"first_name":"Emma","last_name":"Griffin","domain_name":"eastanglia","page_name":"EmmaGriffin","display_name":"Emma Griffin","profile_url":"https://eastanglia.academia.edu/EmmaGriffin?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/169737/235081/3763978/s65_emma.griffin.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2642582 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2642582"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2642582, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2642582", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_2642582 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden 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'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2642582]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2642582").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2642582").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2642582"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="134" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_History">Modern History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="134" type="text/json">{"id":134,"name":"Modern History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_History?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="136" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History">Cultural History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="136" type="text/json">{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2324" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_History">British History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2324" type="text/json">{"id":2324,"name":"British History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_History?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7543" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_British_History">Modern British History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7543" type="text/json">{"id":7543,"name":"Modern British History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_British_History?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2642582]'), work: {"id":2642582,"title":"Liberty's Dawn: introduction","created_at":"2013-02-24T19:51:13.254-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2642582/Libertys_Dawn_introduction?f_ri=7721","dom_id":"work_2642582","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30646892,"asset_id":2642582,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":169737,"first_name":"Emma","last_name":"Griffin","domain_name":"eastanglia","page_name":"EmmaGriffin","display_name":"Emma Griffin","profile_url":"https://eastanglia.academia.edu/EmmaGriffin?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/169737/235081/3763978/s65_emma.griffin.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":134,"name":"Modern History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_History?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":2324,"name":"British History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_History?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":7543,"name":"Modern British History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_British_History?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":7721,"name":"Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture?f_ri=7721"},{"id":10322,"name":"Nineteenth Century British History and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nineteenth_Century_British_History_and_Culture?f_ri=7721"},{"id":15588,"name":"Social History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_History?f_ri=7721"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31672662" data-work_id="31672662" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31672662/Nether_Stowey_1832_a_Snapshot_of_the_Poor_and_the_Poor_Laws_in_one_Somersetshire_parish_taken_by_Thomas_Poole_magistrate">Nether Stowey 1832: a Snapshot of the Poor and the Poor Laws in one Somersetshire parish taken by Thomas Poole magistrate</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Thomas Poole a Somerset magistrate and close friend of the poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge wrote a report on the state of the poor in his parish of Nether Stowey in the year 1832. This report provides an unique glimpse into the lives of the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_31672662" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Thomas Poole a Somerset magistrate and close friend of the poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge wrote a report on the state of the poor in his parish of Nether Stowey in the year 1832. This report provides an unique glimpse into the lives of the eighteenth century poor at the level of an individual parish. It was written at a time when the numbers and costs of the poor were rising very fast and becoming of great concern both to parliament and to the government.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31672662" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cb1ef92a9307434b7f632f8d9e94a5ef" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51993791,"asset_id":31672662,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51993791/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwMjA1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6714843" href="https://bham.academia.edu/martinmcdonagh">martin mcdonagh</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6714843" type="text/json">{"id":6714843,"first_name":"martin","last_name":"mcdonagh","domain_name":"bham","page_name":"martinmcdonagh","display_name":"martin mcdonagh","profile_url":"https://bham.academia.edu/martinmcdonagh?f_ri=7721","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31672662 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31672662"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31672662, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31672662", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31672662]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_31672662").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_31672662").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="31672662"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7721" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture">Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7721" type="text/json">{"id":7721,"name":"Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="869148" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_English_Social_History">Eighteenth Century English Social History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="869148" type="text/json">{"id":869148,"name":"Eighteenth Century English Social History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_English_Social_History?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=31672662]'), work: {"id":31672662,"title":"Nether Stowey 1832: a Snapshot of the Poor and the Poor Laws in one Somersetshire parish taken by Thomas Poole magistrate","created_at":"2017-03-01T23:38:13.191-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/31672662/Nether_Stowey_1832_a_Snapshot_of_the_Poor_and_the_Poor_Laws_in_one_Somersetshire_parish_taken_by_Thomas_Poole_magistrate?f_ri=7721","dom_id":"work_31672662","summary":"Thomas Poole a Somerset magistrate and close friend of the poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge wrote a report on the state of the poor in his parish of Nether Stowey in the year 1832. This report provides an unique glimpse into the lives of the eighteenth century poor at the level of an individual parish. It was written at a time when the numbers and costs of the poor were rising very fast and becoming of great concern both to parliament and to the government.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51993791,"asset_id":31672662,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6714843,"first_name":"martin","last_name":"mcdonagh","domain_name":"bham","page_name":"martinmcdonagh","display_name":"martin mcdonagh","profile_url":"https://bham.academia.edu/martinmcdonagh?f_ri=7721","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7721,"name":"Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":869148,"name":"Eighteenth Century English Social History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_English_Social_History?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_32091952" data-work_id="32091952" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32091952/_The_Operatic_Voice_of_Leoni_the_Jew_Between_the_Synagogue_and_the_Theater_in_Late_Georgian_Britain_Journal_of_British_Studies_56_2_April_2017_">"The Operatic Voice of Leoni the Jew: Between the Synagogue and the Theater in Late Georgian Britain," Journal of British Studies 56:2 (April 2017)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Michael Leoni, a leading singer in late eighteenth-century London, became famous for his role in Richard Brinsley Sheridan's anti-Jewish opera The Duenna. He was discovered, however, at the Jewish synagogue, where his singing enthralled... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_32091952" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Michael Leoni, a leading singer in late eighteenth-century London, became famous for his role in Richard Brinsley Sheridan's anti-Jewish opera The Duenna. He was discovered, however, at the Jewish synagogue, where his singing enthralled non-Jews in the early 1770s. Tracing Leoni's public reception, this article argues that the performative effect of his singing had a multifaceted relation to his audience's psychology of prejudice, serving to both reiterate and reconfigure a variety of preconceptions regarding the Jews. Leoni’s intervention through operatic singing was particularly significant – a powerful, bodily manifestation that was capable of transforming listeners while exhibiting the deep acculturation of the singer himself. The ambivalence triggered by his performances would go on to define the public reception of other Jewish singers, particularly that of Leoni's protégé, John Braham, Britain’s leading tenor in the early nineteenth century. Ultimately, the experience of these Jews' performances could not be easily deconstructed, as the Jewish performers' voices were emanating from within written, sometimes canonical, musical works. This representational impasse gave rise to a public discourse intent on deciphering their Jewishness, raising questions of interpretation, intention, and confession.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/32091952" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f5db7b9bac5dd938c16a3c4034666dda" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52467442,"asset_id":32091952,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52467442/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwMjA1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="732079" href="https://huji.academia.edu/UriErman">Uri Erman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="732079" type="text/json">{"id":732079,"first_name":"Uri","last_name":"Erman","domain_name":"huji","page_name":"UriErman","display_name":"Uri Erman","profile_url":"https://huji.academia.edu/UriErman?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/732079/250156/59163006/s65_uri.erman.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_32091952 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="32091952"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32091952, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_32091952", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32091952]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_32091952").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_32091952").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="32091952"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="983" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish_Studies">Jewish Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="983" type="text/json">{"id":983,"name":"Jewish Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish_Studies?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2324" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_History">British History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2324" type="text/json">{"id":2324,"name":"British History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_History?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4039" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Opera">Opera</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4039" type="text/json">{"id":4039,"name":"Opera","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Opera?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5231" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History">Eighteenth Century History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5231" type="text/json">{"id":5231,"name":"Eighteenth Century History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=32091952]'), work: {"id":32091952,"title":"\"The Operatic Voice of Leoni the Jew: Between the Synagogue and the Theater in Late Georgian Britain,\" Journal of British Studies 56:2 (April 2017)","created_at":"2017-03-28T04:42:36.695-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/32091952/_The_Operatic_Voice_of_Leoni_the_Jew_Between_the_Synagogue_and_the_Theater_in_Late_Georgian_Britain_Journal_of_British_Studies_56_2_April_2017_?f_ri=7721","dom_id":"work_32091952","summary":"Michael Leoni, a leading singer in late eighteenth-century London, became famous for his role in Richard Brinsley Sheridan's anti-Jewish opera The Duenna. He was discovered, however, at the Jewish synagogue, where his singing enthralled non-Jews in the early 1770s. Tracing Leoni's public reception, this article argues that the performative effect of his singing had a multifaceted relation to his audience's psychology of prejudice, serving to both reiterate and reconfigure a variety of preconceptions regarding the Jews. Leoni’s intervention through operatic singing was particularly significant – a powerful, bodily manifestation that was capable of transforming listeners while exhibiting the deep acculturation of the singer himself. The ambivalence triggered by his performances would go on to define the public reception of other Jewish singers, particularly that of Leoni's protégé, John Braham, Britain’s leading tenor in the early nineteenth century. Ultimately, the experience of these Jews' performances could not be easily deconstructed, as the Jewish performers' voices were emanating from within written, sometimes canonical, musical works. This representational impasse gave rise to a public discourse intent on deciphering their Jewishness, raising questions of interpretation, intention, and confession.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52467442,"asset_id":32091952,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":732079,"first_name":"Uri","last_name":"Erman","domain_name":"huji","page_name":"UriErman","display_name":"Uri Erman","profile_url":"https://huji.academia.edu/UriErman?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/732079/250156/59163006/s65_uri.erman.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":983,"name":"Jewish Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish_Studies?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":2324,"name":"British History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_History?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":4039,"name":"Opera","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Opera?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":5231,"name":"Eighteenth Century History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":5531,"name":"Antisemitism (Prejudice)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antisemitism_Prejudice_?f_ri=7721"},{"id":6013,"name":"Performativity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performativity?f_ri=7721"},{"id":6627,"name":"Jewish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish_History?f_ri=7721"},{"id":7543,"name":"Modern British History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_British_History?f_ri=7721"},{"id":7721,"name":"Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture?f_ri=7721"},{"id":9043,"name":"Performance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performance?f_ri=7721"},{"id":10015,"name":"British Music","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_Music?f_ri=7721"},{"id":21944,"name":"G F Handel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/G_F_Handel?f_ri=7721"},{"id":28247,"name":"Modern Jewish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Jewish_History?f_ri=7721"},{"id":35133,"name":"Eighteenth-Century Music","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_Music?f_ri=7721"},{"id":288762,"name":"Singers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Singers?f_ri=7721"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5119118" data-work_id="5119118" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5119118/Dividing_to_rule_Precision_mathematical_instruments_in_mid_18th_century_England">Dividing to rule: Precision mathematical instruments in mid-18th century England</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Development of mathematical sciences in the 18th century, especially in the interwoven strands of astronomy, navigation, and surveying, was driven by measurements of ever-increasing exactness. The mathematical instrument makers who... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5119118" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Development of mathematical sciences in the 18th century, especially in the interwoven strands of astronomy, navigation, and <br />surveying, was driven by measurements of ever-increasing exactness. <br /> <br />The mathematical instrument makers who designed and reﬁned instruments of exquisite precision had to be experts in both theory and practice. In this talk I will explain some of the <br />problems faced, and techniques used, by the leading practitioners of the day to produce such accurate measurements.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5119118" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0febc0ae18702f8ac73974c2fd3e42ad" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32421039,"asset_id":5119118,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32421039/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwMjA1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3458007" href="https://stlawu.academia.edu/DuncanJMelville">Duncan J Melville</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3458007" type="text/json">{"id":3458007,"first_name":"Duncan J","last_name":"Melville","domain_name":"stlawu","page_name":"DuncanJMelville","display_name":"Duncan J Melville","profile_url":"https://stlawu.academia.edu/DuncanJMelville?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3458007/1912020/2265440/s65_duncan_j.melville.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5119118 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5119118"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5119118, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5119118", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5119118]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_5119118").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_5119118").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5119118"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2084" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Mathematics">History of Mathematics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2084" type="text/json">{"id":2084,"name":"History of Mathematics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Mathematics?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3723" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science">History of Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3723" type="text/json">{"id":3723,"name":"History of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7721" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture">Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7721" type="text/json">{"id":7721,"name":"Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23381" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_scientific_instruments">History of scientific instruments</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="23381" type="text/json">{"id":23381,"name":"History of scientific instruments","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_scientific_instruments?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5119118]'), work: {"id":5119118,"title":"Dividing to rule: Precision mathematical instruments in mid-18th century England","created_at":"2013-11-16T02:31:23.681-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5119118/Dividing_to_rule_Precision_mathematical_instruments_in_mid_18th_century_England?f_ri=7721","dom_id":"work_5119118","summary":"Development of mathematical sciences in the 18th century, especially in the interwoven strands of astronomy, navigation, and\r\nsurveying, was driven by measurements of ever-increasing exactness. \r\n\r\nThe mathematical instrument makers who designed and reﬁned instruments of exquisite precision had to be experts in both theory and practice. In this talk I will explain some of the\r\nproblems faced, and techniques used, by the leading practitioners of the day to produce such accurate measurements.\r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32421039,"asset_id":5119118,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3458007,"first_name":"Duncan J","last_name":"Melville","domain_name":"stlawu","page_name":"DuncanJMelville","display_name":"Duncan J Melville","profile_url":"https://stlawu.academia.edu/DuncanJMelville?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3458007/1912020/2265440/s65_duncan_j.melville.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2084,"name":"History of Mathematics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Mathematics?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":3723,"name":"History of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":7721,"name":"Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":23381,"name":"History of scientific instruments","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_scientific_instruments?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4067601 coauthored" data-work_id="4067601" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4067601/_Practical_Criticism_">"Practical Criticism"</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">The practice of criticism of authors and works in England from 1660 to 1789</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4067601" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2fd0cb3ee11fcdeb1283fad8c78d728a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38422235,"asset_id":4067601,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38422235/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwMjA1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" 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class="hidden js-additional-users-4067601"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://berry.academia.edu/ZeynepTenger">Zeynep Tenger</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-4067601'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-4067601').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4067601 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4067601"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4067601, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4067601", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_4067601 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4067601]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4067601").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4067601").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4067601"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_Literature">British Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15" type="text/json">{"id":15,"name":"British Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_Literature?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3773" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literary_Criticism">Literary Criticism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3773" type="text/json">{"id":3773,"name":"Literary Criticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literary_Criticism?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7721" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture">Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7721" type="text/json">{"id":7721,"name":"Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7888" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literary_Theory">Literary Theory</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7888" type="text/json">{"id":7888,"name":"Literary Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literary_Theory?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4067601]'), work: {"id":4067601,"title":"\"Practical Criticism\"","created_at":"2013-07-19T22:07:46.988-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4067601/_Practical_Criticism_?f_ri=7721","dom_id":"work_4067601","summary":"The practice of criticism of authors and works in England from 1660 to 1789","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38422235,"asset_id":4067601,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":733083,"first_name":"Paul","last_name":"Trolander","domain_name":"berry","page_name":"PaulTrolander","display_name":"Paul Trolander","profile_url":"https://berry.academia.edu/PaulTrolander?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/733083/877484/1095558/s65_paul.trolander.jpg"},{"id":2722285,"first_name":"Zeynep","last_name":"Tenger","domain_name":"berry","page_name":"ZeynepTenger","display_name":"Zeynep Tenger","profile_url":"https://berry.academia.edu/ZeynepTenger?f_ri=7721","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":15,"name":"British Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_Literature?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":3773,"name":"Literary Criticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literary_Criticism?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":7721,"name":"Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":7888,"name":"Literary Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literary_Theory?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":11744,"name":"Restoration and Eighteenth-Century English Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Restoration_and_Eighteenth-Century_English_Literature?f_ri=7721"},{"id":14231,"name":"18th Century British Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/18th_Century_British_Literature?f_ri=7721"},{"id":38317,"name":"History of Literary Criticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Literary_Criticism?f_ri=7721"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_406941 coauthored" data-work_id="406941" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/406941/Gender_Taste_and_Material_Culture_in_Britain_and_North_America_1700_1830_with_Amanda_Vickery_New_Haven_Yale_University_Press_2006_">Gender, Taste and Material Culture in Britain and North America, 1700-1830 (with Amanda Vickery, New Haven, Yale University Press, 2006)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Between 1700 and 1830, men and women in the English-speaking territories framing the Atlantic gained unprecedented access to material things. The British Atlantic was an empire of goods, held together not just by political authority and a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_406941" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Between 1700 and 1830, men and women in the English-speaking territories framing the Atlantic gained unprecedented access to material things. The British Atlantic was an empire of goods, held together not just by political authority and a common language, but by a shared material culture nourished by constant flows of commodities. Diets expanded to include exotic luxuries such as tea and sugar, the fruits of mercantile and colonial expansion. Homes were furnished with novel goods, like clocks and earthenware teapots, the products of British industrial ingenuity. This groundbreaking book compares these developments in Britain and North America, bringing together a multi-disciplinary group of scholars to consider basic questions about women, men, and objects in these regions. In asking who did the shopping, how things were used, and why they became the subject of political dispute, the essays show the profound significance of everyday objects in the eighteenth-century Atlantic world.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/406941" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="01e0f66d9336c94fe21f153d01db56d2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35836312,"asset_id":406941,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35836312/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwMjA1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="270097" href="https://herts.academia.edu/JohnStyles">John Styles</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="270097" type="text/json">{"id":270097,"first_name":"John","last_name":"Styles","domain_name":"herts","page_name":"JohnStyles","display_name":"John Styles","profile_url":"https://herts.academia.edu/JohnStyles?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/270097/56231/45044972/s65_john.styles.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-406941">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-406941"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://qmul.academia.edu/AmandaVickery">Amanda J Vickery</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-406941'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-406941').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_406941 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="406941"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 406941, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_406941", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_406941 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 406941; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_406941"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_406941 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="406941"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 406941; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=406941]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_406941").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_406941").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="406941"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="137" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History">Economic History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="137" type="text/json">{"id":137,"name":"Economic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1437" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Dress">History of Dress</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1437" type="text/json">{"id":1437,"name":"History of Dress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Dress?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1563" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consumers_and_Consumption">Consumers & Consumption</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1563" type="text/json">{"id":1563,"name":"Consumers \u0026 Consumption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consumers_and_Consumption?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1632" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Design_History">Design History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1632" type="text/json">{"id":1632,"name":"Design History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Design_History?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=406941]'), work: {"id":406941,"title":"Gender, Taste and Material Culture in Britain and North America, 1700-1830 (with Amanda Vickery, New Haven, Yale University Press, 2006)","created_at":"2011-01-09T18:03:52.288-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/406941/Gender_Taste_and_Material_Culture_in_Britain_and_North_America_1700_1830_with_Amanda_Vickery_New_Haven_Yale_University_Press_2006_?f_ri=7721","dom_id":"work_406941","summary":"Between 1700 and 1830, men and women in the English-speaking territories framing the Atlantic gained unprecedented access to material things. The British Atlantic was an empire of goods, held together not just by political authority and a common language, but by a shared material culture nourished by constant flows of commodities. Diets expanded to include exotic luxuries such as tea and sugar, the fruits of mercantile and colonial expansion. Homes were furnished with novel goods, like clocks and earthenware teapots, the products of British industrial ingenuity. This groundbreaking book compares these developments in Britain and North America, bringing together a multi-disciplinary group of scholars to consider basic questions about women, men, and objects in these regions. In asking who did the shopping, how things were used, and why they became the subject of political dispute, the essays show the profound significance of everyday objects in the eighteenth-century Atlantic world.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35836312,"asset_id":406941,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":270097,"first_name":"John","last_name":"Styles","domain_name":"herts","page_name":"JohnStyles","display_name":"John Styles","profile_url":"https://herts.academia.edu/JohnStyles?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/270097/56231/45044972/s65_john.styles.jpg"},{"id":306231,"first_name":"Amanda","last_name":"Vickery","domain_name":"qmul","page_name":"AmandaVickery","display_name":"Amanda J Vickery","profile_url":"https://qmul.academia.edu/AmandaVickery?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/306231/61749/2843600/s65_amanda.vickery.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":137,"name":"Economic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":1437,"name":"History of Dress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Dress?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":1563,"name":"Consumers \u0026 Consumption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consumers_and_Consumption?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":1632,"name":"Design History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Design_History?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":1726,"name":"Women's History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Womens_History?f_ri=7721"},{"id":2272,"name":"Gender History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_History?f_ri=7721"},{"id":2473,"name":"Material Culture Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Material_Culture_Studies?f_ri=7721"},{"id":5231,"name":"Eighteenth Century History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History?f_ri=7721"},{"id":5256,"name":"History of Textiles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Textiles?f_ri=7721"},{"id":6325,"name":"Consumerism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consumerism?f_ri=7721"},{"id":7721,"name":"Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture?f_ri=7721"},{"id":25361,"name":"Fashion (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fashion_History_?f_ri=7721"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3523468" data-work_id="3523468" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3523468/English_midwives_responses_to_the_medicalisation_of_childbirth_1671_1795_">English midwives’ responses to the medicalisation of childbirth (1671–1795)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper principally concerns the examination of four English midwifery treatises written by midwives between 1671 and 1795. It focuses on their responses to the medicalisation of childbirth and, in particular, their concerns about... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3523468" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper principally concerns the examination of four English midwifery treatises written by midwives between 1671 and 1795. It focuses on their responses to the medicalisation of childbirth and, in particular, their concerns about medical negligence and their views on the value of anatomical knowledge to the development and defence of their practice. They wrote during a period of mounting tension between midwives and men midwives, when even the most inexperienced men automatically assumed authority over traditional midwives. The texts reveal the authors' concerns about the harm being caused to women and infants by the indiscriminate use of birth instruments. Examples in the primary sources suggest that the practice of both types of midwife ranged from excellent to lethal. However, the midwife-authors perceived men midwives as a threat: unjustly denigrating traditional practice and rapidly carving niches for themselves in midwifery by attending wealthy and influential families, using their birth instruments to intervene and deliver women, sometimes on dubious grounds, and by publishing substantive texts which further promoted their usefulness to society.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3523468" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="22eb38d521f8bbe127a92bf4f9894d91" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50248589,"asset_id":3523468,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50248589/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwMjA1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4158372" href="https://manchester.academia.edu/JAllotey">Janette Allotey</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4158372" type="text/json">{"id":4158372,"first_name":"Janette","last_name":"Allotey","domain_name":"manchester","page_name":"JAllotey","display_name":"Janette Allotey","profile_url":"https://manchester.academia.edu/JAllotey?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4158372/4291219/4989425/s65_janette.allotey.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3523468 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3523468"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3523468, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3523468", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_3523468 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3523468; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_3523468"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_3523468 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="3523468"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3523468; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3523468]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3523468").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3523468").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3523468"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5231" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History">Eighteenth Century History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5231" type="text/json">{"id":5231,"name":"Eighteenth Century History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7721" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture">Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7721" type="text/json">{"id":7721,"name":"Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="36569" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Midwifery">History of Midwifery</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="36569" type="text/json">{"id":36569,"name":"History of Midwifery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Midwifery?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="121147" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_childbirth_and_midwifery">History of childbirth and midwifery</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="121147" type="text/json">{"id":121147,"name":"History of childbirth and midwifery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_childbirth_and_midwifery?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3523468]'), work: {"id":3523468,"title":"English midwives’ responses to the medicalisation of childbirth (1671–1795)","created_at":"2013-05-13T02:19:24.707-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3523468/English_midwives_responses_to_the_medicalisation_of_childbirth_1671_1795_?f_ri=7721","dom_id":"work_3523468","summary":"This paper principally concerns the examination of four English midwifery treatises written by midwives between 1671 and 1795. It focuses on their responses to the medicalisation of childbirth and, in particular, their concerns about medical negligence and their views on the value of anatomical knowledge to the development and defence of their practice. They wrote during a period of mounting tension between midwives and men midwives, when even the most inexperienced men automatically assumed authority over traditional midwives. The texts reveal the authors' concerns about the harm being caused to women and infants by the indiscriminate use of birth instruments. Examples in the primary sources suggest that the practice of both types of midwife ranged from excellent to lethal. However, the midwife-authors perceived men midwives as a threat: unjustly denigrating traditional practice and rapidly carving niches for themselves in midwifery by attending wealthy and influential families, using their birth instruments to intervene and deliver women, sometimes on dubious grounds, and by publishing substantive texts which further promoted their usefulness to society.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50248589,"asset_id":3523468,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4158372,"first_name":"Janette","last_name":"Allotey","domain_name":"manchester","page_name":"JAllotey","display_name":"Janette Allotey","profile_url":"https://manchester.academia.edu/JAllotey?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4158372/4291219/4989425/s65_janette.allotey.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5231,"name":"Eighteenth Century History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":7721,"name":"Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":36569,"name":"History of Midwifery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Midwifery?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":121147,"name":"History of childbirth and midwifery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_childbirth_and_midwifery?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12163037" data-work_id="12163037" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12163037/The_Legas_Remnant_Letters">The Legas-Remnant Letters</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">The correspondence of John Legas, Samuel Remnant and others, relating to the production and sale of ordnance and shot, 1745-1749.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12163037" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8a7e617a4adee4ba21b223c33b0c56e8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37465729,"asset_id":12163037,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37465729/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwMjA1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6215313" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JeremyHodgkinson">Jeremy Hodgkinson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6215313" type="text/json">{"id":6215313,"first_name":"Jeremy","last_name":"Hodgkinson","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JeremyHodgkinson","display_name":"Jeremy Hodgkinson","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JeremyHodgkinson?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6215313/3743477/35563193/s65_jeremy.hodgkinson.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12163037 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12163037"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12163037, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12163037", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_12163037 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12163037; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_12163037"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_12163037 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12163037"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12163037; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12163037]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12163037").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12163037").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12163037"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7721" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture">Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7721" type="text/json">{"id":7721,"name":"Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23133" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iron_and_Steel_History_">Iron and Steel (History)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23133" type="text/json">{"id":23133,"name":"Iron and Steel (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iron_and_Steel_History_?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392741" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ordnance">Ordnance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392741" type="text/json">{"id":392741,"name":"Ordnance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ordnance?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="696892" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Naval_ordnance">Naval ordnance</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="696892" type="text/json">{"id":696892,"name":"Naval ordnance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Naval_ordnance?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12163037]'), work: {"id":12163037,"title":"The Legas-Remnant Letters","created_at":"2015-04-30T03:09:54.740-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12163037/The_Legas_Remnant_Letters?f_ri=7721","dom_id":"work_12163037","summary":"The correspondence of John Legas, Samuel Remnant and others, relating to the production and sale of ordnance and shot, 1745-1749.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37465729,"asset_id":12163037,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6215313,"first_name":"Jeremy","last_name":"Hodgkinson","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JeremyHodgkinson","display_name":"Jeremy Hodgkinson","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JeremyHodgkinson?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6215313/3743477/35563193/s65_jeremy.hodgkinson.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7721,"name":"Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":23133,"name":"Iron and Steel (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iron_and_Steel_History_?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":392741,"name":"Ordnance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ordnance?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":696892,"name":"Naval ordnance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Naval_ordnance?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":697073,"name":"Wealden Iron Industry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wealden_Iron_Industry?f_ri=7721"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2429003" data-work_id="2429003" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2429003/Musical_References_in_the_Jennens_Holdsworth_Correspondence_1729_46_"> Musical References in the Jennens–Holdsworth Correspondence (1729–46)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">These extracts on music from the correspondence between Charles Jennens (1700–73) and Edward Holdsworth (1684–1746) reflect the authors' shared interests and (prohibited) political views. Though commonly known as the librettist of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2429003" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">These extracts on music from the correspondence between Charles Jennens (1700–73) and Edward Holdsworth (1684–1746) reflect the authors' shared interests and (prohibited) political views. Though commonly known as the librettist of Messiah, Jennens was also a collector of music and art, and as such capitalized on Holdworth's travels as a tutor of young gentlemen on the Grand Tour. Many of the letters detail musical commissions and their fulfilment by a willing Holdsworth. In return, Jennens acted as Holdsworth's financial advisor, editorial consultant and publication adviser. Other discussions centre around the public and personal rating of singers and operas, in London and abroad, and include discussions of Handel's fortunes, his borrowing of music from Jennens's collection and his health. Mentions of personnel are not restricted to musicians but also encompass members of Jennens's family and of his and Holdsworth's social circles, many of whom were supporters of Handel.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2429003" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9e28901a77148db9990b331808430b19" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65301055,"asset_id":2429003,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65301055/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwMjA1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="206695" href="https://stanford.academia.edu/ILIASCHRISSOCHOIDIS">ILIAS CHRISSOCHOIDIS</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="206695" type="text/json">{"id":206695,"first_name":"ILIAS","last_name":"CHRISSOCHOIDIS","domain_name":"stanford","page_name":"ILIASCHRISSOCHOIDIS","display_name":"ILIAS CHRISSOCHOIDIS","profile_url":"https://stanford.academia.edu/ILIASCHRISSOCHOIDIS?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/206695/872414/11608757/s65_ilias.chrissochoidis.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2429003 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2429003"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2429003, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2429003", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2429003]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2429003").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2429003").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2429003"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5231" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History">Eighteenth Century History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5231" type="text/json">{"id":5231,"name":"Eighteenth Century History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7721" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture">Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7721" type="text/json">{"id":7721,"name":"Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21944" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/G_F_Handel">G F Handel</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21944" type="text/json">{"id":21944,"name":"G F Handel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/G_F_Handel?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="94600" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anglo-Italian_relations">Anglo-Italian relations</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="94600" type="text/json">{"id":94600,"name":"Anglo-Italian relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anglo-Italian_relations?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2429003]'), work: {"id":2429003,"title":" Musical References in the Jennens–Holdsworth Correspondence (1729–46)","created_at":"2013-01-19T02:50:42.032-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2429003/Musical_References_in_the_Jennens_Holdsworth_Correspondence_1729_46_?f_ri=7721","dom_id":"work_2429003","summary":"These extracts on music from the correspondence between Charles Jennens (1700–73) and Edward Holdsworth (1684–1746) reflect the authors' shared interests and (prohibited) political views. Though commonly known as the librettist of Messiah, Jennens was also a collector of music and art, and as such capitalized on Holdworth's travels as a tutor of young gentlemen on the Grand Tour. Many of the letters detail musical commissions and their fulfilment by a willing Holdsworth. In return, Jennens acted as Holdsworth's financial advisor, editorial consultant and publication adviser. Other discussions centre around the public and personal rating of singers and operas, in London and abroad, and include discussions of Handel's fortunes, his borrowing of music from Jennens's collection and his health. Mentions of personnel are not restricted to musicians but also encompass members of Jennens's family and of his and Holdsworth's social circles, many of whom were supporters of Handel.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65301055,"asset_id":2429003,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":206695,"first_name":"ILIAS","last_name":"CHRISSOCHOIDIS","domain_name":"stanford","page_name":"ILIASCHRISSOCHOIDIS","display_name":"ILIAS CHRISSOCHOIDIS","profile_url":"https://stanford.academia.edu/ILIASCHRISSOCHOIDIS?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/206695/872414/11608757/s65_ilias.chrissochoidis.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5231,"name":"Eighteenth Century History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":7721,"name":"Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":21944,"name":"G F Handel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/G_F_Handel?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":94600,"name":"Anglo-Italian relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anglo-Italian_relations?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":140710,"name":"Handel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Handel?f_ri=7721"},{"id":140712,"name":"Charles Jennens","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Charles_Jennens?f_ri=7721"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_53206233" data-work_id="53206233" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/53206233/The_Pocket_A_Hidden_History_of_Womens_Lives_1660_1900">The Pocket: A Hidden History of Women's Lives, 1660-1900</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/53206233" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c94702dca1ed0bfef942fcaf82d5c045" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":70103785,"asset_id":53206233,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/70103785/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwMjA1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34996550" href="https://arts-london.academia.edu/JessicaHarpley">Jessica Harpley</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34996550" type="text/json">{"id":34996550,"first_name":"Jessica","last_name":"Harpley","domain_name":"arts-london","page_name":"JessicaHarpley","display_name":"Jessica Harpley","profile_url":"https://arts-london.academia.edu/JessicaHarpley?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/34996550/49795305/37782940/s65_jessica.harpley.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_53206233 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="53206233"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 53206233, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_53206233", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=53206233]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_53206233").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_53206233").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="53206233"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1437" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Dress">History of Dress</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1437" type="text/json">{"id":1437,"name":"History of Dress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Dress?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2272" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_History">Gender History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2272" type="text/json">{"id":2272,"name":"Gender History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_History?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5231" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History">Eighteenth Century History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5231" type="text/json">{"id":5231,"name":"Eighteenth Century History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5256" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Textiles">History of Textiles</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5256" type="text/json">{"id":5256,"name":"History of Textiles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Textiles?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=53206233]'), work: {"id":53206233,"title":"The Pocket: A Hidden History of Women's Lives, 1660-1900","created_at":"2021-09-22T02:06:36.555-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/53206233/The_Pocket_A_Hidden_History_of_Womens_Lives_1660_1900?f_ri=7721","dom_id":"work_53206233","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":70103785,"asset_id":53206233,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34996550,"first_name":"Jessica","last_name":"Harpley","domain_name":"arts-london","page_name":"JessicaHarpley","display_name":"Jessica Harpley","profile_url":"https://arts-london.academia.edu/JessicaHarpley?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/34996550/49795305/37782940/s65_jessica.harpley.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1437,"name":"History of Dress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Dress?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":2272,"name":"Gender History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_History?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":5231,"name":"Eighteenth Century History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":5256,"name":"History of Textiles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Textiles?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":7721,"name":"Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture?f_ri=7721"},{"id":8357,"name":"Fashion History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fashion_History?f_ri=7721"},{"id":33457,"name":"Material Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Material_Culture?f_ri=7721"},{"id":36432,"name":"Gendered Bodies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gendered_Bodies?f_ri=7721"},{"id":177724,"name":"History of clothing and fashion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_clothing_and_fashion?f_ri=7721"},{"id":260004,"name":"Long eighteenth-century","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Long_eighteenth-century?f_ri=7721"},{"id":1749622,"name":"Pockets","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pockets?f_ri=7721"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_30262766" data-work_id="30262766" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30262766/Review_of_In_the_Eye_of_All_Trade_Bermuda_Bermudians_and_the_Maritime_Atlantic_World_1680_1783_By_Michael_J_Jarvis_UNC_Press_2010">Review of In the Eye of All Trade: Bermuda, Bermudians, and the Maritime Atlantic World, 1680-1783. By Michael J. Jarvis. UNC Press, 2010.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30262766" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="37f5c650cd4667ad6a72210d38af4bb9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50729302,"asset_id":30262766,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50729302/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwMjA1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3815724" href="https://sc.academia.edu/NealPolhemus">Neal Polhemus</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3815724" type="text/json">{"id":3815724,"first_name":"Neal","last_name":"Polhemus","domain_name":"sc","page_name":"NealPolhemus","display_name":"Neal Polhemus","profile_url":"https://sc.academia.edu/NealPolhemus?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3815724/1389437/17982164/s65_neal.polhemus.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_30262766 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="30262766"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 30262766, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_30262766", }); 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By Michael J. Jarvis. UNC Press, 2010.","created_at":"2016-12-05T12:13:39.815-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/30262766/Review_of_In_the_Eye_of_All_Trade_Bermuda_Bermudians_and_the_Maritime_Atlantic_World_1680_1783_By_Michael_J_Jarvis_UNC_Press_2010?f_ri=7721","dom_id":"work_30262766","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50729302,"asset_id":30262766,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3815724,"first_name":"Neal","last_name":"Polhemus","domain_name":"sc","page_name":"NealPolhemus","display_name":"Neal Polhemus","profile_url":"https://sc.academia.edu/NealPolhemus?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3815724/1389437/17982164/s65_neal.polhemus.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3165,"name":"Maritime History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_History?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":4121,"name":"Atlantic World","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atlantic_World?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":7721,"name":"Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":15150,"name":"British Imperial and Colonial History (1600 - )","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_Imperial_and_Colonial_History_1600_-_?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":27533,"name":"Atlantic history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atlantic_history?f_ri=7721"},{"id":55923,"name":"Bermuda","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bermuda?f_ri=7721"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_21564399" data-work_id="21564399" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21564399/The_Terror_of_Translation_Ruins_of_the_Translatio_in_The_Castle_of_Otranto_and_Vathek">The Terror of Translation: Ruins of the Translatio in The Castle of Otranto and Vathek</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">This essay examines pseudo-translation in Horace Walpole’s Castle of Otranto and William Beckford’s Vathek as both a literary trope and a reflection of cultural anxieties regarding translatability and nationalism.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/21564399" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" 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data-has-card-for-ri="1186" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Translation_Studies">Translation Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1186" type="text/json">{"id":1186,"name":"Translation Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Translation_Studies?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5878" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nationalism">Nationalism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5878" type="text/json">{"id":5878,"name":"Nationalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nationalism?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7721" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture">Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7721" type="text/json">{"id":7721,"name":"Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=21564399]'), work: {"id":21564399,"title":"The Terror of Translation: Ruins of the Translatio in The Castle of Otranto and Vathek","created_at":"2016-02-04T12:52:05.599-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/21564399/The_Terror_of_Translation_Ruins_of_the_Translatio_in_The_Castle_of_Otranto_and_Vathek?f_ri=7721","dom_id":"work_21564399","summary":"This essay examines pseudo-translation in Horace Walpole’s Castle of Otranto and William Beckford’s Vathek as both a literary trope and a reflection of cultural anxieties regarding translatability and nationalism.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45805741,"asset_id":21564399,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4960407,"first_name":"Micheal","last_name":"Rumore","domain_name":"gc-cuny","page_name":"MichealRumore","display_name":"Micheal A Rumore","profile_url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/MichealRumore?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4960407/2146106/29292653/s65_micheal.rumore.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":885,"name":"English Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/English_Literature?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":1186,"name":"Translation Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Translation_Studies?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":5878,"name":"Nationalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nationalism?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":7721,"name":"Eighteenth-Century British History and 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href="https://www.academia.edu/395068/Specters_of_Skepticism_Henry_Fielding_and_the_Problematic_of_Recognition">Specters of Skepticism: Henry Fielding and the Problematic of Recognition</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/395068" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="009edeb8287807e7dadb87fb39d6ece5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39194162,"asset_id":395068,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm 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Fenno","profile_url":"https://chicago.academia.edu/SamanthaFenno?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/299286/60669/64372/s65_samantha.fenno.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_395068 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="395068"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 395068, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_395068", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_395068 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 395068; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = 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data-has-card-for-ri="803" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="885" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/English_Literature">English Literature</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="885" type="text/json">{"id":885,"name":"English Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/English_Literature?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=395068]'), work: {"id":395068,"title":"Specters of Skepticism: Henry Fielding and the Problematic of Recognition","created_at":"2010-12-22T07:24:46.344-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/395068/Specters_of_Skepticism_Henry_Fielding_and_the_Problematic_of_Recognition?f_ri=7721","dom_id":"work_395068","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39194162,"asset_id":395068,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":299286,"first_name":"Samantha","last_name":"Fenno","domain_name":"chicago","page_name":"SamanthaFenno","display_name":"Samantha Fenno","profile_url":"https://chicago.academia.edu/SamanthaFenno?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/299286/60669/64372/s65_samantha.fenno.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":15,"name":"British 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Fielding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Henry_Fielding?f_ri=7721"},{"id":620285,"name":"History of Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Philosophy?f_ri=7721"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8544596" data-work_id="8544596" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8544596/_The_Voice_of_Envy_Will_Call_Him_the_Favourite_George_III_Lord_Bute_and_the_Politics_of_the_Constitution_1754_1766">"The Voice of Envy Will Call Him the Favourite": George III, Lord Bute, and the Politics of the Constitution, 1754-1766</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This work seeks to examine both the contemporary evidence and historiography of the controversial relationship between King George III and his advisor, mentor, and Favourite, John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute. It finds that the so-called... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8544596" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This work seeks to examine both the contemporary evidence and historiography of the controversial relationship between King George III and his advisor, mentor, and Favourite, John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute. It finds that the so-called 'Whig' and 'Tory' narratives often tell us more about the historians themselves than the period they claim to have been examining. It becomes clear that legitimate constitutional concerns were raised in the early years of George III's reign and that more work needs to be done in examination of contemporary views on the British constitution in the late eighteenth century.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8544596" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ca68971e974873075787d88425740708" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34919178,"asset_id":8544596,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34919178/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwMjA1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="17559643" href="https://oxford.academia.edu/BenGilding">Ben Gilding</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="17559643" type="text/json">{"id":17559643,"first_name":"Ben","last_name":"Gilding","domain_name":"oxford","page_name":"BenGilding","display_name":"Ben Gilding","profile_url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/BenGilding?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/17559643/4886032/19994092/s65_ben.gilding.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8544596 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8544596"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8544596, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8544596", }); 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It finds that the so-called 'Whig' and 'Tory' narratives often tell us more about the historians themselves than the period they claim to have been examining. It becomes clear that legitimate constitutional concerns were raised in the early years of George III's reign and that more work needs to be done in examination of contemporary views on the British constitution in the late eighteenth century.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34919178,"asset_id":8544596,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":17559643,"first_name":"Ben","last_name":"Gilding","domain_name":"oxford","page_name":"BenGilding","display_name":"Ben Gilding","profile_url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/BenGilding?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/17559643/4886032/19994092/s65_ben.gilding.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2324,"name":"British History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_History?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":3772,"name":"Legal History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_History?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":4448,"name":"British Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_Politics?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":5231,"name":"Eighteenth Century History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":7721,"name":"Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture?f_ri=7721"},{"id":34425,"name":"Monarchy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monarchy?f_ri=7721"},{"id":43930,"name":"Constitutional History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutional_History?f_ri=7721"},{"id":51981,"name":"British Monarchy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_Monarchy?f_ri=7721"},{"id":80730,"name":"British Constitution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_Constitution?f_ri=7721"},{"id":100378,"name":"Eighteenth Century Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_Studies?f_ri=7721"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11592286" data-work_id="11592286" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11592286/_Glory_in_the_Triumph_The_Female_Libertine_1660_1730_">“Glory in the Triumph: The Female Libertine 1660-1730.” </a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11592286" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="429d9f737e8f9042cc905a37c8fbcd92" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37126192,"asset_id":11592286,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37126192/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwMjA1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="22909617" href="https://ubc.academia.edu/TiffanyPotter">Tiffany Potter</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="22909617" type="text/json">{"id":22909617,"first_name":"Tiffany","last_name":"Potter","domain_name":"ubc","page_name":"TiffanyPotter","display_name":"Tiffany Potter","profile_url":"https://ubc.academia.edu/TiffanyPotter?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/22909617/7908098/8859960/s65_tiffany.potter.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11592286 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11592286"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11592286, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11592286", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11592286]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11592286").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11592286").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11592286"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2396" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_literature">Eighteenth-Century literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2396" type="text/json">{"id":2396,"name":"Eighteenth-Century literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_literature?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7721" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture">Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7721" type="text/json">{"id":7721,"name":"Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="119033" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/eighteenth-century_British_women_writers">eighteenth-century British women writers</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="119033" type="text/json">{"id":119033,"name":"eighteenth-century British women writers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/eighteenth-century_British_women_writers?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11592286]'), work: {"id":11592286,"title":"“Glory in the Triumph: The Female Libertine 1660-1730.” ","created_at":"2015-03-22T16:07:06.807-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11592286/_Glory_in_the_Triumph_The_Female_Libertine_1660_1730_?f_ri=7721","dom_id":"work_11592286","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37126192,"asset_id":11592286,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":22909617,"first_name":"Tiffany","last_name":"Potter","domain_name":"ubc","page_name":"TiffanyPotter","display_name":"Tiffany Potter","profile_url":"https://ubc.academia.edu/TiffanyPotter?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/22909617/7908098/8859960/s65_tiffany.potter.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2396,"name":"Eighteenth-Century literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_literature?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":7721,"name":"Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":119033,"name":"eighteenth-century British women writers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/eighteenth-century_British_women_writers?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36967955" data-work_id="36967955" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36967955/Avinoam_Yuval_Naeh_The_1753_Jewish_Naturalization_Bill_and_the_Polemic_over_Credit_Journal_of_British_Studies_57_July_2018_467_492">Avinoam Yuval-Naeh, “The 1753 Jewish Naturalization Bill and the Polemic over Credit,” Journal of British Studies 57 (July 2018): 467-492</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The polemic surrounding the 1753 Jewish Naturalization Bill was one of the major public opinion campaigns in Britain in the eighteenth century, as well as the most significant event in the history of Britain's Jews between their... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36967955" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The polemic surrounding the 1753 Jewish Naturalization Bill was one of the major public opinion campaigns in Britain in the eighteenth century, as well as the most significant event in the history of Britain's Jews between their seventeenth-century admission and nineteenth-century emancipation. The bill proposed to offer Jews a private act of naturalization without the sacramental test. A costly and cumbersome process, the measure could have had only minor practical impact. Due to its symbolic significance, however, the bill ignited public clamor in hundreds of newspaper columns, pamphlets, and prints. What made it so resonant, and why was the opposition so successful in propagating opposition to the motion? It has been commonly argued that the entire affair was an instance of partisan conflict in which the Jews themselves played an incidental role. This paper throws light on the episode from an alternative perspective, arguing that a central reason for its resonance was that the discussion on the Jews evoked concerns with the expanding financial market and its sociopolitical implications. As Jews had by that time become emblematic of modern finance, they embodied contemporary anxieties about the economy, national identity, and their interrelations.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36967955" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0af868537d94c064efaba0045126676f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57453496,"asset_id":36967955,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57453496/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwMjA1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3346270" href="https://haifa.academia.edu/AvinoamYuvalNaeh">Avinoam Yuval-Naeh</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3346270" type="text/json">{"id":3346270,"first_name":"Avinoam","last_name":"Yuval-Naeh","domain_name":"haifa","page_name":"AvinoamYuvalNaeh","display_name":"Avinoam Yuval-Naeh","profile_url":"https://haifa.academia.edu/AvinoamYuvalNaeh?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3346270/21523330/20889463/s65_avinoam.yuval-naeh.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36967955 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36967955"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36967955, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36967955", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36967955]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36967955").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36967955").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36967955"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="131" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History">European History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="131" type="text/json">{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="137" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History">Economic History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="137" type="text/json">{"id":137,"name":"Economic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="383" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies">European Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="383" type="text/json">{"id":383,"name":"European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1727" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_History">Early Modern History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1727" type="text/json">{"id":1727,"name":"Early Modern History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_History?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36967955]'), work: {"id":36967955,"title":"Avinoam Yuval-Naeh, “The 1753 Jewish Naturalization Bill and the Polemic over Credit,” Journal of British Studies 57 (July 2018): 467-492","created_at":"2018-07-03T06:24:27.409-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36967955/Avinoam_Yuval_Naeh_The_1753_Jewish_Naturalization_Bill_and_the_Polemic_over_Credit_Journal_of_British_Studies_57_July_2018_467_492?f_ri=7721","dom_id":"work_36967955","summary":"The polemic surrounding the 1753 Jewish Naturalization Bill was one of the major public opinion campaigns in Britain in the eighteenth century, as well as the most significant event in the history of Britain's Jews between their seventeenth-century admission and nineteenth-century emancipation. The bill proposed to offer Jews a private act of naturalization without the sacramental test. A costly and cumbersome process, the measure could have had only minor practical impact. Due to its symbolic significance, however, the bill ignited public clamor in hundreds of newspaper columns, pamphlets, and prints. What made it so resonant, and why was the opposition so successful in propagating opposition to the motion? It has been commonly argued that the entire affair was an instance of partisan conflict in which the Jews themselves played an incidental role. This paper throws light on the episode from an alternative perspective, arguing that a central reason for its resonance was that the discussion on the Jews evoked concerns with the expanding financial market and its sociopolitical implications. As Jews had by that time become emblematic of modern finance, they embodied contemporary anxieties about the economy, national identity, and their interrelations.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57453496,"asset_id":36967955,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3346270,"first_name":"Avinoam","last_name":"Yuval-Naeh","domain_name":"haifa","page_name":"AvinoamYuvalNaeh","display_name":"Avinoam Yuval-Naeh","profile_url":"https://haifa.academia.edu/AvinoamYuvalNaeh?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3346270/21523330/20889463/s65_avinoam.yuval-naeh.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":137,"name":"Economic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":383,"name":"European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":1727,"name":"Early Modern History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_History?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":1735,"name":"History of Economic Thought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Economic_Thought?f_ri=7721"},{"id":2324,"name":"British History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_History?f_ri=7721"},{"id":5231,"name":"Eighteenth Century History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History?f_ri=7721"},{"id":6627,"name":"Jewish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish_History?f_ri=7721"},{"id":7721,"name":"Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture?f_ri=7721"},{"id":12337,"name":"Financial History (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Financial_History_History_?f_ri=7721"},{"id":15150,"name":"British Imperial and Colonial History (1600 - )","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_Imperial_and_Colonial_History_1600_-_?f_ri=7721"},{"id":19455,"name":"Early Modern economic and social history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_economic_and_social_history?f_ri=7721"},{"id":24708,"name":"Parliamentary History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parliamentary_History?f_ri=7721"},{"id":28247,"name":"Modern Jewish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Jewish_History?f_ri=7721"},{"id":31747,"name":"Early Modern Jewish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_Jewish_History?f_ri=7721"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25222748" data-work_id="25222748" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25222748/To_what_extent_did_Great_Britain_benefit_economically_from_possessing_its_Empire_between_1870_and_1900">To what extent did Great Britain benefit economically from possessing its Empire between 1870 and 1900?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25222748" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a 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type="text/json">{"id":2324,"name":"British History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_History?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4448" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_Politics">British Politics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4448" type="text/json">{"id":4448,"name":"British Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_Politics?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7721" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture">Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7721" type="text/json">{"id":7721,"name":"Eighteenth-Century British History and 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Cappiello","profile_url":"https://urbinoc.academia.edu/ElenaCappiello?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4405527/12263943/18220078/s65_elena.cappiello.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":2324,"name":"British History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_History?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":4448,"name":"British Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_Politics?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":7721,"name":"Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":10322,"name":"Nineteenth Century British History and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nineteenth_Century_British_History_and_Culture?f_ri=7721"},{"id":10326,"name":"Nineteenth Century British Social Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nineteenth_Century_British_Social_Economy?f_ri=7721"},{"id":12961,"name":"British Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_Empire?f_ri=7721"},{"id":15150,"name":"British Imperial and Colonial History (1600 - )","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_Imperial_and_Colonial_History_1600_-_?f_ri=7721"},{"id":18970,"name":"British Imperialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_Imperialism?f_ri=7721"},{"id":28893,"name":"British Economic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_Economic_History?f_ri=7721"},{"id":2166842,"name":"British Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_Economy?f_ri=7721"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38572667" data-work_id="38572667" itemscope="itemscope" 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture">Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7721" type="text/json">{"id":7721,"name":"Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="103599" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Masonic_Studies">Masonic Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="103599" type="text/json">{"id":103599,"name":"Masonic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Masonic_Studies?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38572667]'), work: {"id":38572667,"title":"The King's Head Pall 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Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":103599,"name":"Masonic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Masonic_Studies?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_30205482" data-work_id="30205482" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30205482/British_Patriotism_and_Identity_during_the_French_Revolutionary_and_Napoleonic_Wars_A_Historiographical_Review">British Patriotism and Identity during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars: A Historiographical Review</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">This historiographical review analyses some of the most important literature concerning British Patriotism and Identity during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars and suggests future areas for research.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30205482" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d110a920a04d31b047b7c1f051cfc8a4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50663907,"asset_id":30205482,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm 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$(".js-percentile-work_30205482"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_30205482 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="30205482"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30205482; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30205482]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_30205482").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_30205482").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="30205482"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2324" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_History">British History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2324" type="text/json">{"id":2324,"name":"British History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_History?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2326" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nineteenth_Century_Studies">Nineteenth Century Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2326" type="text/json">{"id":2326,"name":"Nineteenth Century Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nineteenth_Century_Studies?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7721" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture">Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7721" type="text/json">{"id":7721,"name":"Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12567" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Napoleonic_Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12567" type="text/json">{"id":12567,"name":"Napoleonic Wars","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Napoleonic_Wars?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=30205482]'), work: {"id":30205482,"title":"British Patriotism and Identity during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars: A Historiographical Review","created_at":"2016-12-01T12:33:56.960-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/30205482/British_Patriotism_and_Identity_during_the_French_Revolutionary_and_Napoleonic_Wars_A_Historiographical_Review?f_ri=7721","dom_id":"work_30205482","summary":"This historiographical review analyses some of the most important literature concerning British Patriotism and Identity during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars and suggests future areas for research.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50663907,"asset_id":30205482,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":36909574,"first_name":"Dr Luke","last_name":"Daly-Groves","domain_name":"leeds","page_name":"LukeDalyGroves","display_name":"Dr Luke Daly-Groves","profile_url":"https://leeds.academia.edu/LukeDalyGroves?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/36909574/11241993/14484546/s65_luke.daly-groves.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2324,"name":"British History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_History?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":2326,"name":"Nineteenth Century Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nineteenth_Century_Studies?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":7721,"name":"Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":12567,"name":"Napoleonic Wars","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Napoleonic_Wars?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":23466,"name":"French Revolution and Napoleon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution_and_Napoleon?f_ri=7721"},{"id":56742,"name":"Patriotism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Patriotism?f_ri=7721"},{"id":104412,"name":"British Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_Identity?f_ri=7721"},{"id":139925,"name":"Napoleon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Napoleon?f_ri=7721"},{"id":147956,"name":"Georgian Britain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Georgian_Britain?f_ri=7721"},{"id":203942,"name":"English national identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/English_national_identity?f_ri=7721"},{"id":260097,"name":"Napoleonic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Napoleonic_History?f_ri=7721"},{"id":325678,"name":"The Napoleonic Wars","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Napoleonic_Wars?f_ri=7721"},{"id":398066,"name":"NAPOLEON BONAPARTE","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/NAPOLEON_BONAPARTE?f_ri=7721"},{"id":702962,"name":"English nationalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/English_nationalism?f_ri=7721"},{"id":1790274,"name":"British national identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_national_identity?f_ri=7721"},{"id":1793997,"name":"British Nationalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_Nationalism?f_ri=7721"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5340304" data-work_id="5340304" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5340304/Dividing_to_Rule_Precision_Mathematical_Instruments_in_mid_18th_Century_England">Dividing to Rule: Precision Mathematical Instruments in mid-18th Century England</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5340304" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7df800c8d52000ea1d2e875f65e8d4c3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32495741,"asset_id":5340304,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32495741/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwMjA1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3458007" href="https://stlawu.academia.edu/DuncanJMelville">Duncan J Melville</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3458007" type="text/json">{"id":3458007,"first_name":"Duncan J","last_name":"Melville","domain_name":"stlawu","page_name":"DuncanJMelville","display_name":"Duncan J Melville","profile_url":"https://stlawu.academia.edu/DuncanJMelville?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3458007/1912020/2265440/s65_duncan_j.melville.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5340304 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5340304"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5340304, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5340304", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_5340304 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5340304; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = 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History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7721" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture">Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7721" type="text/json">{"id":7721,"name":"Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23381" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_scientific_instruments">History of scientific instruments</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="23381" type="text/json">{"id":23381,"name":"History of scientific instruments","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_scientific_instruments?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5340304]'), work: {"id":5340304,"title":"Dividing to Rule: Precision Mathematical Instruments in mid-18th Century England","created_at":"2013-12-06T04:15:36.573-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5340304/Dividing_to_Rule_Precision_Mathematical_Instruments_in_mid_18th_Century_England?f_ri=7721","dom_id":"work_5340304","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32495741,"asset_id":5340304,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3458007,"first_name":"Duncan J","last_name":"Melville","domain_name":"stlawu","page_name":"DuncanJMelville","display_name":"Duncan J 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data-work_id="5614577" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5614577/Drove_Roads_of_Northumberland">Drove Roads of Northumberland</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Droving has been hugely important in shaping farming practice across Northumberland for 1,000 years or more. The necessity of transporting sheep and cattle has changed the landscape, and developed the roads and buildings and at one time,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5614577" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Droving has been hugely important in shaping farming practice across Northumberland for 1,000 years or more. The necessity of transporting sheep and cattle has changed the landscape, and developed the roads and buildings and at one time, animals would be herded from as far a field as Scotland and Ireland. Today the scene is very different but the legacy of the drovers can still be seen and enjoyed all over the region. Local archaeologists Ian Roberts, Alan Rushworth and Richard Calrton have been determined to preserve this history on behalf of the Northumberland National Park Authority. Following the development of droving in Northumberland from prehistoric times, through Middle Ages, the eighteenth century and right up to date, they offer the definitive history of this significant activity.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5614577" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9e9a46ebd4874172869c0d227032bad6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32688075,"asset_id":5614577,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32688075/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwMjA1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7626952" href="https://newcastle.academia.edu/RichardCarlton">Richard Carlton</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7626952" type="text/json">{"id":7626952,"first_name":"Richard","last_name":"Carlton","domain_name":"newcastle","page_name":"RichardCarlton","display_name":"Richard Carlton","profile_url":"https://newcastle.academia.edu/RichardCarlton?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7626952/6165014/11818422/s65_richard.carlton.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5614577 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5614577"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5614577, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5614577", }); 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The necessity of transporting sheep and cattle has changed the landscape, and developed the roads and buildings and at one time, animals would be herded from as far a field as Scotland and Ireland. Today the scene is very different but the legacy of the drovers can still be seen and enjoyed all over the region. Local archaeologists Ian Roberts, Alan Rushworth and Richard Calrton have been determined to preserve this history on behalf of the Northumberland National Park Authority. Following the development of droving in Northumberland from prehistoric times, through Middle Ages, the eighteenth century and right up to date, they offer the definitive history of this significant activity.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32688075,"asset_id":5614577,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7626952,"first_name":"Richard","last_name":"Carlton","domain_name":"newcastle","page_name":"RichardCarlton","display_name":"Richard Carlton","profile_url":"https://newcastle.academia.edu/RichardCarlton?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7626952/6165014/11818422/s65_richard.carlton.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2324,"name":"British History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_History?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":7721,"name":"Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":19332,"name":"19th Century (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/19th_Century_History_?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":33104,"name":"Ancient Agriculture \u0026 Farming (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Agriculture_and_Farming_Archaeology_?f_ri=7721","nofollow":true},{"id":65210,"name":"Archaeology of Roads","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_Roads?f_ri=7721"},{"id":102728,"name":"Ancient Roads","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Roads?f_ri=7721"},{"id":107775,"name":"Medieval roads","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_roads?f_ri=7721"},{"id":140483,"name":"Cattle Droving","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cattle_Droving?f_ri=7721"},{"id":260829,"name":"Cattle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cattle?f_ri=7721"},{"id":973784,"name":"Livestock Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Livestock_Marketing?f_ri=7721"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5887438" data-work_id="5887438" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5887438/Adam_Smith_as_Advocate_of_Empire_c_1870_1932_Historical_Journal_">Adam Smith as Advocate of Empire, c. 1870-1932 (Historical Journal)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article examines how The wealth of nations (1776) was transformed into an amorphous text regarding the imperial question throughout the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Adam Smith had left behind an ambiguous legacy on... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5887438" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article examines how The wealth of nations (1776) was transformed into an amorphous text regarding the imperial question throughout the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Adam Smith had left behind an ambiguous legacy on the subject of empire: a legacy that left long-term effects upon subsequent British imperial debates. In his chapter on colonies, Smith had proposed both a scheme for the gradual devolution of the British empire and a theoretical scheme for imperial federation. In response to the growing global popularity of protectionism and imperial expansionism, the rapid development of new tools of globalization, and the frequent onset of economic downturns throughout the late Victorian and Edwardian eras, turn-of-the-century proponents of British imperial federation formed into a formidable opposition to England's prevailing free trade orthodoxy – Cobdenism – a free trade ideology which famously expanded upon the anti-imperial dimensions of The wealth of nations. Ironically, at the turn of the century many advocates for imperial federation also turned to Smith for their intellectual inspiration. Adam Smith thus became an advocate of empire, and his advocacy left an indelible intellectual mark upon the burgeoning British imperial crisis.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5887438" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="30c9485a38cd23b1a8a620c833b1e930" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34346565,"asset_id":5887438,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34346565/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwMjA1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="190386" href="https://exeter.academia.edu/MarcWilliamPalen">Marc-William Palen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="190386" type="text/json">{"id":190386,"first_name":"Marc-William","last_name":"Palen","domain_name":"exeter","page_name":"MarcWilliamPalen","display_name":"Marc-William Palen","profile_url":"https://exeter.academia.edu/MarcWilliamPalen?f_ri=7721","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/190386/46119/851073/s65_marc-william.palen.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5887438 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5887438"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5887438, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5887438", }); 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Adam Smith had left behind an ambiguous legacy on the subject of empire: a legacy that left long-term effects upon subsequent British imperial debates. In his chapter on colonies, Smith had proposed both a scheme for the gradual devolution of the British empire and a theoretical scheme for imperial federation. In response to the growing global popularity of protectionism and imperial expansionism, the rapid development of new tools of globalization, and the frequent onset of economic downturns throughout the late Victorian and Edwardian eras, turn-of-the-century proponents of British imperial federation formed into a formidable opposition to England's prevailing free trade orthodoxy – Cobdenism – a free trade ideology which famously expanded upon the anti-imperial dimensions of The wealth of nations. Ironically, at the turn of the century many advocates for imperial federation also turned to Smith for their intellectual inspiration. 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